cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urbanization, urbanicity, and health

A majority of the world's population will live in urban areas by 2007. The most rapidly urbanizing cities are in less-wealthy nations, and the pace of growth varies among regions. There are few data linking features of cities to the health of populations. We suggest a framework to guide inquiry into features of the urban environment that affect health and well-being. We consider two key dimensions: urbanization and urbanicity. Urbanization refers to change in size, density, and heterogeneity of cities. Urbanicity refers to the impact of living in urban areas at a given time. A review of the published literature suggests that most of the important factors that affect health can be considered within three broad themes: the social environment, the physical environment, and access to health and social services. The development of urban health as a discipline will need to draw on the strengths of diverse academic areas of study (e.g., ecology, epidemiology, sociology). Cross-national research may provide insights about the key features of cities and how urbanization influences population health.
The Santa Barbara Oil Spill

My task this morning is to discuss with you the recent Santa Barbara oil spill. To present an unbiased and complete picture of what has been and is happening in Santa Barbara is virtually impossible due to the complexity of the event and the large number of organizations and individuals involved in responding to the disaster. In recent weeks information sources have been drying up, presumably because of the pending litigation. Nevertheless, I will present the facts and opinions as I have been able to learn, admittedly incomplete in certain areas.
Gene-Specific Translation Regulation Mediated by the Hormone-Signaling Molecule EIN2

The central role of translation in modulating gene activity has long been recognized, yet the systematic exploration of quantitative changes in translation at a genome-wide scale in response to a specific stimulus has only recently become technically feasible. Using the well-characterized signaling pathway of the phytohormone ethylene and plant-optimized genome-wide ribosome footprinting, we have uncovered a molecular mechanism linking this hormone's perception to the activation of a gene-specific translational control mechanism. Characterization of one of the targets of this translation regulatory machinery, the ethylene signaling component EBF2, indicates that the signaling molecule EIN2 and the nonsense-mediated decay proteins UPFs play a central role in this ethylene-induced translational response. Furthermore, the 3'UTR of EBF2 is sufficient to confer translational regulation and required for the proper activation of ethylene responses. These findings represent a mechanistic paradigm of gene-specific regulation of translation in response to a key growth regulator.
An empirical study of the robustness of Inter-component Communication in Android

Over the last three years, Android has established itself as the largest-selling operating system for smartphones. It boasts of a Linux-based robust kernel, a modular framework with multiple components in each application, and a security-conscious design where each application is isolated in its own virtual machine. However, all of these desirable properties would be rendered ineffectual if an application were to deliver erroneous messages to targeted applications and thus cause the target to behave incorrectly. In this paper, we present an empirical evaluation of the robustness of Inter-component Communication (ICC) in Android through fuzz testing methodology, whereby, parameters of the inter-component communication are changed to various incorrect values. We show that not only exception handling is a rarity in Android applications, but also it is possible to crash the Android runtime from unprivileged user processes. Based on our observations, we highlight some of the critical design issues in Android ICC and suggest solutions to alleviate these problems.
Sex-lethal, a Drosophila sex determination switch gene, exhibits sex-specific RNA splicing and sequence similarity to RNA binding proteins

The switch gene, Sex-lethal (Sxl), controls sexual development and dosage compensation. It must be active in females and inactive in males throughout development. Analysis of Sxl cDNAs shows that this on/off regulation may be explained by differential RNA splicing; only female transcripts appear to encode functional products, whereas all male transcripts contain an exon that truncates the open reading frame. The functional female product shows sequence similarities with ribonucleoproteins, suggesting that it is an RNA binding protein. Thus, we propose that Sxl encodes a factor that interacts with both its own pre-mRNA (accounting for positive autoregulation) and that of downstream genes to confer female-specific splicing. In this way, a single, simple mechanism could account for both the maintenance and expression of the sexually determined state.
Double depression in adult psychiatric outpatients in Brazil: Distinct from major depression?

This study examines whether distinct symptom profiles, patterns of comorbidity, and suicidal symptoms uniquely characterize individuals diagnosed with double depression (DD) by comparing Brazilians with DD to those with major depressive disorder (MDD). One hundred forty two psychiatric outpatients (ages 20-77 mean=48.8, S.D.=13.2; DD, n=23; MDD, n=119) participated in structured diagnostic interviews and completed self-report measures of depressive symptoms, suicidality, and family history of mental disorders. Patients with DD exhibited a more severe symptom profile than those with MDD, as evidenced by a higher number of depressive symptoms and more intense suicidal ideation. They also appeared to be qualitatively different from individuals with MDD, as evidenced by distinct comorbidity patterns, quality of life reports, and anhedonic features. These results may be important in understanding the phenomenology of DD in psychiatric outpatients by informing diagnostics, psychotherapy, and psychotherapeutic treatment of DD.
Post‐processing correction of the endorectal coil reception effects in MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate

To develop and validate a post-processing correction algorithm to remove the effect of the inhomogeneous reception profile of the endorectal coil on MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data.A post-processing algorithm to correct for the endorectal coil reception effects on MRSI data was developed based upon theoretical modeling of the endorectal coil reception profile and of the spatial saturation pulse profiles. This algorithm was evaluated on three-dimensional (3D) MRSI data acquired at 3T from a uniform phantom and from 18 patients with known or suspected prostate cancer.For the phantom data, the coefficient of variation of metabolite peak areas decreased 16% to 46% and the peak area distributions became more Gaussian with correction, as demonstrated by higher Q-Q plot linear correlations (R(2) = 0.98 +/- 0.007 vs. R(2) = 0.89 +/- 0.066). Across the 18 patients, the mean coefficient of variation for suppressed water decreased significantly, from 0.95 +/- 0.18, to 0.66 +/- 0.11, (P < 10(-6), paired t-test) and the linear correlations of the Q-Q plots for the suppressed water increased from R(2) = 0.91 to R(2) = 0.95 (P = 0.0083, paired t-test) with correction.An algorithm for reducing the effect of the inhomogeneous reception profile in endorectal coil acquired 3D MRSI prostate data was demonstrated, illustrating increased homogeneity and more Gaussian peak area distributions.
Suppression by antisense mRNA demonstrates a requirement for the glial fibrillary acidic protein in the formation of stable astrocytic processes in response to neurons

The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a glial-specific intermediate filament protein, which is expressed in astrocytes in the central nervous system, as well as in astrocytoma cell lines. To investigate the function of GFAP, we have studied the human astrocytoma cell line, U251, which constitutively expresses GFAP and vimentin in the same 10-nm filaments. These cells respond to neurons in vitro in the same way as primary astrocytes: they withdraw from the cell cycle, support neuronal cell survival and neurite outgrowth, and they extend complex, GFAP-positive processes. To determine the role of GFAP in these responses, we have specifically suppressed its expression by stably transfecting the U251 cells with an antisense GFAP construct. Two stable antisense cell lines from separate transfections were isolated and were shown to be GFAP negative by Northern and Western blot analyses, and by immunofluorescence studies. The antisense cell lines were inhibited in their ability to extend significant glial processes in response to neurons. In culture with primary neurons, the average increase in process length of the U251 cells was nearly 400%, as compared to only 14% for the antisense transfectants. The other neuron induced responses of astrocytes, i.e., proliferative arrest and neuronal support, were not affected in these cell lines. These data support the conclusion that the glial-specific intermediate filament protein, GFAP, is required for the formation of stable astrocytic processes in response to neurons.
Computational architecture for the Utah/MIT hand

This paper presents the computational architecture for the Utah-MIT hand, and discusses design issues encountered in its hardware and software development. The large number of linkages, actuators, and sensors offers a potentially severe computational burden for control; a multiprocessor hardware configuration has been developed to distribute this computation. In the interests of efficiency, minimal operating systems were devised for each processor which nevertheless were made sufficiently general for task scheduling, intertask communication, and debugging. This computational architecture is a general system which is potentially useful for other robotics applications.
Ludwig’s angina

Patients with Ludwig’s angina require urgent evaluation for airway obstruction due to elevation and posterior displacement of the tongue. Emergency physicians should remember that risks of laryngospasm preclude blind oral or nasotracheal intubation. A 54-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with right-sided facial pain, subjective fever, and chills for 1 week. Physical examination revealed right-sided facial swelling, trismus, tongue elevation (Fig. 1), submandibular and sublingual swelling, and tenderness with adenopathy. Computed tomography (CT) findings were (Fig. 2) consistent with Ludwig’s angina. The patient was treated with dexamethasone and clindamycin, and taken for surgical decompression and tooth extraction then discharged home. Pathological analysis showed polymicrobial flora including Staphylococcus aureus, Eikenella corrodens, Clostridium clostridiforme, and Prevotella buccae. Fig. 1 Clinical appearance Fig. 2 Computed tomography findings Ludwig’s angina, a rapidly progressive cellulitis of the floor of the mouth, involves the submandibular, submaxillary, and sublingual spaces. Patients have swelling, pain, and elevation of the tongue, malaise, fever, neck swelling, and dysphagia. The submandibular area can be indurated, sometimes with palpable crepitus. Inability to swallow saliva and stridor raise concern because of imminent airway compromise. The most feared complication is airway obstruction due to elevation and posterior displacement of the tongue. The mortality rate for Ludwig’s angina is currently below 8% down from the preantibiotic numbers over 50% [1]. Nasal fiberoptic evaluation should be performed with imminent airway obstruction. Securing the airway by blind oral or nasotracheal intubation is contraindicated because of the risk of laryngospasm. Diagnostic sensitivity of clinical examination alone is 55%. In less urgent cases, contrast-enhanced CT may increase this to 95% [2]. Immunocompetent patients should receive ampicillin-sulbactam, with clindamycin reserved for penicillin-allergic patients. Immunocompromised patients require empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics. Any source of infection should be removed. Needle drainage can be performed to reduce the risk of spreading infection [3].
Keep the Adversary Guessing: Agent Security by Policy Randomization

Recent advances in the field of agent/multiagent systems brings us closer to agents acting in real world domains, which can be uncertain and many times adversarial. Security, commonly defined as the ability to deal with intentional threats from other agents is a major challenge for agents or agent-teams deployed in these adversarial domains. Such adversarial scenarios arise in a wide variety of situations that are becoming increasingly important such as agents patrolling to provide perimeter security around critical infrastructure or performing routine security checks. These domains have the following characteristics: (a) The agent or agent-team needs to commit to a security policy while the adversaries may observe and exploit the policy committed to. (b) The agent/agent-team potentially faces different types of adversaries and has varying information available about the adversaries (thus limiting the agents' ability to model its adversaries). To address security in such domains, I developed two types of algorithms. First, when the agent has no model of its adversaries, my key idea is to randomize agent's policies to minimize the information gained by adversaries. To that end, I developed algorithms for policy randomization for both the Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) and the Decentralized-Partially Observable MDPs (Dec POMDPs). Since arbitrary randomization can violate quality constraints (for example, the resource usage should be below a certain threshold or key areas must be patrolled with a certain frequency), my algorithms guarantee quality constraints on the randomized policies generated. For efficiency, I provide a novel linear program for randomized policy generation in MDPs, and then build on this program for a heuristic solution for Dec-POMDPs. Second, when the agent has partial model of the adversaries, I model the security domain as a Bayesian Stackelberg game where the agent's model of the adversary includes a probability distribution over possible adversary types. While the optimal policy selection for a Bayesian Stackelberg game is known to be NP-hard, my solution approach based on an efficient Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) provides significant speedups over existing approaches while obtaining the optimal solution. The resulting policy randomizes the agent's possible strategies, while taking into account the probability distribution over adversary types. Finally, I provide experimental results for all my algorithms, illustrating the new techniques developed have enabled us to find optimal secure policies efficiently for an increasingly important class of security domains.
Three-Point Correlations in f(R) Models of Gravity

Modifications of general relativity provide an alternative explanation to dark energy for the observed acceleration of the universe. We calculate quasilinear effects in the growth of structure in f(R) models of gravity using perturbation theory. We find significant deviations in the bispectrum that depend on cosmic time, length scale and triangle shape. However the deviations in the reduced bispectrum Q for f(R) models are at the percent level, much smaller than the deviations in the bispectrum itself. This implies that three-point correlations can be predicted to a good approximation simply by using the modified linear growth factor in the standard gravity formalism. Our results suggest that gravitational clustering in the weakly nonlinear regime is not fundamentally altered, at least for a class of gravity theories that are well described in the Newtonian regime by the parameters G{sub eff} and {phi}/{psi}. This approximate universality was also seen in the N-body simulation measurements of the power spectrum by Stabenau and Jain (2006), and in other recent studies based on simulations. Thus predictions for such modified gravity models in the regime relevant to large-scale structure observations may be less daunting than expected on first principles. We discuss the many caveats that apply tomore » such predictions.« less
In Search of Security: Relative Gains and Losses in Dyadic Relations:

Neorealists and neoliberals both agree that if states are primarily concerned about security, cooperation will be difficult to achieve and maintain. Cooperation is difficult because states worry that others may gain more from the agreement. I show, in contrast to these expectations, that security concerns do not necessarily impede, and can in fact provide the foundation for, cooperation between states. I suggest that the distributional battles often witnessed between states can be signs of negotiations along the Pareto frontier rather than evidence of relative gains concerns. My argument is based on the recognition that a state's security is not always, or even often, best served by maintaining its position in each dyadic relationship as the neorealists claim. If a state can utilize the resources gained from an agreement with one state to influence and protect itself against other states in the system or if a state anticipates that third parties may play a role in some disputes which may arise in the futu...
Globalization And The Federal Reserve

A group of developing countries including China, India and Mexico entered the global marketplace post-1980 making a major contribution to disinflation in the U.S. and other developed countries. Movement by developing countries toward free trade led to unexpectedly large gains from specialization and exchange including the contribution to global disinflation through flows of goods, capital, technology and in particular abundant labor. These gains from trade led to a slowing in U.S. cost-push inflation pressures and enhancement of productivity gains. Gains from free trade have been widespread, with benefits accruing to both developed and developing countries in the period since 1980. In comparison, gains from trade were restricted primarily to developed economies in the 1945 to 1980 time period. The Federal Reserve and other central banks followed monetary policies conducive to the post1980 period of disinflation but the contribution to disinflation through gains from trade does not seem to be incorporated into the monetary policy of central banks. In Japan, disinflation turned into deflation and Germany’s disinflation is on the verge of doing the same. Deflation concerns are also voiced in the U.S. The premise of this paper is that the overshoot from the price stability objective to deflation fears or outright deflation on part of the Federal Reserve and other major central banks is due to gains from trade with developing countries. Policy implication -the Federal Reserve and other central banks need to increase the quantity of money at a more rapid pace than would normally occur to account for the contribution to disinflation from gains from trade among developed and developing countries.
An Elaboration Account of Insight

In this paper we discuss an elaboration account of insight that provides answers to two of the main questions regarding insight problem solving: why insight problems are so difficult for humans and why insight is so rapid in nature. We claim that the difficulty in insight problems is due to misguided heuristic search and that this difficulty is overcome using a reformulation mechanism. Furthermore, we claim that search is carried out quickly when the heuristics are good–explaining the rapid nature of insight. We clarify our account by providing examples and initial empirical results. In conclusion, we review related work and discuss possible future work.
Weight-Bearing Dorsiflexion Range of Motion and Landing Biomechanics in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability.

Context: People with chronic ankle instability (CAI) exhibit less weight-bearing dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and less knee flexion during landing than people with stable ankles. Examining the relationship between dorsiflexion ROM and landing biomechanics may identify a modifiable factor associated with altered kinematics and kinetics during landing tasks. Objective: To examine the relationship between weight-bearing dorsiflexion ROM and single-legged landing biomechanics in persons with CAI. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Fifteen physically active persons with CAI (5 men, 10 women; age = 21.9 ± 2.1 years, height = 168.7 ± 9.0 cm, mass = 69.4 ± 13.3 kg) participated. Intervention(s): Participants performed dorsiflexion ROM and single-legged landings from a 40-cm height. Sagittal-plane kinematics of the lower extremity and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were captured during landing. Main Outcome Measure(s): Static dorsiflexion was measured us...
Combinations of Taxanes and Ionizing Radiation

L. Milas, MD, PhD, Professor K. A. Mason, MS Z. Liao, MD, Associate Professor Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA K. K. Ang, MD, PhD, Professor Departments of Experimental Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA 3.
The biochemical changes preceding tissue death in rats.

An attempt has been made to delineate the immediate biochemical modifications which precede extremity death by analysis of glucose, adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, lactate, and glycogen in certain of its tissues. Epiphyseal cartilage demonstrates considerable resistance to devitalization preserving apparent biochemical integrity beyond two hours. Skeletal muscle responds in a somewhat more active fashion. In general, epiphyseal cartilage and muscle demonstrate considerable tolerance to nutritional deprivation. Differences between epiphyseal cartilage and skeletal muscle in their biochemical response to devitalization are described.
Demanding the Divine? Explaining Cross-National Support for Clerical Control of Politics

What explains cross-national variation in support for religious politics? More precisely, why do even observant believers show uneven demand for clerical control of politics? In contrast to theoret...
NO and NH3 Oxidation over Zeolite Materials

Abstract The oxidation of NO to NO 2 is an important reaction step for various steps in a diesel or lean burn gasoline engines after–treatment system. Additionally, NH 3 oxidation is a useful reaction to understand the side reaction of the selective catalyst reduction (SCR) as well as to remove of excess NH 3 after SCR activity. Here, we investigated three different types of acid form zeolites Chabazite (H-CHA), Beta (H-BEA), and Mordenite (H-MOR) catalysts’ activities for NO oxidation and NH 3 oxidation. Reaction temperature effects on the catalytic performance were observed by increasing the reaction temperature from 100 o C to 450 o C in intervals of 50 o C. Out of these three zeolites the acid form CHA showed highest activity due to the small pore cavity, which enhances the stability for transition complex.
Competition for resources and its behavioral consequences among female primates

Via the current model on the evolutionary ecology of female social relationships, Sterck et al. (1997) argue that ecological conditions determine how competition over food resources affects female fitness. The relative importance of different modes of competition then affects female social relationships and dispersal patterns. I outline the model and review relevant data. There are 3 modes of feeding competition: within-group scramble (WGS), within-group contest (WGC), and between-group contest (BGC), which occur in various combinations in different populations of nonhuman primates. Ecological measures support predictions that limiting resources lead to WGS and clumped resources induce WGC. The ecological basis of BGC remains elusive, but it is probably linked to resource abundance. Tests of the proxies of feeding competition support the idea that short-term search substrates and increasing group size lead to WGS, while high-quality patches of intermediate size relative to group size lead to WGC. However, when tested across populations, independent measures of aggression rates do not always match the actual or presumed competitive regimes. This mismatch might be explained by confounding factors and the predominately indirect measures of feeding competition. Predicted relationships between feeding competition and female social relationships/dispersal are only partly supported. This might be attributed to the fact that few studies have taken ultimate approaches using mechanistic correlates of fitness (net energy gain) or lifetime reproductive success to measure consequences of feeding competition. But to resolve existing inconsistencies, additional factors need to be taken into account as well, for example, male sexual strategies may affect female feeding competition; constraints on group size may enforce female dispersal; and demography may alter rates of alliances. More explicitly, ultimate approaches are needed to test the consistency of the socioecological model.
Ni-Based Monolith n-Dodecane Reforming Catalysts: Optimization of O/C and Effect of Ni Interaction with Cordierite

Autothermal reforming (ATR) has been performed over 2 wt % Ni/Ce–Zr–O/monolith catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure with complete conversion of n-dodecane at 700 °C. The O/C ratio (0.6–1.1) was investigated. At optimal O/C ratio (0.9) the maximum H2-rich syngas yield could be achieved with both upstream (746 °C) and downstream (709 °C) monolith temperatures above 700 °C. BET surface area and Ni dispersion were measured, while temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize carbon deposition and nickel status. TPO and SEM showed that carbon deposited on the monolith decreases with increasing O/C ratio and along the axial direction from upstream to downstream. The effect of catalyst calcination treatment (700 to 1200 °C) on the yields of H2, CO/CO2, and C1–C4 hydrocarbon products was also studied with ATR O/C ratios at 0.6 and 0.9. The amount of deposited carbon dec...
Trajectory Diversion of an Earth-Threatening Asteroid via Massive Tether-Ballast System

The risk of an impact between a large asteroid and the Earth has been deemed signicant enough to attract the attention of an increasing number of researchers and government ocials. Researchers have provided a large volume of information related to the location and mitigation of Earth-threatening asteroids. Congress directed NASA in 2005, via the George E. Brown, Jr. Near-Earth Object Survey Act, to provide an analysis of some of the alternatives proposed for both nding and mitigating threats. This paper focuses on a mitigation technique that was not included among the alternatives listed in the report, namely the use of a long tether and ballast mass to divert an asteroid. In a previous study, such a tether was modeled as massless and inelastic, and the results showed that a tetherballast system may be a viable method for diverting Earth-threatening asteroids from impacting the Earth. For this study, it was desired to gradually relax this assumption, so models were developed to include mass or elasticity or both. This increased model complexity comes with a price, computational time, which is also discussed. Several key issues are highlighted as the model complexity increases, such as the eect of a tether going slack on maximum tether tension.
Effect of Spironolactone on Spontaneous NaGl Intake of Adrenalectomized Rats.

SummaryThe increased intake of 0.15 M NaCl solution by adrenalectomized rats was reduced progressively by subcutaneous administration of increasing doses of the miner-alocorticoid hormone, desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA). When the administered dose exceeded 100 μg/100 g body weight/day, the spontaneous NaCl intake returned toward that of control, adrenalectomized rats. Thus, a U-shaped dose-response relationship was observed between NaCl intake and dose of DOCA administered. Dietary administration of spironolactone, the mineralocorticoid antagonist (400 mg/kg food), simultaneously with graded doses of DOCA, inhibited the effect of DOCA on spontaneous NaCl intake of adrenalectomized rats. The results of this experiment provide further indirect evidence for the specificity of control of spontaneous NaCl intake by blood level of mineralocorticoid hormone.
Colors of the newborn.

It is true that immediately at birth some blue babies have heart defects and some yellow babies jaundice, but far more often a brand-new baby is blue or yellow for other reasons. Yellowness, or greenness, most often is meconium discoloration. A newborn may be pale or white simply because he is postmature.
Research on the Security Architecture of Wireless Cognitive Sensor Networks in Smart Grid

As the next generation electricity system,the smart grid should possess the capability to transmit reliable and real-time information to the control centers of the utilities.In order to solve the issues such as heterogeneous coexistence,spectrum scarcity,tremendous data processing and security guarantees,revolutionary communication architecture is urgently demanded.This paper analyzes the incentives for introducing WCSN into smart grids and lists the related work on smart grids,cognitive radio networks and wireless sensor networks.Furthermore,the hierarchical architecture of WCSN is illustrated,which consists of home area networks,neighborhood area networks and wide area networks.In conclusion,we propose the security architecture of wireless sensor networks based on cognitive radio for smart grids.
Enantiomeric and Isomeric Separation of Pesticides by Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography

Cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography was applied successfully to the enantiomeric and isomeric separation of 7 commonly used pesticides (propiconazole, bioallethrin, fenpropathrin, phenothrin, bitertanol, triadimenol, and dimethomorph). Commercially available surfactants used alone or in combination with cyclodextrins were evaluated for separation of the enantiomers/isomers of the 7 pesticides. The enantiomers/isomers of the pesticides used in this study were baseline resolved with resolutions of >1.5. The resolution was found to depend on the type of surfactant and cyclodextrin employed in the running buffer. In the case of propiconazole and dimethomorph, baseline resolution was also achieved by adding sodium cholate (a chiral surfactant) alone to the running buffer. Analysis of fortified water samples yielded recoveries ranging from 45 to 89% and method detection limits ranging from 0.18 to 2.1 ppb. The reported capillary electrophoresis methods are simple, rapid, and reproducible.
Identification and Characterization of Early Mission Phase Microorganisms Residing on the Mars Science Laboratory and Assessment of Their Potential to Survive Mars-like Conditions.

Abstract Planetary protection is governed by the Outer Space Treaty and includes the practice of protecting planetary bodies from contamination by Earth life. Although studies are constantly expanding our knowledge about life in extreme environments, it is still unclear what the probability is for terrestrial organisms to survive and grow on Mars. Having this knowledge is paramount to addressing whether microorganisms transported from Earth could negatively impact future space exploration. The objectives of this study were to identify cultivable microorganisms collected from the surface of the Mars Science Laboratory, to distinguish which of the cultivable microorganisms can utilize energy sources potentially available on Mars, and to determine the survival of the cultivable microorganisms upon exposure to physiological stresses present on the martian surface. Approximately 66% (237) of the 358 microorganisms identified are related to members of the Bacillus genus, although surprisingly, 22% of all isolat...
Safety and efficacy of modified FOLFIRINOX in pancreatic cancer: A retrospective experience.

e14614 Background: Conroy et al reported a significant improvement in overall survival of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with FOLFIRINOX compared to single agent gemcitabine. Th...
The Effect of Outpatient Interventional Audiology on Inpatient Audiology Services

Although older adults are likely to experience some degree of hearing loss that if untreated will interfere with treatment for other disorders and result in less-than-optimal health care outcomes, health care providers do not have a reliable and cost-effective way to identify these individuals when admitted to a hospital for inpatient care. This article addresses the impact of untreated hearing loss on health care in a hospital setting and shares how the implementation of interventional audiology in an outpatient clinic has impacted the inpatient audiology services provided at a large tertiary care hospital. A discussion of how these services can be further expanded is provided.
More Intensity in Major Regional Talk

This chapter focuses on prominent sports talk-radio shows with large regional markets, Mike’s On: Francesa on the FAN and The Paul Finebaum Show. Both provide significant subjects for this study’s qualitatively descriptive examination of some of the most exemplary participants in the hyper-mediated marketplace of sports narratives, advancing their own considerable narratives as well as providing prominent venues for a remarkable array of their listeners’ call-in narrative contributions. It offers contrasting perspectives for analysis of the sociological dynamics that offer insight into what makes all the endless talking to this end so vital to so many.
Dual Role of Nitric Oxide in Regulating the Response of β Cells to DNA Damage

Abstract Significance: Cytokines released in and around pancreatic islets during islet inflammation are believed to contribute to impaired β cell function and β cell death during the development of diabetes. Nitric oxide, produced by β cells in response to cytokine exposure, controls many of the responses of β cells during islet inflammation. Recent Advances: Although nitric oxide has been shown to inhibit insulin secretion and oxidative metabolism and induce DNA damage in β cells, it also activates protective pathways that promote recovery of insulin secretion and oxidative metabolism and repair of damaged DNA. Recent studies have identified a novel role for nitric oxide in selectively regulating the DNA damage response in β cells. Critical Issues: Does nitric oxide mediate cytokine-induced β cell damage, or is nitric oxide produced by β cells in response to cytokines to protect β cells from damage? Future Directions: β cells appear to be the only islet endocrine cell type capable of responding to proinf...
Abstract 14017: Prognostic Impact of Peak Heart Rate During Exercise in Atrial Fibrillation

Background and Aim: Heart rate (HR) during exercise is known to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity/mortality in sinus rhythm (SR). However, the relationship between HR profile during exerc...
Visualizing the molecular wave function in σ-coordinated complexes.

Abstract The π-complex theory developed by Michael J. S. Dewar in 1949 has had its most profound impact as part of the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model, a seminal and foundational contribution to the field of organometallic chemistry. Over time it has demonstrated its utility in systems far from those originally envisaged, including σ-coordinated metal-complexes. This latter application is notable due to Dewar’s original skepticism that his π-complex theory could be extended to σ-bonds. Separately it has previously been demonstrated that a one-electron wave function can be shown to satisfy an exact one-electron Schrodinger equation describing the motion of the single electron in the average field of the remaining electrons. To celebrate the centenary of his birth this paper seeks to demonstrate that σ-coordinated metal-complexes present a perfect system to exemplify both the utility of the one-electron wave function and the power of the π-complex theory.
Nonlinear electron transport mobility in asymmetric wide quantum well structure

The nonlinearity of multisubband electron mobility µ in a GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs wide quantum well structure is studied by varying the well width w and doping concentration Ndb (Ndt) lying in the bottom (top) barrier. The electrons diffuse into the well and accumulate near the interfaces forming two sheets of coupled two dimensional electron gases equivalent to a double quantum well structure. We show that interchange of doping concentrations Ndb and Ndt lead to the enhancement of µ as a function of w as long as Ndt > Ndb, even though the surface electron density remains unaltered. Further, keeping Ndb unchanged, variation of Ndt leads to nonlinearity in µ near the resonance of subband states at Ndt = Ndb at which the subband energy levels exhibit anticrossing. The variation of µ becomes prominent by increasing the well width and resonant doping concentration. The nonlinearity in µ is mostly because of the change in the interface roughness scattering potential through intersubband effects due to the substantial changes in the distributions of the subband wave functions around resonance. Our results of nonmonotonic variation of µ can be utilized for low temperature coupled quantum well devices.
Therapeutic ultrasound with an emphasis on applications to the brain

Abstract: Diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound have their roots in studies targeting applications to the brain from the 1920s and 1930s, with a heyday in the 1950s. There has been a significant resurgence over recent decades in applications of diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound to the central nervous system. This chapter provides a review of how ultrasound interacts with tissue, followed by diagnostic ultrasound highlighting issues relevant to therapeutic applications, then a summary imaging the peripheral nervous system and brain. Therapeutic ultrasound is discussed: concepts, extensions or enhancements of concepts useful for diagnostic ultrasound, followed by a summary of recent advances, with a review of recent work, on neuromodulation with ultrasound.
¿Los actos propios en el proceso civil? A propósito del principio de la buena fe procesal y su incorporación en la Ley n.º 20.886 sobre Tramitación Electrónica en el procedimiento civil chileno

espanolEl presente trabajo trata los problemas de las antinomias en el derecho procesal en relacion con el principio de la buena fe adjetiva. Lo anterior, con ocasion de la reciente incorporacion al ordenamiento juridico procesal chileno de la Ley sobre Tramitacion Electronica que contiene expresamente el instituto y ademas menciona la posibilidad de contravenir los propios actos dentro de las figuras contrarias al principio. EnglishThis paper deals with the problems of antinomies in procedural law in relation to the principle of adjective good faith. This, on the occasion of the recent incorporation to the Chilean procedural legal system of the Law of Electronic Processing that expressly contains the institute and also mentions within the figures contrary to the principle, to the own acts.
Infrared band strengths for amorphous and crystalline methyl propionate, a candidate interstellar molecule.

Abstract Mid-infrared spectra of amorphous and crystalline methyl propionate, CH3CH2COOCH3, are presented for the first time from a single laboratory, along with measurements of the refractive index of each solid form. Density estimates are made and IR band strengths and absorption coefficients are calculated. Vapor pressures of crystalline methyl propionate at 140–150 K are reported along with an enthalpy of sublimation. Spectroscopic results are compared to a recent study of this compound, and the phase of methyl propionate in that work is identified. Several applications are described.
Pulse shape discrimination with a low-cost digitizer using commercial off-the-shelf components

Abstract Pulse shape discrimination of neutrons and gammas is demonstrated using a FemtoDAQ, a low-cost digitizer that uses commercial off-the-shelf components. This digitizer is paired with a CLYC scintillator coupled to a photomultiplier tube to concurrently detect neutrons and gammas. Python code was written to analyze the detector waveforms to determine the energy deposited and distinguish neutron and gamma events within the CLYC crystal. The energy of each waveform is determined by the summation of the discrete amplitudes recorded by the digitizer for each pulse. This method is compared to a traditional multichannel analyzer operating with commercial software for validation and shown to produce the same energy spectrum . Pulse shape discrimination is accomplished by measuring and summing the amplitudes of the prompt portion of each waveform (first 80 ns) and the delayed portion (following 500 ns) and then calculating a ratio of the delayed region to the total. This technique was able to clearly distinguish thermal neutron events from gamma events with a figure of merit of 1.42.
Interfamily variability in patients with classical Fabry disease

Fabry disease (FD) is a X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the GLA gene leading to insufficient alpha-galactosidase A enzyme levels, progressive substrate accumulation, and multisystemic medical complications. The evolving understanding of FD phenotype recognizes that symptoms present on a spectrum from the severe “Classical” presentation to the more variable, but still life-impacting “Nonclassical” presentations. Even within classical disease presentation, intrafamilial variability related to symptom onset and severity is present. In order to highlight this intrafamilial variability, we discuss cases in the literature and report on signs, symptoms, and onset of FD in two multigenerational families with classical variants. Discussion will also review possible modification of phenotype in young family members through disease specific therapies including enzyme replacement and chaperone therapy. Family 1 includes 7 members (4 males, 3 females) over three generations with confirmed diagnosis of Fabry disease caused by the c.164A>T/c.171G>A (p.Asp55Val/Gln57Leu) GLA variants. Intrafamilial variability is most evident in the different presenting phenotypes in males in the family: two males in differing generations with childhood onset of neuropathic pain, but not gastrointestinal issues and two additional males in differing generations with gastrointestinal issues but not neuropathic pain. Family 2 includes three affected family members (1 male, 2 females) over two generations with a confirmed diagnosis of FD caused by a c.647A>G (p.Tyr216Cys)] GLA variant. In this family, childhood symptom onset and progression is very similar between males and females including gastrointestinal issues and neuropathic pain in childhood. However, other childhood symptoms diverge with one female family member exhibited severe vertigo and the other family members affected by more frequent and severe pain crises. This discussion of intrafamilial phenotypic variability provides a reminder that phenotype is a spectrum even in patients in the same family with the same classical GLA variant.
Psychology-Compatible Elicitation Mechanisms: The Uncertainty Effect as a Case Study

This paper introduces the notion of ‘psychology-compatible’ to refer to elicitation mechanisms that do not interfere with the psychological processes behind the phenomenon being studied. Its importance is demonstrated with one of the most commonly used mechanisms in experimental economics, the multiple-price-list, where subjects answer yes/no to their willingness to pay each of a set of prices. Four experiments that manipulate how valuations are elicited show that the Uncertainty Effect, which occurs when people value a risky prospect less that its worst outcome, reliably fails to be replicated with the multiple-price-list. This is proposed to occur because such elicitation (i) facilitates the identification of dominated alternatives and (ii) induces a more analytical processing of information. A modified elicitation method that should not have such consequences, where (the same) prices are presented sequentially rather than simultaneously, reliably does replicate the Uncertainty Effect, and so do open ended elicitations.
Walking breaks can reduce prolonged standing induced low back pain.

Abstract Standing is commonly recommended to reduce sedentary behavior in the workplace; however, constrained prolonged standing has also been linked to musculoskeletal symptoms, such as low back pain (LBP). Light physical activity breaks, such as walking, may change lumbar spine posture enough to reduce LBP during standing. This study assessed the effectiveness of inserting 5-minute walking breaks every 25 min for reducing prolonged standing-induced LBP development. Nineteen participants completed two bouts of standing lasting 2 h – one with a 5-minute walking break every 25 min and one with no breaks. Pain measures were completed throughout the trial to categorize participants as pain developers (PDs) or non-pain developers (non-PDs). Lumbar region kinematics angle and range of motion were measured continuously. In standing, 58% (11/19) of participants were PDs, compared to just 26% when walking breaks were inserted. Seventy-three percent (8/11) were categorized as non-PDs with walking breaks. Median lumbar flexion increased during walking compared to standing. Lumbar region range of motion in the coronal and transverse planes also increased during walking. The intermittent lumbar flexion may help decrease LBP during prolonged standing. These results demonstrate that walking breaks may help promote lumbar movement and reduce prolonged standing-induced LBP.
Users’ Internet Searches as Proxies for Disease Escalation Trends

Viral Hepatitis diseases are of the most infectious diseases in the world with 10s of millions. Over half the world’s population is exposed to the different hepatotropic viruses 1. In this research we studied the ability of Internet based search and keywords’ surveillance to correlate with infectious diseases escalation. With focus on USA, we collected data from CDC on Hepatitis diseases for several years and built a dataset of Internet search terms that can correlate with the volumes of reported cases of those diseases. We presented the final product as “best set of keywords” that can be used to predict future possible breakouts in Hepatitis. Linear regressions and decision trees were used to test the level of accuracy for the prediction based on Hepatitis search keywords