cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unscheduled expression of cyclins D1 and D3 in human tumour cell lines

D-type cyclins are involved in regulation of cell traverse through G1 primarily by activating the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and targeting it to the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein. There is a vast body of evidence that defective expression of D-type cyclins is associated with tumour development and/or progression. Immunocytochemical detection of D cyclins combined with multiparameter flow cytometry makes it possible to measure the expression of these proteins in individual cells in relation to their cell cycle position without the need for cell synchronization. This approach was used in the present study to compare the cell cycle phase specific expression of cyclins D3 and D1 in human normal proliferating lymphocytes and fibroblasts, respectively, with nine tumour cell lines of different lineage. During exponential, unperturbed growth, expression of cyclin D1 in fibroblasts from donors of different age, or cyclin D3 in lymphocytes, was limited to mid-G1 cells: Less than 7% of the cells entering S phase or progressing through S and G2 were cyclin D positive. In contrast, expression of either cyclin D1 or cyclin D3 in tumour cell lines of different lineage was not limited to G1 phase. Namely, over 80% of the cells in S and G2+M were cyclin D positive in eight of the nine cell lines studied. The data indicate that while expression of cyclin D1 or D3 in normal cells is discontinuous, occurring transiently in G1, these proteins are expressed in some tumour lines persistently throughout the cell cycle. This suggests that the partner kinase CDK4 is perpetually active throughout the cell cycle in these tumour lines.
Female genital mutilation reversal: a general approach

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a violation of human rights; yet, more than 100 million females are estimated to have undergone the procedure worldwide. There is an increased need for physician education in treating FGM. Female pelvic surgeons have a unique opportunity to treat this population of patients. Here, we depict the classification of FGM and a general approach to FGM reversal. We specifically address the procedure of type III FGM reversal, or defibulation. In this video, we first highlight the importance of the problem of FGM. Next, we present the classification of FGM using an original, simple, schematic diagram highlighting they key anatomic structures involved in the four types of FGM. We then present a simple case of reversal of type III FGM, a procedure also known as defibulation. After depicting the surgical procedure, we discuss clinical results and summarize key principles of the defibulation procedure. Our patient was a 25-year-old woman who had undergone type III FGM as a child in Somalia. She desired restoration of vaginal function. We performed a reversal, and her postoperative course was uncomplicated. By 6 weeks postoperatively, she was able to engage in sexual intercourse without dyspareunia. FGM is a problem at the doorsteps of female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. Our video demonstrates a basic surgical approach that can be applied to simple cases of type III FGM presenting to the female pelvic surgeon.
Investigation of the onset of bioconvection in a suspension of oxytactic microorganisms subjected to high-frequency vertical vibration

This paper investigates the effect of vertical vibration on the stability of a dilute suspension of oxytactic microorganisms in a shallow horizontal fluid layer. For the case of high-frequency vibration, an averaging method is utilized to derive the equations describing the mean flow by decomposing the solutions of governing equations into two components: one that varies slowly with time, and a second that varies rapidly with time. Linear stability analysis is used to investigate the stability of the obtained averaged equations. It is predicted that high-frequency, low-amplitude vertical vibration has a stabilizing effect on a suspension of oxytactic microorganisms confined in a shallow horizontal layer.
Anti-Melanoma Effects of Vorinostat in Combination with Polyphenolic Antioxidant (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG)

Purpose Melanoma is an aggressive neoplasm with a propensity for metastases and resistance to therapy. Previously, we showed that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic antioxidant present in green tea, resulted in a significant decrease in the viability and growth of melanoma and induction of apoptosis via modulation of the cki-cdk-cyclin network and Bcl2 family proteins. Epigenetic regulation of gene transcription by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is gaining momentum as a novel cancer therapy. SAHA-suberoylanilidine hydroxamic acid Zolinza® (vorinostat) is the first HDAC inhibitor approved by the U.S. FDA. In this study, we determined if vorinostat alone or in combination with EGCG imparts anti-proliferative effects against human melanoma cells.
Business continuity management & guidelines

The objective of this paper is to explore information systems security management topic of Business Continuity Management. The existence of business risk observed with service disruptions have become an inescapable concern at many organizations. This work explores the definitions, terminology, trends and guidelines common to this requirement born essentially from the IT industry. It concludes with current recommended guidelines and trends to consider when developing a business continuity plan strategy. The method of research being the analysis of existing information sources including peer reviewed publications and other sources freely available on the Internet. The analysis of the data examines some of the trends and guidelines, practices, and lessons learned by others in the execution of Business Continuity Management programs.
Cathodoluminescence of Praseodymium doped AlN, GaN and turbo static BN.

Praseodymium (Pr) doped aluminum nitride (AlN), gallium nitride (GaN) and boron nitride (BN) thin films deposited on Si (111) substrate are studied with cathodoluminescence. AlN:Pr and GaN:Pr films are deposited at 77 K and room temperature respectively while BN:Pr films at 750 K by reactive sputtering, using 100-200 Watts RF power, 5-10 mTorr nitrogen. Metal targets of Al and B with Pr and a liquid target of Ga with solid Pr are used. The dominant peaks observed in the visible range result from 3P0 → 3H4, 3P1→ 3H5, and 3P0 → 3F2 transitions in AlN:Pr, 3P0 → 3H4, 3P0 → 3H6, and 3P0 → 3F2 transitions in GaN:Pr and from 3P0 → 3H4, 3P1→ 3H5, 3P0 → 3H6, and 3P0 → 3F2 transitions in BN:Pr. Additional peaks are observed from AlN:Pr at 335 nm and 385 nm from 1S0 → 1D2 and 1S0 → 1I6 which are not observed in GaN:Pr and BN:Pr films.
Shock-Wave Reflection over a Semicircular Cylinder in a Dusty Gas

The unsteady shock-wave reflection and diffraction generated by a shock wave propagating over a semicircular cylinder in a dusty gas are studied numerically. The mathematical model is a multiphase system based on a multifluid Eulerian approach. A second-order Godunov scheme is used to solve the gas-phase Euler equations and an upwind scheme is used to solve the particle-phase conservation equations on an unstructured adaptive mesh. For the validation of the model, the numerically predicted one-dimensional shock-wave attenuation is compared with experimental results. Shock-wave reflection and diffraction over a semicircular cylinder in a pure gas flow is simulated first to show the excellent agreement between the present computation and the experimental results. For a shock-wave reflection and diffraction in a dusty gas, the effects of particle size and particle loading on the flowfield are investigated. Gas and particle-density contour plots are presented. It has been shown that the shock-wave configuration differs remarkably from pure gas flow depending on the particle parameters. The difference is explained as the result of momentum and heat exchange between the two phases.
A realistic mobility model for wireless networks of scale-free node connectivity

Recent studies discovered that many of social, natural and biological networks are characterised by scale-free power-law connectivity distribution. We envision that wireless networks are directly deployed over such real-world networks to facilitate communication among participating entities. This paper proposes Clustered Mobility Model (CMM), in which nodes do not move randomly but are attracted more to more populated areas. Unlike most of prior mobility models, CMM is shown to exhibit scale-free connectivity distribution. Extensive simulation study has been conducted to highlight the difference between Random WayPoint (RWP) and CMM by measuring network capacities at the physical, link and network layers.
The Case of Fanny

Fanny Stein has a disease that most people would dread. It has left her with a completely functional mind and no use of her body from the neck down. She cannot bathe herself nor wipe her own nose. She cannot turn the pages of a book. She cannot even eat food by mouth. She can still talk, but someday she will also lose this ability. Yet she would prefer to continue living in her present condition to ending her life. As long as she is able to breathe on her own and is not put on a respirator, she wants to continue her life. Her two grown daughters agree with her.
Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory

Except for the problem of magnetic resonance, we have avoided studying phenomena governed by a time-dependent Hamiltonian.
On the Economic Efficiency of Progressive Taxation

This paper suggests two mechanisms by which a progressive distribution of tax burdens may promote economic efficiency. First, a progressive tax rate structure indexed to the median income may discourage rent seeking by powerful interest groups. Second, progressive taxation favors income streams that are long-sustained over those that pay off over a shorter time span; this bias is likely to favor more socially productive activities. Consistent with these propositions, a marked retreat from progressivity for the top 0.1 percent of earners followed two decades of post-war economic expansion and preceded the productivity slowdown of the 1970s and the serial crises that have followed. The analysis suggests that progressivity is especially important at the top of the income distribution and that a top marginal rate that sets in too low — as would a single rate that applied to the top 0.1 percent of earners — would not achieve the right incentives.
Diffusion of oxygen interstitials in UO2+x using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations: Role of O/M ratio and sensitivity analysis

Oxygen interstitials in UO2+x significantly affect the thermophysical properties and microstructural evolution of the oxide nuclear fuel. In hyperstoichiometric Urania (UO2+x), these oxygen interstitials form different types of defect clusters, which have different migration behavior. In this study we have used kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) to evaluate diffusivities of oxygen interstitials accounting for mono- and di-interstitial clusters. Our results indicate that the predicted diffusivities increase significantly at higher non-stoichiometry (x > 0.01) for di-interstitial clusters compared to a mono-interstitial only model. The diffusivities calculated at higher temperatures compare better with experimental values than at lower temperatures (< 973 K). We have discussed the resulting activation energies achieved for diffusion with all the mono- and di-interstitial models. We have carefully performed sensitivity analysis to estimate the effect of input di-interstitial binding energies on the predicted diffusivities and activation energies. While this article only discusses mono- and di-interstitials in evaluating oxygen diffusion response in UO2+x, future improvements to the model will primarily focus on including energetic definitions of larger stable interstitial clusters reported in the literature. The addition of larger clusters to the kMC model is expected to improve the comparison of oxygen transport in UO2+x with experiment.
Adrenocortical response to stress in rats with lesions in hippocampus and amygdala.

SummaryBilateral electrolytic lesions of hippocampus, amygdala or habenula of the rat did not produce notable changes in pituitary gonadotropic or thyrotropic activity as judged by testicular or thyroid weight and histology and I131 uptake. In response to immobolization stress, PFC levels of normal rats increased 200% after 30 min; after placement of lesions in amygdala, the response to stress was markedly delayed, but eventually reached a 200% increase after 4 hrs. Lesions of hippocampus did not alter the temporal pattern of response to stress; resting or basal PFC levels were, however, significantly higher than normal.
Delayed Hypersensitivity to Fungal Antigens in Mice. III. Characterization of the Active Component in Immunogenic RNA Extracts

In a mouse model, cell-mediated immunity to Coccidioides immitis, as assayed by the delayed hypersensitivity skin test, was transferred with whole immunogenic RNA extract and its > 33S and 6S-13S sedimentation fractions. Both fractions were cleaved by RNase, but the products retained their transfer activity. The > 33S fraction of immunogenic RNA extract was inactivated by pronase, whereas the 6S-13S fraction was resistant to the proteolytic enzyme; however, after RNase treatment the latter fraction was sensitive to pronase. This finding suggests a protective role for RNA. Dialysis of immunogenic RNA extract yielded a dialysate with a ratio of absorbance at 260 nm to that at 280 nm (A260:A2so0) of 1.02. Similarly, the dialysis product of RNase-treated RNA is active and has an A260: A280 ratio of 1.34. The data indicate that at least part of the active moiety of immunogenic RNA extracts is an RNA-associated, pronase-labile peptide or nucleopeptide. Furthermore, it is possible that the dialyzable transfer factor may be the same peptide or nucleopeptide cleaved from immunogenic RNA during preparation of the transfer factor.
Selection of Voltage Level in Power System Planning

The paper explained the selection of voltage level for the public and the exclusive electric network by technical and economic analysis of power system operation according to the increasing generated electricity and demanded electricity.The paper gave main principles on voltage level selection for the public and the exclusive network transformers.And it illustrated that the voltage level selection is based not only on capacity,but also on technical and economic analysis.
Bone-resorbing activity of analogues of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol: effects of side chain modification and stereoisomerization on responses of fetal rat bones in vitro.

Organ cultures of fetal rat bone were used to test the effects of molecular modification on the bone-resorbing activity of the vitamin D 3 metabolites 25-OH-D 3 and 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 . Addition of 26-hydroxyl group to the 25-OH-D 3 side chain reduced the activity more than 10-fold. Shortening the 25-OH-D 3 side chain by 1 carbon atom reduced the activity by at least two orders of magnitude. Removal of the 26- and 27-methyl groups diminished the bone-resorbing activity still further. 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 was likewise more active than the vitamin D 3 derivatives with which it was compared. The 3α-hydroxy epimer of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 [1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 (3α)] was more than three orders of magnitude less active than 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 . 1,24( R ),25-(OH) 3 D 3 was approximately 1/10 as active as 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 . When the 24-hydroxyl was in the S configuration, the trihydroxy derivative was even less effective. 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 was approximately equiactive with 1,25-(OH) 2 D 2 . The results illustrate the importance of precise structural characteristics at a number of sites on the molecule for optimal bone-resorbing activity. The data also show that in terms of direct effects on bone, no known naturally occurring vitamin D 3 metabolite or synthetic congener surpasses 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 in activity. A striking correlation exists between the structure-activity relationships shown here and published studies on the binding of vitamin D analogues to subcellular "receptors." Good correlations also can be demonstrated between effects of the 1-hydroxylated derivatives on bone resorption in vivo and in vitro . Greater inconsistencies between results in vitro and in vivo are found with compounds lacking a 1-hydroxyl group.
Ponderomotive dynamics of waves in quasiperiodically modulated media

Similarly to how charged particles experience time-averaged ponderomotive forces in high-frequency fields, linear waves also experience time-averaged refraction in modulated media. Here we propose a covariant variational theory of this "ponderomotive effect on waves" for a general nondissipative linear medium. Using the Weyl calculus, our formulation accommodates waves with temporal and spatial period comparable to that of the modulation (provided that parametric resonances are avoided). Our theory also shows that any wave is, in fact, a polarizable object that contributes to the linear dielectric tensor of the ambient medium. The dynamics of quantum particles is subsumed as a special case. As an illustration, ponderomotive Hamiltonians of quantum particles and photons are calculated within a number of models. We also explain a fundamental connection between these results and the commonly known expression for the electrostatic dielectric tensor of quantum plasmas.
Control of lung defence by mucins and macrophages: ancient defence mechanisms with modern functions

Owing to the need to balance the requirement for efficient respiration in the face of tremendous levels of exposure to endogenous and environmental challenges, it is crucial for the lungs to maintain a sustainable defence that minimises damage caused by this exposure and the detrimental effects of inflammation to delicate gas exchange surfaces. Accordingly, epithelial and macrophage defences constitute essential first and second lines of protection that prevent the accumulation of potentially harmful agents in the lungs, and under homeostatic conditions do so effectively without inducing inflammation. Though epithelial and macrophage-mediated defences are seemingly distinct, recent data show that they are linked through their shared reliance on airway mucins, in particular the polymeric mucin MUC5B. This review highlights our understanding of novel mechanisms that link mucus and macrophage defences. We discuss the roles of phagocytosis and the effects of factors contained within mucus on phagocytosis, as well as newly identified roles for mucin glycoproteins in the direct regulation of leukocyte functions. The emergence of this nascent field of glycoimmunobiology sets forth a new paradigm for considering how homeostasis is maintained under healthy conditions and how it is restored in disease.
Is More Really Better? An Examination of Services and Payment Patterns among Urologists from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

Abstract Introduction We examined provider and regional variation in services provided and payments made to urologists by CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services) by linking payments to individual beneficiaries and examining the proportion of submitted charges resulting in payments. Methods We analyzed Medicare Part B Provider Utilization and Payment Data released by CMS for 2012, the last year of the purely fee-for-service reimbursement model. For each provider we determined the ratio of number of services provided to individual beneficiaries as well as the ratio of total submitted charges-to-total Medicare payments. Each provider was stratified into deciles of total Medicare payments and the mean per decile of total Medicare payment was calculated. Finally, to elucidate the potential association between the ratio of services-to-beneficiaries, we conducted multivariate linear regressions. Results The 20th, 40th, 60th and 80th percentiles for the ratio of number of services per individual beneficiary ratios to total Medicare Part B payments are 2.8, 4.0, 5.2 and 7.4, respectively. Urologists with greater payments received provided more services to individual beneficiaries. Submitted charges exceeded payments by 3:1. Finally, female providers had lower ratios (p Conclusions We found significant variation in services and payment in CMS. Reimbursement models replacing fee-for-service should be tailored to ensure appropriate health care resource utilization.
Standard Setting for Clinical Performance of Basic Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: Moving beyond the Written Test.

Background Credible methods for assessing competency in basic perioperative transesophageal echocardiography examinations have not been reported. The authors' objective was to demonstrate the collection of real-world basic perioperative transesophageal examination performance data and establish passing scores for each component of the basic perioperative transesophageal examination, as well as a global passing score for clinical performance of the basic perioperative transesophageal examination using the Angoff method. Methods National Board of Echocardiography (Raleigh, North Carolina) advanced perioperative transesophageal echocardiography-certified anesthesiologists (n = 7) served as subject matter experts for two Angoff standard-setting sessions. The first session was held before data analysis, and the second session for calibration of passing scores was held 9 months later. The performance of 12 anesthesiology residents was assessed via the new passing score grading system. Results The first standard-setting procedure resulted in a global passing score of 63 ± 13% on a basic perioperative transesophageal examination. The global passing score from the second standard-setting session was 73 ± 9%. Three hundred seventy-one basic perioperative transesophageal examinations from 12 anesthesiology residents were included in the analysis and used to guide the second standard-setting session. All residents scored higher than the global passing score from both standard-setting sessions. Conclusions To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration that the collection of real-world anesthesia resident basic perioperative transesophageal examination clinical performance data is possible and that automated grading for competency assessment is feasible. The authors' findings demonstrate at least minimal basic perioperative transesophageal examination clinical competency of the 12 residents.
Reimaginar la autoría: la desapropiación según Cristina Rivera Garza

Siguiendo muy de cerca a la pensadora norteamericana Mar- jorie Perloff y su trabajo seminal Unoriginal Genius: Poetry by Other Means in the New Century (2010), Cristina Rivera Gar- za publica en el 2013 Los muertos indociles. Necroescrituras y desapropiacion . Ademas de trasladar al contexto hispanohablante las reflexiones de Perloff sobre la escritura en la era digital, la aportacion mas brillante de Rivera Garza es la del concepto de desapropiacion. Analizando tendencias literarias que se cargan decididamente hacia las practicas de apropia- cion escritural —a las que ambas pensadoras agrupan bajo la etiqueta de esteticas citacionistas—, Cristina Rivera Garza nos advierte sobre el peligro de aterrizar de nueva cuenta en el culto excesivo al autor y las implicaciones politicas que esto conlleva. Para reimaginar el concepto de autoria, para traspasar sus fronteras, Rivera Garza nos ofrece la desapropiacion: una forma de “desposeerse del dominio sobre lo propio” a traves de la escritura en coautoria. El objetivo, entonces, seria escapar del circuito de la propiedad privada; intentar modificar, aunque sea levemente, las logicas imperantes de acumulacion excesiva de capital cultural y economico. Aqui propongo una lectura de los supuestos que sustentan la desapropiacion con el proposito de ensanchar la discusion, argumentando con especial enfasis que las licencias copyleft de distribucion comercial —utilizadas en Mexico por libros como Antigona Gonzalez , de Sara Uribe— son un siguiente paso logico para la desapropiacion y, sobre todo, una medida eficaz en sintonia con las preocupaciones esteticas y politicas de Rivera Garza.
131 Unintentional injuries in native american reservation communities: problems and solutions

Introduction Injuries are the leading cause of death for American Indians (AI) ages 1–44 and the third leading cause of death overall. Despite well documented injury mortality rates among AI reservation communities, there is little published on causes of injury deaths and non-fatal injuries. The overall aim of this study is to describe unintentional injury patterns among AIs living in reservation communities and to describe prevention strategies used to address leading causes of injury. Methods Existing injury mortality data available in ‘Indian Health Focus: Injuries 2015 Edition’ and injury morbidity data provided by Indian Health Service’s (IHS) Division of Program Statistics was tabulated by age, injury type and IHS service until. Injury morbidity and mortality rates were calculated and descriptive tables were generated. A literature review was conducted to identify injury prevention strategies used in both Native and non-Native communities that address leading causes of injury morbidity and mortality. Results Between 2007–2009 the unintentional injury death rate among AI/AN communities (156.6/100,000) was 2.4 times higher the rate for US all races (39.2/100,000). The leading cause of injury death was motor vehicle crashes and was highest among AI/AN males. Between 2007–2009 the motor vehicle related death rate among AI/AN males (51.4/100,000) was 2.7 times the rate for US males all races (18.9/100,000). Poisoning was the second leading cause of unintentional injury deaths. The poisoning death rate among AI/AN (29.3/100,000) was 2.7 times the rate for US all race (2.2/100,000). Falls and drowning were the third and fourth leading causes of death. Morbidity data from IHS will also be presented. Conclusion Findings from this research will directly benefit injury prevention efforts in AI reservation communities, whose leadership has identified the need for ongoing and systematic data analytics to better inform community-based prevention interventions.
The Natural Landscape

The landscape history of southwestern Germany is one of the best studied in Europe. Early geomorphological work by Penck and Bruckner (1909) along the Riss, Wurm, and other small streams draining the Alps was seminal in the development of our understanding of glacial history, while pollen studies by Bertsch (1961) and Firbas (1949) in this area established the basic vegetational history for much of central Europe. This research emphasis has continued to the present, producing a rich record unparalleled in most of the continent. Rather than attempt to summarize this vast record of detailed studies, I hope to use it selectively to evaluate this region as a human environment, a hunter- gatherer habitat, in light of the issues discussed in the Chapter 2.
Respiratory Symptoms in Hospital Cleaning Staff Exposed to a Product Containing Hydrogen Peroxide, Peracetic Acid, and Acetic Acid

Cleaning and disinfecting products consisting of a mixture of hydrogen peroxide (HP), peracetic acid (PAA), and acetic acid (AA) are widely used as sporicidal agents in health care, childcare, agricultural, food service, and food production industries. HP and PAA are strong oxidants and their mixture is a recognized asthmagen. However, few exposure assessment studies to date have measured HP, PAA, and AA in a health care setting. In 2015, we performed a health and exposure assessment at a hospital where a new sporicidal product, consisting of HP, PAA, and AA was introduced 16 months prior. We collected 49 full-shift time-weighted average (TWA) air samples and analyzed samples for HP, AA, and PAA content. Study participants were observed while they performed cleaning duties, and duration and frequency of cleaning product use was recorded. Acute upper airway, eye, and lower airway symptoms were recorded in a post-shift survey (n = 50). A subset of 35 cleaning staff also completed an extended questionnaire that assessed symptoms reported by workers as regularly occurring or as having occurred in the previous 12 months. Air samples for HP (range: 5.5 to 511.4 ppb) and AA (range: 6.7 to 530.3 ppb) were all below established US occupational exposure limits (OEL). To date, no full-shift TWA OEL for PAA has been established in the United States, however an OEL of 0.2 ppm has been suggested by several research groups. Air samples for PAA ranged from 1.1 to 48.0 ppb and were well below the suggested OEL of 0.2 ppm. Hospital cleaning staff using a sporicidal product containing HP, PAA, and AA reported work-shift eye (44%), upper airway (58%), and lower airway (34%) symptoms. Acute nasal and eye irritation were significantly positively associated with increased exposure to the mixture of the two oxidants: HP and PAA, as well as the total mixture (TM)of HP, PAA, and AA. Shortness of breath when hurrying on level ground or walking up a slight hill was significantly associated with increased exposure to the oxidant mixture (P = 0.017), as well as the TM (P = 0.026). Our results suggest that exposure to a product containing HP, PAA, and AA contributed to eye and respiratory symptoms reported by hospital cleaning staff at low levels of measured exposure.
Heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of silica-doped γ-Al2O3

Abstract Alumina can exist in a variety of structural phases, including the more common alpha and gamma phases. The gamma phase is particularly useful as a support material for catalysts, but compared to the alpha phase there is little thermodynamic data reported for it. Even less data are available for alumina prepared with dopants such as silica. These materials have improved thermal stability over their un-doped counterparts. This makes them especially useful in high temperature catalytic applications, and while they have been, in many regards, well characterized, gaps still exist in the available thermodynamic data. Additionally, water from synthesis conditions or catalytic preparation tends to bind to gamma phase alumina, further complicating thermodynamic data collection and analysis. We collected heat capacity data for a set of silica-doped alumina samples calcined at 300 °C (chemical formula Al2O3 0.089 SiO2 1.190 H2O), 600 °C (Al2O3 0.089 SiO2 1.027 H2O), 900 °C (Al2O3 0.089 SiO2 0.321 H2O), and 1100 °C (Al2O3 0.089 SiO2 0.187 H2O) using a Quantum Design Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS). The data were fit to mathematical functions, and from these fits entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs energy functions were calculated. The standard molar entropies for silica-doped alumina calcined at 300 °C, 600 °C, 900 °C, and 1100 °C are 101.69 J K−1 mol−1, 90.206 J·K−1·mol−1, 73.758 J·K−1·mol−1, and 66.444 J·K−1·mol−1 respectively.
IT Professional Enters its 20th Year with Confidence

Incoming editor in chief Irena Bojanova presents an overview of IT Pro’s current state and where the magazine is headed.
Oxybutynin for Hot Flashes Due to Androgen Deprivation in Men.

Control of Androgen-Deprivation Hot Flashes A patient with prostate cancer and debilitating hot flashes and night sweats had nearly complete relief of symptoms with oxybutynin. Further studies are ...
The Psychoanalytic Theory of Motivation

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory offers the most general and well-known conception of the dynamics of motivation. This conception is so vast that it is meaningless to ask whether it is “correct” or “incorrect.” Rather, some aspects of the theory have been shown to have reasonable validity, other facets have no empirical support at all, and still other propositions are beyond empirical test. In this chapter Freud’s theory of motivation and subsequent modifications introduced by “ego psychologists” are presented. Conceptions devised by other theorists such as Adler, Jung, and Rank are ignored inasmuch as these have had less impact than Freud’s ideas and the motivational aspects of these theories are not as clearly formulated.
Mechanical effects of pharyngeal constrictor activation on pharyngeal airway function

The mechanical effects of pharyngeal constrictor (PC) muscle activation on pharyngeal airway function were determined in 20 decerebrate, tracheotomized cats. In 10 cats, a high-compliance balloon a...
Monitoring and Apnea Alarm for Infant Primates: Practical and Research Applications

The need for a remote respiration monitor became apparent with the increasing number of premature, low-birth-weight, and maternally rejected infant monkeys handled by the Infant Primate Research Laboratory at the University of Washington. Of primary interest was the development of a safe, reliable, contactless device that would free laboratory personnel from the tedious duty of extended observation of one or more acutely ill infants. As a result of this need a radar respiration monitor was developed (Spelman, Kindt, Bowden, Sackett, Spillane, and Blattman, 1975). Initially the monitor was intended to signal prolonged and frequent apneas in the premature infants. However, the radar respiration unit rapidly demonstrated its ability to measure subtle respiration patterns in a variety of disease states as well. We have monitored respiration patterns of infant monkeys that exhibited one or more of the following conditions: prematurity, low birth weight, pneumonia, hyperbilirubinemia, hyaline membrane disease, severe hypothermia, complications arising from post-operative recovery from anesthesia, and trauma. Use of the radar monitor has led to earlier therapeutic intervention and treatment of infants with suspected respiratory compromise than was previously possible through simple observation.
Astronomy in the National Science Education Standards

The NRC National Science Education Standards provide a framework to design curriculum for K-12 astronomy education. At grades K-4, students should be learning about the objects and motions in the sky from a geocentric perspective. At grades 5–8, students should be learning about the motions of the solar system from a heliocentric perspective. At grades 9–12, students should be learning about stellar evolution and the structure of the Universe. In support of instruction, an extensive review of the literature demonstrates that existing research on student learning addresses only a small subset of the astronomy objectives prescribed by the NSES and does not address age-appropriate conceptual development. A need exists to develop and rigorously assess a collection of age-appropriate assessment instruments based on research into student understanding of fundamental astronomical concepts. These instruments would serve to clearly define the expected cognitive levels of the specific NSES objectives and provide a ...
Current Status of HDAC Inhibitors in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphomas that are characterized by primary skin involvement. Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS), the two most common subtypes of CTCL, can be difficult to manage clinically as there are few effective treatment options available. Recently, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have emerged as promising therapies with favorable adverse effect profiles, compared with traditional chemotherapies. In this article, we review the published literature to evaluate the role of HDACi in the treatment of CTCL. Specifically, we (1) briefly discuss the molecular rationale for the use of HDACi in CTCL; (2) compare the efficacy, tolerability, and adverse effects of HDACi; (3) review the cardiac safety data; and (4) discuss optimization of therapy with HDACi in the treatment of CTCL.
Increasing knowledge retention of business statistics through discipline-specific case studies

AbstractThe authors perform a classroom experiment to test the effectiveness of discipline-specific case studies on knowledge acquisition and retention in advanced business statistics courses. The results indicate that although students are more engaged in the case studies, overall there is no impact on acquisition or retention of statistics knowledge by having students engage in discipline-specific case studies relative to traditional case studies. However, for high-performing students, discipline-specific case studies have a positive and significant impact on statistical knowledge retention. Moreover, our research reaffirms past research, which has found greater retention for students with higher grade point average, and there exists a significant negative correlation between retention and time.
ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors Require Chloride Channels To Promote Inflammation in Human Macrophages

Immune cells of myeloid origin show robust expression of ATP-gated P2X7 receptors, two-transmembrane ion channels permeable to Na+, K+, and Ca2+ Receptor activation promotes inflammasome activation and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In this study, we show that ATP generates facilitating cationic currents in monocyte-derived human macrophages and permeabilizes the plasma membrane to polyatomic cationic dyes. We find that antagonists of PLA2 and Cl- channels abolish P2X7 receptor-mediated current facilitation, membrane permeabilization, blebbing, phospholipid scrambling, inflammasome activation, and IL-1β release. Our data demonstrate significant differences in the actions of ATP in murine and human macrophages and suggest that PLA2 and Cl- channels mediate innate immunity downstream of P2X7 receptors in human macrophages.
Patients' preferences over care settings for minor illnesses and injuries.

Objectives To identify consumers' preferences over care settings, such as physicians' offices, emergency rooms (ERs), urgent care centers, retail clinics, and virtual physicians on smartphones, for minor illnesses. Data sources A survey conducted between 9/27/16 and 12/7/16 emailed to all University of California, Irvine employees. Study design Participants were presented with 10 clinical scenarios and asked to choose the setting in which they wanted to receive care. We estimated multinomial conditional logit regression models, conditioning the choice on out-of-pocket costs, wait time, travel time, and chooser characteristics. Data collection 5451 out of 21 037 employees responded. Principal findings Out-of-pocket costs and wait time had minimal impact on patient's preference for site of care. Choices were driven primarily by the clinical scenario and patient characteristics. For chronic conditions and children's well-visits, the doctor's office was the preferred choice by a strong majority, but for most acute conditions, either the ER (for high severity) or urgent care clinics (for lower severity) were preferred to the office setting, particularly among younger patients and those with less education. Conclusions Patients have several alternatives to traditional physicians' offices and ERs. The low impact of out-of-pocket costs suggests that insurers interested in encouraging increased utilization of alternatives would need to consider substantial changes to benefit structure.
Stress Effects on Vibrational Spectra of a Cubic Hybrid Perovskite: A Probe of Local Strain

Inhomogeneous strain may develop in hybrid organic metal-halide perovskite thin films due to thermal expansion mismatch with a fabrication substrate, polycrystallinity, or even light soaking. Measu...
ASSOCIATION OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE IN WOMEN VETERANS

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) in men. Despite sex differences in the prevalence and pathophysiology of PTSD and IHD, research on this association in women is limited. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association of PTSD with IHD in
Modeling the effects of scattering and absorption on the transmission of light in polycrystalline materials

As transparent polycrystalline materials become more important in optical applications, evaluation of their optical properties across a wide range of wavelengths (or frequencies) is crucial for device design. In-line transmission measurements are often used to assess the suitability of materials for a given optical application. We developed a model that describes reflection, scattering, and absorption losses that commonly affect transmission. The model demonstrates the effects that parameters such as absorption type (Lorentzian or Gaussian), scattering regime (Raleigh–Gans–Debye or Rayleigh), and optical path length have on transmission spectra. We also fit the model onto transmission data from three polycrystalline material systems: ruby, yttria stabilized zirconia, and terbia. Parameters extracted from these fits can be used to describe wavelength dependent transmission with one simple analytical expression. The fit can also be used to decouple absorption from scattering, allowing for the extraction of important properties such as absorption coefficients.
Performance of Validated MicroRNA Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified, but have not been evaluated in prodromal AD, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective To assess whether a set of validated AD miRNA biomarkers in CSF are also sensitive to early-stage pathology as exemplified by MCI diagnosis. Methods We measured the expression of 17 miRNA biomarkers for AD in CSF samples from AD, MCI, and cognitively normal controls (NC). We then examined classification performance of the miRNAs individually and in combination. For each miRNA, we assessed median expression in each diagnostic group and classified markers as trending linearly, nonlinearly, or lacking any trend across the three groups. For trending miRNAs, we assessed multimarker classification performance alone and in combination with apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele (APOEɛ4) genotype and amyloid-β42 to total tau ratio (Aβ42:T-Tau). We identified predicted targets of trending miRNAs using pathway analysis. Results Five miRNAs showed a linear trend of decreasing median expression across the ordered diagnoses (control to MCI to AD). The trending miRNAs jointly predicted AD with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.770, and MCI with AUC of 0.705. Aβ42:T-Tau alone predicted MCI with AUC of 0.758 and the AUC improved to 0.813 (p = 0.051) after adding the trending miRNAs. Multivariate correlation of the five trending miRNAs with Aβ42:T-Tau was weak. Conclusion Selected miRNAs combined with Aβ42:T-Tau improved classification performance (relative to protein biomarkers alone) for MCI, despite a weak correlation with Aβ42:T-Tau. Together these data suggest that that these miRNAs carry novel information relevant to AD, even at the MCI stage. Preliminary target prediction analysis suggests novel roles for these biomarkers.
Effect of vitamin E and alpha lipoic acid on intestinal development associated with wooden breast myopathy in broilers.

Intestinal development is closely associated with inflammatory wooden breast (WB) myopathy. Vitamin E (VE) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were used independently and in combination to evaluate their effects on intestinal developmental changes in ileal morphology and expression of genes related with gut nutrient transport, structure, and inflammation in broilers during the first 3 wk posthatch. A total of 160 newly hatched Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into a control and 3 dietary treatments with 10 replicates of 4 birds each. Supplementation of VE (160 mg/kg) and ALA (500 mg/kg) independently and in combination were fed during the first 3 wk. At 1, 2, and 3 wk of age, one chick from each pen was harvested. Plasma VE concentration and ileal morphology were determined. Gene expression was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Broilers in VE and combination of ALA and VE group had higher plasma VE concentration than the control and ALA group at 1, 2, and 3 wk of age (P < 0.01). All dietary treatments increased ileal villus height at 1 wk of age (P < 0.01) and decreased intraepithelial lymphocytes at 3 wk of age compared to the control (P ≤ 0.05). Combination of VE and ALA increased collagen type IV alpha 1 chain expression (P ≤ 0.05) and improved basement membrane structure indicating increased gut basement membrane integrity at 2 and 3 wk of age compared to the control. Expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor associated with inflammation was decreased in all dietary treatments at 3 wk of age compared to the control (P < 0.01). Ileal morphology and gene expression were closely correlated with breast muscle morphology and gene expression. These results suggest that VE and ALA especially when they were combined in the diet had positive effects on mitigating intestinal inflammation and improving nutrient transport beginning at 1 wk of age, which is likely critical in reducing the severity of WB.
EU and US Data Protection Reforms: A Comparative View

This research makes a comparative analysis of two significant reform projects in data protection legislation, proposed in early 2012 in the EU and the US, in order to identify the common philosophies and also the main differences between them. Its outcomes are important as transatlantic data transfers are exponentially increasing and their main actors need to know what to expect from both legal regimes. The paper builds on a ground zero, as both reform projects were made public in late January – respectively late February, so such a comparison can only refer to researches made prior to the announcements regarding the general concepts of privacy and data protection in the European and American view. The main method employed is comparative observation. The results show that EU and US legislations start using the same language regarding data protection law – by the legal definitions proposed and main principles implemented, while still keeping significant differences. Academics and researchers will have a starting point for future comparative analyzes in a legal field which enjoys a lot of attention from lawmakers all over the globalized world. The paper focuses on very recent legal developments, which need throughout analysis in order to make them functional in practice.
Everything in Moderation: A Proposed Improvement to Variance Calculation for Visualizing Latent Endogenous Moderation

Despite the sacrifices to precision, researchers frequently visualize moderation by using the simple slopes approach with moderator endpoints of ± 1 and 2 standard deviations. Yet in structural equ...
pH-dependent 11° F1Fo ATP synthase sub-steps reveal insight into the Fo torque generating mechanism

Most cellular ATP is made by rotary F1Fo ATP synthases using proton translocation-generated clockwise torque on the Fo c-ring rotor, while F1-ATP hydrolysis can force anticlockwise rotation and proton pumping. Although the interface of stator subunit-a containing the transmembrane half-channels and the c-ring is known from recent F1Fo structures, the torque generating mechanism remains elusive. Here, single-molecule studies reveal pH-dependent 11{degrees} rotational sub-steps in the ATP synthase direction of the E. coli c10-ring of F1Fo against the force of F1-ATPase-dependent rotation that result from H+ transfer events from Fo subunit-a groups with a low pKa to one c-subunit of the c-ring, and from an adjacent c-subunit to stator groups with a high pKa. Mutations of subunit-a residues in the proton translocation channels alter these pKa values, and the ability of synthase substeps to occur. Alternating 11{degrees} and 25{degrees} sub-steps then result in sustained ATP synthase rotation of the c10-ring.