cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene expression in the liver of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during the stress response

To better appreciate the mechanisms underlying the physiology of the stress response, an oligonucleotide microarray and real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) were used to study gene expression in the livers of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). For increased confidence in the discovery of candidate genes responding to stress, we conducted two separate experiments using fish from different year classes. In both experiments, fish exposed to a 3 h stressor were compared to control (unstressed) fish. In the second experiment some additional fish were exposed to only 0.5 h of stress and others were sampled 21 h after experiencing a 3 h stressor. This 21 h post-stress treatment was a means to study gene expression during recovery from stress. The genes we report as differentially expressed are those that responded similarly in both experiments, suggesting that they are robust indicators of stress. Those genes are a major histocompatibility complex class 1 molecule (MHC1), JunB, glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1). Interestingly, Nupr1 gene expression was still elevated 21 h after stress, which indicates that recovery was incomplete at that time.
Alternative therapies for children with brain stem gliomas: immunotherapy and gene therapy

Alternative means are needed for the treatment of childhood brain stem gliomas. Both immunotherapy and gene therapy have and will be, in the future, evaluated for these patients. Results, to date, with immunotherapy have been sparse and variable. Restorative immunotherapy, especially the use of beta-interferon, has shown some promising results. However, in one recently completed trial, the combination of beta-interferon plus hyperfractionated radiotherapy in newly diagnosed patients did not apparently result in improved survival. Gene therapy, still in its infancy, also may be potentially applicable to the treatment of children with brain stem gliomas.
Commentary: Antisocial behaviour—multidetermined across cultures

Violent and other antisocial behaviours among youth are of great public concern in many countries. Gudlaugsdottir and colleagues’ 1 study of Icelandic youths found that violent behaviours were associated with variables in multiple domains, including individual, family, and school. As described by the authors, these findings suggest that interventions for youth violent behaviour should target the multiple factors in the youths’ social ecology that might contribute to violent behaviour. Consistent with this premise, the most effective treatments for serious youth antisocial behaviour are those that address the multiple determinants of youth problem behaviour. The Blueprints for Violence Prevention Report 2 that reviewed more than 500 programmes designed to treat and prevent youth antisocial behaviour identified only 3 that were effective at reducing criminal behaviour: Functional Family Therapy, Multisystemic Therapy, and Oregon Treatment Foster Care. These three treatments are family-based ecological models that focus on addressing the known risk factors for antisocial behaviour in youths across their social ecology (for review see ref. 3). Gudlaugsdottir and colleagues’ 1 findings also have implications for the generalizability of theories about the development of adolescent antisocial behaviour. They found that violent behaviour among Icelandic youths was associated with gender, difficulty of obtaining social support from parents, substance use, psychological distress, and negative life events. With the exception of the failure to document significant effects in the peer domain (which likely occurred because the peer variables in this study did not tap deviant peer associations), these findings are generally consistent with the correlates of violent behaviour documented in US studies. 4 Accordingly, the key determinants of antisocial behaviour may be similar across Icelandic and American cultures. Nevertheless, it should not be
Feeding Ecology of Eelgrass Fish Communities

Abstract The principal components in the diets of fishes utilizing eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds in the shallow water estuaries near Beaufort, North Carolina, were detritus, planktonic copepods, and epifaunal crustaceans. Food produced within the eelgrass beds such as eelgrass, crustaceans, gastropods, and detritus, could have accounted for approximately 56% by weight of the diet of the eelgrass fish community. Pinfish (Lagodon rhombiodes) under 35 mm feed primarily on planktonic copepods, thereafter detritus gradually replaced copepods. When pinfish reached a length of about 70 mm they became more omnivorous consuming a greater proportion of plant material and polychaetes. Changes in feeding habits may have been responsible for significant differences in the weight-specific caloric contents observed between three size groups of both pigfish and pinfish. All species except one did not feed in the beds at night even though biomass of all fish was twice as high at night than during the day. The eelgrass fi...
Accident dosimetry using environmental materials: the role of thermoluminescence

Abstract Accident dosimetry using environmental materials which were present and exposed to gamma radiation during and following an accident would appear to be an attractive adjunct to more traditional dosimetric methods. The primary attraction stems from the promise of obtaining measurements of dose in exposed materials at specific locations in an accident zone; measurements which are independent of considerations of weathering, fractionation, decay, time of arrival of nuclides, etc. Thermoluminescence techniques have been applied to environmental materials for dosimetry of radiation incidents since the early 1960s. This paper examines the success of those efforts, the evolution of the techniques and the strengths and weaknesses of the current methodology.
A SAT characterization of boolean-program correctness

Boolean programs, imperative programs where all variables have type boolean, have been used effectively as abstractions of device drivers (in Ball and Rajamani's SLAM project). To find errors in these boolean programs, SLAM uses a model checker based on binary decision diagrams (BDDs). As an alternative checking method, this paper defines the semantics of procedure-less boolean programs by weakest solutions of recursive weakest-precondition equations. These equations are then translated into a satisfiability (SAT) problem. The method uses both BDDs and SAT solving, and it allows an on-the-fly trade-off between symbolic and explicit-state representation of the program's initial state.
Seismically inferred dilatancy distribution, northern Barbados Ridge decollement: Implications for fluid migration and fault strength

A 5 x 25 km, three-dimensional seismic survey of the lower part of the northern Barbados Ridge accretionary prism creates a three-dimensional image of a major active decollement fault. The fault is usually a compound negative-polarity reflection modeled as a low-velocity, high-porosity zone less than ∼14 m thick. This thickness is significantly less than that defined by drilling of a >40 m zone of deformation at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 671B, located within the surveyed area. We infer that the seismically defined fault is a thin, high-porosity zone and is thus an undercompacted, high-fluid-pressure dilatant section. If these inferences are correct, then map-view variations in seismic-reflection waveform and amplitude illustrate complex patterns of fault-zone fluid content and fluid migration paths. The amplitude map suggests kilometre-wide channels of locally high porosity and thus focused fluid flow. These paths are only subparallel to the expected minimum head, as inferred from the shape of the overlying sediment wedge; other factors must modify fluid concentrations and ultimately migration. Several areas of positive-polarity fault reflections define square-kilometre-sized regions inferred to be lower porosity sections producing strong asperities in an otherwise weak fault. One, coincident with Site 671B, may explain the success of drilling through the fault here. All other holes drilled in the area were within the negative-polarity regions and were unsuccessful in penetrating through the entire fault zone, possibly because of instability associated with high fluid pressures and a weak fault. ODP Leg 156 planned for 1994 will test inferences related to fault permeability and fluid pressures.
A model for analysis of dynamic characteristics of strategic alliance

Based on the standard theory of the firm, a dynamic model for the study of R&D management in a strategic alliance is presented. The model provides insight into the firm's behavior in a strategic alliance with R&D activity. By using this dynamic model, the optimal level of technology for a firm can be determined from the profit maximization viewpoint. The model indicates that firms with complementary skills and resources in a strategic alliance will be better off in terms of R&D cost, profit and competitiveness.
Data center resource management with temporal dynamic workload

The proliferation of Internet services drives the data center expansion in both size and the number. More importantly, the energy consumption (as part of the total cost of ownership (TCO)) has become a social concern. When the workload demand is given, the data center operators desire minimizing their TCO. On the other hand, when the workload demand is unknown while the requirements on quality of experience (QoE) of the Internet services are given, the data center operators need to determine the appropriate amount of resources and design redirection strategies in presence of multiple data centers to guarantee the QoE. For the first problem, we present formulations to minimize server energy consumption and server cost with dynamic temporal demand and propose novel aggregation methods to reduce computational complexity. The Dynamic Voltage/Frequency Scaling (DVFS) capacity is further considered in our model. Our numerical results show that adopting DVFS results in a significant reduction of energy consumption. For the second problem, the data center provides resources via the cloud computing model. We propose a hierarchical modeling approach that can easily combine all components in the data center provisioning environment. The numeric results show that our model serves as a very useful analytical tool for data center operators to provide appropriate resources as well as design redirection strategies.
Rhabdomyosarcomas in adults and children: an update.

Abstract Context.—Rhabdomyosarcomas comprise a relatively common diagnostic entity among childhood cancers and a relatively rare one among adult tumors. They may possess a variety of histologies that generally differ among age groups. These lesions appear to be separate biologic entities as well as morphologic categories, with embryonal tumors having genetic lesions related to loss of heterozygosity and aberrant parental imprinting, alveolar tumors containing genetic fusions between PAX and forkhead genes, and pleomorphic tumors showing an accumulation of genetic lesions similar to other adult high-grade sarcomas. Objective.—To present guidelines for diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma and recent finding concerning the biology and classification of these lesions. Data Sources.—Review of recent and older published literature and distillation of the authors' experience. Conclusions.—Infants and young children tend to have embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, adolescents and young adults tend to have alveolar rhabdomyosar...
Management of Metastatic Cervical Cancer: Review of the Literature

This article reviews the English-language literature concerning chemotherapy for advanced, recurrent, or metastatic cervix carcinoma. Specifically, it reviews the available literature for active single agents, doublets, triplets, and multiple drug combination chemotherapy. Until recently, single-agent cisplatin was the drug of choice in metastatic cervix cancer. Various doublets, triplets, and quartlets have been reported to have higher objective response rates than single-agent cisplatin when compared in phase III clinical trials. Some have demonstrated improvements in progression-free survival, but only topotecan plus cisplatin has demonstrated an improvement in overall survival. This benefit is most apparent in patients who have a long disease-free interval from primary therapy and who have not received prior cisplatin as a radiosensitizer.
Internet Users' Beliefs about Government Surveillance The Role of Social Awareness and Internet Literacy

This study focuses on exploring Internet literacy and social awareness as antecedents to Internet users' attitudes towards government surveillance in the Internet environment. Previously developed instruments for Internet literacy, social awareness, perceived need for government surveillance, and government intrusion concerns have been employed in the study. The relationships are measured and explored through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by linear regression models. Three of the four hypothesized relationships were found to be statistically significant - social awareness positively and Internet literacy negatively related to the perceived need for government surveillance, and Internet literacy positively related to the government intrusion concerns. The contribution of this research is in the attempt to explore surveillance attitudes in the post-9/11 American society. The study presents empirically tested relationships which are important for developing well-balanced policies of security protection and civil liberties.
Kinematic Synthesis of Spatial Serial Chains Using Clifford Algebra Exponentials

AbstractThis article presents a formulation of the design equations for a spatial serial chain that uses the Clifford algebra exponential form of its kinematics equations. This is the even Clifford...
Nanoscale ultra-thin-body silicon-on-insulator P-MOSFET with a SiGe/Si heterostructure channel

We report the concept and demonstration of a nanoscale ultra-thin-body silicon on-insulator (SOI) P-channel MOSFET with a Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x//Si heterostructure channel. First, a novel lateral solid-phase epitaxy process is employed to form an ultra-thin-body that suppresses the short-channel effects. Negligible threshold voltage roll-off is observed down to a channel length of 50 nm. Second, a selective silicon implant that breaks up the interfacial oxide is shown to facilitate unilateral crystallization to form a single crystalline channel. Third, the incorporation of SiGe in the channel resulted in a 70% enhancement in the drive current.
Historical perspective for electrical engineering education

Engineering education as we know it is quite recent. Although engineers have been important for millenia, schools were not needed until the eighteenth century. Then France and Germany began to train engineers on the university level. In the early nineteenth century, the ideas and methods of those countries were introduced by the United States in institutes of technology. Soon after the middle of the nineteenth century, the German plans for technical education began to be grafted onto our literary universities, which had largely followed the English model. American activity was heightened by the Land Grant Act passed by Congress and signed by Lincoln in 1862. Specialization within engineering had led to a separation of mechanical engineering from "civil" soon after the development of the steam engine. Electrical engineers split from mechanical engineers in the late nineteenth century. College curricula appeared and the AIEE was organized. The concepts of electricity held by such men as Faraday, Henry, and Maxwell are traced through the centuries. Henry's telegraph was followed by lights, motors, and generators. After Thompson's discovery of electrons, the thermionic valve and the audion appeared. The IRE was formed, and the "electronics" options appeared in college curricula. Both World Wars led to growths of technology which were rapidly absorbed into peacetime developments. Expansion continues. The AIEE and the IRE merged into the IEEE, indicating an interdependence, and the undergraduate college curricula show the same unity of concept between electrical power and information systems. Postgraduate curricula, on the other hand, show continually greater specialization. For the future, a general culture will surely require education in science and its applications. We must continue to train the practitioners of engineering, and in addition we must help educate all serious students. This double responsibility lies before us.
Evaluating the Convergence of Muscle Appearance Attitude Measures.

There has been growing interest in the assessment of a muscular appearance. Given the importance of assessing muscle appearance attitudes, the aim of this study was to explore the convergence of the Drive for Muscularity Scale, Somatomorphic Matrix, Contour Drawing Rating Scale,Male Figure Drawings, and the Muscularity Rating Scale. Participants were 76 men and 103 women who each completed four measures of body image that were meant to evaluate two distinct domainsof appearance attitudes: muscularity and body fat. For both genders, data indicated low convergence among muscularity measures, but high convergence among body fat measures. For men, the Drivefor Muscularity Body Image subscale exhibited the greatest concurrent validity with behaviors used to increase muscularity. The results are discussed in light of the selection of methods forthe assessment of muscle appearance attitudes.
The Memory of Feeling: Envy and Happiness

This essay explores how happiness is maintained as a memory of the first relationship and when that memory is disturbed, envy can set in. Envy is the angry feeling that another person possesses and enjoys something desirable—the envious impulse being to take it away or to spoil it. The thought of Melanie Klein and her 1957 work, Envy and Gratitude, guides the inquiry. Happiness in one person can offend when another experiences the happiness as goodness of life that is being withheld from them. Since all persons carry the memory of happiness, seeing the happiness of others reminds us of something once owned or experienced, but now lost. Envy becomes a defense against the painful memory of happiness once known. The biblical figure King Saul is identified as someone who experienced envy in the face of a young David’s happiness. Envy not only robs a person of happiness, it removes a sense of gratitude.
Associated Tooth Set of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (Mitsukurinidae), from the Niobrara Chalk of Western Kansas

Abstract The occurrence of the first associated tooth set of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform shark, Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (Mitsukurinidae), is described from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk in Gove County, Kansas. The specimen, which consists of five small teeth, represents the most recent (Late Coniacian) occurrence of the species in Kansas. Morphological variation observed in the tooth set confirms the presence of heterodonty in the dentition of this taxon. By comparing the teeth of S. raphiodon with those of the extant mitsukurinid shark (Mitsukurina owstoni), the total body length of the fossil individual is estimated conservatively to be 59 cm. Similar to M. owstoni, S. raphiodon possibly fed on small fishes and squid, but this idea is yet to be confirmed.
Pitfalls in the Management of Angina in the Elderly

Aging is a physiological process that influences the life span when associated with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, coronary disease, systemic hypertension, and congestive heart failure. The chronology inherent in aging should not preclude the use of effective therapy in appropriate settings. In the elderly (defined as “of or pertaining to persons in later life” by the Random House Dictionary, unabridged version), the reductions in mortality from pharmacological or therapeutic interventions are often similar. Studies have demonstrated low complication rates and high rates of successful outcomes in elderly persons undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. 1
Effects of Quinine on the Excitability and Voltage-Dependent Currents of Isolated Spiral Ganglion Neurons in Culture

Lin, Xi, Shanping Chen, and Daniel Tee. Effects of quinine on the excitability and voltage-dependent currents of isolated spiral ganglion neurons in culture. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2503–2512, 1998. T...
Lysosomal storage disorders: Mucopolysaccharidoses

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are lysosomal storage diseases characterized by deficient degradation of mucopolysaccharides or glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Abnormal storage of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, or hyaluronan occurs in all seven types of MPS due to a deficiency in one of the enzymes in the catabolic pathways of GAGs. MPS disorders are usually multisystemic, with progressive involvement of brain, visceral organs, and bones. However, patients with MPS type IV and VI generally do not have cognitive impairment or central nervous system (CNS) involvement. The characteristic skeletal abnormalities are unique features of MPS IV or Morquio syndrome that are not seen in other types of MPS. Most individuals with MPS appear normal at birth and clinical features develop over time. Each type of MPS has classic or severe presentations as well as attenuated disease forms. Urinary GAG analysis is useful for differential diagnosis and detects total elevations as well as elevated species of GAGs. More recently, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of GAG-specific disaccharides generated by either enzyme digestion or methanolysis provides a more specific and sensitive solution for screening and monitoring patients with MPS. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been the mainstay for treating several of the MPSs. Food and Drug Administration approved ERT are available for MPS I, II, IV, and VI. Other therapeutic modalities to target-specific tissues, such as CNS, are being investigated.
Confidence intervals for population reliability coefficients: Evaluation of methods, recommendations, and software for composite measures

A composite score is the sum of a set of components. For example, a total test score can be defined as the sum of the individual items. The reliability of composite scores is of interest in a wide variety of contexts due to their widespread use and applicability to many disciplines. The psychometric literature has devoted considerable time to discussing how to best estimate the population reliability value. However, all point estimates of a reliability coefficient fail to convey the uncertainty associated with the estimate as it estimates the population value. Correspondingly, a confidence interval is recommended to convey the uncertainty with which the population value of the reliability coefficient has been estimated. However, many confidence interval methods for bracketing the population reliability coefficient exist and it is not clear which method is most appropriate in general or in a variety of specific circumstances. We evaluate these confidence interval methods for 4 reliability coefficients (coefficient alpha, coefficient omega, hierarchical omega, and categorical omega) under a variety of conditions with 3 large-scale Monte Carlo simulation studies. Our findings lead us to generally recommend bootstrap confidence intervals for hierarchical omega for continuous items and categorical omega for categorical items. All of the methods we discuss are implemented in the freely available R language and environment via the MBESS package.
Model observer design for detecting multiple abnormalities in anatomical background images

As psychophysical studies are resource-intensive to conduct, model observers are commonly used to assess and optimize medical imaging quality. Existing model observers were typically designed to detect at most one signal. However, in clinical practice, there may be multiple abnormalities in a single image set (e.g., multifocal and multicentric breast cancers (MMBC)), which can impact treatment planning. Prevalence of signals can be different across anatomical regions, and human observers do not know the number or location of signals a priori. As new imaging techniques have the potential to improve multiple-signal detection (e.g., digital breast tomosynthesis may be more effective for diagnosis of MMBC than planar mammography), image quality assessment approaches addressing such tasks are needed. In this study, we present a model-observer mechanism to detect multiple signals in the same image dataset. To handle the high dimensionality of images, a novel implementation of partial least squares (PLS) was developed to estimate different sets of efficient channels directly from the images. Without any prior knowledge of the background or the signals, the PLS channels capture interactions between signals and the background which provide discriminant image information. Corresponding linear decision templates are employed to generate both image-level and location-specific scores on the presence of signals. Our preliminary results show that the model observer using PLS channels, compared to our first attempts with Laguerre-Gauss channels, can achieve high performance with a reasonably small number of channels, and the optimal design of the model observer may vary as the tasks of clinical interest change.
PARMOD : a simulation model for the population dynamics of Muscidifurax spp. and Spalangia spp. (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae), parasites of house fly Pupae (Diptera : Muscidae)

The population dynamics of four parasites of house fly, Musca domestica L., pupae, Spalangia endius Walker, S. cameroni Perkins, Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, and M. zaraptor Kogan & Legner, and their host were simulated in a computer model written in the C language. The model incorporates nonlinear temperature-dependent development, effects of host–parasite ratio on host mortality and parasitism, competition between adult parasites, and options for various insecticide, manure removal, and parasite release strategies for fly control. Examples of the results of simulating parasite releases and pesticide applications are presented.
Expansion of tropism of a feline parvovirus to target a human tumor cell line by display of an αV integrin binding peptide on the capsid

The autonomous parvoviruses are small, non-enveloped, single strand DNA viruses. They occur in many species and they have oncolytic properties. We are modifying the capsid of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), a parvovirus which normally infects feline cells, with the goal of targeting human tumor cells for potential cancer therapy. Using recombinant viruses transducing a luciferase reporter, we show that insertion of a cyclically constrained, integrin-binding peptide at an exposed position on the FPV capsid enables transduction of an αv integrin-expressing human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (Rh18A). These cells were not transduced by virus with the unmodified FPV capsid. Transduction of Rh18A was specifically inhibited by an αv integrin blocking antibody. However, other human tumor lines expressing αv integrins were not transduced by virus with either the modified or unmodified capsid. We conclude that modification of the FPV capsid to bind αv integrins can contribute to, but is not generally sufficient for, redirecting infection to human tumor cells. The permissiveness of Rh18A cells presumably involves additional factors unique to this line among various human cell lines tested.
Within-Gender Differences in Medical Decision Making Among Male Carriers of the BRCA Genetic Mutation for Hereditary Breast Cancer:

An intersectional approach was used to understand sex/gender differences in men's health decisions with regard to hereditary breast cancer (BRCA). A sequential explanatory mixed method design was employed consisting of an online survey with a convenience sample of 101 men who tested positive for the breast cancer mutation following up with an in-depth interview with a subsample of 26 males who participated in the survey. The survey results revealed that 70.3% ( n = 45) considered "Family Risk" as the primary reason for getting BRCA tested; 21.9% ( n = 14) considered "Medical Considerations," and 7.8% ( n = 5) considered "Social Support" as their primary reason. Male participants who were 50 years old or younger or who did not have children were more likely to consider medical reasons as the primary reason to get tested. In terms of self-concept, younger men were more stigmatized than their older counterparts; married men felt a greater loss of control with regard to their BRCA-positive mutation diagnosis than single men; and professional men as a whole felt more vulnerable to the negative influences of the disease than those who had already retired. Regression analysis results indicated that negative self-concept was strongly related to sampled males' BRCA involvement 6 months after testing. Applying an intersectional approach to health care, decision-making outcomes among BRCA-positive mutation males provides an important lens for ascertaining the within-sex/gender demographic and psychosocial factors that affect the diversity of men's pretesting and posttesting medical decisions.
Consideration on the Management of Scientific Research Files in Medical College for Nationalities

Scientific research files refer to all kinds of valuable scientific research fruits and documents concerned with scientific research accumulated in scientific research activities,which has great preserving value to provide practical research with theoretical support and reference,taken as historical materials.In the light of problems in the exploitatbn of scientific research files and management in medical college for nationalities,the paper puts forward some measures.
The analysis of schistosomiasis in the national surveillance site of Hubei province in 2012

Objective To understand the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in the national surveillance sites in Hubei province in 2012,in order to provide the scientific basis for making the prevention and control program. Methods According to the national surveillance protocol,the surveys of residents,livestock and Oncomelania snails were implemented in the 16 national surveillance sites,and the implementation conditions of advanced schistosomiasis clinical pathway in the county of national surveillance sites were investigated. SPSS19.0 was used for data analysis. Results In 16 surveillance sites, the infection rate of residents was 0.42%, the infection rate of cattle was 0.58%, the infection rate of cattle on the field with snails was 78.35%,snail density was 0.196 / 0.11 m2. There was no snail infection in the 16 national surveillance sites. 15 counties of national surveillance sites have developed advanced schistosomiasis clinical pathway, the admittance rate was 11.33%.Conclusion Source of infection based comprehensive prevention strategy had been successful. The study of new technology for controlling snails and cattle as long term strategy should be strengthened. The admission of the clinical pathway for the advanced schistosomiasis was low, the next focus should be the strengthen of the clinical pathway training and the attention paid by leaders.
Patient-physician language concordance and use of preventive care services among limited English proficient Latinos and Asians.

Objectives.Patient-physician language concordance among limited English proficient (LEP) patients is associated with better outcomes for specific clinical conditions. Whether or not language concordance contributes to use of specific preventive care services is unclear.Methods.We pooled data from the 2007 and 2009 California Health Interview Surveys to examine mammography, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, and influenza vaccination use among self-identified LEP Latino and Asian (i.e., Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese) immigrants. We defined language concordance by respondents reporting that their physician spoke their non-English language. Analyses were completed in 2013–2014.Results.Language concordance did not appear to facilitate mammography use among Latinas (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72, 1.45). Among Asian women, we could not definitively exclude a negative association of language concordance with mammography (AOR=0.55, 95% CI 0.27, 1.09). Patient-physician lang...
Attitudes to reform: political parties in Ulster and the Irish land bill of 1881

The Irish land act of 1881, it is generally agreed, was a victory for the Land League and Parnell, and nationalist policy with regard to the act and the attitude of southern tenants towards it have been many times subjected to detailed examination by historians of this period. In these analyses of the events of 1880–81, however, little reference is normally made to the part played by the different parties and interests in the north of the country. It is often assumed, for example, that the Ulster tenants held aloof from the campaign for reform, lending no more than occasional vocal support to the agitational efforts of tenants in the south and west. Indeed, they were later excoriated by William O'Brien, Michael Davitt and others not only for giving no support to the land movement but also for sabotaging Parnell's policy of testing the 1881 act by precipitately rushing into the land courts to take advantage of the new legislation: ‘that hard-fisted body of men, having done nothing themselves to win the act, thought of nothing but turning it to their own immediate use, and repudiating any solidarity with the southern and western rebels to whom they really owed it’. If, however, northern tenants were harshly judged by nationalist politicians in the years after 1881, the part played by the northern political parties in the history of the land bill has been either ignored or misunderstood by historians since that time. The Ulster liberals, for example, are rarely mentioned, the implication being that they made no contribution to the act even though it implemented almost exactly the programme on which they had been campaigning for much of the previous decade. The northern conservatives, on the other hand, are commonly seen as leading opponents of the bill, more intransigent than their party colleagues in the south, ‘quick to denounce any weakening of the opposition’ to reform, and ‘determined to keep the tory party up to the mark in defending the landlord interest’
Euthyphro and Moral Realism: A Reply to Harrison

Gerald Harrison identifies two Euthyphro-related concerns for divine command theories and makes the case that to the extent that these concerns make trouble for divine command theories they also make trouble for non-naturalistic moral realism and naturalistic moral realism (call this the parity thesis). He also offers responses to the two concerns on behalf of divine command theorists. I show here that the parity thesis does not hold for the most commonly discussed version of divine command theory. I further argue that his responses to the two concerns fail. Finally, I draw on some of Harrison’s ideas to identify an advantage that non-naturalistic moral realism has over divine command theories and naturalistic moral realism.
Asymptotic tests for interval-valued means

Abstract We develop asymptotic tests for the means of interval-valued population. The problem is formulated and studied in the framework of random compact convex sets. Under both one-sample and two-sample settings, we derive analytical forms of the probability density functions for the limiting null distributions. Large sample testing rules are given based on numerical integration of the Bessel function.
Treatment Options When Short-Acting Dopamine Agonists Fail or Cause Augmentation: Switching or Adding Medications

Short-acting dopamine agonists are currently the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating RLS. Although many patients may do well with low doses of these drugs, the majority of patients may eventually fail this treatment or develop augmentation. These patients may need to change their treatment or add other therapy to control their RLS symptoms. This chapter discusses the different reasons for treatment failure and the various options for managing them. Guidelines include a revised algorithm for dealing with augmentation from short-acting dopamine agonists.
Identity: Three Global Perspectives

In 2012, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum announced the launch of a new major project, the Guggenheim UBS MAP Global Art Initiative. Hailed as an unprecedented cross-cultural project, its goal was ...
GRACE Groundwater Drought Index: Evaluation of California Central Valley groundwater drought

Abstract Quantitative approaches to assess the complexity of groundwater drought are hindered by the lack of direct observations of groundwater over space and time. Here, we present an approach to evaluate groundwater drought occurrence based on observations from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. Normalized GRACE-derived groundwater storage deviations are shown to quantify groundwater storage deficits during the GRACE record, which we define as the GRACE Groundwater Drought Index (GGDI). As a case study, GGDI is applied over the Central Valley of California, a regional aquifer undergoing intensive human activities and subject to significant drought periods during the GRACE record. Relations between GGDI and other hydrological drought indices highlight our ability to capture drought delays unique to groundwater drought. Further, GGDI captures characteristics of groundwater drought that occur as a result of complex human activities and natural changes, thus presenting a framework to assess multi-driver groundwater drought characteristics.
Men Seeing Stars: Celebrity Endorsers, Race, and The Male Consumer

This project explores attitudes of males of different ages toward black and white celebrity endorsers. Using advertisements for a men’s fragrance, the authors determine that although males of various age cohorts have similar perceptions of a celebrity’s credibility, likability and attractiveness, once paired with a product in an advertisement, attitude measures diverge. Older white male consumers have significantly more positive attitudes toward products endorsed by white celebrities versus black celebrities while young males make no such distinction. A key explanation for this difference lies in the self-focused value orientation of younger males. Multiple study iterations replicate results and reinforce findings.
ExSIS: Extended sure independence screening for ultrahigh-dimensional linear models

Abstract Statistical inference can be computationally prohibitive in ultrahigh-dimensional linear models. Correlation-based variable screening, in which one leverages marginal correlations for removal of irrelevant variables from the model prior to statistical inference, can be used to overcome this challenge. Prior works on correlation-based variable screening either impose statistical priors on the linear model or assume specific post-screening inference methods. This paper first extends the analysis of correlation-based variable screening to arbitrary linear models and post-screening inference techniques. In particular, (i) it shows that a condition—termed the screening condition—is sufficient for successful correlation-based screening of linear models, and (ii) it provides insights into the dependence of marginal correlation-based screening on different problem parameters. Numerical experiments confirm that these insights are not mere artifacts of analysis; rather, they are reflective of the challenges associated with marginal correlation-based variable screening. Second, the paper explicitly derives the screening condition for arbitrary (random or deterministic) linear models and, in the process, it establishes that—under appropriate conditions—it is possible to reduce the dimension of an ultrahigh-dimensional, arbitrary linear model to almost the sample size even when the number of active variables scales almost linearly with the sample size. Third, it specializes the screening condition to sub-Gaussian linear models and contrasts the final results to those existing in the literature. This specialization formally validates the claim that the main result of this paper generalizes existing ones on correlation-based screening.
Actin polymerization contributes to enhanced pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity after chronic hypoxia.

This research is the first to demonstrate a role for actin polymerization in chronic hypoxia-induced basal pulmonary arterial constriction and enhanced agonist-induced vasoconstrictor activity. The...
Buying vitamins: Newfoundland cod liver oil and the real subsumption of nature, 1919–1939

Abstract The discovery of new use-values in commodities by science and the creation of new needs in consumers by marketing is a capitalist imperative. Drawing on archival work that examines the effects of the scientific discovery of vitamins on Newfoundland’s interwar cod liver oil industry, this paper locates these processes as a moment in an expanded conception of the real subsumption of nature under capital. I identify intensive and extensive logics of circulation that map onto the division between absolute and relative surplus-value, on the one hand, and the formal and real subsumption of nature, on the other. I conclude by arguing that understanding the full historical geography of real subsumption, by extending its scope beyond production and its periodization beyond the neoliberal era, is essential for reckoning and resisting the contemporary destruction of the world-ocean.
“The Shanghai Mint and U.S.–China Monetary Interactions, 1920–1933”

This article uses primary sources from China, Taiwan, and the United States to chronicle the history of the Shanghai Mint and u.s.–China monetary interactions during the 1920s and early 1930s. It focuses on the period immediately preceding the well-known Silver Purchase Act of 1934 and the Nationalist government’s decision to abandon the silver standard in favor of a managed currency, the fabi , in November 1935. The article highlights the importance of U.S. advisors, particularly mint technician Clifford Hewitt and Princeton University professor Edwin Kemmerer, in debates about whether China should adopt the gold-exchange standard or stay on the silver standard, as well as their role in the elimination of the silver tael ( liang ) as a unit of account. The article demonstrates the long-standing interest of the United States in Chinese currency reform and shows how, in the 1920s, this interest often manifested itself in the interactions between Chinese officials and conduits like Hewitt and Kemmerer, rather than monetary missions that the U.S. Congress approved as had been the case in the early 1900s. Finally, the article traces the goals of successive Chinese governments to exercise more control over the currency of modern China and the role of U.S. advisors in that process.
Early Neglect and the Development of Aggression in Toddlerhood: The Role of Working Memory.

Previous research has provided evidence for the robust relation between maltreatment and the development of externalizing behavior, including aggression. However, less empirical attention has been ...
Postcataract Ptosis: A Randomized, Double-masked Comparison of Peribulbar and Retrobulbar Anesthesia

Purpose: A randomized, double-masked study of 317 patients was conducted to determine if the incidence of postcataract ptosis is greater with retrobulbar or twoinjection peribulbar injection anesthesia. Methods: Surgery consisted of a planned extracapsular extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation, and no superior rectus bridle suture was used. Ptosis was quantitatively documented preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 2, 5, and 90 days by the surgeon, photographically at 90 days by a masked observer, and subjectively by the patients. Postcataract ptosis was defined as a drop in the lid margin of 2 mm or greater after correcting for any change in the fellow eye. Results: The incidence of ptosis at 90 days in patients given peribulbar anesthesia was 5.8% and in patients given retrobulbar anesthesia 5.5%, and this difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.90). Eighteen percent of patients in both groups reported a change in the appearance of their eyelids. There was a moderate, positive correlation among patients who reported a change in their lid position and objective measurements of ptosis. Preoperative clinical measurements of vertical lid fissure width and levator function, and the appearance of the lid crease or superior sulcus were not predictive for the development of postoperative ptosis at 90 days; the best predictor was the presence of ptosis in the immediate postoperative period. Conclusions: The incidence of postcataract ptosis is the same whether two injection peribulbar or retrobulbar anesthesia is used.
Scapular stabilization in patients with spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND Severe scapular instability can be a considerable problem for people with high-level cervical spinal cord injury. Scapular instability reduces the effectiveness of the already weakened shoulder flexors and abductors, thereby limiting hand-to-mouth and hand-to-head activities. The winged scapula may cause inferior pole skin breakdown, as well as neck and shoulder pain. OBJECTIVE To report the efficacy of a fusionless scapular stabilization procedure as a means to enhance function in a consecutive group of patients with high-level cervical spinal cord injury. METHODS Four people with spinal cord injury at C4-C5 (2 male, 2 female; mean age = 17.3 years, range = 14-20 years) underwent scapular stabilization via scapulothoracic fusion (N=2) or by tethering the scapula to the rib cage with Mersilene tape as a fusionless stabilization (N=2). One patient died of unrelated causes 18 months after surgery, and the remaining 3 were followed for 26, 39, and 41 months, respectively. Data collection included radiographic analysis, active range of motion measures, and functional assessment. RESULTS Active shoulder flexion and abduction remained unchanged in 2 patients, but functional scores improved with regard to feeding and grooming capability. All patients reported satisfaction with postoperative appearance, and 3 patients reported considerable reduction in shoulder pain after surgery. Radiographs demonstrated maintenance of stable scapular alignment in all patients at final follow up. Wound breakdown, requiring removal of instrumentation, occurred in 2 patients. CONCLUSION Scapular stabilization with or without fusion is a viable option to improve appearance, pain, and upper extremity function in people with high-level tetraplegia and scapular instability.
What is the Inverse of a Basis

A formula is given for the inverse of the linear map, from coordinate space to a linear space, induced by a basis for that linear space, which is then connected to various basic Applied Linear Algebra constructs.
Storytelling in Acoustic Spaces: Podcasting as Embodied and Engaged Scholarship

Health Communication launched the "Defining Moments" feature of the journal in 2009, including essays that showcase the social and material power of storytelling. Over the past 10 years, essays have enlarged academic conventions and offered diverse entry points for refiguring the experience of living well in the midst of inescapable illness, trauma, and disability. Health Communication builds on this legacy by introducing a podcast by the same name. In this essay, I position podcasting as embodied and engaged scholarship that connects health communication scholars, physicians and other care providers, patients and families, and general publics interested in illness and healthcare, vulnerability and well-being.
Acknowledgment of Ad Hoc Reviewers.

In 2019, we have seen mSystems become one of the premier destinations for microbiome and systems biology research, especially with a push into synthetic microbiology. Without reviewers dedicating their expertise and time to supporting the timely peer review of these studies, we would not be