cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid, portable detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals through ligand-nuclear hormone receptor interactions

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are structurally diverse compounds that can interact with nuclear hormone receptors, posing significant risk to human and ecological health. Unfortunately, many conventional biosensors have been too structure-specific, labor-intensive or laboratory-oriented to detect broad ranges of EDC effectively. Recently, several technological advances are providing more rapid, portable, and affordable detection of endocrine-disrupting activity through ligand-nuclear hormone receptor interactions. Here, we overview these recent advances applied to EDC biosensors - including cell lyophilization, cell immobilization, cell-free systems, smartphone-based signal detection, and improved competitive binding assays.
Practical skills and design: A maker course for ECE students

This paper describes a sophomore-level ECE course that bridges the gap between the maker movement and typical engineering design courses. This course incorporates the practical skills of fabrication, assembly, and hardware integration found in makerspaces but deepens the perspective from one of getting it to work to designing it to work well and efficiently. This paper discusses mastery-based education in practical skills, an open-ended student-defined design project, and a logistics model that incorporates support staff as partners in the course. The relationship between this course and an ECE-themed makerspace is also discussed.
The Renin System in High Blood Pressure, from Disbelief to Reality

Captopril is the newly developed orally active inhibitor of the enzyme that controls formation of the pressor hormone, angiotensin II, from its inactive precursor, angiotensin I. Based on previous experience with an intravenously given nonapeptide inhibitor, the compound was developed as a potential antihypertensive agent, and, as described in this volume, it has proven to be extremely potent. This treatment focuses once more on the renin-angiotensin system as a vital participant in sustaining the blood pressure of hypertensive patients.
Vacuum Pumping with Cryogenic Fluids

High pumping rate systems have been utilized for a number of years for simulating altitudes of 30 miles or less. The simulation of appreciably higher altitudes with high gas release rates is not practical unless new and improved pumping techniques are utilized, Studies of various techniques are being conducted in an effort to find better methods for space simulation, Pumping methods of interest are enumerated in Table I. Table I Pumping Methods 1. Mechanical displacement a. Rotary pumps b. Blowers 2. Momentum transfer a. Diffusion pumps b. Jet ejectors 3. Chemical or electric bond attachment a. Two-phase or cryogenic pumps b. Ion pumps c. Getters d. Combustion e. Adsorption 4. Matrix trapping a. Interment b. Absorption
Knowledge Based Approaches for Production Control an Assessment

With increased automation in the manufacturing process, planning and control of material flow in a factory is being performed by computer based systems. Control of the material flow involves responding to unanticipated events. In this paper, we review the major activities associated with the control process, and then evaluate current efforts to apply knowledge based techniques in performing them. Our assessment is that, while such efforts have met with some success in generating corrective responses, there still remains considerable room for the application of such techniques in the detection of exception conditions. Furthermore, under a hierarchical view of factory operations, knowledge based methods appear to provide a basis for aggregation/disaggregation of information necessary to detect exceptions and take corrective actions.
Methods for Evaluating the Return on R&D Investments

Research and development (R&D) in one of the most important investments that a technology-based organization makes. R&D is a fundamental input into the innovation process, and innovation is an important factor that influences productivity, productivity growth, and competitiveness. This causal relationship may seem obvious for the private sector firms, but it also applies to R&D-dependent public organizations that seek to improve their performance and that bestow positive externalities on the private sector.
Results of serial vestibular testing in unilateral Ménière's disease.

Objective To determine the prevalence and character of vestibular abnormalities and the changes in vestibular function that occur in unilateral Meniere's disease. Study design Retrospective case review. Setting Ambulatory patients at a tertiary care facility. Patients Entry criteria included a diagnosis of unilateral Meniere's disease and test results from at least two vestibular test sessions at the Johns Hopkins Otologic Vestibular Laboratory. One hundred twenty-two cases were evaluated. Main outcome measures Electronystagmographic evaluation, including caloric testing; audiometric tests; and medical records. Results Caloric weakness was demonstrated in 58% of patients on the involved side and in 19% on the normal side. Complete paralysis was found in 7%. Directional preponderance was seen in 33% of patients and completely normal scores in 27%. During the course of the disease, responses become weaker in 26% of patients and stronger in 11%. Of 39 patients tested more than twice, 26% showed both increases and decreases in caloric responses. After an acute attack, only one of eight patients showed a depressed response on the diseased side, and three showed an increased response. Spontaneous nystagmus, seen within 24 hours of an attack in 54 cases, was directed away from the diseased ear in only about one half of the cases. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was found in 44% of these patients. Conclusions Possible pathophysiologic explanations for the various test results in Meniere's disease are discussed. Interpretation of caloric test results should take into account the absolute value of the slow phase eye speed scores, in addition to the right-left difference score. Also, established standards for the normal range of fluctuation in both absolute and comparative scores should be used when more than one test session has been undertaken.
Stopping the illegal trafficking of human beings

The transnational sex industry experienced a surge during the 1990swith the breakup of the former Soviet Union. The virtual enslavementof a growing number of women into the global prostitution market fromthis region of the world has begun to be documented in an on-goingmanner by independent non-governmental organizations that trackmigration patterns and international criminal activity. The emergenceof this phenomenon in Europe expands the study of the transnationalsex industry well beyond Southeast Asia and Asia, where it has beenexamined primarily to date. Governments and internationalgovernmental organizations such as the United Nations are also nowfocusing on this issue from local and global perspectives. In thispaper, the roles that transnational police organizations can play, andhave been playing, regarding preventing and investigating the activitiesof the transnational sex industry, are explored. After sketching thescope of the problem, identifying the players of interest, and examiningthe roles that they have been performing to date, recommendations areoffered for strengthening police response in this area.
Lives on hold: the Dampierre family, captivity and the crusades in thirteenth-century Champagne

ABSTRACTCaptured outside Latakia in 1203, the Fourth Crusader Renard II de Dampierre was imprisoned in Aleppo for 30 years. The families of captured crusaders lost contact with their imprisoned son...
Summary and Prognosis

Gaseous ion mobility, diffusion, and reaction have been studied by swarm techniques for about 120 years. As illustrated in Chap. 1, many important things have been discovered, including the existence of electrons, ions, and isotopes; a verification of quantum mechanics by its use in distinguishing the mobilities of 4He2\(^{+}\) and 4He\(^{+}\)(2S1/2) in 4He(1S0); the NTE equation relating the mobility and diffusion coefficient at low \(E/n_{0}\); the tensorial rather than scalar nature of the diffusion coefficients; and the usefulness of DTMS for studying ion–neutral reactions at intermediate energies. So many of these discoveries happened so long ago that scientists often assume that there is little more to be done, despite the many experimental techniques that have been introduced in recent years. These are described in Chap. 2.
NHLBI-Sponsored Randomized Trial of Postconditioning During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Rationale: Postconditioning at the time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction may reduce infarct size and improve myocardial salvage. Ho...
Carbon Nanotube Fiber Field Emission Array Cathodes

Field emission cathodes made from single bulk carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have demonstrated high emission currents and long lifetimes. This paper investigates the goal of achieving even higher current levels from field emission array (FEA) cathodes comprised of multiple CNT fibers arranged in various array configurations. Arrays were fabricated with 25- $\mu \text{m}$ -diameter CNT fibers in 2-fiber ( $1 \times 2$ ), 4-fiber ( $2 \times 2$ ), and 25-fiber ( $5 \times 5$ ) configurations, and their field emission properties were measured. The $1 \times 2$ and $2 \times 2$ FEA cathodes achieved the maximum current values that scaled to greater than 2 mA per emitter. The $5 \times 5$ FEA cathode achieved a high maximum current value of 22 mA and exhibited stable emission for 10 h at ~9 mA at an applied field strength of 0.11 V/ $\mu \text{m}$ . The Fowler–Nordheim theory was used to calculate the effective field enhancement factor ( $\beta _{\mathrm {eff}}$ ) values for all of the arrays. Electrostatic simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics modeling software to model the field enhancement of a perfectly uniform $5 \times 5$ array. The $\beta _{\mathrm {eff}}$ value for the total array was compared to the individual $\beta $ values at the fiber tips predicted by a surface potential model that predicted the field amplification of all 25 CNT fibers in the array.
Introduction: Collaboration Across Boundaries for Social-Ecological Systems Science

This chapter introduces the challenge of collaboration across boundaries for social-ecological systems (SES) science. Management of SESs for sustainability and resilience amounts to a wicked problem that requires cross-boundary collaborative approaches. It is far less appreciated how to pursue such approaches effectively, since the basic sciences in which technical training for the study and management of SESs differ from the applied behavioral sciences to support collaboration across boundaries. The chapter reviews a framework for understanding the issues, tasks, challenges, and strategic practices involved in collaboration. A discussion of boundaries and their crossing follows, noting how spanning disciplinary, organizational, and national divides complicates collaboration. The chapter concludes with an outline of the book, which draws on experiences from collaborative projects that crossed multiple boundaries in the pursuit of SES science around the world.
In-Stream Stochastic Division and Square Root via Correlation

Stochastic Computing (SC) is designed to minimize hardware area and power consumption compared to traditional binary-encoded computation, stemming from the bit-serial data representation and extremely straightforward logic. Though existing Stochastic Computing Units mostly assume uncorrelated bit streams, recent works find that correlation can be exploited for higher accuracy. We propose novel architectures for SC division and square root, which leverage correlation via low-cost in-stream mechanisms that eliminate expensive bit stream regeneration. We also introduce new metrics to better evaluate SC circuits relying on equilibrium via feedback loops. Experiments indicate that our division converges 46.3% faster with both 43.3% lower error and 45.6% less area.
Mature, real world progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) milestones in stage IV, non-squamous, non-small cell lung cancer patients (nsqNSCLC) treated with first line pemetrexed(Pem)/platinum(Plat) followed by pem+/-bevacizumab(Bev) maintenance.

e20721Background: Pemetrexed maintenance therapy is associated with superior survival in stage IV nsqNSCLC patients. We have observed long term disease control in some patients treated with at leas...
Analysis of Historical Transformer Failure and Maintenance Data for Facility Reliability

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has compiled a unique database of equipment failure and maintenance data for critical facilities. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of transformer failure information to show historical trends in failure rates, and how equipment age and maintenance affect component failure. By analyzing over 144 thousand unit years of operational data, this paper paints a more complete picture of component reliability. The data show that careful consideration of detailed failure and maintenance data can better inform facility design and maintenance decisions, ultimately leading to improved system reliability and reduced operational costs.
Impact of road deicing salts on the Upper Passaic River Basin, New Jersey: a geochemical analysis of the major ions in groundwater

Road deicing salts, primarily sodium chloride, has been used widely to remove snow and ice from roadways in New Jersey and the northern United States since the 1950s. Currently, New Jersey stores up to 141 million kg of rock salt and 2401 m3 of liquid calcium chloride in the winter season for road deicing. Road deicing helps to reduce accident rates, road delays, and to improve road accessibility. While it is known that the use of road deicers is beneficial, road salts have also been shown to affect surface water and groundwater quality. In this study, an analysis of major ion concentration of groundwater collected by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for the Upper Passaic River Basin (UPRB) was carried out. The UPRB has a large area of urban land use and a number of significant roads that are regularly deiced during the winter. The results of the study have shown that the contribution of Cl− to the TDS of groundwater increased significantly by the 2000s. Decadal bivariate plots of Na+ vs Cl− and Cl− vs TDS showed a strong increase in the correlations between these ions from the 1960s to the 2000s. Bivariate plots of Na+ vs Cl− and Ca2+ vs Mg2+ display a strong correlation, while those of Na+ vs Ca2+ and Cl− vs Ca2+ display a poor correlation. These observations suggest a link between Na+, Cl− and TDS, a link between Ca2+ and Mg2+, and no link between Ca2+ and Cl−, and between Ca2+ and Na+. Plots of Piper diagrams show that the groundwater facies have changed through time, starting as a single Ca(HCO3)2 species and shifting gradually towards a NaCl-dominated species. Plots of individual ion concentrations versus specific conductance show an increase in Na+ and Cl− over time and point towards an external influx of these ions. In general, groundwater in the UPRB is fresh with total dissolved solids less than 500 mg/L. Against the natural groundwater evolutionary trend, chloride is found to dominate over other chemical species in this freshwater system. These results provide evidence of a link between groundwater chlorides and road deicing salts in the UPRB.
Rift Valley Fever Virus: Propagation, Quantification, and Storage

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne, zoonotic disease endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever have had up to 100% mortality rates in fetal and neonatal sheep. Upon infection of ruminant and human hosts alike, RVFV infection causes an at times severe hepatitis and pathology in many other organs. The enveloped virion contains a tripartite, predominantly negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, which codes for the proteins the virus needs to replicate both in mammalian hosts and insect vectors. Endemic countries often use attenuated RVFV strains for vaccination of livestock but there are no commercially licensed vaccines for humans or livestock in non-endemic areas. In the laboratory, RVFV can be readily propagated and manipulated in vitro using cell culture systems. Presented in this article are techniques routinely used in RVFV research that have proven successful in our laboratories. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Propagation of Rift Valley fever virus in mammalian cells Basic Protocol 2: Quantification of Rift Valley fever virus by plaque assay Basic Protocol 3: Quantification of Rift Valley fever virus by 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50 ) assay Basic Protocol 4: Quantification of Rift Valley fever virus by focus-forming assay Basic Protocol 5: Storage and disinfection Alternate Protocol 1: Propagation of Rift Valley fever virus in MRC-5 cells Alternate Protocol 2: Propagation of RVFV in mosquito-derived cells Alternate Protocol 3: TCID50 detection using fluorescence visualization Support Protocol 1: Calculation of the amount of virus needed to infect a flask at a chosen multiplicity of infection Support Protocol 2: Calculation of the virus titer by plaque assay or focus-forming assay Support Protocol 3: Calculation of the TCID50 titer by the method of Reed and Muench Support Protocol 4: Calculation of the antibody volume for the focus-forming assay.
The intraprostatic immune balance after prostate SBRT in patients.

339Background: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) delivers high dose per fraction radiotherapy to targets with high precision. Such hypofractionated RT appears to act as an immune adjuvant, alte...
Densification and properties of oxygen sintered CuO-doped PIN-PMN-PT ceramics

Abstract Relationships between sintering temperature and annealing atmosphere on microstructure and dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of reactively sintered CuO-doped Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) ceramics were investigated. Uniform 2−3 μm grain size, dense CuO-doped PIN-PMN-PT ceramics are obtained when oxygen sintered versus a bimodal grain size microstructure when sintered in air. Oxygen sintered ceramics have excellent properties including d33 = 300–315 pC/N, EC = 7.7–8 kV/cm, and tan δ
We’re Getting the Band Back Together: Social Cohesion and Solidarity in Bands

One factor that helps determine a band’s success relates to the commitment that individual members have toward playing in their band, along with the degree to which they want to make a living from it. This chapter addresses one of the motivations behind signing a record contract: the cohesion of bands. Arditi focuses on the following questions. Does an individual band member see himself or herself as a musician or as a band member? How does this affect the desire for a record contract? How does it influence cohesion? Band members have varying reasons for performing in a band. One factor that leads to the potential for a band to sign a contract relates to their organizational structure. Arditi argues that when musicians view their performance identity linked to their band’s identity, the band has greater solidarity, and is more likely to last longer through more contractual arrangements.
The Generalizability of Running Record Accuracy and Self-Correction Scores

Running Records provide a standardized method for recording and assessing students’ oral reading behaviors and are excellent formative assessment tools to guide instructional decision-making. This ...
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Neuromuscular Diseases

The term neuromuscular disease (NMD) encompasses a large variety of disorders that include muscle weakness in their scope of pathologies. Of interest are the disorders that include respiratory muscle weakness as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. Advances in the understanding of neuromuscular diseases and the importance of mechanical ventilation in these patients have resulted in increasing numbers of teenagers and young adults with NMD entering the broader society. The emergence of novel disease-modifying therapeutics for neuromuscular diseases known for high incidences of early mortality such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), X-linked myotubular myopathy, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) necessitates that the practitioner has an understanding of the factors that drive morbidity in these patients. The review of individual natural histories of individual pediatric neuromuscular diseases is beyond the scope of this report. However, there is significant overlap in the pathophysiology and development of respiratory morbidity and sleep-disordered breathing. The subsequent sections in this chapter seek to provide an understanding of the pathophysiology that drives respiratory insufficiency and the principles of ventilator management. Of course, understanding the prognosis of any specific disease and the family’s goals are extremely important in the consideration of therapies.
Electrodermal fear conditioning and sexual victimization in college students

Abstract Little research on sexual victimization has explored factors, particularly biopsychological factors that impede a person's ability to respond to risk or fear. According to Read-React-Respond model, effectively responding to a sexual threat involves a person accurately recognizing risk cues, prioritizing self-preservation, and reacting to this threat, and we propose that fear conditioning is relevant for one to effectively respond to a sexual threat with its role in avoidance behavior. This study tests whether electrodermal fear conditioning is associated with sexual victimization. The sample comprised 43 female college students, and 44% self-reported at least one sexual victimization experience. Skin conductance was recorded during a fear-conditioning task. The victims had a weaker fear conditioning skin conductance response (SCR) than the nonvictim group. Furthermore, the victims showed a larger SCR to the tone previously signifying no aversive events than the tone previously signifying aversive events during extinction. This is the first study documenting an association between sexual victimization and reduced electrodermal fear conditioning. Findings highlight the importance of the biopsychological factors in sexual victimization and lend support to the Read-React-Respond model. The findings of poor electrodermal fear conditioning among victims should be taken into consideration in preventive efforts. Our findings also have important implications for exposure-based therapy.
New Antidiabetes Medications and Their Cardiovascular and Renal Benefits.

After 12 years of rigorous cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) emerged as new therapeutic options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to reduce the risk of heart disease. SGLT2i additionally cause a reduction in heart failure and renal events in patients both with and without diabetes. This article reviews the major CVOTs that support the use of these agents, describes the mechanisms of action that lead to their broad cardiorenal benefits, explains current guidelines, and offers practical clinical advice to initiate and monitor treatment with these agents.
The Impact of Demonetization Process on the Performance of Nifty

This paper investigates the impact of demonetization process on the performance of Nifty 50 and its Sectorial Indices. The study uses data of closing prices from 28 June 2016 up to 20 March 2017. The study employs descriptive statistics, paired sample T test and ANOVA to evaluate the impact of demonetization process on the performance of Nifty 50 and its Sectorial Indices. It has found that there is statistical significance at the level of 5% that Nifty 50 dropped after the demonetization event as compared to the pre demonetization event. Further, the results reveal that most of Sectorial Indices of Nifty 50 sloped downward post demonetization event and the significance of the statistical results are varied from one sector to another. It is recommended that periodic review of the policy should be made to iron out the negative impacts of demonetization. Also, it is imperative to evaluate the impact of demonetization on the short, medium, and long run to avoid any grey areas for any future policy regarding cashless economy or demonetization.
The Flipped Classroom as a Tool for Engaging Discipline Faculty in Collaboration: A Case Study in Library-Business Collaboration.

AbstractThis case study focuses on an innovative approach to the flipped classroom as a tool for productive library-discipline faculty collaboration on information literacy instruction. The argument is presented that the flipped classroom can be a pathway into the disciplines that can be used in overcoming the disadvantages of the one-shot and other barriers to collaboration. The case study will outline the reasons for a successful collaboration on integrating information literacy into this undergraduate business course and for its extension to five additional business courses. Practical examples of learning outcomes, in-class activities, and assessment are provided.
High strength HLA-DPA1 donor-specific antibodies cause positive CDC B-cell crossmatch but weak positive B-cell flow crossmatch

DPA1 antibodies were shown to be a risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). We present a case showing high MFI DPA1 donor-specific antibodies (DSA) causing +ve CDC crossmatch (CxM), but -ve flow xM (FxM). At the time of deceased donor offer, we perform prospective FxM if the intended candidate displays strong DP DSA. This particular case received first kidney transplant in 2004 from a 8/10 mismatched donor. Luminex single antigen bead assay (One Lambda) revealed strong antibodies to all mismatched donor’s HLA and CREG, and thus had 100% CPRA. The patient also displayed strong antibodies to several DPs including to the alpha chains, DPA1∗01 and DPA1∗03. The patient received a deceased donor offer in May 2015. Virtual xM (VxM) identified 3 strong DSAs directed to DPA1∗01(MFI = 16282), DPA1∗03(MFI = 13167) and DPB1∗04(MFI = 19568), and predicted positive B FxM. Contrary to the prediction, the donor-specific FxM was -ve (T cell MCS = 29; B cell MCS = 110). Kidney offer was declined because of multiple high MFI DSAs. To have better insights on our failed VxM prediction, we performed pronase as well as CxMs. The pronase B FxM was weakly +ve with a MCS = 209 (+ve cutoff > 120 MCS), which is within the range relates to -ve CxM. Unexpectedly, the B CxM with and without DTT-treated sera were turned to be strongly +ve. Additional xMs with a surrogate donor cells expressing a single target DPA1∗01:03 also produced similar results, i.e., +ve pronase B FxM with MCS=178 and +ve B CxM. We confirmed DP antibodies assignment using Immucor single antigen beads, and typed previous donor and patient for DPA1 and DPB1 loci. These results ruled out DPB1∗04:01 antibody, but cannot confirm DPB1∗04:02, because DPB1∗04:02 beads in both venders’ systems were paired with DQA1∗01:03. It is more likely the patient has only DPA1∗01 and DPA1∗03 antibodies. Unambiguous assignment of DPA1 antibodies will remain challenging until the single antigen bead array includes multiple DP antigen series with different alpha and beta chain pairs. In conclusion, comprehensive antibody analyses by single antigen beads, and high-resolution typing of DPB1 and DPA1 of donor and recipient are necessary to define DPA1 antibodies. CDC xM is a critical test to determine the risk of hyper acute AMR in patients having strong DPA1 DSAs, and FxM may yield false negative results in these cases.
Biologically Active [14C]Vasopressin A NEW AND SIMPLIFIED SYNTHESIS

Biologically active lysine-[glycinamide-14C]vasopressin can be synthesized by enzymatically removing the COOH—terminal glycinamide residue of the hormone and replacing it with the same compound isotopically labeled. After purification by gel filtration followed by paper electrophoresis or ion exchange chromatography, the radioactive hormone has 75 to 95% of the maximal biological activity of pure synthetic hormone. The dose-response curve for activation of adenylate cyclase from rat renal medullas (an index of antidiuretic activity) is identical to that of native hormone. The method has been used to synthesize hormone with a specific radioactivity of 100 mCi per mmole.
Studies on base-exchange reactions of phospholipids in rat brain: Heterogeneity of base-exchange enzymes

Abstract The solubilization of base-exchange enzymes from rat brain was effected with a combination of 0.8% Miranol H2M with 0.5% sodium cholate. The yields of incorporation activities for ethanolamine and serine in the solubilized supernatant fraction were 74 and 65%, respectively. Choline incorporation enzyme was not solubilized by this detergent mixture. The solubilized activities for ethanolamine and serine were concentrated into the fraction precipitated by (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 between 35 and 55% in the presence of Asolectin dispersion. The separation of base-exchange enzyme specific for each of the three compounds was accomplished with chromatography using Sepharose 4B, Affi-Gel 102 and DEAE-cellulose. Separate fractions were obtained which possessed principally choline or serine or ethanolamine incorporation activities.
Conley v. Gibson's "No Set of Facts" Test: Neither Cancer Nor Cure

In Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly and Ashcroft v. Iqbal, the Supreme Court instituted a “plausibility” standard for assessing the sufficiency of a plaintiff’s complaint – in the process disavowing Conley v. Gibson’s “no set of facts” test. Reaction to the new “plausibility” standard has been generally critical, leading to calls for the reinstatement of the “no set of facts” test. This essay argues that the “no set of facts” test is a legal sufficiency test and thus inapplicable to the factual sufficiency challenges in Twombly and Iqbal. As a consequence, the “no set of facts” test is neither the cancer maligned by Twombly nor the cure to Iqbal. Drawing from this analysis, the essay proposes a new factual sufficiency test that would work symbiotically with the legal sufficiency standard.
Local chiral symmetry for gauge theories on wilson’s lattice

With the problem of chiral symmetry on the Wilson lattice in space-time as an objective, we introduce a definition of differentiation on a lattice which respects the product rule of Leibnitz d(fg)=f dg+(df)g for functionsf, g. The derivative is essentially a generalization of the SLAC derivative on a lattice. With this derivative, chiral (symmetry) currents have all the characteristics that they possess in the continuum quantum theory of fields. In particular, the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly theorem has the same form as in the continuum.
Conducting implementation research in community-based primary care: a qualitative study on integrating patient decision support interventions for cancer screening into routine practice.

Background Despite a growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of patient decision support interventions (DESI), little is known about their implementation in community-based primary care practices. Objective The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of integrating the use of DESIs for cancer screening in primary care practices serving patients from diverse backgrounds and learn more about the potential barriers and facilitators of integration. Setting 12 community-based primary care practices in metropolitan Los Angeles. Main variables studied Qualitative field notes documented the roles played by staff and physicians in accomplishing project goals, the impact of the programmes on the clinical work-flow in the practices and other noteworthy observations. Results Practices that were better able to integrate the project had adequate clinic infrastructure, a relatively well-matched patient pool, and positive work and patient care environments. The remaining identified components, including staff facilitation and the physician’s role accounted for higher level differences between the clinics, acting as barriers and facilitators that distinguished practices that were able to work independently from those that required more assistance and, to a lesser extent, those clinics that did and those that did not meet the project goals. Discussion and conclusions This study suggests that implementation of DESIs to be used immediately before a consultation is feasible if the practice infrastructure can provide sufficient basic accommodation and physician and staff are dedicated to patient care goals that are implicit in the use of these tools. Overall, the physician’s role appeared to be the most important factor in determining whether project integration was successful.
The resonant three-wave interaction in an inhomogeneous medium

Abstract Conversion of a pump wave into a pair of daughter waves resonantly coupled to it is studied analytically in an inhomogeneous medium in two cases: When the medium is slightly inhomogeneous, and when the resonant layer is very narrow, so that it may be approximated by the delta-function. In the former case, a configuration of the wave fields is sought for in a form close to the exact one-soliton solution of the homogeneous model. The evolution equations for parameters of the wave form are derived by means of the Langrangian formalism. In the latter case, the underlying equations of the resonant three-wave interaction can be integrated directly. In both cases, a share of the inital pump that does not decay into the daughters is found. In the former case this share is always small due to the underlying assumptions, while in the latter case it may be arbitrarily large.
Fast reroute from single link and single node failures for IP multicast

The rise in multicast implementations has seen with it an increased support for fast failure recovery from link and node failures. Most recovery mechanisms augment additional services to existing protocols causing excessive overhead, and these modifications are predominantly protocol-specific. In this paper, we develop a multicast failure recovery mechanism that constructs protocol independent fast reroute paths to recover from single link and single node failures. We observe that single link failure recovery in multicast networks is similar to recovering unicast traffic, and we use existing unicast recovery mechanisms for multicast traffic. We construct multicast protection trees that provide instantaneous failure recovery from single node failures. For a given node x, the multicast protection tree spans all its neighbors and does not include itself. Thus, when the node fails, the neighbors of the node are connected through the multicast protection tree instead of node x, and forward the traffic over the multicast protection tree for the duration of failure recovery. The multicast protection trees are constructed a priori, without the knowledge of the multicast traffic in the network. Based on simulations on three realistic network topologies, we observe that the multicast protection trees increase the routing table size only by 38% on average and the path length between any source-destination pair by 13% on average.
Optimization of the Statistical Exchange Parameter α for the Free Atoms H through Nb

We have examined two criteria for determining the exchange parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ which occurs in the $X\ensuremath{\alpha}$ local-statistical-exchange approximation, an approximation widely used in energy-band and molecular calculations. These criteria are (i) adjustment of the statistical total energy to the Hartree-Fock total energy, leading to ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{HF}}$, and (ii) satisfaction of the virial theorem, leading to ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{vt}}$. We have calculated the values of the parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ corresponding to these two criteria for the neutral atoms H through Nb, and compared them with the values ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{min}$ corresponding to the Hartree-Fock total-energy minimization criterion employed earlier by Kmetko and Wood. While the last-mentioned criterion leads to $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ values which show large fluctuations across the periodic table as a function of $Z$, the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ values obtained by either of the two criteria used in this paper show a systematic variation as a function of $Z$, reflecting the shell structure of the atoms, and varying linearly with $Z$ within the range of $Z$ for which a particular atomic subshell is being filled.
The distribution of non-detrital iron and manganese in two cores from the Kara Sea

Abstract In two sediment cores from the Kara Sea the concentration of non-detrital iron varies between 0·31 and 5·45% and non-detrital manganese between 0·01 and 6·20%. The Mn/Fe ratio varies between 0·01 and 5·54. Both elements are enriched in brown surface layers but not at the same stratigraphic levels. The highest concentration of manganese in both cores occurs several centimeters closer to the sediment-water interface than does the highest concentration of iron. Post-depositional processes including dissolution, migration and subsequent differential oxidation of non-detrital iron and manganese rather than primary deposition have been largely responsible for the observed distribution of these elements in Kara Sea sediments.
Comparisons of steady-state anisotropy of the plasma membrane of living cells with different probes.

Abstract We have used an extended Perrin equation which was in agreement with literature data for steady-state anisotropy (rss) for a wide variety of artificial and isolated biological membranes labeled with various probes (Van der Meer et al. (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 854, 38–44 to obtain the static component (r∞) for the intact plasma membranes of living cells. We show that lipid structural order parameters can be obtained for DPH and TMA-DPH in the plasma membranes of intact cells. We have examined the relationship between ‘fractional limiting hindered anisotropy’, r∞/r0, which is related to the lipid structural order parameter, of DPH, TMA-DPH, DPHpPC, and a series of depth-dependent probes (n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acids, with n = 2−16, using data from 19 cell types. There was a linear relationship between r∞/r0 values of DPH and TMA-DPH, but the relationship between either of these probes was non-linear with respect to DPHpPC or the series of fatty acid probes. The relationship between r∞/r0 values of DPHpPC and the series of fatty acid probes was linear, suggesting that they not only undergo similar motions in the membrane, but also experience similar types of restriction to motion, a type which is different from that experienced by DPH and TMA-DPH. We show that for the plasma membranes of living cells, ‘second degree’ order paramters can be estimated for DPH and TMA-DPH, and propose that the parameter r∞/r0, or the ‘fractional limiting hindered anisotropy’, analogous to a ‘first degree’ order parameter, can be estimated for DPHpPC and the depth-dependent fatty acid probes to evaluate the density of membrane packing.
Apparent induction of microsomal carboxylesterase activities in tissues of clofibrate-fed mice and rats

Treatment with 0.5% (ww) dietary clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator, for 14 days induced microsomal carboxylesterase activities for five substrates including malathion, clofibrate, diethylsuccinate, diethylphthalate, and p-nitrophenylacetate in liver and kidney of male Swiss-Webster mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. The induction was substrate, tissue, and species dependent. The carboxylesterase activity was induced in mouse from 1.2- to 2.2-fold (liver) and from 1.1- to 1.7-fold (kidney) depending upon substrate used. Analogous values from rat ranged from 1.0- to 1.4-fold (liver) and from 1.1- to 1.8-fold (kidney). Enzyme activities were either decreased or not affected in testes of treated mice and rats. Substituted trifluoroketones (“transition-state” inhibitors of carboxylesterase) were found to be very potent inhibitors of clofibrate-metabolizing carboxylesterase(s) and to be potentially useful in distinguishing among isozymes. The inhibition data suggested that changes in carboxylesterase activity following clofibrate treatment were both qualitative and quantitative.
Quantum localization due to mirror plane symmetry

With suitably directed initial states, we show how the time-averaged density of an evolving wave packet localizes on a mirror plane. A classical analog of this behavior can sometimes be found with trajectories weighted according to a Wigner distribution of the initial quantum state. However, in the limit of strongly chaotic classical dynamics, no such classical analog exists and the quantum localization in the density tends to be stronger by a factor of 2. Two very different systems are used to illustrate this effect, one being a three-dimensional model for a lithium atom moving within a C{sub 60} cage and the other being a two-dimensional double well problem.
Complete explicit classification of parallel Lorentz surfaces in arbitrary pseudo-Euclidean spaces

Abstract A Lorentz surface of an indefinite space form is called parallel if its second fundamental form is parallel. Such surfaces are locally invariant under the reflection with respect to the normal space at each point. Parallel surfaces are important in geometry as well as in physics since extrinsic invariants of such surfaces do not change from point to point. Recently, parallel spacelike surfaces in an arbitrary indefinite space form are classified in Chen (2010) [20] . Moreover, parallel Lorentz surfaces in 4D indefinite space forms are completely classified in a series of recent articles Chen (submitted for publication) [16] , Chen (submitted for publication) [17] , Chen (in press) [18] , Chen (2010) [19] , Chen and Van der Veken (2009) [15] (see also Graves (1979) [12] , Graves (1979) [13] and Magid (1984) [14] for some partial results). In this paper, we achieve the complete classification of parallel Lorentz surfaces in a pseudo-Euclidean space with arbitrary codimension and arbitrary index.
Color Control by Ultrasonic Wave Gratings

Since ultrasonic waves in a transparent medium act upon light traversing the medium substantially parallel to the wave fronts in a way similar to a diffraction grating, it is possible to use such an ultrasonic wave grating as a color modulator or as a monochromator at high modulation rates of the intensity and spectral position of the color band transmitted. The relationships between position and resolution of the color bands and the ultrasonic parameters are investigated, and spectrograms as well as spectrophotometric measurements are presented. Various aspects of ultrasonic color modulation are considered.
Magnetic endohedral metallofullerenes with floppy interiors

It is shown that ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{3}\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{80}$ is a highly magnetic and very stable motif that allows enhanced contrast magnetic resonance imaging and electric dipole moment with potential for cancer treatment. Using a synergistic approach combining Stern-Gerlach experiments in beams and first-principles electronic structure studies, it is demonstrated that an isolated ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{3}\mathrm{N}$ has a ground state spin moment of $23{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ followed by a noncollinear state of $17.2{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ only $88\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ above the ground state. The large moment is largely due to localized $f$ electrons. As a ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{3}\mathrm{N}$ is embedded inside a ${\mathrm{C}}_{80}$ cage, the localized $f$ electrons maintain the magnetic character while the hybridization between the $s$, $d$ states of isolated ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{3}\mathrm{N}$ and $p$ states of ${\mathrm{C}}_{80}$ leads to a strongly bound motif with an interaction energy of $13.63\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ and a large highest-occupied-molecular-orbital\char21{}lowest-unoccupied-molecular-orbital gap of $1.48\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{3}\mathrm{N}@{\mathrm{C}}_{80}$ is further shown to possess two isomers corresponding to the location of the N atom on either side of the ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{3}$ triangle with an appreciable electric dipole moment and a low barrier of $91\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ for transition between them offering potential for a fluctuating dipole.
Identification of reproducible ventricular tachycardia in a canine model

Abstract Epicardial mapping was used as a standard to investigate how well the limb leads, both alone and in conjunction with 5 select epicardial electrodes, can verify reproducibility in a common, open-chest canine model of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Reproducible VT was defined as 2 or more episodes of monomorphic VT with similar rates, limb lead tracings and epicardial maps. In this study, 21 dogs underwent 2-hour occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion. Three days later, programmed stimulation was used to induce VT that was analyzed with limb leads I, II and III and 27 simultaneously recorded, bipolar epicardial electrodes. Thirteen dogs had VT of which 11 had polymorphic VT (varying QRS morphology). Twelve dogs yielded at least 1 form of monomorphic VT. Eight had 2 or more distinct forms of monomorphic VT (pleomorphism). Four of these 8 dogs had pleomorphic VT that was not apparent from the limb lead tracings, but was recognized from the epicardial activation maps constructed from the 27 epicardial recordings. To provide a method of distinguishing various VTs without the need of full epicardial mapping, 5 of the 27 epicardial electrodes were selected. These were postitioned over the midanterior and midposterior right and left ventricles, and the left ventricular apex. By analyzing electrogram morphology and activation time, VT reproducibility could be as accurately identified with these 5 electrodes as with epicardial mapping derived from 27 electrodes. In conclusion, multiple VT morphologies are common in this open-chest canine model. Limb lead recordings alone are inadequate for analysis of VT reproducibility. The limb leads in conjunction with 5 select epicardial electrodes can verify VT reproducibility as well as 27-electrode epicardial maps.
Form Versus Function: How the Intensities of Specific Emotions Evoked in Functional Versus Hedonic Trade-Offs Mediate Product Preferences

Abstract This article examines the emotional and behavioral consequences of making functional versus hedonic trade-offs. Building on the proposed correspondence between functionality and a prevention focus and between hedonics and a promotion focus, the authors predict that contexts involving functional versus hedonic trade-offs evoke a variety of both negative and positive emotions, including guilt/anxiety, sadness/disappointment, cheerfulness/excitement, and confidence/security. These predictions are confirmed. Furthermore, an analysis of the intensities of these specific emotions reveals the following additional insights: (1) Under conditions in which the options in a choice set meet or exceed both functional and hedonic cutoffs, consumers attach greater importance to the hedonic attribute, and (2) whereas the functionally superior option is preferred in choice tasks, the hedonically superior one is preferred in willingness-to-pay tasks.