cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TESTING THE LIMITS OF TSM: THE 1984 LOS ANGELES SUMMER OLYMPICS

This paper analyzes the impact of the transportation system management (TSM) program employed during the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics. Two issues are examined. First, the impact of the various elements of the TSM program on transportation system performance is measured by conducting a series of traffic simulation studies. The results show that TSM was an important contributing factor in the favorable traffic conditions experienced during the Olympics. Second, the potential of employing TSM as a long-term transportation policy strategy is assessed. It is concluded that the travel behavior changes that occurred in response to the TSM program were unique and short-term. Under ordinary circumstances, incentives do not exist to induce changes of the magnitude observed during the Olympics.
Amygdaloid lesions and social behavior in the golden hamster.

Abstract Changes in the amount and kind of social behavior were observed in male hamsters following amygdalectomy. In comparison to normals and operated controls, subjects with bilateral lesions of the amygdala showed a reduction in the total amount of social interaction with conspecifics. Frequency of aggressive behaviors was reduced in most preoperatively aggressive animals while submissive behavior was reduced in preoperatively submissive subjects. There was no change in the sequencing of behavioral acts and both preoperatively dominant and submissive animals retained their social status after surgery.
Big science, little science

In the USA, where I live and work, it is well known that I have little love for structural genomics—the attempt to determine the structures of most or all of the proteins in an organism by some combination of high‐throughput X‐ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and homology modelling. My reasons are a matter of public record: structural genomics is based on an assumption about the value of structural information that is obsolete; it leaches scarce resources away from individual projects for which structure determination has real value; its heralded technological innovations have been of limited use to the practicing scientist; and its value for training young scientists is nil. The relative worthlessness of structural genomics is self‐evident to me; the topic for any discussion should be how to phase it out in the least painful manner. But structural genomics is only a symptom. The real disease is the creeping hegemony of ‘big science’ over ‘little science’ and the issue of who sets priorities in biomedical research. Western science has been one of the triumphs of human endeavour but it is easy to overlook some of the reasons for that success. Generous public support of basic research is …
16S rDNA fingerprinting of rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with healthy and Phytophthora infected avocado roots

Molecular techniques employing 16S rDNA profiles generated by PCR-DGGE were used to detect changes in bacterial community structures of the rhizosphere of avocado trees during infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi and during repeated bioaugmentation with a disease suppressive fluorescent pseudomonad. When the 16S rDNA profiles were analyzed by multivariate analysis procedures, distinct microbial communities were shown to occur on healthy and infected roots. Bacterial communities from healthy roots were represented by simple DNA banding profiles, suggestive of colonization by a few predominant species, and were approximately 80% similar in structure. In contrast, roots that were infected with Phytophthora, but which did not yet show visible symptoms of disease, were colonized by much more variable bacterial communities that had significantly different community structures from those of healthy roots. Root samples from trees receiving repeated applications of the disease suppressive bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens st. 513 were free of Phytophthora infection, and had bacterial community structures that were similar to those of nontreated healthy roots. Sequence analysis of clones generated from four predominant bands cut from the DGGE gels revealed the presence of pseudomonads, as well as several previously unidentified bacteria. Differentiation of 16S rDNA profiles for healthy and infected roots suggests that rhizosphere bacterial community structure may serve as an integrative indicator of changes in chemical and biological conditions in the plant rhizosphere during the infection process.
Multilingualism vs. Monolingualism: The View from the USA and Its Interaction with Language Issues around the World.

Language policy is a mechanism determining the uses of language generally; here it examines the role of the English language in the emerging USA. Inspired by Spanish riches deriving from the ‘New World’ during the sixteenth century, the first English people to settle permanently in North America hoped for similar riches. In North America, the norm of language usage in the colonies remained that of the motherland until approximately the time of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). Thereafter, American English was no longer a variety of the English of London, but rather had entered its national period. (The developments in Canada were somewhat different.) Major arguments in defense of American English are presented in this paper to establish the strength of the belief, the names of key historical actors, and responsibility for the fascination with and dedication to American English. Simultaneously, dedication to American English has implied the responsibility of immigrants to learn it immediately, as...
Structural and Functional Consequences of Mutating Cysteine Residues in the Amino Terminus of Human Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 1

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette membrane transport superfamily and is responsible for multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Currently, there are nine known human MRPs. Distinct from many other members of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily, human MRP1 and four other MRPs have an additional membrane-spanning domain (MSD) with a putative extracellular amino terminus. The functional significance of this additional MSD (MSD1) is currently unknown. To understand the role of MSD1 in human MRP1 structure and function, we studied the amino-terminal 33 amino acids. We found that the amino terminus of human MRP1 has two cysteine residues (Cys(7) and Cys(32)) that are conserved among the five human MRPs that have MSD1. Mutation analyses of the two cysteines in human MRP1 revealed that the Cys(7) residue is critical for the MRP1-mediated drug resistance and leukotriene C(4) transport activity. On the other hand, mutation of Cys(32) reduced only moderately the MRP1 function. The effect of Cys(7) mutation on MRP1 activity appears to be due to the 5-7-fold decrease in the maximal transport rate V(max). We also found that mutation of Cys(7) changed the amino-terminal conformation of MRP1. This conformational change is likely responsible for the decrease in V(max) of LTC(4) transport mediated by the mutant MRP1. Based on these studies, we conclude that the amino terminus of human MRP1 is important and that the Cys(7) residue plays a critical role in maintaining the proper structure and function of human MRP1.
Unconscious Fantasy: A Once and Future Concept:

The concept of unconscious fantasy should be retained as fundamental to any psychoanalytic approach. The concept is reexamined in the face of two challenges: today's theoretical pluralism and the recent integration of findings from academic research. The first section reviews post-Freudian theoretical contributions to Freud's original concept, concluding that in its evolved form it is flexible enough to serve multiple perspectives. The second section examines four features identified with primary process thinking, demonstrating that a model of early mentation based on adult dream work cannot be supported by research on early development. However, the contemporary concept of unconscious fantasy is compatible with research findings from child development studies and cognitive neuroscience, permitting psychoanalysts to enter dialogue with those fields. Our contribution is not the posit of a new form of thinking (primary process) but an understanding of how general cognitive processes are enlisted for motivated purposes.
Theoretical performance of InAs/ InxGa1−xSb superlattice‐based midwave infrared lasers

We show that for appropriate layer widths the performance of ideal InAs/InxGa1−xSb superlattice‐based midwave injection lasers can be limited by radiative rather than Auger recombination. The threshold carrier densities and lifetimes are calculated over the 77–300 K temperature range at 3.5 μm. Lifetimes are obtained from detailed calculations of band‐to‐band Auger and radiative recombination rates based on realistic nonparabolic band structures. This system is therefore a promising new laser candidate.
The effects of progesterone, prostaglandin F2α and oxytocin on the calcium-activation of the uterus

The relationship between “activator-calcium” (A-Ca), progesterone (P), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and oxytocin (Oxy) has been examined in 100 uterine strips of 34 pregnant and 100 strips of 34 post partum rabbits. At the 25th day of gestation, uterine P was 13.9±1.3 ng/g, while within 3–12 hours post partum 3.3±0.3 ng/g tissue (P<0.001). Uterine strips, mounted isometrically in Krebs' solution, sustained maximum excitability in a steady state when exposed every 30 seconds for 4 seconds to an electric field of 12 V/5 cm (a.c.). The maximally contracting muscles were then rinsed at intervals of 6 minutes with Ca-free Krebs. In Ca-free Krebs, the post partum uterus lost 31% of its Ca and 96% of its excitability in a short 25 minutes, while the pregnant uterus lost 30% of its Ca and 93% of its excitability in 50 minutes (P<0.001). Since the extracellular space is ∼30% in the uterus, this ∼30% Ca, lost by both muscles, most probably was extracellular Ca and the small A-Ca fraction which is presumably “bound” more strongly at the membrane systems of the P-dominated pregnant, than the non-dominated post partum uterus. The significantly faster and more complete recovery from Ca-deficiency and inexcitability of the pregnant than the post partum uterus (P<0.001), at different levels of external Ca, further substantiates this premise. So does the demonstration that exposure to Ca-free Krebs increases 45Ca-efflux 400% in the post partum and only 110% in the pregnant uterus (P<0.001). Exposure to 100 ng/ml PGF2α in normal Krebs has a similar effect on the 45Ca-efflux of the post partum uterus, while the response of the pregnant uterus is indistinct (P<0.001). These highly significant differences between the post partum and the pregnant uteri in their Ca-efflux explain the higher threshold (P<0.001) and lower “sensitivity” to PGF2α and Oxy (P<0.001) of the pregnant than the post partum uterus. The already very highly significant differences between the two muscles, in threshold and sensitivity to these two most potent oxytocics, were increased still further by rendering the uterine strips Ca-deficient. All together, these findings substantiate the early contention (1–7,18,19) that uterine function at the cellular level is regulated by opposing actions of the suppressor P and the intrinsic stimulant PG or other oxytocic agents on threshold, excitability and the Ca-activation of the contractile process.
How Fast-Folding Proteins Fold

An outstanding challenge in the field of molecular biology has been to understand the process by which proteins fold into their characteristic three-dimensional structures. Here, we report the results of atomic-level molecular dynamics simulations, over periods ranging between 100 μs and 1 ms, that reveal a set of common principles underlying the folding of 12 structurally diverse proteins. In simulations conducted with a single physics-based energy function, the proteins, representing all three major structural classes, spontaneously and repeatedly fold to their experimentally determined native structures. Early in the folding process, the protein backbone adopts a nativelike topology while certain secondary structure elements and a small number of nonlocal contacts form. In most cases, folding follows a single dominant route in which elements of the native structure appear in an order highly correlated with their propensity to form in the unfolded state.
NI-32ENHANCING TUMOR RESPONSE USING QUANTITATIVE VOLUMETRY FROM T1 SUBTRACTION MAPS IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA TREATED WITH DENDRITIC CELL VACCINATION

PURPOSE: To ascertain the radiologic response and serial volumetric changes in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with dendritic cell (DC) vaccine using contrast enhanced (CE) T1-weighted subtraction maps. METHODS: MR images were acquired for fourteen patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent GBM. Genetic analyses and intratumoral histopathology were performed on all but one patient. Changes in CE tumor volumes were assessed with CE T1-weighted subtraction maps generated via voxel-wise subtraction of Gaussian-normalized signal intensities T1-weighted and CE T1-weighted images. Response criterion was determined as 25% reduction in the T1 subtraction CE tumor volume with respect to pre-vaccination baseline. Response stratification was tested as a predictor of PFS using log-rank univariate analysis. RESULTS: Four patients responded to the treatment within the first three months of treatment. Ten patients did not respond within the same period of time. One patient exhibited a growth pattern consistent with pseudo-progression between 100 and 300 days after vaccination. A significant difference in tumor growth rate (P = 0.0064) months between responders and non-responders was found within the first three months via linear regression. A preference for unfavorable response in MGMT unmethylated, EGFR amplified, and EGFRVIII mutated tumors, and favorable response in IDH1 mutant tumors was observed. A significantly longer PFS was found both from the opening date of the trial for each patient (Log-rank, P = 0.0149) and from the date of first vaccination (Log-rank, P = 0.0440) for responders versus non-responders. CONCLUSION: The clinical utility of T1 subtraction maps for tumor visualization and burden evaluation was shown. Response outcomes to DC vaccine therapy become apparent within the first three months of following treatment. Mischaracterization of pseudo-progression in the context of DC vaccine therapy for malignant glioma may not be a major concern. Genetic analyses and histopathological considerations may be a component in assessing treatment response to immunotherapy in malignant gliomas.
A triple-head SPECT system with parallel-hole collimators of different acceptance angles

We proposed to use three different parallel-hole collimators for a triple-head SPECT system. One of the collimators had a small collimator acceptance angle to provide ultra-high spatial resolution and the other two had larger collimator acceptance angles to achieve high counts. A new 2D reconstruction algorithm that combined the data acquired from different collimators was derived to take advantages of both high resolution and high sensitivity. The algorithm was evaluated using a computer-simulated matrix of spherical sources. For noise-free data, the accuracy (mainly determined by spatial resolution) obtained from combination of the collimator acceptance angles of 1.35, 4.05 and 6.75 degrees (or 1.35, 5.40 and 9.45 degrees) was slightly inferior to that obtained from three same LEHR collimators (with a 2.70 degrees collimator acceptance angle). This is because the modulation transfer function (MTF) resulting from three different collimators decreases more quickly at low frequencies but becomes comparable at high frequencies as compared with the MTF of the 2.70 degrees collimator. With noisy data, however, the image quality obtained with three different collimators was better than that resulting from any combinations of three same collimators. The improvement was only achieved by using the derived algorithm, while the conventional FBP algorithm did not improve image quality even with the same collimator configuration.
Data Logging: Higher-Level Capturing and Multi-Level Abstracting of User Activities

Data logging has been a standard, but under utilized, software evaluation technique for single-user systems. Large volumes of objective data can be collected automatically and unobtrusively. This data, however, is usually in the form of low-level system events, making it difficult to analyze and interpret meaningfully. In this paper we extend traditional logging approaches to collaborative multi-user (groupware) systems. We also show how data captured at a higher level of abstraction can characterize user-system interaction more meaningfully. Lastly, we show how higher-level data abstracted from logging can be more effectively combined with data from other usability methods.
The Establishment of Open Articulatory Postures by Deaf and Hearing Talkers

Previous researchers have proposed that prelingually deafened talkers do not displace the tongue body to establish vowel steady-state postures and displace the jaw excessively. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the opening gesture lingual displacement patterns of three deaf and two hearing adult talkers. Cinefluorography and x-ray microbeam data indicated that the deaf subjects displaced their tongue bodies during the opening gestures. However, their glossal movement trajectories were qualitatively dissimilar to those of the hearing subjects. Whereas the hearing subjects moved the tongue differently for different vowel contexts, the deaf subjects had similar trajectories for all contexts. The common trajectories suggest that some deaf talkers contract their tongue muscles such that the tongue body moves similarly for all vowels. The deaf subjects also appeared to have a less flexible tongue body during speech production than the hearing subjects. Means for quantifying and comparing the lin...
Is partial epilepsy progressive? Ten-year follow-up of EEG and neuropsychological changes in adults with partial seizures

Summary: Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine what changes, if any, occur in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and in neuropsychological test findings of adults with medically intractable complex partial epilepsy over a 10-year period. Methods: We studied 35 adults, with a mean age of 32 years (range, 16–59 years) at time of initial testing. We compared the distribution of epileptiform patterns documented on the initial pair of waking and sleeping EEGs to those observed on another pair obtained 10 years later. During this same 10-year period, we also examined changes in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and on the tests from the Neuropsychological Battery for Epilepsy. Results: The EEGs of 28 (80%) of patients at the tenth year were identical to those seen initially. Five (14%) of patients demonstrated EEGs after 10 years with either no discharges or only unilateral discharges, where bilateral discharges were seen a decade earlier. Only two (6%) of patients had EEGs at the tenth year that showed bilateral discharges where only unilateral discharges were seen originally. We found no general change in intelligence or neuropsychological functioning after 10 years, although a few subtle losses were noted on several neuropsychological measures. Conclusions: For most adults with medically intractable complex partial epilepsy, the EEG and neuropsychological test scores remain reasonably stable over a decade.
Overall Instantaneous Viscoplastic Properties of Composites

A computer procedure was developed to analyze viscoplasticity and strain rate effects of continuous fiber reinforced composite materials. The procedure provides the overall instantaneous moduli, coefficients of thermal expansion and micromechanical stresses and strains. It was implemented with the help of a displacement formulation of the finite element method and a periodic hexagonal array microstructural model. It also can be adapted to evaluate instantaneous overall viscoplastic properties at integration points in finite element analyses of composite structures. This procedure was primarily developed to simulate the viscoplastic response of an aramid/epoxy laminate, used in the production of ARALL® laminates, in an off-axis tension test.
Forskolin and phorbol esters decrease the same K+ conductance in cultured oligodendrocytes.

Cultured ovine oligodendrocytes (OLGs) express a number of voltage-dependent potassium currents after they attach to a substratum and as they begin to develop processes. At 24–48 hours following plating, an outward potassium current can be identified that represents a composite response of a rapidly inactivating component and a steady-state or noninactivating component. After 4–7 days in culture, OLGs also develop an inward rectifier current. We studied the effects of forskolin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on OLG outward currents. These compounds are known to alter the myelinogenic metabolism of OLGs. PMA, an activator of protein kinase C (PK-C), has been shown to enhance myelin basic protein phosphorylation while forskolin acting on adenylate cyclase, and thereby increasing cAMP, inhibits it. Both forskolin and PMA increase the phosphorylation of 2′3′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, an OLG/myelin protein. We found that forskolin decreased the steady-state outward current at 120 mV by 10% at 100nm, and by 72% at 25 μm from a holding potential of −80 mV. The time course of inactivation of the peak currents was decreased, affecting both the fast and slow time constants. There was no significant change in the steady-state parameters of current activation and inactivation. The effect of forskolin was attenuated when the adenylate cyclase inhibitor adenosine (2mm) was present in the intracellular/pipette filling solution. The results of PMA experiments were similar to those obtained with forskolin. Whereas the amplitude of the currents in the presence of PMA was reduced by 28% at 1.5nm and 60% and 600nm, the decay phase of the peak currents was less affected. The PMA effect could still be seen when the intracellular Ca2+ was reduced to ≤10nm with 5mm BAPTA, but was inhibited when the cells were pre-exposed to 50 μm psychosine, a PK-C inhibitor. It is postulated that the potassium currents in OLG can be physiologically modulated by two distinct second-messenger systems, perhaps converging at the level of a common phosphorylated enzyme or regulatory protein.
A characterization of the Stolarsky mean

In this paper, we give a new characterization of the Stolarsky means for two positive numbers. Our result generalizes a result due to Liu [5].
A Performance Improvement Plan to Increase Nurse Adherence to Use of Medication Safety Software

Nurses can protect patients receiving intravenous (IV) medication by using medication safety software to program "smart" pumps to administer IV medications. After a patient safety event identified inconsistent use of medication safety software by nurses, a performance improvement team implemented the Deming Cycle performance improvement methodology. The combined use of improved direct care nurse communication, programming strategies, staff education, medication safety champions, adherence monitoring, and technology acquisition resulted in a statistically significant (p < .001) increase in nurse adherence to using medication safety software from 28% to above 85%, exceeding national benchmark adherence rates (Cohen, Cooke, Husch & Woodley, 2007; Carefusion, 2011).
Insecticidal volatiles from the marigold plant (genustagetes). Effect of species and sample manipulation

Volatiles from three species of the genustagetes, commonly called marigold have been isolated and characterized. Simultaneous steam distillation extractions (SSDE) produced consistently extracts of higher insecticidal activity than Soxhlet extractions. Methylene chloride was the best solvent. Volatiles isolated from theminutae species showed higher activity than those frompatula anderecta. Comparison of extracts from the flower, foliage and roots of the plant showed that most of the activity is located in the flower. The volatiles are highly effective toward both larvae and adult mosquitoes.
Divorced mothers' gender role ideology, locus of control, and disciplinary patterns

This study examined gender role ideology, locus of control, and disciplinary patterns of divorced mothers. Data were gathered from 135 divorced mothers and their elementary school-aged children. Eighty-five percent of the subjects were white and 15% were nonwhite (African American, Hispanic, and Native American). Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine variations in child-rearing patterns explained by locus of control and gender ideology. Child-rearing patterns included four parental attitudes. The basic hypothesis that gender role ideology and locus of control are personal resources that influence child-rearing patterns of divorced mothers received clear support. These findings suggest that the relation between single parenthood and child socialization patterns are complex and that sociocognitive beliefs play an important role in single mothers' child-rearing choices.
Evaluation of Impaction Force of Nasal Sprays and Metered-Dose Inhalers Using the Texture Analyser☆

The impaction force from an inhalation product is an important characteristics by which to characterize the spray plume. It is one of the plume characteristics that can be perceived by a patient, and is expected to be good measures of local delivery equivalence for inhalation drugs. A Stable Micro Systems TA-XT.plus Texture Analyser equipped with 750 g load cell was used to measure the impaction force of several nasal sprays and metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). A survey of several commercial nasal spray and MDI products shows that impaction forces of these products varies from 1.5 to 6.5 g force and are significantly different from each other. A 3-level, 4-factor Box-Behnken design was applied to the study of impaction force of nasal sprays using placebo solutions. The influences of four factors: actuation stroke length, actuation velocity, concentration of gelling agent, and concentration of surfactant, were investigated. Of those factors examined here, actuation velocity exerts the greatest effect on impaction force. Impaction force is a discriminative parameter for in vitro testing of nasal spray and MDI products. Since impaction force is more directly related to patient sensation and aerosol deposition in the nasal mucus than other, more traditional parameters, it may provide a better way to evaluate in vitro equivalence in support of abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs) for orally inhaled and nasal drug products.
Influenza B Infection Complicated by Patent Foramen Ovale and High Altitude Pulmonary Edema

A 34-year-old man presented to a clinic at a ski resort in the Rocky Mountains at 9000 feet (2743 m) with shortness of breath and fatigue, a few days after arriving to altitude from sea level. He was found to be hypoxic with radiographic findings consistent with high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). He was treated with high flow oxygen, steroids, and calcium channel blockers and transferred to a lower altitude tertiary care hospital for intensive care unit monitoring and further treatment. During his diagnostic evaluation, he was found to have both a patent foramen ovale and influenza B infection. While patent foramen ovale is a known risk factor for HAPE, there is also some evidence that upper respiratory tract infections in general and influenza in particular may also be risk factors for HAPE. The 2 diseases may share an underlying pulmonary pathophysiology, as both cause noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and alveolar hemorrhage. We report an unusual case of influenza B virus compounded by previously undiagnosed patent foramen ovale, travel to high altitude, and subsequent development of HAPE.
Gender Clues and Cues: Online Interactions as Windows into Lay Theories about Men and Women

The Internet allows the process of “doing gender” (West & Zimmerman, 1987) to be examined in ways previously unavailable. In the studies presented here, dyads conversed online while (a) knowing or, (b) not knowing each other's gender, or (c) with one participant feigning the opposite gender. Not knowing gender had a surprisingly small effect on the interaction. The results further suggested that successful detection of categorical gender when it is not known may be limited to circumstances in which conversational content is gender stereotypical, and particularly when it surrounds gendered interests or activities, yet these topics occurred infrequently in spontaneous conversation. The results have implications for a theoretically broad understanding of how gender manifests in social life.
OPTIMAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR GIVEN STIFFNESS IN STATIONARY CREEP.

Eine allgemeine Methode der optimalen Tragwerksbemessung fur vorgeschriebene Steifigkeit in stationarem Kriechen wird am Beispiel einer Scheibe mit veranderlicher Dicke erlautert, die gegebene Lasten langs eines Teils ihrer Berandung tragt und langs der ubrigen Berandung starr unterstutzt ist. Fur einen vorgeschriebenen Wert der Kriechsteifigkeit (=Leistung der Lasten an den Geschwindigkeiten des stationaren Kriechens) soll die Scheibe mit dem geringst moglichen Aufwand eines bestimmten Materials mit bekannten Kriecheigenschaften ausgefuhrt werden.
Variability in Hunter-Gatherer Seasonal Mobility in the Southern Levant: From the Mousterian to the Natufian

Evidence for the season of occupation of several deeply stratified cave sites from the Levant demonstrate that there have been major changes in hunter-gatherer mobility patterns between the Middle Palaeolithic and the Natufian. Models of hunter-gatherer mobility and resource acquisition strategies based on the current distribution of plant, animal, and technological resources in the southern Levant are tested using seasonal data on gazelle exploitation derived from cementum increment analysis. The strategy of seasonal mobility from habitat to habitat appears to be a quintessential behavior for modern human hunter-gatherers throughout the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic and until the end of the Epipalaeolithic. This pattern contrasts with the less mobile strategy associated with archaic humans.
A predominantly articular cartilage-associated gene, SCRG1, is induced by glucocorticoid and stimulates chondrogenesis in vitro

Summary Objective Cartilage tissue engineering using multipotential human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is a promising approach to develop treatment for degenerative joint diseases. A key requirement is that the engineered tissues maintain their hyaline articular cartilage phenotype and not proceed towards hypertrophy. It is noteworthy that osteoarthritic articular cartilage frequently contains limited regions of reparative cartilage, suggesting the presence of bioactive factors with regenerative activity. Based on this idea, we recently performed cDNA microarray analysis to identify genes that are strongly expressed only in articular cartilage and encode secreted gene products. One of the genes that met our criteria was SCRG1 . This study aims to analyze SCRG1 function in cartilage development using an in vitro mesenchymal chondrogenesis system. Methods Full-length SCRG1 cDNA was subcloned into pcDNA5 vector, and transfected into hMSCs and murine C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal cells, placed in pellet cultures and micromass cultures, respectively. The cultures were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the expression of SCRG1 and cartilage marker genes, and by histological staining for cartilage phenotype. Results Induction of SCRG1 expression was seen during in vitro chondrogenesis, and was dependent on dexamethasone (DEX) known to promote chondrogenesis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that SCRG1 protein was localized to the extracellular matrix. Forced expression of SCRG1 in hMSCs suppressed their proliferation, and stimulated chondrogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells, confirmed by reduced collagen type I and elevated collagen type IIB expression. Conclusion These results suggest that SCRG1 is involved in cell growth suppression and differentiation during DEX-dependent chondrogenesis. SCRG1 may be of utility in gene-mediated cartilage tissue engineering.
On the capacity region of asynchronous channels

We consider asynchronous communication over discrete memoryless channels. The transmitter starts sending one block codeword of length N at an instant that is uniformly distributed within a certain time period A, which represents the level of asynchronism between the transmitter and the receiver. The receiver, by means of a sequential decoder, must isolate the message without knowing when the codeword transmission starts but being cognizant of the asynchronism level. Motivated by certain monitoring type of applications, we are interested in communication strategies that 1) operate with short codeword length with respect to the asynchronism level and 2) that guarantee quick decoding. In a recent work the authors showed that the communication rate - defined with respect to the decoder's reaction delay to the sent message - can be strictly positive unless A grows faster than lscrNa and alpha exceeding the synchronization threshold. The present work focuses on the regime where a is smaller than the synchronization threshold. The main contribution consists of simple expressions that give upper and lower bounds on the highest achievable rate for any alpha below the synchronization threshold. For random code constructions these bounds are tight.
Moisture sorption characteristics of freeze dried blueberries

Moisture sorption isotherms of freeze dried lowbush blueberries at 4, 16, 25, 35, and 45°C were determined using indirect gravimetric method. Moisture sorption kinetics at these temperatures and 75% RH were also investigated. The isotherms followed a type III shape with a temperature inversion effect at 0.9 water activity. They were best described by the GAB equation. Net isosteric heat of moisture sorption in freeze dried blueberries, determined using the Clausius Clapeyron equation, varied from 5.5 to 0.25 kJ/mol as moisture content changed from 8 to 36% (dry basis). Moisture adsorption kinetics in freeze dried blueberries were well described by the first order kinetics equation. The rate constant followed the Arrhenius relationship with an activation energy of 38.6 kJ/mol.
The Impact of Split Adjusting and Rounding on Analysts' Forecast Error Calculations

This study finds that analysts' forecast data files, commonly used by accountants and financial analysts to estimate market expectations about earnings announcements, contain inaccurate historical data for companies that split their common stock. These inaccuracies result because stock split adjustments are made retrospectively and split‐adjusted data are rounded. Moreover, because well‐performing firms are more likely to execute stock splits, the consequences of the stock split problem are systematic, potentially distorting both time‐series and cross‐sectional characteristics of forecast errors. The analysis also demonstrates that the problem can influence interpretations of security price reactions to earnings announcements. To illustrate this point, we report evidence suggesting that errors induced by rounding split‐adjusted data alter conclusions about how investors interpret earnings that meet, but do not exceed, the consensus forecast.
Phytoremediation of an Arsenic-Contaminated Site Using Pteris vittata L.: A Two-Year Study

A field study was conducted to determine the efficiency of Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.), an arsenic hyperaccumulator, on removal of arsenic from soil at an arsenic-contaminated site. Chinese brake ferns were planted on a site previously used to treat wood with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Arsenic concentrations in surface and profile soil samples were determined for 2000, 2001, and 2002. In both 2001 and 2002, senesced and senescing fronds only, as well as all fronds, were harvested. Frond arsenic concentrations were not significantly different between the three harvests. Compared to senesced fronds, live fronds resulted in the greatest amount of arsenic removal. There were no significant differences in soil arsenic concentrations between 2000, 2001, and 2002, primarily due to the extreme variability in soil arsenic concentrations. However, the mean surface soil arsenic was reduced from 190 to 140 mg kg(-1). Approximately 19.3 g of arsenic were removed from the soil by Chinese brake fern. Therefore, this fern is capable of accumulating arsenic from the CCA -contaminated site and may be competitive, in terms of cost, to conventional remediation systems. However, better agronomic practices are needed to enhance plant growth and arsenic uptake to obtain maximum soil arsenic removal and to minimize remediation time.
Radioisotope Scintigraphy for the Study of Dynamics of Amine Regulation by the Human Lung

Although it is well established from animal perfusion studies that the lung can remove and deactivate circulating vasoactive amines, the significance of this possible regulatory function and its relationship to lung disease, drug therapy, and anesthesia has been difficult to determine in humans largely due to the lack of a safe, noninvasive technique for such an evaluation. We have sought to use suitable tracer molecules labeled with radioactive nuclides which decay by the emission of radiation which can be detected outside the body barrier as a probe for this aspect of lung metabolism both in animals and humans.
An Efficient Algorithm for Mining Coherent Patterns from Heterogeneous Microarrays

DNA microarray techniques present a novel way for geneticists to monitor interactions among tens of thousands of genes simultaneously, and have become standard lab routines in gene discovery, disease diagnosis, and drug design. There has been extensive research on coherent subspace clustering of gene expressions measured under consistent experimental settings. This implies that all experiments are run using the same batch of microarray chips with similar characteristics of noise. Algorithms developed under this assumption may not be applicable for analyzing data collected from heterogeneous settings, where the set of genes being monitored may be different and expression levels may be not directly comparable even for the same gene. In this paper, we propose a model, F-cluster, for mining subspace coherent patterns from heterogeneous gene expression data, which is shown effective for revealing truthful patterns and reducing spurious ones. We also develop an efficient and scalable hybrid approach that combines gene-pair based and sample-pair based pruning to generate F-clusters from multiple gene expression matrices simultaneously. The experimental results demonstrate that our model can discover significant clusters that may not be identified by previous models.
Near-field scanning optical microscopy of colloidal CdSe nanowires

We have developed a nano-optical technique using diffraction-limited far-field fluorescence monitoring of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) experiments. The technique was combined with time-resolved (TR) spectroscopy and was used to study the emission properties of single colloidal CdSe nanowires (NWs) with spatial resolution ∼100 nm. The use of this novel technique reveals a critical role of organic suspensions in optical experiments with single colloidal nanostructures. We observed that organic suspensions form a viscous shell which acts as a nano-lens providing efficient coupling of excited and emitted photons to the NW. We demonstrate that physical distortion of the shell produced by the near-field probe affects the emission dynamics of single NWs. Temperature dependent measurements show that the emission decay of a colloidal NW is dominated by size-dependent non-radiative recombination.
A multi-port current source model for multiple-input switching effects in CMOS library cells

The problem of multiple-input switching (MIS) has been mostly ignored by the timing CAD community. Not modeling MIS for timing can result in as much as 100% error in stage delay and slew calculation. The impact is especially severe on stages immediately after a bank of flops, where the inputs have a high probability of arriving simultaneously. Other problems such as modeling of interconnect loads, complex (nonlinear/nonmonotonic) input waveforms, power-droop impact on cell delay, nonlinear input capacitances, delay variations due to cross-capacitance, etc. are also known sources of error. In this paper, we introduce the multi-port current source model (MCSM). MCSM can efficiently handle an arbitrary number of simultaneously switching inputs, including single-input switching (SIS). Moreover, MCSM is comprehensive in that other modeling problems associated with delay and noise computation are elegantly covered. We demonstrate the applicability of MCSM on a large 65 nm industrial test-case. For cells experiencing MIS, the model yields delay and slew-rate errors within /spl plusmn/5% for 88.3% and 93.0% of the cases, respectively. We also present data that show that MCSM is an effective receiver model which captures active loading effects without incurring significant additional error. MCSM makes combined cell-level timing, noise, and power analysis a possibility.
Signals of a disoriented chiral condensate.

AbstractIf a disoriented chiral condensate is created over an extended space-timeregion following a rapid cooling in hadronic or nuclear collisions, the misalign-ment of the condensate with the electroweak symmetry breaking can generateobservable eﬀects in the processes which involve both strong and electromag-netic interactions. We point out the relevance of the dilepton decay of lightvector mesons as a signal for formation of the disoriented condensate. We pre-dict that the decay ρ 0 → l + l − will be suppressed and/or the ρ resonance peakwidens, while the decay ω → l + l − will not be aﬀected by the condensate. PACS numbers: 11.30.Rd, 13.40.Hq, 13.85.-t ∗ This work was supported by the Director, Oﬃce of Energy Research, Oﬃce of High Energy andNuclear Physics, Divisions of High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics of the U.S. Department ofEnergy under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098, and in part by the U.S. National Science Foundationunder grantPHY90-21139,and by the NaturalSciences and EngineeringResearchCouncil ofCanada.
THE EFFECT OF SPACED REPETITION ON MEANINGFUL RETENTION.

(1965). The Effect of Spaced Repetition on Meaningful Retention. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 147-150.
Intrapericardial Triamcinolone Administration for Autoreactive Pericarditis

Objective:To review published literature regarding the safety and effectiveness of intrapericardial triamcinolone for the treatment of autoreactive pericarditis.Data Sources:Searches of MEDLINE (1966–June 2010) and Cochrane Database (1993–June 2010) were conducted. Limits included articles published in English reporting on human subjects. Additional data were identified through bibliographic reviews.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All English-language articles identified from the data sources were evaluated. Trials, studies, and case reports were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated the safety and/or efficacy of intrapericardial triamcinolone for the management of autoreactive pericarditis.Data Synthesis:Systemic corticosteroids offer an effective treatment option for autoreactive pericarditis; however, their use is limited by adverse effects and they are an independent risk factor for pericarditis recurrence. One case series and 3 open-label trials evaluating intrapericardial triamcinolone for th...
A “World-Historical Idea”: The St. Louis Hegelians and the Civil War

The St. Louis Hegelians existed as a loosely organized group from approximately 1858 to 1880. Before the Civil War they participated in the St. Louis Literary and Philosophical Society which dissolved when most of its members left the city to fight in the war. After the guns fell silent, a few of these “respectable vagabonds,” most notably Henry Conrad Brokmeyer and William Torrey Harris, organized the St. Louis Philosophical Society in January 1866. Both organizations were part of a larger “St. Louis Movement” which included an art club, an Aristotle club, a Shakespeare society, the St. Louis Academy of Science, the St. Louis Philharmonic Society, and the Academy of Useful Science. All of these organizations were primarily composed of local professionals – public school teachers and administrators, judges, and attorneys.
Marketing Functions Performed by Dealers in Stolen Property

Law enforcement agencies are becoming more interested in disrupting the channels of distribution for stolen property. Unfortunately, marketing literature is largely devoid of research dealing with the marketing behavior of stolen property dealers. This paper describes the marketing functions performed by “fences” in Colorado.
Stochastic variational inequalities: single-stage to multistage

Variational inequality modeling, analysis and computations are important for many applications, but much of the subject has been developed in a deterministic setting with no uncertainty in a problem's data. In recent years research has proceeded on a track to incorporate stochasticity in one way or another. However, the main focus has been on rather limited ideas of what a stochastic variational inequality might be. Because variational inequalities are especially tuned to capturing conditions for optimality and equilibrium, stochastic variational inequalities ought to provide such service for problems of optimization and equilibrium in a stochastic setting. Therefore they ought to be able to deal with multistage decision processes involving actions that respond to increasing levels of information. Critical for that, as discovered in stochastic programming, is introducing nonanticipativity as an explicit constraint on responses along with an associated "multiplier" element which captures the "price of information" and provides a means of decomposition as a tool in algorithmic developments. That idea is extended here to a framework which supports multistage optimization and equilibrium models while also clarifying the single-stage picture.
Study of the Effects of Smart Meter RF Transmissions on GFCI Outlets

Research and development are currently being performed to transform the US's utility electric grid into a “smart grid [1], [2].” Smart meters are among the first intelligent metering devices used within the “smart grid” concept. They have been deployed in thousands of commercial and residential electrical installations around the US [3], [4]. While the wide-scale deployment of these devices has initially proven very successful, there is still much that is unknown about how they will impact the long-term operation of a large utility grid or the electrical devices sourced by them [5]. One such device, whose operation appears to be impacted by the smart meter, under specific conditions, is a ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI). It has been reported that the RF transmissions from smart meters can induce false tripping events on GFCI outlets installed on temporary construction poles. In an effort to understand why this may happen, a research study, which is presented here, has been performed to understand the correlation between RF transmissions and GFCI tripping events on construction poles.