cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B182: Utilization of quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence to assess biomarkers in ovarian cancer; ability to create an objective phenotype with respect to outcome.

Introduction:Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer deaths among women with the majority of cases diagnosed at an advanced stage where therapeutic options are limited to surgical resection and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy regimens. Given the paucity of reliable tissue biomarkers to predict response to therapy, we used a validated quantitative multiplex immunofluorescent (QMIF)platform on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) ovarian tissues to quantify biomarker expression patterns and assessed association with outcome. Methods: 89 patients were evaluated using tissue microarrays consisting of three 0.6mm tumor cores per diagnostic specimen; fallopian tubes and four different ovarian cell lines were included as pos/neg controls. CK7, VEGF, PERK1/2 and TP53 were evaluated with QMIF, with individual and combined antibody features constructed utilizing intensity and area values. Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test along with multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were employed to determine biomarker assocation with respect to overall (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Results: Mean age 59yrs, 80% serous, 88% Grade 3 and 85% >/= Stage IIIC. Median follow-up 32m; 5-year OS 51% and platinum resistance 54%. In multivariate analysis CK7+TP53+ was an independent prognostic marker for both PFS and OS (p-value Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B182. Citation Format: Joel Cardenas-Goicoechea, Nguyen Long, Tamara Kalir, Michael J. Donovan. Utilization of quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence to assess biomarkers in ovarian cancer; ability to create an objective phenotype with respect to outcome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B182.
Fas-associated factor 1 and Parkinson's disease

Fas-associated factor 1 or FAF1 is a Fas-binding protein implicated in apoptosis. FAF1 is the product of a gene at PARK 10 locus on chromosome 1p32, a locus associated with late-onset PD [Hicks, A.A., Petursson, H., Jonsson, T., Stefansson, H., Johannsdottir, H.S., Sainz, J., Frigge, M.L.et al., 2002. A susceptibility gene for late-onset idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 52, 549-555.]. In the present study we investigated the role of FAF1 in cell death and in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. FAF1 levels were significantly increased in frontal cortex of PD as well as in PD cases with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology compared to control cases. Changes in FAF1 expression were specific to PD-related alpha-synuclein pathology and nigral cell loss. In addition, PD-related insults including, mitochondrial complex I inhibition, oxidative stress, and increased alpha-synuclein expression specifically increased endogenous FAF1 expression in vitro. Increased FAF1 levels induced cell death and significantly potentiated toxic effects of PD-related stressors including, oxidative stress, mitochondrial complex I inhibition and proteasomal inhibition. These studies, together with previous genetic linkage studies, highlight the potential significance of FAF1 in pathogenesis of idiopathic PD.
Euclidean Space: A Lasting Philosophical Obsession

I Is PHYSICAL THREE-SPACE Euclidean? The question is ill-formulated. According to relativity theory, the basic entity we have to work with is space-time; following the general theory of relativity, I shall assume that space-time is a four-dimensional, differentiable, Lorentz signature manifold. If space-time satisfies certain conditions (see Anderson (1967) Chapter Io) we can project out a three-space (a three-dimensional spacelike manifold with a positive definitive metric); and in general there are many ways to do the projection. In the general theory of relativity one encounters physically interesting space-times for which the space of one projection is flat while the space of another projection is curved; it can even happen that the space of one projection is infinite while the space of another projection is finite (i.e. compact) (see Schri6dinger (1956) Chapter i). Thus, the above question must be relativised to a given projection. We do have evidence that space is non-Euclidean in the following sense: for cosmological models satisfying Einstein's field equations and agreeing with observational data, certain natural projections yield spaces which are curved and/or finite.
Endothelial cells can synthesize leukotriene B4

Abstract Leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) from vascular endothelium may play a key role in the genesis of atherosclerotic lesions. However, the ability of this tissue to synthesize LTB 4 is controversial. To resolve this issue arachidonic acid metabolism was characterized in cultures of confluent monolayers of a rabbit aortic endothelial cell line by use of both high-pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Cells were grown to confluence in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/Ham's F12 with 5% fetal bovine serum. Lipoxygenase activity was studied by placing the cells in Hank's balanced salt solution with 2 μmol/L indomethacin. After 30 minutes preincubation with indomethacin cells were exposed to either arachidonic acid (10 μmol/L) or arachidonic acid labeled with radioactive carbon ( 14 C) (1 μCi; SA 58 mCi/mmol) and then stimulated with 9.5 μmol/L calcium ionophore A23187 for 55 minutes. Studies of the cyclooxygenase activity were performed without preincubating with indomethacin. Samples were prepared for high-pressure liquid chromatography by evaporation to dryness under a vacuum and resuspending in 2 ml of 1:1 methanol/water. Tritium-labeled standards were added before loading the 14 C-labeled samples on the column. Radiolabeled arachidonic acid metabolites were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and detected by means of a dual channel flow-through radiodetector that monitors both 14 C and 3 H. Based on coelution with authentic standards three lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid have been identified: LTB 4 , 12- and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraneoic acid. Leukotriene B 4 was further characterized by ultraviolet spectral analysis and inhibition studies with use of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Quantitation was facilitated by commercially available radioimmunoassay kits. An average of 600 pg LTB 4 /10 6 cells was measured from separate experiments. Negative controls produced no LTB 4 . These data demonstrate that rabbit aortic endothelial. cells when stimulated with calcium ionophore in the presence of exogenous arachidoric acid synthesize LTB 4 , an inflammatory mediator that may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atheroslcerosis. (J VASC SURG 1990;12:298-304.)
Microarray analysis in children with developmental disorder or epilepsy.

The technique of chromosomal microarray analysis identifies genetic imbalance. Evaluation of its diagnostic role in pediatrics is still underway. We describe our experience with chromosomal microarrays. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of children in the Sections of Neurology and Clinical Genetics at St. Christopher's Hospital for Children who had undergone microarray analysis between 2006 and 2009. Collected data included age, sex, and the presence of mental retardation, developmental delay, autism, learning disability, hypotonia, dysmorphic features, and epilepsy, and the use of microarray technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. There were 82 children (mean age ± S.D., 5.7 ± 5 years), including 45 (55%) boys and 37 (45%) girls. All patients exhibited a normal karyotype. Microarray analysis produced abnormal results in 20 (23.5%). Deletions comprised 74% of all abnormalities. Patients with ≥4 clinical variables demonstrated a 30.5% incidence of abnormal chromosomal microarray findings, compared with 8.7% of patients with ≤3 clinical variables (P = 0.039, χ2 test). Logistic regression indicated that motor impairment (P = 0.039) and presence of epilepsy (P = 0.024) independently contributed to the model. The likelihood of an abnormal microarray result increased with the number of clinical abnormalities. Microarray analysis will likely become the diagnostic genetic test of choice in children with neurodevelopmental disorders or epilepsy.
E2F-1 and a Cyclin-like DNA Repair Enzyme, Uracil-DNA Glycosylase, Provide Evidence for an Autoregulatory Mechanism for Transcription

The cell cycle-dependent transcription factor, E2F-1, regulates the cyclin-like species of the DNA repair enzyme uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) gene in human osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cells. We demonstrate, through the deletion of the human UDG promoter sequences, that expression of E2F-1 activates the UDG promoter through several E2F sites. The major putative downstream site for E2F, located in the first exon, serves as a target for E2F-1/DP1 complex binding in vitro. We also provide evidence for the functional relationship between the cyclin-like UDG gene product and E2F. High levels of UDG expression in a transient transfection assay result in the down-regulation of transcriptional activity through elements specific for E2F-mediated transcription. Overexpression of UDG in Saos 2 cells was observed to delay growth late in G1 phase and transiently arrest these cells from progressing into the S phase. This hypothetical model integrates one mechanism of DNA repair with the cell cycle control of gene transcription, likely through E2F. This implicates E2F as a multifunctional target for proteins and enzymes, possibly, responsive to DNA damage through the negative effect of UDG on E2F-mediated transcriptional activity.
Hope and Mortality: Psychodynamic Approaches to AIDS and HIV

Introduction - Mark J. Blechner I. Principles of Treatment Psychodynamic Approaches to AIDS and HIV - Mark J. Blechner Modifying Psychotherapeutic Methods When Treating the HIV-Positive Patient - Bertram H. Schaffner Treatment of Children and Parents in Families with AIDS - Seth Aronson "Gidget Goes to Sing-Sing": An Interpersonal Therapeutic Approach to HIV-Positive Substance Abusers - Susan Bodnar II. Case Studies There but for the Grace of ... : Countertransference During the Psychotherapy of a Young HIV-Positive Woman - Sue A. Shapiro Psychotherapy of an AIDS Patient with Dementia - Karen Marisak "Playing with Fire": Transference-Countertransference Configurations in the Treatment of a Sexually Compulsive HIV-Positive Gay Man - Jean Petrucelli Managing Chronic Loss and Grief: Contrapuntal Needs of an AIDS Patient and His Therapist - Richard B. Gartner Disease, Death, and Group Process from a Psychodynamic Point of View - Barbara K. Eisold When a Patient Becomes HIV-Positive During Psychotherapy - Ernesto Mujica A Heterosexual Male Therapist's Journey of Self-Discovery: Wearing a "Straight"jacket in a Gay Men's Bereavement Group - John V. O'Leary Dances with Men: The Impact of Multiple Losses in My Practice of Psychoanalytically Informed Psychotherapy - Susan Bodnar
Irreversible Compressibility of Silica Glass as a Means of Determining the Distribution of Force in High-pressure Cells

The theoretical distribution of force over two types of cells used at pressures up to 160,000 atm is considered and compared with experimental results obtained by using silica glass as a pressure indicator. Experimental data for the pressure-irreversible density-change relation of silica glass to pressures of 200,000 atm are reported. Differences between results of the present investigation and those of previous investigations are discussed.
Critical role of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase in the stimulation of glucose transport in response to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation.

Glucose transport is stimulated in a variety of cells and tissues in response to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. However, the underlying mechanisms and mediating steps remain largely unkno...
Heteroannular ferrocene-crown ether conjugates via acid-catalyzed macrocyclization

Abstract Acid-catalyzed macrocyclization of long-chain diols onto 1,1′-bis(hydroxy-methyl)ferrocene fails, whereas the same cyclization using 1,1′-bis(methoxymethyl)-ferrocene is an efficient method for the preparation of ferrocene-monocoronands.
Tricyclic Antidepressants Delay the Need for Dopaminergic Therapy in Early Parkinson's Disease

This study examined whether antide- pressants delay the need for dopaminergic therapy or change the degree of motor impairment and disability in a population of early Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Preclinical studies have indicated that antidepressants modulate signaling pathways involved in cell survival and plasticity, suggesting they may serve to both treat PD-associated depression and slow disease progres- sion. A patient-level meta-analysis included 2064 patients from the treatment and placebo arms of the following trials: FS1, FS-TOO, ELLDOPA, QE2, TEMPO, and PRECEPT. Depression severity was determined at baseline, and antidepressant use was reported in a medication log each visit. Kaplan-Meier curves and time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models determined associations between depression severity and antidepressant use with the primary outcome, time to initiation of dopaminergic therapy. ANCOVAs deter- mined associations with the secondary outcome, degree of motor impairment and disability, reported as annualized change in UPDRS scores from baseline to final visit. When controlling for baseline depression, the initiation of dopaminergic therapy was delayed for sub- jects taking tricyclic antidepressants compared with those not taking antidepressants. No significant differ- ences were found in UPDRS scores for subjects taking antidepressants compared with those not taking antide- pressants. Tricyclic antidepressants are associated with a delay in reaching the end point of need to start dopa- minergic therapy. The lack of change in overall UPDRS scores suggests the delay was not attributable to symptomatic effects. V C 2012 Movement Disorder Society
THE ADJUDICATION OF HOMICIDE IN COLONIAL GHANA: THE IMPACT OF THE KNOWLES MURDER CASE

In keeping with the law in place in the Colony of Ashanti in 1928, Dr Benjamin Knowles was tried and convicted for the murder of his wife without the benefit of a jury trial or the assistance of legal counsel. His trial and sentencing to death created outrage in both colonial Ghana and the metropole, and placed a spotlight on the adjudication of capital crimes in the colony. Inevitably, there were calls for reform of a system that could condemn an English government official to death without the benefit of the right to trial by a jury of his peers and counsel of his choice. Shortly after the Knowles trial, the colonial government did open up Ashanti to lawyers, and introduced other changes in the administration of criminal justice, but continued to refuse the introduction of jury trial. Nevertheless, the lasting impact of the Knowles trial was to make criminal adjudication in Ashanti, if anything, more lenient than the other area of colonial Ghana, the Gold Coast Colony.
Keeping perception accurate

Perception should change if an error in perception is detected. Yet how can information that comes through the senses ever indicate that those very senses aren't accurate? Knowledge of objects that arises independently of sensory experience can be used to check the sensory information for errors. For instance, an a priori constraint that one object cannot be in two places at the same time would lead to error detection if the sensory systems suggest that one object is in two places. Variants on the classic prism-adaptation phenomenon have revealed new rules about changes in space perception. These variants involve specifying new unusual mappings between visual space and motor (proprioceptive) space, and testing for generalization to novel untrained locations. The research has suggested that there is a preference for changes in space perception that shift space rigidly everywhere, that shrink or expand space uniformly, and that preserve the one-to-one relationship between modalities. Finally, this review discusses the issue that perception must change to remain accurate in the face of childhood growth and adult drift.
An Iterative Improvement Procedure for Hierarchical Clustering

We describe a procedure which finds a hierarchical clustering by hill-climbing. The cost function we use is a hierarchical extension of the k-means cost; our local moves are tree restructurings and node reorderings. We show these can be accomplished efficiently, by exploiting special properties of squared Euclidean distances and by using techniques from scheduling algorithms.
Production of experimental aneurysms at a surgically created arterial bifurcation.

Description de la methode chirurgicale de production, chez le lapin, d'un anevrysme au niveau de l'artere carotide commune. Le modele cree est interessant hemodynamiquement et radiographiquement
Glutathione/thioredoxin systems modulate mitochondrial H2O2 emission: an experimental-computational study.

The net emission of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from mitochondria results from the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) continuously generated in the respiratory chain and ROS scavenging. The relative contribution of the two major antioxidant systems in the mitochondrial matrix, glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx), has not been assessed. In this paper, we examine this key question via combined experimental and theoretical approaches, using isolated heart mitochondria from mouse, rat, and guinea pig. As compared with untreated control mitochondria, selective inhibition of Trx reductase with auranofin along with depletion of GSH with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene led to a species-dependent increase in H2O2 emission flux of 17, 11, and 6 fold in state 4 and 15, 7, and 8 fold in state 3 for mouse, rat, and guinea pig mitochondria, respectively. The maximal H2O2 emission as a percentage of the total O2 consumption flux was 11%/2.3% for mouse in states 4 and 3 followed by 2%/0.25% and 0.74%/0.29% in the rat and guinea pig, respectively. A minimal computational model accounting for the kinetics of GSH/Trx systems was developed and was able to simulate increase in H2O2 emission fluxes when both scavenging systems were inhibited separately or together. Model simulations suggest that GSH/Trx systems act in concert. When the scavenging capacity of either one of them saturates during H2O2 overload, they relieve each other until complete saturation, when maximal ROS emission occurs. Quantitatively, these results converge on the idea that GSH/Trx scavenging systems in mitochondria are both essential for keeping minimal levels of H2O2 emission, especially during state 3 respiration, when the energetic output is maximal. This suggests that the very low levels of H2O2 emission observed during forward electron transport in the respiratory chain are a result of the well-orchestrated actions of the two antioxidant systems working continuously to offset ROS production.
Genetic Differences in Human Circadian Clock Genes among Worldwide Populations

The daily biological clock regulates the timing of sleep and physiolog- ical processes that are of fundamental importance to human health, perfor- mance, and well-being. Environmental parameters of relevance to biological clocks include (1) daily fluctuations in light intensity and temperature, and (2) seasonal changes in photoperiod (day length) and temperature; these parame- ters vary dramatically as a function of latitude and locale. In wide-ranging species other than humans, natural selection has genetically optimized adap- tiveness along latitudinal clines. Is there evidence for selection of clock gene alleles along latitudinal/photoperiod clines in humans? A number of polymor- phisms in the human clock genes Per2, Per3, Clock, and AANAT have been reported as alleles that could be subject to selection. In addition, this investiga- tion discovered several novel polymorphisms in the human Arntl and Arntl2 genes that may have functional impact upon the expression of these clock tran- scriptional factors. The frequency distribution of these clock gene polymor- phisms is reported for diverse populations of African Americans, European Americans, Ghanaians, Han Chinese, and Papua New Guineans (including 5 subpopulations within Papua New Guinea). There are significant differences in the frequency distribution of clock gene alleles among these populations. Population genetic analyses indicate that these differences are likely to arise from genetic drift rather than from natural selection.
cattle, rural economic differentiation, and articulation in the highlands of Papua New Guinea

Rural economic differentiation in the highlands of Papua New Guinea has been facilitated by the introduction of commercial smallholder cattle projects. Changes have occurred in the social relations of production concerning control over land and labor and the distribution of surplus. Two weaknesses of the analytical perspective that stresses the articulation of modes of production are revealed: (71 inadequate attention to human agency, and (21 a narrow focus on economic and political linkages between modes of production. [rural differentiation, economic development, Melanesia, cash earning, modes of production]
A Method for Computing Intermodulation-Free Frequency Lists

Receiver and transmitter intermodulation (IM) phenomena are known to be common causes of electromagnetic interference. A technique that may be employed to avoid these interactions is the use of a list of frequencies which are inherently free of IM. This paper describes a method for producing such a list, or, evaluating a given list.
Determination of elemental mercury by cavity ringdown spectrometry

Cold vapor cavity ringdown spectroscopy has been successfully applied to the detection of elemental mercury. Using an absorption cell 0.18 m in length, detection limits of 0.027 and 0.12 ng were obtained using peak area and peak height measurements, respectively. For the peak area measurement, this corresponds to a gas phase concentration of less than 25 ng m−3. For comparison, using a similar absorption cell, standard AAS yielded a Hg detection limit (peak height) of 9 ng, (gas phase concentration of ≡ 8.3 μg m−3).
Fast Dynamos in Weakly Ionized Gases

The turnover of interstellar gas on ~109 yr timescales argues for the continuous operation of a galactic dynamo. The conductivity of interstellar gas is so high that the dynamo must be "fast"; i.e., the magnetic field must be amplified at a rate nearly independent of the magnetic diffusivity. Yet all the fast dynamos so far known, and all direct numerical simulations of interstellar dynamos, yield magnetic power spectra that peak at the resistive scale, while galactic magnetic fields have substantial power on large scales. In this paper we show that in weakly ionized gas the limiting scale may be the ion-neutral decoupling scale, which, although still small, is many orders of magnitude larger than the resistive scale.
Force-velocity shifts with repetitive isometric and isotonic contractions of canine gastrocnemius in situ

The force-velocity (F-V) relationships of canine gastrocnemius-plantaris muscles at optimal muscle length in situ were studied before and after 10 min of repetitive isometric or isotonic tetanic co...
Chukchi Sea Continental Shelf Sedimentation: ABSTRACT

The topography of the Chukchi Sea continental shelf south of Herald Shoal is and has been dominated since at least Wisconsin time by Hope Valley (which trends northwest through the central part of the area) and by structural and sedimentary spit-like features trending offshore from Point Hope and Cape Prince of Wales. During the Wisconsin time of lowered sea level, Hope Valley was retrenched and most pre-Wisconsin Pleistocene sediments were stripped from the interfluves. The drainage system was considerably more complex than indicated by the present bathymetry. High-frequency (12 kHz) subbottom profiles and gravity and piston core sediments indicate 1-26 cm post-Wisconsin sediment deposited mostly in a large estuarine environment produced as Hope Valley was inundated. The main sources of sediment initially were the Kobuk-Noatak river system and the shores; smaller amounts were derived from lateral river discharge. Approximately 13,000-14,000 years ago, sea level had risen sufficiently to connect the Bering and Chukchi Seas. After the 2 seas were connected, a major source of sediment was introduced from the Yukon through Bering Strait into the central Hope Valley estuary. A period of rapid deposition followed. Deltaic deposits came from both the Noatak-Kobuk and Yukon sources. In addition, significant deposition north of Point Hope and Cape Prince of Wales resulted from the prevailing current established through Bering Strait. Transgressive sands, open-shelf facies, paralic sediments, and residual deposits can be recognized when related to the modern shelf sediment environment. The total post-Wisconsin deposition has buried numerous small Wisconsin stream valleys, displaced Hope Valley northward through the building of the Bering Strait "delta," produced thick deposits of current-derived sediment on the downstream lee sides of Point Hope and Cape Prince of Wales, and subdued the more rugged Wisconsin subaerial topography. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2475------------
Structure of the Kelley Mountain culmination, central Alabama, and implications for the evolution of the southeastern southern Appalachian foreland thrust belt

The Kelley Mountain structural culmination forms a half window with respect to the metamorphic Talladega-Cartersville thrust sheet. Fault rocks along one of the contacts within this half window indicate that this contact is a thrust fault. Based on regional structural relationships, this contact is interpreted as the Pell City fault, a regional thrust fault within the Alabama foreland thrust belt northwest of the Talladega-Cartersville fault. Therefore, the Kelley Mountain culmination is interpreted as an eyelid window exposing the Pell City and Talladega-Cartersville faults. The Pell City thrust sheet at Kelley Mountain is interpreted as a horse beneath the Talladega-Cartersville fault that has moved up a footwall ramp through Cambrian-Ordovician carbonates and onto a flat of Mississippian shale and sandstone. A similar thrust geometry at the Fort McClellan window, 90 km to the northeast, indicates that the Pell City thrust sheet may be a large horse associated with a regional footwall ramp. Both the Talladega-Cartersville and Pell City faults are folded by the Kelley Mountain antiform and adjacent Columbiana synform. The Kelley Mountain antiform continues northward from the Kelley Mountain area to the southern terminus of the Coosa deformed belt, where shortening associated with folding may be transferred to imbricate faulting in the footwall of the Pell City fault.
Integrated optical circulator in InP

A polarization independent waveguide circulator design is proposed. Isolation of 24 dB and insertion loss of 1.41 dB is calculated at 1550 nm. Isolation of 20 dB is calculated with the entire device magnetically doped.
Herman Mark and Friends

After the triumphant Faraday Society Meeting of 1935, Herman Mark (1895-1992) went back to Vienna and started preparing a monograph summarizing the current paradigms in polymer science.
Nylanderia deceptrix sp. n., a new species of obligately socially parasitic formicine ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Obligately socially parasitic ants are social parasites that typically lack the sterile worker caste, and depend on the host species for survival and brood care. The genus Nylanderia has over 130 described species and subspecies, none of which, until this study, were known social parasites. Here we describe the first social parasite known in the genus, Nylanderia deceptrix. Aspects of the biology of the host species, Nylanderia parvula (Mayr 1870), and Nylanderia deceptrix are examined. The data from both the host and the parasite species are combined to better understand the host-parasite relationship.
It’s Your Money and We Want It Now: Regulation of the Structured Settlement Factoring Industry in the Era of Dodd-Frank and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Calls for reform in the structured settlement factoring industry have recently grown louder across the nation. However, those calls ring hollow and many recipients of structured settlements are suffering abuses at the hands of the structured settlement factoring industry. Structured settlements substitute a lump-sum award with periodic payments, protecting against spendthrift behavior. The purpose of a structured settlement is to provide an income stream for the long term care of an injured party, and by “factoring,” often at a heavily discounted rate, the rights to future payments form the settlement leads to this purpose being completely undermined. A comprehensive approach enhancing existing protections, and layering in new federal regulation will advance the purpose of the structured settlement. Three solutions to protect the purposes of structured settlements and minimize unwanted outcomes in structured settlement factoring transactions. These include (1) increasing existing standards of review, (2) creating three protected “classes” of structured settlement recipients, and (3) regulating structured settlement factoring on an industry-wide scale with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. These proposals do not call for sweeping changes, but instead using existing mechanisms to protect the goals of structured settlements, as well as the recipients of structured settlements.
The Underwater Heritage of the Riace Bronzes: Ethics, Provenance and the Art Market in Ancient Rome and Today

The art market as we know it developed during the Hellenistic period (third to first centuries BCE) with the looting of classical Greek sculptures and paintings by the invading Roman armies. The most renowned works were appropriated by the generalissimos for their luxury villas, whilst the rejects were converted into liquid assets by selling them to the world’s rich at the first ever art auctions. Art collecting and connoisseurship were born, and with a diminishing supply of available Greek originals, copies became a major substitute market. Replications of original bronze sculptures were created in cheaper marble, whilst interior decorators enriched walls with frescoed versions of renowned ‘old master’ Greek easel paintings.
Predictors of Safety and Efficacy of 2-Stage Hepatectomy for Bilateral Colorectal Liver Metastases

Background In patients with bilateral colorectal liver metastases (CLM) not resectable in 1 operation, 2-stage hepatectomy is the standard surgical approach. The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with safety and efficacy of 2-stage hepatectomy. Study Design The study included all 109 patients for whom 2-stage hepatectomy for CLM was planned during 2003 to 2014. The RAS mutation status and other clinicopathologic factors were evaluated for association with major complications and survival using multivariate analysis. Results Two-stage hepatectomy was completed in 89 of 109 patients (82%). Reasons for dropout after the first stage were disease progression (n = 12), insufficient liver growth (n = 5), and complications after first stage or portal vein embolization (n = 3). More than 6 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy were associated with failure to proceed to the second stage (p = 0.009). Rates of major complications (26% vs 6%; p RAS mutation (p Conclusions The RAS mutation independently predicts the oncologic efficacy of 2-stage hepatectomy and may help guide patient selection for this aggressive surgical strategy.
Fundamentals and Applications of High-Pressure Processing Technology

High-pressure processing has been established as a commercially viable food preservation technology, where application of elevated pressure serves as the main lethal agent for pathogen reduction without compromising nutritional and organoleptic properties of the food. The rapid temperature increase during compression, and subsequent cooling upon decompression, is a unique benefit of high-pressure-based technologies to reduce product thermal exposure during treatment. A variety of pressure-pasteurized products (including juices, meat, seafood, and vegetable products) are commercially available worldwide. To date, FDA issued letters of no objection to two industrial petitions for preserving shelf-stable low-acid samples by pressure-assisted thermal process (PATP). This chapter summarizes the basic principles associated with preserving foods by the application of various pressure-based technologies and reviews relevant process and product parameters for product microbiological safety and quality. Various pressure-based unit operations have been reviewed. Application of pressure-based technologies in different commodity food processing has been discussed.
Elementary Education Teacher Candidates' Integration of Technology in the Design of Interdisciplinary Units.

In this paper the authors evaluate 85 elementary education teacher candidates’ integration of technology into interdisciplinary units that the candidates wrote during the semester before their full-time student teaching internship. An inductive analysis of the units revealed that teachers used a wide variety of technologies with a large dependence on Internet-based technologies, interactive whiteboards, and iPad applications. Further analyses found that most of the technology uses were lower-level and focused on only basic skills. However, chi-squared tests for independence found statistically significant relationships between numerous factors and when technology was used in ways that addressed higher-order thinking skills. These factors included the structure of the lesson plans, the content of the interdisciplinary units, when the technology was integrated into the multi-lesson unit, and when the technology was integrated into specific phases of the lesson. Implications for teacher education programs and research that focuses on teacher candidates’ TPACK are provided.
THE IAMATIKA OF THE MILAN POSIDIPPUS

The ἰαματικά, a collection of seven short epigrams about healing grouped together and so labelled in the Milan papyrus attributed to Posidippus, present another useful source of information about the cult and cures of Asclepius (AB 95–101; P Mil. Vogl. VIII 309, XIV.30–XV.22). Brief though the epigrams are (all are four lines in length except the first, which is eight lines), they accord well with the picture of the cult presented by material, epigraphic and other literary evidence.
Stridor in a 6-week-old infant caused by right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery.

Background: Persistent infant stridor, seal-like cough, and difficulty feeding can be the initial signs of right aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery. This congenital cardiovascular abnormality results in the development of a vascular ring that encircles the trachea and esophagus. Methods: A case report is presented that describes the evaluation and care of a 6-week-old male infant whose condition was diagnosed as right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery after he was brought to the family practice clinic with a history of persistent stridor. This case report involved a patient seen in the author9s outpatient clinic during a well-child check. Data were obtained from the patient9s medical record and review of his radiologic diagnostic tests. MEDLINE and Index Medicus literature searches were conducted for the years 1966 to the present, using the key words “stridor” and “vascular ring,” with crossreferences for earlier articles. Results and Conclusions: Persistent or recurrent stridor associated with feeding difficulties should prompt an investigation for a vascular ring. In general, an anteroposterior and lateral neck radiograph and a posteroanterior and lateral chest radiograph are usually the initial diagnostic tests to evaluate stridor. Persistent stridor and new-onset regurgitation of formula in a 6-week-old infant prompted an escalation of the patient9s workup to include a barium swallow, which subsequendy showed compression of the esophagus caused by a vascular ring. In some cases direct observation with a laryngoscope or bronchoscope might be necessary to determine the cause of stridor. Indications for hospitalization of patients with stridor include stridor at rest, dyspnea, actual or suspected epiglottis, repeatedly awakening from sleep with stridor, a history of rapid progression of symptoms, toxic appearance, and apneic or cyanotic episodes. The primary care provider should be familiar with the evaluation and management for patients with the complaint of persistent or recurrent stridor.
First-Principle Electronic Properties of Dilute-P GaN(1-x)P(x) Alloy for Visible Light Emitters.

A study on the electronic properties of the dilute-P GaN1−xPx alloy using First-Principle Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations is presented. Our results indicate a band gap energy coverage from 3.645 eV to 2.697 eV, with P-content varying from 0% to 12.5% respectively. In addition, through line fitting of calculated and experimental data, a bowing parameter of 9.5 ± 0.5 eV was obtained. The effective masses for electrons and holes are analyzed, as well as the split-off energy parameters where findings indicate minimal interband Auger recombination. The alloy also possesses the direct energy band gap property, indicating its strong potential as a candidate for future photonic device applications.
Knowing How and Knowing That

One further common use of the verb ‘to know’ is in statements claiming to know how to do something; for example, ‘I know how to swim’, ‘He knows how to fly an aeroplane.’ In recent years it is Gilbert Ryle who has commented most on this theme.1
Numerical simulation of sheet metal forming: a review

Numerical simulation is becoming one of the main methods to investigate various engineering problems with sophisticated conditions. A considerable amount of research is conducted on numerical analysis of sheet metal forming process to address different aspects of the problem. Among the numerical simulation methods for sheet metal forming process, finite difference method (FDM) and finite element method (FEM) have been the main methods. In this paper, the progresses in simulation techniques, advantage and disadvantage of numerical methods for simulating sheet metal forming process are discussed based on these numerical methods. Currently, FEM being the main simulation method for sheet metal forming, development in solution strategies and formulation, element selection are further brought into attention. Historical development of anisotropy and yield criteria, which are theoretical foundation for numerical simulation, and their application in simulation software are briefly classified. Formability of sheet metal is presented from the numerical simulation point of view. Numerical investigations on springback are reviewed in terms of simulation techniques and factors influencing springback. Simulation techniques for novel sheet metal forming techniques such as laser forming and incremental sheet forming (ISF) are presented.
The Future of Treatment for Wet AMD

Age-related macular degeneration is among the leading causes of blindness in the USA, and the prevalence is increasing. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has dramatically improved the treatment outcome for patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), repeated intravitreal injections can be a challenge for patients and physicians. The following provides a review of several innovative approaches to wet AMD therapy currently under investigation. Novel anti-VEGF delivery routes, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor antagonism, immunomodulatory therapy, and new imaging technology are all poised to possibly expand the current clinical options available for wet AMD patients. There are a number of exciting new treatment modalities for wet AMD currently being researched. As clinical trials of these new therapies continue, we can hope that improved visual outcomes and patient satisfaction are on the horizon.
Re: Results of SMSNA survey regarding complications following intralesional injection therapy with collagenase clostridium histolyticum for Peyronie's disease.

In this survey sent to the members of the Sexual Medicine Society of North American (SMSNA), Yafi et al . assessed the providers’ experience with intralesional injection of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCh) for Peyronie’s disease (PD). The anonymous, 33-question survey was sent to 693 members of SMSNA with valid email addresses and requested responses from CCh prescribers. The 100 responders (14.4% response rate), were relatively evenly distributed in their experience administering CCh injections with 36%, 23% and 41% of responders performing injections on ≤10 patients, 10–20 patients, and >20 patients respectively.
Extrathyroidal extension—what does it mean

Prognostic factors and risk group analysis are very well known in well differentiated thyroid cancer. One of the major prognostic factors is presence of extrathyroidal extension and residual gross tumor. It is not uncommon to find the final pathology report showing minimal extrathyroidal extension. The debate continues as to the implication of this microscopic or minimal extrathyroidal extension. The previous staging system had upstaged such tumors. However, several reports in the literature suggest no prognostic implication of microscopic or minimal extrathyroidal extension.
The Rayleigh problem for a yield stress fluid with spurt

Abstract We consider a generalized Newtonian fluid which exhibits a yield stress and spurt when the yield stress is reached. The constitutive behavior above the yield stress is assumed linear. We solve the associated Rayleigh problem. The solution is not self-similar and exhibits a propagating front separating yielded and unyielded regions. The behavior near t = 0 is crucial for starting the numerical simulation. We find that the position of the front behaves like − t ln t .
Automated Color Misalignment Correction for Close-Range and Long-Range Hyper-Resolution Multi-Line CCD Images

Surveillance and inspection have an important role in security and industry applications and are often carried out with line-scan cameras. The advantages of line-scan cameras include hyper-resolution (larger than 50 Megapixels), continuous image generation, and low cost, to mention a few. However, due to the physical separation of line CCD sensors for the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color channels, the color images acquired by multi-line CCD cameras intrinsically exhibit a color misalignment defect, such that the edges of objects in the scene are separated by a certain number of pixels in the R, G, B color planes in the scan direction. This defect, if not corrected properly, can severely degrade the quality of multi-line CCD images and hence impairs the functionality of the cameras. Current techniques for correcting such color misalignments are typically not fully automated, which is undesirable in applications such as inspection and surveillance that depend on fast unmanned responses. This chapter introduces an algorithm to automatically correct the color misalignments in multi-line CCD images for rotational scans as well as for translational scans. Results are presented for two different configurations of multi-line CCD imaging systems: (a) a close-range multi-line CCD imaging system for inspection applications and (b) a long-range imaging system for surveillance applications. Experimental results show that the two imaging systems are able to acquire hyper-resolution images and the color misalignment correction algorithm can automatically and accurately correct those images for their respective applications.
Living Standards in St. Louis and the Eighth Federal Reserve District: Let's Get Real

Recently, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) has developed the Regional Price Parities (RPPs), spatial price indexes that allow for comparison of cost of living differences across various geographic areas. By construction, RPPs compare the average price level for a region with the national average. Accordingly, unlike traditional, temporal price indexes, RPPs can be used to adjust nominal incomes for cost of living differences, thereby allowing for more accurate comparison of living standards across geographic areas. When adjusting incomes in this manner, the authors find that, despite slow economic growth recently, living standards are relatively high in the St. Louis metropolitan statistical area (MSA). For example, the St. Louis MSA ranks in the top 6 percent of MSAs based on real per capita personal income and in the top 16 percent based on real median household income.
Theory of Motion of Surfaces

In this chapter we focus on the kinematics and dynamics of moving surfaces, in the same way we did in Chap. 7 for curves. The boundary conditions obtained from this geometrical approach will be used in the next chapters for the study of nonlinear oscillations and waves of liquid drops. In this chapter we assume that all transformations of coordinates are continuous at least of class C 2, and they have nonvanishing Jacobian functions.
In-System Debug

The debug of any chip that is operating in-system is a challenging a nerve racking experience. As your board springs to life…. or not, the thought that crosses your mind is “Does my design work?” Then the real discussion starts, is it the system software or the system hardware. Due to the expense in developing system software, the hardware is almost assumed guilty until proven innocent. In this chapter we will look at techniques that can be deployed to identify the problems, quickly.
New Technologies for Revision Sinus Surgery

• Technological advances continue to enhance endoscopic sinus surgical procedures. The development and utility of these techniques and devices continues to evolve and at this time the final chapter cannot yet be written. New technologies should enhance preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative surgical treatment and care. Our ability to treat inflammatory as well as neoplastic disease will benefit from the availability of such devices.
Disparate geography and the origins of tax capacity

We establish a conceptual and empirical link between the geographic distribution of economic endowments within a nation and long-run fiscal capacity. Economic geography informs elites’ incentives to facilitate large-scale central taxing bureaucracies. Sectoral economic advantage also provides them with leverage to transform these state-building incentives into policy and stable institutional equilibria. We argue that unequal economic endowments across the geography of a nation exacerbate distributive tensions. Political disagreement over the size and the scope of the state hinder centralized investments in state capacity to collect taxes. Using detailed sub-national data and indicators of geographic distribution, we demonstrate global patterns of sub-national economic geography, and how these patterns are related to sub-national variation in economic productivity. We show that divergence in sub-national economies varies across the world and is related to predictable differences in the size of the fiscal state.