cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of Salmonella typhimurium in fat free milk using a phage immobilized magnetoelastic sensor

Abstract A magnetoelastic sensor immobilized with bacteriophage for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium in fat free milk is described. The response of the magnetoelastic sensors can be measured in the absence of direct physical wire contacts to the sensor, making the possibility of real time and in vivo bio-detection systems more realistic. The sensor system reported in this article is a combination of two rapidly developing technologies: magnetoelastic materials as a transducer and filamentous bacteriophage as a replacement to traditional bioprobes such as antibodies. Upon exposure to the target pathogen, the response of the phage immobilized magnetoelastic sensor changed, which was quantified by the shift in the sensor's resonance frequency. These frequency changes were proportional to the amount of target antigen bound to the sensor. Response of the sensors to increasing concentrations (5 × 10 1 to 5 × 10 8 cfu/ml) of S. typhimurium in two different liquid media (water and fat-free milk) was studied on sensors with dimensions 2 mm × 0.4 mm × 0.015 mm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographics of previously assayed biosensors were used for visual correlation of sensor response. A detection limit of 5 × 10 3 cfu/ml, with a sensitivity of 159 Hz/decade was obtained for the sensors tested in water samples, as compared to 118 Hz/decade in fat free milk. The dissociation constant K d and the binding valencies for S. typhimurium spiked water samples was 136, 2.4 and 149 and 2.5 cfu/ml for spiked fat free milk samples.
Solid State X-Band Airport Surface Surveillance Radar

Raytheon has developed a new solid state transmitter for a low cost airport surface detection system. The transmitter as part of a low cost transceiver became the heart of the Federal Aviation Administration's Airport Surface Detection Equipment -Model X (ASDE-X) system. The all weather performance of the system was helped by a unique constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithm that was introduced to deal with the high rain returns on runways. This paper discusses the Raytheon ASDE-X transceiver and the new local area CFAR.
Attention To Surgeons And Surgical Care Is Largely Missing From Early Medicare Accountable Care Organizations

The Affordable Care Act supports the growth of accountable care organizations (ACOs) as a potentially powerful model for health care delivery and payment. The model focuses on primary care. However...
Machine identification of human faces

Abstract Improved techniques for automatic recognition of human face profiles are reported. A computer file of 112 subjects was constructed, each face description being a 17-dimensional feature vector whose components were formed from the averages of three sittings. When a fourth pose was introduced as an ‘unknown’ for file identification, recognition accuracy was 96%. In the 4% of failures, the correct file entry was in second place in the rank-ordered list of Euclidean distances. For experiments of asserted identity, where the unknown claimed to be a particular file member, confirmation was essentially perfect, as was rejection of non-file interlopers.
Synthesis of block polymers by homogeneous anionic polymerization

The advent of the homogeneous, termination-free anionic polymerization systems has proven to be a valuable synthesis tool for the polymer scientist. The absence of a spontaneous termination reaction in these systems makes it feasible to form a variety of interesting polymeric materials, i.e., linear, block polymers, star-shaped polymers, and well-defined graft polymers, as well as chains garnished at the end (or ends) with reactive groups. Recently linear block polymers of styrene and butadiene have achieved commercial importance. This review covers the synthesis methods of these block polymers and touches briefly on the formation of other block polymers by diverse synthesis routes.
Comparison of the different promoting effects of FeMn, Ni and Pt on the n-butane isomerization activity of sulfated zirconia catalysts

Abstract The n -butane isomerization has been studied on a series of transition metal-promoted sulfated zirconia catalysts. In support of the bimolecular mechanism that involves the participation of olefins and oligomeric carbenium ions on the surface, it was found that the activity of the catalysts under continuous flow operation was much higher than that obtained in the pulse mode. However, when small quantities of 1-butene were added to the pulses, the activity was greatly enhanced. This enhancement significantly varied with the type of metal promoter present in the SZ catalyst. A strong influence of the purity of the n -butane used on activity and sensitivity to hydrogen was observed. When pure n -butane feed was used, the presence of hydrogen had a strong inhibiting effect on activity at low temperatures, but a promoting effect at high temperatures. This promoting effect was particularly prominent on PtSZ and NiSZ catalysts and is primarily due to a decreased deactivation. When n -butane with olefin impurities was used as a feed, the effect of hydrogen was only evident on the PtSZ catalyst. The NiSZ catalyst did not show the inhibition at low temperatures nor the enhanced stability at high temperatures exhibited when n -butane of high purity was used. It was found that the formation of coke has a direct relationship with the low temperature activity. A comparison of the different catalysts investigated under various conditions reflected a trend: the lower the temperature at which n -butane can be converted, the more rapid deactivation and the higher the amount of coke formed.
The Heritability of Memory in the Western Reserve Twin Project

The heritability of memory ability was examined using 137 monozygotic and 127 samesex dizygotic twin pairs from the Western Reserve Twin Project. Memory was assessed by eight measures drawn from the following batteries: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, the Colorado Test of Specific Cognitive Abilities, and the Cognitive Abilities Test. The results indicate that phenotypic correlations are generally low across these memory measures and heritability varies as a function of memory measure. These findings suggest that the heritability of memory varies as a function of the memory measure employed. Therefore, future studies investigating heritability estimates of memory should use a multimeasure battery to study this construct.
Residual Division, Semi-Prime Operations, and a Theorem of Sakuma and Okuyama

Abstract Let I be a regular ideal of a Noetherian ring R . Then it is well known that: (a) I n + k : I n = I k for all large k and for all n ⩾ 0; (b) if I is principal and H is another ideal of R , then I n + j H m : I j = I n H m = I n ( I j H m : I j ) for all m ⩾0, j ⩾0, and n ⩾1; and (c) if R is local and analytically unramified, then ( I n + k ) a = I n ( I k ) a for all large k and for all n ⩾0, where ( I j ) a is the integral closure of I j . The main results in this paper generalize these three theorems to the case where H and I are finite collections of Noetherian filtrations on R , and these new results are then used to show that a semi-local ring R is analytically unramified if and only if for every regular ideal I of R there exists a regular ideal K of R such that ( I n ) a = I n K : K for all n ⩾1.
Phantom maps and spaces of the same n-type for all n

Abstract This paper develops the connection between the set of phantom maps from X to Y and the set of homotopy types W having the same n -type as Z , for all n , where Z = X × ΩY or Y ∨ σX . Using recent work making calculations of the space of phantom maps possible, we can give explicit constructions of various W 's.
Neural crest induction by paraxial mesoderm in Xenopus embryos requires FGF signals

At the border of the neural plate, the induction of the neural crest can be achieved by interactions with the epidermis, or with the underlying mesoderm. Wnt signals are required for the inducing activity of the epidermis in chick and amphibian embryos. Here, we analyze the molecular mechanisms of neural crest induction by the mesoderm in Xenopus embryos. Using a recombination assay, we show that prospective paraxial mesoderm induces a panel of neural crest markers (Slug, FoxD3, Zic5 and Sox9), whereas the future axial mesoderm only induces a subset of these genes. This induction is blocked by a dominant negative (dn) form of FGFR1. However, neither dnFGFR4a nor inhibition of Wnt signaling prevents neural crest induction in this system. Among the FGFs, FGF8 is strongly expressed by the paraxial mesoderm. FGF8 is sufficient to induce the neural crest markers FoxD3, Sox9 and Zic5 transiently in the animal cap assay. In vivo, FGF8 injections also expand the Slug expression domain. This suggests that FGF8 can initiate neural crest formation and cooperates with other DLMZ-derived factors to maintain and complete neural crest induction. In contrast to Wnts, eFGF or bFGF, FGF8 elicits neural crest induction in the absence of mesoderm induction and without a requirement for BMP antagonists. In vivo, it is difficult to dissociate the roles of FGF and WNT factors in mesoderm induction and neural patterning. We show that, in most cases, effects on neural crest formation were parallel to altered mesoderm or neural development. However, neural and neural crest patterning can be dissociated experimentally using different dominant-negative manipulations: while Nfz8 blocks both posterior neural plate formation and neural crest formation, dnFGFR4a blocks neural patterning without blocking neural crest formation. These results suggest that different signal transduction mechanisms may be used in neural crest induction, and anteroposterior neural patterning.
Altered LRF responsiveness in amenorrheic women.

ABSTRACT The clomiphene and LRF induced gonadotropin responses of amenorrheic women were studied. The women were initially subdivided into two groups on the basis of their response to clomiphene. The amenorrheic women were tested with an intravenous bolus of 10 μg LRF and their responses compared with each other as well as with those of normally cycling women tested in the early and late follicular phases. A new subset of amenorrheic women was identified. Those women 1) failed to respond to clomiphene, 2) had significantly lower basal plasma hLH and hFSH levels than women sampled in the early or late follicular phase as well as amenorrheic women who responded to clomiphene and 3) displayed a strikingly different LRF response, characterized by a similar incremental change in plasma levels of FSH and LH. Their quantitative FSH response was greater than that observed in normally cycling women and amenorrheic women who responded to clomiphene. The LRF-induced gonadotropin response of the amenorrheic women who...
The hazards of risk management

Increasing application of the concept of risk raises several policy and management issues for environmental managers. Functionally, risk can be structured as risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. Each of these functional areas have complex technical issues associated with them that are often unfamiliar to the public.
Transcoding with Resolution Conversion Using Super-Resolution and Irregular Sampling

In transcoding, quantization and other techniques could result in lower video output quality. To address this problem a novel super-resolution (SR) algorithm based on irregular sampling (IS) is presented in this paper. The high-resolution (HR) frame is obtained as an interpolation of one or more previous frames; the resulting interpolated frame has samples non-uniformly spaced in the areas where movement happened. To reconstruct the irregular sampled frame we use a well-known irregular sampling algorithm modified to perform in 2-D space. Moreover, because SR algorithms are in general computationally expensive, we also present a hardware feasibility study. The proposed solution does not target any specific application but we have specifically tested the algorithm in a transcoding environment. In particular, we have applied it to VC-1 to H.264 transcoding and applied down/up sampling. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves video quality significantly.
The effectiveness of a transitional prekindergarten program on later academic achievement

Transitional, or extra year, classes have become a widely implemented intervention in many schools. This study investigated the academic effectiveness of a prekindergarten program in a suburban, predominantly Caucasian upper middle class school system. Ninety matched pairs of children were selected for the study based on a “developmentally immature” score on the Gesell School Readiness Test. Children who spent an extra year in prekindergarten were matched with youngsters who proceeded directly to regular kindergarten based on gender, date of birth, and Gesell score. No significant differences were found between the two groups of students on the basis of Stanford Achievement Test scores (second grade), Pupil Evaluation of Progress scores (third grade), placement in a first grade remedial reading program, review by the building level Pupil Service team, or classification by the Committee on Special Education. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Geometric Structure and Thermal Conductivity of Porous Medium Silica Aerogel

In this paper, three periodic structures are used to derive the apparent conductivity of a porous medium and a specific application is made to aerogel. The characteristics of the structure are determined using results for the porosity and specific surface area obtained from nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement. 10 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Atrazine degradation by anodic Fenton treatment

Anodic Fenton treatment (AFT), an hydroxyl radical oxidation process recently developed for the degradation of aqueous pesticide waste, was applied to the degradation of atrazine, seven degradation products, and a formulated atrazine product. Using AFT, degradation of the parent compound occurred in 3 min. The concentration profiles of seven degradation products formed during treatment were measured, and degradation pathways are proposed for the treatment. The primary termination product after 10 min was dechlorinated ammeline. Three different 14C labeled atrazine compounds (ethyl, isopropyl and U-triazine ring labeled atrazine) were also treated in an air-tight AFT apparatus and the mass balance was calculated. The triazine ring was not cleaved during this treatment process. Formulated atrazine was 70% degraded in 3 min. AFT holds promise as an effective pesticide-laden water treatment technology.
A sensitive spectrophotometric assay of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.

Abstract The recently reported highly sensitive method for assay of acetyl-CoA:arylamine N -acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5) [ H. H. Andres, A. J. Klein, S. M. Szabo, and W. W. Weber (1985) 145 , 367–375] has been adapted for determination of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. This method provides an improvement in sensitivity over extant spectrophotometric methods and circumvents limitations of assays using radioactive pyruvate. In addition, the assay is simple and inexpensive and can be readily adapted for measurement of enzyme activity in crude tissue extracts or homogenates.
Target gene activation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in osteosarcoma cells is independent of calcium influx

Analogs of the seco-steroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)-2D3] can preferentially stimulate genomic or nongenomic signaling pathways in osteoblasts. In this study, we used 1,25-(OH)2D3 analogs and voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel (VSCC) ligands, including dihydropyridines (Bay K 8644 and nitrendipine), in an osteosarcoma cell model to examine the relationship between 1,25-(OH)2D3-stimulated Ca2+ influx and genomic and nongenomic pathways leading to osteoblast activation. Northern blotting experiments demonstrated that an analog of 1,25-(OH)2D3, 1,24-dihydroxy-22-ene-24-cyclopropyl D3, increased messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of both osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) without triggering Ca2+ influx through VSCCs. Nitrendipine (an inhibitor of L-type VSCCs) did not block the mRNA increase induced by either analog 1,24-dihydroxy-22-ene-24-cyclopropyl D3 or 1,25-(OH)2D3. 1-Deoxy analogs of 1,25-(OH)2D3, 25-hydroxy-16-ene-23-yne-D3, or 25-hydroxy-23-yne-D3, which stimulate Ca2+ influx, did not produce mRNA accumulation for OPN and OCN, consistent with their poor binding to nuclear receptors. Likewise, Bay K 8644, an agonist of VSCCs that produces Ca2+ influx, did not increase mRNA levels for OPN or OCN. Experiments using a construct derived from the sequence of the genomic OPN promoter region and a luciferase reporter confirmed the analog specificity in stimulating transcription. Together these results indicate that 1,25-(OH)2D3-mediated up-regulation of genes encoding OPN and OCN is independent of Ca2+ influx and suggest that the stimulation of Ca2+ influx by 1,25-(OH)2D3 is not required for target gene activation.
Minting Identity: Coinage, Ideology and the Economics of Colonization in Akhaina Magna Graecia

This article focuses on the early coinage of the Akhaian cities of South Italy — Sybaris, Kroton, Metapontion, Kaulonia, Poseidonia — against the backdrop of colonization. Minting an early and distinctive series of coins, these centres were issuing coinage well before their ‘mother-cities’, a phenomenon that has never been fully appreciated. With its origins in a colonial context, the Akhaian coinage of Magna Graecia not only differs from that of the early coin-minting states of the Greek mainland, it offers a case study that challenges long-held assumptions and potentially contributes to a better understanding of the origins of coinage. It does so by suggesting that coinage is much more than a symbol of authority and represents considerably more than just an abstract notion of sovereignty or hegemony. The images or emblems that the Akhaians of South Italy chose for their coins are those current in the contemporary cultural landscape of the historic Akhaians, but at the same time actively recall the world of the heroic Akhaians of the Bronze Age by referring to prehistoric measures of value. More than his, the vicissitudes of colonial and indigenous history in parts of South Italy in the Archaic period were not merely reflected in coinage, the coins themselves were central to the processes of transformation. By boldly minting — constructing — their identity on coinage, the Akhaians of South Italy chose money in order to create relations of dominance and to produce social orders that had not existed before.
Temporal properties of spontaneous speech—a syllable-centric perspective

Temporal properties of the speech signal are of potentially great importance for understanding spoken language and may provide significant insight into the manner in which listeners process spoken language with so little apparent effort. It is the thesis of this study that durational properties of phonetic segments differentially reflect the amount of information contained within a syllable, and that syllable prominence is an indirect measure of linguistic entropy. The ability to understand spoken language appears to depend on a broad distribution of syllable duration, ranging between 50 and 400 ms (for American English), which is reflected in the modulation spectrum of the acoustic signal. The upper branch of the modulation spectrum (6–20 Hz) reflects unstressed syllables, while the lower branch (o5 Hz) represents mostly heavily stressed syllables. Low-pass filtering the modulation spectrum reduces the intelligibility of spoken sentences in a manner consistent with the differential contribution of stressed and unstressed syllables to understanding spoken language. The origins of this phenomenon are investigated in terms of the durational properties of phonetic segments contained in a corpus of spontaneous American English telephone dialogues (SWITCHBOARD). Forty-five minutes of this material was manually annotated with respect to stress accent, and the relation between accent level and segmental duration examined. Statistical analysis indicates that much of the temporal variation observed at the syllabic and phonetic-segment levels can be accounted for in terms of two basic parameters: (1) stress-accent pattern and (2) position of the segment within the syllable. Segments are generally longest in heavily stressed syllables and shortest in syllables without stress. However, the magnitude of accent’s impact on duration varies as a function of syllable position. Duration of the nucleus is heavily affected by stress-accent level—heavily stressed nuclei are, on average, twice as long as their unstressed counterparts, while the duration of the onset is also significantly sensitive to stress, but to a lesser degree. In contrast, stress has relatively little impact on coda duration. This pattern of durational variation suggests that the vocalic nucleus absorbs much of the impact of stress accent and ARTICLE IN PRESS
Parenchymal cell proliferation in coronary arteries after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a human tissue bank study.

Abstract Purpose: Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) remains a limitation of this technique. Arterial wall cell proliferation is a component of restenosis preventable with intravascular brachytherapy. This study attempts to locate the sites of cellular proliferation after PTCA so as to aid the optimization of this therapy. Methods and Materials: Autopsy records from January 1, 1985 through December 31, 1995 were reviewed, and 27 patients who received PTCA prior to death were identified who also had evidence of PTCA on histologic examination of the arterial sections. The sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to detect the proliferating cells in the arterial sections, followed by image analysis to determine the proliferative index (PI) of all regions and layers of the section. Results: The PI did not differ significantly according to vessel region (plaque, plaque shoulder, or portion of vessel wall with lowest plaque burden), vessel layer (intima, media, adventitia), or evidence of prior PTCA. There was a trend toward a higher PI in young lesions. Conclusion: Cell proliferation in the vascular wall after PTCA was found throughout the treated arterial section’s axial plane, not only in the periluminal region.
Estimation of collective instabilities in RHIC

We have estimated the broadband impedance in RHIC to be |Z/n|<1.2 /spl Omega/ for frequencies above 100 MHz. The Z/n threshold is set for Au/sup +79/ ions at transition with an estimated 10% growth in emittance for Z/n=1.5 /spl Omega/. We summarize the sources of broad and narrow band impedances in RHIC and investigate the multibunch instability limits throughout the machine cycle. The largest contribution to the broadband impedance comes from the abort and injection kickers. Since RHIC is designed to accelerate fully stripped ions from H/sup +/ up to Au/sup +79/ we give results for both protons and gold ions; other ions should give results somewhere between these two extremes. All ion species are expected to be stable during storage. At lower energies damping systems and chromaticity corrections will limit any growth to acceptable levels during the short time it takes to inject and accelerate the beams.
Scholarly science policy models and real policy, RSD for SciSIP in US Mission Agencies

Do theories that describe how science and technology policy works accurately characterize programs that aim to contribute to societal benefit? How can the research performed by federal mission agencies contribute to improved decision making? The US Department of Agriculture, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology each have goals of performing research that meets the needs of specific user groups. This analysis examines how institutional factors such as problem definitions, decision-making structures, quality-control mechanisms, distribution of participants, and social accountability guide the production of useful information. This empirical exploration of knowledge production theories fosters an evaluation of existing models of knowledge production, including the linear model, use-inspired basic research, well-ordered science, post-normal science, and Mode 2 science. The ensuing discussion of results concludes that such ideas are either too broad in their prescriptions or not accurately descriptive enough to guide formation of federal research programs that can contribute to usable science and technology products.
Energy deposition studies of block-coil quadrupoles for the LHC luminosity upgrade

At the LHC upgrade luminosity of 1035 cm-2 s-1, collision product power in excess of a kW is deposited in the inner triplet quadrupoles. The quadrupole field sweeps secondary particles from pp-collisions into the superconducting (SC) coils, concentrating the power deposition at the magnetic mid-planes. The local peak power density can substantially exceed the conductor quench limits and reduce component lifetime. Under these conditions, block-coil geometries may result in overall improved performance by removing the superconductor from the magnetic mid-planes and/or allowing increased shielding at such locations. First realistic energy deposition simulations are performed for an interaction region based on block-coil quadrupoles with parameters suitable for the LHC upgrade. Results are presented on distributions of power density and accumulated dose in the inner triplet components as well as on dynamic heat loads on the cryogenic system. Optimization studies are performed on configuration and parameters of the beam pipe, cold bore and cooling channels. The feasibility of the proposed design is discussed.
The sensitivity of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index to dental care

The sensitivity of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) to dental treatment was evaluated using data from a community-based oral health promotion project. Ninety-six subjects completed baseline and twenty-four-month follow-up interviews that included the GOHAI as well as other self-reported measures of oral health. Subjects were predominantly white, female, not currently married, with less than a high school education, and had average age of seventy-six years at baseline. Through the health promotion project, participants were offered low cost diagnostic and preventive services on a sliding fee basis. At twenty-four months, subjects9 records were abstracted regarding the receipt of dental hygiene, transportation, emergency, diagnostic, restorative, and prosthodontic services. Subjects were also asked about dental expenditures in the previous year and the type of dental care received, regardless of the source of care. The mean change in GOHAI scores from baseline to the twenty-four-month interview was 2.2 (std. dev. 6.6) and ranged from -15 to 30. Findings suggest that the GOHAI is sensitive to the provision of dental care, although additional research is needed to understand the impact of various dental services on the individual items of the GOHAI, as well as the overall index score. The potential applications of self-reported oral health outcome measures such as the GOHAI in dental education are discussed.
Co-constructionism* and development: A socio-historic tradition

The term "co-constructionism" is becoming increasingly used in contemporaiy developmental psychology. Its major function is to unify two conceptual domains - constructionism and sociogeneticism - that have been habitually viewed as if they were irreconcilable opposites. Despite respectable history within psychology and muny contemporary tendencies to move psychology in the social constructivist and discursive directions, most of the critical problems of co-constructionist theoretical system remain hostages either to the common language uses of psychologists, or to the methods-dominated imperatives for "empirical research" practices. Co-constructionism as a general orientation rnay make it possible for psychologists to create novel methodologies that might take into account the open-systemic nature of development.
Effects of nitric oxide on horizontal cells in the rabbit retina.

Retinal horizontal cells display large receptive fields as a result of extensive electrical coupling via gap junctions. There is abundant evidence that these gap junctions are dynamically regulated by changes in the adaptational state of the retina. The neuromodulator dopamine appears to play a major role in regulating gap junctional conductances of horizontal cells. Emerging evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) also acts as a neuromodulator in the retina and, more specifically, regulates the coupling between horizontal cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of a nitric oxide, and its secondary messenger cGMP, on electrical and tracer coupling between A-type and between B-type horizontal cells in the rabbit retina. Application of the NO donors S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) significantly reduced the coupling between horizontal cells as evidenced by a decrease in their space constants, annulus-to-small spot response ratios, and the extent of tracer coupling following injection with Neurobiotin. Further, application of SNP eliminated the increase in coupling of horizontal cells normally seen with exposure to dim background illumination. Application of 8-bromo-cGMP produced effects similar to those of the NO donors, consistent with the idea that the uncoupling actions of NO were mediated via a cGMP cascade.
BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED CIRCUITS: COALITION FORMATION IN AGGREGATES

Knowledge of how a hippocampal brain structure works is informative for the design of circuits and architectures of practical use in pattern recognition. A new model for neural membrane dynamics is derived here that is consistent with micro- and nano-circuits, and it is employed to analyze the response of an aggregate of oscillators to common forcing. The result is a pattern of resonant responses that can serve as a basis for comparison in pattern recognition methodologies that we are investigating elsewhere.
The non-H pylori helicobacters: their expanding role in gastrointestinal and systemic diseases

The number of species in the genus Helicobacter has rapidly expanded over the past decade. The genus now includes at least 24 formally named species as well as numerous other helicobacters awaiting formal naming. This review highlights the expanding role that other helicobacters, although not as well known as H pylori, play in gastrointestinal and systemic disease in humans.
Waiting for the next shoe to drop: healthcare reform and academic pediatrics.

Healthcare in the US is in the midst of dramatic reform driven by unsustainable healthcare costs. 1 To maintain the traditional missions of clinical care, research, and education, academic pediatric departments must plan for change. Yet, planning is difficult because along with declining clinical revenue there is an increasing burden of chronic disease, a changing workforce, and decreasing Federal research support. A team from the Department of Pediatrics and Primary Children’s Medical Center addressed these issues using a planning process to establish a likely scenario, and developed a strategic plan and tactics to deliver high value pediatric healthcare while maintaining economic stability. We share these planning and operating models to give other academic pediatric departments and children’s hospitals the perspective of one approach to address a rapidly changing healthcare environment.
The Role of Atomic Hydrogen for Substrate Cleaning for Growth of CdTe Buffer Layers at Reduced Temperatures on Silicon, CdTe, and HgCdTe

Atomic hydrogen is shown to be efficacious for cleaning CdTe and HgCdTe substrates for subsequent CdTe growth by molecular beam epitaxy. While single crystal ZnTe and CdTe growth was obtained on Si substrates that underwent an ex-situ HF-based etch, only polycrystalline CdTe or ZnTe could be obtained on surfaces cleaned using an atomic hydrogen source. This result is possibly related to gas-phase transport of Te to the Si surface.
Non-linearity and temporal changes of fault zone site response associated with strong ground motion

SUMMARY We systematically analyse temporal changes of fault zone (FZ) site response along the Karadere-Dbranch of the North Anatolian fault that ruptured during the 1999 u and Dearthquake sequences. The study is based primarily on spectral ratios of strong motion seismic data recorded by a FZ station and a station ∼400 m away from the fault and augmented by analysis of weak motion records. The observations are used to track non-linear behaviour and temporal changes of the FZ site response. The peak spectral ratio increases 80-150 per cent and the peak frequency drops 20-40 per cent at the time of the D¨ uzce main shock. These co-main shock changes are followed by a logarithmic recovery over an apparent timescale of ∼1 d. However, analysis of temporal changes at each individual station using weak motion waveforms generated by repeating earthquakes show lower-amplitude longer-duration logarithmic recoveries that are not detected by the spectral ratio analysis. The results are con- sistent with a reduction of S-wave velocities in the top 100-300 m during the Dmain shock of 20-50 per cent or more and logarithmic post-main shock recovery on a timescale of 3 months or more. The observations support previous suggestions that non-linear wave propagation effects and temporal changes of seismic properties are generated in the shallow material by strong ground motion of nearby major earthquakes.
Language Modeling with Limited Domain Data

Generic recognition systems contain language models which arerepresentative of a broad corpus. In actual practice, however, recognitionis usually on a coherent text covering a single topic, suggestingthat knowledge of the topic at hand can be used to advantage. A basemodel can be augmented with information from a small sample ofdomain-specific language data to significantly improve recognitionperformance. Good performance may be obtained by merging inonly those n-grams that include words that are out of vocabularywith respect to the base model.
Effects of Mechanically Separated Beef with Various Chloride Salts in Restructured Beef Steaks

The effects of various chloride salts (NaCl, MgCl2, KCl or 65% NaCl + 35% KCl) in combination with mechanically separated beef (MSB at 0, 10 or 20%) on the quality of restructured steaks formulated from bullock chucks were determined. As level of MSB increased, objectionable connective tissue, flavor desirability and overall palatability decreased and off-flavors increased. The development of oxidative rancidity during frozen storage was not affected by MSB level and MSB had little effect on textural traits. NaCl and NaCl + KCl treated steaks received superior flavor and overall palatability ratings over steaks containing MgCl2 or KCl. Oxidative rancidity developed faster in steaks containing NaCl than the other salt types. Partial replacement (35%) of NaCl with KCl resulted in restructured steaks with sensory properties equal to and storage life superior to steaks with NaCl alone.
From singing to speaking: facilitating recovery from nonfluent aphasia

It has been reported for more than 100 years that patients with severe nonfluent aphasia are better at singing lyrics than they are at speaking the same words. This observation led to the development of melodic intonation therapy (MIT). However, the efficacy of this therapy has yet to be substantiated in a randomized controlled trial. Furthermore, its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The two unique components of MIT are the intonation of words and simple phrases using a melodic contour that follows the prosody of speech and the rhythmic tapping of the left hand that accompanies the production of each syllable and serves as a catalyst for fluency. Research has shown that both components are capable of engaging fronto-temporal regions in the right hemisphere, thereby making MIT particularly well suited for patients with large left hemisphere lesions who also suffer from nonfluent aphasia. Recovery from aphasia can happen in two ways: either through the recruitment of perilesional brain regions in the affected hemisphere, with variable recruitment of right-hemispheric regions if the lesion is small, or through the recruitment of homologous language and speech-motor regions in the unaffected hemisphere if the lesion of the affected hemisphere is extensive. Treatment-associated neural changes in patients undergoing MIT indicate that the unique engagement of right-hemispheric structures (e.g., the superior temporal lobe, primary sensorimotor, premotor and inferior frontal gyrus regions) and changes in the connections across these brain regions may be responsible for its therapeutic effect.
IMPACT OF ACIDIFICATION AND EUTROPHICATION ON MACROPHYTE COMMUNITIES IN SOFT WATERS IN THE NETHERLANDS I. FIELD OBSERVATIONS

During the last decades a strong decline has been noticed in the number of waters dominated by “Littorellion” species, mostly isoetids such as Lobelia dortmanna L., Isoetes lacustris L. and Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers. Sixty-eight waters, which were known to be dominated by L. uniflora after 1950 were investigated. In 1980, L. uniflora appeared to be absent or to have strongly decreased in 53 (78%) of the waters. In 41 of them, Littorella had been replaced by submerged Juncus bulbosus L. and/or Sphagnum spp. These changes seem to have been caused by changed inorganic carbon budgets as a consequence of acidification. In the remaining 12 waters, eutrophication of the water and/or sediment seems to be responsible for the changes in the plant communities. Enrichment with phosphate of the mineral sediment alone, leads to luxurious growth of submerged, rooted macrophyte species such as Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC and Ranunculus peltatus Schrank, whereas phosphate-enrichment of both sediment and water leads to luxurious growth of pleustophytes such as Riccia fluitans L. and Lemna minor L. in small, shallow waters, and to plankton bloom and luxurious growth of epiphytes in larger, deeper waters. In these cases light limitation seems to be responsible for the disappearance or decline of the “Littorellion” species.
Fusion energy breakthrough

The physics of harnessing nuclear fusion as a heat source is not well known. No such power generator has been made yet and significant breakthroughs will be necessary before the concept is proven. All such advances in energy research are followed with keen interest by geophysicists. One such breakthrough was made recently at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in experiments with a model Tokamak fusion reactor. The MIT experimental high-field nuclear fusion reactor with the name of Alcator-C experienced a large technological advance when its operating parameters exceeded the socalled “Lawson criterion,” one of the minimum requirements of a successful nuclear fusion power generator. The nuclear fusion of hydrogen to form helium releases heat, but to make such a process workable for a power plant, there must be a sizable efficiency in the ratio of energy input to bring about the reaction to the thermal energy released by the reaction, and even this advance falls far short of the breakeven point. The advance is, however, a great step in the learning curve about fusion magnetohydrodynamic plasma systems.
Nutrition in early life. How important is it

While few would argue the importance of nutrition during adult life, temporary excess or deficiency has typically been thought to be of little long-term consequence. Recent data, summarized above, suggests that this may not be the case during in utero life, when alterations in the quantity or quality of nutrients provided may have life-long consequences. Perhaps even more surprisingly, decisions made in the neonatal period, such as whether to breastfeed or bottle feed, may have impacts on later health that, while small individually, have huge public health implications. Clarification of the links between adult health and fetal/neonatal nutrition are clearly required. Prospective studies, though difficult because of the time involved, will play a key role in this process, as will more basic research on the mechanisms underlying both normal and pathologic fetal development.
Electromagnetic penetration through an inhomogeneously filled slot of arbitrary cross-section

An analysis of an electromagnetic wave penetrating a thick conducting screen through a slot of abitrary cross-section and filled with inhomogeneous material is presented. The method of analysis is the newly developed Fourier transform path integral numerical scattering technique, which is remarkably simple to implement but general in application. Scattered and transmitted field results are given for several slot cross-sectional shapes containing a variety of inhomogeneous dielectric plugs. >
On inequalities in constrained random variables

A unified treatment allows an inequality due to Mallows and an inequality due to Slepian to be generalized
Law, Politics, and the Question of Relevance in the Case On the Crown

This paper seeks to give a more precise grounding to the question of relevance in Athenian forensic argument with a specific focus on the speeches delivered by Aeschines and Demosthenes in the case On the Crown. I argue that in Athenian litigation relevance can be determined quite precisely by the specific terms of the accusation, and that the litigants are well aware of this standard and take care to make their arguments relevant or to justify them if they may appear to be “outside the issue.” Because all the issues specified in the accusation are legally relevant, the distinction commonly drawn between legal and political arguments has no place in a discussion of relevance. The effect of this rule of relevance, I argue, is not to promote fairness but to increase the advantage enjoyed by the plaintiff. I conclude with a few observations on the Athenian view of law which, I suggest, was considerably broader than ours.
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)

The following topics are dealt with: MEMS fundamentals; MEMS fabrication technology; MEMS market and industry structure; defense applications; investment assessment; inertial measurement devices; multiple device chips; optical MEMS components; monolithic free-space optical disk pickup head; digital micromirror display; optomechanical displays; environmental monitoring sensors; wireless integrated microsensors; tactical remote sensors; mass spectrograph; miniature analytical instrumentation; microdisk arrays for data storage; multi-user MEMS projects; electronic design aids; fluid flow analysis; and MEMS technology trends.
Metric-based software reliability prediction approach and its application

This paper proposes a software reliability prediction approach based on software metrics. Metrics measurement results are connected to quantitative reliability predictions through defect information and consideration of the operational environments. An application of the proposed approach to a safety critical software deployed in a nuclear power plant is discussed. Results show that the proposed prediction approach could be applied using a variety of software metrics at different stages of the software development life cycle and could be used as an indicator of software quality. Therefore the approach could also guide the development process and help make design decisions. Experiences and lessons learned from the application are also discussed.
Benign osteoid-producing bone lesions: Update on imaging and treatment

Benign osteoid-producing osseous tumors are frequently encountered in a typical musculoskeletal radiology practice. Enostoses are extremely common, but osteomas, osteoid osteomas, and osteoblastomas are diagnosed less often. A thorough discussion of the typical clinical presentation, histology, imaging findings, treatment and prognosis for each tumor is provided, with particular emphasis on more current imaging techniques and treatments.
Design and performance analysis of secure and dependable cybercars: A steer-by-wire case study

The next generation of automobiles (also known as cybercars) will increasingly incorporate electronic control units (ECUs) in novel automotive control applications. Recent work has demonstrated vulnerability of modern car control systems to security attacks that directly impact the cybercar's physical safety and dependability. In this paper, we provide an integrated approach for the design of secure and dependable cybercars using a case study: a steer-by-wire (SBW) application over controller area network (CAN). The challenge is to embed both security and dependability over CAN while ensuring that the real-time constraints of the cybercar applications are not violated. Our approach enables early design feasibility analysis by embedding essential security primitives (i.e., confidentiality, integrity, and authentication) over CAN subject to the real-time constraints imposed by the desired quality of service and behavioral reliability. Our method leverages multi-core ECUs for providing fault-tolerance by redundant multi-threading (RMT) and also further enhances RMT for quick error detection. We quantify the error resilience of our approach and evaluate the interplay of performance, fault-tolerance, security, and scalability for our SBW case study.
Ion Chromatographic Determination of Iodine in Iodized Salt

[Objective]To study the determination of iodine in iodized salt by ion chromatographic(IC).[Methods]Iodate was reduced into I-by ascorbic acid,The separation was carried out on IonPac AS 19 column.External standard method was used.[Results]The linear range was 5～100 mg/kg;correlation coefficient r=0.999 9;the detection limit was 0.9 mg/kg.[Conclusion]This method is simple,rapid,and suitable for the determination of iodine in iodized salt.