cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outsourced Credibility?: A quasi-experimental study of corrections at newspapers pre- and post-outsourcing of copy editing

This study tests the assumption that outsourcing copy editing harms accuracy. Authors content analyzed all corrected errors in five newspapers in a full year both before and after outsourcing of all copy editing (N = 3255), while controlling for newspapers’ circulation during the two-year period. Literature on media credibility informs the analyses. Five daily newspapers in the United States and Canada have outsourced all copy editing either to parent-company editing centers in other states or cities (Hartford Courant, CT; Raleigh News & Observer, NC; Winston-Salem Journal, NC; Daily Press, Newport News, VA) or a commercial firm external to the newspaper company but based in the same city (Toronto Star). Results are mixed but do not generally support the suppositions of some industry observers that outsourcing copy editing uniformly harms accuracy. The Daily Press experienced a significant increase in accuracy, that is, a fall in average daily corrections. Average corrections did rise significantly at the...
Abruptio placentae; a ten-year survey.

Abstract 1. 1. Two hundred fourteen cases of severe abruptio placentae are presented. These occurred over a 10 year period. 2. 2. Only severe placental separations are considered (50 per cent or more separation). 3. 3. The incidence is about 1:180 deliveries or 6 per 1,000 and is more common in multigravidas. 4. 4. No constant etiological factor was demonstrated; however, one should have a high index of suspicion when treating the indigent, nonclinic, hypertensive, and toxic patient. 5. 5. Cesarean section is employed freely to empty the uterus whenever vaginal delivery cannot be accomplished promptly. 6. 6. The regimen presented has markedly reduced maternal deaths in our experience.
Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

This chapter focuses on gender differences in trauma exposure and the development of posttraumatic sequelae over the life course. First, we review the prevalence of trauma exposure and posttraumatic sequelae with particular attention to comorbidity and disability or impairment. Second, we review psychobiological processes that explain risk for various types of posttraumatic sequelae with a focus on gender and comorbidity. Third, we review the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for various disorders associated with trauma exposure. Fourth, we review the best available instruments designed to assess these disorders. Fifth, we review the current best practices for treatment of these conditions including psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, and combined approaches designed to treat comorbid conditions. We conclude that despite a large body of research documenting gender differences in trauma exposure and trauma-related disorders much work remains to be done in this area.
Conclusion: The Politics of Difference, Performativity, Identities and Belonging

In this chapter, Al Rasheed informed about the Black woman’s body’s subjectivity; through the examination of the lived reality of the Sudanese women, Al Rasheed problematized the category of national identity and maintained the importance of analysis of practices and performance, in the discussion of the performativities of Islam and identity construction in the diasporic space. Al Rasheed explored the dimensions of conflicting Sudanese identities and the construction of Arabism and Islamism among the Sudanese. The analysis of intersecting power relations concluded with the exploration of the relations between structures, institutions, discourses, as they appear in the UK, and as discourses that acknowledge the state-sanctioned Muslim identity, define it, and give it authority and power.
Neuronal Signatures of Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient

Emerging evidence suggests chronic pain is a neurological disease that requires a unique set of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. While much emphasis has been placed on therapy, advances in diagnostic methods have received comparatively little attention. This chapter discusses the structural and functional changes in the brain associated with chronic pain, arguing such changes constitute neuronal signatures that could potentially lead to objective diagnostics, while respecting the subjective pain report by the patient. This chapter reviews morphometric, functional neuroimaging and electrophysiological data that correlate with the presence, severity, and duration of chronic pain, while highlighting quantitative data analysis methods such as frequency domains analysis of EEG and machine learning. Limitations and future directions leading to the development of objective diagnostics for pain are also discussed.
High-Throughput Chemical Probing of Full-Length Protein–Protein Interactions

Human biology is regulated by a complex network of protein–protein interactions (PPIs), and disruption of this network has been implicated in many diseases. However, the targeting of PPIs remains a challenging area for chemical probe and drug discovery. Although many methodologies have been put forth to facilitate these efforts, new technologies are still needed. Current biochemical assays for PPIs are typically limited to motif–domain and domain–domain interactions, and assays that will enable the screening of full-length protein systems, which are more biologically relevant, are sparse. To overcome this barrier, we have developed a new assay technology, “PPI catalytic enzyme-linked click chemistry assay” or PPI cat-ELCCA, which utilizes click chemistry to afford catalytic signal amplification. To validate this approach, we have applied PPI cat-ELCCA to the eIF4E–4E-BP1 and eIF4E–eIF4G PPIs, key regulators of cap-dependent mRNA translation. Using these examples, we have demonstrated that PPI cat-ELCCA i...
Intensive Care Management of Patients with Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a major worldwide health problem which results in a high level of morbidity and mortality. Patients with cirrhosis who require intensive care support have high mortality rates of near 50%. The goal of this review is to address the management of common complications of cirrhosis in the ICU. Recent epidemiological studies have shown an increase in hospitalizations due to advanced liver disease with an associated increase in intensive care utilization. Given an increasing burden on the healthcare system, it is imperative that we strive to improve our management cirrhotic patients in the intensive care unit. Large studies evaluating the management of patients in the intensive care setting are lacking. To date, most recommendations are based on extrapolation of data from studies in cirrhosis outside of the ICU or by applying general critical care principles which may or may not be appropriate for the critically ill cirrhotic patient. Future research is required to answer important management questions.
Sentencing in Time

This extended essay reflects on how our failure to understand and imagine time creates two sorts of injustice in sentencing: imagining time as a quantity leads to sentencing that ignores duration and human mortality; imagining time as immediate experience leads to sentencing that ignores the possibility of change. We should take care to understand that to be human is to act through time, not to subsist in time, and therefore sentences should be measured in deeds, not years.
Synopsis and Prognosis

Large areas of the temperate forest ecosystem are currently experiencing major perturbation from air pollution. The influence of a variety of air contaminants on biogeochemical cycling, patterns of succession and competition, and individual tree health, designated Class II interactions in this book, are causing significant forest change in the temperate zone. At the ecosystem level the major perturbations include decreased productivity, biomass and diversity; at the community level, reduced growth; and at the population level, altered species composition. Early and midsuccessional forests are concluded to be at particular risk. Temperate forests have historically been subjected to major change resulting from the activities of human beings. For centuries the major influence was gross destruction for agricultural, fuel, or other wood-product purposes. In the present century reduced need for agricultural land and increased forest management have reduced the adverse impact on forests in temperate latitudes. Human activities of primary contemporary importance to forest structure and function have included the introduction of exotic arthropod and microbial tree pests into forest systems lacking evolutionary exposure to these destructive agents, enhancement of native and natural stresses by cultural practices, and the creation of artificial forests of one or a few commercially important species. In the past several decades, however, we have accumulated sufficient evidence to indicate that an additional major anthropogenic modifier of temperate forest ecosystem development is air pollution.
Investigating Determinants of Voting for the "Helpfulness" of Online Consumer Reviews: A Text Mining Approach

The “helpfulness” feature of online user reviews helps consumers cope with information overloads and facilitates decision making. However, many online user reviews lack sufficient helpfulness votes for other users to evaluate their true helpfulness level. This study empirically examines the impact of the various features, that is, basic, stylistic, and semantic, of online user reviews on the number of helpfulness votes those reviews receive. Text mining techniques are employed to extract semantic characteristics from review texts. Our findings show that the semantic characteristics are more influential than other characteristics in affecting how many helpfulness votes reviews receive. Our findings also suggest that reviews with extreme opinions receive more helpfulness votes than those with mixed or neutral opinions. This paper sheds light on the understanding of online users’ helpfulness voting behavior and the design of a better helpfulness voting mechanism for online user review systems.
Boundary management strategies reflecting the discourse-dependent nature of work-spouse relationships

The work-spouse relationship has gained scholarly and popular media attention in recent years. Because the relationship is a blend of friendship, workplace relationship, and intimate partnership, w...
Pathways to Working Alliances: Special Educators' Emotional Labor and Relationships with Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders.

Background/ContextResearch has also shown that educators who are more socially and emotionally competent are more likely to create nurturing relationships and high-quality classroom environments th...
Outcomes of balloon occlusion in the University of California Morbidly Adherent Placenta Registry.

BACKGROUND Morbidly adherent placenta, also known as placenta accreta spectrum, is associated with severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Multiple adjunctive procedures have been proposed to improve outcomes, and at many institutions, interventional radiologists will play a role in assisting obstetricians in these cases. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of women with morbidly adherent placenta who underwent cesarean hysterectomy with aortic balloon occlusion or internal iliac artery balloon occlusion catheters, compared with cesarean hysterectomy with surgical ligation of the iliac arteries, or cesarean hysterectomy without adjunctive procedures. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective review of women with morbidly adherent placenta treated with cesarean hysterectomy was performed at 5 institutions from May 2014 to April 2018. The balloon occlusion group had either prophylactic aortic or iliac balloons placed prior to cesarean hysterectomy. Comparison groups included those who underwent internal iliac artery ligation prior to hysterectomy or a control group if they underwent cesarean hysterectomy without adjuvant procedures. Evaluated outcomes include estimated blood loss, transfusion requirements, intensive care unit admission, and adverse event rates. RESULTS There were 171 women with morbidly adherent placenta included in the study. Twenty-eight had balloon placement prior to cesarean hysterectomy, 18 had intraoperative internal iliac artery ligation, and there were 125 control women who underwent cesarean hysterectomy without any adjunctive procedures. Compared with the women who underwent cesarean hysterectomy without adjunctive procedures, women who underwent aortic or iliac artery balloon occlusion prior to hysterectomy had significantly lower estimated blood loss (30.9% decrease, P < .001), transfusion requirements (76.8% decrease, P < .001), intensive care unit admission rates (0% vs 15.2%, P < .001), and intensive care unit stay lengths (0.0 vs 3.1 days, P < .001). Compared with women who underwent surgical ligation of the internal iliac arteries prior to hysterectomy, women who underwent aortic or iliac artery balloon occlusion prior to cesarean hysterectomy had lower estimated blood loss (54.2% decrease, P < .01), transfusion requirements (90.5% decrease, P < .001), operating room times (40.0% decrease, P < .01), intensive care unit admissions rates (0% vs 77.8%, P < .001), intensive care unit stay lengths (0.0 vs 1.4 days, P < .001), and adverse events (3.6% vs 44.4%, P < .01). CONCLUSION Aortic and iliac artery balloon occlusion are associated with lower estimated blood loss, transfusion requirements, intensive care unit admission rates, and adverse event rates compared with women who underwent internal iliac artery ligation prior to cesarean hysterectomy or women who had no adjunctive interventions prior to cesarean hysterectomy for morbidly adherent placenta.
Can there be a science of psychology? Aristotle’s de anima and the structure and construction of science

Abstract This article considers whether and how there can be for Aristotle a genuine science of ‘pure’ psychology, of the soul as such, which amounts to considering whether Aristotle’s model of science in the Posterior Analytics is applicable to the de Anima.
Chapter 24 – Energy Economics

Publisher Summary This chapter provides answers to questions that are related to energy economics. These questions include the comparative costs of electricity from nuclear plants and from coal or oil plants, the expected use for nuclear power in the future, and the choices of nuclear power research and development that must be made. Economics is the study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different people. Half the cost of electric power is for generation. Electricity from plants that use coal or nuclear fuel is comparable in cost, with a tradeoff between capital costs and fuel costs. Costs of construction of nuclear plants and the time to complete them in the United States were exorbitant for several reasons. There have been no orders for new nuclear plants since 1978. The nuclear industry has several opportunities for improvements including license extension but is faced with the challenges of electricity restructuring. Several advanced reactor concepts are being promoted to preserve the nuclear option. A nuclear renaissance involves building additional power plants and carrying out research on new reactor concepts.
Benchmark neutrinoless double- β decay matrix elements in a light nucleus

We compute nuclear matrix elements of neutrinoless double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay mediated by light Majorana-neutrino exchange in the $A=6$ system. The goal is to benchmark two many-body approaches, the no-core shell model and the multireference in-medium similarity renormalization group (SRG). We use a SRG-evolved next-to-next-to-next-to-leading chiral order two-body potential for the nuclear interaction, and make the approximation that the isospin is conserved. We compare the results of the two approaches as a function of the cutoff on the many-body basis space. Although differences are seen in the predicted nuclear radii, the ground-state energies and neutrinoless double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay matrix elements produced by the two approaches show significant agreement. We discuss the implications for calculations in heavier nuclei.
Family Complexity and Children's Behavior Problems over Two U.S. Cohorts.

Objective We consider the prevalence of family complexity and its association with children's externalizing behavior problems over children's life course and over historical time. Background A growing literature has demonstrated the prevalence and multidimensional nature of family complexity and its association with child behavior. The nature/strength of this association may have changed in recent cohorts as family complexity has become more common. Method Data are from the 1997 and 2014 cohorts of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement. Samples represent U.S. children ages 0-12 years born since 1985 (N=5,030). Ordinary least squares regression estimated change in the association between family complexity and behavior between cohorts. Difference-in-difference models estimated baseline and longitudinal differences in children's behavior as linked to family complexity. Results The prevalence of family complexity has stabilized over the last two decades, and the antecedents to parental repartnering and complex sibship organization remain similar. The expectation that increasing family complexity contributes to elevated behavior problem scores was not supported. Instead, children who eventually acquired a step- or half-sibling or who experienced parents' union dissolution had elevated behavior problems prior to those changes. Conclusion The prevalence of and precursors to complex family organization were stable across recent child cohorts. The observed association between family complexity and child behavior problems may be attributable to selection mechanisms linked to both parents' family formation trajectories and to children's behavior, rather than to family change itself.
Insecurity orientations: A person-centered approach to existential concerns

Abstract This research explores the ways in which psychological insecurities in three domains—the self, meaning, and relationships—are distributed intra-individually. Specifically, we explore the hypothesis that certain profiles of insecurity are associated with sociocultural and personality indicators. Building upon recent theorizing regarding psychological security (Hart, 2014) and cultural-existential psychology (Sullivan, 2016), two studies (N = 1049) support the existence of hypothesized “insecurity orientations.” Insecurities tended to distribute intra-individually in accordance with three insecurity prototypes: Social Concern (relatively concerned with relationships and unconcerned with meaning), Meaning Concern (relatively concerned with meaning and unconcerned with relationships), and Secure (relatively secure in all resources). Using the resultant cluster solutions as a foundation, theorized differences in sociocultural (e.g., religiosity, political orientation, individualism-collectivism) and personality indicators (e.g., attachment and the Big Five) are investigated. Results support the hypothesized relationships between insecurity orientations and sociocultural and personality variables (e.g., meaning-concerned individuals are less religious than socially-concerned individuals). Implications for global wellbeing are then considered, including the possibility that insecurity orientations may leave individuals more vulnerable to some types of distress than others (e.g., anxiety vs. depression).
Annotated Lesson Plan: Paul, Ethnicity, and Belonging

This is an annotated lesson plan for a class discussion and activity about Paul’s letters to the Galatians and Romans in an “Introduction to the New Testament” undergraduate course. The primary aim of this lesson plan is to help students develop a vocabulary to discuss ethnicity and belonging. In the first part of the activity, students closely read Galatians and Romans and were able to articulate how Paul differentiates between Jews and Gentiles, and further, how their differences are important for how each group achieves the crucial status of righteousness. In the second part, students drew comparisons between Paul’s seemingly universalizing statement in Galatians 3:26-29 and contemporary political discourses that employ universalizing/particularizing dichotomies. Specifically, they analyzed the #AllLivesMatter response to #BlackLivesMatter and how Paul might respond to both.
Maternal Marijuana Exposure, Feto-Placental Weight Ratio, and Placental Histology.

OBJECTIVE Marijuana use is associated with placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth restriction, but the mechanism remains uncertain. The objective was to evaluate the association between maternal marijuana use and the feto-placental weight ratio (FPR). Secondarily, we aimed to compare placental histology of women who used marijuana to those who did not. STUDY DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of singleton pregnancies enrolled in a multicenter and case-control stillbirth study. Prior marijuana use was detected by electronic medical record abstraction or cord homogenate positive for 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid. Prior tobacco use was detected by self-report or presence of maternal serum cotinine. Stillbirths and live births were considered separately. The primary outcome was FPR. Association of marijuana use with FPR was estimated with multivariable linear modeling adjusted for fetal sex, preterm birth, and tobacco use. Comparisons between groups for placental histology were made using Chi-square and stratified by live birth and stillbirth, term and preterm deliveries, and fetal sex. RESULTS Of 1,027 participants, 224 were stillbirths and 803 were live births. Overall, 41 (4%) women used marijuana during the pregnancy. The FPR ratio was lower among exposed offspring but reached statistical significance only for term stillbirths (mean 6.84 with marijuana use vs. mean 7.8 without use, p < 0.001). In multivariable modeling, marijuana use was not significantly associated with FPR (p = 0.09). There were no differences in histologic placental features among those with and without marijuana use overall or in stratified analyses. CONCLUSION Exposure to marijuana may not be associated with FPR. Similarly, there were no placental histologic features associated with marijuana exposure. Further study of the influence of maternal marijuana use on placental development and function is warranted to better understand the association between prenatal marijuana use and poor fetal growth. KEY POINTS · Maternal marijuana exposure was not associated with the feto-placental weight ratio.. · Marijuana exposure was not associated with differences in placental histology.. · Concerning trend toward lower feto-placental weight ratios among marijuana-exposed stillbirths..
Vanity of Vanities: Astrology, Ecclesiastes, and Last Days in England

This chapter follows Robert Eisler as he is released from Buchenwald and arrives at Oxford to take his post as the Wilde Reader in Comparative and Natural Religion, only to find that the administration has appointed the Anglo-Catholic philosopher and historian of religions Edwin Oliver James to the readership in his absence. This was the beginning of a long series of disappointments for Eisler in the 1940s, when his health was declining, his fortune was gone, and even his old friends were beginning to see him as more of an eccentric crackpot than a respected scholar. The chapter also discusses Eisler’s book on the history of astrology, his attempted reconstruction of the original text of Ecclesiastes, and his last articles on ethics, folklore, and philology.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential from a Woody Ornamental Production System Using a Soilless Growing Substrate

This research aimed to estimate methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and subsequent global warming potential (GWP) for a Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) bark-based substrate production ...
Immunomodulatory regulation by heat-labile enterotoxins and potential therapeutic applications.

Introduction: Heat-labile enterotoxins (HLTs) and their cognate ganglioside receptors have been extensively studied because of their therapeutic potential. Gangliosides play arole in modulating eff...
Pulmonary embolism, transient ischaemic attack and thrombocytopenia after the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine.

As with past illnesses, an approach has been taken to vaccinate the population and halt the spread of COVID-19. On 13 April 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration called for a halt in the administration of the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) COVID-19 vaccine due to reports of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia being associated with vaccination. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman with a history of dyslipidaemia, depression, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and obesity presenting with dyspnoea, headache and light headedness of 3 days’ duration. Ten days prior, she had received the J&J COVID-19 vaccine. She was found to have thrombocytopenia, elevated D-dimers, pulmonary emboli and presented 1 day after discharge with an arterial clot despite being on apixaban. Six other US-based cases of venous thrombotic events are being reviewed at present. Patients should be informed of the possibility of such events to provide informed consent.
Mind the Gap: A Scoping Review of Aging and Diabetes in Mexico

Latin America is currently undergoing a major demographic transition that has resulted in dramatically increased lifespans. This transition has been accompanied by a sharp increase in non-communicable diseases, and Mexico, by example, is amongst the most acutely affected by these changes. Diabetes is the country’s leading cause of death and disability (Bello-Chavolla, Rojas-Martinez, Aguilar-Salinas, & Hernandez-Avila, 2017). Approximately 14% of the total population, or 18 million people, are living with the disease (Bello-Chavolla et al., 2017). Given Mexico’s aging population, this number is expected to grow, reaching 18% and 22% by 2030 and 2050, respectively (Rojas-Martinez et al., 2018). Demographers project that this increase disproportionately impacts older adults, with one study projecting a rise from 19.3% prevalence in 2012 to 34% in 2050 among adults over age 50 (Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Tysinger, Goldman, & Wong, 2017). Such a rapid upward trend in the prevalence of diabetes in Mexico among older adults, and its serious complications—cardiovascular disease, blindness, amputations, renal failure, and dementia —that cause much suffering and shortening of lives, is urging Mexican public health officials to improve the quality of diabetes care (Guthrie & Fleck, 2017).
Inter-well connectivity detection in CO2 WAG projects using statistical recurrent unit models

Abstract Routine well-wise injection and production measurements contain significant information on subsurface structure and properties. Data-driven technology that interprets surface data into subsurface structure or properties can assist operators in making informed decisions by providing a better understanding of field assets. Our machine-learning framework is built on the statistical recurrent unit (SRU) model and interprets well-based injection/production data into inter-well connectivity without relying on a geologic model. We test it on synthetic and field-scale CO2 EOR projects utilizing the water-alternating-gas (WAG) process. SRU is a special type of recurrent neural network (RNN) that allows for better characterization of temporal trends, by learning various statistics of the input at different time scales. In our application, the complete states (injection rate, pressure and cumulative injection) at injectors and pressure states at producers are fed to SRU as the input and the phase rates at producers are treated as the output. Once the SRU is trained and validated, it is then used to assess the connectivity of each injector to any producer using permutation variable importance method, wherein inputs corresponding to an injector are shuffled and the increase in prediction error at a given producer is recorded as the importance (connectivity metric) of the injector to the producer. This method is tested in both synthetic and field-scale cases. The validation of the proposed data-driven inter-well connectivity assessment is performed using synthetic data from simulation models where inter-well connectivity can be easily measured using the streamline-based flux allocation. The SRU model is shown to offer excellent prediction performance on the synthetic case. Despite significant measurement noise and frequent well shut-ins imposed in the field-scale case, the SRU model offers good prediction accuracy, the overall relative error of the phase production rates at most producers ranges from 10% to 30%. It is shown that the dominant connections identified by the data-driven method and streamline method are in close agreement. This significantly improves confidence in our data-driven procedure. The novelty of this work is that it is purely data-driven method and can directly interpret routine surface measurements to intuitive subsurface knowledge. Furthermore, the streamline-based validation procedure provides physics-based backing to the results obtained from data analytics. The study results in a reliable and efficient data analytics framework that is well-suited for large field applications.
Optimal investment plan for dynamic thermal rating using benders decomposition

Abstract The dynamic thermal rating is a new technology that utilizes the capacity of power transmission lines based on the ambient factors and the line condition. It usually offers higher thermal capacity than the traditional static rating. We propose a multi-stage mixed integer programming model and find the optimal investment plan for the dynamic ratings using benders decomposition. The investment plan includes when and which line should be upgraded to dynamic rating and which line should be switched out of service. The problem is decomposed into a master problem and three sub-problems. The master problem explores the candidate lines for both the investment plan and the switching plan, throughout the planning horizon. The sub-problems evaluate the proposed plans in terms of unmet demand and generation cost. Generation and transmission contingencies are also included in the model. We use our model on Garver’s system and IEEE 118-bus power systems to demonstrate our solution approach. We conduct sensitivity analyses and study the uncertainty in real-time thermal ratings, loads, and the discounting rate. Our studies show that the utilization of the dynamic ratings and the practice of transmission switching are complementary and can reduce the cost on the 118-bus system up to 30 percent.
Effects of Growth Inhibitors and Ultraviolet Irradiation on F Pili

The effects of chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, mitomycin C, NaCN, and ultraviolet irradiation at 253.7 nm on F pili production by Escherichia coli cells was studied by electron microscopy. The results show that cells contain pools of pili protein, and that assembly does not require synthesis of protein or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). NaCN (2 x 10(-2)m) prevents the reappearance of pili and causes existing pili to disappear quickly from the cell surface. This suggests that energy is used in the assembly of pili and to retain pili on the cell. Cells irradiated with high doses (10(4)ergs/mm(2)) of 253. 7 nm light produce fewer pili, and these are shorter than normal. Dose-response curves for number of pili per cell and length of pili resemble single hit kinetics, showing 37% survival at 10(4) ergs/mm(2) and 2 x 10(4) ergs/mm(2), respectively. This suggests that DNA is at the site where pili are produced, and that it may be involved in the assembly of pili.
Multiphoton Vacuum UV Photodissociation of Simple Polyatomic Molecules

With rare-gas-halide lasers, it is possible to obtain information involving high energy primary dissociations of isolated molecules. The short pulse and high powers make multiphoton excitation likely. Processes may result either from simultaneous or sequential two-photon absorptions. In addition, fragments formed during the photolysis pulse can undergo excitation. Multiphoton pumping mechanisms can give rise to efficient production of extremely energetic fragments. Multiphoton dissociation of CH3Br at 193 nm leads to CH emission from two electronically excited states. We also report results of a study of the photodissociation of acetylene at 193 nm.
Optimization of Methacrylic Acid Ester Copolymers Blends as Controlled Release Coatings Using Response Surface Methodology

The aim of this study was to statistically optimize the use of blends of methacrylic acid ester copolymers with different permeability properties as controlled-release coating systems for tablets to produce predictable predesigned release profiles. A full factorial design was used to study and optimize the use of methacrylic acid ester copolymers Eudragit® RS 30D and Eudragit® RL 30D as coating materials for controlled release. Directly compressed theophylline tablets were coated with aqueous dispersions containing different proportions of the two copolymers using a side-vented coating pan (Accela Cota®). The effect of polymer loading level at 5, 7.5, and 10% weight gain and curing time at 50°C for 12 and 24 hours were also evaluated. Coated tablets were tested for their drug release in water using a United States Pharmacopeia (USP) dissolution apparatus #2. The results showed that increasing the content of the lower permeability copolymer Eudragit® RS 30D, increasing the polymer load, and increasing curi...
Predicting Bidirectional Intimate Partner Violence: Demographic and Historical Factors That Influence Initiating Threats or Use of Violence by IPV Victims

Using data from the National Violence Against Women Survey, this study explored the role of gender and other demographic and historical factors that influence initiating threats or use of violence among a sample of intimate partner violence (IPV) victims—an element of bidirectional violence. For this study, involvement in a relationship marked by bidirectional violence was defined as an affirmative response to this question: Were you the first person to use/threaten physical force? after respondents self-identified as IPV victims. The hypothesized model to predict initiating threats or use of violence among male victims was not significant, but marital status, income, employment status, and childhood victimization experiences did significantly predict female behavior. Age, race, education, alcohol use, drug use, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were not useful in explaining model variance for men or women. The rates of perpetration were equivalent for males and females; however, these fin...
Application of Inductively-Coupled Plasma Excitation Sources to the Determination of Trace Metals in Microliter Volumes of Biological Fluids

The inductively coupled plasma is a promising excitation source for the simultaneous multielement determination of trace (nanogram per milliliter) elements in biological fluids. As little as 25 µl of sample fluid (whole blood, serum, or plasma) has been used, with essentially no sample preparation. This technique offers significant advantages over other methods requiring considerable sample handling that may greatly increase the danger of contamination or loss of trace constituents. The precision of the method is typically ±3 to 5%. Because this is an emission spectroscopic technique, a multichannel direct-reading spectrometer allows simultaneous multielement analyses to be made on microliter samples.
Patient outcomes with co-managed post-operative care after cataract surgery.

This study examined the practice of co-managed post-operative care and the visual acuity outcomes and complications associated with co-managed services. Data on service utilization and medical outcomes were collected for 2822 cataract surgery procedures performed in 5 ambulatory eye centers between January and July 1988. Average age of patients was 72.8 (SD = 10.4) and 63% were female. Eighty-seven percent of eyes were co-managed. Average number of post-operative visits within 90 days was 4.7 and 6.2 for co-managed cases with and without complications, respectively. Successful visual acuity outcomes (< 20/40) were experienced by 86% of all co-managed patients. There was evidence that patients with pre-existing ocular conditions (e.g. glaucoma, macular degeneration) and serious post-surgical complications were not referred for co-management. For co-managed patients without pre-existing medical or ocular conditions, 92% had successful vision outcomes, while 77-90% with these conditions had successful outcomes. Ninety-three percent of co-managed cases had no post-operative complications, and the rate of specific types of complications ranged from 0.04 to 2.0%. Using physician evaluations as the standard, sensitivity of optometrist detection of complications was 59% and specificity was 99.6%. Optometrists located in separate offices demonstrated 95.8% accuracy in assessing patients for post-operative complications.
Circular dichroism of bilirubin-amine heteroassociation complexes

Abstract Bichromophoric ( 4Z ,15 Z )-bilirubin-IXα , the yellow-orange cytotoxic pigment of jaundice, adopts either of two intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded enantiomeric conformations that are in dynamic equilibrium in solution. The addition of S -(+)-2-aminobutane induces the pigment solutions to exhibit intense bisignate circular dichroism (Δe423max= +19.5, Δe479max= -26.0 (benzene)] in the region of the bilirubin long wave length UV-visible absorption band [Δe469max = 60,900 (benzene)]. As seen with serum albumin and other proteins, the optically active base acts as a chiral complexation agent to induce an asymmetric transformation of bilirubin, whose induced bisignate circular dichroism Cotton effect is characteristic of exciton splitting of the component pyrromethenone chromophores.
Neonatal screening for glutaric aciduria type I: strategies to proceed.

Acute encephalopathic crisis in glutaric aciduria type I results in an unfavourable disease course and poor outcome, dominated by dystonia, feeding problems, seizures and reduced life expectancy. A conditio sine qua non for the prevention of irreversible brain damage is timely diagnosis and start of therapy, i.e. before the onset of neurological disease. As there are no specific clinical signs or symptoms that allow a reliable detection of these patients before the manifestation of encephalopathic crises, neonatal screening programmes for glutaric aciduria type I have been established in some countries using analysis of glutarylcarnitine in dried blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry. This article summarizes recent strategies, pitfalls and shortcomings of mass screening for glutaric aciduria type I, focusing on the relevant risk of missing patients with a mild biochemical phenotype (i.e. low excretors). Furthermore, it evaluates a binary strategy – using glutarylcarnitine as primary variable and glutarylcarnitine/acylcarnitine ratios as secondary variable – to improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of neonatal screening for glutaric aciduria type I. An optimization of diagnostic as well as therapeutic procedures must be achieved before screening for glutaric aciduria type I can be regarded as reliable and beneficial for all patients.
An empirical Bayes approach to adaptive control

Abstract An approach to stochastic control with unknown signal parameter is studied. No a priori distribution of the parameter is assumed, although an a priori probability is considered to exist. It is shown that the observations on the signal in the course of the process may be used to obtain an “Asymptotic Optimal” empirical Bayes rule which will be close to the optimal Bayes rule obtainable when the a priori distribution is known beforehand.
Study of UV Cure Kinetics Resulting from a Changing Concentration of Mobile and Trapped Radicals

UV cure kinetics of the system bisphenol A dimethacrylate and a phenylphosphine oxide initiator are studied as a function of incident intensity (I) and initiator concentration (PI). The rate of polymerization, d(ln[M(t)])/dt, is found to be proportional to the intensity and initiator concentration raised to an exponential power of approximately 0.7 rather than the classical value of 0.5. The system does not obey classical steady-state kinetics but rather the rate of the reaction reaches a maximum shortly after gel and then decreases rapidly well before the reaction is quenched during the glass transition. These nonclassical results are proposed to be due to the coexistence of a varying ratio of the traditional bimolecular kinetics and a unimolecular trapped radical termination process due to the changing spatial/ dynamic heterogeneity arising from microgel formation in these systems. A model which focuses on the changing concentration of mobile active radicals is proposed. It uses four fitting parameters to describe changes in the total number of radicals minus the number of trapped immobile radicals. The model assumes a constant propagation rate constant, kp, as is generally assumed in traditional crosslinking reactions up to the reaction quench in the final stage of the cure. The model is similar in mathematical form to a more complex multiparameter free volume molecular approach in which both kp, kt, and a trapping rate constant change with reaction advancement. Our model is based on the changing mobile radical concentration, which reflects the changes in the spatial heterogeneity of these systems due to the formation of microgels at the beginning of the reaction. It predicts the initial rapid buildup of the total radical concentration to a constant value and then the existence of an increasing proportion of trapped radicals up to reaction quenching in the glass transition. It accurately describes the UV cure kinetics at varying incident intensities and varying initiator concentrations and its predictions of the changes in the total and trapped radical concentrations are similar to ESR measurements on other systems.
Water Resistance of Neoprene

Abstract Superior water resistance of well-cured Neoprene, like that of natural rubber, depends upon the absence of water-soluble ingredients and agents that are capable of absorbing water. It has been shown that the water resistance of Neoprene varies greatly with different activating agents. This paper includes a more detailed study of the water absorption of Neoprene—magnesia—zinc oxide compounds and describes certain loaded stocks with improved water resistance. The water absorption was determined by the method already outlined, using slabs 0.20 cm. thick. Calculation of Water Absorption The water absorption can be calculated from the increase in weight or from the increase in volume of a stock during immersion in water. A difference between these values is an indication of chemically combined water. This is based upon the assumption that water undergoes no significant change in volume during absorption but that there is a change in volume during a chemical reaction. The two methods of calculating the...
A Ring Associated with a Near-Ring

LetNbe a right near-ring with identity such that (N, +) is abelian. BecauseNenjoys the right distributive property, every right multiplication map onNis an endomorphism of (N, +). The set of all right multiplication maps onNgenerates a ring R, a subring of the ring End(N). The structure of R is investigated whenNis a finite simple near-ring and whenNis a finite centralizer near-ring.
Secondary nuclear reactions of 11.5 GeV protons on uranium: A search for the production of transcurium actinide elements

Abstract A search was made for transcurium actinide elements produced by bombardment of uranium with 11.5 GeV protons. Such products might be formed if fragments of Z > 4 are emitted in the primary interaction with sufficient energy to induce secondary reactions of the heavy-ion type in nearby nuclei in the target matrix. Of particular interest is the possibility of forming products of high neutron-to-proton ratio not easily produced with the stable species presently available as projectiles in heavy-ion accelerators. The feasibility of such studies was examined by searching for known and easily identifiable products, utilizing neutron, γ -ray, α -particle and spontaneous-fission counting techniques. Upper limits to the production cross section of 254 Fm and 256 Fm were set at 1.8 × 10 −8 and 3.6 × 10 −10 b, respectively.
The Natures of Maps: Cartographic Constructions of the Natural World. By Denis Wood and John Fels.

(2010). The Natures of Maps: Cartographic Constructions of the Natural World. By Denis Wood and John Fels. Geographical Review: Vol. 100, No. 3, pp. 433-435.
Perioperative strategies and thrombophilia in children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction undergoing the meso-Rex bypass.

Background/Purpose Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) is an important cause of chronic portal hypertension in children. Although usually idiopathic in etiology, genetic and acquired thrombophilia have been implicated in EHPVO. Meso-Rex bypass is increasingly used to treat EHPVO in children.
Thromboembolism with the intracaval umbrella.

Abstract The recent introduction of an intracaval umbrella for prevention of pulmonary emboli has been followed by favorable comments concerning its efficacy. We report a patient who developed serious thromboembolism following umbrella insertion associated with thrombus on both the inferior and superior surfaces of the prosthesis. There is reason to suspect that potential clotting may be a significant drawback to this technique.
Experimental control of a native predator may improve breeding success of a threatened seabird in the California Channel Islands

Abstract Predation by native deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus elusus ) is considered the greatest threat to nest success of Xantus’s Murrelet ( Synthliboramphus hypoleucus scrippsi ), a small, crevice-nesting seabird, on Santa Barbara Island, where about half of the known US population breeds. Reduction of mouse predation has been proposed as one way to increase reproductive success on Santa Barbara Island, California. Between February and June 2004, approximately 1650 mice were translocated from the largest and most consistently monitored murrelet colony on the island, reducing mouse population density significantly relative to a control site. During the translocation period, significantly fewer eggs were preyed upon by mice (20.5%) than the average (36.7%) between 1993 and 2005, excluding 2004. Productivity in 2004 (1.11 eggs hatched nest −1 ) was also significantly higher than the 12-year average (0.93 eggs hatched nest −1 ). More eggs were laid and hatched in 2004 than in most previous years, but overall, hatching success was not markedly higher, in part because other reasons for nest failure, e.g., abandonment, egg mortality, were important in 2004. Although local mouse removals may effectively reduce egg predation on a limited scale, particularly during periods when risk may be higher because alternative prey for mice are scarce, island-wide eradication of mice is not practical or desirable here because of the mouse’s endemic status. Because a combination of other terrestrial and at-sea factors are known to influence population viability of Xantus’s Murrelet, conservation strategies that incorporate intensive efforts both on land and at sea will likely be the most effective.