cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recruitment feasibility and HIV prevention intervention acceptability among rural north Florida blacks.

Problem: There has been limited HIV prevention intervention among Southeastern rural Blacks residing in Florida. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS among this population increasingly supports the need for HIV prevention intervention. Methods: The primary focus of this article is the process and outcome evaluations of the feasibility of recruiting rural Blacks to accept and participate in HIV prevention intervention and HIV testing and return for their test results. The interventions¹ were conducted over a 5-month period. Findings: One hundred rural residents participated in the HIV prevention intervention, which was well received except for completing the preintervention and postintervention surveys. Thirty-nine percent of the adult participants consented to OraSure HIV testing, and 75% of those tested returned for their results. Conclusion: Community-based HIV prevention intervention, including condom demonstration, can successfully be conducted with rural populations. Rural Blacks will participate in HIV testin...
Cholic acid in guinea pig bile.

SummaryCholic (3α, 7α, 12α-trihydroxycholanic) acid has been isolated from the guinea pig bile obtained from gall bladders as well as by biliary fistulae. However, this bile acid was found only in the bile of adult and not of immature guinea pigs. The other 2 bile acids isolated, chenodeoxycholic (3α, 7α-dihydroxycholanic) and 7-ketolithocholic (3α-hydroxy, 7-ketocholanic) acid, occurred in both immature and mature guinea pigs.
Abstract C5: Role of ID4 in the development of prostate in mouse

Introduction: The helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of transcriptional regulatory proteins are key players in a wide array of developmental processes. Studies in mice have convincingly demonstrated that HLH proteins are intimately involved in developmental events such as cellular differentiation and proliferation. The Id1, Id2, Id3 and Id4 gene products are closely related in their HLH regions and show similar affinities for the various E proteins but differ in their expression patterns. The function of Id proteins has recently been addressed by using a gene targeting approach in mice. Previous studies showed that Id1 null mutant mice do not exhibit abnormalities whereas reports from Id4−/− mice, found that Id4 is required for normal brain size, and regulates lateral expansion of the proliferative zone in the developing cortex and hippocampus. We have recently shown that Id4 is highly expressed in the normal human prostate, whereas its expression is epigenetically silenced in prostate cancer. However its role in normal prostate development and function is not known. Here, we demonstrate a role of Id4 in prostate development, by immunohistochemical techniques in Id4−/− mice. Experimental procedures: To investigate the precise role of Id4 in cellular proliferation and development, normal H&E staining is performed on wild type and Id4−/− mouse prostate tissue. Expression of Id1, AR (Androgen receptor) and NKX3.1 on wild type and Id4−/− mouse prostate tissue was assessed by Immunohistochemistry. Results: There was no change in expression of Id1 in wild type and Id4−/− mouse prostate. Androgen receptor and NKX3.1 expression in wild type mouse was mostly nuclear but there is no expression was observed in Id4−/− mouse prostate tissue. H&E staining of wild type and Id4−/− mouse prostate indicated a significant difference in the cellular morphology of Id4−/− mouse prostate tissue as compared to the wild type mouse prostate. In addition to cellular morphological changes, the size of androgen dependent reproductive tract organs such as seminal vesicle and prostate were significantly smaller in Id4−/− as compared to heterozygous and wild type mouse. Conclusions: These results suggest a severe defect in androgen response pathway and support the role of Id4 in prostate development. Difference in the size of seminal vesicles and prostate in Id4−/− mouse shows the physiological role of Id4 in androgen target organs. Size difference could be due to lack of translocation of AR to nuclei however exact molecular mechanism remains to be investigated. Acknowledgement: The research was supported by NIH/NCI-RO1CA128914 and in part by NIH/NCRR/RCMI G12RR03062. Citation Format: Pankaj Sharma, Peri Nagappan, Mark A. Israel, Jaideep Chaudhary. Role of ID4 in the development of prostate in mouse [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C5.
Heterojunctions of model CdTe/CdSe mixtures

We report on the strain behavior of compound mixtures of model group II-VI semiconductors. We use the Stillinger-Weber Hamiltonian that we recently introduced, specifically developed to model binary mixtures of group II-VI compounds such as CdTe and CdSe. We also employ molecular dynamics simulations to examine the behavior of thin sheets of material, bilayers of CdTe and CdSe. The lattice mismatch between the two compounds leads to a strong bending of the entire sheet, with about a 0.5 to 1° deflection between neighboring planes. To further analyze bilayer bending, we introduce a simple one-dimensional model and use energy minimization to find the angle of deflection. The analysis is equivalent to a least-squares straight line fit. We consider the effects of bilayers which are asymmetric with respect to the thickness of the CdTe and CdSe parts. We thus learn that the bending can be subdivided into four kinds depending on the compressive/tensile nature of each outer plane of the sheet. We use this approach to directly compare our findings with experimental results on the bending of CdTe/CdSe rods. To reduce the effects of the lattice mismatch we explore diffuse interfaces, where we mix (i.e. alloy) Te and Se, and estimate themore » strain response.« less
Fallacies in two objections to Kant's first defense of the duty of beneficence in the Grundlegung

The two best known objections to Kant's first defense of the duty of beneficence are examined and found to be fallacious. The first objection relies on the possibility of imagining an individual who would be willing for the maxim of nonbeneficence to be a universal law (but it fails to recognize that such an individual is not a rational person and thus not subject to morality at all); and the second objection, while granting the nonuniversalizability of the maxim of nonbeneficence, puts forth the maxim of “occasional” benefit in place of the maxim of beneficence as an alternative to the maxim of nonbeneficence (but it fails to recognize that the maxim of “occasional” benefit is disqualified by Kant's first moral principle).
P-646 - Using institutional ethnography to explore community treatment orders

There is considerable debate concerning the use of Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in mental health practice. CTOs mandate individuals with mental illness to engage in community treatment (e.g. medication or other therapy) against their will (CMHA, 1998). The purpose of this presentation is to present the preliminary findings of a study using Institutional Ethnography (IE) that is exploring the consideration and implementation of CTOs in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Interestingly, this province has CTO implementation rates that are far less than the Canadian average. Using IE offers the potential to elucidate the everyday work/life experiences occurring within an institution and to show how they are influenced by institutional social structures and discourses known as ruling relations (Smith, 2005). Participants in this study include clients, family members, and health professionals who have experience with the consideration or use of CTOs in mental health settings. Data collected through interviews and review of institutional documents are examined for evidence of the social web of influence that governs everyday actions. These social and ruling relations are mapped in accordance to their relationship to and influence over one another. The results obtained are of considerable interest to practitioners, advocacy groups, families, and individuals with mental health concerns. In bringing these social patterns and structures to light, there is hope that the resulting awareness will foster a greater willingness for individuals involved with CTOs and the mental health system to engage with one another on a more meaningful level.
A d-amino acid containing peptide as a potent, noncovalent inhibitor of α5β1 integrin in human prostate cancer invasion and lung colonization

Primary tumors often give rise to disseminated tumor cells (DTC's), which acquire full malignancy after invading distant site(s). Thus, DTC's may be a productive target for preventing prostate cancer metastasis progression. Our prior research showed that PHSCN peptide (Ac-PHSCN-NH2) targets activated α5β1 integrin to prevent invasion and metastasis in preclinical adenocarcinoma models, and disease progression in Phase I clinical trial. Here, we report that D-stereoisomer replacement of histidine and cysteine in PHSCN produces a highly potent derivative, Ac-PhScN-NH2 (PhScN). PhScN was 27,000- to 150,000-fold more potent as an inhibitor of basement membrane invasion by DU 145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. A large increase in invasion-inhibitory potency occurred after covalent modification of the sulfhydryl group in PHSCN to prevent disulfide bond formation; while the potency of covalently modified PhScN was not significantly increased. Thus PhScN and PHSCN invasion inhibition occurs by a noncovalent mechanism. These peptides also displayed similar cell surface binding dissociation constants (Kd), and competed for the same site. Consistent with its increased invasion-inhibitory potency, PhScN was also a highly potent inhibitor of lung extravasation and colonization in athymic nude mice: it was several hundred- or several thousand-fold more potent than PHSCN at blocking extravasation by PC-3 or DU 145 cells, and 111,000- or 379,000-fold more potent at inhibiting lung colonization, respectively. Furthermore, systemic 5 mg/kg PhScN monotherapy was sufficient to cause complete regression of established, intramuscular DU 145 tumors. PhScN thus represents a potent new family of therapeutic agents targeting metastasis by DTC's to prevent parallel progression in prostate cancer.
Electron-diffraction study of rubidium-intercalated graphite

Using an analytical scanning transmission electron microscope we monitored the in-plane structure of rubidium-intercalated graphite as it underwent the deintercalation process. Starting with a saturated, stage-1 sample and using a temperature-controlled sample stage to control the desorption process, we allowed the graphite to deintercalate over a period of many days. This created a series of unannealed structures of progressively higher stage number. The experiment encompassed a regime in which the dominant factor in determining the intercalant in-plane distribution changed from host-intercalant to intercalant-intercalant interactions. High-resolution electron diffraction techniques were used to follow the in-plane superlattice structure of the intercalant. Ordered commensurate superlattices were observed which were stable over the entire temperature range observed (79--300 K) . In addition, an amorphous phase was observed which underwent a phase transition to an incommensurate square array. Both commensurate and incommensurate transition structures were observed during the transition period. The incommensurate structure was not affected by temperature and does not match the general lattice parameters for incommen- surate lattices which have been previously reported in the alkali-metal-intercalated graphite compounds.
Thermal structure of the temperate latitude ionosphere

Abstract The paper reviews previous theoretical attempts to explain the altitude variation of electron and ion temperature in the ionosphere at temperate latitudes. New model calculations are then presented, which include all known important physical processes with the possible exception of ion conduction. The relative importance of the solar u.v. heat input and heat conducted from the protonosphere in controlling the electron temperature profile is investigated by varying these two parameters. Attempts are then made to match published electron temperature profiles obtained at Millstone Hill (Massachusetts, U.S.A.) in 1964 and St. Santin (France) in 1966. In this work the observed electron density profile is employed in the calculations and appropriate neutral densities and temperatures were taken from the Harris and Priester (1962) atmosphere models. Fairly good agreement can be obtained for the Millstone results when the solar u.v. heat input is reduced to about one third the value estimated by Dalgarno et al. (1963) , and when the protonospheric heat flux is raised to ∼5 × 109 eV/cm2/sec, i.e., an order of magnitude higher than some earlier estimates ( Geisler and Bowhill , 1965b) .
Existence of solutions for a class of weakly coupled semilinear elliptic systems

On etudie l'existence des solutions de problemes aux limites pour des systemes elliptiques semi-lineaires
Interacting above and beyond the Display [Guest editorial]

Advances in sensing technology are poised to spark the next shift in human-computer interaction, liberating users from the 2D plane of interaction currently supported by the mouse and touchscreen. New sensors can read users' shape and motion as they move about in three dimensions. What signal-processing algorithms and interaction models are appropriate for this mode of interaction above and beyond the screen? How can we use the more detailed, nuanced information made available by new sensors to enable more expressive interfaces, going beyond what a mouse can do but preserving its familiar predictability? The five articles in this issue deal with these questions, covering the spectrum from specialized sensing hardware to high-level interaction models, across multiple physical scales and applications.
Two-stage stochastic optimization problems with stochastic ordering constraints on the recourse

Abstract We consider two-stage risk-averse stochastic optimization problems with a stochastic ordering constraint on the recourse function. Two new characterizations of the increasing convex order relation are provided. They are based on conditional expectations and on integrated quantile functions: a counterpart of the Lorenz function. We propose two decomposition methods to solve the problems and prove their convergence. Our methods exploit the decomposition structure of the risk-neutral two-stage problems and construct successive approximations of the stochastic ordering constraints. Numerical results confirm the efficiency of the methods.
Preparation of pancreatic mRNA: cell-free translation of an insulin-immunoreactive polypeptide.

Abstract Total nucleic acid extraction and selection of poly A-containing molecules yield preparative quantities of undegraded mRNA from adult and fetal pancreas. Using a stringent immunoassay, this mRNA is found to direct the synthesis of an immunoreactive insulin polypeptide in the wheat germ translation system. On sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, this polypeptide (12,000-13,000 daltons) is larger than proinsulin (9,000 daltons).
Monitoring kinetic processes in polymer solutions with time dependent static light scattering (TDSLS)

An overview of recent developments in TDSLS and auxiliary techniques is given. This includes background theory, and examples of results and applications for online monitoring of polymerization reactions, kinetics and structural determinations from degrading polymers, aggregation, and dissolution of dry polymer powders. Also, automatic dilution techniques allow for continuous characterization of the equilibrium states of multi-component solutions. Illustrations are given for the case where the change in polyelectrolyte dimensions, interactions and hydrodynamics can be probed.
Automatic extraction of upper human body in single images

Extraction of the human body in single, unconstrained, monocular images is a very difficult task. Localization and extraction of the body region, however, provides important and useful knowledge that can facilitate many other tasks, such as gesture recognition, pose estimation and action recognition. In this paper we present a simple appearance-based methodology that combines face detection, skin detection, image segmentation and anthropometric constraints to efficiently estimate the position and regions of hands in images. It requires no training neither explicit estimation of the human pose. Experimental results in a difficult dataset illustrate the performance of the approach.
Visualizing structure in earthquake data

Our goal is to visualize the shape and structure in a data set of earthquake hypocenters collected from the island of Hawaii over a twenty-three year period. The earthquakes provide information about the magma system in this region and define a collection of conduits and reservoirs around the active volcanos. Because the data is scattered, traditional visualization methods are difficult to use (without interpolation). In this paper, we present some preliminary efforts to extract and define the structures within the data set.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Improving Area-Selective Molecular Layer Deposition by Selective SAM Removal

Area selective molecular layer deposition (MLD) is a promising technique for achieving micro- or nanoscale patterned organic structures. However, this technique still faces challenges in attaining high selectivity, especially at large MLD cycle numbers. Here, we illustrate a new strategy for achieving high quality patterns in selective film deposition on patterned Cu/Si substrates. We employed the intrinsically selective adsorption of an octadecylphosphonic acid self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Cu over Si surfaces to selectively create a resist layer only on Cu. MLD was then performed on the patterns to deposit organic films predominantly on the Si surface, with only small amounts growing on the Cu regions. A negative potential bias was subsequently applied to the pattern to selectively desorb the layer of SAMs electrochemically from the Cu surface while preserving the MLD films on Si. Selectivity could be enhanced up to 30-fold after this treatment.
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease in the rat

Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease in the rat. Kaspareit-Rittinghausen described a rodent model of inherited polycystic kidney disease (PKD), the Han:SPRD rat [1, 2], in which heterozygotes develop renal cysts and renal failure (in males) over several months, whereas homozygous animals develop rapidly progressive renal enlargement that leads to death in a few weeks. In this study, we examined selected elements of the pathogenesis of this disease in heterozygotes and homozygotes from birth to advanced disease. Heterozygous male rats developed slowly progressive renal cystic disease with interstitial fibrosis and azotemia seen by six months of age. Female heterozygotes developed slowly progressive renal cystic disease, but did not develop interstitial fibrosis or azotemia. Epithelial cells lining cyst cavities showed various degrees of morphologic immaturity. Cyst walls also developed basement membrane thickening, especially in areas of cellular immaturity, suggesting an interrelationship between this basement membrane thickening and cellular dedifferentiation. Thickened basement membranes were associated with increased immunoreactivity for type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. Homozygous rats developed massive renal enlargement, marked azotemia, and died near three weeks of age. Renal c- myc proto-oncogene expression was elevated in homozygous cystic infants and in adult heterozygotes. In situ hybridization showed high levels of c- myc mRNA in cyst epithelia, suggesting abnormal regulation of cellular proliferation in the cells lining cysts, as seen in other models of PKD. The Han:SPRD rat is the only well-documented animal model of inherited PKD with an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern and appears to have several features which resemble human ADPKD.
Effect of betamethasone on maternal, fetal and neonatal rat cellular immunity

Abstract Objective: We evaluated the effect of maternal administration of betamethasone (0.2 mg/kg per day) on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by maternal, fetal, and neonatal rat splenic lymphocytes. Study Design: Betamethasone was injected intramuscularly on days 19 and 20 of gestation to timed-pregnant rats (Sprague-Dawley). Fetuses were delivered on day 21 of gestation, or allowed to deliver spontaneously at term (22 days), followed by sacrifice at various intervals after birth. Lymphocyte proliferation was determined by 3 H-thymidine incorporation with and without phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and IL-2 by proliferation of IL-2 dependent CTLL-2 cells. Results: Maternal lymphocytes had higher spontaneous proliferation than lymphocytes from nonpregnant female rats. Betamethasone use resulted in a decrease in PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production by maternal lymphocytes. These effects were observed until 4 days after delivery. Significant decreases in these parameters were also seen in 21-day fetuses of betamethasone-treated mothers. These effects were still present 6 days after birth but not at 12 days of age. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, in the rat, exposure to betamethasone during late pregnancy results in marked, but transient decreases in PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production in both the mothers and their offspring.
Daylight visual effects: an interactive multimedia courseware prototype for beginning design students

Beginning design students often find that it is difficult to master the varied and complex issues of architectural daylighting within a short timescale. Daylight is very dynamic and difficult to capture, and students struggle to document and understand daylighting phenomena through the traditional approaches of physical modeling, graphic techniques and computations. However, computer graphics and multimedia technologies are becoming widely used in educational applications and can facilitate non-linear, interactive learning environments particularly suited to complex concepts.An interactive multimedia courseware prototype, Daylight Visual Effects (DVE), has been designed to provide a demonstration database and easy-to-use interface for beginning design students. Users gain or enhance knowledge about the visual effects of daylighting by reviewing relevant daylighting images, written information animations and 3D computer models in the DVE's database. A live demonstration of the DVE prototype will follow this brief discussion of its inception, development, effectiveness in the studio and potential for future modifications.
Abstract 2197: EpithelialMig-6is critical for a tumor suppressor function in endometrial cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Normal endometrial function requires a balance of progesterone (P4) and estrogen (E2) action. A bias toward E2 action and away from P4 action underlies the tumorigenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma which is the fourth most common cancer in women. In previous studies, we have identified mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) as a downstream target of PR (progesterone receptor) action in the uterus. Mig-6 is expressed in both the epithelium and stroma of the uterus. Conditional ablation of Mig-6 in all compartments of the uterus (PRcre/+ Mig-6f/f) results in infertility and leads to the development of endometrial hyperplasia and estrogen-induced endometrial cancer. Our central hypothesis is that Mig-6 is a critical mediator of stromal-epithelial communication in pregnancy, steroid hormone regulation and tumor suppressor function. In order to understand the role of epithelial Mig-6 in the uterus, we generated a mouse model in which we specifically ablate epithelial endometrial Mig-6 using Wnt7a-cre mice (Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f). Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice are subfertile due to embryo abortion and display normal P4 attenuation of E2-mediated uterine hypertrophy. However, Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice develop endometrial hyperplasia at 5 months of age as well as estrogen-induced endometrial cancer. The expression of PR is reduced in Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice compared to control Mig-6f/f mice. Interestingly, the hyperplasia exhibited by the Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice is reversed by P4 treatment, contrary to what is observed in PRcre/+ Mig-6f/f mice. Also, the expression of ERα, as well as its target genes Muc-1, Clca3, Ltf and Birc1, is significantly decreased in the Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice as compared to the control and PRcre/+ Mig-6f/f after P4 treatment. Concurrently, stromal Mig-6 expression is significantly increased in Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice indicating that P4-induced stromal Mig-6 can reverse the hyperplasia seen in the Wnt7acre+ Mig-6f/f mice by regulating ERα expression level. These data suggest that epithelial Mig-6 plays an important tumor suppressor role during tumorigenesis in the uterus. (Supported by NIH, R01 HD057873) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2197. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2197
Volume changes for mixing the major sea salts: Equations valid to ionic strength 3.0 and temperature 95°C

Equations in the ion-interaction (Pitzer) system are derived for the volume change on mixing any combination of the sea salts NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4, MgCl2 at constant ionic strenth. For these mixings of different charge types, the equations include complex differences of pure electrolyte terms. Recently measured data for each of the pure electrolytes provide these pure electrolyte terms. Other recent measurements on the volume change on mixing are compared with values calculated from the equations. At 25°C there is no need to introduce the mixing terms based on differences in the interactions of ions of the same sign. At other temperatures, the agreement without the mixing terms is good, but significant improvement is obtained by inclusion of the binary mixing terms θCl,SO 4 v and θ Na,Mg v . The equations and parameters can then predict the volumetric properties of any mixed solution of these salts over the range 0–100°C and to at least 3 mol-kg−1 ionic strength.
Investor partitioning of the components of value in corporate earnings announcements

Abstract This study provides new insight into the market’s allocation of dividend-related and capital gains-based returns on common stock around earnings announcement surprises. To the extent that investors’ cash flow forecasts are revised as earnings surprises occur, Americus Trust prime and score returns reflect changes in respective future dividends and capital gains. About 70% of the value gain from positive surprises accrues in the capital gains (score) value adjustment, with expected dividends (primes) reflecting the remaining 30%. The relative proportion is greater in magnitude at the announcement of fiscal fourth quarter results when dividend changes are more likely to follow the quarter earnings announcement.
Analysis of 1/f noise in CMOS APS

As CMOS technology scales, the effect of 1/f noise on low frequency analog circuits such as CMOS image sensors becomes more pronounced, and therefore must be more accurately estimated. analysis of 1/f noise is typically performed in the frequency domain even though the process is nonstationary. To find out if the frequency domain analysis produces acceptable results, the paper introduces a time domain method based on a nonstationary extension of a recently developed, and generally agreed upon physical model for 1/f noise in MOS transistors. The time domain method is used to analyze the effect of 1/f noise due to pixel level transistors in a CMOS APS. The results show that the frequency domain results can be quite inaccurate especially in estimating the 1/f noise effect of the reset transistor. It is also shown that CDS does not in general reduce the effect of the 1/f noise.
The COPII cage sharpens its image

Self-assembly of the COPII coat proteins Sec13 and Sec31 creates a spherical cage that drives vesicle formation from the endoplasmic reticulum. A multipronged approach now provides a convincing pseudoatomic model of the assembled cage that sharpens our understanding of the architecture, contact sites and flexibility of this remarkable structure.
Wigner Representation of Quantum Operators and Its Applications to Electrons in a Magnetic Field

The Wigner representation F s ( p , q ) of a quantum operator F ( p , q ) is defined by F s ( p , q )\({=}h\Tr\) F ( p , q ) Δ ( p - p , q - q ) where Δ is a quantum analogue of a delta function in the phase space. This gives in particular the Wigner distribution function for a density operator. Basic theorems are summarized for the computation rules for quantummechanical operators in the Wigner representation. This is applied, in particular, to electrons in a magnetic field, for which a Wigner d. f. is introduced to describe the distribution of physical momenta \(\vec{\pi}{=}m\vec{v}\), \(\vec{v}\) being the velocity, and the position x . This description has the advantage to avoid the use of a vector potential and so to be gauge-independent. As examples of application, the diamagnetism and the Hall effect are briefly treated. Further applications of this treatment will be published later.
Laminin stimulates and guides axonal outgrowth via growth cone myosin II activity.

Guidance cues and signal transduction mechanisms acting at the nerve growth cone are fairly well understood, but the intracellular mechanisms operating to change the direction of axon outgrowth remain unknown. We now show that growth cones integrate myosin II–dependent contraction for rapid, coordinated turning at borders of laminin stripes in response to signals from laminin-activated integrin receptors; in the absence of myosin II activity, outgrowth continues across the borders.
Pain-sensitive temperament and postoperative pain.

PURPOSE. To describe the relationship between pain-sensitive temperament and self-report of pain intensity following surgery. DESIGN AND METHODS. Fifty-nine adolescents and young adults (average age 14 years) undergoing spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis completed the Sensitivity Temperament Inventory for Pain–Child version (STIP-C). The Pearson correlation between STIP-C scores and the highest pain intensity for each of the first three postoperative days was investigated. RESULTS. There was a small but significant correlation between the Perceptual Sensitivity and Symptom Reporting subscales of the STIP-C and pain intensity measured on the third postoperative day. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Aspects of the pain-sensitive temperament may be important in understanding the variability in postoperative pain. This is the first investigation of the relationship between pain-sensitive temperament and surgical pain. More research is needed in this area.
Strength in the face of adversity: Resilience strategies of transgender individuals.

This phenomenological inquiry explored the lived experiences of resilience of 21 transgender individuals. Through individual semistructured interviews (3 interviews each with 5 participants) and 1 focus group interview (16 participants), the authors identified 5 common resiliency themes (evolving a self-generated definition of self, embracing self-worth, awareness of oppression, connection with a supportive community, and cultivating hope for the future) and 2 variant themes (social activism and being a positive role model for others). Future practice and research directions are discussed.
Weak Skyrmions and sphalerons

Recently proposed Skyrmion-like ansatze solve the field equations of the gauged non-linear sigma model. However, they are not classical solutions of the Weinberg-Salam model with finite Higgs coupling constant λ, where the only spherically symmetric solution is the hedgehog sphaleron.
What do NMR linewidths tell us? Dynamics of alkali cations in a PEO-based nanocomposite polymer electrolyte

Abstract Intercalation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) into montmorillonite results in a nanocomposite polymer electrolyte potentially useful for solid state secondary batteries. We have used solid state NMR to probe cation dynamics on the timescales relevant to spatial diffusional motion of Li + , Na + , Rb + and Cs + in these nanocomposites. Cation dynamics is correlated to the charge-carrying capacity of the material as an electrolyte. Unlike linewidth-narrowing studies on more traditional solid polymer electrolytes, in our systems the largest source of dipolar fields arise primarily from paramagnetic impurities fixed in the silicate lattice.
Evaluation of airplane spin resistance using proposed criteria for light general aviation airplanes

Proposed criteria to describe desirable characteristics of a spin-resistant airplane are reviewed. Flight tests of two representative light airplanes to evaluate compliance with the criteria are also presented. The baseline airplane configurations would not meet the spin resistance criteria. Tests of the airplanes with a wing leading edge modification to enhance spin resistance showed compliance with the proposed criteria. The tests demonstrated the usefulness of the criteria when the criteria are applied in the manner described.
Dual-use applications of laser remote sensing to the military battlefield and environmental monitoring

For the past 20 years, the Department of Defense has sponsored investigations and studies on the use of laser remote sensing techniques and light detection and ranging (lidar) methods for the detection, identification, and tracking of toxic and hazardous battlefield materials. The same lidar methods used by NASA, EPA, and several industry research groups to detect and measure the movement and concentration of air pollution near urban centers have been applied to the national security problem of detecting chemical and biological warfare agents that might be used on the modern battlefield. Significant government investment in the technology base and laser technology has resulted in advanced hardware configurations that are now available for demonstration and evaluation for industrial and environmental monitoring.
Rapid spectrophotometric assays for snake venom L-amino acid oxidase based on the oxidation of L-kynurenine or 3,4-dehydro-L-proline.

Spectrophotometric assays for snake venom l-amino acid oxidase have been developed based on the conversion of l-kynurenine (I) to kynurenic acid (III) and of 3,4-dehydro-l-proline (IV) to pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (VI).
Calculation of kinetic curves for the helix-coil transition of polypeptides.

Methods for calculating the rate of cooperative transitions on a linear lattice, for which the helix–coil transition of polypeptides is an example, are reported. The problem is to determine the kinetic characteristics of the transition given the rate constants for a set of elementary steps: in this case, the transformations of individual segments between the helix and coil states. The most straightforward method is to store the state of a long lattice (in which helix and coil segments are represented by 1′s and 0′s) in a computer and to use random-number techniques to generate its behavior as a function of time. This is, in principle, a solution to the problem, but it requires very large amounts of computer time. We have devised a matrix iteration procedure which allows much faster computation while reproducing the results of the random-number method accurately. In this procedure the computer operates repeatedly with a transition probability matrix on a vector which represents the time-dependent state of a finite group of units. The choice of a finite group neglects kinetic correlations between the state changes of units inside and outside the group, but comparison with the random-number method indicates that these correlations are not important. Thus it is possible to generate the kinetic behavior of the model under essentially any conditions, for either relaxation or large perturbations. Examination of these calculated curves suggests a simple and quite generally applicable solution to the inverse problem—that of evaluating the rate constants from kinetic curves. The initial slope is well defined in almost every case, and since an analytic equation can be written relating this to the rate constants, these can be obtained directly from the initial rate. This latter is therefore the most convenient single measure of transition rate.
Distinguishing adenoid cystic carcinoma from cylindromatous adenomas in salivary fine-needle aspirates: the cytologic clues and their ultrastructural basis.

The utilization of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in salivary tumors is hindered by the reluctance of many cytopathologists to report adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) because its cylindromatous stroma is observed occasionally in pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and basal cell adenoma (BA), and a diagnosis of ACC results in radical surgery. The aim of this study is to identify dependable features to distinguish the look-alike entities and illustrate their ultrastructural base. We compared 20 cases of ACC to 15 cases of cylindromatous PA and 9 cases of BA. All were direct smears stained with Diff-Quik, hematoxylin and eosin, Papanicolaou, or Ultrafast Papanicolaou (UFP) stain. In addition to the presence of cylindromatous pattern, the amount of cytoplasm in the neoplastic cells and nuclear features were compared. Tissue was dissected from paraffin blocks and processed for electron microscopy in selected cases. The difference in nuclear features can be distinguished in UFP-stained smears and electron microscopy. The nuclei of ACCs were heterochromatic with coarse chromatin and irregular nucleoli, whereas the nuclei of PAs were euchromatic with fine chromatin and small compact nucleoli. The nuclei of BAs were hyperchromatic but finely textured. The cytoplasm of PAs was detectable with every stain at 40× objective, but the cytoplasm of BAs required UFP stain and 100× objective to be detected. The cytoplasm of majority of neoplastic cells of ACCs are invisible, because the thin rim of cytoplasm measured <1 μm ultrastructurally, well beyond the resolution of a light microscope. Rare cohesive fragment of epithelial cells in ACC have scanty blue cytoplasm in UFP stain and can be recognized as ductal cells. In conclusion, in our analysis of salivary tumors with a cylindromatous pattern, the seemingly naked nuclei of neoplastic cells with their coarse nuclear chromatin and irregular nucleoli, as revealed by the UFP stain, reliably distinguished ACC from cylindromatous adenomas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:284–288. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Groundwater flux, travel time, and radionuclide transport

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) provides the scientific and engineering bases for design and performance analyses of the waste package and other components of the engineered barrier system (EBS) for a potential repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The EBS is an important component of a multi-barrier system designed to isolate radioactive waste until it decays to the point that it is no longer radiologically hazardous to humans or other species. Its performance depends strongly upon the amount, chemical composition, and temperature of liquid water in the ``near field`` region immediately surrounding the waste packages. For this reason, much of LLNL`s Yucca Mountain research has been directed toward understanding flow, transport, and chemical processes in fractured rock under both preemplacement and post-emplacement conditions. Because the radioactive decay heat from a potential repository at Yucca Mountain would dominate the movement of water for thousands of years within the entire repository block and possibly even beyond, the spatial domain of our investigations ranges from the scale of individual fracture apertures (micrometers) to a few kilometers.
Green Fluorescent Protein Mutant as Label in Homogeneous Assays for Biomolecules

Abstract The green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its mutants have been extensively used to study various cellular processes and, more recently, as labels in binding assays. We have employed a mutant of GFP, an enhanced GFP (EGFP), in the development of homogeneous assays for biotin and cortisol. To demonstrate the feasibility of using EGFP as a label with different kinds of binders in the development of homogeneous assays, we employed the biotin–avidin and an antigen–antibody as the binding pairs. Biotin and cortisol were chemically conjugated to EGFP. A quenching of fluorescence intensity of EGFP was observed upon binding of avidin to the EGFP–biotin conjugate. The percentage fluorescence quenching observed decreased as the concentration of free biotin in the sample increased due to the fewer binding sites on avidin available for binding to the EGFP–biotin conjugate. A dose–response curve for biotin was generated by relating percentage fluorescence quenched with free biotin in the sample. To determine whether EGFP can undergo a similar type of homogeneous change when used as a label for antigen–antibody type of binding, cortisol was selected as a model analyte. In the presence of an anti-cortisol antibody the fluorescence signal of the EGFP–cortisol conjugate was quenched. A dose–response curve for cortisol was generated by relating the quenching in the fluorescence signal with varying amounts of free cortisol in the sample. This is the first time that GFP or one of its mutants has been employed as a label in homogeneous assays, thus enhancing the versatility of employing GFP or its mutants in a number of bioanalytical applications, such as clinical analysis and high-throughput screening systems.
Expression of T-lymphoblast-encoded HLA-DR antigens on human T-B lymphoblast hybrids.

The mode of expression of novel HLA-DR antigens on hybrids of human T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) was examined by several approaches. In each case, the results indicated that the novel antigens are T-LCL-encoded. First, hybrids of sublines of the T-LCL CEM with three different B-LCL express indistinguishable sets of novel HLA-DR antigens. Second, the novel HLA-DR and MT specificities of WI-L2 × HSB (a hybrid of a subline of the T-LCL HSB and the B-LCL WI-L2) match those of SB, a B-LCL derived from the same individual as HSB. Finally, an immunoselected variant of SB × CEM.1 (a hybrid of a subline of CEM and SB) lacking one copy of chromosome 6 and one of the hybrid's novel HLA-DR specificities also lacks a class I antigen known to be encoded by CEM.
Dissociative adsorption of alkanes on clean and sulfur-modified nickel surfaces

Recent studies of the dissociative adsorption of methane on clean Ni(111), Ni(100), Ni(110), and sulfur-modified Ni(100), as well as ethane, propane, and n-butane on Ni(100) have been carried out under the high incident flux conditions of 1.00 Torr methane, 0.10 Torr ethane, 0.01 Torr propane, and 0.001 Torr n-butane, respectively. It has been found that the activation energies for these processes range from 3.1±1.0 to 13.3±1.5 kcal mol−1. A comparison with the results of corresponding molecular beam studies suggests that the effects of vibrational energy on sticking probabilities must be accounted for and the sticking probabilities of molecules with very low normal kinetic energies must be accurately known when attempting to model high pressure processes using molecular beam techniques. While dissociation of ethane, propane, and n-butane on Ni(100) is believed to proceed primarily via a trapped molecular precursor, the results on sulfur-modified Ni(100) surface indicate that the “direct” channel to methane dissociation likely dominates and the contribution from the trapped molecular precursor mechanism is likely relatively small, with the sulfur atoms poisoning this reaction by a simple site blocking mechanism.
Intuitionistic mathematics does not needex falso quodlibet

We define a system IR of first-order intuitionistic relevant logic. We show that intuitionistic mathematics (on the assumption that it is consistent) can be relevantized, by virtue of the following metatheorem: any intuitionistic proof of A from a setX of premisses can be converted into a proof in IR of eitherA or absurdity from some subset ofX. Thus IR establishes the same inconsistencies and theorems as intuitionistic logic, and allows one to prove every intuitionistic consequence of any consistent set of premisses.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Mathematics Achievement, Estimation Skills, and Academic Self-Perception in Students of Varying Ability

This study investigated students' mathematics achievement, estimation ability, use of estimation strategies, and academic self-perception. Students with learning disabilities (LD), average achievers, and intellectually gifted students (N = 135) in fourth, sixth, and eighth grade participated in the study. They were assessed to determine their mathematics achievement, ability to estimate discrete quantities, knowledge and use of estimation strategies, and perception of academic competence. The results indicated that the students with LD performed significantly lower than their peers on the math achievement measures, as expected, but viewed themselves to be as academically competent as the average achievers did. Students with LD and average achievers scored significantly lower than gifted students on all estimation measures, but they differed significantly from one another only on the estimation strategy use measure. Interestingly, even gifted students did not seem to have a well-developed understanding of estimation and, like the other students, did poorly on the first estimation measure. The accuracy of their estimates seemed to improve, however, when students were asked open-ended questions about the strategies they used to arrive at their estimates. Although students with LD did not differ from average achievers in their estimation accuracy, they used significantly fewer effective estimation strategies. Implications for instruction are discussed.
The Eu−Y (Europium-Yttrium) system

No experimental data for the Eu-Y phase diagram were found. However, Miedema [76Mie], using Gschneidner's value [69Gsc] for the energy difference between divalent and trivalent Eu (96 J/mol), found his method would account for the known information on the valence state of Eu in intermetallic compounds. The application of his thermodynamic calculations to the Eu-Y alloy system predicted that no stable compounds exist in this system.
I already know your answer: using nonverbal behaviors to predict immediate outcomes in a dyadic negotiation

Be it in our workplace or with our family or friends, negotiation comprises a fundamental fabric of our everyday life, and it is apparent that a system that can automatically predict negotiation outcomes will have substantial implications. In this paper, we focus on finding nonverbal behaviors that are predictive of immediate outcomes (acceptances or rejections of proposals) in a dyadic negotiation. Looking at the nonverbal behaviors of the respondent alone would be inadequate since ample predictive information could also reside in the behaviors of the proposer, as well as the past history between the two parties. With this intuition in mind, we show that a more accurate prediction can be achieved by considering all the three sources (multimodal) of information together. We evaluate our approach on a face-to-face negotiation dataset consisting of 42 dyadic interactions and show that integrating all three sources of information outperforms each individual predictor.