cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
tRNA leucine identity and recognition sets.

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are grouped into two classes based on the structure of their variable loop. In Escherichia coli, tRNAs from three isoaccepting groups are classified as type II. Leucine tRNAs comprise one such group. We used both in vivo and in vitro approaches to determine the nucleotides that are required for tRNA(Leu) function. In addition, to investigate the role of the tRNA fold, we compared the in vivo and in vitro characteristics of type I tRNA(Leu) variants with their type II counterparts.A minimum of six conserved tRNA(Leu) nucleotides were required to change the amino acid identity and recognition of a type II tRNA(Ser) amber suppressor from a serine to a leucine residue. Five of these nucleotides affect tRNA tertiary structure; the G15-C48 tertiary "Levitt base-pair" in tRNA(Ser) was changed to A15-U48; the number of nucleotides in the alpha and beta regions of the D-loop was changed to achieve the positioning of G18 and G19 that is found in all tRNA(Leu); a base was inserted at position 47n between the base-paired extra stem and the T-stem; in addition the G73 "discriminator" base of tRNA(Ser) was changed to A73. This minimally altered tRNA(Ser) exclusively inserted leucine residues and was an excellent in vitro substrate for LeuRS. In a parallel experiment, nucleotide substitutions were made in a glutamine-inserting type I tRNA (RNA(SerDelta); an amber suppressor in which the tRNA(Ser) type II extra-stem-loop is replaced by a consensus type I loop). This "type I" swap experiment was successful both in vivo and in vitro but required more nucleotide substitutions than did the type II swap. The type I and II swaps revealed differences in the contributions of the tRNA(Leu) acceptor stem base-pairs to tRNA(Leu) function: in the type I, but not the type II fold, leucine specificity was contingent on the presence of the tRNA(Leu) acceptor stem sequence. The type I and II tRNAs used in this study differed only in the sequence and structure of the variable loop. By altering this loop, and thereby possibly introducing subtle changes into the overall tRNA fold, it became possible to detect otherwise cryptic contributions of the acceptor stem sequence to recognition by LeuRS. Possible reasons for this effect are discussed.
Cost Effective Methodology For Developing A 360-Degree Interactive Motion Picture

This paper presents a low cost alternative to expensive domes or set of large adjacent CRT displays arranged in optical mosaics to provide 360-degree hemispheric field of view. The concept is based on unique capabilities of interactive video discs together with head-mounted visually-coupled systems currently used in the design of low cost visual simulators for the military training community.
Mass transfer of NH3 into water at environmental concentrations

Abstract The mass transfer of NH 3 , into water at environmental concentrations has been studied in a two-phase flow reactor. The concentration of NH 3 in water ranged from 10 −6 to 10 −4 mole l. −1 and the temperature was chjanged from 12 to 30°C. At the conditions of this experiment, the overall mass transfer coefficient ( K ) is more dependent on the hydrodynamics of the gas phase than of the liquid phase. No significant concentration or temperature effects on the value of K have been observed. The mass transport of NH 3 is interpreted in terms of the individual gas phase and liquid phase mass transfer coefficients.
The feasibility of measuring the heritability of growth pattern variation in juvenile freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

Abstract The feasibility of estimating genetic variance among full and half sib families of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, was investigated. The broad sense heritability, h2, for juvenile prawns was estimated to be low: about 0.35 (± 0.15) for females and not statistically different from zero for males. This sexual dimorphism of h2 values was attributed to sex-linkage variance but caution is urged in interpreting these values for indications of possible response to selection. Heritability estimates were made on individuals from 50 full and half sib families nested within 16 sires in an unbalanced design of 5, 4, 3, and 2 dams per sire for 3, 3, 3, and 7, respectively, sire families. Sibships were spawned over a 7-day period using a prechosen pool of sires and dams, the latter especially picked for their ovigerous condition and pre-ecdysis nuptial molt stage. Expected molt patterns which allowed selection of the dam pool were derived in advance. Mating and spawning success of both dams and sires was high; about one-third of the ovigerous females chosen were usable as dams and nearly all of these, as well as the sires, gave successful spawns. Post-larvae rearing tables were used in the juvenile growth phase. Rearing table main effects were encountered in the latter stages of the study and therefore separate h2 estimates were made for each table. The table rearing system was effective in rearing individuals, thereby eliminating the need for individual tagging, up to an average weight of 2 g. Temperatures (26–28°C) needed for acceptable growth rate were maintained. One management-related episode of acute hypoxia developed which caused a large mortality. Recommendations to minimize these risks are made.
Liquid Surface Motion Induced by Acceleration and External Pressure

Pressure and acceleration-induced distortion of an incompressible, inviscid liquid region is predicted numerically. The liquid is bounded by both fixed and free boundaries, and its motion is irrotational. Normal velocity is prescribed on fixed, though perhaps permeable boundaries, and the starting velocity potential is given on all free surfaces. Distortions of the liquid region are described by the motion of discrete kinematic markers assigned to each free surface. Problems are formulated on a square mesh computation field in terms of velocity potential. The liquid region interior is solved numerically by overrelaxation at every time step, which permits velocity components and potential rates to be calculated at the free surfaces. Marker positions and potentials are advanced each time step, thus preparing the computation field for further overrelaxation, and the process is repeated until finished. This technique was formulated as a Fortran IV computer program, FREESURF, for studying free surface motions. The technique can solve two-dimension rectangular or axisymmetric problems with fixed boundaries and up to three free surfaces. Bubble expansion and collapse near a free surface, dam break flows, draining of a tank, and other similar problems can be predicted with the method.
Finite rank Hankel operators on the polydisk

Abstract We give a different proof of Power's several variables generalization of the well-known Kronecker's result on finite rank Hankel matrices. This also leads to a formula for the rank of a small Hankel operator on polydisk in terms of a certain degree of its rational symbol.
Catalysis and binding of cyclophilin A with different HIV-1 capsid constructs.

The prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (CypA) is required for efficient HIV-1 replication and is incorporated into virions through a binding interaction at the Gly -Pro 222 bond located within the capsid domain of the HIV-1 Gag precursor polyprotein (Pr gag ). It has recently been shown that CypA efficiently catalyzes the cis/trans isomerization of Gly-Pro 222 within the isolated N-terminal domain of capsid (CA N ). To address the proposal that CypA interacts with Gly-Pro sequences in the C-terminal domain of a mature capsid, the interaction between CypA and the natively folded, full-length capsid protein (CA FL ) has been investigated here using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, a fragment of the Pr gag protein encoding the full-matrix protein and the N-terminal domain of capsid (MA-CA N ) has been used to probe the catalytic interaction between CypA and an immature form of the capsid. The results discussed herein strongly suggest that Gly-Pro 222 located within the N-terminal domain of the capsid is the preferential site for CypA binding and catalysis and that catalysis of Gly -Pro 222 is unaffected by maturational processing at the N-terminus of the capsid.
Labor Militancy in South Korea

Korea has adopted the labor institutions of Japan, which are noted for ensuring industrial peace unparalleled elsewhere, fostering worker-management cooperation: company unionism, no temporary layoffs, synchronized annual contracts, seniority-based wages, and the bonus system. Yet the labor relations in Korea have been turbulent for the last 15 years, with its strike intensity exceeding that of any industrialized country during most of that period. Why is labor so militant in South Korea? This research identifies two types of factors responsible for Korean labor militancy. First are sociopolitical factors: abrupt decontrol of labor relations in 1987 for which labor and management were and continue to be ill prepared, and the dominance of the age-cohort of young, assertive workers in the workforce. The second factor is that Korean industrial policy and structure are shown to encourage union militancy as an unintended consequence.
Patient safety in clinical research articles

Patient safety has remained one of the most important priorities over the past decade, particularly in hospital settings. Implementation of patient safety measures has focused not only on reducing medication and surgical errors but also on the development of a culture of safety, including enhanced communication among all healthcare stakeholders. Academic medicine may further contribute to the culture of safety if all relevant clinical article submissions address patient safety. In order to improve communication between the authors of clinical research articles and practicing physicians, we propose that each clinical research article may be accompanied by a clear statement from the authors regarding practice implications and patient safety.
The electrochemistry of permselective membranes. III. The electrical resistance of permselective collodion membranes in solutions of various electrolytes

Abstract 1. 1. A study was made of the time required in which final, stable electrical resistances are established with three electrolytes—potassium chloride, lithium chloride, potassium sulfate—across three types of permselective oxidized collodion membranes, being originally in the acidic state. These periods vary from 15 min. to many hours. Equilibration is reached somewhat faster with membranes of higher porosity. A large noncritical ion does not seem to retard the establishment of the equilibrium to a significant extent. A large critical ion, however, seems to slow down equilibration. The concentration of the solution in contact with the membrane seems to be of little significance. The establishment of final, stable resistances requires much longer periods than those necessary for reaching final, stable concentration potentials under comparable conditions. 2. 2. The final, stable resistances of four types of permselective collodion membranes equilibrated with solutions of six electrolytes at three concentrations, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 N , were measured and tabulated. The data are evaluated as to the differences of the various types of membranes, the influence of the concentration on membrane resistance, and the influence of the nature of the electrolyte. A comparison is also made of the concentration function of the resistance of the same membranes equilibrated with solutions of different electrolytes; and of the concentration function of the resistance of different membranes with solutions of the same electrolytes. 3. 3. Certain shortcomings of the permselective oxidized collodion membranes, their deficiency in mechanical strength, and mainly their weak acid character are discussed, and possible ways of improving them are indicated.
Proto-oncogene activity of melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) regulates retinoblastoma-related p107 and E2F1 proteins.

Melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) is a low-abundance, primate-specific steroid receptor coregulator in normal tissues of the human reproductive tract that is expressed at higher levels in prostate cancer. Increased expression of MAGE-A11 enhances androgen receptor transcriptional activity and promotes prostate cancer cell growth. Further investigation into the mechanisms of MAGE-A11 function in prostate cancer demonstrated interactions with the retinoblastoma-related protein p107 and Rb tumor suppressor but no interaction with p130 of the Rb family. MAGE-A11 interaction with p107 was associated with transcriptional repression in cells with low MAGE-A11 and transcriptional activation in cells with higher MAGE-A11. Selective interaction of MAGE-A11 with retinoblastoma family members suggested the regulation of E2F transcription factors. MAGE-A11 stabilized p107 by inhibition of ubiquitination and linked p107 to hypophosphorylated E2F1 in association with the stabilization and activation of E2F1. The androgen receptor and MAGE-A11 modulated endogenous expression of the E2F1-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. The ability of MAGE-A11 to increase E2F1 transcriptional activity was similar to the activity of adenovirus early oncoprotein E1A and depended on MAGE-A11 interactions with p107 and p300. The immunoreactivity of p107 and MAGE-A11 was greater in advanced prostate cancer than in benign prostate, and knockdown with small inhibitory RNA showed that p107 is a transcriptional activator in prostate cancer cells. These results suggest that MAGE-A11 is a proto-oncogene whose increased expression in prostate cancer reverses retinoblastoma-related protein p107 from a transcriptional repressor to a transcriptional activator of the androgen receptor and E2F1. Background: Primate-specific melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) increases steroid receptor transcriptional activity and enhances prostate cancer cell growth. Results: MAGE-A11 activates E2F1 by interacting with retinoblastoma-related protein p107. Conclusion: MAGE-A11 influences cell cycle regulatory pathways in a molecular hub for transcription. Significance: MAGE-A11 is a proto-oncogene whose increased expression impacts multiple signaling mechanisms that contribute to prostate cancer growth and progression.
Drosophila as a Model Host for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection

Using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as model host, we have identified mutants of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduced virulence. Strikingly, all strains strongly impaired in fly killing also lacked twitching motility; most such strains had a mutation in pilGHIJKL chpABCDE, a gene cluster known to be required for twitching motility and potentially encoding a signal transduction system. The pil chp genes appear to control the expression of additional virulence factors, however, since the wild-type fly-killing phenotype of a subset of mutants isolated on the basis of their compact colony morphology indicated that twitching motility itself was not required for full virulence in the fly.
Bovine xenograft collateral ligament replacement in the dog.

A Study of the use of glutaraldehyde-stabilized bovine xenograft material as a collateral ligament replacement in 16 dogs has been done. Six xenograft implant complexes harvested 4 months postoperatively failed in tension at 772.2 ± 463.5 versus 799.7 ± 162.7 N ( ± 1 SD) for controls (p > 0.05, paired t test). Histologic evaluation in 10 dogs after implants of up to 1 year duration demonstrated a progressive invasion of the xenograft by host tissues. Xenograft remnants were easily identifiable at 1 year. The host tissues invaded in parallel to the passive collagen scaffolding of the xenograft and consisted of vessels and fibroblastic elements that produced collagen of host origin.
Temporal variability of benthic communities in an Alaskan glacial fjord, 1971-2007.

Temporal trends of deep-subtidal macrofauna in Port Valdez, Alaska, were assessed with respect to multiple environmental stressors. Effects from a magnitude 9.2 earthquake in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1964, were reflected in recolonization of the basin of the fjord, increased abundance and number of taxa over time, and moderately increased variability in abundance through 1990, stabilizing 26 years after the earthquake. Long-term climatic variability and local physical processes were important sources of spatial and temporal variability. Correlative evidence suggests that indirect effects of juvenile salmon from a shoreline salmon hatchery and deposition of adult salmon carcasses moderately enhanced deep-basin benthic communities. Effects on the deep benthos from a marine oil terminal were negligible. Overall, faunal trends deviated from the stability expected for benthic communities in other fjords. Physical characteristics of the fjord were important in mediating the effects of stressors and in delaying the readjustment process.
Devil's staircase, critical thickness, and propagating fingers in antiferroelectric liquid crystals.

From an expression for the energy of a cell containing an antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystal with only nearest-neighbor interactions between layers we conclude the following: (1) a critical cell thickness exists at which the commensurability of the system changes from unity to higher values; (2) for negative dielectric anisotropy there is another critical thickness below which a transition to ferroelectric alignment cannot be homogeneously nucleated at any field; and (3) the transition to and from ferroelectric alignment propagates as a stable solitary wave under certain conditions.
Deuteron structure from (p,2p) and (d,p) breakup data at medium energies.

The results of a nonrelativistic calculation of the exclusive {sup 2}H({ital p},2{ital p}){ital n} cross section and inclusive {sup 1}H({ital {rvec d}},{ital p}){ital X} cross section and tensor analyzing power {ital T}{sub 20}, based on an expansion of the scattering {tau} matrix up to double scattering, are presented. Five different wave functions, including Reid with soft core, Paris, Bonn, Amsterdam, and Moscow, as well as two {ital NN} phase-shift amplitude sets, VPI and Saclay-Geneva, are used. Detailed comparison with the data available indicates that double scattering is indeed important for both reaction channels. For ({ital p},2{ital p}) the complete calculation removes a discrepancy of a factor of 2 to 8 present if comparison is made with the impulse approximation only; the Paris wave function gives the best results. For ({ital {rvec d}},{ital p}) the complete calculation results agree fairly well with both cross section and {ital T}{sub 20} data up to {ital q}=200 MeV/{ital c}. However, neither an enhancement in {ital d}{sup 2}{sigma}, nor an abrupt turn toward less negative {ital T}{sub 20} values, both occurring for {ital q}{gt}250 MeV/{ital c}, can be explained by the present calculation. Neither the wave functions nor the {ital NN} amplitudes used are Lorentzmore » invariant, but the kinematics is treated relativistically. Possible causes for the discrepancy are briefly discussed.« less
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) of Conformal Polymeric Nanocoatings for the Surface Modification of High-Aspect-Ratio Pores

Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) was used to coat the surfaces of high-aspect-ratio (∼80:1) pores with functional polymeric films ranging in thickness between 10 and 150 nm. X-ray photoelectron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis confirmed the presence of the polymer coating along the pore wall. Static and dynamic contact angle measurements showed that the iCVD nanocoating altered the surface properties of the pores.
A real-time interactive computer model of a flexible manufacturing system

Abstract A real-time interactive model of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is described, with emphasis given to the system's structure and to the model's interactive component. An attempt is made to illustrate how the model can be used to extract knowledge concerning human strategies at supervisory control of an FMS, knowledge that would otherwise be largely inaccessible. This knowledge is considered essential for the development of expert systems that would serve as supervisory controllers of FMSs.
TAT peptide-based micelle system for potential active targeting of anti-cancer agents to acidic solid tumors

Abstract A novel drug targeting system for acidic solid tumors has been developed based on ultra pH-sensitive polymer and cell penetrating TAT. The delivery system consisted of two components: 1) A polymeric micelle that has a hydrophobic core made of poly( l -lactic acid) (PLLA) and a hydrophilic shell consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated to TAT (TAT micelle), 2) an ultra pH-sensitive diblock copolymer of poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine) (PSD) and PEG (PSD-b-PEG). The anionic PSD is complexed with cationic TAT of the micelles to achieve the final carrier, which could systemically shield the micelles and expose them at slightly acidic tumor pH. TAT micelles had particle sizes between 20 and 45 nm and their critical micelle concentrations were 3.5 mg/l to 5.5 mg/l. The TAT micelles, upon mixing with pH-sensitive PSD-b-PEG, showed a slight increase in particle size between pH 8.0 and 6.8 (60–90 nm), indicating complexation. As the pH was decreased (pH 6.6 to 6.0) two populations were observed, one that of normal TAT micelles (45 nm) and the other of aggregated hydrophobic PSD-b-PEG. Zeta potential measurements showed similar trend substantiating the shielding/deshielding process. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed significantly higher uptake of TAT micelles at pH 6.6 compared to pH 7.4 indicating shielding at normal pH and deshielding at tumor pH. The confocal microscopy indicated that the TAT not only translocates into the cells but is also seen on the surface of the nucleus. These results strongly indicate that the above micelles would be able to target any hydrophobic drug near the nucleus.
Machine learning approach to impact load estimation using fiber Bragg grating sensors

Automated detection of damage due to impact in composite structures is very important for aerospace structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors show promise in aerospace applications since they are immune to electromagnetic interference and can support multiple sensors in a single fiber. However, since they only measure strain along the length of the fiber, a prediction scheme that can estimate loading using randomly oriented sensors is key to damage state awareness. This paper focuses on the prediction of impact loading in composite structures as a function of time using a support vector regression (SVR) approach. A time delay embedding feature extraction scheme is used since it can characterize the dynamics of the impact using the sensor signal from the FBGs. The efficiency of this approach has been demonstrated on simulated composite plates and wing structures. Training with impacts at four locations with three different energies, the constructed framework is able to predict the force-time history at an unknown impact location to within 12 percent on the composite plate and to within 10 percent on a composite wing when the impact was within the sensor network region.
Carbon nanowires made on diamond surface by focused ion beam

Conductive carbon nanowires were made on the polished surface of a single crystal CVD diamond by 30 keV Ga+ ion beam focused to 20 nm. Measurements of conductance of the as-irradiated nanowires and those annealed at temperature 1400 °C revealed the onset of the ion-induced conductance to be of 2 × 1015 cm–2. Short nanowires (sub-micron length) irradiated with subthreshold doses from 5 × 1014 cm–2 to 3 × 1015 cm–2 exhibited unusually high conductivity of 105 Ω–1 cm–1 well exceeding the conductivity of bulk graphite and comparable with that of metals. Tentative explanation of the effect is formation of chains of highly conductive carbon nanorods along 〈100〉 direction in diamond lattice. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coital cerebral hemorrhage

Sudden headache, confusion, and hemiparesis followed within minutes of late-morning sexual intercourse in a 39-year-old man. Imaging studies revealed hemorrhage into a vascular malformation. Sexual intercourse and circadian rhythm independently elevate blood pressure, and their concurrence may predispose to cerebral hemorrhage in the presence of a vascular malformation.
Simulation and Quality Improvement in Anesthesiology

Simulation, a strategy for improving the quality and safety of patient care, is used for the training of technical and nontechnical skills and for training in teamwork and communication. This article reviews simulation-based research, with a focus on anesthesiology, at 3 different levels of outcome: (1) as measured in the simulation laboratory, (2) as measured in clinical performance, and (3) as measured in patient outcomes. It concludes with a discussion of some current uses of simulation, which include the identification of latent failures and the role of simulation in continuing professional practice assessment for anesthesiologists.
Metal hydride switchable mirrors : Factors influencing dynamic range and stability

Abstract Palladium-coated magnesium–manganese–nickel films behave as gasochromic switchable mirrors, becoming transparent on exposure to dilute hydrogen, and reverting to a mirror state on exposure to air. The cycling stability of the optical switching depends upon preservation of the integrity of the Pd catalyst overlayer. Alloying between Mg and Pd causes interdiffusion of the two elements, and leads to degradation in switching speed and eventual deactivation. Incorporation of a thin niobium oxide barrier layer between the active magnesium alloy film and the Pd layer substantially improves the cycling stability of the mirror.
Interactions Between Secretory Pathway Ca2+-ATPase 2 with TRP and Orai Channels Mediate Store Independent Ca2+ Entry in Lactation

Secretory pathway Ca2+ ATPases (SPCAs) are important in sequestering Ca2+ and Mn2+ from the cytoplasm into the Golgi and post-Golgi vesicles for important post-translational modifications to a multitude of enzymes. The two isoforms, SPCA1 and SPCA2 share high homology but have distinct localization and distribution. Whereas SPCA1 is a ubiquitous and essential protein with conventional Golgi localization, SPCA2 is expressed in highly secretory or absorptive epithelia where it can traffic to the plasma membrane. We showed that SPCA2 interacts with Orai1 to activate store-independent Ca2+ entry in breast cancer (Feng, et al, 2010). However, the normal physiological explanation for these interactions remains to be elucidated. Clinical studies have suggested a possible preventive role for lactation with respect to breast cancer (Neubauer, et al, 1994). In this study, we examine the interaction of SPCA2 with Orai1 and TRP channels throughout lactation. We show that: i) SPCA2 interacts with Orai1 and TRP channels, ii) these interactions are involved in the early stages of lactation and iii) these interactions may play a role in the sequestration of Ca2+ from the blood (2mM Ca2+ ) to the milk (40-80mM Ca2+).
The anhidrotic action of atropine on human thermoregulatory sweating

The extent to which thermally induced sweating is reduced by various dose levels of atropine was measured. Large doses did not inhibit sweating to a significantly greater degree than did the smallest dose employed. The peripheral depression of sweat gland neuroeffectors by atropine is antagonized by the effects of larger doses of atropine upon various other sites of action.
Plastic flow of Pt3Al single crystals

Abstract Compressive flow stress measurements have been performed on single crystals of the Ll2 alloy Pt3Al at temperatures ranging from near liquid He to 1080 K. Three different orientations of the compressive axis, near −[001], [123] and [111] have been investigated. At low temperatures, a dramatic increase of the flow stress with decreasing temperature, similar to that commonly observed in b.c.c. metals, has been found for all orientations studied. Also, unlike other f.c.c.-related materials, two distinct slip systems were observed, depending on the sample orientation. Two-surface slip trace analysis showed that only the cube slip systems operated at all test temperatures in specimens with [111] and [123] compression axes. On the other hand in the samples with the [001] compresive axis the primary octahedral slip system operated at low temperatures, and at higher temperatures, both octahedral and cube slip occurred. It is proposed that the rapid increase of the yield stress at low temperatures is in both cases a consequence of the sessile configuration of the screw dislocation core. While screws are always sessile in the case of {010} slip in Ll2 alloys, for {111} slip this is only so if the superdislocations are dissociated with superlattice intrinsic fault between the superpartials.
Behavioral and neuroanatomical investigation of Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM).

A single case study recently documented one woman’s ability to recall accurately vast amounts of autobiographical information, spanning most of her lifetime, without the use of practiced mnemonics (Parker, Cahill, & McGaugh, 2006). The current study reports findings based on eleven participants expressing this same memory ability, now referred to as Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM). Participants were identified and subsequently characterized based on screening for memory of public events. They were then tested for personal autobiographical memories as well as for memory assessed by laboratory memory tests. Additionally, whole-brain structural MRI scans were obtained. Results indicated that HSAM participants performed significantly better at recalling public as well as personal autobiographical events as well as the days and dates on which these events occurred. However, their performance was comparable to age- and sex-matched controls on most standard laboratory memory tests. Neuroanatomical results identified nine structures as being morphologically different from those of control participants. The study of HSAM may provide new insights into the neurobiology of autobiographical memory.
The genomic signal of partial sweeps in Mimulus guttatus

The molecular signature of selection depends strongly on whether new mutations are immediately favorable and sweep to fixation (hard sweeps) as opposed to when selection acts on segregating variation (soft sweeps). The prediction of reduced sequence variation around selected polymorphisms is much stronger for hard than soft sweeps, particularly when considering quantitative traits where sweeps are likely to be incomplete. Here, we directly investigate the genomic signal of soft sweeps within an artificial selection experiment on Mimulus guttatus. We first develop a statistical method based on Fisher’s angular transformation of allele frequencies to identify selected loci. Application of this method identifies about 400 significant windows, but no fixed differences between phenotypically divergent populations. With two notable exceptions, we find a modest average effect of partial sweeps on the amount of molecular variation. The first exception is a polymorphic inversion on chromosome 6. The increase of the derived haplotype has a broad genomic effect due to recombination suppression coupled with substantial initial haplotype structure within the population. Second, we found significant increases in nucleotide variation around selected loci in the population evolving larger flowers. This suggests that “high” alleles for flower size were initially less frequent than “low” alleles. This result is consistent with prior studies of M. guttatus and illustrates how molecular evolution can depend on the allele frequency spectrum at quantitative trait loci.
Five‐Year Effects of an Anti‐Poverty Program on Marriage among Never‐Married Mothers

Using data from an experimental evaluation of the New Hope project, an anti-poverty program that increased employment and income, this study examined the effects of New Hope on entry into marriage among never-married mothers. Among never-married mothers, New Hope significantly increased rates of marriage. Five years after random assignment, 21 percent of women assigned to the New Hope condition were married, compared to 12 percent of those assigned to the control group. The New Hope impact on marriage was robust to variations in model specification. The program also increased income, wage growth, and goal efficacy among never-married mothers, and decreased depression. In non-experimental analyses, income and earnings were associated with higher probability of marriage and material hardship was associated with lower probability of marriage. © 2006 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
Atmospheric 14 C as a proxy of solar and climatic change

The complexity of the atmospheric Δ14C record, as well as its relevance to the Sun’s heliomagnetic modulation of the cosmic ray flux, is discussed. An overriding role of the Sun is unlikely as oceanic thermohaline circulation variability plays an important part as well. Further augmentation of our knowledge of century type solar variability (which is now limited to the past 11,400 yr due to sample availability) will have to come from 10Be concentration measurements in ice cores.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis screening in women with tuberous sclerosis.

Background: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) occurs in at least 40% of women with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), as diagnosed based on chest CT scan fi ndings. Early identifi cation may inform lifestyle choices and treatment decisions. Here we report LAM prevalence in a large TSC clinic and propose an approach to CT scan screening for LAM in women with TSC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed initial chest CT scans of all female patients with TSC aged 15 years seen at our center over a 12-year period. Each CT image slice was manually scored for the presence or absence of characteristic thin-walled cysts, and the diagnosis of LAM was made if the sum of the cysts on all slices exceeded three cysts. Results: Of 133 female patients with TSC, 101 had chest CT scans available for review. Forty-eight (47.5%) met criteria for TSC-LAM on the initial CT scan. The risk of LAM was age dependent, rising by about 8% per year. The prevalence of LAM was 27% in subjects , 21 years of age and 81% in subjects . 40 years of age. Among asymptomatic subjects with LAM, 84% had cysts present in the single image at the level of the carina. Most subjects with LAM eventually developed pulmonary symptoms (63%), and 12.5% died from LAM. Conclusions: These results suggest that most women with TSC ultimately develop cystic changes consistent with LAM and that most cases can be identifi ed from a single CT imaging slice at the level of the carina. TSC-LAM was associated with appreciable morbidity and mortality in this referral population. An age-based approach using limited CT scanning methods may facilitate screening and subsequent treatment decisions with decreased radiation exposure in this at-risk population.
Design of an improved transmission/data processing code

Historically there has been strong difference of opinion in the construction of 6-bit (64-character) data codes, based upon whether the code is to be used for communications or data processing. This paper reports on investigation of an improved code which meets transmission requirements and requires very little modification for varied data processing usage.
Autonomic Recovery of Fiber/Matrix Interfacial Bond Strength in a Model Composite

Autonomic self-healing of interfacial damage in a model single-fi ber composite is achieved through sequestration of ca. 1.5 μ m diameter dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) healing-agent-fi lled capsules and recrystallized Grubbs’ catalyst to the fi ber/matrix interface. When damage initiates at the fi ber/matrix interface, the capsules on the fi ber surface rupture, and healing agent is released into the crack plane where it contacts the catalyst, initiating polymerization. A protocol for characterizing the effi ciency of interfacial healing for the singlefi ber system is established. Interfacial shear strength (IFSS), a measure of the bond strength between the fi ber and matrix, is evaluated for microbond specimens consisting of a single self-healing functionalized fi ber embedded in a microdroplet of epoxy. The initial (virgin) IFSS is equivalent or enhanced by the addition of capsules and catalyst to the interface and up to 44% average recovery of IFSS is achieved in self-healing samples after full interfacial debonding. Examination of the fracture interfaces by scanning electron microscopy reveals further evidence of a polyDCPD fi lm in self-healing samples. Recovery of IFSS is dictated by the bond strength of polyDCPD to the surrounding epoxy matrix.
Bounds on estimation and control performance for optical tracking in the presence of background radiation

Estimation and control lower bounds are developed for the problem of optical tracking. Model We consider a model for optically tracking an object that is moving about randomly in a stochastic background radiation that varies temporally and spatially. The model includes the effects of optical fading and scintillation, and it accommodates measurements derived from both optical detectors and from local sensors that monitor -,he state of the tracking devices, The state vectors of the tracking devices and of the target-motion dynamics (at the focal plane of the optical detector) are concatenated to form a global state vector, Ix(t), t 2 01, satisfying dx(t) = f[x(t),t]dt + D(t)u(t)dt + B(t)dw(t), x(0) = xo, where u(t) is a feedback-control signal derived from past measurements and w(t) is a standard Wiener process. There are two components to the measurements. The first is obtained as the output of the optical detection process. This is modeled as a space-time doubly stochastic Poisson process, wherein each point models a photoconversion in the detector. The event rate is
Originator control in usage control

Originator control is an access control policy that requires recipients to gain originator's approval for re-dissemination of disseminated digital object. Originator control policies are one of the generic and key concerns of usage control. Usage control is an emerging concept which encompasses traditional access control and digital rights management solutions. However, current commercial digital rights management (DRM) solutions lack enforcement of access control policies because their control of access to digital object is mainly based on payment. In this paper, we attempt to combine originator control policies and usage control. Then we show how this can extend traditional originator control solutions to enforce access control policies even outside of a local control environment where a central control authority is not available. License and ticket concepts are proposed and used for originator control in usage control. Also, we define seven different solution approaches to deal with various dissemination situations. In addition, we discuss some published DRM solutions and relate these to our solution approaches.
TSUNAMI GENERATION BY 3D DEFORMABLE GRANULAR LANDSLIDES

Landslide generated tsunamis are particularly hazardous in enclosed water bodies. Topographical and bathymetric features can either dissipate or enhance the generated waves leading to potentially extensive damages. To study the effect of such features landslide generated tsunami experiments were conducted in physical scale models representing fjords, headlands and farfield hill slopes. A pneumatic landslide tsunami generator deploys unconfined deformable granular landslides on a hill slope which impact the water surface and thereby generate tsunami waves. The instrumentation setup includes multiple cameras, particle image velocimetry, acoustic transducers and an array of wave gauges. Landslide measurements are made to characterize the source properties. The wave profile recordings with and without the topographic features provide insights into their effects on the tsunami wave characteristics. A fjord setup traps and distributes the wave energy along the fjord slopes in the channel, while a headland captures only part of the energy and radiates the rest into the open basin.
On Confusing Caution and Greed: A Political Explanation of the Flypaper Effect

Several researchers who have studied the impact of unrestricted state and federal grants on local government spending have observed a "flypaper effect" in which the expenditure effect of such grant...
Post-Communist Democracy: The Impact of the European Union

The extent to which post-communist European and Eurasian countries have instituted democratic politics varies widely. The countries possessing the generally accepted attributes of a democratic polity are without exception members of the European Union and most of the countries that have moved in that direction in recent years are prospective members. This article examines the association between mem- bership in the EU and the development of a democratic polity. It suggests the aspiration to membership and awareness of the EU's political condition for membership contrib- uted, along with attributes related to spatial location, political antecedents, transitional politics, and economic ties, to the development of a democratic polity. n the early days after the demise of the communist regimes of central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, most scholars assumed that most if not all of the countries would undergo a transitional process that would, in time, result in the creation of a stable democratic polity. The timing and speed of the transitions would no doubt vary. But all were presumed to be moving toward that end-state. More than 15 years later, we know that assumption was wrong. The countries of post-communist Europe and Eurasia not only vary widely in the extent to which they have instituted democratic politics but appear to be on divergent paths (Diamond and Plattner, 2002). Some have created polities that are no less democratic than those of their western European neighbors and others are moving in that direction. But others soon lapsed into new variants of authoritarianism and still others—most notably, Russia—have moved in 1
Wear resistant coatings for contact recording applications

To achieve low stiction and low interface wear in contact recording, a hard coating having a high hardness, elastic modulus, and scratch resistance is required. In this study, mechanical and tribological characterization of carbon coatings deposited by various deposition techniques and SiC has been carried out. Based on nanoindentation and microscratch studies, it is concluded that cathodic arc carbon coatings exhibit the highest hardness, elastic modulus, scratch resistance, and wear resistance.
Small Resonant Scatterers and Their Use for Field Measurements

A general formulation for the back-scattered field from loaded objects is given. It is shown that small resonant objects produce a much greater back-scattered field than small nonresonant ones. The theory is applied to short dipoles and small loops. The use of small resonant scatterers to measure electric and magnetic fields by scattering techniques is discussed. Resonant scatterers are found to have several advantages over nonresonant scatterers when used for field measurements.
BOUNDS OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS OF TWO COMPLEX VARIABLES IN DOMAINS WITH THE BERGMAN-SILOV BOUNDARY.

for (Zk/,X') (Zk', Xk'), Zk' /, I Z / 0 such that the set of points of b3 which belong to U consists only of points (1) for which Zk Zk? 0, P E ( j, .j+l), j 1, ..., J, (2e). The expressions 1 Zkj*(p)l go to zero not faster than some positive power of p (pj or p cpj+l if p -* o p + or -p pj+l -, respectively, (2f). The expressions 1 I Zkj*() go to zero not faster than (p spj)"' or (p +jl)bi, where 0 0, when p (pj + or p pj+i -, respectively, (2fi).2 Concerning the function f(zl,zm) of two complex variables z,Z2, we list the following hypotheses to be assumed in the various theorems (see below). f(zi,z2) is regular in
Temporal bone fibrous dysplasia and cholesteatoma leading to the development of a parapharyngeal abscess.

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone is a rare disease entity that may lead to progressive stenosis of the external auditory canal with resultant trapping of skin and the development of cholesteatoma. The cholesteatoma may extend widely into the temporal bone. Once cholesteatoma occupies the petrous apex, erosion out of the temporal bone can occur superiorly into the middle fossa, posteriorly into the posterior fossa, inferiorly into the neck, and infero-medially into the parapharyngeal space. We present a case in which minimal symptoms were present despite a massive temporal bone fibrous dysplasia and cholesteatoma. Eventually, cholesteatoma eroded into the parapharyngeal space, leading to airway compromise
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

: The congenital adrenal hyperplasias are a group of autosomal recessive disorders associated with impaired steroidogenesis. Several types of the congenital adrenal hyperplasias are associated with decreased cortisol production and excessive adrenal sex steroid secretion. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most common and prototypic example of this group of disorders. Herein, we review the clinical features, pathophysiology, molecular genetics, and treatment of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. There is also a brief discussion of other steroidogenic enzyme defects that are associated with clinical features due to excessive androgen secretion.
A Recommendation for Ceramic Over Plastic IC Packages for 1972 Real-Time Commercial Computer Systems

Reliability requirements for commercial, real-time computer systems are comparable today to many of the present-day military electronic systems. To satisfy today's customer, it no longer is sufficient to build commercial computers to so-called "good-commercial-practices". Especially in real-time computer systems, the reliability design, testing programs and parts requirements need to be as stringent as present military programs. Because of the increase in commercial reliability requirements, ceramic versus plastic packages for integrated circuits (I.C.s) will be discussed. The writer feels that the ceramic package is three times superior to the present plastic package. The ceramic package should be used wherever the reliability requirements necessitate its use and life cycle costs make it economical to the business.
Control of Extreme Loads on Structures Using Membrane Vibrations

AbstractThe use of a membrane to mitigate the extreme pressure loads on the roof of a surface-mounted prism is investigated. The fluid-structure interaction problem is solved by coupling the unsteady Navier-Stokes equation with the membrane equation. The minimum number of membrane modes required for the solution is determined through a convergence study. The results show that this passive control technique can be used to reduce the extreme pressure coefficients by approximately 25%. This reduction is explained by investigating the effects of the membrane on the flow field.