cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Index Codes for Multibiometric Pattern Retrieval

In a biometric identification system, the identity corresponding to the input data (probe) is typically determined by comparing it against the templates of all identities in a database (gallery). Exhaustive matching against a large number of identities increases the response time of the system and may also reduce the accuracy of identification. One way to reduce the response time is by designing biometric templates that allow for rapid matching, as in the case of IrisCodes. An alternative approach is to limit the number of identities against which matching is performed based on criteria that are fast to evaluate. We propose a method for generating fixed-length codes for indexing biometric databases. An index code is constructed by computing match scores between a biometric image and a fixed set of reference images. Candidate identities are retrieved based on the similarity between the index code of the probe image and those of the identities in the database. The proposed technique can be easily extended to retrieve pertinent identities from multimodal databases. Experiments on a chimeric face and fingerprint bimodal database resulted in an 84% average reduction in the search space at a hit rate of 100%. These results suggest that the proposed indexing scheme has the potential to substantially reduce the response time without compromising the accuracy of identification.
Structure of giant muscle proteins.

Giant muscle proteins (e.g. titin, nebulin, and obscurin) play a seminal role in muscle elasticity, stretch response, and sarcomeric organization. Each giant protein consists of multiple tandem structural domains, usually arranged in a modular fashion ranging from 500 kDa to 4 MDa. Although many of the domains are similar in structure, subtle differences create a unique function of each domain. Recent high and low resolution structural and dynamic studies now suggest more nuanced overall protein structures than previously realized. These findings show that atomic structure, interactions between tandem domains, and intrasarcomeric environment all influence the shape, motion, and therefore function of giant proteins. In this article we will review the current understanding of titin, obscurin, and nebulin structure, from the atomic level through the molecular level.
BIOGENIC AMINES FORMATION IN SARDINE MARINADE DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE

ABSTRACT Biogenic amines (tyramine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, spermidine, spermine) in sardine marinade were investigated. Sardine were beheaded, gutted, filleted, washed and marinated by immersing the fish into solutions containing 2 and 4% acetic acid and 10% NaCl for 24 h. Biogenic amine content, sensory scores and pH values of marinated sardine were recorded during the storage at 4C for up to 5 months. Biogenic amine content in marinated sardine was higher than in raw material. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in biogenic amine content between acetic acid concentra- tions of 2% and 4% just afer marinating. Initial values of biogenic amines in marinade with 4% acetic acid were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those in marinade with 2% acetic acid. The contents of tyramine, putrescine and histamine in sardine marinade decreased in the first 2-3 months of storage, followed by continuous increase up to 5 months of the storage. Afer decrease in the first month, cadaverine level did not significantly change. According to results, the marination process influences biogenic amine accumulation.
Advances in Pediatric Glaucoma

Pediatric glaucoma encompasses a group of diseases which, if untreated, can lead to blindness at an early age. Unlike adult glaucoma, the treatment of pediatric glaucoma is generally surgical. Primary congenital (infantile) glaucoma usually responds well to goni-otomy or trabeculotomy surgery. However other forms of pediatric glaucoma frequently do not respond as well as primary congenital glaucoma to surgical tnerapy. iraDecuiectomy wnn adjunctive mitomycin and aqueous shunt devices provide improved surgical alternatives for complex or refractory pediatric glaucoma. Early diagnosis, appropriate glaucoma therapy, and treatment of amblyopia are critical to the development and maintenance of good visual acuity in pediatric glaucoma patients.
Voluntary Disclosure, Manipulation and Real Effects

We study a model in which managers' disclosure and investment decisions are both endogenous and managers can manipulate their voluntary reports through (suboptimal) investment, financing or operating decisions. Managers are privately informed about the value of their firm and have incentives to voluntarily disclose information and manipulate their reports in order to obtain more favorable terms when issuing equity to finance a new profitable investment opportunity. The model shows that treating managers' disclosure and investment decisions both as endogenous and allowing managers to manipulate their voluntary reports yields qualitatively different predictions than when the disclosure and investment decisions are considered separately and managers cannot engage in manipulation. The model predicts that managers' disclosure strategy is sometimes characterized by two distinct non-disclosure intervals (contrary to traditional threshold equilibria of voluntary disclosure models) and that managers with intermediate news sometimes forego the new profitable investment opportunity (in contrast to Myers and Majluf 1984). As such, the paper highlights the importance of considering the interdependencies between firms' disclosure and investment decisions and provides new empirical predictions.
Ventral and dorsolateral regions of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) control different stages of defensive behavior: Dorsolateral PAG lesions enhance the defensive freezing produced by massed and immediate shock

Rats that receive nociceptive electric shock in an environment normally show the conditional fear-induced defensive response of freezing when returned to that environment. If several electric shocks are given in a massed manner they will condition less freezing than the same shocks given in a distributed manner. If a single shock is given immediately after placement in the chamber it does not support any conditioning, although the same shock given after a brief delay does. Electrolytic lesions of the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (PAG), which damaged dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and lateral PAG, enhanced freezing under these conditions. Lesions of the ventral PAG, which caused extensive damage to the central gray below the aqueduct, reduced conditioning under the more optimal parameters (distributed or delayed shock). This was taken to indicate that both of these regions support different modes of defensive behavior and that when activated, the dorsolateral PAG inbits conditional fear-induced defensive behavior. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Large-scale label-free quantitative proteomics of the pea aphid-Buchnera symbiosis

Many insects are nutritionally dependent on symbiotic microorganisms that have tiny genomes and are housed in specialized host cells called bacteriocytes. The obligate symbiosis between the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and the γ-proteobacterium Buchnera aphidicola (only 584 predicted proteins) is particularly amenable for molecular analysis because the genomes of both partners have been sequenced. To better define the symbiotic relationship between this aphid and Buchnera, we used large-scale, high accuracy tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-LTQ-Orbtrap) to identify aphid and Buchnera proteins in the whole aphid body, purified bacteriocytes, isolated Buchnera cells and the residual bacteriocyte fraction. More than 1900 aphid and 400 Buchnera proteins were identified. All enzymes in amino acid metabolism annotated in the Buchnera genome were detected, reflecting the high (68%) coverage of the proteome and supporting the core function of Buchnera in the aphid symbiosis. Transporters mediating the transport of predicted metabolites were present in the bacteriocyte. Label-free spectral counting combined with hierarchical clustering, allowed to define the quantitative distribution of a subset of these proteins across both symbiotic partners, yielding no evidence for the selective transfer of protein among the partners in either direction. This is the first quantitative proteome analysis of bacteriocyte symbiosis, providing a wealth of information about molecular function of both the host cell and bacterial symbiont.
Observation of an oxygen isotope effect in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7

A small decrease in T/sub c/ of 0.3 K to 0.5 K is observed when as much as 90% of the /sup 16/O in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ is substituted with /sup 18/O. This result is consistent with our observation that there is an oxygen isotope effect in La/sub 1.85/Sr/sub 0.15/CuO/sub 4/, but in contrast with previous reports that there is no isotope effect for YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/. This new result suggests that phonons play an important role in the electron-pairing mechanism in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/.
Recent theoretical progress in nanoplasmonics

We consider fundamentals and latest theoretical developments in the theoretical nanoplasmonics. Both fundamentals and recent developments such as SPASER and active nanoplasmonics are within the scope. We will also briefly review recent experimental data.
Amplitude-Only and Phase-Only Holograms

A theoretical basis for phase-only and amplitude-only holography is developed. A criterion is found for the range of wave lengths within which phase-only holograms yield satisfactorily reconstructed images in the Fraunhoffer diffraction region.
How the Merits Matter: D&O Insurance and Securities Settlements

This Article seeks what may be the holy grail of securities law scholarship - the role of the "merits" in securities class actions - by investigating the relationship between settlements and D&O insurance. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with plaintiffs' and defense lawyers, D&O claims managers, monitoring counsel, brokers, mediators, and testifying experts, we elucidate the key factors influencing settlement and examine the relationship between these factors and notions of merit in civil litigation. We find that, although securities settlements are influenced by some factors that are arguably merit-related, such as the sex appeal of a claim's liability elements, they are also influenced by many that are not, including, most obviously, the amount and structure of D&O insurance. The virtual absence of adjudication results in payment to the plaintiffs' class for every claim surviving the motions stage and, as importantly, a lack of authoritative guidance about merit at settlement. Without such adjudication, the weight of various factual patterns is untested, and the validity of competing damages models remains unknown. Parties structure their settlement by reference to other settlements, but these are opaque and subject to the same set of distortions. In this murky environment, plaintiffs and defendants collude to pressure the D&O insurer to settle on terms that may not reflect the ultimate merits of the claim. More adjudication, we argue, would be the best solution to the problem, but barring that, disclosure of D&O insurance and settlement terms would offer some improvement.
Time-Frequency Kernel Design for Sparse Joint-Variable Signal Representations

Highly localized quadratic time-frequency distributions cast nonstationary signals as sparse in the joint-variable representations. The linear model relating the ambiguity domain and time-frequency domain permits the application of sparse signal reconstruction techniques to yield highresolution time-frequency representations. In this paper, we design signal-dependent kernels that enable the resulting time-frequency distribution to meet the two objectives of reduced cross-term interference and increased sparsity. It is shown that, for random undersampling schemes, the new adaptive kernel is superior to traditional reduced interference distribution kernels.
The Anabolic Effects of Pituitary Growth Hormone

During the past 10 years many of the details of the molecular mechanism involved in the process of protein synthesis and its control have been revealed. This advance in our understanding of the fundamental process which underwrites the growth of cells has made possible an extensive study of the mechanism of the anabolic action of pituitary growth hormone. The following will be a brief review of our present understanding of the sequence of events which occurs when target cells interact with growth hormone. In the main, the review will deal primarily with the action of growth hormone on skeletal muscle. It should be noted, however, that much recent work has been devoted to defining the mechanism of action of growth hormone on the liver. In instances where comparisons can be made, there appears to be a basic similarity in the mode of action of the hormone on both types of tissue.
Gender identity, sex, and school performance

L'auteur tente d'expliquer pourquoi l'on constate des effets differentiels du sexe sur la performance scolaire a l'aide d'une enquete menee sur 1688 sujets âges de 11 a 13 ans. Les resultats montrent que l'explication a priori fournie jusqu'alors (differences dans l'identification au role sexuel) repose sur des bases empiriques serieuses mais que cette explication n'est pas suffisante
Black Widow Antivenin Production in Rabbits

ConclusionsRabbits produce black-widow antivenin which, taking into account the shorter injection period and the relatively small number of spiders necessary, compares reasonably well with that produced in the sheep. This finding may be of importance in the production of antivenin commercially, where only small amounts of readily available serum are desired.
607 Which T-Cell Crossmatch Method Best Predicts Allograft Loss in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients?

Purpose: Several methods are currently available for performing a T-cell crossmatch (CM). No national cohort studies have explored the relationship between T-cell CM, CM methodology, and allograft survival after pediatric heart transplantation. Methods and Materials: All children 18 years old transplanted between 1/1999 and 12/2010 with an interpretable T-cell CM result, either by compliment dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) or flow cytometry, were identified using OPTN data. Children with a CDC-positive CM (N 83) and those with a CDC-neg/flow-pos CM (N 37) were compared with CDCneg/flow-neg controls (N 1225). Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to identify multivariable risk factors for time to graft loss. Results: During the past decade, utilization of CDC-CM has decreased significantly whereas the use of flow CM has increased (both P 0.01). Currently 1 in 10 pediatric heart transplants are performed in the context of a positive T-cell CM. Compared to CDC-neg/flow-neg controls, patients with a CDC-pos CM were more likely to be listed UNOS status 1A, have a pre-transplant diagnosis of congenital heart disease or re-transplant, and have a positive PRA (both class I and II). Utilization of pre-transplant mechanical circulatory support was not associated with CM result. CDCpos CM was associated with an increased prevalence of treated allograft rejection by 1 year compared to CDC-neg/flow-pos patients and CMnegative patients (48% vs. 19% and 23%; P 0.001). In multivariable analysis, patients with a CDC-pos CM were more likely to have graft loss than controls (HR 1.9; CI 1.3-2.6) while those with a CDC-neg/flow-neg CM did not show increased risk (HR 0.9; CI 0.4-2.0). Conclusions: Amongst a population of pediatric heart transplant recipients, CDC-pos T-cell CM was strongly associated with an increased risk of death or allograft loss. While the utilization of flow based assays has become more common, a positive flow CM may perform less well in identifying patients at risk for graft loss than the traditional CDC method.
Pulmonary Hemorrhage Model of Neonatal Rats and Its Clinical Significance

Objective To establish the pulmonary hemorrhage model in neonatal rats, which corresponds with the clinical etiology, and to explore its clinical significance. Methods Forty 4-7 day newborn Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: one control group (Group A) and three hypothermia hypoxia groups. Group A rats were placed in an environment of 25℃, and the three hypothermia hypoxia groups were put into an organic glass box, the oxygen concentration of which was 5%-6%. The box was put into a refrigerator of (10±1)℃. According to the time of refrigeration, the rats were assigned into 1 h, 2 h and 4 h hypothermia hypoxia groups (Group B, Group C and Group D, respectively). They were taken out of the refrigerator after 1 h, 2 h and 4 h respectively and then were put into the organic water bath box within which the oxygen concentration remained 99.5% -100% for 2 h. After the rats were sacrificed, the degree of pulmonary hemorrhage was observed and then the gross anatomical findings were divided into five grades: Grade Ⅰ (normal lung), Grade Ⅱ (pulmonary edema), Grade Ⅲ (spotty pulmonary hemorrhage), Grade Ⅳ (local pulmonary hemorrhage) and Grade Ⅴ (diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage). Results ①There was no difference in the rectal temperature of the four groups before applying hypothermia, before rewarming and after rewarming. ②The pathologic changes of the lungs in Group A revealed Grade Ⅰ, Grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ in Group B, Grade Ⅰ-Ⅴ in Group C and Grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ in Group D. By the RIDIT analysis, a significant difference was found between Group C and Group D and between Group D and Group A, Group B or Group C (P 0.05 or 0.01 ). ③Under the light and electron microscope, red blood cells were found in alveoli of the Grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ rats; the damage or breakage of the capillary basal membrane appeared in Grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ rats. These changes were found to correspond with the pathologic changes of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage. Conclusions The pulmonary hemorrhage model of neonatal rats, which corresponds to clinical etiology, can be established with 7 day newborn rats by rewarming and reoxygenating following hypothermia and hypoxia. The best effect comes from the group of hypothermia hypoxia for 4 h.
Open-Access Geographic Data for the Argali Habitat in the Southeastern Tajik Pamirs

Seven Geographic Information System (GIS) layers comprise this dataset intended for understanding the Marco Polo argali habitat in the southeastern Tajikistan Pamirs (37°33′ N, 74°09′ E). Extensive remote sensing habitat data processing and field data analysis of the Marco Polo sheep study area have yielded these layers that are now available online to download and for use by other researchers interested in studying the argali patterns and habitat suitability in the southeastern Tajik Pamirs. It is important to note that the layers were generated using a 30-m Landsat ETM image and field data from 2012.
An empirical examination of U.S. travelers’ intentions to use biometric e-gates in airports

The current air travel security challenges call for innovative solutions. Among those solutions, biometric e-gates allow security agencies to allocate their resources efficiently while making travel more fluid in sensitive areas of airports. Using data from a nationwide sample of U.S. air travelers, this study constructed and validated empirically a conceptual model explaining travelers’ intentions to use biometric e-gates in airports. It was found that performance and effort expectancy had the highest impacts, while privacy concerns had low impacts on intentions. Several implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Leaders against all odds: Women victims of conflict in Colombia

In the current high-profile conflict within Colombia, women account for the majority of civilian victims. It has been argued that the inclusion of women in peace-building processes may help increase the scope and sustainability of the subsequently achieved peace. However, most women victims of conflict (WVCs) achieve public visibility simply because of their suffering, not because of their potential as sources, initiators and agents of peace. In contrast, this article argues that WVCs represent a hitherto uncharted piece of the peace-building puzzle. In particular, this study explores the ways in which some WVCs are overcoming their own victimhood and emerging as leaders in peace-building, despite the significant personal risks associated with the on-going violence: who better to help heal and empower victims and reconcile society than those who have suffered trauma themselves—and risen above it? The article draws its primary evidence from extensive personal interviews, ethnographic work and data on women victims in Colombia. Against all odds, these unsung WVC leaders have proven to be powerful agents of change: capable of healing, empowering and even reconciling broader society. This article is published as part of a thematic collection on multi- and interdisciplinary perspectives on gender studies.
Toward Sustainable Synthesis of PA12 (Nylon-12) Precursor from Oleic Acid Using Ring-Closing Metathesis

The efficient reaction conditions for ring-closing metathesis of homoallyloleamide (2) for the synthesis of PA12 (Nylon-12) precursor (4) are presented. Systematic screening of a series of commercially available metathesis catalysts identified a catalyst that promotes the reaction at low temperature (60 °C), enabling use of nonhalogenated solvents, ethyl acetate and hexanes. The catalyst was adsorbed on mesoporous silica gel to aid its postreaction recovery and reuse, which was demonstrated in hexanes up to three cycles without significant loss of reaction conversion (>90%). The identification of reaction-compatible green solvents as well as the demonstration of the potential for recycling of the supported catalyst are steps further toward establishing environmentally sustainable production of the polyamide precursors from oleic acid.
Do Certificate-of-Need Laws Limit Spending?

In 35 states, certificate-of-need (CON) laws in health care restrict the supply of medical services. These regulations require providers hoping to open a new healthcare facility, expand an existing facility, or purchase certain medical equipment such as an MRI machine or a hospital bed to first prove to a regulatory body that their community needs the service in question. The approval process can be time consuming and expensive, and it offers incumbent providers an opportunity to oppose the entrance of new competitors. However, it was originally hoped that these laws would, among other things, reduce healthcare price inflation. In this brief, I review the basic economic theory of a supply restriction like CON, then summarize four decades of empirical research on the effect of CON on healthcare spending. There is no evidence that CON regulations limit healthcare price inflation and little evidence that they reduce healthcare spending. In fact, the balance of evidence suggests that CON laws are associated with higher per-unit costs and higher total healthcare spending.
Designing Autonomy: Opportunities for New Wildness in the Anthropocene

Maintaining wild places increasingly involves intensive human interventions. Several recent projects use semi-automated mediating technologies to enact conservation and restoration actions, including re-seeding and invasive species eradication. Could a deep-learning system sustain the autonomy of nonhuman ecological processes at designated sites without direct human interventions? We explore here the prospects for automated curation of wild places, as well as the technical and ethical questions that such co-creation poses for ecologists, conservationists, and designers. Our goal is to foster innovative approaches to creating and maintaining the autonomy of evolving ecological systems.
Interprofessional education involving medical and pharmacy students during transitions of care.

ABSTRACTThe transition of care from hospital to home is susceptible to clinical errors and adverse drug events. Despite this risk and the benefits of an interprofessional approach to patient care, medicine and pharmacy do not often collaborate during transitions of care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an interprofessional education experience consisting of medical and pharmacy students performing transitions of care. A total of 88 students (13 pharmacy students and 75 medical students) participated and were surveyed before and after the experience, to evaluate their confidence in performing aspects of the transition of care process as well as their attitudes towards interprofessional care. Pharmacy students had higher baseline levels of confidence compared with the medical students, and both student groups revealed a significantly greater level of confidence in their abilities after the experience. The impact of the experience on students’ attitudes towards interprofessional care ...
The Concept of Exile in Late Second Temple Judaism: A Review of Recent Scholarship:

Before Wright published the first two volumes of his Christian Origins and the Question of God series (1992; 1996) the discussion concerning late Second Temple Jewish concepts of exile was a quiet ...
Relationships among patient-level factors, religious coping, use of complementary and alternative medicine, and psychological outcomes in men with advanced cancer

e20652 Background: Religious coping and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are two resources frequently used to manage distress associated with advanced cancer. However, the relationships among these coping strategies and psychological outcomes in men with advanced cancer are not well studied. We hypothesized that patient-level factors (e.g., demographics, personality) would predict religious coping and CAM use, which would then predict psychological outcomes. Methods: 81 men with advanced cancer were recruited from oncology clinics for this cross-sectional study. Patients completed surveys which included demographic questions, personality measures (Adult Hope Scale, Life Orientation Test-Revised), CAM use, religious coping (Brief R-COPE), and psychological outcomes (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory). Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic growth as the criterion variables. Results: Higher anxiety scores ...
The Resistive-Wall Instability in Multipulse Linear Induction Accelerators

The resistive-wall instability results from the Lorentz force on the beam due to the beam image charge and current. If the beam pipe is perfectly conducting, the electric force due to the image charge attracts the beam to the pipe wall, and the magnetic force due to the image current repels the beam from the wall. For a relativistic beam, these forces almost cancel, leaving a slight attractive force, which is easily overcome by external magnetic focusing. However, if the beam pipe is not perfectly conducting, the magnetic field due to the image current decays on a magnetic-diffusion time scale. If the beam pulse is longer than the magnetic diffusion time, the repulsion of the beam tail will be weaker than the repulsion of the beam head. In the absence of an external focusing force, this causes a head-to-tail sweep of the beam toward the wall. This instability is usually thought to be a concern only for long-pulse relativistic electron beams. However, with the advent of multipulse, high current linear induction accelerators, the possibility of pulse-to-pulse coupling of this instability should be investigated. We have explored pulse-to-pulse coupling using the linear accelerator model for Dual Axis Radiography for Hydrodynamic Testing beam dynamics code, and we present the results of this paper.
Controversies in Pathology

W this issue, the Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine inaugurates a new section called ‘‘Controversies in Pathology.’’ Under this heading we will publish articles that express the personal opinions of recognized investigators on scientific subjects within their expertise. Our hope is that these opinions will generate the type of debates that lead to learned discussions and, in the end, will educate our readers. The great philosophers Plato and John Milton had already recognized the value of opinions and controversies centuries ago (vide supra). The first article, ‘‘Regression of Human Cirrhosis: Morphologic Features and the Genesis of Incomplete Septal Cirrhosis,’’ is authored by Ian R. Wanless, Eisuke Nakashima, and Morris Sherman.1 In their article, Wanless and colleagues describe a patient with cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B virus infection, who underwent apparent regression of the cirrhosis as a result of lamivudine treatment. Encouraged by the outcome, the
Further Evaluation of Animal Systemic Insecticides, 1964

Results of screening tests of 5 candidate materials are presented. In the screening test, larvae of the secondary screw-worm, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), and of the black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen), have replaced larvae of the screw-worm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Guinea pigs infested with all 3 species were treated with 5 systemic insecticides. Results indicated that larvae of the secondary screw-worm and black blow fly are not so susceptible to systemic insecticides as screw-worm larvae, but can be used in the screening program. Results of tests with 17 insecticides administered to Government-owned cattle for control of cattle grubs, Hypoderma spp., are presented. Treatments highly effective against cattle grubs were: Bayer 37341 ( O,O -diethyl O-[4- (methylthio) -3,5-xylyl] phosphorothioate), as a pour-on of 250 ml/head of 2% in oil or in feed at 1 mg/kg/day for 10 days; Bayer 37342 ( O,O -dimethyl O-[4-(methylthio) -3,5-xylyl] phosphorothioate), in feed at 2.5 mg/kg/ day for 10 days; coumaphos (11.6% emulsifiable concentrate) as a pour-on of 250 ml/head of 2% in oil; Famophos ( O-p - (dimethylsulfamoyl) phenyl O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate), as a pour-on of 100 ml/head of 16.7% or 55 ml/head of 12.5% and in feed at 5 mg/kg/day for 10 days; Imidan® ( O,O -dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate), as a pour-on of 65 ml/head of 2% in oil, an intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg, or a 0.25% spray; Stauffer R-3828 ( S - (p-chlorophenyl) phenylmethyl 0,0 -diethyl phosphorodithioate) at 25 mg/kg by capsule; and trichlorfon as a 0.25% spray.
High-Pressure γ-CaMgSi2O6: Does Penta-Coordinated Silicon Exist in the Earth's Mantle?

In situ X-ray diffraction experiments with natural Fe- and Al- bearing diopside single crystals and density functional theory (DFT) calculations on diopside end-member composition indicate the existence of a new high-pressure γ-diopside polymorph with rare penta-coordinated silicon. On compression α-diopside transforms to the γ-phase at ∼ 50 GPa, which in turn, on decompression is observed to convert to the known β-phase below 47 GPa. The new γ-diopside polymorph constitutes another recent example of penta-coordinated silicon (VSi) in over-compressed metastable crystalline silicates, suggesting that VSi may exist in the transition zone and the uppermost lower mantle in appreciable quantities, not only in silicate glass and melts, but also in crystalline phases contained in the coldest parts of subducted stagnant slabs. VSi may have significant influences on buoyancy, wave velocity anomalies, deformation mechanisms, chemical reactivity of silicate rocks and seismicity within the slab.
TGFβ Signaling Pathways and Human Diseases

Recent progress in deciphering the TGFβ pathway has uncovered a new signaling molecule, the Smads, and with this finding now gives us insights into how TGFβ-like signals are transmitted from outside the cell to the nucleus. As we learn more about how TGFβ regulates normal development, we also are gaining insights into diseases that are caused by mis-regulation or mutation of various components of the signaling pathways.
Hepatobiliary Imaging by MDCT

Hepatobiliary imaging by computed tomography (CT) has advanced impressively since the introduction of multidetector CT (MDCT) scanners in the late 1990s. Over the last few years, the number of detector rows has increased progressively from four, to eight, to 16, and then up to 64. Two important advantages of MDCT are the routine use of thinner, submillimeter sections, which yield higher spatial resolution, along the Z-axis and decrease in gantry rotation time, which result in a significantly reduced scan time. Sixteen-, 32- and 64-slice scanners allow the acquisition of data sets with nearly isotropic voxels for multiplanar imaging (e.g., coronal and sagittal plane), which has similar spatial resolution compared with axial planes. These off-axis reformations are particularly helpful for evaluating the hepatic vascular anatomy, the biliary system, and the segmental distribution of hepatic lesions. Since thin-section collination also reduces partial volume averaging, sensitivity and specificity for detecting and characterizing increases, especially for small focal hepatic lesions, whether benign or malignant.
Academic Risk Among Inner-City Adolescents: The Role of Personal Attributes

In this 3-year prospective study, we explored antecedents of school-based adjustment among 134 inner-city high-school students. We examined the role of freshman-year risk and protective factors in relation to dropout status and senior-year adjustment indices among those who remained in school, including academic performance, psychological symptoms, and drug use. Although each single attribute included in this study has been linked to poor academic performance in previous investigations, the primary goal in this study was to determine which attributes were strongly related to academic problems when considered together. In addition, we sought to establish whether risk factors associated with dropout were the same as those that predicted academic problems among students who remained in school. Findings indicated that freshman-year attendance and demographic indices were most strongly predictive of dropout. Among adolescents who remained in school, freshman academic success was robustly linked to senior-year competence. Implications for identifying inner-city high-school students at high risk for academic problems are discussed.
Abstract 4102: Surgical imaging of pancreatic cancer using near infrared fluorescent hyaluronic acid nanomaterials

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an overall 5-year survival rate for all patients of approximately 7.1%. Surgery only increases the long-term survival rate of PDAC to 12.1%. Survival could potentially be increased with better detection of pancreatic cancer during surgical resection by improved margin detection, more effective debulking of disseminated disease, and earlier detection. In this work, we utilized nanoparticle formulations of the near infrared fluorophore indocyanine green (ICG) to provide optical detection of pancreatic tumors in an orthotopic, syngeneic mouse model of PDAC. Methods: ICG was physico-chemically entrapped nanoparticles derived from amphiphilic hyaluronic acid, termed NanoICG and compared to ICG alone. Cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity of the imaging agents were determined by in vitro methods, while blood biochemistry, cell counts, and toxicological pathology, were examined in vivo. The ability to detect PDAC was determined in PDAC cells originating from KPC mice that were implanted orthotopically into syngeneic C57 mice. Contrast enhancement was determined using a combination of image-guided surgery systems and whole animal imaging systems. Results: Neither Empty NP of NanoICG affected metabolic activity toward healthy pancreatic epithelial or pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells and NanoICG displayed did not have capacity to act as a chemoattractant. In vivo, NanoICG (normalized to maximum allowed ICG dose) did not alter blood biochemical markers including HGB, ALB, ALP, ALT, AMY, BUN, GLOB, and TP or cell counts including, WBC, RBC, PLT, or HCT. Histological examination showed no toxicity related to the administration of contrast agents in liver, lung, spleen, or kidneys. In the syngeneic, orthotopic PDAC model, NanoICG accumulated significantly within the pancreas and had a 2.1-fold stronger signal compared to ICG alone. Considering contrast within PDAC compared to uninvolved healthy pancreas, NanoICG was 2.34-fold stronger (P Conclusions: NanoICG exhibited improved efficacy at detecting pancreatic tumors in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer model with negligible NP-derived toxicity, which shows NanoICG as a promising agent in pancreatic tumor diagnosis and surgical resection. Further research is being performed to minimize clearance organ uptake. Citation Format: Bowen Qi, Ayrianne Crawford, Samuel Cohen, Michael Hollingsworth, Aaron M. Mohs. Surgical imaging of pancreatic cancer using near infrared fluorescent hyaluronic acid nanomaterials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4102.
The Sensing Bridge Between Perceptuomotor Experience and Scientific Investigation

How can computational media support young learners to collect and model measurement data from their lived and contextualized experiences in the classroom? While Tinker and Papert [1] discussed children's use of electronic sensors in scientific inquiry as early as the 1980s, children rarely have opportunity to create sensing devices that interact with real-time computational models as part of the science curriculum. I present a prototype of a heart rate system that integrates littleBits electronic building blocks [2] with the NetLogo modeling platform [3]. This is a proof-of-concept design for what it might look like for children and K-8 teachers to have greater agency in using sensors to collect and model perceptuomotor information that could otherwise be difficult to measure or represent.
Hierarchical Hidden Markov models enable accurate and diverse detection of antimicrobial resistance sequences

The characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes from high-throughput sequencing data has become foundational in public health research and regulation. This requires mapping sequence reads to databases of known antimicrobial resistance genes to determine the genes present in the sample. Mapping sequence reads to known genes is traditionally accomplished using alignment. Alignment methods have high specificity but are limited in their ability to detect sequences that are divergent from the reference database, which can result in a substantial false negative rate. We address this shortcoming through the creation of Meta-MARC, which enables detection of diverse resistance sequences using hierarchical, DNA-based Hidden Markov Models. We first describe Meta-MARC and then demonstrate its efficacy on simulated and functional metagenomic datasets. Meta-MARC has higher sensitivity relative to competing methods. This sensitivity allows for detection of sequences that are divergent from known antimicrobial resistance genes. This functionality is imperative to expanding existing antimicrobial gene databases. Steven Lakin et al. present Meta-MARC, a computational method for identifying antimicrobial resistance sequences using DNA-based Hidden Markov Models. Because of its increased sensitivity, Meta-MARC is able to detect novel antimicrobial resistance sequences that are divergent from all known sequences.
The Cancer Genome Atlas: Integrated analysis of genome alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

6009 Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a leading cause of cancer death in worldwide. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is conducting DNA, RNA and miRNA sequencing a...
Differentiated Information Flows: Social Media Curation Practices in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Elections

Digital media enable political actors to engage in strategic information curation. This study analyzes the linking practices of U.S. presidential candidates running in the 2016 election. Using exploratory data analysis and confirmatory tests of hyperlinked domains, we find that presidential candidates curate information flows that are distinct by party and even within party. Though candidates in both parties share a common set of links primarily via mainstream media outlets, Republican candidates also link to a set of news and information sites that their Democratic counterparts do not link to, and vice versa. Republican candidates have distinct hyperlinking practices during the surfacing and primary stages of the election cycle relative to other Republican candidates, suggesting that just as candidates differentiate themselves in terms of issue ownership, they also do so in terms of information ownership. Finally, the candidates use Twitter and Facebook differently in terms of the frequency of links and the diversity of those links.
Assessing the Relationship Between Leadership Styles and Job Satisfaction

The United States workforce is in a period of transition. In April 2020, more than 20 million U.S. workers were out of work. As the economy seeks to reboot, organizations will have to prioritize how they rebuild their workforces. Prior to the global pandemic, there was nearly unprecedented low unemployment within the United States. Firms were constantly seeking ways to stabilize turnover within their organizations to achieve a competitive advantage. This research was conducted to analyze the impact leadership style has on employee job satisfaction. Surveys were collected to determine if there were significant differences in the perceived leadership styles within the industry, a relationship between leadership and job satisfaction, and identify a monetary threshold for which employees would quit. A hybrid of the Vannsimpco Leadership Survey (VLS) and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was administered to the 92 survey respondents. A single factor, one-way ANOVA was conducted to analyze the participants’ responses to the survey. The ANOVA calculations revealed a significant difference among the nine leadership styles ( F [8, 819] = 12.36, p < .001). A Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test was used to test for significance between the means and found significance in 14 of the 36 pairs.
Cripping Kairos: The Risky Rhetorical Performance of Autism Disclosure for the College Student

This article draws on qualitative interviews with one autistic student about his experiences accessing higher education, focusing on disability disclosure as a time-based rhetorical practice. I explore how Mike exploits the kairotic dimensions of autism disclosure in risky and contradictory ways to pursue his larger educational goals. Autistic students are often assumed to be unacceptably awkward, incapable of intentional stances, and fundamentally not rhetorical. These assumptions, however, obscure the complexity inherent in their rhetorical practices; this complexity is particularly salient in the timing of disability disclosure. I argue that Mike embodies a temporal expertise that expands the concept of crip time – often conceived as a delay or extension of normative time frames – to encompass time as a rhetorical resource for disabled rhetors.
The world is ours: mapping identity with Black Girl Cartography

In this article, we offer Black Girl Cartography as a practice that centers the lives of Black girls and women and the mapping of ‘black girl stories’ as an educative tool. To illustrate the utilit...
Securities Class Actions: For Whom the Bell Tolls

This article analyzes and comments on the Supreme Court appeal in Public Employees’ Retirement System v. IndyMac MBS, Inc., No. 13-640, which was scheduled to be argued to the Court on October 6, 2014. In this case, the Court was to consider whether the filing of a putative class action under Section 13 of the Securities Act of 1933, which contains a three year limitation on bringing actions under that statute, was tolled by the American Pipe rule which suspends time limitations on pursuing the claims of putative class members. In American Pipe & Construction Co. v. Utah (1974), the Supreme Court held that the commencement of a class action suspends the statute of limitations as to all class members. In IndyMac, the Court was to address whether the American Pipe tolling decision applies to suspend the three-year time limit in the Securities Act with regard to the claims of putative class members. The Court received full briefing on the issues involved in tolling in securities and non-securities class litigation. However, in the week before oral argument, the parties settled the litigation. Consequently, the Court requested additional briefing from the parties concerning whether the Court should hear oral argument. The Court subsequently withdrew the case from the Court’s opening-week oral argument docket. Nonetheless, the tolling issue under the Securities Act of 1933 remains an open issue as a consequence of the Court’s decision not to proceed with oral arguments in the case. The briefs on appeal provide a useful primer on the tolling issue and the arguments relating to the applicability - or non-applicability - of the longstanding American Pipe tolling rule for ordinary class actions.
Deep Venous Thrombosis in a 62-Year-Old Female With Schizoaffective Disorder Who Developed COVID-19

COVID-19 pandemic cases first started in November 2019 in Wuhan, China. However, the origins of the virus remain uncertain. Information and clinical complications of the disease, as well as treatment, continue to evolve in real-time. The latest complication of thrombolytic events of COVID-19 was thrust into the spotlight following the Associated Press report of Broadway star Nick Cordero having to undergo leg amputation for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in April 2020 and eventually succumbing to the infection. DVT is a subset of venous thromboembolism and is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Here, we describe a woman with serious mental illness developing COVID-19 and DVT complications.
Unicorns, Guardians, and the Concentration of the U.S. Equity Markets

Developments in the private and public equity markets are changing the role equity investment plays in the United States, and therefore what "stock market" means as a matter of political economy. During the 20th century, securities and other laws did much to tame the "animal spirits" of industrial capitalism, epitomized by the "Robber Barons." In order to raise large sums, businesses offered stock to the public, thereby subjecting themselves to the securities laws. Compliance required not only disclosure, transparency, but more subtly, that the firms themselves undergo a process of Weberian rationalization. A relatively broad middle class was comfortable investing in such corporations, and the governance of firms and thus much of the economy was understood to be answerable to this class. Citizens understood such arrangements as theirs, part of "the American way." In recent years, in conjunction with rising inequality in the United States, there has been a decisive shift from broad-based ownership of firms to much more concentrated forms of ownership in both private and public markets. Private equity markets are concentrated by legal definition: relatively few people are qualified to participate directly. Yet private equity has become the preferred method of capital formation, epitomized by "unicorns," firms valued at over $1 billion without being publicly traded. Public equity markets are dominated by funds with trillions of dollars under management, and small staffs, who are in effect "guardians" for the portfolios that ensure long-term stability for individuals and institutions, notably through retirement and endowments. The governance of the U.S. economy has to a surprising degree become a matter of grace: the nation now relies on a small elite to make good decisions on its behalf about the allocation of capital, the governance of firms, and the preservation of portfolio value. This consolidation of ownership rivals that of the late 19th century, and may challenge the law to address the equity markets in new ways.