cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Production and characterization of T cell clones specific for mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM: in vivo and in vitro analysis.

Mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM, is a coronavirus capable of inducing both acute and chronic central nervous system disease. To characterize the cell-mediated immune response directed toward JHMV antigens, we have generated and analyzed the properties of four T cell clones reactive to JHMV antigens. All four clones are of the Ly-1+2- phenotype and show an antigen-specific, I-Ab-restricted proliferative response that is dependent on antigen-presenting cells (APC). The fine specificity of I-A restriction was revealed by their differential recognition of JHMV antigen in the context of mutant I-A molecules present on B6.C-H-2bm12 APC. Two clones were unable to recognize JHMV antigen presented on bm12 APC, whereas a third clone showed an equivalent response with both bm12 and wild type B6 APC. In the analysis of the viral specificity, three of the clones showed distinct cross-reactions with MHV-2 and very little if any cross-reaction with MHV-A59. In addition, three of three clones tested responded well to sucrose gradient-purified, UV-inactivated JHMV, indicating that their specificity is directed toward virus structural rather than nonstructural proteins. Finally, two of the clones were analyzed for their ability to induce a DTH reaction when injected together with antigen into the footpads of various mouse strains. Consistent with the in vitro data, both clones produced a marked DTH response only in those strains carrying the I-Ab genotype. These data demonstrate, both in vivo and in vitro, that at least one component of the cell-mediated immune response to JHMV is characterized by an Ly-1+2-, I-A-restricted T cell specific for JHMV structural proteins.
Enhancements of the Finite Difference Time Domain Method

There are two major challenging issues encountered in using the conventional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods for solving electromagnetic field problems, namely, reducing the errors introduced by the staircasing approximation used to model objects with curved surfaces, and the dispersion effects when the number of cells per wavelength is not sufficiently large. In the first part of this article, we describe a conformal FDTD scheme that mitigates the staircasing error, regardless of whether we are dealing with PEC or dielectric objects. Next, we go on to discuss the multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) method for the purpose of reducing the dispersive error introduced by large cell sizes in the conventional FDTD scheme. Several representative examples are employed to validate both of the proposed techniques. Keywords: computational electromagnetics; numerical techniques; FDTD; conformal FDTD; MRTD; microwave circuits and antennas
The Restatement of Employment Law is the Wrong Project

When the American Law Institute’s Council announced that the Institute would begin work on a Restatement of Employment Law, it, like all other projects since I have been an ALI member, sprang forth with no input from the general membership about undertaking the project in a particular area, what type of project it should be and who should be its Reporters and its Advisory group. I suppose the best that can be said about how this happened is that the principle of never doing anything the first time appeared to rule: The ALI is an institution with very strong traditions and they were followed. Although I had no input in how the project was framed or staffed and disagreed with the decision to start work in the labor and employment area with a Restatement, I thought it was my duty as a member to get involved and so I joined the only role available to the general membership before participation at the annual meeting and that was to join the Consultative Members Group. It is open to all members. As the project has progressed, I am only further convinced that a Restatement of the common law was the wrong place for the ALI to start work in the labor and employment law area.
An application for tree detection using satellite imagery and vegetation data

Virtual reconstruction of large landscapes from satellite imagery can be a time-consuming task due to the number of objects that must be extracted. Poor image resolution and noise hinder automatic detection processes and thus must be corrected by the user. This paper describes an application that allows the user to guide the automatic detection of trees from satellite imagery and spatial vegetation data. The requirements of the system are specified and an architecture that satisfies these constraints is presented. The resulting application provides an intuitive computer-aided method for the selection and classification of trees.
The methodology of integrating SAP solution manager with BPEL relevant solfwares

BPEL stands for Business Process Execution Language, it is a kind of specification for process modeling and execution. And many process management products are developed based on or imitates to it, such as IBM Business Process Manager, Websphere Business Modeler, etc. On the other hand, SAP Solution Manager (SSM) provides its own process management tool to create/update/remove SAP process which is workflow of SAP transaction, program, etc. And SAP transaction and program and so on are the key components of SAP ERP system. First of all, SSM is much tidy than BPEL and it follows part of BPEL specification in other words. Secondly, SAP exposes special Web services for third-party software to integrate SAP process. The above two reasons make it possible to integrate SSM with the products which follow the BPEL specification. After that, the BPEL products will be able to support the capacities to manage SAP processes. That would bring huge benefits for the companies who are involved in selling software and designing mobile solutions with the BPEL products for clients with a strong SAP adoption base. So it has extremely high research value. This paper describes the methods to synchronize BPEL process model and SSM process model, including exporting BPEL to SSM, updating/importing SSM to BPEL, viewing synchronization report, etc. It purposes the model comparison algorithm, and the design of SSM model. Not only that, we also take care of the performance of the comparison algorithm based on the web services provided by SSM.
Heart muscle contraction oscillation

van der Pol developed a mathematical model for self-sustained radio oscillations described by his non-linear differential equation D2X + epsilon(X2-1)DX + X = 0 in which X is a function of time T and D/DT the differential operator to T. For epsilon = 0, this is the differential equation for the harmonic oscillator which has sinusoidal solutions. For epsilon not equal to 0 the equation is non-linear. If epsilon > 1 van der Pol coined the name relaxation oscillations for its solutions. These are non-linear and quite different from simple sinusoidal oscillations. They are mathematical models for many physical and biological phenomena. van der Pol suggested that his equation is also a model for the heartbeat. However, biomedical oscillations, including the heartbeat, have a threshold which the mathematical model described by van der Pol's equation does not possess. It has, in addition to an unstable origin, only a stable limit cycle of Poincare. In this paper, van der Pol's equation is extended in such a way that it has in addition to a stable origin and a stable limit cycle, an unstable limit cycle. Because it possesses such an unstable limit cycle, the extension obtained is a mathematical model for a threshold oscillation. It is also shown that an asymmetric analogy of the extended equation is a mathematical model for an isometric contraction of the mammalian cardiac muscle.
Purification and polymerization properties of two lethal yeast actin mutants.

Abstract The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a single actin gene and the gene product, actin, is essential for growth. Two mutants of yeast actin that do not support yeast growth were prepared from yeast by coexpressing the mutant and a 6-histidine-tagged wild-type actin followed by separation of the wild-type and mutant actin using Ni-NTA chromatography as described elsewhere [Buzan, J., Du, J., Karpova, T., and Frieden, C. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 2823–2827]. The mutations, in muscle actin numbering, were at positions 334 (Glu334Lys) and 168 (Gly168Arg) and were chosen based on phenotypic changes observed in the behavior of actin mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans. Glu334 is located on the surface of actin between subdomains 1 and 3 while Gly168 is located in a region near actin–actin contacts in the actin filament. The Glu334Lys mutant polymerized slightly faster than wild-type yeast actin, suggesting that loss of interactions with some actin binding protein, rather than loss of actin–actin contacts, was responsible for its inability to support yeast growth. The Gly168Arg mutant polymerized at a rate similar to wild-type but the extent was considerably less, kinetic characteristics suggesting a high critical concentration (ca. 4 μM) without a large change in the ability to form nuclei for the nucleation–elongation process.
Make mild moments memorable: add a little arousal

In a recent paper Anderson and colleagues reported that emotionally arousing stimuli enhance long-term memory of immediately preceding neutral stimuli. The findings fit well with the perseveration-consolidation hypothesis and with extensive evidence from both human and animal studies indicating that arousal-induced modulation of memory is mediated by β-noradrenergic activation of the amygdala.
Comparison of interfacial characteristics of adhesive bonding to superficial versus deep dentine using SEM and staining techniques.

Summary Objectives A primary reason for premature failure of Class II composite restorations is recurrent decay at the gingival margin. The integrity of the gingival margin depends on the bond formed with dentine. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histomorphologic technique, the purpose of this study was to characterise the adhesive/dentine (a/d) bond in dentine sections from the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ) and the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) with commercial adhesives of varying hydrophobic/hydrophilic composition. Materials and methods The occlusal 1/3 of the crown was removed from 20 human third molars, this exposed the surface used for the DEJ sections. The teeth were sectioned occluso-gingivally into equal halves: one-half representing the DEJ; the remaining half was sectioned 4 mm deep to the exposed surface (CEJ). Each half was treated with the same adhesive. The teeth were randomly selected for treatment with Single Bond (SB, 3 M) or Dentastic UNO (UNO, Pulpdent) using wet bonding technique as per manufacturers' instructions. Thin (3–5 μm) sections of native a/d interfaces were cut and stained with Goldner's trichrome for light microscopic (LM) examination. Companion slabs were polished and acid-bleach treated, then analysed with SEM. Results DEJ sections: SB/dentine specimens had ∼4 μm exposed protein at the interface, UNO infiltrated the depth of the demineralised dentine and encapsulated exposed protein. CEJ sections: SB/dentine specimens had highly variable interface structure with localized exposed protein, UNO/dentine exhibited 3–5 μm exposed protein at the interface. The quality of the interface was exaggerated and the above differences were not revealed based on SEM characterisation. Conclusions As a result of adhesive phase separation, SB does not form structurally integrated a/d bonds at the DEJ or CEJ. The increased hydrophilic composition of UNO contributes to the formation of an integrated a/d bond at the DEJ, but structural differences and increased moisture leads to unprotected protein at the a/d interface in the CEJ sections. The inability of the SEM technique to reveal the complexity of the interface could be related to the modifications of the a/d interface caused by polishing and acid-bleach treatment.
Barriers to screening mammography

Breast cancer (BRCA) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the USA, and mammography is an effective means for the early detection of BRCA. Identifying the barriers to screening mammography can inform research, policy and practice aiming to increase mammography adherence. A literature review was conducted to determine common barriers to screening mammography adherence. PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched to identify studies published between 2000 and 2012 that examined barriers associated with reduced mammography adherence. Three thematic groups of barriers, based on social ecology, were identified from the literature: healthcare system-level, social and individual-level barriers. Researchers must consider screening behaviour in context and, therefore, should simultaneously consider each level of barriers when attempting to understand screening behaviour and create interventions to increase mammography adherence.
Images of medial temporal lobe functions in human learning and memory.

Investigations of the neural basis of mammalian memory have focused more often on the medial temporal lobe (MTL) than on any other brain region. In humans, the amnesic syndrome revealed the essential importance of the multiple structures located in the MTL system for declarative memory (the remembrance of events and facts). Other neural systems mediate procedural forms of memory, including delay eyeblink conditioning, which depends on the cerebellum, and cognitive skill learning, which depends on the striatum. We review three functional imaging studies that reveal different patterns of MTL activation associated with declarative and procedural memory tasks. One study shows separate MTL activations during the encoding or retrieval of declarative memories. A second study shows MTL activation that occurs in parallel with cerebellum-dependent delay eyeblink conditioning, but does not appear to influence that form of procedural memory. A third study reveals suppression of the MTL during striatum-dependent cognitive skill learning. These studies provide images of MTL activations that are correlated with, independent from, or antagonistic to memory performance.
The learning curve associated with laparoscopic antireflux surgery in infants and children

Abstract Laparoscopic fundoplication is an effective method for treating gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children. Some surgeons prefer the traditional open technique and have concerns regarding complications associated with laparoscopic surgery as well as the time length of operation. This report addresses these concerns in a retrospective review of the first 160 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication. “Learning Curves” as a function of surgical experience are presented highlighting some of the lessons learned while developing the laparoscopic fundoplication technique.
A microneedle array able to inject tens of thousands of cells simultaneously

This paper presents a biological microelectromechanical system for injecting foreign particles into thousands of cells simultaneously. The system inserts an array of microneedles into a monolayer of cells, and the foreign particles enter the cells by diffusion. The needle array is fabricated using a series of deep reactive ion etches and produces about 4 million needles that average 1 μm in diameter and 8 μm in length with 10 μm spacing. The insertion of the needles is controlled through a compliant suspension. The compliant suspension was designed to provide for needle motion into the cells while restraining rotations or transverse motions that could result in tearing of the cell membranes. Testing was performed using propidium iodide, a membrane impermeable dye, injected into HeLa cells. Average cell survivability was found to be 97.7%, and up to 97.9% of the surviving cells received the propidium iodide.
Mitochondria in lung biology and pathology: more than just a powerhouse

An explosion of new information about mitochondria reveals that their importance extends well beyond their time-honored function as the “powerhouse of the cell.” In this Perspectives article, we summarize new evidence showing that mitochondria are at the center of a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent pathway governing the response to hypoxia and to mitochondrial quality control. The potential role of the mitochondrial genome as a sentinel molecule governing cytotoxic responses of lung cells to ROS stress also is highlighted. Additional attention is devoted to the fate of damaged mitochondrial DNA relative to its involvement as a damage-associated molecular pattern driving adverse lung and systemic cell responses in severe illness or trauma. Finally, emerging strategies for replenishing normal populations of mitochondria after damage, either through promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis or via mitochondrial transfer, are discussed.
Infrared photodissociation of non-covalent adducts of electrosprayed nucleotide ions.

Efficient dissociation of gaseous non-covalent adducts of multiply charged DNA anions can be effected by infrared irradiation to yield minimal dissociation of the DNA molecular ions-far less dissociation than by collisional activation. Examples include removal of adducted impurities from 100-mer DNA anions and removal of all 14 adducted molecules of 1,4-diaminobutane from M15− to M17− of a 50-mer DNA.
A practical model for computing the BRDF of real world materials

Accurately modeling BRDF for real world materials is important and challenging for realistic image synthesis. For a majority of materials most of the incident light enters the material, undergoes multiple scattering under the surface before exiting the material's surface as reflection. Physically correct modeling of such BRDF must take into account of this subsurface volumetric light transport. Most of the accurate numerical solution methods (ex: Monte Carlo, Discrete Ordinate Methods (DOM)) for volumetric light transport compute radiance field for the whole volume, and are expensive. As BRDF ultimately relates only the outgoing radiation field at the boundary to the incident radiation, radiation field computed for the bulk of the material does not provide any useful information and hence the effort involved in computing them can be considered as wasteful. So for efficient BRDF computation any method that allows us to compute the radiance field only at the boundary would be a preferable choice. The search for such a method led us to the Ambartsumian's method [Sobolev 1975; Mishchenko et al. 1999].
A fundamental study of polymer melt devolatilization. IV: Some theories and models for foam-enhanced devolatilization

Some model experiments on polymer melt devolatilization (DV) conducted in our laboratories have been previously reported. Here, we examine some theories and propose some mathematical models in pursuit of an explanation of these experimental observations. Included are bubble nucleation and free volume theories as well as continuum models for bubble growth in quiescent fluids and fluid flow in rolling pools without bubbles. A modification of Harvey's cavity model seems to explain the behavior of foam formation in DV, at least qualitatively. Denson's cell model for bubble growth fits the separation data under vacuum. A simple exponential model for overall separation fits the separation data at atmospheric pressure (entrained DV).
A Paradigm for the Study of the Social Meaning of Clothes: Complementarity of Social-Psychological Theories

This paper offers a paradigm for the study of the social meaning of clothes. The paradigm orders four basic models in social psychology: cognitive, behavioral, bio-volitional, and symbolic. Each model differs in its assumptions on the nature of human behavior. The paper also sketches the metatheory (or model) underlying each of the four theoretical perspectives in social psychology. It is argued that theories in social psychology differ only in the sense that the models on which they are based focus on different combinations of the paradigm elements: stimulus (S), organism or person (0), andresponse (R). Methods and strategies of inquiry related to individual models are also identified and subsumed under the paradigm. Finally, the metatheories of the four perspectives are outlined as they relate to the study of clothing. Metatheories sketched in this paper may be used to examine similarities and differences among theoretical perspectives adopted by clothing scholars and to pinpoint what is missing in our ...
Spanning Star Trees in Regular Graphs

For a subset W of vertices of an undirected graph G, let S(W) be the subgraph consisting of W, all edges incident to at least one vertex in W, and all vertices adjacent to at least one vertex in W. If S(W) is a tree containing all the vertices of G, then we call it a spanning star tree of G. In this case W forms a weakly connected but strongly acyclic dominating set for G. We prove that for every r ? 3, there exist r-regular n-vertex graphs that have spanning star trees, and there exist r-regular n-vertex graphs that do not have spanning star trees, for all n sufficiently large (in terms of r). Furthermore, the problem of determining whether a given regular graph has a spanning star tree is NP-complete.
Barium isotopes in allende meteorite: evidence against an extinct superheavy element.

Carbon and chromite fractions from the Allende meteorite that contain isotopically anomalous xenon-131 to xenon-136 (carbonaceous chondrite fission or CCF xenon) at up to 5 x 10 to the 11th atoms per gram show no detectable isotopic anomalies in barium-130 to barium-138. This rules out the possibility that the CCF xenon was formed by in situ fission of an extinct superheavy element. Apparently the CCF xenon and its carbonaceous carrier are relics from stellar nucleosynthesis.
Scalable multicast feedback

Within a few years, the number of live audio and video programs available on the Internet will increase dramatically. As the INternet grows as an entertainment medium, content providers are eager to access ratings information to know better what people are interested in and be able to personalize the programs. However, whereas it is easy to know how many people have connected to a given Web site, gathering rating about what multicast viewers are watching does not scale, because there could potentially by millions of viewers connected to a multicast group. This paper presents a novel scheme at the application level to gather feedback form multicast receivers in a scalable way. Our model based on the random sampling of receivers, scale well for very large group since we only need partial feedback to estimate the ratings.
Abstract B39: Methylation of BRCA2 gene promoter CpG units through ZAR2-dependent DNMT1 recruitment

BRCA2 gene expression is stringently regulated during the cell cycle. BRCA2 expression is proportional to the rate of cell proliferation. Looking at the human BRCA2 gene minimal promoter sequence we found that it has over 45 CpG units which could be potentially methylated regulating the recruitment of different transcription factors affecting BRCA2 gene expression. We discovered that BRCA2 gene promoter has bi-directional activity and the product of the reverse activity (a ZAR1-like protein, we named ZAR2) silences the forward promoter (for BRCA2). ZAR2 is a C4-type zinc finger-containing transcription factor that regulates BRCA2 in a cell cycle dependent manner. We found that ZAR2 enters the nucleus of the G0/G1 cells binds to the promoter of BRCA2 and silences the BRCA2 gene expression. ZAR2 has a dsRNA binding domain. We report here that BRCA2 gene promoter, through its bidirectional activity, produces two partially overlapping transcripts (BRCA2 and ZAR2) in the breast cells forming a 111 bp RNA duplex. We postulate that endogenous transcriptional gene silencing RNAs (tgsRNAs) against BRCA2 gene promoter are thus formed from the overlapping RNA duplex in the cell nucleus. These tgsRNAs in turn contribute towards promoter methylation. Our data suggest that ZAR2 upon binding to the tgsRNAs binds to specific locations of BRCA2 gene promoter and recruits DNMT1 which in turn perform CpG methylation. This study will contribute towards the understanding of the epigenetic regulation of BRCA2 gene expression in different cell cycle stages as well as in sporadic cases of breast and other cancer. Supported in part by the DOD-CDMRP IDEA Grants BC990678 and BC050641 to GC and MeTRC pilot project grant 1U54RR026140-01 to SM Citation Format: Smita Misra, Mukul K. Mittal, Sheetal V. Khedkar, Gautam Chaudhuri. Methylation of BRCA2 gene promoter CpG units through ZAR2-dependent DNMT1 recruitment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B39.
Staging a reflective capstone course to transition PharmD graduates to professional life.

Objective. To develop and implement a capstone course that would allow students to reflect on their development as a professional, assess and share their achievement of the college’s outcomes, complete a professional portfolio, establish a continuing professional development plan, and prepare to enter the pharmacy profession. Design. Students were required to complete a hybrid course built around 4 online and inclass projects during the final semester of the curriculum. Assessment. Faculty used direct measures of learning, such as reading student portfolios and program outcome reflections, evaluating professional development plans, and directly observing each student in a video presentation. All projects were evaluated using standardized rubrics. Since 2012, all graduating students met the course’s minimum performance requirements. Conclusion. The course provided an opportunity for student-based summative evaluation, direct observation of student skills, and documentation of outcome completion as a means of evaluating readiness to enter the profession.
Replisome pausing in mutagenesis

E. coli cells containing a temperature-sensitivednaE mutation, in the α-subunit of holoenzyme DNA polymerase III, do not survive at the restrictive temperature. Such cells may survive in the presence of thepcbA1 mutation, an allele of thegyrB gene. Such survival is dependent on an active DNA polymerase I. Evidence indicates that DNA polymerase I interacts directly in the replisome (REP·A). Despite normal survival for cells using thepcbA replication pathway after some type of DNA damage, we have noted a failure of damage-induced mutagenesis. Here we present evidence supporting a model of replisome pausing in cells dependent upon thepcbA replication pathway. The model argues that the (REP·A) complex pauses longer at the site of the lesion, allowing excision repair to occur completely. In the normal replication pathway (REP·E) bypass of the lesion occurs, fixing the mutation.
Secure Information Processing with Privacy Assurance - standard based design and development for biometric applications

This paper presents the design and development of a technique referred to as SIPPA - Secure Information Processing with Privacy Assurance - for biometric data reconstruction. SIPPA enables a client/server model with the following two properties: (1) the client party can compare the similarity between his/her sample data with the source data on the server side — without each party revealing his/her data to another, nor to a third party. If the sample data is “sufficiently similar” to the source data, the client can reconstruct the source data by using only the sample data and some helper data with negligible overhead provided by the server. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) algorithmic steps of SIPPA and its relationship to privacy homomorphism, (2) a parallel SIPPA architecture, and (3) the realization of parallel SIPPA as a service component for BioAPI 2.0 framework using Java RMI technology. To demonstrate its potential application, we apply SIPPA to the reconstruction of biometric data, and more specifically, biometric face images represented in terms of linearized vectors.
Importance of the t · T potential in low-energy double charge exchange

Abstract A simple explanation is offered for the differences in energy-dependent behavior of forward-angle differential cross sections for low energy double charge exchange on 42,44,48 Ca.
Acoustic precipitation of aerosol under standing-wave condition

Abstract Acoustic agglomeration under the standing-wave condition is experimentally investigated using ammonium chloride particles. It is found that in a standing-wave agglomerator effective acoustic precipitation can be achieved at an acoustic intensity about one order of magnitude lower than that required for travelling-wave agglomerators under the same conditions in a stationary system. However, in a flow-through system, the steady-state gas flow greatly suppresses the acoustic turbulent motion which is believed to be responsible for the enhanced particle agglomeration. Thus, for a flow-through system the required acoustic intensity is higher than that for a stationary system.
The Bioavailability of Oral Nitroglycerin

In the 1970's, the efficacy of oral nitroglycerin therapy was seriously challenged, primarily on the basis of animal studies showing complete first-pass hepatic metabolism of nitroglycerin. Today, it is generally accepted that high oral doses of nitroglycerin do show antianginal efficacy. It has been suggested that this efficacy results from saturation of hepatic metabolism by the large oral doses administered, although the experimental evidence in humans purporting to support this may be questioned. In the present investigation, the bioavailability of oral nitroglycerin when administered in a capsule dosage form and as a solution was determined. Oral doses of nitroglycerin were less than 1% bioavailable. However, substantially high concentrations of the relatively low activity dinitrate metabolites were measured in plasma. We hypothesize that the activity of oral nitroglycerin preparations may result from high concentrations of the dinitrate metabolites, although this was not directly tested in the bioavailability studies described here.
The use of composite beams to measure the dynamic mechanical properties of semi-rigid solids

Abstract The theoretical foundation of dynamic thermomechanometry is expanded to include the relaxation of another class of materials, that of semi-rigid solids. By transforming composite beams into homogeneous beams, an expression for the sample modulus ( E s ) is derived and the general relationship between the shape factor, the elastic constants, and the moment of inertia set forth. Using dental amalgam as a test case, the modulus of five alloys was determined as a function of time and ranged from 3.9 to 6.6 × 10 10 Pa after ∼15 h. These values were greater than conventional compression tests but less than ultrasonic experiments. Potential sources of errors in the technique are explored, and the general state of the art reviewed.
Electrical and structural properties of iron-doped β-alumina

Abstract β-alumina containing 50 w/o Fe exhibits high electronic conductivity when sintered in air but Mossbauer studies have shown the presence of Fe3O4. Single-phase β-alumina containing 50 w/o Fe could be prepared by sintering at 1400°C for 4–4.5 h followed by annealing at 1300°C for 96 h encapsulated with coarse β-alumina powder enriched with Na2CO3. Mossbauer spectroscopy indicated that all iron was present as Fe(III). Complex-plane impedance data showed a maximum bulk σ 25°C = 5.56 × 10 -4 (Ω cm) -1 with little electronic conductivity. Reduction treatments on Fe-doped β-alumina utilizing H2:N2 gas were successful in producing a mixed conductor containing Fe(II) and Fe(III) but also produced a distorted β-alumina lattice. This material exhibited an electronic conductivity σ e,25°C = 2 × 10 -4 (Ω cm) -1 and a bulk ionic conductivity σ b,25°C = 1.35 × 10 -4 (Ω cm) -1 .
Acquisition and tracking interaction in the infrared high-value target acquisition program

This paper describes how the Infrared High-Value Target Acquisition tracker subsystem autonomously selects and tracks points throughout the IR sensor's field of view to maintain geometry stabilization relative to the ground. How the acquisition subsystem uses this stabilization to interrelate sequential snapshots is shown, and the use of ground-stabilized geometry for transition from acquisition of large landmark objects early in the mission to smaller targets later in the mission with minimized false alarm probability is described. The advantages of this design for the detection probability and operation in the presence of camouflage and decoys are explained.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Paleoaltimetry: A Review of thermodynamic methods

This review presents the use of conserved thermodynamic variables to estimate paleoaltitudes. The method based on conservation of moist static energy (the combined internal, latent heat, and gravitational potential energy of moist air) is discussed. This method exploits the physical relation between of the wind fi elds and the spatial and vertical distributions of both temperature and humidity. Given the climatological distributions of these three atmospheric fi elds, the method identifi es moist enthalpy (the combined internal and latent heat energies of air) as a thermodynamic variable that varies with height in the atmosphere in a predictable fashion. To use this method, the major requirements are: (1) a priori knowledge of the spatial distribution of moist static energy for the paleoclimate and (2) the ability to estimate moistenthalpy in the paleo-environment for two isochronous locations: one at sea level, the other at some unknown elevation. As presented here, the method incorporates basic physical principles of atmospheric science and inferences of paleoclimates from plant leaf physiognomy. Assuming that expected errors estimated from present-day relationships between physiognomy and enthalpy apply to ancient climates and fossil leaves, an uncertainty estimate of ± 910 m in the paleoaltitude difference between two isochronous fossil assemblage locations can be assessed.
How quantum brain biology can rescue conscious free will

Conscious “free will” is problematic because (1) brain mechanisms causing consciousness are unknown, (2) measurable brain activity correlating with conscious perception apparently occurs too late for real-time conscious response, consciousness thus being considered “epiphenomenal illusion,” and (3) determinism, i.e., our actions and the world around us seem algorithmic and inevitable. The Penrose–Hameroff theory of “orchestrated objective reduction (Orch OR)” identifies discrete conscious moments with quantum computations in microtubules inside brain neurons, e.g., 40/s in concert with gamma synchrony EEG. Microtubules organize neuronal interiors and regulate synapses. In Orch OR, microtubule quantum computations occur in integration phases in dendrites and cell bodies of integrate-and-fire brain neurons connected and synchronized by gap junctions, allowing entanglement of microtubules among many neurons. Quantum computations in entangled microtubules terminate by Penrose “objective reduction (OR),” a proposal for quantum state reduction and conscious moments linked to fundamental spacetime geometry. Each OR reduction selects microtubule states which can trigger axonal firings, and control behavior. The quantum computations are “orchestrated” by synaptic inputs and memory (thus “Orch OR”). If correct, Orch OR can account for conscious causal agency, resolving problem 1. Regarding problem 2, Orch OR can cause temporal non-locality, sending quantum information backward in classical time, enabling conscious control of behavior. Three lines of evidence for brain backward time effects are presented. Regarding problem 3, Penrose OR (and Orch OR) invokes non-computable influences from information embedded in spacetime geometry, potentially avoiding algorithmic determinism. In summary, Orch OR can account for real-time conscious causal agency, avoiding the need for consciousness to be seen as epiphenomenal illusion. Orch OR can rescue conscious free will.
The effects of patients' payment source on the duration of outpatient psychotherapy

Investigated the effects of fee payment source alone, as well as in combination with selected demographic factors (race, sex, education, and socioeconomic status), on the duration of outpatient psychotherapy. One hundred and sixty outpatients receiving treatment at a medical center based community mental health center served as Ss. These Ss were divided into four groups: Medicaid, insurance, insurance plus self-payment, and scaled self-payment only. Univariate results indicated that patients who paid a scaled fee had significantly more sessions than those whose fee was paid by Medicaid. Multivariate results, however, indicated that education and sex, which were highly correlated with fee payment source, accounted for most of the variance in treatment duration.
Marginal and joint distributions of S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A across a large series of cutaneous melanomas.

Context.—The distribution of the standard melanoma antibodies S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A has been extensively studied. Yet, the overlap in their expression is less well characterized. Objectives.—To determine the joint distributions of the classic melanoma markers and to determine if classification according to joint antigen expression has prognostic relevance. Design.—S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A were assayed by immunofluorescence-based immunohistochemistry on a large tissue microarray of 212 cutaneous melanoma primary tumors and 341 metastases. Positive expression for each antigen required display of immunoreactivity for at least 25% of melanoma cells. Marginal and joint distributions were determined across all markers. Bivariate associations with established clinicopathologic covariates and melanoma-specific survival analyses were conducted. Results.—Of 322 assayable melanomas, 295 (91.6%), 203 (63.0%), and 236 (73.3%) stained with S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A, respectively. Twenty-seven melanomas, representi...
Sloppy Typing and Reproduction in a Written Technical Message—An Experiment

An experiment was performed to determine the effect (if any) of sloppy typing and reproduction upon the effectiveness of a written technical message. The variables tested were the margins, the way in which corrections were made, and the reproduction of the message. Approximately seven hundred subjects in five definably different audiences were tested. Measures were taken of comprehension, reading time, judgment of the author's credibility, and judgment of the author's competence as a writer. Five main effects and five interactions were found at the 0.05 level of probability. Each variable, each measure of the effectiveness of the message, and each audience was involved in one or more of these effects. In each main effect and each interaction subject to easy interpretation, the unaltered form (good typing and good reproduction) of the variable(s) concerned appeared to be the more effective.
Collaboration with IT & cops for emergency communications

Due to high profile campus shootings and increasing incidents on college campuses, we have seen increasing emphasis on quick and accurate communication with students, staff and faculty. The University of Illinois' first attempt at implementing an emergency notification system taught us some important lessons. Using these lessons, we took a different approach in creating our current system, Illini-Alert.With Illini-Alert, we focused on ease of use for end users. Signup is voluntary and allows users to invite 2 additional contacts in a way similar to a Gmail invitation. The entire interface was designed with accessibility in mind and it exceeded all accessibility guidelines. We fostered deep collaboration between the Division of Public of Safety, the CITES Help Desk, our central IT division and our documentation group.Each of the groups brought significant expertise. The end result allowed for almost 18,000 text messages to be delivered to cell phones within 6 1/2 minutes and for one hundred and 70,000 email messages sent in 3 1/2 minutes and delivered to mailboxes in 12 minutes. All of this was accomplished more economically than our original system.
Reflectance during pulsed holmium laser irradiation of tissue

Although generally ignored in considerations of laser ablation of tissue, reflectance of laser light from tissue during laser-induced ablation is a potentially important factor in determining ablation efficiency because it determines the amount of laser light coupled into the target. To determine the significance of reflectance changes induced by laser irradiation, we examined the reflectance of liver samples during pulsed holmium laser ablation by placing the target at one focus of an ellipsoidal reflector and a detector at the other focus. The temporal behavior, total reflectance, and effect of multiple pulses were examined. Tissue reflectance as large as 50% was observed during holmium laser irradiation but depended upon laser radiant exposure and number of laser pulses. These measurements suggest that changes in the optical properties of the target during ablation are important and should be considered in detailed modeling of the ablation process.
Effects of MK 801 and Diazepam on the EEG of P and NP Rats

The selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) and alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats have been shown to possess a number of behavioral and electrophysiological differences in response to alcohol. We sought to evaluate whether or not P and NP rats would respond differently to other sedative-hypnotic drugs related to ethanol. EEG recordings were conducted following systemic administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK 801 (0.1 mg/kg, ip) and the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex agonist diazepam (1.5 mg/kg, ip). Nine P and nine NP rats was implanted with bipolar stainless steel electrodes in the frontal cortex, the dorsal hippocampus, the ventral thalamus, and the anterior amygdala. In the vehicle condition, P rats showed significantly greater power of the EEG in the slow frequencies as compared with NP rats in the frontal cortex. Furthermore, P rats were found to have lower peak theta frequency (6-8 Hz) than NP rats in the frontal cortex, the dorsal hippocampus, and the ventral thalamus. MK 801 produced a significantly greater increase in the mean power of the EEG in NP rats in the 8-16 Hz than in P rats, whereas diazepam was found to decrease theta peak frequency (6-8 Hz), but more so in NP rats that in P rats. These data suggest that, in addition to differential responsiveness to alcohol, P and NP rats also differ in response to drugs that modify GABA and glutamate neurotransmission.
Imaging of magnetization dynamics in artificial ferromagnetic nanoscale structures

We report time-resolved x-ray photoemission electron microscopy studies of the non-linear magnetization dynamics in artificial permalloy structures. Using pump-probe X-PEEM imaging to obtain a time resolution of ~100ps, we map out the response of a vortex state to a strong in-plane bias field of 5mT. We find that the initial formation of the vortex state is characterized by a complex transient domain state that includes a cross-tie domain wall. This state has implications for the subsequent formation and motion of the vortex core.
Teaching Science with Toys: A model program for inservice teacher enhancement

(1990). Teaching Science with Toys: A model program for inservice teacher enhancement. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 70-73.
On Partial Order Characterizations of Information Structures

The degree of concurrency possible in an informationally decentralized nonsequential system is determined by the precedence constraints imposed by the system's information structure on its controlled and uncontrolled inputs. One approach to characterizing these constraints is to attempt to associate each realization of the system's inputs with the strongest partial ordering of the system's decision-making agents that is consistent with the system's information structure. If such an association is possible, it leads to a partial order characterization of the corresponding information structure. In this paper we show that, in general, no such partial order characterization exists and we identify a sufficient (but not necessary) condition for existence. The condition has design implications that are important and intuitive and are discussed in the paper. Our results demonstrate that partial-order-based descriptions of concurrency, sometimes used in computer science, are not always correct.
Getting to the core of food security and food sovereignty: Relationality with limits?

Does food sovereignty have a core? Can it and yet still be spoken of as wildly relational, as being a process which prioritizes means over ends? Those are the type of questions posed in this commentary. After applauding Lucy Jarosz’s ability to synthesize an incredibly diverse literature, spanning decades, the author admits to his own struggles in embracing food security and food sovereignty as radically relational while retaining an ability to critique ends. For example, what if out of inclusive processes emerge problematic (and in some cases outright injustice) practices? In other words, is getting the means right ‘good enough’? Or do phenomena like food security and food sovereignty presuppose particular ends? And if so, what is that core and how can it exist in phenomena premised on nonessentialism?
Nonylphenol: An overview and its determination in oysters and wastewaters and preliminary degradation results from laboratory experiments

Abstract An introduction and background to nonylphenol is presented. A brief review of instrumentation and selected results of nonylphenol determination is provided. A comprehensive description of our laboratory experience in nonylphenol determination from raw oysters and wastewater is presented, including extraction and pre-concentration. Results of the determination of nonylphenol in oysters collected from a lake in Southwest Louisiana showed that none was detected. Nonylphenol was found in UV treated wastewaters. Preliminary results on laboratory generated reaction of nonylphenol in water with chlorine and hydrochloric acid showed a decrease in nonylphenol.
Humeral Head Height: Getting it Right

Total shoulder arthroplasties continue to be implanted at an increasing rate. Both patient function and implant longevity are maximized by the reproduction of the patient’s natural anatomy. One of the more troublesome areas of total shoulder arthroplasty is that of appropriate humeral head positioning. While much attention has been devoted to proper version, equally important is proper head height. We review key concepts and intraoperative evaluation of proper humeral head height. With attention to these principles, excellent clinical results may be obtained.