cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and conformation of poly(L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid-L-proline) and poly([L-proline]3-L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid)

The synthesis, characterization, and conformational assessment of poLy(L-Aze-L-Pro) and poly[(L-Pro)3-L-Aze] are reported. The polymers were prepared by using the pentachlorophenol active ester as the polymerizable tetrapeptide derivatives. The copolymer, poly(L-Aze-L-Pro), assumes a Form II helix in polar solvents, and is converted into a form I-like helix at a critical solvent composition of ethanol to trifluoroethanol. The CD spectrum of this Form I-like conformation of poly(L-Aze-L-Pro) is similar to that of poly(trans-5-isopropyl-L-proline), indicating that the rigid four-membered ring at the alternating position can lock in the structure by a mechanism similar to that of a bulky substituent at the trans-5-position of proline. The helix conformation of this copolymer was unfolded in a 0.2M CaCl2 aqueous solution. In contrast to poly(L-Aze-L-Pro), the copolymer of poly[(L-Pro)3-L-Aze] contains both cis and trans peptide bond geometry when dissolved in a 90:10 ETOH-H2O mixture. The conversion of the mixed conformation of poly[(L-Pro)3-L-Aze)] into a polyproline Form II-like structure occurred in highly polar solvent environments such as water.
Overtreating versus undertreating: what is the optimized treatment duration in HCV?

The prospect of global eradication of HCV is foreseeable with IFN-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) combination therapies. DAAs boasts 12-week sustained virologic response rates (SVR)-12 that exceed 90%. Despite the 90% and above SVR-12 achieved with DAAs, challenges regarding how to select the optimal treatment regimen remain. One of the biggest challenges is how to actualize the benefits without under- or over-treating HCV-infected individuals. Truncated therapy should be less expensive, but may unnecessarily increase the risk of relapse. The risk of overtreatment includes costs and exposure to adverse effects of the medication. Here, we provide our perspective on selection of the optimized treatment duration in HCV to minimize either over- or under-treating HCV infection.
Electromagnetic compatibility testing for the NASA Langley Research Center Boeing 757-200

This paper discusses aircraft-level and laboratory electromagnetic interference (EMI) testing that has been performed for the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) Boeing 757-200 aircraft, called Airborne Research Integrated Experiments System (ARIES). The purpose of the testing is to determine if the research equipment causes electromagnetic interference to communication receivers and/or navigation receivers on-board the aircraft. Due to the nature of the research, experimental equipment is normally required to be cleared for all phases of flight, including takeoff and landing. Therefore, interference to the communication and navigation equipment can be considered a safety-of-flight issue. Results from several tests are presented and the potential interference concerns are identified.
Characteristics of Unified and Separate Early Childhood Education and Early Childhood Special Education Programs: A National Study

This study examined the characteristics of course content, field experiences, and program administration at 14 unified early childhood/early child special education (ECE/ECSE) and 13 separate ECE a...
Local solutions to manage the effects of global climate change on a marine ecosystem: a process guide for marine resource managers

Higgason, K. D., and Brown, M. 2009. Local solutions to manage the effects of global climate change on a marine ecosystem: a process guide for marine resource managers. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1640-1646.The marine environment plays an important role in controlling the amount of CO 2 that remains within the earth’s atmosphere, but it has not received as much attention as the terrestrial environment regarding climate-change effects, mitigation programmes, and action plans. Potential physical effects of climate change within the marine environment, including ocean acidification, changes in winds that drive upwelling and ocean circulation patterns, increasing global sea surface temperatures, and sea level rise, can result in dramatic changes within marine and coastal ecosystems. Often, marine resource managers feel overwhelmed by the magnitude of this issue and are therefore uncertain how to begin to take action. It may seem that they do not have the time, funding, or staff to take on a challenge as large as climate change, and fail to act as a result. Using NOAA’s Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary as a case study, this paper outlines the need to act now and presents an easy-to-use process guide, providing managers options to incorporate effectively the influences of climate change into management strategies, as well as mitigate these influences through community outreach and a reduction in workplace emissions.
Control of microwave interference

Three types of spurious signals, generated by microwave transmitters are discussed: splatter, harmonic radiation and anharmonic radiation. The interference potentials and measurement problems of these types of radiation are discussed. Possible corrective measures in the form of receiver and transmitter filters are presented.
Performance Evaluation of DCB's Priority-Based Flow Control

Data Center Bridging (DCB) is a group of technologies defined within the IEEE to transform Ethernet into a lossless fabric. This paper uses data center network cards and switches to analyze the performance of Priority-based Flow Control, a DCB technology. The network hardware required to support this new technology is still new and not widely available. This paper is the first to experimentally show how Priority-based Flow Control performs well in simple systems but as the system becomes more complicated traffic streams within a priority show fate sharing characteristics. Notably, the throughput of different traffic streams converges to the lowest throughput among the streams. One of the most common applications used in data centers for interprocessor communication, MPI (Message Passing Interface), is analyzed. Finally, an iSCSI initiator and target are used to observe the throughput of iSCSI over a network with PFC. This paper shows the performance benefits of using PFC with TCP-based applications.
On Solving Boolean Combinations of UTVPI Constraints

We consider the satisabilit y problem for Boolean combinations of unit two variable per inequality (UTVPI) constraints. A UTVPI constraint is linear constraint containing at most two variables with non-zero coecien ts, where furthermore those coecien ts must be either 1 or 1. We prove that if a satisfying solution exists, then there is a solution with each variable taking values in [ n (bmax + 1); n (bmax + 1)], where n is the number of variables, and bmax is the maximum over the absolute values of constants appearing in the constraints. This solution bound improves over previously obtained bounds by an exponential factor. Our result can be used in a nite instantiation-based approach to deciding satisabilit y of UTVPI formulas. An experimental evaluation demonstrates the eciency of such an approach. One of our key results is to show that an integer point inside a UTVPI polyhedron, if one exists, can be obtained by rounding a vertex. As a corollary of this result, we also obtain a polynomial-time algorithm for approximating optima of UTVPI integer programs to within an additive factor.
Differentiating DNI from DNR: Combating code status conflation

Goals of care discussions, including those focused on code status, are meant to foster autonomous decision making. Unfortunately, these discussions often conflate decisions regarding the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest and mechanical ventilation for prearrest respiratory failure. They also exclude discussions of outcomes, particularly those associated with prearrest respiratory failure. In doing so, they may fail in their intention of extending patient autonomy. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:669-670. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Evaluating red-cockaded woodpeckers for exposure to West Nile Virus and blood parasites

A marked decline in the Picoides borealis (Red-cockaded Woodpecker (RCW)) population at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge, MS, was observed in 2002. Demographic changes—including absence of hatch-year birds, decreases in size of known groups, and loss of known groups—were identified during annual fall surveys and are uncharacteristic of RCW populations. In 2003, a serosurvey of 28 adult RCWs was conducted to investigate the presence of West Nile virus (WNV) exposure in the population, possibly providing insight into whether WNV may have been responsible for this decline. Blood smears were also examined from these birds for blood parasites. We found no evidence of West Nile virus exposure or blood parasites in any of the RCWs sampled. Further monitoring of the RCW population and WNV activity in other species at Noxubee NWR is recommended to further evaluate the potential role of WNV and blood parasites in their decline.
An embedded boundary approach for the simulation of a flexible flapping wing at different density ratio

Abstract We have developed a strong-coupling approach based on a uniformly-applied Eulerian description for both fluid and solid and provided a simple monolithic formulation to compute highly flexible structures interacting with surrounding fluid flows. Using a fast-tracking method and a fast solver for the modified pressure equation with variable density, we keep the same low computational cost as in the uniform density case studied previously. The new algorithm is first validated by the simulation of the self-sustained oscillation of a flexible plate. Then, it is applied to study the effect from density ratio on a flexible plate flapping with incoming flow. The simulation shows strong effect of density ratio on the pattern of fluid–structure interaction and the propulsion performance through the change in mass ratio and frequency ratio.
The Effect of NUMA Tunings on CPU Performance

Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) is a memory architecture for symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) systems where each processor is directly connected to separate memory. Indirect access to other CPU's (remote) RAM is still possible, but such requests are slower as they must also pass through that memory's controlling CPU. In concert with a NUMA-aware operating system, the NUMA hardware architecture can help eliminate the memory performance reductions generally seen in SMP systems when multiple processors simultaneously attempt to access memory.The x86 CPU architecture has supported NUMA for a number of years. Modern operating systems such as Linux support NUMA-aware scheduling, where the OS attempts to schedule a process to the CPU directly attached to the majority of its RAM. In Linux, it is possible to further manually tune the NUMA subsystem using the numactl utility. With the release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6.3, the numad daemon became available in this distribution. This daemon monitors a system's NUMA topology and utilization, and automatically makes adjustments to optimize locality.As the number of cores in x86 servers continues to grow, efficient NUMA mappings of processes to CPUs/memory will become increasingly important. This paper gives a brief overview of NUMA, and discusses the effects of manual tunings and numad on the performance of the HEPSPEC06 benchmark, and ATLAS software.
Molecular Nevogenesis: An Update

Nevogenesis is a multifactorial process that involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Growth promoting mutations (NRAS, HRAS, BRAF, and GNAQ) known to be present in various types of malignant melanoma have also been identified in benign nevi. Their presence roughly correlates with congenital, Spitz, acquired, and blue nevi, respectively. These mutations are likely to play a critical role in driving nevogenesis through activation of the MAP kinase pathway. However, mutations in these genes result in different cellular effects that cause the cells to migrate, proliferate, and differentiate to different extents within the skin. This causes each mutation to give rise to a characteristic growth pattern. Further research is necessary to fully understand nevus development given that most of the same developmental pathways are also present in melanoma.
Assessing the Impacts of Oil-associated Marine Snow Formation and Sedimentation during and after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Abstract The Deepwater Horizon oil spill was the largest in US history, unprecedented for the depth and volume of oil released, the amount of dispersants applied, and the unexpected, protracted sedimentation of oil-associated marine snow (MOS) to the seafloor. Marine snow formation, incorporation of oil, and subsequent gravitational settling to the seafloor (i.e., MOSSFA: Marine Oil Snow Sedimentation and Flocculent Accumulation) was a significant pathway for the distribution and fate of oil, accounting for as much as 14% of the total oil released. Long residence times of oil on the seafloor will result in prolonged exposure by benthic organisms and economically important fish. Bioaccumulation of hydrocarbons into the food web also has been documented. Major surface processes governing the MOSSFA event included an elevated and extended Mississippi River discharge, which enhanced phytoplankton production and suspended particle concentrations, zooplankton grazing, and enhanced microbial mucus formation. Previous reports indicated that MOS sedimentation also occurred during the Tsesis and Ixtoc-I oil spills; thus, MOSSFA events may occur during future oil spills, particularly since 85% of global deep-water oil exploration sites are adjacent to deltaic systems. We provide a conceptual framework of MOSSFA processes and identify data gaps to help guide current research and to improve our ability to predict MOSSFA events under different environmental conditions. Baseline time-series data and model development are urgently needed for all levels of ecosystems in regions of hydrocarbon extraction to prepare for and respond to future oil spills and to understand the impacts of oil spills on the environment.
Book Review Treating Bulimia in Adolescents: A Family-Based Approach By Daniel le Grange and James Lock (2007)

Guildford Press, London 260 pages Hardcover, ISBN 978-1-59385-414-0 Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health 2008, 20(1): 63–64
Raeder paratrigeminal neuralgia evolving to hemicrania continua.

Purpose Raeder paratrigeminal neuralgia is most commonly characterized as deep, boring, nonpulsatile, severe, unilateral facial and head pain in the distribution of the V1 area combined with ipsilateral oculosympathetic palsy and autonomic symptoms. Raeder paratrigeminal neuralgia evolving into hemicrania continua, a rare primary, chronic headache syndrome characterized by unilateral pain and response to indomethacin, has rarely been documented. The purpose of this case report is to contribute to the medical literature a single case of Raeder paratrigeminal neuralgia presenting as multiple cranial nerve palsies that evolved into hemicrania continua that was successfully treated with onabotulinumtoxinA. Case report A 52-year-old white woman presented to the emergency department with the complaint of severe, aching, constant eye pain radiating to the V1 area for 1 week with associated ptosis and photophobia of the left eye. Ocular examination revealed involvement of cranial nerves II, III, V, and VI. Additional symptoms included ipsilateral lacrimation, eyelid edema, and rhinorrhea. Extensive medical work-up showed normal results. Raeder paratrigeminal neuralgia was diagnosed with multiple cranial nerve involvement; the headache component became chronic with periodic exacerbations of autonomic symptoms evolving to a diagnosis of hemicrania continua. The patient was intolerant to traditional indomethacin treatment, and the headache was successfully treated with onabotulinumtoxinA injections. Conclusions Recognition of ipsilateral signs such as miosis, ptosis, hydrosis, eyelid edema, hyperemia, rhinorrhea, or nasal congestion is useful in the differential diagnosis of painful ophthalmoplegia, particularly in the diagnosis of Raeder paratrigeminal neuralgia and hemicrania continua. This case study illustrates a rare presentation of Raeder paratrigeminal neuralgia evolving into hemicrania continua presenting as a painful ophthalmoplegia with multiple cranial nerve involvement. The example supports the use of oral prednisone and onabotulinumtoxinA injections although further study is warranted.
Evaluation of Five Reagent Grade Uric Acid Standards and Observations on the Phosphotungstic Acid Method for Uric Acid Measurement

Five commercially available uric acid standards were investigated for chromogenicity. One reagent grade standard was found to be 10% lower than the others; it would falsely elevate uric acid values by 10%. This would be a cause of increased interlaboratory variability. Molar absorptivity of uric acid under the stated conditions was 6.1 × 104 absorbance units per 1 mol per liter 1 cm. light path ![Graphic][1] . This molar absorptivity is proposed as a check on the purity of standards and for interlaboratory standardization. The importance of using the National Bureau of Standards absorbance filter for spectrophotometric calibration is stressed. Observations were made on the color development of the phosphotungstic-urea cyanide reaction and its implications for the chemistry of the complex. Color rate was found to be logarithmic in relation to time and the reaction was not complete until 45 min. The ± 2 SD range and the significant change limit of the test are decreased if the test is performed at 45 min. rather than at 15 or 30 min. as is suggested by standard tests and methods. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Crystallization Inhibitors and Extenders for Trimedlure, the Attractant for the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Certain esters of 4(and 5)-chloro- trans -2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid that are attractive to the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and are of lower volatility than trimedlure (TML), 1,1-dimethylethyl 4(and 5)-chloro- trans -2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate, the attractant for C.capitata , can act in a dual and advantageous capacity when added to TML. The additives, when mixed with TML in 25–50% mixtures, prevent or greatly reduce crystallization of the solid TML isomers that occurs during storage or use during cool weather. The additives act as extenders of TML’s attractiveness and do not adversely affect the efficacy of the lure. The 1-methylbutyl ester was the additive that was most effective in accomplishing this dual function.
Effects of Electrically Activated Silver–Titanium Implant System Design Parameters on Time-Kill Curves Against Staphylococcus aureus

Implant-associated infections pose serious threats to patients in terms of morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. This paper focuses on the quantitative assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of a silver-based prophylactic system for orthopaedic implant applications. The implant system is configured to induce controlled local administration of silver ions via low intensity direct current activation (1–14 µA). We developed a broth-based in vitro testing model to evaluate the effects of important design parameters on the antimicrobial efficacy of the system over a 48-h interval. The time-kill curves obtained with various parameter levels were analyzed through a longitudinal model. Five parameters were investigated independently through one-way factorial experiments (n = 12) against Staphylococcus aureus. In phase 1 of the study, we investigated the effect of cathode material on system performance. We also determined the linear structure of the longitudinal model based on the Akaike information criterion by fitting the empirical data to multiple candidate model structures. The results show that substituting the silver cathode with titanium does not weaken the antimicrobial efficacy of the system (p = 0.9946). In phase 2, a detailed analysis with four design parameters was conducted using the silver–titanium configuration. The performance of the system was found to be independent of the electrode separation distance (p = 0.9926) and the pulsating current frequency (p = 0.9956). However, the anode surface area (p < 0.0001) and the current intensity (p < 0.0001) influenced the antimicrobial efficacy in an interactive manner. Overall, this study characterizes the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of the proposed system and provides a reference of design parameters for future product engineering.
The Eukaryotic Replication Machine

The cellular replicating machine, or "replisome," is composed of numerous different proteins. The core replication proteins in all cell types include a helicase, primase, DNA polymerases, sliding clamp, clamp loader, and single-strand binding (SSB) protein. The core eukaryotic replisome proteins evolved independently from those of bacteria and thus have distinct architectures and mechanisms of action. The core replisome proteins of the eukaryote include: an 11-subunit CMG helicase, DNA polymerase alpha-primase, leading strand DNA polymerase epsilon, lagging strand DNA polymerase delta, PCNA clamp, RFC clamp loader, and the RPA SSB protein. There are numerous other proteins that travel with eukaryotic replication forks, some of which are known to be involved in checkpoint regulation or nucleosome handling, but most have unknown functions and no bacterial analogue. Recent studies have revealed many structural and functional insights into replisome action. Also, the first structure of a replisome from any cell type has been elucidated for a eukaryote, consisting of 20 distinct proteins, with quite unexpected results. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the eukaryotic core replisome proteins, their structure, individual functions, and how they are organized at the replication fork as a machine.
The early detection of musculoskeletal disorders.

An orthopedic examination should be performed along with the routine physical examination, and history taking should include pertinent questions relating to orthopedic ailments. The author discusses the signs and symptoms which will lead to a cursory but adequate examination of the musculoskeletal system and points out the elementary principles which will prevent the physician's overlooking an orthopedic defect.
Comparison of Hidden Markov Models and Support Vector Machines for vehicle crash detection

In this paper, machine-learning techniques, such as Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs), are applied to discriminate vehicle crashes. Both HMMs and SVMs are optimal with respect to their individual objectives. However, the performances between these two models may be very different depending on how their respective assumptions match with reality. With the exception of some benchmark reports, there is little literature comparing these two promising pattern recognition approaches. In this paper, we compare these two models analytically and experimentally, using a third intermediary method of the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for detection of crash pulses.
Two-Stage Fracturing Wastewater Management in Shale Gas Development

Management of shale gas wastewater treatment, disposal, and reuse has become a significant environmental challenge, driven by an ongoing boom in development of U.S. shale gas reservoirs. Systems-analysis based decision support is helpful for effective management of wastewater, and provision of cost-effective decision alternatives from a whole-system perspective. Uncertainties are inherent in many modeling parameters, affecting the generated decisions. In order to effectively deal with the recourse issue in decision making, in this work a two-stage stochastic fracturing wastewater management model, named TSWM, is developed to provide decision support for wastewater management planning in shale plays. Using the TSWM model, probabilistic and nonprobabilistic uncertainties are effectively handled. The TSWM model provides flexibility in generating shale gas wastewater management strategies, in which the first-stage decision predefined by decision makers before uncertainties are unfolded is corrected in the sec...
Jean Baudrillard’s radical thinking, and its potential contribution to the sociology of higher education illustrated by debates about ‘World-Class’ universities

AbstractThis article presents an argument for re-reading Jean Baudrillard’s ideas considering their potential contribution to the sociology of higher education, particularly in relation to contemporary debates about ‘world-class’ universities. In order to apply Baudrillard’s ideas, China’s commitment to the development of ‘world-class’ universities is presented as a case study. Radical thinking, as understood by Baudrillard, relies on ambivalence and fascination – instead of critique – and seeks to push a logic to its limits rather than opposing it. Critiques of world-class universities have not stopped the totalizing effects of rankings and world-class status seeking; on the contrary, these phenomena and their effects continue to accelerate. A non-deterministic approach to thinking is set into motion around the paroxystic state that prevails in the pursuit of ‘world-class’ status among contemporary higher education systems.
Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer rates and time of application for potatoes under seepage irrigation

Abstract Splitting N fertilizer application is recommended to increase crop N use efficiency by reducing risk of leaching. The objective of this study was to optimize the timing and rate of split N fertilizer applications to maximize tuber yield and quality of chipping potatoes grown using seepage irrigation in Florida. A two-year study was conducted on two commercial farms using cultivars Atlantic and FL1867. A factorial of two N rates applied at pre-plant (Npre-pl) 0 or 56 kg ha−1 30 days before planting followed by four N rates applied at plant emergence (Nemerg) 0, 56, 112, or 168 kg ha−1 were randomized in a complete block design with four replicates. At tuber initiation, all treatments received an additional 56 kg ha−1 of N. All applications of N were of granular ammonium nitrate banded. Total N applied for the various treatments ranged from 56 to 280 kg ha−1 of N. Soil N was monitored in the 0–20 cm soil depth layer throughout the season. Whole plant biomass peaked at 8.5–8.7 Mg ha−1 with Nemerg rates between 112–143 kg ha−1. Plant N uptake range from 66 to 157 kg ha−1. N uptake use efficiency decreased with increasing N rates. Potato yield ranged from 25 to 42 Mg ha−1 in both years. In 2013, application of 56 kg ha−1 of Npre-pl produced 2.5–5.1 Mg ha−1 higher yield than treatments receiving 0 N. In 2014, there was an interaction between Npre-pl and Nemerg on yield. The higher 56 kg ha−1 Npre-pl resulted in higher yield only when Nemerg was at or below 56 kg ha−1. For cv. Atlantic when no Npre-pl was supplied, yield increased linearly in response to Nemerg rates, while with 56 kg ha−1 of Npre-pl, yield responded quadratically to Nemerg reaching a maximum at 114 kg ha−1. For cv. FL1867 yield increased quadratically to Nemerg peaking at 138 and 126 kg ha−1 of when 0 or 56 kg ha−1 of Npre-pl was applied, respectively. The study shows that while the risk of Npre-pl loss is high, Npre-pl can result in higher yield, especially when subsequent N rates are low. Application of Npre-pl was particularly effective in a dry year. By contrast, when soil mineral N from Npre-pl was largely lost to leaching in a high rainfall year, yield was increased by the Npre-pl application only when subsequent Nemerg rates were less than 112 kg ha−1. When early-season soil N was low, the Nemerg had a larger impact on tuber yield due to minimum loss to leaching, maximizing yield when Nemerg was 128–168 kg ha−1. This indicates that applying N fertilizer prior to emergence is necessary to maximize tuber yield.
An Introduction to Quantitative Process Simulation

As we’ve seen so far, one of the key elements to selecting an optimized program portfolio that achieves the best strategic value for the organization is being able to estimate effectively. Unfortunately this is an area that can benefit from better tools and processes. In order to improve our ability to estimate we need more responsive tools. In this chapter, we will demonstrate how projects diverge from original estimates in a myriad of ways that are often unpredictable at the beginning. The amount of ‘learning’ that is part of the process of defining and building a system can be a huge source of underestimation. We will use a quantitative computational parametric modeling technique to demonstrate how even well planned projects can get off track quickly.
E-cigarette use and quantity of cigarette smoking among adolescent cigarette smokers: A finite mixture model analysis.

Abstract Background E-cigarette use is popular among adolescents and youth, but its long-term public health implications remain largely unknown. Much of the literature has focused on understanding the relationship between e-cigarette use and youth cigarette initiation. However, very little is known about e-cigarette use and cigarette quantity among those who continue to smoke cigarettes. The objective of the present study was to examine the association between current e-cigarette use and quantity of cigarette smoking. Methods Cross-sectional data on current smokers were drawn from the 2014–2015 Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey among high school students (n = 1411). A finite mixture model (FMM) was employed to account for unobserved heterogeneity due to clusters of finite sub-populations. Results Current e-cigarette users reported smoking more conventional cigarettes in the past week compared to non-e-cigarette users (t [1409] = 4.7998; p Conclusion Findings of this study suggest that the significant association between e-cigarette use and quantity of cigarette smoking may be driven by patterns of use among experimental or beginner smokers.
Management-Ausbildung im US-amerikanisch-deutschen Vergleich

Das Studium der Betriebswirtschaftslehre in Deutschland hat ideengeschichtlich andere Wurzeln als dasjenige an US‐amerikanischen Business‐Schools. Insbesondere die starke Orientierung der MBA‐Ausbildung am neoklassischen Paradigma steht einer Ausrichtung an Erfordernissen der Praxis entgegen. Dies wird in den unterschiedlichen Reaktionen der BWL und der Business‐Schools auf Herausforderungen der vergangenen Jahrzehnte wie der japanischen Art der Unternehmensfuhrung oder die Etablierung von Entrepreneurship in den Studiengangen deutlich. Ferner wird herausgearbeitet, dass die Business Schools im Unterschied zur BWL eine aktive Rolle bei der Finanzialisierung des zeitgenossischen Kapitalismus einnahmen. Der BWL wird eine Selbstvergewisserung ihrer Ursprunge angeraten.
Structure: Providing Transition, Depth, and Emphasis

Structure is not just the organization of details. Although organizing details in a document is certainly important, many well-organized documents fail to inform because the writer has not made strong transitions between the details or has not presented the details at the proper depth or has not placed the proper emphasis on the details.
Synthesis, reactions, and rearrangement of X(PEt3)2Pt(C(=PR)X) (X = Cl, Br; R = 2,4,6-tri- tert-butylphenyl), a synthetic precursor for bridged cyaphide, semi-bridged isocyaphide metal complexes

27 INTRODUCTION 28 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 31 RESULTS 51 DISCUSSION 66 CONCLUSIONS 71 REFERENCES 72 PAPER II. BRIDGING CYAPHIDE (CsP) AND BRIDGING ISOCYAPHIDE (C=PR) LIGANDS: SYNTHESIS AND CHRACTERIZATION OF (X)(PEt3)2Pt(^i-C=P)Pt(PEt3)2 AND (X)(PEt3)2Pt(|i-C=PR)Pt(PEt3)(X) (X = CI, Br; R = 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl) 75 ABSTRACT 76 INTRODUCTION 77 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 80 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 88 CONCLUSION 104 REFERENCES 106 SUMMARY GENERAL REFERENCES
Ultrasonic NDE of Tubing Pinch Welds

Resistance tube closure welds, referred to as pinch welds, are used to reliably seal small stainless steel tubing. The pinch welding process, discussed in detail by Thomas et al [1], involves applying a load to force electrodes together to collapse the tube, sometimes in the presence of confining dies which prevent lateral expansion. Electric current is injected through the electrodes to soften the tube through Joule heating. The resulting hot plastic deformation causes contact and welding of the inner surfaces of the tube.
Effectiveness of high rate and delayed detection ICD programming by race: A MADIT-RIT substudy.

INTRODUCTION Data on inappropriate and appropriate ICD therapy, and efficacy of ICD programing strategies by race are limited. METHODS In MADIT-RIT, we evaluated the risk of ICD therapy by race, and the efficacy of high rate cut-off ventricular tachycardia (VT) zone ≥200 beats per minute (bpm) (Arm B), or 60 seconds delay in VT zone 170-199 bpm (Arm C), compared to 2.5 seconds delay at 170 bpm (Arm A) among black and white patients. RESULTS MADIT-RIT enrolled 272 (20%) black and 1119 (80%) white patients. The risk of inappropriate therapy was similar among blacks and whites, HR 1.25, 95% CI (0.82-1.93), P = 0.30. High rate cut-off or delayed VT therapy was associated with significant reductions in inappropriate therapy among whites, Arm B versus Arm A, HR 0.15, 95% CI (0.08-0.29), P 0.10). However, delayed VT therapy was associated with a trend toward greater reduction in appropriate therapy in black individuals, HR 0.08, 95% CI (0.03-0.27), P < 0.0001 relative to white individuals, HR 0.27, 95% CI (0.16-0.43), P < 0.0001, P interaction = 0.077. CONCLUSION In MADIT-RIT, high rate and delayed detection ICD programming provided similar benefit with reductions in both inappropriate therapy and unnecessary appropriate therapy among black and white individuals. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT00947310.
End-to-end Learning for 3D Facial Animation from Speech

We present a deep learning framework for real-time speech-driven 3D facial animation from speech audio. Our deep neural network directly maps an input sequence of speech spectrograms to a series of micro facial action unit intensities to drive a 3D blendshape face model. In particular, our deep model is able to learn the latent representations of time-varying contextual information and affective states within the speech. Hence, our model not only activates appropriate facial action units at inference to depict different utterance generating actions, in the form of lip movements, but also, without any assumption, automatically estimates emotional intensity of the speaker and reproduces her ever-changing affective states by adjusting strength of related facial unit activations. For example, in a happy speech, the mouth opens wider than normal, while other facial units are relaxed; or both eyebrows raise higher in a surprised state. Experiments on diverse audiovisual corpora of different actors across a wide range of facial actions and emotional states show promising results of our approach. Being speaker-independent, our generalized model is readily applicable to various tasks in human-machine interaction and animation.
Surgical Experience With Genital and Perineal Extramammary Paget's Disease.

Abstract Objective To describe our surgical experience for the treatment and management of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). Methods Our surgical approach involves excising a 2-cm margin of normal appearing skin around the EMPD-suspicious lesion. Prior to excision, the tissue is oriented and demarcated into predefined segments in coordination with a pathologist. Frozen sections are performed when necessary to guide additional excision. Xenograft or wet-to-dry dressings are applied depending on size and location of the wound while the specimen is expeditiously reviewed over the following 24-48 hours. If positive margins remain, further excision of the corresponding skin segment is performed. Delayed complex wound closure +/− split thickness skin grafting is performed once negative margins are confirmed. Results Ten EMPD patients were referred to two academic centers between 2014 and 2018. Two patients had positive lymph nodes at diagnosis and underwent palliative surgery and died within 12 and 29 months. The remaining 8 patients underwent a median of 1 surgery (range 0-3) with referring providers before undergoing a median of 3 surgeries (range 2-5) at our institutions to achieve negative surgical margins and wound reconstruction (7 split thickness skin grafts, 1 secondary closure). At mean follow-up of 15 months, 1 patient recurred, required further excision, and remains disease free. Conclusion EMPD is a rare malignancy with poorly described treatment methodologies. Due to its multifocal distribution and asymmetric spread, obtaining negative margins can be challenging. Our systematic approach to obtaining wide margins and documenting excised skin has enabled us to achieve negative margins for this challenging malignancy.
Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports in Secure Care Juvenile Justice Settings: Feasibility and Sustainability.

The success of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) in typical schools has led to interest in applying PBIS in alternative settings, including secure care programs for incarcerated...
Metoclopramide for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis.

Introduction: Gastroparesis is a chronic disorder of the stomach characterized by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction. Diabetes is the most commonly known cause of gastroparesis...
A Cross Regional Study of Export Performance: Atlantic Provinces and Prairie Region Manufacturers Contrasted

This research study compares the export behavior of Prairie and Atlantic Canadian exporters in a comparative manner. The results indicate that both regions’ exporters are involved in exporting in a passive way. Very few of them have reached the stage of active involvement. Company international marketing operations, in most cases, are characterized as "rare" and "sporadic" involvement.
Characteristics of New Opioid Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries: Identifying High-Risk Patterns.

BACKGROUND: Opioid prescription patterns, including long-term use, multiple prescribers, and high opioid doses, increase the risk for adverse outcomes; however, previous research in older adult pop...
From Detecting the Vulnerable Plaque to Managing the Vulnerable Patient: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Abstract The past decades have seen tremendous progress on elucidating mechanisms leading to acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death. Pathology and imaging studies have identified features of coronary atherosclerosis that precede acute coronary events. However, many factors influence the risk of adverse events from coronary atherosclerotic disease and available data support our transition from focusing on individual “vulnerable plaque,” coronary arterial stenosis, and inducible myocardial ischemia to understanding coronary heart disease as multifactorial, chronic disease. The concept of the vulnerable patient has evolved, with the atheroma burden, its metabolic activity, and the disposition to vascular thrombosis building a platform for assessing central aspects of coronary heart disease. In turn, this model has directed us to a focus on controlling the activity of atherosclerotic disease and on modifying the susceptibility of vascular thrombosis which has led to reduced morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease.
Academic accommodations and modifications

Abstract This chapter starts with a brief overview of the laws schools must follow that mandate providing services for students with disabilities. More specifically, the history and process upon which special education services are offered to students with disabilities through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEIA) will be reviewed. This includes highlighting specific disability areas that students with specific learning disability (SLD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently qualify for services. As part of this, the chapter will highlight the classification differences between disorders diagnosed within the schools and those in the medical/clinical world. Another important law reviewed is Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Once this legal background has been established, differences between accommodations and modifications are discussed. Next, a review of various academic accommodations and modifications that are commonly used is provided, including whether there is any empirical basis supporting their usage. Finally, the chapter focuses on how to decide what accommodations and modifications to implement with particular students, including how to set up a monitoring system and make sure skills are in place so that students with SLD or ADHD are able to benefit from their accommodations and modifications.
Contra Instrumentalism: A Translation Polemic: Contra Instrumentalism: A Translation Polemic, by Lawrence Venuti, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 2019, 216 pp., $20.00 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-49620-513-1

Lawrence Venuti is arguably best known for his prominent strategies, namely, domestication and foreignization, which he discusses at length in The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translatio...
Low Breeding-Site Fidelity Suggests Dispersal of Cerulean Warblers

Site fidelity can have significant impacts on population dynamics and may be influenced by both demographic and environmental characteristics, including age, sex, and habitat quality. We examined breeding-site fidelity of Setophaga cerulea (Cerulean Warbler), a small Nearctic–Neotropical migrant that is listed as endangered in Indiana and in decline throughout its range. Our research was part of a long-term demographic study in the research units of the Hardwood Ecosystem Experiment, southern Indiana. From 2013 to 2018, we banded 128 Cerulean Warblers, 10.2% of which returned the year following initial capture and banding. We did not find significant differences in return rates between adult males (n = 92) and adult females (n = 19; P = 0.69), novice (second-year, n = 20) and experienced (after-second-year, n = 91; P = 1) birds, or successful (n = 40) and unsuccessful breeders (n = 26; P = 0.39). We have yet to detect a bird banded as a hatch-year subsequently return the following season as a second-year (n = 0/17). Our return rates are likely affected by a combination of mortality between breeding seasons, our ability to detect returning birds, and dispersal between breeding seasons. We encourage other researchers to publish rates of Cerulean Warbler site fidelity across its range for comparison of populations and habitats to determine source/sink dynamics.
Evaluating the frequency of positive paraneoplastic antibodies and associated malignancy risk.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between malignancy and frequently positive paraneoplastic antibodies. Methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out for all patients who received paraneoplastic antibody testing in 2013–2014 at a tertiary referral center. Available medical records on included patients were reviewed through July 2020. Patients were divided into antibody positive and negative subgroups. Focused analysis was performed on the subgroup of patients who received testing via a commonly used antibody panel. Results A total of 1860 patients (the full cohort) received 19,323 antibody testing via panel or individual antibody testing, and were followed-up for a mean period of 36.2 months (range 0–83 months). Altogether 229 antibodies in 196 patients were positive, and 9 (3.9%) in 7 patients were against onconeuronal antigens. The remaining 220 (96.1%) were positive for mostly antibodies against cell surface or synaptic antigens. A total of 1161 patients received Mayo Clinic paraneoplastic antibody panel tests (the panel cohort), and 14.9% (173) of these patients possessed one or more positive antibodies. For the panel cohort, no difference was found between antibody positive and negative groups with respect to the prevalence of previously existing malignancy (15.6% versus 16.6%, p = 0.745) or incidence of new malignancy (4.0% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.848) during the follow-up period. No difference was observed in the incidence of new malignancy during follow-up between the antibody positive and negative groups for the 7 most frequently positive antibodies. Conclusions The presence of frequently positive antibodies, mostly to cell surface or synaptic antigens, is not clearly associated with the development of malignancy in the subsequent three years.
Suboptimal therapy following breast conserving surgery in triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer patients.

To assess potential disparities in guideline-concordant care delivery among women with early-stage triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer treated with breast conserving therapy. Women ≥ 40 years old diagnosed with pT2N0M0 triple-negative or HER2-positive breast cancer treated with primary surgery and axillary staging between 2012 and 2017 were identified using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). The primary outcome was receipt of adjuvant systemic therapy and radiation concordant with current guidelines. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to assess the prevalence of optimal therapy use across patient and cancer characteristics. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to assess 5-year overall survival. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare the impact of optimal therapy on 5-year mortality. 11,785 women were included with 7,843 receiving optimal therapy. Receipt of optimal therapy decreased with age even after adjusting for comorbidities and cancer characteristics; other sociodemographic factors were not associated with differences in receipt of optimal therapy. Among patients who did not receive adjuvant systemic therapy, most were not offered the treatment (49%) or refused (40%). Overall 5-year survival was higher among women who received optimal therapy (89% [95% CI 88.0–89.3] vs. 66% [95% CI 62.9–68.5]). Patients who received suboptimal therapy were over twice as likely to die within 5 years of their diagnosis (adjusted HR 2.44, 95% CI 2.12–2.82). Age is the primary determinant of the likelihood of a woman to receive optimal adjuvant therapies in high-risk early-stage breast cancer. Patients who did not receive optimal therapy had significantly diminished survival.