cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moiré topography in scoliosis. Correlations with vertebral lateral curvature as determined by radiography.

The backs of 42 subjects were examined using moire topography; 22 of these subjects had scoliosis (range of lateral curvature, 6 degrees-95 degrees; mean, 31 degrees) and had recent radiographs of the spine. Two experienced observers, each an orthopedic surgeon, determined moire angles and number of fringe deviations for each subject. Two radiologists assessed radiographic Cobb angles for each scoliotic subject. For major curves superior to T10 (n = 9), significant correlations were found between Cobb angles and fringe deviations in the W1 region (r = .64, p less than .05). Cobb and moire angles were correlated in the upper O1 region (r = .60, p less than .05) and in the lower O1 region (r = .78, p less than .01). For major curves at or inferior to T10 (n = 13), the angles were correlated in the W region (r = .57, p less than .05). After one hour of training, three physical therapists averaged 87% accuracy in analyzing moire fringe deviations. Complex moire patterns, as observed in obese subjects or those with severe curvature, made fringe-deviation analysis unreliable. The most accurate moire data were obtained at the approximate level of the apex of the scoliotic curve.
The Post-MOOC World

The real test of education is found not in how we follow others but in how we get a richer view of the world from the process. The Web extra at https://youtu.be/nYdeZYJ4-Hk is an audio recording of author David Alan Grier expanding on his Errant Hashtag column in which he talks about how the real test of education is found not in how we follow others but in how we get a richer view of the world from the process.
SPERM DEPENDENCE OF FEMALE RECEPTIVITY TO REMATING IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

As a consequence of copulation, males of Drosophila melanogaster induce a variety of physiological and behavioral effects in the female. Egg production and oviposition are stimulated by products of the male's accessory glands (Kummer, 1960; Garcia-Bellido, 1964; Merle, 1968; Bumet et al., 1973), and female attractiveness and receptivity are both reduced following copulation. Changes in female attractiveness are mediated pheromonally. A change in pheromonal profile from courtship-eliciting to courtship-discouraging pheromones is induced during the first 3 min of copulation (Tompkins et al., 1980; Tompkins and Hall, 1981; Venard and Jallon, 1980). The seminal fluid enzyme esterase-6 metabolizes the seminal fluid component cis-vaccenyl acetate to produce the antiaphrodisiac cis-vaccenyl alcohol (Mane et al., 1983). Behavioral effects of this metabolite on female attractiveness have been demonstrated and have been shown to be short-lived. There is a close correspondence between the time course of these behavioral effects and those first identified by Manning (1967) as the "copulation effect." Manning (1962, 1967) also identified a "sperm effect" on female receptivity which is longer lasting and causes females to remain unreceptive to male courtship. The strength of the sperm effect seems to be proportional to the number of sperm in storage (Gromko and Pyle, 1978; Gromko et al., 1984). The sperm effect is characterized behaviorally by the use of ovipositor extrusion to reject males, a behavior used only in very low frequency by virgin females (Connolly and Cook, 1973; Tompkins and Hall, 1981). The "sperm effect" -or the sperm dependence of the return of female receptivity-is not evident when mated females are confined with second males continuously for 24 h (Newport and Gromko, 1984). In this paper we investigate the details of the sperm dependence of female receptivity within the context of an experimental design which allows females periodic interactions with second males. We also quantify the impact of sperm-dependent female receptivity on the reproductive outcome of double matings. We show that by causing females to delay remating, first males suffer very little reduction in reproductive success due to female remating.
Deviatoric stress-driven fusion of nanoparticle superlattices.

We model the mechanical response of alkanethiol-passivated gold nanoparticle superlattice (supercrystal) at ambient and elevated pressures using large-scale molecular dynamics simulation. Because of the important roles of soft organic ligands in mechanical response, the supercrystals exhibit entropic viscoelasticity during compression at ambient pressure. Applying a hydrostatic pressure of several hundred megapascals on the superlattice, combined with a critical deviatoric stress of the same order along the [110] direction of the face-centered-cubic supercrystal, can drive the room-temperature sintering (“fusion”) of gold nanoparticles into ordered gold nanowire arrays. We discuss the molecular-level mechanism of such phenomena and map out a nonequilibrium stress-driven processing diagram, which reveals a region in stress space where fusion of nanoparticles can occur, instead of other competing plasticity or phase transformation processes in the supercrystal. We further demonstrate that, for silver–gold (...
Transient Electromechanical Behavior of Carbon-Black-Filled Rubber

Abstract This work has shown the sensitivity and uniqueness of conductivity and dielectric constant transient response to compressional stress for natural rubber filled with specific types of carbon black. The strong correlation between conductivity and capacitance (both steady-state magnitudes and transients) is attributed to the polymer itself. A qualitative model for these effects is based on changes of conductive and resistive microelements due to fracture of the carbon black matrix. Transient electrical measurements of this type should be applicable to carbon-black- (or metal-) filled dielectrics over a large range of resistivity.
Ion-mediated water flow. II. Anomalous osmosis.

Anomalous osmotic water flows may be the basis of the hypotonicity of gastric juice sampled at low rates of secretion. The anomalous osmotic flows of water produced by the exchange of hydrogen and a series of cations across the three membranes used in the electroosmotic studies (Paper I) have been obtained. The solvent flow results in part from the momentum imparted by the moving ions to the water contained in the membrane matrix. The physical parameters that regulate the rate of bi-ionic exchange and the accompanying anomalous osmotic solvent flows are: the hydration states of the membranes; the molarities of the membranes and the mobilities of the exchanging ions which are a function of ion size. Each ion in the exchange produces a flow of liquid. Assuming that the ions do not interact with one another in the membrane, the anomalous osmotic flux was assumed to be the sum of the water flows produced by each permeant ion. The anomalous osmotic flux produced by a bi-ionic exchange was calculated from electroosmotic coefficients ([EO]cation and [EO]Cl) and the ion-exchange rates. The calculated values were all 10 to 60% less than the observed values. Part of these differences may have resulted from concentration gradients in unstirred boundary layers adjacent to the membrane which caused an osmotic flow of water in the direction of net water movement. As in the stomach, the sodium-hydrogen exchange produced a hypotonic solution.
Partial complementation inAspergillus niger heterocaryon

Erzwungene Heterokaryen-Vereinigung zwischen Hypoxanthin und Histidin abhangiger Mutanten vonAspergillus niger, die auf minimalem Nahrboden ohne Sporenproduktion wachsen. Das Phanomen wird als teilweise Erganzung bezeichnet und als Gleichgewichtsstorung der Kerntypen im Heterokaryen oder als Verdunnungseffekt eines Genproduktes zweiter Ordnung im Zytoplasma gedeutet.
Is the functional connectivity within temporal lobe influenced by saccadic eye movements

Local evoked potentials (LEPs), recorded in response to electrical stimulation, were used to study functional connectivity between different sites of the temporal lobe. Permanent electrodes were implanted in anterior and posterior positions of both inferotemporal cortex (IT) and hippocampal formation (HF). In each experimental session, one of these four sites was stimulated and LEPs were recorded in the others. Clear LEPs were found in the anterior and posterior IT sites in response to stimulation of the anterior as well as posterior HF. Bidirectional connections (as judged by the potentials) were found between the anterior and posterior sites of the same structure (IT or HF). The timing of the LEPs indicates that much of the response was carried in multisynaptic circuits. Stimulation delivered just after the monkey made a saccade produced larger late components in the LEPs than the same stimulation delivered without a saccade. The influence was maximal when the delay between the end of the saccade and the electrical stimulation was in the range of 50-100 ms. This saccadic modulation of the functional connectivity was observed within IT (bidirectional) and between posterior HF and IT (unidirectional).
Childhood Occipital Epilepsy of Gastaut

The eleciroclinical features and evolution of childhood occipital epilepsy of Gastaut (COE-G) are analyzed in a study of 33 patients identified and followed between 1990 and 2007 at the Hospital National de Pediatria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Neurovascular Compression at the Root Entry Zone Correlates with Trigeminal Neuralgia and Early Microvascular Decompression Outcome.

Background Trigeminal neurovascular contact (NVC) is hypothesized to be the etiology of classical trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). We aimed to seek a correlation between types of NVCs and the presence of TGN as well as early surgical outcome in patients with TGN treated with trigeminal microvascular decompression (MVD). Methods We blindly analyzed preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance images with respect to the degree (none, "touch," or compression) and location of bilateral NVC in 57 retrospectively identified Burchiel Type 1 TGN patients treated by MVD. Location of NVC was noted as either at the root entry zone or distal to it. Using a logistic regression model, we assessed the degree and location of trigeminal NVC for correlation with the symptomatic side. Furthermore, the NVC characteristics on the symptomatic side were correlated with early postoperative pain relief. Results Although the degree and location of NVC were not statistically correlative independently, a combined interaction analysis of both statistically correlated with the symptomatic side and with early postoperative pain relief. Conclusions We conclude that in TGN patients treated with MVD, magnetic resonance imaging identified neurovascular compression at the root entry zone (correlates with the affected side and early postoperative pain relief.
The Invention of Judeo-Arabic: Nation, Partition and the Linguistic Imaginary

This essay examines the issue of linguistic belonging as invented within national and colonial itineraries. More specifically, it explores the genealogy of the notion of ‘Judeo-Arabic language' and its axiomatic definition as a cohesive unit separate from Arabic. Underscoring instead the terms deployed by Arabic-speaking Jews themselves, the essay asks whether the concept of ‘Judeo-Arabic,' proposed by contemporary linguists, corresponds to the naming within the language itself or rather to a paradigm influenced by post-Haskala (Enlightenment) Judaic studies and Jewish nationalism. While recognizing the specificities of the Arabic(s) deployed by Jews, the essay interrogates the view of ‘Judeo-Arabic' as classifiable under the historically novel rubric of isolatable ‘Jewish languages' severed from their neighboring dialect/languages, in this case Arabic. It also casts doubt on an ‘endangered language' discourse premised on the Arabic/Judeo-Arabic split, by asking whether the idea of a salvage project for a...
Spectral Analysis of Single- and Two-Phase Bubbly DNS in Different Geometries

The spectral analysis of turbulent single- and two-phase direct numerical simulation (DNS) data in flat plane channel, circular pipe, and reactor subchannel geometries is performed using the record...
Lateral Control in a Driving Simulator: Correlations with Neuropsychological Tests and On-Road Safety Errors

Driving simulators provide precise information on vehicular position at high capture rates. To analyze such data, we have previously proposed a time series model that reduces lateral position data into several parameters for measuring lateral control, and have shown that these parameters can detect differences between neurologically impaired and healthy drivers (Dawson et al, 2010a). In this paper, we focus on the "re-centering" parameter of this model, and test whether the parameter estimates are associated with off-road neuropsychological tests and/or with on-road safety errors. We assessed such correlations in 127 neurologically healthy drivers, ages 40 to 89. We found that our re-centering parameter had significant correlations with five neuropsychological tests: Judgment of Line Orientation (r = 0.38), Block Design (r = 0.27), Contrast Sensitivity (r = 0.31), Near Visual Acuity (r = -0.26), and Grooved Pegboard (r = -0.25). We also found that our re-centering parameter was associated with on-road safety errors at stop signs (r = -0.34) and on-road safety errors during turns (r = -0.22). These results suggest that our re-centering parameter may be a useful tool for measuring and monitoring ability to maintain vehicular lateral control. As GPS-based technology continues to improve in precision and reliability to measure vehicular positioning, our time-series model may potentially be applied as an automated index of driver performance in real world settings that is sensitive to cognitive decline. This work was supported by NIH/NIA awards AG17177, AG15071, and NS044930, and by a scholarship from Nissan Motor Company. Language: en
An adaptive anchor frame detection algorithm based on background detection for news video analysis

When analyzing news videos, finding an efficient way of extracting visual memes is very important. Videos might be very long and visual meme extraction itself is computationally expensive, so it is essential to make this process as efficient as possible. A way to do this is to eliminate as many key frames as possible even before extracting the visual memes. Since anchor person frames contribute little to the content of the news videos, we should remove these frames. This paper proposes an efficient and effective algorithm to detect anchor frames from videos, significantly improving the efficiency of visual meme extraction.
Liberalism, Communitarianism, and Asocialism

We will consider three versions of the charge that the emphasis of liberalism on individuals is detrimental to community in that it encourages a pernicious disregard of others by fostering a particular understanding of the individual and the relation she has with her society. According to that understanding, individuals are fundamentally independent entities who only enter into relations by choice, and society is nothing more than a venture voluntarily entered into in order to better ourselves.
Tamoxifen Suppresses Platelet Activation-Supported Angiogenesis and Metastasis

It has been known for decades that platelets are critical for providing adequate hemostasis. However, more recently, platelets have been implicated in other health- and disease-related processes, such as angiogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis.1–4 Platelet interactions with tumor cells occur locally at the tissue level and also in the blood circulation. These interactions can lead to platelet activation, a process that results in the release of the contents of platelet granules to the tumor microenvironment. This platelet releasate includes large amounts of bioactive molecules which facilitate tumor growth, endothelial transmigration, and angiogenesis.5 In the bloodstream, platelets are also able to form aggregates with circulating tumor cells. As the platelets adhere to the circulating tumor cells’ surfaces, this interaction can generate a shielding effect by facilitating immune evasion and preventing clearance of cancer cells. In addition, the interaction of platelets with circulating tumor cells can also promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a process that favors tumor …
Some Results on Stabilization of Infinite Dimensional Control Systems

Abstract The question of stabilization of infinite dimensional control systems has occupied many control engineers and mathematicians. In this article we have obtained sufficient conditions for e-invariance for a class of systems by means of control input. A new technique is presented to prove that if the control is real, and 2π-periodic function having zero mean, then the solution of the system with control lies in an arbitrary small neighborhood of x =o for an unbounded interval of time for any nonlinear perturbations .
Microstructure Evolution During Oxidation Of MgO-SiC Composites

Increasing importance has been given to ceramic matrix composites reinforced with SiC particulates, whiskers, and fibers as high temperature structural materials. The oxidation of SiC-reinforced alumina 1–5, mullite4–6, and alumina-zirconia7,8 has been studied. In this research, MgO-SiC was chosen as a model material for the main purpose of determining the mechanism of mass transport and the rate-controlling step during oxidation. MgO was chosen as the matrix material for several reasons. The most important is that MgO is an ideal material for studies of mass transport because of the availability of reasonable diffusion data.9,10 Stability at high temperature in oxidizing environments and the ability to be easily fabricated into a dense composite microstructure also supported the choice of MgO as matrix material. Previous results11,12 had suggested that magnesium ion diffusion was controlling the rate of oxidation. Therefore, these experiments on both pure and scandium oxide-doped material were performed to confirm this mechanism.
Management of postoperative complications in spinal surgery patients with osteoporosis

Abstract Osteoporosis is a relatively common finding in patients undergoing spine surgery. Osteoporosis increases the risk for complications secondary to implant or bone union failure, including proximal junctional failure and pseudarthrosis. In cases of severe symptoms or progressive deformity, pathology-driven revision surgery may be required. In general, posterior surgery is commonly advocated in cases of fixed deformity with additional osteotomies and decompressions as needed. Conversely, an anterior approach is typically reserved for cases with flexible deformity and anterior compressive structures. In these cases, the use of autograft is also recommended in order to facilitate bone osseo-integration.
Becoming Critical Consumers of Research: Understanding Replication:

Special educators are tasked with understanding and implementing evidence-based practices. The purpose of this article is to highlight the salient features of replication in special education resea...
Listening to degraded speech can cause listeners to “wait and see”

The “wait and see” approach is described as waiting until hearing the end of a sentence or word before committing to a response. Although people with normal hearing (NH) perceive speech in a very rapid incremental fashion, listeners with cochlear implants (CIs) appear to utilize the wait and see approach in tests of word recognition. Specifically, they not only present with lower accuracy, but do not respond (even with eye gaze) until the utterance is fully or nearly complete. This implies that in addition to poorer accuracy scores, CI listeners might be adopting a different, more reluctant approach to word recognition. To better understand why listeners may adopt a reluctant listening strategy, we examined word recognition with a spectrally degraded speech signal in NH listeners, where eye gaze was tracked as a real-time indicator of commitment to a response. Preliminary results show a decrease in accuracy and a delay in response time for NH listeners when the signal is vocoded. However, the delays were ...
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Values and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Abstract Objective To determine the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) values and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Patients and Methods We identified all serum 25(OH)D measurements in adults residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, through the Rochester Epidemiology Project. All-cause mortality was the primary outcome. Patients were followed up until their last clinical visit as an Olmsted County resident, December 31, 2014, or death. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, month of measurement, and Charlson comorbidity index score. Results A total of 11,022 individuals had a 25(OH)D measurement between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, with a mean ± SD value of 30.0±12.9 ng/mL. Mean age was 54.3±17.2 years, and most were female (77.1%) and white (87.6%). There were 723 deaths after a median follow-up of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 3.4-6.2 years). Unadjusted all-cause mortality hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for 25(OH)D values of less than 12, 12 to 19, and more than 50 ng/mL were 2.6 (95% CI, 2.0-3.2), 1.3 (95% CI, 1.0-1.6), and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.72-1.5), respectively, compared with the reference value of 20 to 50 ng/mL. In a multivariate model, the interaction between the effect of 25(OH)D and race/ethnicity on mortality was significant (P Conclusion White patients with 25(OH)D values of less than 20 ng/mL had greater all-cause mortality than those with values of 20 to 50 ng/mL, and white patients had greater mortality associated with low 25(OH)D values than patients of other race/ethnicity. Values of 25(OH)D greater than 50 ng/mL were not associated with all-cause mortality.
Survival of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Fresh and Frozen Strawberries

For maximum shelf life, fresh strawberries are harvested directly without washing into retail containers. Frozen berries are usually hulled in the field and washed prior to freezing, sometimes with the addition of sucrose. To determine survival of potential bacterial contaminants, cut or intact surfaces of fresh strawberries were spot inoculated with five- or six-strain cocktails of Salmonella or Escherichia coli O157:H7 (log 7.0 CFU/sample). Inoculated strawberries were dried for I h at 24°C and were stored in closed containers at 5 or 24°C. Sliced strawberries with or without added 20% sucrose were inoculated with one of two strains of E. coli O157:H7 and frozen at -20°C. An initial population reduction of approximately 0.5-log cycles was observed on intact but not cut berries after the 1-h drying period. During storage at 24°C for up to 48 h. populations of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 did not decline further. When strawberries were stored at 5°C for up to 7 days, populations of both pathogens remained constant on cut surfaces but decreased by 1- to 2-log cycles on intact surfaces. After 30 days of frozen storage, the population of E. coli O157:H7 had declined by 0.7- to 2.2-log cycles (with and without sucrose, respectively). Results of this study indicate that E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella are capable of survival but not growth on the surface of fresh strawberries throughout the expected shelf life of the fruit and can survive in frozen strawberries for periods of greater than I month. Les fraises fraiches ne sont pas lavees apres la recolte et avant le conditionnement. Les fraises destinees a la congelation sont lavees. Pour evaluer la survie de Salmonella et E.coli, des fraises fraiches tranchees ou intactes sont inoculees en surface.Une fois seche, elles sont entreposees ou congelees. La croissance des bacteries est observees lors de l'entreposage. Les resultats montrent que E.coli O157:H7 et Salmonella sont capables de survivre durant la periode de conservation de la fraise fraiche et pendant plus d'un mois dans la fraise congelee. Elles ne se multiplient pas au cours de l'entreposage.
Ecology and Experience

Two worlds merge in the perspective we take for this chapter. One world is derived from behavioral ecology, the other from the discipline of developmental psychobiology. Their amalgamation provides a particularly rich view of behavioral development, one that we believe can stimulate the formulation and testing of new concepts and hypotheses.
Pediatric HIV infection and the primary care physician. Meeting unique needs.

Preview In many children with HIV infection, the disease has a slowly progressive course during the preadolescent years. These children have special healthcare needs because of their increased risk of life-threatening infections and variable immune response to vaccines. In this article, Dr Flynn reviews the many unique aspects of providing medical care for a group whose numbers continue to grow.
Adulthood: a promising focus for future research.

Adulthood is an elusive topic for critical research review. While much nursing research is focused upon people 18 to 70 years old, little of it actually is about adults as adults. Nursing has not to date “discovered” the enormous potential of health-related research and theory building about adults as growing, maturing human beings. Research on child development has a rich tradition in nursing, and in recent years efforts have been made to study adolescence and aging as developmental stages. But no discernible research attention has been devoted to the maturational aspects of adulthood.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism of the Urbach Edge in KI, CdTe, and TlCl

Magnetic circular dichroism in the low-energy tail of the fundamental absorption edge has been measured in KI, CdTe, and TlCl, covering a substantial range of temperatures and spanning three to four decades of absorption coefficient. The data will be discussed in relation to simple models of interactions that have been proposed to account for exponential broadening of the absorption edges in these materials.
Strength characteristics of crushed gravel and limestone aggregates with up to 12% plastic fines evaluated for pavement base/subbase applications

Abstract Performance period or life span of a flexible pavement is dependent upon the load carrying capacity of its base and subbase layers. Pavement strength characteristics influenced by material properties of these foundation layers are of utmost importance in the pavement design. In this experimental study, the goal was to adequately define the limits of different unbound aggregate properties influencing the strength of unbound aggregate. Material type, gradation, maximum particle size, fines content, dust ratio and plasticity index were among the different properties studied. Dust ratio is defined as the ratio of material passing the No. 200 sieve (i.e. fines content) to material passing the No. 40 sieve. As for the aggregate materials, crushed limestone and crushed gravel, commonly used in Illinois in base/subbase applications, were considered. Illinois dense graded base specifications allow aggregate materials with a maximum particle size of 25 mm for the CA 6 specification and 50 mm maximum particle size for the CA 2 aggregate. Plasticity index, fines content, and dust ratio ranged from 5% to 13%, 5% to 12%, and 0.4 to 1.0, respectively. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and staged triaxial tests were performed to characterize the material strength. Higher strength values were obtained for the CA 6 aggregates with 25-mm maximum particle size compared to the aggregates tested for CA 2 specification. Considering typical property ranges, a dust ratio of 1.0 was found to be a viable option in some cases for base/subbase applications providing an acceptable soaked strength for both crushed limestone and crushed gravel. However, for both material types, the combination of a dust ratio of 0.4 and a fines content of 12% posed a severe negative effect on aggregate strength.
Examining interactions within the theory of planned behavior in the prediction of intentions to engage in cannabis-related driving behaviors.

Objective: As marijuana use becomes more available to college students through increasing legal reform, this paper seeks to examine intentions for driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and...
Green building technology

Abstract A sustainable technology has been proposed to satisfy the total energy and gas demand for a building that can be produced by the building itself without any outsource connection. To satisfy the full energy demand of a building, some portion of its exterior curtain wall skin can be used as the black body-acting PV (photovoltaic) panel to capture solar energy and convert it into electric energy. Domestic waste, including human feces, is proposed to be implemented into a transforming process onsite where sludge shall be collected into a closed anaerobic detention tank in the cellar for introduction into a bioreactor. This will allow it to produce biogas (CH4) by methanogenesis, which will then be stored and utilized for cooking and HVAC equipment. Then, the separated wastewater will be collected and treated onsite by applying all primary, secondary, and tertiary processes. The treated water will then be used for gardening and landscaping. Combining all these technologies would be an innovative field in sustainable science where a building can itself produce electricity and gas without any outsource connection to meet its total energy and gas demand that is benign to the environment.
Exploring the Factors of Professional Readiness in Athletic Training

The objective of this study was to explore the factors of professional readiness in the healthcare field of athletic training. We used a qualitative research design based in grounded theory. Partic...
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in a Patient With Levo-Transposition of the Great Arteries

Abstract Levo-transposition of the great arteries is a congenital heart disease characterized by atrioventricular and ventricular-arterial discordance. Aortic valve disease in levo-transposition of...
How much justice is denied? An estimate of unsubmitted sexual assault kits in the United States

Abstract Purpose Prior national, state, and local investigations of law enforcement agencies have revealed large stockpiles of sexual assault kits (SAKs) that were not submitted to a laboratory for forensic testing. The failure to submit these SAKs has resulted in incomplete investigations for sexual assault victims and a lack of accountability for sexual assault offenders. To direct national policy aimed at testing these kits and reducing future stockpiles, it is essential to realize the magnitude of the problem. Methods This study uses information on known unsubmitted SAK counts from 911 counties in 15 states and a multitude of county-level covariates to estimate the national number of unsubmitted SAKs during the period 2014–2018. Results Based on 95% confidence intervals, there were an estimated 300,000 to 400,000 unsubmitted SAKs in the United States during this period. A county's population was the strongest predictor of whether the county had an unsubmitted SAK count, while county sociodemographic factors and state legislative actions were the strongest predictors of the size of county unsubmitted SAK counts. Conclusions To improve future estimates, LEAs should account for SAKs throughout the investigative and laboratory submission stages and states should conduct annual high-quality audits that leverage tracking processes.
The Method for Photovoltaic Module Temperature Short-term Forecasting Based on Numerical Weather Prediction

As module temperature plays an important role in the PV power forecasting, an accurate short-term prediction will be very helpful in improving PV power short-term forecasting. In this article, a method of short-term forecasting for PV module temperature based on numerical weather prediction(NWP) is proposed, which has a time resolution of prediction point was 15-minute, prediction aging of the next 24 hour. In the case study, this approach continuously provides reasonable temperature short-term forecasting of the PV module. The practice indicates that this method is simple and effective.
Orbital chemistry of high valence band convergence and low-dimensional topology in PbTe

The exceptional thermoelectric performance of PbTe is partially due to the high valley degeneracy, NV, of the band edges. In this paper, we specifically look at the valence band (VB) structure of PbTe, which has been described using a two-band model consisting of a light valence band with a maximum at the L-point in the first Brillouin zone and a heavy band with its maximum along the Σ-line. The light and heavy band extrema are located at low symmetry points, resulting in valley degeneracies of NV = 4 and NV = 12, respectively. The relative energy positions of the light and heavy valence bands can be tuned with temperature and defect concentration to make them effectively converged. In this study, analytical solutions from the tight-binding method are employed to understand the possible orbital interactions that lead to this VB convergence. Both temperature and alloying based methods are explained as means to tailor the VB structure to achieve high valley degeneracy through band convergence. We predict five strategies for tuning valence band convergence: (i) alloying to introduce unfilled cation-s (s0) defect states above valence band edge, (ii) increasing the lattice parameter through alloying or temperature, (iii) alloying to decrease the energy difference between anion-p and anion-s states, (iv) alloying to replace filled Pb-s (s2) states with filled cation-s states that are lower in energy, and (v) decreasing the strength of anion spin–orbit interactions. Furthermore, we find that when the VBs are in a highly converged state, there is a topological transition in the electronic band structure to two-dimensional (2D) and potentially to one-dimensional (1D) character. Assuming acoustic-phonon scattering, we use the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) to predict a significant enhancement in thermoelectric performance for the 2D and 1D band model, with a theoretical zT > 10 predicted for the 1D topology, ∼20 times greater than that predicted for the 3D topology. Although we specifically discuss PbTe, the qualitative results of this work can be applied to all the IV–VI (IV = Ge, Sn, Pb; VI = S, Se, Te) rock salt compounds.
Clinical Factors Associated With Survival Outcomes in Starved Equids: A Retrospective Case Series

Abstract Each year in the United States, unwanted horses may become neglected, starved, or abandoned. Recovery therapies include refeeding and veterinary care, often requiring substantial time and financial investments. To better understand the likelihood for starved horses to successfully survive the first 100 days after initial evaluation, a retrospective case series was performed using hospital records of starved horses at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine. A body condition score (BCS) of 3 or less and a malnourished diagnosis were utilized to select case records from an 11-year period (n = 82). Animal descriptors, vital signs, complete blood count data, blood chemistry panels, parasite load, and refeeding diet information were analyzed as available within the case record. Mixed model analyses of variance (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS 9.4) were utilized to test if response variables differed in horses that lived or died. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test factors associated with survival probability 100 days postinitial hospitalization. Body temperature (P = .05) and BCS (P = .0002) were significantly lower in horses that died compared with horses that survived. In addition, white blood cells were increased in horses that died (11.6 ± 1.3 cells/μL) compared with horses that survived (8.6 ± 0.5 cells/μL; P = .03). The initial BCS was associated with probability for survival, where survival likelihood increased 14.6 times for each 1 whole unit increase in the BCS. These results indicate the relevance of using the BCS as a predictor for future survival and as a measure for clinical decision-making.
Compensatory bladder behaviors ("coping") in women with overactive bladder.

AIMS There is little information on how often or within what contexts individuals with OAB use compensatory behaviors ("coping") to manage symptoms. We sought to examine how frequently women with OAB report using coping behaviors and whether these are associated with psychosocial factors. METHODS One hundred twenty adult women with OAB completed the OAB questionnaire (OAB-q), ICIQ-FLUTS questionnaire, PROMIS Anxiety and Depression, Perceived Stress Scale, patient perception of bladder condition, and demographic and clinical data. Responses from five items from the OAB-q Quality-of-Life scale asking about coping with OAB symptoms (i.e., "compensatory coping behaviors") were summed to generate a total Coping Score. Linear regression was used to identify associations between individual coping behaviors, total Coping Scores, and exposure variables. RESULTS Most (88%) subjects reported using at least one compensatory coping behavior at least "a little of the time," with "locating the nearest restroom in a new place" the most frequent. Higher BMI, lower education, using OAB medication, and urgency incontinence as well as urinary symptom severity were all associated with higher coping scores. Beyond the influence of OAB severity, higher anxiety (β = 0.15, 95% CI [0.05-0.26], p = 0.004) and stress (β = 0.16 [0.03-0.25], p = 0.02) were significantly associated with higher total coping scores, although depression was not. CONCLUSIONS Compensatory bladder behaviors (coping) were common in women with OAB and were associated with greater urinary symptom severity and higher anxiety and stress. Further study is needed to understand how coping behaviors and psychosocial factors relate, as these may represent important opportunities for interventions.
Association of Impulsivity, Physical Development, and Mental Health to Perceptual-motor Control after Concussion in Adolescents.

Sport-related concussion (SRC) can affect multiple domains including impairment in perceptual-motor control (PMC) in adolescents, potentially increasing subsequent injury risk. Research suggests that impulsivity, physical development, and mental health may be associated with PMC after SRC, but researchers have yet to examine this association. Adolescents (12-18y; n=48) within 21 days of SRC were compared to 20 healthy adolescents with no concussion history using the Perception-Action Coupling Task (PACT), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), Pubertal Development Scale (PDS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Personal Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All outcomes were entered as predictors in linear regression (LR) models to predict PACT outcomes (accuracy; initiation, movement, and reaction times). Concussed adolescents had lower PACT accuracy (p=0.016), higher PHQ-9 (p=0.029), total BIS (p=0.004), attention impulsivity (p=0.005), and cognitive instability impulsivity (p=0.004). All four LRs were statistically significant (R2=0.18-0.38; p<0.05), and included 1+ impulsivity domains as significant predictors (p<0.05). Cognitive instability impulsivity appeared in 3/4 models of PACT outcomes. ADD/ADHD history, anxiety, and physical development ratings were also significant predictors of PACT outcomes. This study revealed associations between PMC and medical history, impulsivity, physical development and mental health in adolescents following SRC. Future studies should investigate the temporal relationship among these variables in this at-risk population.
GALEX photometry of the open cluster NGC 752

Ultraviolet photometry from the GALEX mission is compiled for a sample of main sequence stars and red giants in the open cluster NGC 752. This is one of the few ensembles of coveal near-solar abundance FGK stars for which near-ultraviolet and far-ultraviolet magnitudes are available from GALEX. Cluster members are identified on the basis of Gaia proper motion and parallax data. Two-colour diagrams, including $(NUV-B, B-V)$ and $(FUV-B, B-V)$ , are presented by combining the GALEX photometry with Johnson $BV$ photometry. In all diagrams which include the $NUV$ magnitude in one of the colours a clear offset is seen between the unevolved main sequence and the main sequence turn-off stars. However, in the $(FUV-B, B-V)$ diagram the main sequence and the turn-off stars overlap. There is evidence of scatter in the $(FUV-B)$ colours of main sequence stars redward of $(B-V) \sim 0.50$ that may be related to differences in stellar activity. A GALEX-only colour-magnitude diagram of NGC 752 in which $NUV$ apparent magnitude is plotted against the $(FUV-NUV)$ colour shows much less separation of the main sequence turn-off stars and red giants from the dwarf sequence than does a traditional $(V, B-V)$ colour-magnitude diagram. Indeed, in the former diagram the red giants of NGC 752 fall very close to the main sequence.
Insights into high-risk multiple myeloma from an analysis of the role of PHF19 in cancer.

Despite improvements in outcome, 15-25% of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients have treatment resistant high-risk (HR) disease with a poor survival. The lack of a genetic basis for HR has focused attention on the role played by epigenetic changes. Aberrant expression and somatic mutations affecting genes involved in the regulation of tri-methylation of the lysine (K) 27 on histone 3 H3 (H3K27me3) are common in cancer. H3K27me3 is catalyzed by EZH2, the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). The deregulation of H3K27me3 has been shown to be involved in oncogenic transformation and tumor progression in a variety of hematological malignancies including MM. Recently we have shown that aberrant overexpression of the PRC2 subunit PHD Finger Protein 19 (PHF19) is the most significant overall contributor to HR status further focusing attention on the role played by epigenetic change in MM. By modulating both the PRC2/EZH2 catalytic activity and recruitment, PHF19 regulates the expression of key genes involved in cell growth and differentiation. Here we review the expression, regulation and function of PHF19 both in normal and the pathological contexts of solid cancers and MM. We present evidence that strongly implicates PHF19 in the regulation of genes important in cell cycle and the genetic stability of MM cells making it highly relevant to HR MM behavior. A detailed understanding of the normal and pathological functions of PHF19 will allow us to design therapeutic strategies able to target aggressive subsets of MM.
Passive Proton Conductance Is the Major Reason for Membrane Depolarization and Conductance Increase in Chara buckellii in High-Salt Conditions

Chara buckellii G.O.A., a salt-tolerant alga, has a less negative membrane potential (Em) when cultured in saline medium (artificial Waldsea water) than when cultured in freshwater. The cell hyperpolarizes and membrane conductance (Gm) decreases when the external medium is changed from Waldsea control solution (WCS), a high-salt medium, to low-salt medium containing sufficient sorbitol to generate the same osmotic potential as WCS. Banding pattern and proton flux experiments show that C. buckellii has higher passive proton influx in the alkaline band in high-salt medium than in low-salt medium. Decrease of the passive proton influx by darkness or low external pH dramatically hyperpolarizes the membrane and decreases the conductance. The pH dependence curves of Em and Gm also indicate the existence of high passive proton conductance (GH) in C. buckellii. Ion substitution experiments show that Em and Gm of saltwater cells are not dependent on K+, Na+, Cl-, or SO42+. Mg2+ also affects Em and Gm, but its effect is probably on GH. We conclude that GH is the most important cause of the membrane depolarization and conductance increase in the saltwater alga C. buckellii.
Estimating Damping of Real Structures

Described in this paper is a method to obtain equivalent modal viscous damping ratios from stiffness and energy dissipation properties of structural components. Specifically, modal viscous damping ratios are computed as the weighted sum of component energy ratios (ratio of energy dissipated to peak potential energy per cycle of motion) weighted by the ratios of component to total peak potential energies. Component energy ratios may be estimated from vibration studies of the individual components or similar structures made exclusively of the component materials. Component potential energies may be computed from component stiffness matrices and modal deflections. A great simplification is that total peak potential energy may be computed as half the natural circular frequency squared for mode shapes normalized such that the generalized mass equals unity. Modal viscous damping ratios are computed for four example structures all having reinforced concrete frames with gypsum wallboard partitions. Damping ratios predicted and measured vary from 2% to 5%.
The 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd disequilibrium between Polynesian hot spot lavas and the clinopyroxenes they host: Evidence complementing isotopic disequilibrium in melt inclusions

[1] We report 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd data on clinopyroxenes recovered from 10 ocean island lavas from three different hot spots (Samoa, Society, and Cook-Austral island chains). The clinopyroxenes recovered from eight of the 10 lavas analyzed in this study exhibit 87Sr/86Sr disequilibrium with respect to the host lava. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios in clinopyroxene separates are 95–3146 ppm (0.0095–0.31%) different from their respective host whole rocks. Clinopyroxenes in three lavas have 143Nd/144Nd ratios that are 70–160 ppm (0.007–0.016%) different from the host lavas. The 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd disequilibrium in one lava (the oldest lava considered in this study, Mangaia sample MGA-B-47) can be attributed to posteruptive radiogenic ingrowth, but the isotope disequilibrium in the other, younger lavas cannot be explained by this mechanism. In five of the lava samples, two populations of clinopyroxene were isolated (black and green, separated by color). In four out of five of these samples, the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the two clinopyroxene populations are isotopically different from each other. In addition to 87Sr/86Sr disequilibrium, the two clinopyroxene populations in one of the lavas (Tahaa sample TAA-B-26) have 143Nd/144Nd ratios that are ∼100 ppm different from each other. Given the resilience of clinopyroxene to seawater alteration and the likelihood that the Sr and Nd isotope composition of fresh clinopyroxene separates provides a faithful record of primary magmatic compositions, the clinopyroxene-clinopyroxene isotope disequilibrium in these four lavas provides strong evidence that a mechanism other than seawater alteration has generated the observed isotopic disequilibrium. This study confirms the isotopic diversity in ocean island lavas previously observed in olivine-hosted melt inclusions. For example, the Sr isotopic variability previously observed in olivine-hosted melt inclusions is mirrored by the isotopic diversity in clinopyroxenes isolated from many of the same Samoan lavas. The isotopic data from melt inclusions and clinopyroxenes are not consistent with shallow assimilation of sediment or with entrainment of xenocrystic clinopyroxene from the oceanic crust or upper mantle. Instead, the data are interpreted as reflecting isotopic heterogeneity in the mantle sources of the lavas. The isotopic diversity in clinopyroxenes and melt inclusions suggests that a single lava can host components derived from isotopically diverse source regions.