cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genomic Diversity and Fitness of E. coli Strains Recovered from the Intestinal and Urinary Tracts of Women with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in women, and recurrence is a major clinical problem. Most UTIs are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC are generally thought to migrate from the gut to the bladder to cause UTI. UPEC form specialized intracellular bacterial communities in the bladder urothelium as part of a pathogenic mechanism to establish a foothold during acute stages of infection. Evolutionarily, such a specific adaptation to the bladder environment would be predicted to result in decreased fitness in other habitats, such as the gut. To examine this prediction, we characterized 45 E. coli strains isolated from the feces and urine of four otherwise healthy women with recurrent UTI. Multilocus sequence typing and whole genome sequencing revealed that two patients maintained a clonal population in both these body habitats throughout their recurrent UTIs, whereas the other two exhibited a wholesale shift in the dominant UPEC strain colonizing both sites. In vivo competition studies in mouse models, using isolates taken from one of the patients with a wholesale population shift, revealed that the strain that dominated her last UTI episode had increased fitness in both the gut and the bladder relative to the strain that dominated in preceding episodes. Increased fitness correlated with differences in the strains’ gene repertoires and carbohydrate and amino acid utilization profiles. Thus, UPEC appear capable of persisting in both the gut and urinary tract without a fitness trade-off, emphasizing the need to widen our consideration of potential reservoirs for strains causing recurrent UTI.
Refraction laws for anisotropic media and their application to left-handed metamaterials

The refraction of phase and power at the interface between free space and anisotropic media is studied. Under a TE incidence (electric field along y/spl circ/) and k/sub y/=0 incidence (where k/sub y/ is the y/spl circ/ component of the wave vector), a closed-form generalization of Snell's laws is proposed. The two relations (one for the phase and one for the power) are expressed in terms of the incident angle, the constitutive parameters of the anisotropic medium (which can take negative values), and the tilting angle of the dispersion relation. In addition, both positive and negative dispersions are discussed, making the formulas directly usable for the design of left-handed metamaterials. The validation is done by two methods. First, the electromagnetic fields in layered anisotropic media are computed analytically. The angle of refraction of the wave vector is thus directly obtained, while that of the power is obtained by computing the time-average Poynting power. Second, numerical simulations are performed using HFSS to record the deflection of the power by a prism characterized by positive or negative constitutive parameters. For the specific prism experiment, in which the incident angle is equal to the tilting angle of the dispersion relation, we show that the refraction laws reduce to a simple Snell's law form.
Genetic Analysis of Immunocompetence Measures in a White Leghorn Chicken Line

Immunocompetence of the Iowa State University S1 White Leghorn chicken line was studied. This line was divided into eight sublines based upon erythrocyte antigen B (Ea-B) allele (B1B1 or B19B19), antibody response to glutamic acid60-alanine30-tyrosine10 (GAT) (high or low), and response to Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumors (progression or regression). Antibody responses to Pasteurella multocida (PM), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and infectious bursal disease virus vaccines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phagocytic activity and T cell-mediated response were measured by carbon clearance and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) injection assays, respectively. Significant haplotype (subline) differences and sire family differences were observed in all three measurements. Significant sex differences were observed in phagocytic activity and T cell-mediated responses. Haplotypes with high antibody responses to GAT had significantly higher antibody titers to PM and MG vaccines than haplotypes with low antibody responses. Significant positive correlations were observed between antibody levels to the two vaccines. A significant negative correlation was seen between phagocytic activity and T cell-mediated response of females. The data suggest that the total immunocompetence profile of an individual must be considered to select for optimum immune responsiveness.
DNA nanotechnology for nanophotonic applications

DNA nanotechnology has touched the epitome of miniaturization by integrating various nanometer size particles with nanometer precision. This enticing bottom-up approach has employed small DNA tiles, large multi-dimensional polymeric structures or more recently DNA origami to organize nanoparticles of different inorganic materials, small organic molecules or macro-biomolecules like proteins, and RNAs into fascinating patterns that are difficult to achieve by other conventional methods. Here, we are especially interested in the self-assembly of nanomaterials that are potentially attractive elements in the burgeoning field of nanophotonics. These materials include plasmonic nanoparticles, quantum dots, fluorescent organic dyes, etc. DNA based self-assembly allows excellent control over distance, orientation and stoichiometry of these nano-elements that helps to engineer intelligent systems that can potentially pave the path for future technology. Many outstanding structures have been fabricated that are capable of fine tuning optical properties, such as fluorescence intensity and lifetime modulation, enhancement of Raman scattering and emergence of circular dichroism responses. Within the limited scope of this review we have tried to give a glimpse of the development of this still nascent but highly promising field to its current status as well as the existing challenges before us.
CYP2C9 Amino Acid Residues Influencing Phenytoin Turnover and Metabolite Regio- and Stereochemistry

Phenytoin has been an effective anticonvulsant agent for over 60 years, although its clinical use is complicated by nonlinear pharmacokinetics, a narrow therapeutic index, and metabolically based drug-drug interactions. Although it is well established that CYP2C9 is the major cytochrome P450 enzyme controlling metabolic elimination of phenytoin through its oxidative conversion to (S)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH), nothing is known about the amino acid binding determinants within the CYP2C9 active site that promote metabolism and maintain the tight stereocontrol of hydroxy metabolite formation. This knowledge gap was addressed here through the construction of nine active site mutants at amino acid positions Phe100, Arg108, Phe114, Leu208, and Phe476 and in vitro analysis of the steady-state kinetics and stereochemistry of p-HPPH formation. The F100L and F114W mutants exhibited 4- to 5-fold increases in catalytic efficiency, whereas the F100W, F114L, F476L, and F476W mutants lost >90% of their phenytoin hydroxylation capacity. This pattern of effects differs substantially from that found previously for (S)-warfarin and (S)-flurbiprofen metabolism, suggesting that these three ligands bind within discrete locations in the CYP2C9 active site. Only the F114L, F476L, and L208V mutants altered phenytoin's orientation during catalytic turnover. The L208V mutant also uniquely demonstrated enhanced 6-hydroxylation of (S)-warfarin. These latter data provide the first experimental evidence for a role of the F-G loop region in dictating the catalytic orientation of substrates within the CYP2C9 active site.
A comparative study of IDA*-style searches

In this paper, we study the performance of various IDA*-style searches and investigate methods to improve their performance by predicting in each stage the threshold to use for pruning. We first present three models to approximate the distribution of number of search nodes by lower bounds: exponential, geometric, and linear, and illustrate these distributions based on some well-known combinatorial search problems. We then show the performance of an ideal IDA* algorithm and identify reasons why existing IDA*-style algorithms perform well. In practice, we will be able to know from previous experience the distribution for a given problem instance but will not be able to determine the parameters of the distribution. Hence, we develop RIDA*, a method that estimates dynamically the parameters of the distribution, and predicts the best threshold to use, Finally, we compare the performance of several IDA*-style algorithms-Korf's IDA*, RIDA*, IDA* CR and DFS*-on several application problems, and identify conditions under which each of these algorithms will perform well. >
Vertebral Damage to Bluegills Exposed to Acutely Toxic Levels of Pesticides

Abstract Bluegill fingerlings, Lepomis macrochirus, exposed to six different pesticide formulations, developed hemorrhaging and fractures of the caudal vertebrae 4 to 8 hours after treatment. Fish exposed to Dyrene(R) Akton(R), methyl parathion, trichlorfon, phosalone and demeton developed vertebral injury. Injury was observed at concentrations above and below the LC50for each chemical. Disturbance of fish during the early hours of exposure increased mortality and hemorrhage rates. (Use of trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.)
Classics and Digital Humanities

“Digital Humanities” is the current umbrella term, one which is gaining wide currency, despite its relatively recent popularization, for a variety of activities at the intersection of humanities and computing. Though the field itself is well over fifty years old, Digital Humanities seems to have recently caught the attention of the popular press. The New York Times’ series, entitled “Humanities 2.0,” explores “how digital tools are changing scholarship in history, literature and the arts.” One such piece earlier this year highlighted work like that of Stanford’s Dan Edelstein on the intellectual networks of Enlightenment thinkers. (In classical circles, the Hestia Project is doing analogous work on spatial networks in Herodotus.) A more recent piece shows off the use of Second Life and the 3–D models of the Theatron project for teaching and research. The attention is great, but there is of course a certain blindness in these reports. One report in the New York Times seems astounded that humanities scholars – they’re the pale ones hanging out near the library, right? – even know how to use computers. (The piece is framed with an appraisal of the whole digital project by Anthony Grafton which misleadingly makes Grafton’s sober assessment sound like partial condemnation.) The popular press’s rhetoric of “cutting edge” distorts the situation, illustrated easily enough within our own discipline. Classics boasts some of the longest-running projects in the digital realm, many of which are now so familiar that it is difficult to think of them as “Digital Humanities.” The Bryn Mawr Classical Review, for example, is the second-oldest online academic journal. The Perseus Digital Library started up in 1985 and the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae some forty years ago, in 1972. Computer analysis of classical texts extends back to the earliest days of humanities computing. It is worth recalling that the very first project in Digital Humanities was the work of Father Roberto Busa, beginning in 1949, to construct a concordance to the works of Thomas Aquinas with the aid of early computers, a project which, if not strictly “classical,” has at least linguistic kinship. So even if the Grey Lady is oblivious to the history of Digital Humanities, this most recent percolation into the popular press captures something essential and distinctive about Digital Humanities at this particular moment (and in distinction to the modes of doing humanities computing over the past decades). Matthew Kirschenbaum, in a recent genre piece on the perennial Digital Humanities question, “What is Digital Humanities,” ends with this public dimension:
20.4: Displaced Filtering for Patterned Displays

This paper describes the filtering used in Microsoft ClearType. ClearType is a software system than enhances the resolution and readability of fonts on displays that contain a repeating pattern of addressable colored sub-pixels. The filtering in ClearType is based on a perceptual model of human vision. The perceptual model leads to an optimization technique for finding the best output values. The results of the optimization can be approximated by pre-filtering each color channel of an input image and then sampling each filtered color image at the spatial locations of the same colored sub-pixels in the display. We refer to this filtering followed by displaced sampling as RGB decimation. RGB decimation eliminates the phase error caused by standard anti-aliasing. A further approximation of the optimal filter yields RGB decimation with displaced box filters. Fourier analysis demonstrates that both the optimization technique and the displaced box filter suppress frequencies that contribute most to color fringing in unfiltered displaced sampling.
Evanescent waves in quantum electrodynamics with unquantized sources

Evanescent waves are studied for a free field satisfying the Helmholtz equation and the results are employed in studying the nature of these waves in the case of a quantized electromagnetic field interacting with a given external source. The identity of these evanescent waves with virtual photons is established, and the result is used to analyze the field due to a uniformly moving charge distribution.
Basolateral localization of organic cation transporter 2 in intact renal proximal tubules

The localization of organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) within renal cells is the subject of considerable controversy, resulting in marked uncertainty as to its function. To resolve this issue, we ...
Wind Effect on Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Flight Behavior

Field experiments were performed to determine the vertical flight distribution of western and northern corn rootworm beetles up to 7.62 m. Sticky-trap catches revealed that numbers captured decreased rapidly as height increased. Calculated vertical distribution profiles suggested a low flight pattern influenced strongly by wind. Male and female western corn rootworms tended to fly at different heights. Laboratory investigations using a wind tunnel were performed to study the flight takeoff frequency and direction of flight at various wind speeds up to 4 m/sec. Results showed that flight takeoff frequency decreased as wind speed increased. Beetles were unable to control their flight direction above 1.5 m/sec, being carried downwind. Equations to predict takeoff frequency based on wind speed were determined.
Quantification of Resonance Raman Enhancement Factors for Rhodamine 6G (R6G) in Water and on Gold and Silver Nanoparticles: Implications for Single-Molecule R6G SERS

The resonance Raman (RR) enhancement factors of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) in water and on gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) were determined using a double ratiometric method where adenine is used as the internal reference. The RR enhancement factor for R6G on AgNPs upon laser excitation at 532 nm is 537.6 ± 214.8. This is ∼5 times lower than the experimental (2.7 ± 0.3) × 103 RR enhancement factor for R6G in water. These experimental RR enhancement factors for R6G in water and on AgNPs are 104 smaller than the 107 RR enhancement proposed in literature for R6G in water and on SERS substrates. In addition, a simple back-of-the-envelope calculation showed that even with this damped RR for R6G on AgNPs in comparison to R6G in water, a SERS enhancement factor of 106 is sufficient to explain the single-molecule resonance SERS activities reported for R6G located in nanoparticle junctions. This conclusion is deduced from fact that normal Raman spectrum could be readily obtained with 24 fmol of adenine at l...
Concatenation in Kālidāsa and Other Sanskrit Poets

Concatenation, that is, the linking of successive verses of a poem by the repetition of the same or similar words, has been discussed by several scholars in relation to Vedic and Prakrit poetry, but other than a ground-breaking article published by W. Schubring in 1955, it has been insufficiently studied in classical Sanskrit kāvya . This article argues that a particular form of concatenation, involving long-distance word repetition across as many as five or even ten verses, is characteristic of the works of Kālidāsa in particular but also of Sanskrit poets in general. Like Schubring’s article, this one focuses on the Meghadūta, but uses a broader definition of scope of concatenation.
308 LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES INFECTIONS IN THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA DESERT.

Purpose of Study L. monocygenes is a microorganism with a wide host range. Human infection ordinarily presents with bacteremia or meningitis in over 75% of those with listeriosis in the USA. The Coachella Valley of California is a desert community of more than 300,000 persons and is a retirement and tourist site for its 8 adjacent municipalities. Eisenhower Medical Center (EMC) provides medical services to a large segment of this population. In the past 20 years listerial infection was diagnosed in 14 patients. Only 4 of 14 patients (27%) presented solely with a bacteremia or meningitis. Methods Fourteen patients with listeriosis were studied with respect to the source of their infections. Four demonstrated arterial infections including 3 abdominal aortic aneurysms and 1 infected prosthetic femoral-popliteal by-pass graft. Three patients presented with multiple brain abscesses and 2 patients were diagnosed with septic synovitis Of the 4 patients with bacteremia, 1 had hairy cell leukemia 1, multiple myeloma and a third systemic lupus erythematosus. Only 1 patient with meningitis and 1 parturient bacteremic female lacked any underlying disease. Summary of Results Listeria monocytogenes in the Southern California desert presents in an entirely different manner than generally appreciated throughout the USA. Endarteritis, multiple brain abscesses, and septic synovitis are the presenting symptoms in individuals older than 60 years with such concurrent diseases as neoplasms, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, diabetes often utilizing immunosuppressive drugs. Despite the complexities of these illnesses, mortality was seen in 2 patients with endarteritis and in 2 with multiple brain abscesses (total = 4/14 = 27%) Conclusions Fourteen patients with listerial infections were seen at EMC in the Southern California desert, primarily a retirement and tourist group of municipalities. Twelve of 14 patients had underlying disorders and 9 presented with endarteritis, multiple brain abscesses, and septic synovitis. Most patients were elderly and immunocompromised.
Study on Air Key Indicator of Rocket Homing Depth Charge

Some relevant simulation models were established based on the composition and anti-sub process of rocket homing depth charge. In allusion to present /predicated point attacking program,Simulated the influence of the air main indicator on detecting probability with Monte-Carlo under typical conditions. The results show that falling dispersion error and air average velocity are air key indicators of the weapon; when the falling dispersion error is no more than 200m and the air average velocity is beyond 250m /s,the detecting probability holds a high level.
Effectiveness of Learner-Regulated Study Sequence: An in-vivo study in Introductory Psychology course.

Study sequence can have a profound impact on learning. Previous research has often shown advantages for interleaved over blocked study, though the reverse has also been found. Learners typically prefer blocking even in situations for which interleaving is superior. The present study investigated learner regulation of study sequence, and its effects on learning in an ecologically valid context – university students using an online tutorial relevant to an exam that counted toward their course grades. The majority of participants blocked study by problem category, and this tendency was positively associated with subsequent exam performance. The results suggest that preference for blocked study may be adaptive under some circumstances, and highlight the importance of identifying task environments under which different study sequences are most effective.
High Throughput Wet Etch Solution for BEOL TiN Removal

Sub-10 nm technology node manufacturing processes may require the use of thicker and denser TiN hard mask for patterning at the BEOL. The modified TiN, which tends to be more chemically robust, must be removed using a wet etch process, while maintaining typical throughput - no extension of typical wet etch process times. To satisfy these needs, a new TiN etching accelerator was found that enhanced the activity of peroxide-related species in a wet etch chemical formulation that achieved increased TiN etch rate relative to formulation without TiN etch rate accelerator (Sample 1), while also minimizing the damage to ultra-low-k inter layer dielectric (ILD) layer by a strong base, also present in the formulation. We report here the result of a solvent based formulation, which adopted the TiN etching accelerator. The formulation was able to maintain TiN etch rate and remove post-etch residue, while remaining selective to ultra-low-k ILD, Co and Cu. The TiN etch rate of the accelerator enhanced formulation can be further tuned by modifying the process temperature or the hydrogen peroxide to formulation mixing ratio and has the potential capability to process > 400 wafers.
Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)

This section provides a comprehensive procedural report for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedure with up-to-date explanatory notes, synopsis of the indications and contraindications, and potential complications in an organized and practical format.
The Modern Records Management Program: An Overview of Electronic Records Management Standards

EDITOR'S SUMMARY Standardization is fundamental for bringing a vast variety of electronic records under control. It enables capturing and preserving original records as well as evidence of any access or change to the records. Creating standards within and across organizations is an extreme challenge that must be met. The 2011 Presidential Memorandum on Managing Government Records and subsequent 2012 Directive established values and strategic direction for managing federal electronic records without creating strict standards. The Battelle Record Management Office relies on a Defense Department standard for enterprise content management systems to be secure, searchable and capable of preserving contextual relationships and on the Code of Federal Regulations regarding equivalence of electronic records and signatures to paper. The result demonstrates a record's integrity and authenticity and enables it to be discovered and accessed. Defined access permissions and an audit trail add further assurances. Interoperability through application program interface layers is another requirement, being addressed through advanced platform development, which may provide the solution for authenticity and contextual preservation.
Optimal LES: How Good Can an LES Be?

In this paper, we approach Large Eddy Simulation (LES) by asking: How good is it possible for an LES to be? Taking a probabilistic approach, it is shown that by formally minimizing the rms error in the time derivative of the large scales, one can guarantee that the LES will reproduce the large scale statistics exactly. The LES model that minimizes the rms error in the time derivative is written as a conditional average, and we consider this to be the ideal LES model. Unfortunately, we do not know, nor can we practically compute this conditional average. The problem of LES modeling can therefore be considered to be a problem of finding a good approximation to the conditional average. Using direct numerical simulation data from a forced isotropic turbulence and a turbulent channel, estimates of the conditional average have been obtained, and the results are very instructive. Using the results, the nature of good LES models, the effects of filter definition, and the impact of inhomogeneity are explored. Also discussed is a program for developing practical LES models based on these ideas.
Ethical Approaches to Compliance

AbstractThis article explores the role that higher education has in ethical compliance to Title IX and the Clery Act. The discussion includes a curious look at common practices as potential future approaches to consent and sexual assault education. Articles and research are included to ground understanding in the current context, while examples from a student affairs practitioner illustrate current educational approaches to consent and sexual violence. This article examines current compliance approaches to Title IX and the Clery Act through the lens of a higher education consent and sexual awareness education, offering additional approaches toward ethical compliance. Additional approaches are presented as potential areas of growth between many current compliance approaches and more ethical compliance approaches.
Phase-Controlled Colloidal Syntheses of Iron Sulfide Nanocrystals via Sulfur Precursor Reactivity and Direct Pyrite Precipitation

In the colloidal synthesis of iron sulfides, a series of dialkyl disulfides, alkyl thiols, and dialkyl disulfides (allyl, benzyl, tert-butyl, and phenyl) were employed as sulfur sources. Their reactivity was found to tune the phase between pyrite (FeS2), greigite (Fe3S4), and pyrrhotite (Fe7S8). DFT was used to show that sulfur-rich phases were favored when the C–S bond strength was low in the organosulfurs, yet temperature dependent studies and other observations indicated the reasons for phase selectivity were more nuanced; the different precursors decomposed through different reaction mechanisms, some involving the oleylamine solvent. The formation of pyrite from diallyl disulfide was carefully studied as it was the only precursor to yield FeS2. Raman spectroscopy indicated that FeS2 forms directly without an FeS intermediate, unlike most synthetic procedures to pyrite. Diallyl disulfide releases persulfide (S–S)2– due to the lower C–S bond strength relative to the S–S bond strength, as well as facile ...
Pace of Life in Cities and the Emergence of Town Tweeters

Long-standing results in urban studies have shown correlation of population and population density to a city’s pace of life, empirically tested by examining whether individuals in bigger cities wal...
Increasing the Advertising Effectiveness of Small Retail Businesses

Advertising and other promotional decisions are influenced by the nature of the target market, as well as which media vehicles are within the financial reach of the small-business owner and how eff...
HDAd5/35++ Adenovirus Vector Expressing Anti-CRISPR Peptides Decreases CRISPR/Cas9 Toxicity in Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

We generated helper-dependent HDAd5/35++ adenovirus vectors expressing CRISPR/Cas9 for potential hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) gene therapy of β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease through re-activation of fetal γ-globin expression (HDAd-globin-CRISPR). The process of CRISPR/Cas9 gene transfer using these vectors was not associated with death of human CD34+ cells and did not affect their in vitro expansion and erythroid differentiation. However, functional assays for primitive HSCs, e.g., multi-lineage progenitor colony formation and engraftment in irradiated NOD/Shi-scid/interleukin-2 receptor γ (IL-2Rγ) null (NSG) mice, revealed toxicity of HDAd-globin-CRISPR vectors related to the prolonged expression and activity of CRISPR/Cas9. To control the duration of CRISPR/Cas9 activity, we generated an HDAd5/35++ vector that expressed two anti-CRISPR (Acr) peptides (AcrII4 and AcrII2) capable of binding to the CRISPR/Cas9 complex (HDAd-Acr). CD34+ cells that were sequentially infected with HDAd-CRISPR and HDAd-Acr engrafted at a significantly higher rate. Target site disruption frequencies in engrafted human cells were similar to those in pre-transplantation CD34+ cells, indicating that genome-edited primitive HSCs survived. In vitro differentiated HSCs isolated from transplanted mice demonstrated increased γ-globin expression as a result of genome editing. Our data indicate that the HDAd-Acr vector can be used as a tool to reduce HSC cytotoxicity of the CRISPR/Cas9 complex.
The Dual PI3K/mToR Inhibitor Omipalisib/GSK2126458 Inhibits Clonogenic Growth in Oncogenically-transformed Cells from Neurocutaneous Melanocytosis.

Background Omipalisib has been found to affect the viability of cancer cells. However, its effect on clonogenicity - a feature of cancer stem cells, is not clear. Cells isolated from neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) patients' lesions grow clonogenically. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omipalisib treatment on clonogenic growth of NCM cells in vitro. Materials and methods Clonogenic growth efficiency was evaluated by colony formation assays with or without specific growth factors. Activation of MEK and Akt was determined by immunoblots. Colony formation and cell viability were assessed upon pharmacological inhibition of MEK, Akt and mToR. Results Clonogenicity appeared to depend on bFGF and IGF1signaling through ERK and Akt. Omipalisib treatment prevented colony formation and induced autophagic cell death. Conclusion Signaling through Akt is important for survival of clonogenic cells in NCM, and omipalisib treatment as a monotherapy or in combination with MEK162 could be an effective therapeutic strategy to inhibit clonogenic growth.
The State of State Constitutional Law in the States of the United States: Are There Any Lessons for Australia?

This paper discusses the recent resurgence of attention by courts and litigants in the U.S. states to state constitutions, and speculates on what lessons this might have for Australia, looking at the similarities and differences in the two countries.
On the equivalences of the wheel W5, the prism P and the bipyramid B5

The main results of this paper are the discovery of infinite families of flow equivalent pairs of B5 and W5 amallamorphs and infinite families of chromatically equivalent pairs of P and W ∗ 5 homeomorphs, where B5 is K5 with one edge deleted, P is the Prism graph and W5 is the join of K1 and a cycle on 4 vertices. Six families of B5 amallamorphs, with two families having 6 parameters, and 9 families of W5 amallamorphs, with one family having 4 parameters, are discovered. Since B5 and W5 are both planar, all these results obtained can be stated in terms of chromatically equivalent pairs of B∗ 5 and W ∗ 5 homeomorphs. Also three conjectures are made about non-existence of flow-equivalent amallamorphs or chromatically equivalent homeomorphs of certain graphs.
Association Between Cancer and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine in U.S. Chinese Women: Findings From the PINE Study.

Objective: To examine U.S. Chinese older women and the association between their cancer screening behaviors and self-reported cancers with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) use across sociodemogra...
Progress in metal organic cluster EUV photoresists

Most advanced microelectronic devices are made by using 193 nm immersion lithography systems, but it is difficult to follow the rapid development of semiconductors due to their approaching physical limits. Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography which uses a shorter wavelength (i.e., 13.5 nm) light source can offer a way to print features under a 20 nm HP. EUV lithography requires photoresists that utilize EUV photons because photons generated by EUV exposure are fewer than photons generated by 193 nm light exposure. In this paper, our recent progress in metal oxide photoresist research will be discussed.Most advanced microelectronic devices are made by using 193 nm immersion lithography systems, but it is difficult to follow the rapid development of semiconductors due to their approaching physical limits. Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography which uses a shorter wavelength (i.e., 13.5 nm) light source can offer a way to print features under a 20 nm HP. EUV lithography requires photoresists that utilize EUV photons because photons generated by EUV exposure are fewer than photons generated by 193 nm light exposure. In this paper, our recent progress in metal oxide photoresist research will be discussed.
Abstract P242: Effects of Proton Receptor Gpr4 Deficiency on Angiotensin Receptors in Kidney and Hindbrain

The proton receptor GPR4, a G protein-coupled receptor with protons as ligands, is abundant in the brain [subfornical organ (SFO) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus], lung, and k...
CheerOn: Facilitating Online Social Support for Novice Project-Based Learning Teams

Novices learn innovation best through project-based learning (PBL), working in face-to-face teams to tackle real-world problems. Yet, real-world projects are complex, stressful, and especially challenging for novices. Online communities could provide social support to motivate novices, but it is unclear how to design online communities to support face-to-face PBL teams. Here we ask: How might we design an online system that enlists external supporters to provide online social support to motivate PBL students? Our need-finding study found that PBL students received infrequent social support, rarely engaged in help-seeking, and perceived little progress until the end of their projects. Based on these findings, we designed CheerOn, an online social support system that prompts novice student teams to externalize progress allowing external, online supporters to offer social support. We tested CheerOn with 3 PBL teams and 15 external supporters over a 6-week course. We found that external supporters provided instrumental, informational, and emotional support that strengthened students’ bonds to the community, which increased help-seeking. Supporters also provided appraisal support, which increased students’ perceived value of their work. Supporters were more likely to offer informational and instrumental support when they were promoted or saw a clear need for help; supporters who received gratitude from students were more likely to offer emotional support in return; and supporters who were closely connected to the community were more likely to offer appraisal and instrumental support. Theoretically, this research contributes to our understanding of how hybrid face-to-face and online communities can impact the behavior of PBL students, specifically towards the facilitation of help-seeking behavior, as well as increased understanding of how different types of social support (i.e., appraisal, emotional, informational, and instrumental) can impact the participation of PBL students and supporters. Practically, this research contributes to our understanding of how to design socio-technical systems that facilitate social support for offline novice PBL students working, expanding the instructional resources available for preparing novices in PBL environments.
Establishing the objective sleep phenotype in hypersomnolence disorder with and without comorbid major depression

Study objectives To clarify whether hypersomnolence disorder is associated with a specific sleep phenotype and altered neurophysiological function in persons with and without hypersomnolence disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Eighty-three unmedicated persons with and without hypersomnolence disorder and/or MDD underwent ad libitum high-density EEG polysomnography. Clinical and sleep architecture variables were compared between groups. Topographic patterns of slow-wave activity (SWA) relative to healthy controls were compared, with correlations between topographic SWA and daytime sleepiness assessed. Reductions in SWA in hypersomnolence disorder were mapped to specific cortical areas using source localization. Results Regardless of the presence or absence of comorbid MDD, persons with hypersomnolence disorder had increased sleep duration relative to both controls and persons with MDD without hypersomnolence. Participants with hypersomnolence disorder also demonstrated reduced bilateral centroparietal low-frequency activity during nonrapid eye movement sleep relative to controls, a pattern not observed in persons with MDD but without hypersomnolence. SWA in these regions was negatively correlated with subjective measures of daytime sleepiness. Source localization demonstrated reductions in SWA in the supramarginal gyrus, somatosensory, and transverse temporal cortex in participants with hypersomnolence disorder. Conclusions Hypersomnolence disorder is characterized by increased sleep duration with normal sleep continuity, regardless of the presence or absence of comorbid depression. Reduced local SWA may be a specific neurophysiological finding in hypersomnolence disorder. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms through which these cortical changes are related to clinical complaints of daytime sleepiness.
Pharmacokinetics of nanotechnology-based formulations in pediatric populations

The development of therapeutics for pediatric use has advanced in the last few decades. However, off-label use of adult medications in pediatrics remains a significant clinical problem. Furthermore, the development of therapeutics for pediatrics is challenged by the lack of pharmacokinetic (PK) data in the pediatric population. To promote the development of therapeutics for pediatrics, the United States Pediatric Formulation Initiative recommended the investigation of nanotechnology-based delivery systems. Therefore, in this review, we provided comprehensive information on the PK of nanotechnology-based formulations from preclinical and clinical studies in pediatrics. Specifically, we discuss the relationship between formulation parameters of nanoformulations and PK of the encapsulated drug in the context of pediatrics. We review nanoformulations that include dendrimers, liposomes, polymeric long-acting injectables (LAIs), nanocrystals, inorganic nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, and protein nanoparticles. In addition, we describe the importance and need of PK modeling and simulation approaches used in predicting PK of nanoformulations for pediatric applications.
Book art and the representation and communication of original sources

Works of book art can express archival and documentary values. Book artists whose work is informed by archival and documentary evidence contribute to the wider dissemination of original sources. In supporting this function, their generative practices can be viewed as curatorial and editorial functions. How does archivally informed book art represent and communicate evidence? How can these sources operate as documentary sources? This essay offers a discussion of these questions.
Abelson-induced phosphorylation of TACC3 modulates its interaction with microtubules and affects its impact on axon outgrowth and guidance

Axon guidance is a critical process in forming the connections between a neuron and its target. The growth cone steers the growing axon towards the appropriate direction by integrating extracellular guidance cues and initiating intracellular signal transduction pathways downstream of these cues. The growth cone generates these responses by remodeling its cytoskeletal components. Regulation of microtubule dynamics within the growth cone is important for making guidance decisions. TACC3, as a microtubule plus-end binding protein, modulates microtubule dynamics during axon outgrowth and guidance. We have previously shown that embryos depleted of TACC3 displayed spinal cord axon guidance defects, while TACC3-overexpressing spinal neurons showed increased resistance to Slit2-induced growth cone collapse. Here, in order to investigate the mechanism behind TACC3-mediated axon guidance, we studied the importance of tyrosine phosphorylation induced by Abelson tyrosine kinase. We find that the phosphorylatable tyrosines within the TACC domain are important for the microtubule plus-end tracking behavior of TACC3. Moreover, TACC domain phosphorylation impacts axon outgrowth and guidance, and it also regulates microtubule extension into the growth cone periphery. Together, our results suggest that phosphorylation of TACC3 is a key regulatory mechanism by which TACC3 controls axon outgrowth and pathfinding decisions of neurons during embryonic development.
Light and Electron Microscope Immunocytochemistry in Freeze-Substituted Plant and Fungal Cells

In efforts to better understand the cell biology of fungi and their pathogenic interactions with plants, we have pursued the use of cryo-preparative techniques for specimen preservation and immunocytochemistry at the light and electron microscope level. The chemically diverse composition of plant and fungal walls has proven very challenging for immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy. Typically, to allow probe access in these organisms, immunolabeling has required sectioning or enzymatic digestion of cell walls. The ideal method would preserve the spatial fidelity and antigenicity of the target molecule as well as maintain the integrity of the surrounding tissue. Our early work using methacrylate de-embedment, as described for sectioned plant material, was very effective for freeze-substituted fungi. Further improvements, using a combination of slow freezing and freeze-substitution followed by methacrylate de-embedment, permitted whole mount fluorescence antibody labeling of a variety of phylogenetically diverse fungi without enzymatic digestion or sectioning (Fig.l).
“Relações Perigosas”: Walter Benjamin e Carl Schmitt no crepúsculo de Weimar / “Dangerous Connections”: Walter Benjamin and Carl Schmitt at the Weimar twilight

DOI: 10.1590/2179-8966/2020/52675 Resumo Enzo Traveso analisa a relacao entre Walter Benjamin e Carl Schmitt no contexto da crise europeia dos anos 1930. Benjamin consagrou a Schmitt algumas passagens de seu livro sobre o drama barroco alemao (1928) e em 1930 escreveu a ele uma carta em que enfatizou suas afinidades com o teorico da ditadura e do decisionismo. Schmitt nao respondeu a carta, mas a conservou e esta tornou-se a base de suas discussoes com o filosofo judeu-alemao Jakob Taubes apos a 2a Guerra Mundial. Traverso sublinha a impossibilidade de dialogo entre a forma revolucionaria do messianismo judaico defendido por Benjamin e a forma conservadora da Teologia Politica elaborada por Schmitt. Ambos dividiam uma visao da historia como uma catastrofe crescente e reivindicaram a necessidade de uma decisao politica, mas suas terapias eram radicalmente opostas: Benjamin identificou o advir da era messiânica com a revolucao proletaria, enquanto Schmitt acolheu o nazismo como uma especie de moderno katechon (o vencedor do Anticristo na tradicao catolica). (Resumo enviado pelo autor aos editores que toma como base a traducao espanhola de seu texto) Palavras-chave : Walter Benjamin; Carl Schmitt; Estado de excecao. Abstract Enzo Traverso analyzes the relationship between Walter Benjamin and Carl Schmitt in the context of the European crisis of the 1930s. Benjamin devoted to Schmitt several passages of his book on German Trauerspiel (1928) and in 1930 wrote a letter to him, where he emphasized his affinities with the theoretician of the dictatorship and “decisionism”. The latter did not responded but conserved this letter, which was the basis of his discussions with the Jewish-German Philosopher Jakob Taubes after the II World War. Traverso underlines the impossibility of a dialogue between the revolutionary form of Jewish Messianism defended by Benjamin and the conservative form of Political Theology elaborated by Schmitt. Both shared the vision of History as a growing catastrophe and claimed the necessity of a political decision, but their therapies were radically opposed: Benjamin identified the coming of the Messianic era with the proletarian revolution, whereas Schmitt welcomed Nazism as a sort of modern Katechon (the defeater of anti-Christ in the Catholic tradition). Keywords: Walter Benjamin; Carl Schmitt; State of exception.
Library Classification Systems in the U.S.: Basic Ideas and Examples

This article offers a basic introduction to classification in the context of librarianship in the United States with an aim toward filling gaps in formal education and practical experience. The art...
Bifurcation Analysis for a One Predator and Two Prey Model with Prey-Taxis

This paper concerns spatio-temporal pattern formation in a model for two competing prey populations with a common predator population whose movement is biased by direct prey-taxis mechanisms. By pa...
Assessment of Malingering and Falsification: Continuing to Push the Boundaries of Knowledge in Research and Clinical Practice

Major progress has been made in the assessment of cooperation with neuropsychological assessment and the evaluation of effort and falsification. However, various critical problems remain, along with areas in which we can continue to expand the boundaries of knowledge and thereby improve diagnostic and predictive accuracy. For example, although current methods can improve diagnostic accuracy across a range of cases, a significant subset of cases create substantially greater challenges and susceptibility to error. Numerous potential sources of error in effort assessment are reviewed, and factors in research studies, such as the extreme group problem, that can markedly overrepresent accuracy rates obtained in usual forensic applications, leading to a range of adverse consequences. Other key issues and challenges include overreliance on impressionistic methods as opposed to scientifically verified procedures for integrating results across measures and evaluating the impact of insufficient effort on other tests; co-presentation of true injury and falsification, a frequent issue that has been minimally studied, can markedly alter assumptions about base rates, and result in the simultaneous occurrence of true-positive and false-positive errors; susceptibility to coaching and identification of underlying detection strategies, especially in the age of the Internet; and limits in knowledge about generalization of methods to different classes and severity of neuropsychological injures, and especially to diverse groups. Research on multicultural issues in effort assessment is a critical and, at present, largely unmet need that merits far greater attention. Numerous suggestions are presented for assessment and research strategies that may help to enhance knowledge across the various areas covered in the chapter, such as methods to increase generalization to clinical practices, especially for evaluating more challenging cases, for diminishing vulnerability to examinee’s knowledge of detection strategies, and for managing ambiguity in group assignment in research studies through such methods as mixed group validation.
Willingness to Treat with Therapies of Unknown Effectiveness in Severe COVID-19: A Survey of Intensivist Physicians.

Rationale: Little is known about how physicians develop their beliefs about new treatments or update their beliefs in the face of new clinical evidence. These issues are particularly salient in the...
The ionosphere of Mars below 80 km altitude. II - Solar cosmic ray event

Martian lower ionospheric models during solar proton event, determining electron density profiles