cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chapter 15 – Membrane Receptors

The membranes of cells, in particular the plasma membrane of cells, contain membrane proteins that are dedicated to provide communication between the outside and the inside of the cell. This is the process called signal transduction. Among many such receptors, several are introduced in this chapter including receptors that function by receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor tyrosine kinases, ligand-gated ion channels, adhesion receptors, and G-protein coupled receptors. Low-density lipoprotein enters cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, as does transferrin. The insulin receptor is a tyrosine kinase. The kinase activity is activated by insulin binding to the receptor. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel that opens in response to binding acetylcholine. Integrins are members of the family of adhesion receptors, that both signal and mediate attachment to the extracellular matrix. A large family of receptors mediates signals through G proteins, the G-protein coupled receptors. Both rhodopsin and the β-adrenergic receptor mediate signaling through G proteins.
Outcome of metastatic melanoma following immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment by tumor infiltrating lymphocyte of primary cutaneous site.

e22005Background: TIL include antigen specific clonal T cells responding to tumor antigens (TA) in the tumor microenvironment. Biological relevance of TIL at the PCM following ICI treatment of MM i...
Conventional and Complementary Health Care Approaches Used by American Adults Reporting Joint Pain: Patterns from the National Health Interview Survey 2012.

Objective: To describe patterns of conventional health care (CH) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among U.S. adults reporting recent joint symptoms in a nationally representativ...
Capillary Obligations: Fletcher’s Island Princess and the Global Debts of the East India Company

While we typically think of the English East India Company as investors, they were first a network of debtors. From 1600 to 1630, a sum of nearly three million pounds was committed to the EIC by merchants seeking a monopoly on the spice trade in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Analysing scenes of imprisonment and the rhetoric of ‘deserving’ in John Fletcher’s The Island Princess (1621), the first English play set explicitly in the Pacific, this essay examines how Londoners made sense of their globalised debt and the early shift towards imperialism it revealed. Reframing investment in terms of debt relations, and imprisonment in terms of imperialism, this essay joins others in this volume by moving beyond the Thames towards the development of global debt.
Cultural Characteristics and Influences

This chapter gives brief synopses of business communication theories which highlight the communicative nature and architecture of culture. These diverse theories emphasize the intersection between cultural communication and meaning as well as its impact on organizational/community members. Our definition of culture refers to mutual norms, beliefs, values, and behaviors that prevail within a given community. All of these attributes are captured in messages, symbols, rituals, and behaviors which are shared among organizational/community members. Equally important, many of these theories underscore the dynamic nature of culture. This chapter also raises important scholarly questions. Can and should the field of business communication attain consensus on the definition of culture? How can researchers more effectively measure both culture and subcultures? And, how can theories in this category be fruitfully partnered with complimentary groups such as channels and barriers, flows and patterns, and organizational structures to fine-tune our cultural knowledge?
An Open Labeled Observational Study of Rituximab and Plasma Exchange (PLEX) in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (P3.264)

Objective: The purpose of our open label observational trial was to determine tolerability, safety, disease modifying effects (including functional capabilities and symptoms) of PLEX/Rituximab or PLEX alone in patients with progressive MS Background: Insights into pathophysiology of progressive MS have elucidated a role for B cell follicles and meningeal inflammation.1 Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody against CD-20 protein on B cells, may be effective in mitigating ongoing disease activity (and potentially disease progression) in MS patients. PLEX in conjunction with immunosuppressive agents, has been shown to be effective in progressive patients when other therapies have failed.2 Design/Methods: This is an observational study of progressive MS patients (n=28, 79[percnt] secondary progressive) with recalcitrant disease who underwent PLEX or PLEX/rituximab. PLEX involved five full volume exchanges; generally requiring 8-10 days. Data ascertainment was done through follow up visits and phone interviews along with chart review. Results: One patient reported recovery of profound loss in hand strength and dexterity over a period of six months to a year after initial PLEX/Rituximab therapy. Two other patients noted significant improvements in gait lasting 6-12 weeks; both have transitioned to receive monthly maintenance PLEX. Of these, one has reported durable gains from maintenance PLEX. Eight patients reported some improvement initially; follow up is ongoing. No life threatening adverse effects were reported. Adverse effects included infections in a few patients, bleeding from mediport in one patient, and a hypersensitivity reaction to Rituximab, despite pre-treatment with steroids. Conclusions: PLEX and Rituximab in progressive MS patients appear to be well tolerated without any serious adverse events. A subset of patients exhibited conspicuous improvements in functional capabilities and disease symptoms, albeit of limited duration. Long term follow up in larger cohorts will indicate if maintenance PLEX (with or without Rituximab) is associated with durable and functionally relevant gains in neurologic capabilities. Disclosure: Dr. Qureshi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abraham has nothing to disclose. Dr. Logan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Frohman has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Novartis, Acorda Therapeutics, and Questcor. Dr. Frohman has participated in the speakers9 bureau for Teva Neurosciences, Acorda, and Novartis and has received consulting fees from TEVA Neurosciences, and Acorda.,
Detecting simulated versus bona fide traumatic brain injury using pupillometry.

Objective: Pupil dilation patterns are outside of conscious control and provide information regarding neuropsychological processes related to deception, cognitive effort, and familiarity. This study examined the incremental utility of pupillometry on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in classifying individuals with verified traumatic brain injury (TBI), individuals simulating TBI, and healthy comparisons. Method: Participants were 177 adults across three groups: verified TBI (n = 53), feigned cognitive impairment due to TBI (SIM, n = 52), and heathy comparisons (HC, n = 72). Results: Logistic regression and ROC curve analyses identified several pupil indices that discriminated the groups. Pupillometry discriminated best for the comparison of greatest clinical interest, verified TBI versus simulators, adding information beyond traditional accuracy scores. Simulators showed evidence of greater cognitive load than both groups instructed to perform at their best ability (HC and TBI). Additionally, the typically robust phenomenon of dilating to familiar stimuli was relatively diminished among TBI simulators compared to TBI and HC. This finding may reflect competing, interfering effects of cognitive effort that are frequently observed in pupillary reactivity during deception. However, the familiarity effect appeared on nearly half the trials for SIM participants. Among those trials evidencing the familiarity response, selection of the unfamiliar stimulus (i.e., dilation-response inconsistency) was associated with a sizeable increase in likelihood of being a simulator. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings provide strong support for multimethod assessment: adding unique performance assessments such as biometrics to standard accuracy scores. Continued study of pupillometry will enhance the identification of simulators who are not detected by traditional performance validity test scoring metrics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Sexual Dimorphic Effects of Exercise Training on Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue of Mice.

Obesity is estimated to affect more than 600 million people worldwide (1). The strong relationship between obesity and multiple diseases, including type 2 diabetes, has motivated ongoing research aimed at understanding the fundamental biology of adipose tissue. Adipocytes can be characterized as white, brown, or beige. White adipocytes are crucial for energy (triglyceride) storage (2). White adipocytes also release numerous signaling molecules (adipokines) that have endocrine, paracrine, and/or autocrine functions. Distinctive physiological purposes and metabolic features have been documented for visceral versus subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) depots (3). The primary feature of brown adipocytes is their exceptional capacity for heat generation. Beige adipocytes, which are interspersed in WAT depots, also have substantial thermogenic capacity. However, brown and beige adipocytes arise from distinct lineages (4). A variety of interventions, including exposure to cold ambient temperature, β-adrenergic activation, and physical exercise, can stimulate the induction and activation of beige adipocytes. Unraveling the remarkable complexity and adaptive potential of adipose tissue continues to be a crucial, but challenging, task. Research performed 30–40 years ago revealed that in rats, chronically performed exercise can modify metabolic properties of WAT, including insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and the activity of mitochondrial enzymes (5,6). Nonetheless, it was remarkable when recent research …
Marijuana Use and the Risk of Early Ischemic Stroke: The Stroke Prevention in Young Adults Study.

Background and Purpose: Few studies have examined the dose-response and temporal relationships between marijuana use and ischemic stroke while controlling for important confounders, including the a...
P-040: CD138-independent strategy to predict relapse in Multiple Myeloma patients

Background CD138 has been the gold-standard surface marker to detect multiple myeloma (MM) cells for decades; however, drug resistant minimal-residual disease (MRD) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were shown to have lower expression of this marker. We previously published that residual MM cells following treatment in vivo were hypoxic and the combination of hypoxia and chemotherapy such as bortezomib downregulated CD138 expression, thereby making this marker unsuitable for MM detection. Needless to say, accurate number of MM cells is critical in diagnosis, autologous transplantation, MRD and drug efficiency assessment. Moreover, CTCs are considered an unfavorable prognostic factor and indicate an aggressive form of the disease, and therefore detecting CTCs can be used as a powerful prognostic tool for MM. Methods We used an alternative biomarker-set using flow cytometry defining MM cells as any cell that expresses CD38 but excluding T cell (CD3), B cell (CD19), NK cell (CD16), monocyte/macrophage (CD14), neutrophil/eosinophil (CD16), and basophil/dendritic cell (CD123). We demonstrated previously that this approach it widely available due to accessibility of flow cytometry, inexpensive, and works independently of hypoxic-, CD138 expression- and treatment status. We analyzed primary patient samples (n=50) with complete response or very good partial response for MRD and CTCs and correlated the numbers of detected MM with patients’ time-to-progression (TTP) obtained from a clinical data base. Results We found that the alternative biomarker-set identifies MM cells more precisely and at higher numbers than CD138 marker by flow or histology. Moreover, we found a correlation between the number of MM cells detected and TTP in these patients: the amount of MM cells detected by the new method ranged between 0.5-7.3%, and patients who progressed sooner than two years had 2.5-fold higher percentage of MM cells compared to patients who relapsed later than 2 years. Similarly, patients who relapsed sooner than 3 years had 4-fold higher number of MM cells than patients who relapsed later than 3 years. We further found that, among all patients who had more than 2% of MM cells detected by the new method had a mean TPP of about 20 months, while patients who had less than 2% had a mean TPP of about 38 months. Testing the prevalence of CTCs in MM patients with progressive disease using CD138 or the new method, demonstrated that CD138 detected minimal amounts of MM cells in all patients (less than 0.1%), while the new method detected a range between 0.1 - 1.8% of MM cells in the peripheral blood. Conclusion These results suggest that the alternative biomarker-set detected MM cells which correlated with relapse in MM patients. Therefore, the amount of residual cells in the bone marrow and circulating myeloma cells can be used as a prognostic marker in MM patients. Further examination to characterize this population and its role in MM relapse is warranted.
Modeling of solid-gas reactions with application to the chlorination of lime

77 INTRODUCTION 78 DEVELOPMENT OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL GRAIN MODEL 79 Method of Solution 82 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 84 Evaluation of the Thiele-Type Modulus 86 Equivalent Spherical Radius Approximation 86 Infinite Cylinder Approximation 86 Infinite Slab Approximation 92 Experimental Determination of Rate Constants 92 CONCLUSIONS 98 NOTATION 99 REFERENCES 101 PART III, A MORE STABLE NUMERICAL SOLUTION TECHNIQUE FOR THE GRAIN MODEL IN SOLID-GAS REACTIONS 102 INTRODUCTION 103 GRAIN MODEL 104 ANALYSIS OF SOLUTION METHOD 105 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 111 NOTATION 112 REFERENCES 113
Multi-agent systems for the real world

To support real world applications, a multi-agent system must deal with all relevant issues from the environment, the problem, the users and the technological infrastructure. The real world introduces restrictions and noise at all levels. The communication network may provide intermittent connectivity, variable latency and limited bandwidth. Devices have limited computation. The world is uncertain and dynamic. Tasks, resources and the team objective can change. The software may give incorrect advice. Users can make errors and initiate unplanned actions.
Structure and function of the ζ-globin upstream regulatory element

The human zeta-globin promoter contains a strong positive regulatory element in the 5' flanking region, designated the zeta-globin upstream regulatory element (URE). In this study, we define the minimal sequences required for URE function and characterize the associated protein-DNA interactions. Deletion experiments show that the URE spans a 60 bp region located between 220 and 279 bp 5' to the transcription start site. Further subdivision of this region shows that multiple cis acting sequences are present. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 binds a site at -230, and Sp1 and an unidentified factor bind a CCACC site at -240. The unidentified CCACC factor is distinct from two other CCACC factors, EKLF and BKLF/TEF-2. A third complex contains a novel DNA-binding activity that interacts with a site in the -269 to -255 region, designated URE binding factor (URE-BF). This factor is present in K562 cells that express zeta-globin, but is absent in the OCIM1 cell line, a human erythroid cell line that does not express zeta-globin. URE-BF appears to interact with a GATA factor, since formation of the URE-BF complex can be prevented by the presence of unlabeled oligonucleotides containing GATA sites. Finally, increasing the distance from the -230 GATA site to the two upstream sites causes a progressive decrease in zeta-globin promoter activity. There is no indication of a requirement for GATA-1 to be on the same side of the DNA helix as the other upstream factors. These results show that zeta-globin promoter function is highly dependent on a 60 bp region to which at least three different factors bind. Two of these factors may represent DNA-binding proteins not previously identified as important for regulation of globin gene expression. It is likely that these factors interact physically to create a functional regulatory unit.
Mobile data mining for radio resource management in wireless mobile networks

We have introduced in [15] a predictive call admission control and resource reservation (PCAC-RR) technique for wireless mobile networks. In this technique, the behavior of the user is recorded over a period of time and analyzed to generate the mobility models (profiles) of the users. The generated mobility models are used to predict the future movement of the users in order to perform the call admission and the resource reservation. A local mobility model can be generated for the individual user and a global mobility model can be generated for a group of users. We used the combination between the local and the global mobility models to compare the performance of this technique with other techniques. In this paper, we focus on studying the performance of PCAC-RR technique comparing three types of mobility models: 1) the local mobility model only, 2) the global mobility model only, and 3) the combination between local and global mobility models. Also, in this paper we explain the simulation environment in details and how to study the performance of the presented technique using each of these mobility models. Simulation results show that using the hierarchical structure of local and global mobility models improves the performance significantly.
Cutting Edge: Dexamethasone Negatively Regulates Syk in Mast Cells by Up-Regulating Src-Like Adaptor Protein

We have identified Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) as one of several dexamethasone-inducible inhibitory regulators in mast cells. SLAP is a known inhibitor of T cell signaling and interacts with the tyrosine kinase, Zap70. Exposure of RBL-2H3 mast cells to dexamethasone markedly increased expression of SLAP. Cells so exposed or made to overexpress SLAP exhibited reduced Ag-stimulated phosphorylation of Syk (a cognate of Zap70), linker for activation of T cells, phospholipase Cgamma, and ERK. Ca(2+) mobilization, Ca(2+)-dependent degranulation, and ERK-dependent release of arachidonic acid were suppressed as well. Small interfering RNA directed against SLAP blocked the induction of SLAP and reversed the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on phosphorylation of Syk, linker for activation of T cells, and phospholipase Cgamma, but not downstream events, which are likely suppressed by up-regulation of downstream of tyrosine kinase-1 and MAPK phosphatase-1. The induction of these inhibitory regulators may contribute to the immunosuppressive activity of dexamethasone in mast cells.
Purine nucleobase transport in human erythrocytes. Reinvestigation with a novel "inhibitor-stop" assay.

Abstract A novel "inhibitor-stop" method for the determination of initial rates of purine nucleobase transport in human erythrocytes has been developed, based on the addition of seven assay volumes of cold 19 mM papaverine to terminate influx. In view of our finding that the initial velocities of adenine, guanine, and hypoxanthine influx into human erythrocytes were linear for only 4-6 s at 37 degrees C, the present method has been used to reexamine the kinetics of purine nucleobase transport in these cells. Initial influx rates of all three purine nucleobases were shown to be the result of concurrent facilitated and nonfacilitated diffusion. The nonfacilitated influx rates could be estimated either from the linear concentration dependence of nucleobase influx at high concentrations of permeant or from residual influx rates which were not inhibited by the presence of co-permeants. Appropriate corrections for nonfacilitated diffusion were made to the influx rates observed at low nucleobase concentrations. Kinetic analyses indicated that adenine (Km = 13 +/- 1 microM, n = 7), guanine (Km = 37 +/- 2 microM, n = 5), and hypoxanthine (Km = 180 +/- 12 microM, n = 6) were mutually competitive substrates for transport. The Ki values obtained with each nucleobase as an inhibitor of the influx of the other nucleobases were similar to their respective Km values for influx. Furthermore, the transport of the purine nucleobases was not inhibited by nucleosides (uridine, inosine) or by inhibitors of nucleoside transport (6-[(4-nitrobenzyl)thio]-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine, dilazep, dipyridamole). It is concluded that all three purine nucleobases share a common facilitated transport system in human erythrocytes which is functionally distinct from the nucleoside transporter.
High-spin dual vertex and total widths on the leading trajectory

A general three-resonance dual vertex with one of the legs being a normal-parity spin-j particle (leading trajectory) is constructed assuming a local coupling with the current carried by the constituents, quarks, of a hadron. This leads to results similar to those obtained by factorization of theN-point dual amplitude. This vertex is used to study the total widths of resonances along the leading trajectory. We have carried out an explicit numerical computation of the first four widths. We cannot make yet any statement about the asymptotic behavior of the widths but our results are not in disagreement with experimental indications, namely they slowly decrease as a function ofM2 in the energy region considered.
Policy: Hurricane Katrina’s lessons for the world

Ten years ago, Hurricane Katrina devastated the US Gulf coast states. It caused around US$110 billion in damages, more than 1,800 deaths, and displaced 1.2 million people. The disaster led to a rethink of the management of the Gulf coastline. In the seven decades preceding 2005, Louisiana had lost coastal lands, mainly marshes, totalling around 4,900 square kilometres — an area the size of Trinidad and Tobago. Following the hurricane, the President's Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force recommended extensive wetland re-establishment, noting that they “provide a natural flood attenuation function”. After the hurricane season in 2005, the Louisiana state legislature created the Coastal Protection Restoration Authority (CPRA) and tasked it with coordinating the local, state and federal efforts. The CPRA embarked on five-year coastal master plans to guide policymakers in developing a more sustainable coast.... Language: en
Electromagnetic scattering properties of individual Carbon Nanotubes with realistic three dimensional shapes

Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) in composites exhibit a wide variety of complex shapes and are rarely perfectly straight even when they are highly aligned. Moreover, fabrication capabilities have advanced enough to allow the synthesis of CNT with specific three-dimensional shapes, e.g. helixes, rings, and Y-shaped junctions. The shape of the CNT has a profound effect on the mechanical properties of the composites as predicted by numerous simulations and measurements. However, electromagnetic scattering from CNTs with realistic shapes has not yet been quantified.
Knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions and educational preparation of physical therapists in the uniformed services.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to describe knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions among physical therapists in the uniformed services based on their educational background and preparation. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 182 physical therapists in the uniformed services completed a standardized examination that assesses knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions. Physical therapists in the uniformed services who graduated from the U.S. Army-Baylor Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy or had attended a specific continuing medical education course that emphasizes the management of musculoskeletal conditions achieved higher scores and passing rates than their colleagues who had not. Compared with previously published data, physical therapists in the uniformed services demonstrated higher scores than medical students, physician interns and residents, active duty military physicians, and all physician specialists except for orthopedists. Physical therapists in the uniforme...
Transient mild hyperthermia induces e-selectin mediated localization of mesoporous silicon vectors in solid tumors

Background Hyperthermia treatment has been explored as a strategy to overcome biological barriers that hinder effective drug delivery in solid tumors. Most studies have used mild hyperthermia treatment (MHT) to target the delivery of thermo-sensitive liposomes carriers. Others have studied its application to permeabilize tumor vessels and improve tumor interstitial transport. However, the role of MHT in altering tumor vessel interfacial and adhesion properties and its relationship to improved delivery has not been established. In the present study, we evaluated effects of MHT treatment on tumor vessel flow dynamics and expression of adhesion molecules and assessed enhancement in particle localization using mesoporous silicon vectors (MSVs). We also determined the optimal time window at which maximal accumulation occur. Results In this study, using intravital microscopy analyses, we showed that temporal mild hyperthermia (∼1 W/cm(2)) amplified delivery and accumulation of MSVs in orthotopic breast cancer tumors. The number of discoidal MSVs (1000×400 nm) adhering to tumor vasculature increased 6-fold for SUM159 tumors and 3-fold for MCF-7 breast cancer tumors. By flow chamber experiments and Western blotting, we established that a temporal increase in E-selectin expression correlated with enhanced particle accumulation. Furthermore, MHT treatment was shown to increase tumor perfusion in a time-dependent fashion. Conclusions Our findings reveal that well-timed mild hyperthermia treatment can transiently elevate tumor transport and alter vascular adhesion properties and thereby provides a means to enhance tumor localization of non-thermally sensitive particles such as MSVs. Such enhancement in accumulation could be leveraged to increase therapeutic efficacy and reduce drug dosing in cancer therapy.
Forms of Love: Vladimir Solov’ev and Lev Tolstoy on Eros and Ego

Vladimir Solov'ev and Lev Tolstoy challenged both sides of an intellectual controversy raging in Western Europe throughout the course of their careers. Each took issue with tenets of Catholic-based Christianity, on the one hand, and positivist philosophy, on the other. They expressed this joint disaffection in their readings of Plato, readings fundamental to their respective moral doctrines. These interpretations deviated from both conventional "Catholic" appropriations of the Greek philosopher, beginning with St. Augustine, and positivist rejections of Platonism, inspired particularly by Charles Darwin and evolutionary theory. Yet despite their similar starting points, the philosophy of Solov'ev and Tolstoy came ultimately to diverge in radical and even bitter ways. Although each anchored his metaphysical formulations around the intertwined concepts of love and unity, their differing interpretations of these terms inspired a defense of irreconcilably rival religious and political views. The nature of their disagreements shifted over the years, as each scholar's philosophical position evolved. However, with Tolstoy's publication of the KreutzerSonata in 1889, debate between the two men crystallized around the issue of eros, or sexual love (polovaia liubov'). Tolstoy's position at the time was notoriously controversial. Although readers initially accepted his novel as a blood-drenched indictment of adulterous behavior, Tolstoy in a laterAfterword pushed them to acknowledge what he claimed had been his much broader argument in favor of chastity and against all forms of romantic attachment. Eros is consequently portrayed in the Afterword as a sensation both manufactured and misdirected. Manufactured, in that it results from a lover's attempts to justify sexual hunger by projecting an array of complimentary attributes onto the object of his or her affections. And misdirected, in that it is the consequence of thought focused on lust, rather than aimed at what Tolstoy terms "any goal considered worthy of mankind," much less toward the highest of
“Just one fucking thing after another”: Exploring the Nature and Purpose of History and Education Through The History Boys

(2007). “Just one fucking thing after another”: Exploring the Nature and Purpose of History and Education Through The History Boys. Theory & Research in Social Education: Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 492-500.
Primary thrombocytosis and anginal syndrome

Abstract Two cases of angina pectoris complicated by primary thrombocytosis in which reduction of the platelet count with radioactive phosphorus relieved the angina are reported. Hematologic studies including platelet counts should be performed on young patients with symptoms and signs of coronary artery disease.
Complexes of bacterial catalase with peroxide, azide and carbon monoxide.

Abstract Using crystalline bacterial catalase, the spectra of peroxide- and peroxide-azide complexes were recorded at pH 5.4 and 7.0. The kinetics of the formation of the carbon monoxide compound of one of these, and its reversible light dissociation was measured. By repeating this reversible process at a series of wavelengths, a light dissocation spectrum was obtained which proved to be identical with the difference spectrum between Cat-Az II and Cat-Az II-CO. Catalase-peroxide complex III has a spectrum very similar to that of Cat-Az II at pH 7.0. However, by lowering the pH to 5.4, the peak of complex II is unchanged whereas the peak of Cat-Az II moves from 416 mμ at 412 mμ. Complex III did not bind CO under the conditions of these experiments. The data indicate that Cat-Az II and complex II are not identical. Quantiative spectrophotometric data on catalase from liver, blood and bacteria, as well as on the complexes mentioned above, are listed. They are compared to earlier data in the literature.
Nonlinear vibrations of circular plates with notches. Method of R-functions

We investigate vibrations of geometrically nonlinear circular plates with two notches. For the determination of natural frequencies of vibrations, the method of R-functions is used. Nonlinear vibrations of a plate are expanded in eigenmodes of linear vibrations containing R-functions. As a result of using the Bubnov–Galerkin method, we obtain a dynamic system with three degrees of freedom, which is investigated by the method of multiple scales.
Double photoionization of Helium

The cross sections for double photoionization of helium and the ratios of double to single ionization have been measured from the double-ionization threshold to 820 eV. The results are in very good agreement with several recent calculations.
Molecular luminescence sensing for global strain measurement

Luminescent photoelasticity is a new approach to measure mechanically induced strain on structural components. The technique incorporates a luminescent dye that partially preserves the stress-modified polarization state within a birefringent coating and provides high emission signal strength at oblique surface orientations. These characteristics can facilitate determining the principle strains and directions on complex geometries, without additional experimental or analytical techniques, by exploiting the angle dependent emission from multiple camera and/or illumination orientations. This paper presents a brief overview of the technique and a newly initiated research program sponsored by the NSF. Resulting advancements of the research are expected to integrate luminescence sensing for strain measurement into time-demanding product design cycles, validate complimentary computational methods, and provide a foundation to expand into critical need areas such as structural health monitoring in civil, automotive and aerodynamic applications.
A Privacy Preserved Data Mining Framework for Customer Relationship Management

ABSTRACT Collecting customer information and analyzing the information using data mining techniques are the primary processes of customer relationship management. One of the important issues in such processes is how to protect the trade secrecy of corporations and privacy of customers contained in the data sets collected and used for the purpose of data mining. In this article, we propose a privacy preserved data mining framework for customer relationship management that not only enables firms to protect the private information but maintains the performance and utility of the data mining analysis as well. We use churn prediction as a case study to show how this framework works in the real world.
Council Views toward Targeting of Development Policy Benefits

This research examines city council member views toward efforts to direct the benefits of local development policies to certain areas or interests within communities. Using a large national sample of council members, the analysis finds substantial support for the proposition that development should benefit needy areas within a community. Consistent with expectation, minority council members are found to be more supportive of targeting efforts than are Anglo members, and ward representatives appear marginally more supportive of such efforts than do at-large representatives. Partisan affiliation, in general, does not seem to affect those attitudes, but Democratic ward representatives are much more supportive of targeting than either Democratic at-large representatives or Republican council members. Consistent with some distributive policy-making models, we find that council members from cities with considerable experience with economic development programs are most likely to believe that such programs gain ...
Optimal placement of multiple types of communicating sensors with availability and coverage redundancy constraints

Determination of an optimal configuration (numbers, types, and locations) of a sensor network is an important practical problem. In most applications, complex signal propagation effects and inhomogeneous coverage preferences lead to an optimal solution that is highly irregular and nonintuitive. The general optimization problem can be strictly formulated as a binary linear programming problem. Due to the combinatorial nature of this problem, however, its strict solution requires significant computational resources (NP-complete class of complexity) and is unobtainable for large spatial grids of candidate sensor locations. For this reason, a greedy algorithm for approximate solution was recently introduced [S. N. Vecherin, D. K. Wilson, and C. L. Pettit, "Optimal sensor placement with terrain-based constraints and signal propagation effects," Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XI, SPIE Proc. Vol. 7333, paper 73330S (2009)]. Here further extensions to the developed algorithm are presented to include such practical needs and constraints as sensor availability, coverage by multiple sensors, and wireless communication of the sensor information. Both communication and detection are considered in a probabilistic framework. Communication signal and signature propagation effects are taken into account when calculating probabilities of communication and detection. Comparison of approximate and strict solutions on reduced-size problems suggests that the approximate algorithm yields quick and good solutions, which thus justifies using that algorithm for full-size problems. Examples of three-dimensional outdoor sensor placement are provided using a terrain-based software analysis tool.
Multiplication of Yellow Fever Virus in the Developing Chick Embryo.

Conclusions1. Yellow fever virus, unmodified strains as well as those adapted to tissue cultures in vitro, can be successfully cultivated in developing chick embryo. 2. Direct transfers can be maintained by the use of the chorio-allantoic membrane, embryonic fluid, or a suspension of minced tissues of the embryo. 3. A method of direct inoculation of the embryo in the egg with a tuberculin syringe and fine needle has been found satisfactory for routine use. 4. The virus strains studied showed no evidence of modification in the relatively few passages so far made.
Multimodal hyperspectral full-field quantitative phase microscopy

We developed a multimodal quantitative phase microscopy combining transmission and reflectance phase with spectroscopic characterization at high spectral resolution providing depth-resolved structure, accumulative phase shift and dispersion curve.
An investigation of diesel–ignited propane dual fuel combustion in a heavy-duty diesel engine

Abstract This paper presents a detailed experimental analysis of diesel–ignited propane dual fuel combustion on a 12.9-l, six-cylinder, production heavy-duty diesel engine. Gaseous propane was fumigated upstream of the turbocharger air inlet and ignited using direct injection of diesel sprays. Results are presented for brake mean effective pressures (BMEP) from 5 to 20 bar and different percent energy substituted (PES) by propane at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. The effect of propane PES on apparent heat release rates, combustion phasing and duration, fuel conversion and combustion efficiencies, and engine-out emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), smoke, carbon monoxide (CO), and total unburned hydrocarbons (HC) were investigated. Exhaust particle number concentrations and size distributions were also quantified for diesel–ignited propane combustion. With stock engine parameters, the maximum propane PES was limited to 86%, 60%, 33%, and 25% at 5, 10, 15, and 20 bar BMEPs, respectively, either by high maximum pressure rise rates (MPRR) or by excessive HC and CO emissions. With increasing PES, while fuel conversion efficiencies increased slightly at high BMEPs or decreased at low BMEPs, combustion efficiencies uniformly decreased. Also, with increasing PES, NOx and smoke emissions were generally decreased but these reductions were accompanied by higher HC and CO emissions. Exhaust particle number concentrations decreased with increasing PES at low loads but showed the opposite trends at higher loads. At 10 bar BMEP, by adopting a different fueling strategy, the maximum possible propane PES was extended to 80%. Finally, a limited diesel injection timing study was performed to identify the optimal operating conditions for the best efficiency-emissions-MPRR tradeoffs.
Canadian Scholars on Criminal Responsibility

This short review examines the work of four Canadian scholars addressing a variety of questions about criminal responsibility. The essays under review are a small part of a recent collection of essays entitled “Rethinking Criminal Law Theory: New Canadian Perspectives in the Philosophy of Domestic, Transnational, and International Criminal Law.”
Sustaining innovation when outsourcing components in multi-technology, multi-component systems

Firms producing multi-technology, multi-component systems are increasingly outsourcing selected components to achieve both reduced cost and enhanced innovation benefits. Given typical interdependence between innovation at the system and component levels, an important challenge for the system firm is to align innovation trajectories, priorities and pacing between the system and component firms and sustain overall system-level innovation over the longer term. We present two longitudinal case studies, drawn from the IT industry, which provide contrasting examples of outsourcing strategies in terms of the number of suppliers per component and the inter-firm arrangements that a system firm puts in place to align innovation. These cases help us to identify the range of outsourcing strategies that system firms could pursue and the factors which appear to influence which one is most appropriate.
Photoinduced Axial Ligation and Deligation Dynamics of Nonplanar Nickel Dodecaarylporphyrins

The ground- and excited-state metal-ligand dynamics of nonplanar nickel(II) 2,3,5,7,8,10,12,13,15,17,18,20-dodecaphenylporphyrin (NiDPP) and two fluorinated analogues (NiF(20)DPP and NiF(28)DPP) have been investigated using static and time-resolved absorption spectroscopy in toluene and in ligating media that differ in basicity, aromaticity, and steric encumbrance. Because of the electronic and steric consequences of nonplanarity, NiDPP does not bind axial ligands in the ground state, but metal coordination does occur after photoexcitation with multistep dynamics that depend on the properties of the ligand. Following the structural relaxations that occur in all nickel porphyrins within approximately 10 ps, ligand binding to photoexcited NiDPP is progressively longer in pyridine, piperidine, and 3,5-lutidine (25-100 ps) but does not occur at all in 2,6-lutidine in which the ligating nitrogen is sterically encumbered. The transient intermediate that is formed, which nominally could be either a five- or six-coordinate species, also has a ligand-dependent lifetime (200-550 ps). Decay of this intermediate occurs partially via ligand release to re-form the uncoordinated species, in competition with binding of the second axial ligand and/or conformational/electronic relaxations (of a six-coordinate intermediate) to give the ground state of the bis-ligated photoproduct. The finding that the photoproduct channel principally depends on ligand characteristics along with the time-evolving spectra suggests that the transient intermediate may involve a five-coordinate species. In contrast to NiDPP, the fluorinated analogues NiF(20)DPP and NiF(28)DPP do coordinate axial ligands in the ground state but eject them after photoexcitation. Collectively, these results demonstrate the sensitivity with which the electronic and structural characteristics of the macrocycle, substituents, and solvent (ligands) can govern the photophysical and photochemical properties of nonplanar porphyrins and open new avenues for exploring photoinduced ligand association and dissociation behavior.
3-D prestack depth migration of common-azimuth data

We extended the common-azimuth 3-D prestack migration method presented in a previous report (Biondi and Palacharla, 1994a) to the important case of imaging commonazimuth data when the velocity field varies laterally. This generalization leads to an efficient mixed space-wavenumber domain algorithm for 3-D prestack depth migration of common-azimuth data. We implemented the method using a split-step scheme, and applied it to the migration of two synthetic data sets: the first data set was generated assuming a vertical velocity gradient, the second one assuming a velocity gradient with both a vertical and a horizontal component. Common-azimuth migration correctly imaged the reflectors in both cases.
Non-refrigerant thermoelectric air conditioning technique on vehicles

An electrical compressor technique of thermoelectric (TE) based climate control system in passenger vehicles provides solid state design and construction, non-refrigerants and the ability of providing faster time to comfort, beltless solution that enables engine-off air conditioner operation and modified the adversely impact by belt-driven vapor compression air conditioners, improved efficiency of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater systems. A complete scale TE air conditioning module was designed and adjusted to appropriate performance with CAE analyzing approaches, the well designed module proceeded practically constructed and tested on vehicle system to validate the design concept. In the design, system integration and energy management algorithms have been improved to further increase system level efficiency. To analyze the COP and cooling ability of the TE vehicle cooling system, a mathematical model is proposed, and a robust control algorithm is applied. The test results are presented and discussed.
Substance Use Disorders and Adoption: Findings from a National Sample

Background Prior research has shown that adoptees have a higher rate of substance use disorders (SUDs) than nonadoptees. But these findings have not been verified with a population-based sample of adult adoptees in the United States. Also, no previous adoption study has measured the prevalence of each specific substance use disorder (SUD). We aimed to compare lifetime prevalence rates and odds ratios of SUDs in adopted and nonadopted adults.
Phosphorus Immobilization in Micropores of Drinking-Water Treatment Residuals: Implications for Long-Term Stability

Drinking-water treatment residuals (WTRs) can immobilize excess soil phosphorus (P), but little is known about the long-term P retention by WTRs. To evaluate the long-term P sorption characteristics of one Fe- and one Al-based WTR, physicochemical properties pertinent to time-dependency and hysteresis of P sorption were assessed. This study also investigated the P sorption mechanisms that could affect the long-term stability of sorbed P by WTRs. Phosphorus sorption kinetics by the WTRs exhibited a slow phase that followed an initial rapid phase, as typically occurs with metal hydroxides. Phosphorus sorption maxima for both Fe- and Al-based WTRs exceeded 9100 mg of P kg-1 and required a greater specific surface area (SSA) than would be available based on BET-N2 calculations. Electron microprobe analyses of cross-sectional, P-treated particles showed three-dimensional P sorption by WTRs. Carbon dioxide gas sorption was greater than N2, suggesting steric restriction of N2 diffusion by narrow micropore openin...
Size distributions of amylose and amylopectin solubilized from corn starch granules

Abstract Size distributions of extracts derived from starch were investigated to aid in elucidating structure-function relationships of these polymers in water. Starch granules derived from waxy maize and amylomaize VII were dissolved in water by microwave heating in a high pressure vessel. Transmission electron microscopy of starch deposited from dilute solution and rotary shadowed with platinum, revealed that amylopectin imaged from waxy maize could be broadly classified as about 28% circular space filling patches containing branched clusters and 72% asymmetric linear containing branched clusters. Lengths of asymmetric linear amylopectin components ranged from about 37 to 980 nm whereas the diameter of circular amylopectin components ranged from about 44 to 200 nm. Although the starch in amylomaize VII is about 70% amylose, its narrow asymmetric structure when visualized by microscopy enabled us to image amylose even though amylopectin was present. Lengths of components ranged from about 46 to 254 nm. After smoothing and curve fitting, we found that all size distributions investigated could be treated as if they were multimodal in nature. The most abundant amylose component had a linear density of 8.2 × 103 molar mass units/ nm. This value could be explained if amylose had an aggregation number of about 5.9.