cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning to Rank the Severity of Unrepaired Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity on 3D Mesh Data

Cleft lip is a birth defect that results in deformity of the upper lip and nose. Its severity is widely variable and the results of treatment are influenced by the initial deformity. Objective assessment of severity would help to guide prognosis and treatment. However, most assessments are subjective. The purpose of this study is to develop and test quantitative computer-based methods of measuring cleft lip severity. In this paper, a grid-patch based measurement of symmetry is introduced, with which a computer program learns to rank the severity of cleft lip on 3D meshes of human infant faces. Three computer-based methods to define the midfacial reference plane were compared to two manual methods. Four different symmetry features were calculated based upon these reference planes, and evaluated. The result shows that the rankings predicted by the proposed features were highly correlated with the ranking orders provided by experts that were used as the ground truth.
A context-aware data forwarding algorithm for sensor networks

Recent advances in wireless communication and technologies have given rise to low-cost sensor networks. Sensor networks comprise of low-cost, low-power nodes that are densely deployed in the environment to monitor a specific state of the environment, for example: temperature, light, sound, speed or radiation. This paper presents a new data forwarding algorithm for sensor networks that takes into consideration the direction of the message, the positional relevance of a node to the message and the available power at that node. We conclude this paper by discussing an experimental study of the performance of the proposed data forwarding protocol for sensor networks.
Options and Market Friction

In this study we test whether the introduction of options decreases market friction using the Hou and Moskowitz (2006) measure of price delay. Consistent with theory in Ross (1976), we find that the availability of options increases the flow of market-wide information into stock prices. Indeed, we find that option trading activity drives the increase in the flow of information as post-listing option volume relates negatively with price delay. In additional tests, we find that delay’s return premium, documented in Hou and Moskowitz (2006), markedly decreases after options list and is further decreasing in the level of post-listing option volume. Our findings indirectly fail to find support for the argument that introducing speculation into markets, via options, destabilizes prices (Hart and Kreps, 1986; and Stein, 1987).
Boundedly-Rational vs. Optimization-Based Behavior: A Distinction Without a Difference

We prove that every well-defined behavioral rule can be interpreted as being optimization-based. Therefore, the categorical distinction between boundedly-rational behavior and optimization-based behavior asserted by Harstad and Selten (2013) does not entail a substantive difference.
Financial Compensation for Catastrophic Loss in the United States

This paper addresses the complex institutional structure in the United States for dealing with victim compensation in cases of catastrophic loss. It will appear as a chapter in a multinational study that compares the institutional frameworks adopted by Western European nations and the United States. Part I of the paper focuses on catastrophic loss triggered by potentially responsible human agencies, and as a consequence, discussion of tort law is central. But what of situations where no human agency can be charged with responsibility for catastrophic harm? In these cases there is no recourse to tort in most instances, and victims of catastrophic loss ordinarily must rely exclusively on private insurance coverage, or, when available, on public insurance systems. The latter can be parsed into two separate categories: social welfare schemes (discussed in section II of this paper), such as government disability and unemployment insurance legislation, which are available to all claimants meeting general eligibility requirements - without reference to the source of the harm that has occurred. And, legislative no-fault or insurance schemes that have been established with designated types of catastrophic loss in mind. This second category of social welfare legislation is discussed, along with a description of private insurance coverage, in section IV - after examining the government agency whose work is devoted exclusively to disaster relief (in section III, on the Federal Emergency Management Agency). Section V of the paper serves as a reprise on the somewhat patchwork design of the U.S. system by isolating for special consideration three case studies of particularly salient disaster events that illustrate the range of approaches discussed earlier: First, the terrorist acts of September 11, and, in particular, the legislative no-fault compensation scheme that was enacted to compensate the personal injury victims; second, Hurricane Andrew, which initiated a mixed private/public insurance scheme in Florida and recast FEMA's approach to disaster relief; and third, commercial airline crashes, as a category, which invoke tort as the principal source of disaster relief compensation. A concluding section VI of the paper returns to a more general overview of the system, offering a brief final commentary on fairness and efficacy considerations.
Influence of adsorption strength in aqueous phase glycerol hydrodeoxygenation over Ni@Pt and Co@Pt overlayer catalysts

Silica–alumina supported bimetallic overlayer catalysts of platinum on nickel (Ni@Pt) and platinum on cobalt (Co@Pt) were synthesized using the directed deposition technique. Hydrogen chemisorption and an ethylene hydrogenation descriptor reaction were used to study the adsorption strength of platinum overlayer compared to pure platinum. Decreased hydrogen heats of adsorption from H2 chemisorption were observed for overlayer catalysts compared to pure platinum, consistent with computational predictions. Ethylene hydrogenation reactivity decreased for overlayer catalysts compared to pure Pt which also implies weakened hydrogen binding of overlayer catalysts. In aqueous phase glycerol hydrodeoxygenation, overlayer catalysts showed higher hydrocarbon production rates per active site compared to their monometallic counterparts and bimetallic alloy samples, likely due to the decreased adsorption strength on Pt overlayer so that less Pt active sites were blocked by strongly adsorbed species such as H2 and CO. For reactions where strong product binding has been shown to inhibit the reaction, the weakened binding associated with the overlayer catalysts should result in increased activity.
Defensive Ecology of Forelius Foetidus and Its Chemosystematic Relationship to F. (=Iridomyrmex) pruinosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae)

The alarm pheromone of southern California populations of the ant Forelius foetidus (Buckley) was identified as 2-heptanone. This compound (2.9µg per worker) occurs in an admixture with cis, trans-iridodial and a minor unidentified iridodial isomer, which together constitute a defensive secretion emitted posteriorly from the gaster. Secretory components were isolated and quantified from extracts by gas chromatography and structurally elucidated by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Videorecordings of agonistic encounters with foreign ants revealed a stereotypical defense behavior of F. foetidus workers culminating in aerial transfer of their secretion onto the heterospecific worker. The defensive spray was repellent but not toxic to either Solenopsis maniosa or Crematogaster califomica Chemical and behavioral comparisons between F. foetidus and F. (=Iridomyrmex) pminosus indicate a high degree of similarity between these sympatric ants and support the generic reclassification of the latter species.
Based on Zigbee Technology Coal Wireless Network Application

Our coal mine most work well is mine,complex geological conditions,types of disaster,FenBuMian wide,underground work of risk factors are higher,in world each major coal-producing countries mining conditions,the most serious worst disasters.So for application of wireless network of coal is for coal mine safety monitoring technology application foundation,the first network,can use all sorts of high and new science and technology,so this text is from coal wireless network application perspective,Zigbee technology based on the basis,the coal wireless network application for a comprehensive research.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Improving SCIP Compliance

The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) is a national program aimed at reducing perioperative complications and is a quality benchmark metric for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. This study evaluates whether a multidisciplinary program improved an institution's compliance with SCIP measures. Analysis of the facility's performance data identified three key areas of SCIP noncompliance: 1) timely discontinuation of perioperative antibiotics and urinary catheters, 2) initiation of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, and 3) perioperative beta blocker administration. Multidisciplinary teams collaborated with providers and department chairs in reviewing and enable SCIP compliance. Anesthesia staff managed preoperative antibiotics. SCIP-compliant order sets, venous thromboembolism pop-up alerts, and progress note templates were added to the electronic medical record. Standardized education was provided to explain SCIP requirements, review noncompliant cases, and update teams on SCIP performance. Data were captured from January 2009 to March 2014. Ten SCIP fallouts were reported for general surgery specialties in January 2013, when the SCIP compliance project launched. Specifically, colon-related surgery achieved 100 per cent compliance. Six months after implementation, overall SCIP compliance at our institution improved by 65 per cent (from 90.7-98.6% compliance).
Domain reversal in single crystal strontium barium niobate (Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6)

The first systematic domain reversal for crystal strontium barium niobate (Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6, SBN:61), such as coercive fields, polarization, wall mobilities are reported. Its 4-fold rotational symmetry of the domain shape is reported for the first time.
Driving with central field loss III: vehicle control

BACKGROUND: Visual impairment associated with central field loss may make vehicle control more difficult due to the degraded view of the road. We evaluated how central field loss affects vehicle control in a driving simulator. METHODS: Nineteen participants with binocular central field loss (acuity 6/9 to 6/60) and 15 controls with normal vision drove 10 scenarios, each about eight to 12 minutes. Speed, lane offset and steering wheel reversal rate were measured on straights, left and right curves, along city (approximately 50 km/h) and rural highway (approximately 100 km/h) routes. Following distance was measured on two city straight segments. RESULTS: Subjects with central field loss had higher steering wheel reversal rates (0.55 versus 0.45 reversals per second, p = 0.015), suggesting that the steering task was more demanding for them, requiring more steering corrections; however, they did not differ in other performance measures. Nearly all maintained a safe following distance, although they were more likely than controls with normal vision to lose sight of the lead car in scenarios that required following a car. CONCLUSIONS: Most measures of vehicle control did not significantly differ between participants with central field loss and those with normal vision; however, the higher steering wheel reversal rates suggest that, in compensating for their vision impairment, drivers with central field loss had to allocate extra steering effort to maintain their lane position, which in turn could reduce attentional resources for other driving tasks.© 2016 Optometry Australia. Language: en
Applications of UBMs and I-vectors in EEG subject verification

The processing of electroencephalograms (EEGs) is a growing field where mature speech processing techniques are able to rapidly progress development and understanding of the associated neuroscience. I-vectors and Joint Factor Analysis (JFA), along with their foundational universal background models (UBMs) have progressed to a level of understanding that makes them prime for transition to the EEG community. To prove the capability of these techniques they are tested against two contrasting EEG data sets, PhysioNet's EEG Motor Movement/Imagery Dataset and the Temple University Hospital EEG Corpus, to highlight the effectiveness of the techniques with minimal domain knowledge modifications. The initial results, presented as equal error rates as low as 20%, support the development of these techniques as a viable approach to addressing subject verification within and across subjects.
Dicella a Genus of Malpighiaceae New to Colombia

Abstract The genus Dicella (Malpighiaceae) has been collected for the first time in Colombia by Dr. Djaja D. Soejarto. The species is Dicella julianii (Macbride) W. R. Anderson, comb. nov. It is described, illustrated, and compared to its nearest relative, D. conwayi. The phytogeographic significance of this trans-Andean disjunct from Amazonia is discussed in relation to Haffer's theory of Pleistocene forest refuges.
Biological Effects of Gastrointestinal Antibodies: I. The production of antibodies to components of adult and fetal guinea pig gastric and colonic mucosa

Injections into rabbits of aqueous extracts of adult guinea pig colon, fetal stomach, and fetal colon in complete Freund's adjuvant induce the formation of antibodies against substances which are a constituent of mucus-producing cells and their secretions, present both in the stomach and large intestine of adult and fetal guinea pigs. By contrast, rabbits injected with aqueous extracts of adult guinea pig stomach produce hetero- and autoantibodies against parietal cell antigen, gastric intrinsic factor, and mucous substances confined to the stomach. The role of bacterial or other exogenous antigens in the production of these antibodies has been excluded by comparing results obtained with fetal and adult tissues.
Influence of zinc sulfate and municipal solid waste compost on chemical forms of zinc in calcareous soils

ABSTRACTZinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for crop growth. This metal can be found in chemical forms or fractions in the soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of Zn in special chemical forms using the sequential extraction method after treating eight calcareous soils by zinc sulfate and municipal solid waste (MSW) compost. Zn was separated in seven defined forms as exchangeable (Ex), carbonate (Car), organic (Om), manganese oxide bound (MnOX), amorphous iron oxide bound (FeAOX), crystalline iron oxide bound (FeCOX), and residual (Res). According to the results, the mean concentrations of Zn in chemical forms in untreated soils from higher to lower were 31.84, 8.13, 2.64, 2.57, 0.45, 0.39, and 0.16 mg kg−1 for the Res, FeCOX, Car, FeAOX, Om, MnOX, and Ex forms, respectively. The total applied Zn to the studied soils from both the sources of zinc sulfate and MSW compost after incubation for 30 days was converted to chemical forms in the following order: Car > Res > FeCO...
Global Citizenship Education and Geography

This chapter explores the congruence of GCE and geography. We draw upon geography as a spatial understanding of people and discourse. The chapter describes how GCE is inherently spatial. The specific case is made and examined through the example of migration and movement. Three examples—coerced migration of women, the flows of power that produce refugees, and flow of texts—explore how GCE comes to fruition within geographic frames. The examples depicted here are all relevant to and might be taken up in K-12 classrooms. We propose that a Framework for Global Interpretation and supported spatial analysis programs can allow teachers to similarly take up a robust, multidimensional and interconnected examination of global issues.
Enhancing the stability of structural steel components using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites

Abstract: The innovative use of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials to control the manifestation of buckling in steel sections is described. The high stiffness and linear behaviour of FRP materials are utilised to provide 'bracing' against local buckling in a way that strategically leverages the unique mechanical properties of each material in an efficient application domain. Such an approach is not aimed at increasing the load-carrying capacity of the steel section, per se, although this may certainly be accomplished if desired. Rather, the approach is aimed at providing stability (in the sense of bracing) to the steel section through the use of FRP application to enforce nodal lines in a plate element for the purposes of increasing its critical load and constraining plastic flow in the plate element. The member becomes, in effect, an FRP-stabilised steel section.
The Essential Role of Improvisation in Musical Performance

Western musicians generally distinguish jazz from classical performances in part by observing that the former are improvised, while the latter are prepared and interpreted. They presuppose, therefore, that interpretation does not essentially involve improvisation. In this discussion, however, we shall argue that all musical performance, no matter how meticulously interpreted and no matter how specific the inscribed score, requires improvisation. Interpretation is the player's conceptual realization of the musical score in performance, and, by necessity, interpretation involves improvisation. We offer here an analysis of improvisation that will show how jazz and classical performers alike interpret their pieces and improvise in doing so. The jazz performer may do so to a greater extent; a classical performer may use it more restrictedly. We submit thatjazz and classical performances differ more in degree than in kind.
COX-2 expression in dysplasia of the head and neck

BACKGROUND COX-2 inhibitors have shown promise in chemoprevention of epithelial tumors. eIF4E is a biomarker that has identified individuals at high risk for relapse after definitive treatment for head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Hence, the authors wanted to determine if COX-2 is expressed in dysplasia of the head and neck and to study the correlation of expression of COX-2 with eIF4E as a potential surrogate endpoint for determining response to COX-2 inhibitors. METHODS The authors studied the expression of COX-2 and eIF4E in normal epithelium (n = 8), dysplasia (n = 51), mucosa adjacent to tumors (n = 11), and cancer of the head and neck (n = 19) using immunohistochemistry. In addition, Western blot analysis was performed on a subset of the above patient samples and HNSCC cell lines. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed expression of COX-2 and eIF4E in all cancers and no expression in normal tissues. In dysplastic epithelium, there was a significant correlation between the expression of eIF4E and COX-2 for all groups of dysplasia combined (chi-square = 40.3, P < 0.001). A Cochran–Armitage trend test showed a significant increase in the proportion of cases that expressed both molecular markers with increasing grades of dysplasia (P = 0.001). Western blot analysis showed increased expression of COX-2 and eIF4E in tumors compared with adjacent mucosa. All three HNSCC cell lines analyzed had increased expression of eIF4E, although only two had increased COX-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Expression of COX-2 in dysplasia suggested that COX-2 inhibitors may play a role in chemoprevention of head and neck cancers and that the correlation of Cox-2 with eIF4E indicates that eIF4E can be a potential surrogate marker in chemoprevention trials. Cancer 2001;92:1888–95. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
A SMART design to determine the optimal treatment of chronic pain among military personnel

Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability among active duty service members in the U.S. armed forces. Standard rehabilitative care and complementary and integrative health therapies are used for chronic pain rehabilitation. However, the optimal sequence and duration of these therapies has yet to be determined. This article describes a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) protocol being used to identify the optimal components and sequence of standard rehabilitative care and complementary and integrative health therapies for reducing pain impact and improving other patient outcomes. Active duty service members referred to Madigan Army Medical Center for treatment of chronic pain are being recruited to the Determinants of the Optimal Dose and Sequence of Functional Restoration and Integrative Therapies study. Study participants are randomized to either standard rehabilitative care (physical and occupational therapy and psychoeducation) or complementary and integrative health therapies (chiropractic, acupuncture, yoga and psychoeducation). Those participants who do not respond to the first 3 weeks of treatment are randomized to receive an additional 3 weeks of either (1) the alternative treatment or (2) the first-stage treatment plus the alternative treatment. This study will also determine factors associated with treatment response that can support clinical decision making, such as baseline fitness, pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, post-traumatic stress, pain self-efficacy, and biological indicators. The information gained from this research will be applicable to all integrative chronic pain rehabilitation programs throughout the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and the broader rehabilitation community.
Teaching NICU Fellows How to Relay Difficult News Using a Simulation-Based Curriculum: Does Comfort Lead to Competence?

Problem: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) clinicians must frequently relay difficult news to patient families, and the need for formal training for NICU trainees to develop this skill has been e...
Molecular Mechanisms Driving Bistable Switch Behavior in Xylem Cell Differentiation

Plant xylem cells conduct water and mineral nutrients. Although most plant cells are totipotent, xylem cells are unusual and undergo terminal differentiation. Many genes regulating this process are well characterized, including the VASCULAR-RELATED NAC DOMAIN7 (VND7), MYB46 and MYB83 transcription factors which are proposed to act in interconnected feed-forward loops. Much less is known regarding the dynamic behavior underlying the terminal transition to xylem cell differentiation. Here we utilize whole root and single cell data to mathematically model this relationship. These provide evidence for VND7 regulating bistable switching of cells in the root to a xylem cell identity, with additional features of hysteresis. We further determine that although MYB46 responds to VND7 induction, it is not inherently involved in executing the binary switch. A novel regulatory architecture is proposed that involves four downstream targets of VND7 that act in a cycle. These data provide an important model to study the emergent properties that may give rise to totipotency relative to terminal differentiation and reveal novel xylem cell subtypes.
Challenges of Hearing Rehabilitation after Radiation and Chemotherapy

Radiation and chemotherapy are frequently used in the treatment of head and neck malignancies. Ototoxicity is a common adverse effect of these treatment modalities. This article discusses the patterns of hearing loss following chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Specific issues related to hearing rehabilitation in oncological patients will also be covered, such as controversies regarding treatment of radiation-induced serous otitis media, risks of otologic surgery, and the use of osseointegrated hearing aids and cochlear implants.
Rethinking Greenwashing: Corporate Discourse, Unethical Practice, and the Unmet Potential of Ethical Consumerism:

Utilizing data drawn from online and print advertisements, this research compares the green advertising techniques of companies with well-documented strong and weak social and environmental track r...
Therapeutic implications of a novel driver classification system for cutaneous and unknown primary melanomas.

9539Background: Cutaneous and “unknown primary” melanomas frequently harbor alterations that activate the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway, and are often classified as BRAF, NRAS, NF...
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HEADS UP Branding and Evaluation Process.

Background:For 15 years, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) HEADS UP education campaign has focused on increasing awareness of concussion among children to reduce adverse out...
Acute mesenteric ischaemia secondary to portal, splenic and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis

Mesenteric ischaemia represents an uncommon complication of splanchnic vein thrombosis which requires a high level of suspicion to diagnose in a timely manner. This report discusses a case of portal, splenic and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis leading to mesenteric ischaemia and infarct in a 79-year-old man. The diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischaemia and splanchnic vein thrombosis remains difficult due to the non-specific symptoms of these conditions. As diagnosis does continue to improve, treatment of acute mesenteric ischaemia using medical management has become increasingly possible before ischaemia advances to the point at which surgical resection is required.
Reaching Hard-To-Reach Populations: An Analysis of Survey Recruitment Methods

This work examined the survey distribution methods used in a past study. The goal was to identify the most effective methods to reach marginalized voices to participate in technological research and thus, create more inclusive technologies. Initial analyses identified in-person onsite recruitment as one of the better methods for reaching hard-to-reach populations compared to M-Turk, social media, newsletters, mail, and text messages. Our results call for continued efforts to use more inclusive research methods in the field of HCI.
A Novel Performance Metric for Multiclass Subject Invariant Brain Computer Interfaces with Imbalanced Classes

[Finding suitable common feature sets for use in multiclass subject independent brain-computer interface (BCI) classifiers is problematic due to characteristically large inter-subject variation of electroencephalographic signatures. We propose a wrapper search method using a one versus the rest discrete output classifier. Obtaining and evaluating the quality of feature sets requires the development of appropriate classifier metrics. A one versus the rest classifier must be evaluated by a scalar performance metric that provides feedback for the feature search algorithm. However, the one versus the rest discrete classifier is prone to settling into degenerate states for difficult discrimination problems. The chance of occurrence of degeneracy increases with the number of classes, number of subjects and imbalance between the number of samples in the majority and minority classes. This paper proposes a scalar Quality (Q)-factor to compensate for classifier degeneracy and to improve the convergence of the wrapper search. The Q-factor, calculated from the ratio of sensitivity to specificity of the confusion matrix, is applied as a penalty to the accuracy (1-error rate). This method is successfully applied to a multiclass subject independent BCI using 10 untrained subjects performing 4 motor tasks in conjunction with the Sequential Floating Forward Selection feature search algorithm and Support Vector Machine classifiers.]
Abstract P293: Work Ability in Adults With Diabetes: A Mixed Methods Study

Introduction: Over 30 million Americans have a diagnosis of diabetes. The estimated cost of diagnosed diabetes in 2012 was $245 billion, including $69 billion in reduced productivity. Although many...
Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Proteins

As normal constituents of blood serum, the Serum Amyloid A (SAA) proteins are small (104 amino acids in humans) and remarkably well-conserved in mammalian evolution. They are synthesized prominently, but not exclusively, in the liver. Fragments of SAA can associate into insoluble fibrils (called “amyloid”) characteristic of “secondary” amyloid disease in which they can interrupt normal physiology and lead to organ failure. SAA proteins comprise a family of molecules, two members of which (SAA1 and SAA2) are (along with C-reactive protein, CRP) the most prominent members of the acute phase response (APR) during which their serum levels rise dramatically after trauma, infection and other stimuli. Biologic function(s) of SAA are unresolved but features are consistent with a prominent role in primordial host defense (including the APR). SAA proteins are lipophilic and contribute to high density lipoproteins (HDL) and cholesterol transport. SAA proteins interact with specific receptors and have been implicated in tissue remodeling through metalloproteinases, local tissue changes in atherosclerosis, cancer metastasis, lung inflammation, maternal–fetal health and intestinal physiology. Molecular details of some of these are emerging.
Fine-Grained Explanations Using Markov Logic.

Explaining the results of Machine learning algorithms is crucial given the rapid growth and potential applicability of these methods in critical domains including healthcare, defense, autonomous driving, etc. In this paper, we address this problem in the context of Markov Logic Networks (MLNs) which are highly expressive statistical relational models that combine first-order logic with probabilistic graphical models. MLNs in general are known to be interpretable models, i.e., MLNs can be understood more easily by humans as compared to models learned by approaches such as deep learning. However, at the same time, it is not straightforward to obtain human-understandable explanations specific to an observed inference result (e.g. marginal probability estimate). This is because, the MLN provides a lifted interpretation, one that generalizes to all possible worlds/instantiations, which are not query/evidence specific. In this paper, we extract grounded-explanations, i.e., explanations defined w.r.t specific inference queries and observed evidence. We extract these explanations from importance weights defined over the MLN formulas that encode the contribution of formulas towards the final inference results. We validate our approach in real world problems related to analyzing reviews from Yelp, and show through user-studies that our explanations are richer than state-of-the-art non-relational explainers such as LIME .
Test Characteristics. How good is that test

Clinical information is used to develop differential diagnoses and narrow the possibilities. The history and physical examination motivate our initial diagnostic impression. Clinical laboratory results and further diagnostic maneuvers are used to confirm or refute our initial impressions. These tests and procedures are not perfect; they sometimes yield false results, which taken alone, might lead to misguided therapeutic interventions. Concepts of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value provide the tools needed to integrate new information with initial diagnostic impressions. The concept of overall accuracy provides a quantitative estimate of how well a particular maneuver will perform. ROC curve analysis provides yet another quantitative and visual assessment of a test's performance. Additionally, the statistical tools described by Hanley and McNeil provide objective, quantitative means for comparing the various tests from which the clinician must select. Electronic spreadsheets and dedicated computer software provide relatively user friendly methods for engaging these techniques. Although individual clinicians might not choose to perform such analyses themselves, the discussion in this article should help the busy physician answer the question, "How good is that test?"
Cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity following CAR T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells are a new and exciting immunotherapeutic approach to managing cancer, with impressive efficacy but potentially life-threatening inflammatory toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Patients with severe CRS may develop capillary leak syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation, with a cytokine signature similar to that of macrophage activation syndrome/hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Moderate-to-severe CRS is managed with the IL-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab with or without corticosteroids, with questions remaining regarding the optimal management of nonresponders. ICANS is an inflammatory neurotoxicity typically occurring after CRS and characterized by impaired blood-brain barrier integrity. Symptoms of encephalopathy range from mild confusion and aphasia to somnolence, obtundation, and in some cases seizures and cerebral edema. ICANS is currently managed with corticosteroids; however, the optimal dose and duration remain to be determined. Little information is available to guide the management of patients with steroid-refractory ICANS. Numerous cytokine-targeted therapies have been proposed to manage these inflammatory toxicities, but few clinical data are available. Management of inflammatory toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T cells often requires multidisciplinary management and intensive care, during which allergists and immunologists may encounter patients with these unique toxicities.
Measuring Current Source Output Impedance in EIT Systems while Attached to a Load

A novel method for measuring the shunt impedance of current sources in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) systems is introduced. In an EIT system, electrical currents with theoretical sum of zero, are applied to the body and any mismatch between the currents results in current going through an extra grounded electrode. Since the N − 1 current patterns applied in an N-electrode EIT system are orthogonal to each other, by introducing an additional linearly- independent current pattern, a system of linear equations can be established from which the unknown shunt impedances can be calculated. The framework of the proposed scheme is introduced and its effectiveness is validated through both simulation and practical implementation. The experimental results show that by measuring the shunt impedances with the proposed method and using those values to adjust the current sources, the current passing through the grounded electrode is significantly reduced.
Mutational analysis of hematologic neoplasms in 164 paired peripheral blood and bone marrow samples by next-generation sequencing

The classification, risk stratification, and treatment selection of patients with hematologic malignancies are heavily influenced by recurrent molecular alterations determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS).1-5 Peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) are generally considered equivalent sample sources, especially if similarly involved by disease, but large studies comparing the mutational profiles of paired PB and BM samples (ie, taken from the same patient at the same time point of their disease history) have not been performed.6,7 We report a retrospective analysis of 164 patients from a single institution with suspected or known hematologic diseases for whom both PB and BM NGS was performed.
Foam-lined hohlraum, inertial confinement fusion experiments on the National Ignition Facility

Experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to study hohlraums lined with a 20-mg/cc $400\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-thick ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ aerogel at full scale (hohlraum diameter = 6.72 mm) are reported. Driven with a 1.6-MJ, 450-TW laser pulse, the performance of the foam liner is diagnosed using implosion hot-spot symmetry measurements of the high-density carbon (HDC) capsule and measurement of inner beam propagation through a thin-wall $8\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ Au window in the hohlraum. Results show an improved capsule performance due to laser energy deposition further inside the hohlraum, leading to a modest increase in x-ray drive and reduced preheat due to changes in the x-ray spectrum when the foam liner is included. In addition, the outer cone bubble uniformity is improved, but the predicted improvement in inner beam propagation to improve symmetry control is not realized for this foam thickness and density.
A review of thermal and thermocatalytic valorization of food waste

Food waste (FW) remains a global challenge due to the increasing demand for food production to support a growing global population and the lack of effective waste management technologies for recycling and upcycling. Unique compounds in FW – such as carbohydrates, proteins, lignin, fats, and extractives – can be repurposed to produce important biobased fuels, bulk chemicals, dietary supplements, adsorbents, and antibacterial products, among many others. We review the thermal and thermocatalytic FW valorization strategies and the fundamental pathways. We discuss the potential integration of various valorization processes, their economic viability, the technical and marketing challenges, and the need for further developments. By overcoming several technical hurdles, repurposing FW into modular plants can create exciting economic and environmental prospects.
Exploring the relationships between resilience, mindfulness, and experiential avoidance after the use of a mindfulness- and acceptance-based mobile app for posttraumatic stress disorder

PURPOSE This study used a mindfulness- and acceptance-based mobile app to examine the relationships between resilience, mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. DESIGN AND METHODS A quasi-experimental pre-posttest, single-group study design was used. A total of 23 college student veterans used the app for 4 weeks. Outcomes of resilience, mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and PTSD were measured at three time-points (baseline, end of Week 2, and end of Week 4). FINDINGS All outcomes significantly improved at postintervention. Improvements in resilience and PTSD significantly correlated with improvement in mindfulness. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Mindfulness- and acceptance-based mobile apps can be safely used by individuals with PTSD as a complementary approach to enhance resilient coping with PTSD.
Potassium channel openers - novel triggers of aura and migraine.

Results of two recent studies by Messoud Ashina and colleagues demonstrate that infusion of two different potassium channel openers can trigger migraine in humans; one of the compounds also triggered aura in patients diagnosed with migraine with aura. The findings highlight the importance of human experimental models in migraine research.
Strengthened impairment argument: restating Marquis?

Blackshaw and Hendricks recently developed a strengthened version of the impairment argument (SIA) that imports Marquis’ account of the wrongness of abortion. I then argued that if SIA imports Marquis’ account, then it restates Marquis’ position and thus is not very significant. In turn, Blackshaw and Hendricks explained why they take SIA to be importantly different from Marquis’ account. I have two aims in this response. First, I reconstruct Blackshaw and Hendricks’ arguments for the claim that SIA is importantly different from Marquis’ account. Second, I argue that SIA is not importantly different from Marquis’ account in the respect that Blackshaw and Hendricks take it to be.
Long-term prognostic value of right ventricular dysfunction on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in anthracycline-treated cancer survivors

Aims We aimed to determine the prevalence of right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and its impact on long-term adverse outcomes in a large cohort of cancer survivors treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Methods and results Consecutive cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines who underwent clinical CMR for suspected anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy were studied. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death or major adverse cardiac events (MACE): heart failure hospitalization, heart transplantation, ventricular assist device implantation, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. The secondary endpoints were all-cause death, and cardiac death or MACE. Among 249 survivors who underwent CMR at a median of 2.9 years after cancer treatment, RV systolic dysfunction was present in 54 (21.7%). Of these, 50 (92.6%) had an abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). At a median follow-up time after the CMR of 2.7 years, 105 survivors experienced the primary endpoint. On Kaplan-Meier analyses, the cumulative incidence of the primary endpoint was significantly higher in survivors with abnormal RVEF compared with those with normal RVEF (P = 0.002). However, on Cox multivariable analyses, RVEF was not associated with the primary endpoint (HR 1.04 per 5% decrease; 95% CI 0.93-1.17; P = 0.46) after adjustment for non-imaging variables and LVEF. RVEF was also not associated with the secondary endpoints. Conclusion Among anthracycline-treated cancer survivors undergoing CMR for suspected cardiotoxicity, RV systolic dysfunction was present in one in five cases, accompanied by LV systolic dysfunction in nearly all cases, and was not independently associated with long-term outcomes.
Rationality, Success, and Luck

Rationality, whatever exactly it demands of us, promotes success, whatever exactly that is. Some philosophers interpret that slogan as something that can provide them with a way of reductively explaining the demands of rationality by appeal to some independently intelligible notion of success: being rational, they might say, is just having whatever property it is that promotes success. Other philosophers may interpret the same slogan as something that can provide them with a way of reductively explaining the notion of success by appeal to some independently intelligible notion of the demands of rationality: having success, they might say, is just having whatever property it is that is promoted by being rational. In this paper, I argue that neither of these reductive efforts can succeed. I then argue that understanding the way in which rationality promotes success requires us to understand why the promotion relation between rationality and success can be severed by some kinds of luck, but not by others. To explain the kind of luck that can sever promotion, we should conceive of both rationality and success as distinct but related facets of something more fundamental than either of them.
Developing Student Leaders in Campus Outdoor Recreation Programs: An Appreciative Inquiry.

Campus outdoor recreation programs can play an integral role in developing student leaders. In this study, we sought a better understanding of the shared positive elements exemplary outdoor programs are using to develop their student leaders. The study was designed using a collective case study methodology and the theoretical lens of the Leadership Identity Development (LID) model. Representatives from five exemplary outdoor programs were interviewed with an appreciative inquiry approach. Five common themes emerged from the data: (a) Institutional Support, (b) Transformative Experiences, (c) Meaningful Culture, (d) Facilitative Structures, and (e) the Keys to the Castle: Authentic Leadership Opportunities. Themes were interrelated and contributed to an overall understanding of the environment that allows for successful leadership development in campus outdoor programs.
MOS Capacitor-Driven Silicon Modulators: A Mini Review and Comparative Analysis of Modulation Efficiency and Optical Loss

Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS capacitor-driven silicon modulators have demonstrated exceeding performance in driving voltage, energy efficiency, and bandwidth through heterogeneous integration with other active materials, including III-V compound semiconductors, transparent conductive oxides (TCOs, and graphene. However, a proper quantitative comparison is lacking among various device structures due to the difference in material properties and device designs. In this article, we first briefly reviewed state-of-the-art MOS capacitor-driven silicon modulators. Following that, we modeled the modulation efficiency and optical loss of two most representative device structures by incorporating the optical properties such as plasma dispersion, band-filling, and bandgap shrinkage effects for several heterogeneously integrated materials. The comparative analysis based on simulated results shows that Ge, III-Vs, and TCOs all offer larger index modulation than Si, whereas graphene has the largest index modulation. At the end of this article, we discussed the strategy of heterogeneous integration based on device design and scalable fabrication.
Characterization of receptors mediating the effects of dopamine on gastric smooth muscle

The effects of dopamine on circular and longitudinal smooth muscle from the body of the guinea pig stomach were examined. In circular muscle, dopamine (10-6-10-3 mol/L) induced contractions that were tetrodotoxin-insensitive with a concentration of half-maximal effect (EC50) of 6.3 × 10-6 mol/L for dopamine vs. 1.4 × 10-7 mol/L for norepinephrine. The efficacies of dopamine-and norepinephrine-induced contraction were similar. The α-adreno-ceptor antagonist phentolamine competitively inhibited dopamine-induced circular contractions (Ki = 2.5 × 10-6mol/L, slope 1.06), whereas the dopamine antagonist haloperidol had no effect. The α1-antagonist prazosin competitively inhibited dopamine-induced contractions (Ki = 1.8 × 10-6 mol/L, slope 1.03), whereas the, antagonist yohimbine was slightly less potent (Ki = 2.2 × 10-7 mol/L, slope 1.15). In longitudinal muscle, dopamine produced relaxation with an EC50 of 2.9 × 10-5 mol/L vs. 2.4 × 10-6 mol/L for norepinephrine. Tetrodotoxin reduced relaxation to dopamine by one third at low doses of dopamine (10-5-10-4 mol/L) and had no effect above 10-3 mol/L. Phentolamine did not inhibit dopamine-induced relaxation, whereas haloperidol demonstrated potent competitive inhibition (Ki = 5.8 × 10-7 mol/L, slope 0.90). The selective DA, antagonist Sch 23390 (Research Biochemicals Inc., Natick, MA) showed competitive antagonism (Ki = 6.3 × 10-6 mol/L, slope 0.98), whereas the selective DA2 antagonist domperidone had no effect. The effect of Sch 23390 was tetrodotoxin resistant. It is concluded that in the body of the guinea pig stomach, dopamine induces contraction in circular muscle through smooth muscle α adrenoceptors, whereas in longitudinal muscle, dopamine induces relaxation through smooth muscle DA, receptors.
Detecting susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of stainless steel weld heat affected zones

A Scanning Reference Electrode Technique (SRET) has been developed to study intergranular corrosion of austenitic stainless steels. The potential variations produced in the electrolyte due to the intergranular corrosion of the sensitized grain boundaries have been measured by scanning a microtip reference electrode across a weld and heat affected zones. The development of a test based on the SRET for determining the degree of sensitization of stainless steels has been explored. The technique is particularly useful in determining the degree of sensitization and the location of the sensitized grain boundaries adjacent to welds. The effect of material and welding variables on the location and degree of sensitization has been studied. The results have been compared with conventional tests for detecting susceptibility to intergranular corrosion.