cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Explaining Crime Diversity with Google Street View

Crime diversity is a measure of the variety of criminal offenses in a local environment, similar to ecological diversity. While crime diversity distributions have been explained via neutral models, to date the environmental and social mechanisms behind crime diversity have not been investigated. Building on recent work demonstrating that crime rates can be inferred from street level imagery with neural network computer vision models, in this paper we consider the task of inferring crime diversity through street level imagery. We use the Google Vision API, a deep learning image tagging service, to extract objects from sampled Google Street View (GSV) images in each census block of Los Angeles. For each census block we then compute indices for (1) object diversity, (2) diversity related to commonly employed census variables, and (3) crime diversity from reports provided by the Los Angeles Police Department. We then build ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression models to explain crime diversity as a function of environmental diversity, population diversity, and population size. We show that crime diversity arises via a combination of environmental diversity (as measured through street view object diversity), household diversity (as measured through the census), and population size. Population size and area of the census block both lend credence to the neutral model proposed by Brantingham for crime diversity. However, environmental and demographic diversity combined play an equally important role in explaining variation in crime diversity. Our study has two primary implications for research on crime and place. First, Google Street View (via the Google Vision API) can provide important, cost-effective empirical insights to best understand distinct geographic environments of crime. Second, environmental diversity, as measured by image tagging in GSV, was observed to be more predictive of crime diversity (variety of crime types) than commonly used census measures.
Lean production and operational performance: The influence of organizational culture

Abstract The use of lean production methods to drive sustainable competitive advantage has been a cornerstone of worldwide manufacturing strategy since the early 1980's. Unfortunately, success from using lean has been mixed. Some researchers suggest that contextual variables play a central role in explaining the inconsistent results. This study evaluates the role of one critical contextual variable, organizational culture, in realizing operational improvements from lean. We investigate the influence of four distinct organizational cultures, as well as a hybrid culture and a firm's ability to be culturally ambidextrous, on the relationship between lean and operational performance, as measured by cost, quality, delivery and flexibility. We find that lean is able to maximize cost reduction in any organizational culture setting, but requires a supportive organizational culture to maximize quality, delivery, and flexibility improvements. Further, realizing quality improvements from lean is particularly sensitive to organizational culture. We also find that a developmental culture is the most supportive of lean; it outperforms all other individual cultures and performs as well as more complex cultural arrangements, such as a hybrid culture or a firm's ability to be culturally ambidextrous. Since a developmental culture is characterized by flexibility and an ability to embrace change, we propose that these organizational attributes unleash an advanced implementation of lean which results in superior operational performance.
Magic wavelengths for the 5s-18s transition in rubidium

Magic wavelengths, for which there is no differential ac Stark shift for the ground and excited state of the atom, allow trapping of excited Rydberg atoms without broadening the optical transition. This is an important tool for implementing quantum gates and other quantum information protocols with Rydberg atoms, and reliable theoretical methods to find such magic wavelengths are thus extremely useful. We use a high-precision all-order method to calculate magic wavelengths for the 5s−18s transition of rubidium, and compare the calculation to experiment by measuring the light shift for atoms held in an optical dipole trap at a range of wavelengths near a calculated magic value.
Multiparty electoral competition in the Netherlands and Germany: A model based on multinomial probit

A typical assumption of electoral models of party competition is that parties adopt policy positions so as to maximize expected vote share. Here we use Euro-barometer survey data and European elite-study data from 1979 for the Netherlands and Germany to construct a stochastic model of voter response, based on multinomial probit estimation. For each of these countries, we estimate a pure spatial electoral voting model and a joint spatial model. The latter model also includes individual voter and demographic characteristics. The pure spatial models for the two countries quite accurately described the electoral response as a stochastic function of party positions. We use these models to perform a thought experiment so as to estimate the expected vote maximizing party positions. We go on to propose a model of internal party decision-making based both on pre-election electoral estimation and post-election coalition bargaining. This model suggests why the various parties in the period in question did not adopt vote maximizing positions. We argue that maximizing expected vote will not, in general, be a rational party strategy in multiparty political systems which are based on proportional representation.
Low-Cost Multimode WDM for Local Area Networks

With desktop computers requiring ever more communication bandwidth, fiber-optics has become an essential part of the Local Area Network (LAN).
Inter-American Notes Conferences

Between July 23 and July 25, 2014, the University of Montevideo hosted the Fourth Jornadas Internacionales de Historia del Paraguay, with sponsorship from the Universities of Georgia, Koln, and Rennes 2. Organized by Thomas Whigham and Juan Manuel Casal, the conference included 45 presenters and 70 attendees traveling to the Uruguayan capital from the United States, Germany, Spain, Italy, Paraguay, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and Paraguay. Students from both the National and Catholic Universities of Asuncion also took part with one of their number, Claudio Jose Fuentes Armadans (Universidad Catolica), providing an interesting presentation on the history of the Liberal Party. First-time contributors to the conference included Carlos Gomez Florentin (SUNY Stony Brook), who discussed the environmental history of the hydroelectric complex at Itaipu, and Justin Michael Heath (University of Texas, Austin), who traced the evolution of frontier security in the early Jesuit missions. The Jornadas also benefited from repeat contributors, including Ignacio Telesca (Universidad Nacional de Formosa/CONICET), who analyzed the historical content of Paraguayan textbooks in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and Bridget Maria Chesterton, who discussed how the “sweet herb” ka’a he’e (stevia) has affected markets and habits of consumption in more recent times.
Efficient electronic communication between two identical ferrocene centers in a hydrogen-bonded dimer.

A novel ferrocene derivative that contains a donor−donor−acceptor−acceptor (DDAA) hydrogen bonding motif forms highly stable, noncovalent dimers in chloroform and dichloromethane solutions. Its voltammetric behavior and the observation of an intervalence charge-transfer band reveal that the two equivalent ferrocene centers in the hydrogen-bonded dimer exhibit a surprisingly efficient level of electronic communication.
What Mathematics can do for Sustainability

where A is affluence and T is technology. Such an equation, of course, is more a placeholder than a device for computation and analysis, but it foreshadowed the challenges that society faces today. How can our global society continue to enjoy the fruits of the Earth, in the face of a still-growing global population and increasing per capita demands, while assuring that future generations will still be able to enjoy high-quality lives? Some expectations, born perhaps of too much trust in technological advances, are that future generations will enjoy richer and richer lives; but, recognizing that the Earth’s resources are finite, a more realistic but still difficult goal is to aspire for sustainability, the concept that future generations should at least have the same options that we enjoy (World Commission on Environment and Development 1987; Levin and Clark 2010). The notion of sustainability has many dimensions, including but not limited to energy and natural resources, cultural and biological diversity, and the goods and
Copper in pillow basalts from la désirade, Lesser Antilles island arc

Abstract Native copper occurs in hematitic and zeolitic pillow basalts (spilites) of Cretaceous age or older from La Desirade, Lesser Antilles. No similar occurrence has been described from the Greater or Lesser Antilles. The copper bearing basalts are anomalously old in a region of active subduction and are remnants of oceanic crust or island arc tholeiites
1002 QUANTITATIVE PROTECTION STUDIES IN A SUCKLING PAT MODEL OF GROUP B STREPTCCOCCAL SEPSIS

Group B streptococci (GBS) are a major cause of sepsis and meningitis in the newborn. Neonatal susceptibility to GBS infection appears to be associated with a deficiency of opsonic antibody to GBS. The present studies were designed to determine if human antibodies protective for one type III GBS strain provide uniform protection for other type III strains. IgG was affinity purified from pooled human immunoglobulin using a staphylococcal protein A immunoabsorbant. The relative titers of IgG antibodies to group B and type III (native and core) antigens were determined. To evaluate protection, suckling rats were challenged S.Q. with each of 4 different clinical isolates of GBS type III followed immediately by various concentrations of purified IgG given IP. With 5 or 10 μg of IgG significant survival occurred in animals challenged with one strain (17/20, 85%), whereas this amount of antibody afforded no protection against the other 3 strains (0/27). Administration of 20 μg of IgG provided some protection for 2 of these strains (7/23, 3/9), but uniform lethality occurred with the fourth strain even when more than 40 μg IgG was given. These studies demonstrate that four type III GBS strains require different amounts of human IgG for protection. Strain variability must be examined in future investigations of vaccine induced or passively acquired IgG for protection against GBS disease.
Effect of growth factors on the proliferation and gene expression of human meibomian gland epithelial cells.

PURPOSE. We hypothesize that growth factors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bovine pituitary extract (BPE), induce proliferation, but not differentiation (e.g., lipid accumulation), of human meibomian gland epithelial cells. We also hypothesize that these actions involve a significant upregulation of genes linked to cell cycle processes, and a significant downregulation of genes associated with differentiation. Our objective was to test these hypotheses. METHODS. Immortalized human meibomian gland and conjunctival epithelial cells were cultured for varying time periods in the presence or absence of EGF, BPE, EGF þ BPE, or serum, followed by cell counting, neutral lipid staining, or RNA isolation for molecular biological procedures. RESULTS. Our studies show that growth factors stimulate a significant, time-dependent proliferation of human meibomian gland epithelial cells. These effects are associated with a significant upregulation of genes linked to cell cycle, DNA replication, ribosomes, and translation, and a significant decrease in those related to cell differentiation, tissue development, lipid metabolic processes, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling. Serum-induced differentiation, but not growth factor-related proliferation, elicits a pronounced lipid accumulation in human meibomian gland epithelial cells. This lipogenic response is unique, and is not duplicated by human conjunctival epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS. Our results demonstrate that EGF and BPE stimulate human meibomian gland epithelial cells to proliferate. Further, our findings show that action is associated with an upregulation of cell cycle and translation ontologies, and a downregulation of genetic pathways linked to differentiation and lipid biosynthesis.
Role of Nuclear Scintigraphy in the Characterization and Management of the Salivary Component of Sjögren's Syndrome

The American-European Consensus Group, in its classification criteria of Sjogren's syndrome (SS), consigns dynamic salivary scintigraphy to providing objective evidence of xerostomia, a secondary role. In the current SS therapeutic environment, scintigraphy's ability to differentiate parenchymal damage from neuropathic or other derangements of the salivary apparatus may prove more valuable than its role as a diagnostic modality. The procedure itself is highly process-dependent and its discriminatory power task-dependent. A multiplicity of data collection protocols and interpretative approaches tends to corrode the validity of its diagnostic information. Salivary scintigraphy's clinical utility might be extended by standardization of its test protocol and uniformity in its interpretative algorithms.
High Frequency Applications For Two-Dimensional Periodic Substrates

The use of advanced ceramic fabrication, specifically, the Indirect Solid Free Form method was utilized to develop high frequency periodic substrates. The electrically thick substrates have reduced substrate modes because of periodic inclusions that are spaced in a two dimensional lattice. The inclusions can serve multiple purposes, to inhibit coupling between elements on the substrate and to control and manipulate the waves as well. As an example, Alumina rods in air have been periodically placed to block the formation of parasitic parallel plate modes. The periodic arrangement creates a two dimensional spatial filter in that fields evanesce in the substrate in all directions. The ceramic substrates block energy in the range of 30 to 40 GHz by using inclusions 1.05 mm wide in a lattice of 3.2 mm. The evanescent nature of the high frequency substrate is then utilized to create a high quality defect mode resonance with a Q of 1308 at 34.48 GHz that can be utilized for high-Q filters embedded in the substrate.
Use of doubled haploids in maize breeding: implications for intellectual property protection and genetic diversity in hybrid crops

Through the concerted use of doubled haploidy (DH), molecular markers and off-season nurseries, maize (Zea mays L.) breeders have unprecedented capabilities to quickly and precisely create progeny with desired levels of similarity to either parents of a commercial hybrid. Genotypic data from both simulated and from actual populations created either by single seed descent or through doubled haploidy were examined for the initial and subsequent generations. Simulation data showed that DH progeny inherited larger blocks of parental chromosomes; approximately seven out of 10 chromosomes had intact segments of 50% or greater. By the third DH generation progeny can be selected that are more than 90% similar to either parent of the initial commercial hybrid. Actual marker data from the initial DH generation showed a maximum parental contribution of 88.4% compared to 78.7% for progeny developed by single seed descent (SSD). The number of intact chromosomes was higher among DH progeny than among progeny bred by SSD. Use of DH facilitates access to germplasm that is already present in commercial maize hybrids. Available technologies coupled with the intellectual property protection regime will influence decisions made by plant breeders in the balance of exotic compared to well-adapted germplasm they choose to access for further cycles.
Potential Applications and Limitations of Proteomics in the Study of Neurological Disease

Proteomics represents the comprehensive study of cellular proteins and is aimed at analyzing their structure, function, expression, interactions, and localization in complex biological systems. The information obtained from these types of analyses can contribute to our understanding of the function of individual proteins by identifying proteinprotein interactions and dynamic protein networks found in normal and diseased conditions. Genomic (DNA) or transcriptomic (messenger RNA) approaches alone do not take into account changes in protein stability, localization, and posttranslational modifications that are often critical determinants of protein function and, by extension, cellular behavior. Although proteomic methods still require significant technical advances to provide a truly “global” or “comprehensive” measure of gene expression similar to that achieved by DNA microarrays, recent advances in proteomics are beginning to provide a means to simultaneously characterize the expression of thousands of proteins in a whole cell or biofluid proteome and hundreds of proteins in select subcellular structures or protein complexes. The information obtained from these studies should promote a better understanding of disease conditions,helptherapeuticdecisionmaking,andpotentiallyfostertheidentificationoftherapeutictargets
On using neural networks in UAV structural design for CFD data fitting and classification

Abstract In this paper, we present a novel technique based upon artificial neural network (ANN), for applying aerodynamic pressure loads on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the purpose of carrying out finite element (FE) analysis during its structural design process. The objective of the work aims at carrying out one way fluid–solid interaction (FSI) for UAV structural design, in which aerodynamics loads obtained from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis are applied on the vehicle structure for steady-state static FE analysis. CFD analysis of the UAV was performed using FLUENT ® software. While, the FE analysis of the UAV was performed in ANSYS ® software. As CFD and FE software employ different meshing schemes, thus pressure points coordinates obtained from CFD are not concurrent with the FE mesh. A methodology was, therefore, devised using artificial neural networks to generate pressure functions. In this method, aerodynamic pressure data was first sorted in terms of coordinates for different regions; a feed forward back propagation neural network model was then trained for each data set to generate approximate pressure functions in terms of coordinates. These pressure equations are subsequently used for applying pressure loads on the aircraft for strength and stiffness computation and internal layout design of the UAV structure. The work exhibits successful employment of ANN to match actual pressure profile on the aircraft. In comparison with conventional 3D regression techniques, this technique yielded very satisfactory and reliable results. It has been shown that this technique provided superior performance in comparison with 2D curve fitting employing higher order polynomials.
Temperature effect on the action of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on secretion of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (IRβEP) in TM3 and AtT-20 cell lines

Abstract Testicular function is sensitive to chemical and thermal stresses. To investigate the effects of small temperature changes on CRH-stimulated βEP release, we employed TM3 cells, a mouse prepubertal Leydig cell line that secretes irβEP. To monitor βEP secretion from these cells we used the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. After 3.5 hr incubation of cells with hormone, the EC50 of the CRH dose-response curve at 34°C and 37°C were 0.1 nM and 1 nM, respectively. For comparison, we also investigated the effect of temperature on CRH-stimulated βEP release from a non-testicular cell line, AtT-20, a mouse anterior pituitary cell line. Using radioimmunoassay to measure irβEP levels in the media of AtT-20 cells, the EC50 S for the CRH dose-response curve at 34°C and 37°C were 0.2 nM and 2 nM, respectively, at 1 h. After 3.5 h this temperature dependent difference in EC50 was still observed. These results suggest that CRH receptors or post-receptor actions in Leydig cells and anterior pituitary corticotropes are sensitive to small temperature changes.
The human phospholamban gene: structure and expression.

Abstract Phospholamban, through modulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase activity, is a key regulator of cardiac diastolic function. Alterations in phospholamban expression may define parameters of muscle relaxation. In experimental animals, phospholamban is differentially expressed in various striated and smooth muscles, and within the four chambers of the heart. Decreased phospholamban expression within the heart during heart failure has also been observed. Furthermore, regulatory elements of mammalian phospholamban genes remain poorly defined. To extend these studies to humans, we (1) characterized phospholamban expression in various human organs, (2) isolated genomic clones encoding the human phospholamban gene, and (3) prepared human phospholamban promoter/luciferase reporter constructs and performed transient transfection assays to begin identification of regulatory elements. We observed that human ventricle and quadriceps displayed high levels of phospholamban transcripts and proteins, with markedly lower expression observed in smooth muscles, while the right atria also expressed low levels of phospholamban. The human phospholamban gene structure closely resembles that reported for chicken, rabbit, rat, and mouse. Comparison of the human to other mammalian phospholamban genes indicates a marked conservation of sequence for at least 217 bp upstream of the transcription start site, which contains conserved motifs for GATA, CP1/NFY, M-CAT-like, and E-box elements. Transient transfection assays with a series of plasmids containing deleted 5′ flanking regions (between −2530 and −66 through +85) showed that sequences between −169 and the CP1-box at −93 were required for maximal promoter activity in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Activity of these reporters in HeLa cells was markedly lower than that observed in rat cardiomyocytes, suggesting at least a partial tissue selectivity of these reporter constructs.
Photonic crystal microcavity source-based chemical sensor

An ultra-small photonic crystal (PC) optical microcavity to detect small changes in concentration of chemical analytes in solutions is demonstrated. The high electric field concentration in small modal volumes of PC microcavities leads to high quality factor and efficient light-matter interaction with ultrasmall volumes of analyte and makes PC microcavities very sensitive to changes in refractive index of the surrounding medium. A linear PC microcavity was fabricated with four missing holes in a triangular lattice of air rods in a GaAs slab with an embedded quantum-dot active region on a GaAs substrate. The detection scheme depends upon the shifts of the sharp resonances supported by polymer-coated PC microcavities, due to change in refractive index, when in contact with a solution with a particular ionic concentration. For ClO 4 - anions, the resonance peaks shift by 20nm over the concentration range 10 -3 M to 10 -6 M. A smaller shift of 5nm is observed for Ca 2+ ions over the same range. The device is a demonstration of PC microcavities in ion sensing. The microcavity sensing area is smaller than in microsphere-based detection or surface plasmon resonance imaging techniques and the devices are ideal as optical sensors for lab-on-a-chip microfluidic applications with minuscule volumes of analyte.
Problems with the gas-calibrated PCO2 electrode.

Abstract The P CO 2 of tonometered human blood was measured with three different Radiometer P CO 2 electrodes mounted in three different blood gas analysis systems. When the P CO 2 electrode was calibrated with humidified gases it measured the PCO 2 of gases accurately but showed a consistent error measuring the PCO 2 of human blood. This error was reduced but not abolished by calibrating the electrode over a wide range of P CO 2 and by measuring each sample repeatedly. The PCO 2 of human blood was measured accurately by electrodes calibrated with tonometered human blood or buffer. The electrode responded differently to gas and human blood. This could not be explained by an electrode memory effect or by exchange of CO 2 between the sample and the electrode. When human, rat, dog and blood were tonometered and measured under identical conditions, the difference between gas and blod P CO 2 varied. The error of measurement in all species was greatest at high P CO 2 .
Harnessing natures ability to control metal ion coordination geometry using de novo designed peptides

Advances in protein chemistry and molecular and structural biology have empowered modern chemists to build complex biological architectures using a “first principles” approach, which is known as de novoprotein design. In this Perspective we demonstrate how simple three-stranded α-helical constructs can be prepared by the sole consideration of the primary amino acid sequence of a peptide. With these well defined systems, we then demonstrate that metal binding cavities can be carved out of the hydrophobic cores of these aggregates in order to bind metal ions such as cadmium with well defined coordination geometries. Examples will be given of homoleptic CdS3 complexes, CdS3O sites and proteins which contain equilibrium mixtures of these two species. We will provide a description of a strategy that allows us to build heterochromic peptides (small proteins that complex two metals in nearly identical environments but which result in different physical properties and allow for metal site selectivity). We conclude with a new class of designed peptides, diastereopeptides, which can exploit changes in amino acid chirality to control metal ion coordination number and lead to an alternative path towards heterochromic systems. The constructs described herein represent the initial steps of preparing protein structures that may simultaneous contain structural and catalytic metal binding centers. These studies inform the community on a developing field, which promises new opportunities for the study of bioinorganic chemistry.
Riker-Todd: A Salvaged Ohio Hopewell Mound

Riker-Todd was a Middle Woodland Hopewell Mound located on a glaciated upland in Union Township, Butler County, Ohio. Radiocarbon dating and anthropogenic stratigraphy indicate that there were at least three different mound building episodes between ca. 5 B.C. to A.D. 631. Stylistically distinctive artifacts and mtDNA from Riker-Todd Mound fall within the range of other Middle Woodland Hopewell sites in North America and most closely resemble those from Mound 25 of the Hopewell Mound Group, including a large corner-notched, flaked-stone biface manufactured from Knife River flint. Although maize was part of the Hopewell diet, stable carbon obtained from human bone collagen failed to find an isotopic signature.
Interrill erosion in soils with different land uses: The kinetic energy wetting effect on temporal particle size distribution

article i nfo Millions of hectares of cropland have slopes of less than 2%, which can result in an enormous amount of pollutants transported with clay-silt sized particles via interrill erosion. However, few studies have attempted to understand the detachment-transport mechanism of particles with different wetting processes as determined by the surface soil cover of a field. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of different wetting rates on the runoff rate, temporal sediment particle size distribution (PSD), and sediment delivery rate produced via interrill erosion in low slopes under two contrasting tillage systems. Selected sites were under continuous corn rotations on Maury silt loam (Typic Paleudalf) or corn/soybean on Calloway silt (Aquic Fragiudult), both under either moldboard plow (MT) or no-till (NT) soil management. A nozzle-type rain simulator was used to deliver 87.5 mm h −1 for 1 h on a plot of 1 m 2 . High kinetic energy wetting (HKE) was evaluated on a bare soil surface. Low kinetic energy wetting (LKE) was accomplished by covering the bare soil surface with layers of plastic mesh. Soil texture and aggregate stability were more important than overland flow in modifying the temporal PSD. Transport capacity appears to be diminished due to soil cover, making all predictions based on settling velocity ineffective. Comparison between HKE and LKE showed that soils can produce different temporal PSD in the sediment without changes in total soil loss. HKE increases both the total and temporal sediment delivery rate (Di) values. Observed differences in Di were consequences not of particle size but of the number of particles released. Published by Elsevier B.V.
DUODENAL ULCERATION IN CHILDREN.

Summary Out of a total of 483 barium meal examinations of children with symptoms of peptic ulcer, forty-six cases with ulcer craters in the duodenum were found. These cases are analysed with regard to sex incidence, age incidence and especially with regard to the presence or otherwise of associated indirect signs of duodenal abnormality. The significance of these signs is discussed and a plea is made for their greater recognition.
Evidence for seasonal variation in aggressive behaviour by Macaca mulatta

Observations were made on the Macaca mulatta colony on the island of Cayo Santiago over a period that included two reproductive cycles. The frequency of aggressive behaviour was found to fluctuate cyclically as a function of the colony's reproductive state. Males were wounded and died significantly more frequently during the mating season than at any other time of year. Females were wounded about as often during the mating season as during the birth season, and more died during the birth season than during the mating season, although not significantly so. There was no significant difference between sexes in age at death, nor was there a significant departure from expectation of number of deaths per age class. However, mortality among the reproductively mature males was greater than among mature females. It was suggested that differential injury and mortality rates among adult males might be an indirect result of high levels of androgens which could conceivably alter threshold levels for stimuli initiating severe aggressive interactions.
Experimental validation of a mathematical model for fixed-bed desulfurization

Porous particles of two commercially available ZnO sorbents differing in porosity, surface area, and pore-size distribution were reacted with H[sub 2]S at 500 and 600 C in a fixed-bed reactor. Concentration breakthrough curves were determined by analyzing the effluent of the reactor using a gas chromotograph equipped with thermal conductivity and flame photometric detectors. The pore structure of samples collected from different positions in the reactor was analyzed by mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption to determine the variation of the average structural properties of the sorbent with the length of the reactor. The obtained experimental data were used to validate a fixed-bed desulfurization model, which employs detailed submodels for diffusion, reaction, and structure evolution in the porous sorbent particles. With the various parameters appearing in the submodels determined from independent thermogravimetric reactivity evolution experiments, the fixed-bed desulfurization model was found to be capable of providing an excellent description of the behavior of the desulfurization sorbents in a fixed-bed reactor.
Evaluating Clinical Competence With the New Fieldwork Evaluation

The new Fieldwork Evaluation for the Occupational Therapist has been developed and tested through a series of field tests. With use, careful attention to issues arising from its application, and additional research, the Fieldwork Evaluation can be retained and updated to meet changes in clinical education and evaluation procedures.
Gas-Phase Photoelectron Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of 1,2-Dichalcogenins: Ionization Energies, Orbital Assignments, and an Explanation of Their Color

Gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations are used to study the electronic structure of 1,2-dichalcogenins. Photoelectron spectra are reported for 1,2-dithiin, 3,6-dimethyl-...
Laser-pulsed As(0001): A vivid example of oxidation modification

A remarkably vivid example of oxidation modification is produced on As(0001) by 10 ns pulses in air from a 308 nm XeCl excimer laser focused to an energy density of 1 (J/cm 2 )/pulse. On unpulsed, freshly cleaved As(0001), triangular epitaxial oxide interference layers are formed by air exposure in a few days. In contrast, pulsed areas appear inert toward oxidation for several days with an apparent reduction in initial oxidation rate by a factor of 200. Rutherford backscattering and ion channeling with 3.05 MeV 4 He + show both the destruction of a single crystal surface and the absence of a protective oxide layer on pulsed As(0001).
Bottom-up beats top-down for datalog

We show that for any safe datalog program P1 and any query Q (predicate of P1 with some bound arguments), there is another safe datalog program P2 that produces the answer to Q and takes no more time when evaluated by semi-naive evaluation than when P1 is evaluated topdown.
Historiography of the Holocaust A Cautionary Tale for Public Administration

This article examines the historiography of the Holocaust and its implications for public administration. The analysis shows how bureaucratic procedures and values carried out by regular civil servants were essential to both the formulation and implementation of the Holocaust. This cautionary tale urges public administrators to reflect on the possibility that their systems and actions can contribute to the worst kinds of human behavior and to consider incorporating the Holocaust into the identity of the field.
An FRAM-Based Nonvolatile Logic MCU SoC Exhibiting 100% Digital State Retention at ${\rm VDD}=$ 0 V Achieving Zero Leakage With ${ 400-ns Wakeup Time for ULP Applications

This paper presents a nonvolatile logic (NVL)-based 32-b microcontroller system-on-chip (SoC) that backs up its working state (all flip-flops) upon receiving a power interrupt, has zero leakage in sleep mode, and needs less than 400 ns to restore the system state upon power-up. Nonvolatile Fe-Cap-based mini-arrays backup the machine state and allow the chip to wake up instantly after a power cycle. Without NVL, a chip would either have to keep all flip-flops powered, resulting in high standby power, or waste energy and time rebooting after power-up. NVL allows systems to use leakier processes to achieve higher performance/lower dynamic power while still having zero leakage in the sleep mode. Optimized system, architecture, and circuit techniques are presented that make NVL practical by adding only 3.6% to the SoC area. Since nonvolatile elements are added to the SoC, reliability and testability have to be key features of the design. This is the first NVL SoC with measured NVL bitcell read signal margin data and extensive test and debug capabilities. The chip is fabricated in a commercial 130-nm low-leakage process and uses a single 1.5-V power supply.
The effect of bromoacetylalprenololmentane on rat atrial tension development and β-adrenoreceptors

Abstract In isolated rat atria, 1 μM bromoacetylalprenololmentane shifted the tension development curve for isoproterenol to the right of the control curve. After a 2 h washout period, no significant recovery of the isoproterenol concentration-response curve had occurred. Pretreatment of rat atrial membranes with 1 μM bromoacetylalprenololmentane resulted in an 83% decrease in the concentration of β-adrenoceptors with no change in the K D value for [ 125 I]iodocyanopindolol binding to the receptors left. The results indicated that bromoacetylalprenololmentane was an irreversible β-blocker.
Alkali flame ionization detector for gas chromatography using an alkali salt aerosol as the enhancement source

Abstract A new design of an alkali flame ionization detector (AFID) is presented and differs from other configurations in that the enhancement source is introduced as an aerosol into a flame ionization detector (FID) rather than as a stationary solid bead positioned above a FID flame. This aerosol enters the detector as a hydrogen flame located perpendicular to the FID jet. Because the present design permits a constant and fresh supply of alkali salt to reach the detector, detector response does not fatigue over time. This AFID design also allows for operation as a FID by implementing a simple pneumatic procedure. This paper will deal with the performance and optimization of the detector in the phosphorous mode. The linear range for triethylphosphate exceeds four orders of magnitude. Selectivity ratios are in the four orders of magnitude range and detection limits for organophosphorus compounds studied ranged from 2.38 to 14.2 pg P/s.
Soft Tissue Strain and Facet Face Interaction in the Lumbar Intervertebral Joint—Part I: Input Data and Computational Technique

A numerical simulation was devised to determine ligament strains, facet face interaction, and disk fiber strain in the lumbar intervertebral joint under load. This technique uses experimentally derived load deflection and morphologic data from lumbar cadaver specimens from which initial and displaced soft tissue attachment points can be calculated. This allows the strain data to be derived. The effect of disk bulge is also considered. The calculated strains of most ligaments except the facet capsular ligaments were found to be insensitive to anatomical measurement variability of +/- 1 mm.
Increased ethanol production and tolerance by a pyruvate-negative mutant of Clostridium saccharolyticum

To improve the conversion of hexoses and pentoses to ethanol, a pyruvate-negative (PN) mutant of Clostridium saccharolyticum, having lower acetate kinase activity, was obtained. The PN mutant used more substrate (glucose or xylose) and produced more biomass and ethanol, but less acetic acid. This shift in catabolism raised the ethanol/acetate ratio from 6.7 to 13. The PN mutant converted both glucose and xylose to ethanol at an efficiency of 80% of the theoretical yield as compared to 64% for C. saccharolyticum wild type. This improved production of ethanol was also accompanied by an increased tolerance to ethanol. The PN mutant showed 50% growth inhibition at an ethanol concentration of 6.5% (v/v) as compared to 3.5% for the parent strain.
Simulation of current-injection and all-optical nanophotonic semiconductor devices with multi-level multi-electron FDTD model

Simulating the spatial-temporal behaviors of novel nanophotonic semiconductor devices is challenging, as it has to deal with complex electromagnetic structures and semiconductor carrier dynamics. We report successful simulation of current-injection photonic-crystal laser and all-optical photonic transistor using our multi-level multi-electron FDTD model.
A Spectral Boundary Integral Equation Method for the 2D Helmholtz Equation

In this paper, we present a new numerical formulation of solving the boundary integral equations reformulated from the Helmholtz equation. The boundaries of the problems are assumed to be smooth closed contours. The solution on the boundary is treated as a periodic function, which is in turn approximated by a truncated Fourier series. A Fourier collocation method is followed in which the boundary integral equation is transformed into a system of algebraic equations. It is shown that in order to achieve spectral accuracy for the numerical formulation, the non-smoothness of the integral kernels, associated with the Helmholtz equation, must be carefully removed. The emphasis of the paper is on investigating the essential elements of removing the non-smoothness of the integral kernels in the spectral implementation. The present method is robust for a general smooth boundary contour. Aspects of efficient implementation of the method using FFT are also discussed. Numerical examples of wave scattering are given in which the exponential accuracy of the present numerical method is demonstrated.
Influence of natural radioactivity on creep rate

Abstract Steady-state creep in the earth's mantle is controlled by the diffusion coefficient and by the distances traveled by defects between sources and sinks. In this paper, we investigate the role played by additional vacancies created by natural radioactivity. According to recent studies, bombardment of solids by energetic particles can act as a perturbation. The resulting strain rate is proportional to the rate of vacancy creation and, contrary to ordinary creep mechanisms, is only weakly dependent on the temperature and the energy necessary to create those vacancies; it is independent of the grain size. The strain rate is of the same order of magnitude as the diffusion mechanism but smaller than the dislocation-climb rate by two to three orders of magnitude. Consequently, the strain rate produced by natural radioactivity does not play a major role in the observed rate of deformation, although it could constitute a lower limit to the creep rate and act as a regulatory mechanism. Furthermore, being less strongly affected by temperature and the vacancy-formation energy than are the other mechanisms, it is also less strongly affected by depth.
Haywire in Hollywood: Girlhood Memories by Movieland Daughters

(1989). Haywire in Hollywood: Girlhood Memories by Movieland Daughters. Journal of Popular Film and Television: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 138-147.
Mechanical properties of irradiated 9Cr–2WVTa steel with and without nickel

Abstract Tensile and Charpy specimens of normalized-and-tempered ORNL 9Cr–2WVTa reduced-activation steel and that steel composition containing 2% Ni (9Cr–2WVTa–2Ni) were irradiated at 376–405 °C in the experimental breeder reactor (EBR-II) to 23–33 dpa. Steels were irradiated in two tempered conditions: 1 h at 700 °C and 1 h at 750 °C. The mechanical properties before and after irradiation of the 9Cr–2WVTa–2Ni steel were quite similar to those of the 9Cr–2WVTa steel, indicating no adverse effect of the nickel. Neither of the steels showed excessive hardening or a large increase in ductile–brittle transition temperature.
Light-induced electron transfer in Tl[Ag(CN)2]: Photochemical reaction of luminescent metal–metal exciplexes in the solid state

Abstract Photoluminescence spectra of Tl[Ag(CN) 2 ] as a function of exposure time are reported. UV irradiation of a Tl[Ag(CN) 2 ] crystal at low temperature (77 K) results in a decrease of the luminescence intensity and creation of a non-luminescing species. The process is reversible by heating the sample to room temperature so that the original luminescing species is reformed again. A light-induced electron transfer mechanism is proposed in which a [Ag(CN) 2 ] 3 3− trimer is reduced to a [Ag(CN) 2 ] 3 4− trimer by Tl + .
A note on the optimal stopping parking problem

We consider the classic optimal parking problem in DeGroot (1970) [1] and Puterman (2005), but in which the driver has a general parking utility function. If the utility function is k -modal, we show that the driver's optimal policy involves at most k sequences of skipping and parking in the first available spot.
A SOI-CMOS compatible smart yarn technology

Smart yarns and intelligent textiles have been researched for quite some time. However, most smart yarns and textiles developed so far do not come with sophisticated functionalities due to the fact that silicon-based sensors and CMOS circuits cannot be seamlessly integrated. This paper reports a SOI-CMOS compatible technology to fabricate smart yarns, enabling the monolithic and invisible integration of CMOS and sensors. A tubular shaped parylene smart yarn with reinforcing PMDS core has been developed. Isotropic XeF2 silicon etching and conformal parylene coating were used to form the outer shell and release the electronic/sensing components from a SOI wafer. PDMS cores were injected after the release to reinforce and strengthen the yarns. To prove the concept, silicon strain gauges and MOSFETs were first integrated.
Gross hematuria in 110 adult urologic hospital patients

Abstract An analysis of 110 consecutive adult urologic admissions with gross hematuria revealed that 23 per cent were found to have genitourinary carcinoma as the cause of the hematuria, The other leading causes of hematuria were infection and inflammation (29 per cent), benign prostatic hypertrophy (18 per cent), and stone disease (14 per cent). This series amply bears out the age old urologic maxim that gross hematuria must be evaluated thoroughly.
Neutron depth profiling at the National Bureau of Standards

Abstract The recently established neutron depth profiling facility at the 10 MW reactor of the National Bureau of Standards in Gaithersburg, MD is described. The facility uses a 9.5 mm diameter neutron beam filtered through 200 mm of single crystal sapphire to give an intensity of 3 × 10 8 n/s, a cadmium ratio for gold of 10 4 and a gamma dose of only 200 mrad/h. Examples of initial work are: range measurements with boron implanted in silicon; observations on near-surface boron in glass; and boron concentration profiles in thin layers of borophosphosilicate glass.
Modeling New Party Performance: A Conceptual and Methodological Approach for Volatile Party Systems

This study of new political parties in the Third Wave democracies of Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Venezuela conceptualizes the early life of a party as a developmental phase. The analysis uses latent trajectory modeling to identify five qualitatively distinctive performance profiles, which the author calls "explosive," "contender," "flash," "flat," and "flop" trajectories. This finding challenges the conventional approaches used in the study of new party performance, where scholars classify parties using subjective criteria, often into the successful/failed dichotomy. In unstable party systems, where we expect greater diversity in the performance profiles of new parties, latent trajectory modeling is preferred because it yields a result more consistent with extant theorizing on new parties. In stable systems, as in the case of Chile, the approaches can yield similar results. Nevertheless, the case of Venezuela (1958-88) demonstrates that even in stable party systems, the modeling approach used here can identify important variation that alternatives might miss.
Stability studies of coal-derived liquids

Abstract The ageing characteristics of liquid products derived from the hydrogenation of coal have been studied. Viscometric, spectrometric, ultimate analysis, solvent separations and oxygen consumption measurements have been employed to monitor the storage properties of the coal-derived liquids under a variety of environmental conditions. These studies show that the coal-derived liquids are very susceptible to oxidative degradation. Rates of this degradation process, based on viscosity measurements, are related to the initial viscosity of the coal-derived liquid, storage temperature and concentration of oxygen in the gaseous environment over the liquids. Analysis of aged samples show the components of higher molecular weight with functional components are most susceptible to the oxidation process. Although the total coal-derived liquids are more susceptible to oxidative degradation than the petroleum-derived boiler feedstocks, removal of the most reactive components from the coal-derived liquids, by solvent separation, results in a fuel that has analogous stability characteristics as the petroleum products.
Developmental implications of shared versus distinct perceptions of the family in early adolescence

Family members hold both shared and distinct subjective evaluations of the family environment; perceptions are distinct when this serves the developmental agenda of the child.