cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geologic development of the Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes

Metamorphic core complexes evolved in the western Cordillera in early to middle Tertiary time as a response to profound regional extension and thermal incursion; the deformation was punctuated by an unusually thorough tectonic denudation. In southern Arizona examples, the nonconformity between crystalline basement and layered cover rocks played an important mechanical and physical-chemical role during the deformation. The basement stretched and necked in a manner akin to megaboudinage, while simultaneously parts of the layered cover flowed passively during metamorphism and were plated tectonically to crystalline rocks along the unconformity and along ductile normal growth faults. Topographic basins created by regional pinch-and-swell were filled by lower to middle Tertiary sediments and by volcanics that poured out of the rifted basement. Physical-chemical conditions were such that the base of the Phanerozoic section became a vast heat sink as well as a zone of remarkably high fluid pore pressure. Thus, decollement zones, located near the base of the Phanerozoic section, are marked by sharp thermal gradients, wholesale denudation, and a great variety of mechanical and chemical chaos.
Estimating Annual Groundwater Evapotranspiration from Phreatophytes in the Great Basin Using Landsat and Flux Tower Measurements

Escalating concerns about water supplies in the Great Basin have prompted numerous water budget studies focused on groundwater recharge and discharge. For many hydrographic areas (HAs) in the Great Basin, most of the recharge is discharged by bare soil evaporation and evapotranspiration (ET) from phreatophyte vegetation. Estimating recharge from precipitation in a given HA is difficult and often has significant uncertainty, therefore it is often quantified by estimating the natural discharge. As such, remote sensing applications for spatially distributing flux tower estimates of ET and groundwater ET (ETg) across phreatophyte areas are becoming more common. We build on previous studies and develop a transferable empirical relationship with uncertainty bounds between flux tower estimates of ET and a remotely sensed vegetation index, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Energy balance-corrected ET measured from 40 flux tower site-year combinations in the Great Basin was statistically correlated with EVI derived from Landsat imagery (r2 = 0.97). Application of the relationship to estimate mean-annual ETg from four HAs in western and eastern Nevada is highlighted and results are compared with previous estimates. Uncertainty bounds about the estimated mean ETg allow investigators to evaluate if independent groundwater discharge estimates are “believable” and will ultimately assist local, state, and federal agencies to evaluate expert witness reports of ETg, along with providing new first-order estimates of ETg.
Approach to High-Resolution ex Situ NMR Spectroscopy

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments are typically performed with samples immersed in a magnet shimmed to high homogeneity. However, there are many circumstances in which it is impractical or undesirable to insert objects or subjects into the bore of a high-field magnet. Here we present a methodology based on an adaptation of nutation echoes that provides resolved spectra in the presence of matched inhomogeneous static and radiofrequency fields, thereby opening the way to high-resolution ex situ NMR. The observation of chemical shifts is regained through the use of multiple-pulse sequences of correlated, composite z-rotation pulses, producing resolved NMR spectra of liquid samples.
The “namely” analysis of the “by”-locution

In this paper I shall try to give a clear view of how this vigorous and powerful form of speech works. Most past work on this question has given primacy to the act concept. When she signals by waving her arm, she gives a signal (an act) and she gives or produces an arm-wave (also an act), and it has commonly been thought that the "by"-statement reports that a certain relation obtains between these acts.' I shall call this "the simple act proposal" regarding the "by"-locution. It says:
Lithium iron phosphate spheres as cathode materials for high power lithium ion batteries

Abstract Electrode materials composed of micrometer- and sub-micrometer-sized spherical particles are of interest for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because spheres can be packed with higher efficiency than randomly shaped particles and achieve higher volumetric energy densities. Here we describe the synthesis of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) phases as cathode materials with spherical morphologies. Spherical Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 particles and LiFePO 4 spheres embedded in a carbon matrix are prepared through phase separation of precursor components in confinement. Precursors containing Li, Fe, and P sources, pre-polymerized phenol–formaldehyde (carbon source), and amphiphilic surfactant (F127) are confined in 3-dimensional (colloidal crystal template) or 2-dimensional (thin film) spaces, and form spherical LFP particles upon heat treatment. Spherical Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 particles are fabricated by calcining LiFePO 4 /C composites in air at different temperatures. LiFePO 4 spheres embedded in a carbon matrix are prepared by spin-coating the LFP/carbon precursor onto quartz substrates and then applying a series of heat treatments. The spherical Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode materials exhibit a capacity of 100 mA h g −1 (83% of theoretical) at 2.5 C rate. LiFePO 4 spheres embedded in a carbon matrix have specific capacities of 130, 100, 83, and 50 mA h g −1 at C/2, 2 C, 4 C, and 16 C rates, respectively (PF_600_2), revealing excellent high-rate performance.
Training Effects on the Development and Generalization of Piagetian Logical Operations and Knowledge of Number

The effects of two training sequences on the development of logical operations and number were investigated. Four-year-old children were randomly as­ signed and trained for 8 weeks in one of three conditions: logical foundations (classification and seriation), number skills (counting), and control. Each of the experimental treatments was based on either of two broad perspectives: the logical foundations model of Piagetian theorists and a skills integration model. Instruments measuring number abilities and logical operations were designed as pre- and posttest measures. Findings were that (a) both experi­ mental groups significantly outperformed the control group on both tests, (b) the number skills group significantly outperformed the logical foundations group on the number test, and (c) there was no significant difference between the experimental groups on the logical operations test. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for developmental psychology and education. Theory and research in the early devel­ opment of number and logic can be catego­ rized along two major lines (Carpenter, 1980; Reese & Overton, 1970): the logical foun­ dations model and a skills integration model. The logical foundations model of Piaget ex­ plains the development of number in terms of a synthesis of classification and asym­ metrical relations operations (Piaget, 1952). In this view, significant conceptual compe­ tence regarding number is not achieved until operational competence is att~ined. Skills
HLA and Genetics of IDDM: Holism vs. Reductionism?

Analysis of HLA-associated susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has largely focused on identifying the susceptibility gene. Adherents of a countertrend have long suggested the importance of analysis of HLA haplotypes (combinations of alleles on 1 chromosome) rather than individual genes. Accumulating data suggest that the relationship between IDDM susceptibility and HLA is much more complex than a single susceptibility gene. Consideration of this question should include the possibilities that 1) more than one HLA gene is involved in determining susceptibility or resistance; 2) different alleles of the same gene may be associated with different pathogenetic mechanisms; and 3) different susceptibility-associated haplotypes, even if they share an allele at an IDDM-relevant locus, may behave differently in IDDM. A better understanding of the genetics, and perhaps the pathogenesis, of IDDM may be obtained by following up the clues offered by analysis of the association of HLA haplotypes (rather than individual alleles) with one another, with clinical features of IDDM, and with possible non-HLA-linked susceptibility factors.
Developmental factors leading to positive attitudes toward wildlife and conservation

Abstract Children's emotional and cognitive responses toward domestic and wild animals, reported in recent studies, suggested that their attitudes toward wildlife develop through the same Piagetan developmental stages as their attitudes toward domestic animals and pets. To test this hypothesis, 102 parents and 102 children (3–12 years old) were interviewed at California's Lindsay Museum in Walnut Creek, where they experienced close-up viewing and controlled touching of both wild and domestic animals. The amounts of time the children spent watching and petting, and the number of times they laughed at, smiled at, talked to and about the animals or made rejecting responses were tallied. The data indicate that the 32 3–5 year olds' responses to both the wild and domestic living animals and to the regular museum exhibits were typically egocentric and preoperational. The 30 6–8 year olds' responses showed beginning elements of the empathetic with perspective-taking and concrete operational stages, and in the 40 9–12 year olds' responses these stages were fully developed. These results suggested that the presence of these normal developmental stages should be taken into account by educational institutions planning programs which will provide good experiences and develop positive attitudes in most children toward wildlife and conservation efforts.
The New Left and Public Health The Health Policy Advisory Center, Community Organizing, and the Big Business of Health, 1967–1975

Soon after its founding in the politically tumultuous late 1960s, the Health Policy Advisory Center (Health/PAC) and its Health/PAC Bulletin became the strategic hub of an intense urban social movement around health care equality in New York City. I discuss its early formation, its intellectual influences, and the analytical framework that it devised to interpret power relations in municipal health care. I also describe Health/PAC's interpretation of health activism, focusing in particular on a protracted struggle regarding Lincoln Hospital in the South Bronx. Over the years, the organization's stance toward community-oriented health politics evolved considerably, from enthusiastically promoting its potential to later confronting its limits. I conclude with a discussion of Health/PAC's major theoretical contributions, often taken for granted today, and its book American Health Empire.
A Combined Continuum/DSMC Technique for Multiscale Analysis of Microfluidic Filters

A multiscale method that combines continuum fluid models with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is presented. The continuum regions are treated by Stokes equations and a scattered point based finite cloud method is employed to solve the Stokes equations. The continuum and DSMC regions are combined by an overlapped Schwarz alternating method with Dirichlet?Dirichlet type boundary conditions. A scattered point interpolation scheme is developed to interpolate the solution between subdomains. The convergence characteristics of the multiscale approach are investigated in detail. Specifically, the dependence of convergence on the overlap size, the DSMC noise, and the number of time steps employed in the DSMC algorithm are studied. While the convergence depends weakly on the DSMC noise and the overlap size, the number of DSMC time steps simulated in each coupling iteration should be selected so that the total time steps simulated until convergence of the coupled process is close to the time constant of the DSMC subsystem. Steady-state analysis of microfluidic filters is studied in detail using the multiscale approach. The multiscale approach is also applied for the simulation of a membrane with an array of microfluidic filters and a dual-stage microfluidic device with an array of microfluidic filters for particle trapping and sorting.
Fluoxetine pretreatment potentiates intracisternal TRH analogue-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats.

Abstract Central injection of TRH or its metabolically stable analogue RX 77368 has been demonstrated to produce a vagal-dependent stimulation in gastric acid secretion. Accumulating evidence exists regarding the interaction of serotonin (5HT) with TRH containing neuronal systems. This study was performed to assess the effect of pretreatment with the 5HT uptake inhibitor fluoxetine on the TRH analogue-induced gastric acid secretory response. Systemic fluoxetine (30 μmol/kg, i.v.) produced a 43–85% increase in the intracisternal RX 77368 (78–780 pmol)-induced gastric acid output, while not affecting the basal acid response. The acid response to a lower dose of RX 77368 (26 pmol) was not altered. In addition, intracisternal fluoxetine (180 nmol) produced a 71% augmentation of the acid secretory response of i.c. RX 77368 (260 pmol). Intracisternal injection of lower doses (60, 120 nmol), or intravenous injection of 180 nmol of fluoxetine was ineffective in altering the intracisternal RX 77368-induced acid response. Pretreatment with the noradrenergic or dopaminergic uptake inhibitor desipramine or GBR 12909 did not alter the RX 77368-stimulated gastric acid secretory response. The results show that fluoxetine pretreatment potentiates the effect of intracisternal RX 77368 on acid secretion. The effect appears to be impulse dependent, and central sites of action are involved. The data suggest an interaction of synaptic serotonin with a RX 77368-elicited event (activation of TRH receptors, second messenger systems and/or firing of the motor vagus) results in potentiation of the RX 77368-induced gastric response.
Impressions on floor of female bladder: “The female prostate”

Abstract The “female prostate” denotes an impression on the base of the female bladder resembling the enlarged male prostate radiographically. Though the finding is widely recognized, confusion exists as to its significance. The differential diagnosis is moderately extensive, and includes retroverted uterus, anterior vaginal tumors, urethral and bladder floor tumors, benign and malignant bony pelvic lesions, urethral diverticulum, and postsurgical changes. Several cases are presented illustrating the previously mentioned causations. An impression on the floor of the female bladder should not be routinely dismissed as inconsequential without thorough evaluation.
Fibroblast-conditioned medium contains cell surface proteins required for cell attachment and spreading.

PROLIFERATION in diploid fibroblasts is limited to cells that are attached and spread on a substrate. The attachment and spreading activities of normal cells are enhanced in the presence of media conditioned by the growth of diploid fibroblasts1,2, and a cell surface protein (LETS/CSP)3 extracted from normal cells enhances the attachment of transformed cells4,5. We report here that the activities present in conditioned medium are due to several high molecular weight glycoproteins (‘released proteins’). In addition, we find that the same activities can be extracted (‘extracted proteins’) from the surfaces of whole cells. The results establish that growth related biological activities are transferred intercellularly through the release and absorption of cell surface components.
Cognitive deficit in middle-aged alcoholics

Abstract Two groups of male alcoholics with mean ages of 44 and 55 and two groups of matched control subjects were tested twice, one year apart. Comparisons on verbal and adaptive ability factors derived from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale and selected Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological tests found no differences on verbal abilities. Significant improvement for the younger alcoholics on retesting indicates that previous comparisons of the neuropsychological effect of aging and alcoholism may not have sufficiently taken into account the reversibility of an alcoholic deficit. For the age range studied here, it may be only older alcoholics who appear different from control subjects.
Is pelvic organ prolapse a cause of pelvic or low back pain

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To test the null hypothesis that there is no association between pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic or low back pain. METHODS: A total of 152 consecutive patients with pelvic organ prolapse completed a visual faces scale to quantify the amount of pelvic or low back pain present. Pelvic organ prolapse severity was graded by three techniques: 1) pelvic organ prolapse quantification staging; 2) descent of the leading edge of prolapse; and 3) dynamic cystoproctography. Linear and nonlinear associations of pelvic organ prolapse quantification staging, descent of the leading edge of prolapse, and dynamic cystoproctography findings with pelvic or low back pain were assessed. We also characterized the nature of any significant nonlinear associations. RESULTS: Descent of the leading edge of prolapse was linearly associated with low back pain. Patients with greater descent of the leading edge of their prolapse reported less low back pain (r = −0.176, P = .034). Bladder descent during dynamic cystoproctography was nonlinearly associated with low back pain (P = .037). Neither of these associations was statistically significant after controlling for patient age and prior prolapse surgery. There were no linear or nonlinear associations between pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic pain. CONCLUSION: Based on the data, pelvic organ prolapse is not a cause of pelvic or low back pain.
Structural Basis for Ribosome Recruitment and Manipulation by a Viral IRES RNA

Canonical cap-dependent translation initiation requires a large number of protein factors that act in a stepwise assembly process. In contrast, internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) are cis-acting RNAs that in some cases completely supplant these factors by recruiting and activating the ribosome using a single structured RNA. Here we present the crystal structures of the ribosome-binding domain from a Dicistroviridae intergenic region IRES at 3.1 angstrom resolution, providing a view of the prefolded architecture of an all-RNA translation initiation apparatus. Docking of the structure into cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of an IRES-ribosome complex suggests a model for ribosome manipulation by a dynamic IRES RNA.
DYNAMICS OF FREEZING AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE WATER‐HOLDING CAPACITY OF A GELATINIZED STARCH GEL

Starch gels undergo retrogradation when cooled to freezing temperatures. The extent of starch retrogradation as measured by the water-holding capacity (WHC) was found to be primarily dependent upon the time of residence in the region in the freezing temperature curve where water to ice transformation occurred, and the freezing process used. Very little change in the WHC occurred while precooling the material to the freezing point, and reducing product temperature below the freezing temperature resulted in a very small change in the WHC from that at the end of the phase change. An inverse relationship was observed between the WHC of the frozen starch gel and the extent of reconstitution, as measured by the WHC and viscosity of the product reconstituted after freezing, pressing and dehydration. A readily reconstituted dried starch gel with a low bulk density was obtained when the WHC of the wet material prior to drying was at a minimum.
A fast and accurate Fourier algorithm for iterative parallel-beam tomography

We use a series-expansion approach and an operator framework to derive a new, fast, and accurate Fourier algorithm for iterative tomographic reconstruction. This algorithm is applicable for parallel-ray projections collected at a finite number of arbitrary view angles and radially sampled at a rate high enough that aliasing errors are small. The conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm is used to minimize a regularized, spectrally weighted least-squares criterion, and we prove that the main step in each iteration is equivalent to a 2-D discrete convolution, which can be cheaply and exactly implemented via the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The proposed algorithm requires O(N/sup 2/logN) floating-point operations per iteration to reconstruct an N/spl times/N image from P view angles, as compared to O(N/sup 2/P) floating-point operations per iteration for iterative convolution-backprojection algorithms or general algebraic algorithms that are based on a matrix formulation of the tomography problem. Numerical examples using simulated data demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm for sparse- and limited-angle tomography under realistic sampling scenarios. Although the proposed algorithm cannot explicitly account for noise with nonstationary statistics, additional simulations demonstrate that for low to moderate levels of nonstationary noise, the quality of reconstruction is almost unaffected by assuming that the noise is stationary.
Making Theological Sense of the Migration Journey From Latin America Catholic, Protestant, and Interfaith Perspectives

This article focuses on the ways in which religious workers in Central America, Mexico, and U.S. border areas respond to the increasing dangers that confront undocumented migrants as a consequence ...
Serial learning at one trial per day: Effects of interrun interval and interrun interval shifts

Two groups of 6 rats each were trained for 24 days on a decreasing series of quantities of 45-mg food pellets 14-7-3-1-0. Throughout training there was only one series presentation (trial) per day. In Phase 1 the interrun interval (IRI) separating successive pattern elements was 15 sec for Group SSL and 15 min for Group LSL. Both groups received a 15-sec IRI for the 2 days of Phase 2 and a 15-min IRI for the 2 days of Phase 3. IRI had no effect on the rats’ learning to anticipate, or track, the 0-pellet element in Phase 1. Tracking was eliminated in Group LSL by the shift from a long to a short IRI in Phase 2, but was not affected in Group SSL by the shift from a short to a long IRI in Phase 3. This pattern of results was compared with those obtained with multiple daily trials. Implications of these results for understanding IRI effects on serial learning were discussed.
Fractal motion of mammalian cells

Abstract Hurst's rescaled range analysis has been applied to electrical signals that reflect the motion of fibroblastic human cells. According to the analysis the cells have a fractional Brownian motion with a Hurst exponent of about H=0.65. The normal WI-38 cell line has a Hurst exponent that is slightly smaller than the transformed WI-38 VA13 cell line.
On the cones of tangents with applications to mathematical programming

In this study, we present a unifying framework for the cones of tangents to an arbitrary set and some of its applications. We highlight the significance of these cones and their polars both from the point of view of differentiability and subdifferentiability theory and the point of view of mathematical programming. This leads to a generalized definition of a subgradient which extends the well-known definition of a subgradient of a convex function to the nonconvex case. As an application, we develop necessary optimality conditions for a min-max problem and show that these conditions are also sufficient under moderate convexity assumptions.
On applications of diophantine approximations

Abstract This paper is devoted to the study of the arithmetic properties of values of G-functions introduced by Siegel [Siegel, C. L. (1929) Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Phys.-Math. Kl. 1]. One of the main results is a theorem on the linear independence of values of G-functions at rational points close to the origin. In this theorem, no conditions are imposed on the p-adic convergence of a G-function at a generic point. The theorem finally realizes Siegel's program on G-function values outlined in his paper.
Coupled surface-plasmon-polariton waves in a sculptured nematic thin film with a metallic defect layer

The propagation of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves guided by a metallic defect layer in a sculptured nematic thin film (SNTF) was studied theoretically. The defect layer was taken to be deposited by electron-beam evaporation, and the SNTF was taken to be made by similarly evaporating titanium oxide. We found that when the defect layer's thickness is much greater than the penetration depth, SPP waves propagate guided by the two metal/SNTF interfaces independently. As the defect layer's thickness is reduced, coupling of the two interfaces results in new SPP waves. The smaller is the thickness of the metallic defect layer, the stronger is the coupling effect.
Small-scale fluctuations and scintillations in high-resolution GPS/CHAMP SNR and phase data

Abstract This paper analyzes small-scale fluctuations that appear in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and phase measurements during GPS/CHAMP radio occultation through the E-region ionosphere, lower stratosphere, and upper troposphere. Analyses are based on the raw 50-Hz SNR and phase data, which reveal new information on variations and distributions of small-scale atmospheric/ionospheric variabilities that would be normally discarded in the retrieved temperature profiles. The derived SNR and phase variances show strong annual and interannual variations in the ionosphere due to solar-cycle modulated sporadic-E activity. The intensity of polar E s activity reduced gradually since 2001, as solar activity weakened from the 2000 maximum. In the upper troposphere, the small-scale SNR and phase variances maximize near the tropical tropopause and vary strongly with seasonal variations of the tropopause. In the tropical lower stratosphere, the variances exhibit a quasi-biannual oscillation (QBO) with amplitude maximized at altitudes of 15–30 km and progressing downward in time. The downward-progressing amplitude occurs just below the height of zero-wind line where QBO changes phase from the easterly to the westerly. Physical interpretation of SNR and phase variances is made with analytical expressions derived for idealized small-scale ionospheric and atmospheric perturbations. In these cases, the SNR standard deviation is inversely proportional to vertical wavelength of perturbations whereas the phase one is proportional to the truncation length used for variance calculations.
Quercetin inhibits rhinovirus replication in vitro and in vivo

Rhinovirus (RV), which is responsible for the majority of common colds, also causes exacerbations in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. So far, there are no drugs available for treatment of rhinovirus infection. We examined the effect of quercetin, a plant flavanol on RV infection in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment of airway epithelial cells with quercetin decreased Akt phosphosphorylation, viral endocytosis and IL-8 responses. Addition of quercetin 6 h after RV infection (after viral endocytosis) reduced viral load, IL-8 and IFN responses in airway epithelial cells. This was associated with decreased levels of negative and positive strand viral RNA, and RV capsid protein, abrogation of RV-induced eIF4GI cleavage and increased phosphorylation of eIF2α. In mice infected with RV, quercetin treatment decreased viral replication as well as expression of chemokines and cytokines. Quercetin treatment also attenuated RV-induced airway cholinergic hyperresponsiveness. Together, our results suggest that quercetin inhibits RV endocytosis and replication in airway epithelial cells at multiple stages of the RV life cycle. Quercetin also decreases expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improves lung function in RV-infected mice. Based on these observations, further studies examining the potential benefits of quercetin in the prevention and treatment of RV infection are warranted.
Aldo-keto reductases protect lung adenocarcinoma cells from the acute toxicity of B[a]P-7,8-trans-dihydrodiol

Tobacco smoke exposure stimulates the expression of genes that are likely to be involved in the metabolism of its combustion products such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Four of the smoke induced genes are aldo-keto reductases (AKR), enzymes that metabolically activate PAH to PAH o-quinones. Alternatively, PAHs are metabolized to (±)-anti-diol epoxides, such as (±)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide ((±)-anti-BPDE)), by the combined action of P4501A1/1B1 and epoxide hydrolase. (±)-anti-BPDE forms DNA adducts directly, while PAH o-quinones cause DNA damage by oxidative stress through a futile redox cycle. To address the role of AKRs in PAH cytotoxicity, we compared the cytotoxicity of PAH metabolites and the effects of overexpressing AKR1A1 in lung cells. (±)-anti-BPDE and B[a]P-7,8-trans-dihydrodiol, an intermediate in (±)-anti-BPDE metabolism, are toxic to A549 cells at concentrations with an IC50 of ∼2 μM. In contrast, the PAH o-quinone B[a]P-7,8-dione was about 10-fold less toxic to A549 cell...
Abstract C69: Phase I trial of lenalidomide and valproic acid in patients with advanced cancer.

Purpose: Histone deacytylase inhibitors are promising targets for therapeutic interventions intended to reverse aberrant epigenetic states associated with cancer. Valproic acid (VPA) is a strong histone deacetylase inhibitor. Lenalidomide (CC-5013, Revlimid) is an immunomodulatory drug with an enhanced potency and pharmacological profile for the regulation of cellular immunity and cytokine response such as TNFa and IL-12. VPA can be additive or synergistic with lenalidomide in inducing cell apoptosis. Objectives of this Phase I study were to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of VPA and lenalidomide. Experimental Design: Patients in sequential cohorts ("3+3" design) received escalating doses of VPA with lenalidomide. Prophylactic anticoagulation was not required for this protocol. VPA was administered daily for 7 days with 7 days off; and lenalidomide was administered daily for 28 days. At MTD, 10 additional patients with adenocystic carcinoma were enrolled for efficacy. Results: Twenty six patients with advanced cancer (14 M/12 F), median age = 56 (38-70), median number of prior therapies = 2 (0-12) were enrolled. MTD was reached at VPA 30 mg/ kg for 7 days on with 7 days off, and lenalidomide 25 mg daily. Most common toxicities included fatigue, rash, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. One patient had deep venous thrombosis and two others had pulmonary embolism. DLTs included grade III confusion (n=3), grade III somnolence (n=1) and grade III gait disturbance (n=1). Even though 2/12 patients from dose expansion had DLT during the first cycle of VPA 30 mg /kg for 7 days on and 7 days off with lenalidomide 25 mg PO QD, majority of patients required dose reduction of VPA to 5- 20 mg /kg during the subsequent cycles due to fatigue and drowsiness. Seven patients with adenocystic carcinoma had stable disease over 4 cycles. Of non-adnocystic carcinoma patients, one patient with melanoma and another patient with parathyroid carcinoma had stable disease for 6 cycles and 8 cycles respectively. Conclusions: Lenalidomide 25 mg PO QD combined with VPA (5 -20 mg /kg for 7 days on 7 days off) was well tolerated. No significant tumor reductions were noticed in patients with adenocystic carcinoma. Stable disease was noted in patients in adenocystic carcinoma, melanoma and parathyroid carcinoma. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C69. Citation Format: Mehmet A. Bilen, Siqing Fu, David S. Hong, Jennifer J. Wheler, Maen Abdelrahim, Gerald S. Falchook, Apostlia M. Tsimberidou, Filip Janku, Sarina Piha-Paul, Ralph Zinner, Razelle Kurzrock, Aung Naing. Phase I trial of lenalidomide and valproic acid in patients with advanced cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C69.
Fusion de Dempster–Shafer dans les chaînes triplet partiellement de Markov

Dempster–Shafer fusion in triplet partially Markov chains. Hidden Markov Chains (HMC), Pairwise Markov Chains (PMC), and Triplet Markov Chains (TMC), allow one to estimate a hidden process X from an observed process Y .M ore recently, TMC have been generalized to Triplet Partially Markov chain (TPMC), where the estimation of X from Y remains workable. Otherwise, when introducing a Dempster–Shafer mass function instead of prior Markov distribution in classical HMC, the result of its Dempster–Shafer fusion with a distribution provided Y = y, which generalizes the posterior distribution of X, is a TMC. The aim of this Note is to generalize the latter result replacing HMC with multisensor TPMC. To cite this
HSP27 phosphorylation increases after 45 degrees C or 41 degrees C heat shocks but not after non-thermal TDMA or GSM exposures.

Purpose: Experiments with cultured HeLa, S3 and E.A. Hy296 cells were performed to determine if exposure to acute (30 min at 45°C) or chronic (2 h at 41°C) heat shocks or to non-thermal exposures of radiofrequency radiation (RF) induce changes in HSP27 phosphorylation.Materials and methods: The radiofrequency (RF) exposures used in this study were 847 MHz time division multiple access modulated (TDMA) at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 5 W kg−1 for 1, 2 or 24 h or 900 MHz GSM modulated (GSM) at a SAR of 3.7 W kg−1 for 1, 2 or 5 h. HSP27 phosphorylation was evaluated by resolving the various phosphorylation forms using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis measuring the relative amount of each by densitometry. Alternatively, an antibody specific for phosphorylated HSP27 was used to detect changes in HSP27 phosphorylation levels. All heat shock and RF exposure conditions were analysed simultaneously along with a matched incubator control sample. Each experiment was repeated three times.Results: Following ...
Molecular prototypes for simple SiO2 potentials

A popular class of interionic pair potentials for simulation of the properties of condensed-phase SiO 2 uses two calibrations: first-principles electronic structure results for a small cluster and experimental crystallinedata. The clusters are argued to be broadly valid prototypes for the local structural and bonding behavior of condensed-phase SiO 2 . This approach introduces an issue: the extent to which there is prototypical computed behavior for small silicates irrespective of cluster size, symmetry constraints, methodological refinement, and accuracy of implementation (basis set). By extension, the issue of commonality vs diversity in small silicates arises. We address those issues by comparative study of 12 systems containing one or two Si atoms in combination with H, O, and bare protons. We use several different levels of theoretical refinement and various basis sets. Though some chemical trends are clear, there is no clear single prototype for condensed-phase SiO 2 (including no clear preference to tetrahedral symmetry). We find a wide diversity of bond lengths, bond angles, and interaction energies and significant methodological consequences that go largely ignored in the potential-fitting literature.
Improving influenza vaccination rates for high-risk inpatients

Abstract purpose: In 1987, the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center implemented an ongoing, multifaceted influenza vaccination program that targeted all high-risk outpatients followed at the medical center. While the program achieved and sustained vaccination rates of 60% or more for high-risk outpatients, vaccination rates for highrisk inpatients continued to be 25% or less. Beginning with the 1989–1990 immunization season, the "flu shot" program was extended to include all high-risk inpatients. Both the outpatient and inpatient components of the Minneapolis Flu Shot Program emphasized administrative and organizational elements. The program's goal was to achieve vaccination rates of at least 60% for both high-risk outpatients and inpatients. This study assesses the effectiveness of the inpatient program among elderly patients hospitalized on the medical service during the immunization season. patients and methods: To estimate patient risk characteristics and vaccination rates, 50% of elderly patients who were discharged from the medical service during the immunization season were surveyed using a validated postcard questionnaire. Their responses were compared with the responses of elderly patients to the annual outpatient survey conducted to assess the "flu shot" program. results: Overall, 78.6% of elderly respondents discharged from the medical service during the immunization season were vaccinated. Vaccination rates within various high-risk subgroups all exceeded 70%. None of these vaccination rates for inpatient groups differed significantly from the rates for corresponding outpatients. conclusion: An outpatient "flu shot" program that emphasizes administrative and organizational elements can be successfully expanded to high-risk inpatients. The vaccination rates attained with such a program may not only achieve but exceed the national health objective for influenza vaccination.
Scanning tunnelling microscopy of tobacco mosaic virus on evaporated and sputter‐coated palladium/gold substrates

SUMMARY We present scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) images of untreated tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) deposited on thermally evaporated and on sputter-coated palladium/gold 40:60 (Pd/Au) substrates, and imaged under ordinary atmospheric conditions. The TMV imaged on both evaporated and sputter-coated substrates was consistently several times wider than the known diameter of the virus. TMV on evaporated Pd/Au became overcoated with Pd/Au material during sample preparation and appeared elevated in STM images, whereas TMV on sputter-coated Pd/Au appeared as depressions. When naked TMV were intentionally overcoated with Pd/Au, the STM images were found to be similar to those for TMV on evaporated Pd/Au.
Fast Full-Wave Solution That Eliminates the Low-Frequency Breakdown Problem in a Reduced System of Order One

Full-wave solutions of Maxwell's equations break down at low frequencies. Existing methods for solving this problem either are inaccurate or incur additional computational cost. In this paper, a fast full-wave finite-element-based solution is developed to eliminate the low-frequency breakdown problem in a reduced system of order one. It is applicable to general 3-D problems involving ideal conductors as well as nonideal conductors immersed in inhomogeneous, lossless, lossy, and dispersive materials. The proposed method retains the rigor of a theoretically rigorous full-wave solution recently developed for solving the low-frequency breakdown problem, while eliminating the need for an eigenvalue solution. Instead of introducing additional computational cost to fix the low-frequency breakdown problem, the proposed method significantly speeds up the low-frequency computation.
General positivity bounds for spin observables in single particle inclusive production

Positivity constraints, derived initially assuming parity conservation, for the inclusive reaction of the type $A(\mathrm{\text{spin}}1/2)+B(\mathrm{\text{spin}}1/2)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}C+X$, where the spins of both initial $\mathrm{\text{spin}}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}1/2$ particles can be in any possible directions and no polarization is observed in the final state, are generalized to the case of parity violation. By means of a systematic method, we obtain nontrivial bounds involving all the spin observables of the reaction and we discuss some relevant physics processes. Particularly, we discover a nontrivial positivity constraint for the processes $pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{W}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}/{Z}^{0}+X$ or $pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}+X$ where ${\ensuremath{\ell}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ decayed from ${W}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}/{Z}^{0}$, which could be checked at the ongoing longitudinal spin program at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.
Light and intermittent smoking among California's Asian Americans.

Introduction: Asian Americans, along with other ethnic minorities, have been described to be more likely than Whites to be light and intermittent smokers. Characterizing Asian American smoking behavior accurately on a population level requires oversampling groups of different national origin and including non–English-speaking participants.
3D surface digitizing and modeling development at ITRI

This paper gives an overview of the research and development activities in 3D surface digitizing and modeling conducted at the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) of Taiwan in the past decade. As a major technology and consulting service provider of the area, ITRI has developed 3D laser scanning digitizers ranging from low-cost compacts, industrial CAD/CAM digitizing, to large human body scanner, with in-house 3D surface modeling software to provide total solution in reverse engineering that requires processing capabilities of large number of 3D data. Based on both hardware and software technologies in scanning, merging, registration, surface fitting, reconstruction, and compression, ITRI is now exploring innovative methodologies that provide higher performances, including hardware-based correlation algorithms with advanced camera designs, animation surface model reconstruction, and optical tracking for motion capture. It is expected that the need for easy and fast high-quality 3D information in the near future will grow exponentially, at the same amazing rate as the internet and the human desire for realistic and natural images.
Three patterns of brain damage on the WAIS

Compared four groups of matched Ss (40 each) in order to examine different subtest patterns of brain damage on the WAIS, using F-tests and age mean profiles. The groups were: Normals, diffuse cortical degeneration, right and left hemisphere damage. The results indicated three patterns: (1) a normal pattern; (2) a diffuse degenerative and right hemisphere pattern; and (3) a left hemisphere pattern. The diffuse degenerative results were not significantly different from the right hemisphere results. The left hemisphere pattern had no large verbal vs. performance differences. These patterns appear to be produced by the interaction of three brain damage effects: (1) a general effects; (2) a right hemisphere effect; and (3) a left hemisphere effect. Verbal tests are both “hold” and left hemisphere tests, while three Performance Tests, are “don't hold” and right hemisphere tests. The WAIS requires other specific tests of brain damage for an adequate assessment of brain damage.
Flux noise in high-temperature superconductors

Spontaneously created vortex-antivortex pairs are the predominant source of flux noise in high-temperature superconductors. In principle, flux noise measurements allow to check theoretical predictions for both the distribution of vortex-pair sizes and for the vortex diffusivity. In this paper the flux-noise power spectrum is calculated for the highly anisotropic high-temperature superconductor Bi-2212, both for bulk crystals and for ultra-thin films. The spectrum is basically given by the Fourier transform of the temporal magnetic-field correlation function. We start from a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type theory and incorporate vortex diffusion, intra-pair vortex interaction, and annihilation of pairs by means of a Fokker-Planck equation to determine the noise spectrum below and above the superconducting transition temperature. We find white noise at low frequencies omega and a spectrum proportional to 1/omega^(3/2) at high frequencies. The cross-over frequency between these regimes strongly depends on temperature. The results are compared with earlier results of computer simulations.
Evaluating interactive support for secure programming

Implementing secure code is an important and oft-overlooked non-functional requirement. Secure programming errors are a subset of program errors that result in many common privacy and security breaches in commercial software. We are seeking to provide interactive support for secure programming in the development environment. In this paper, we have evaluated our prototype tool, ASIDE, which provides real-time warnings and code generation to reduce secure programming errors introduced by programmers. We evaluate the potential use and effectiveness of ASIDE on both novice and professional developers in two comparison user studies. Our results demonstrate that the interactive support can help address this important non-functional requirement, and suggest guidelines for such tools to support programmers.
Mirror control of responding on fixed-ratio schedules in pigeons

One of three pigeons exposed to multiple FR FR reinforcement schedules attacked a mirror target during postreinforcement pauses preceding the higher fixed ratio schedule. The same mirror-image stimulation, on the other hand, reduced reinforcement rate for all three pigeons by selectively increasing postreinforcement pauses preceding the higher fixed ratio schedule. This indicates that in studies of reinforcement schedules with pigeons, mirror-image stimulation from surfaces commonly present in standard test chambers (e.g., one-way mirrors, metal walls) may interact with schedule parameters to control postreinforcement behavior other than attack.
Production scheduling with significant changeover costs

A production scheduling program with significant changeover costs is considered. This entails the determination of a step production function where the production levels and decision time are unknown. The production scheduling problem is formulated as an optimal control problem and amended to ak-stage discrete control problem. Extensions to multi-products, production scheduling on one machine and uncertain demand are then considered.
Lactational responses to ruminally undegradable protein by dairy cows fed diets based on alfalfa silage.

Abstract Lactational responses to protein supplementation of diets containing 60% of DM as alfalfa silage were evaluated. Sixty multiparous Holstein cows were fed a covariant diet for the first 3 wk postpartum, blocked by calving date, and randomly assigned for 14 wk to one of six isonitrogenous (19.4% CP) diets. Diets were formulated with soybean meal, a blend of animal by-products, or both, and contained 5.0, 5.6, 5.6, 6.2, 6.1, and 6.8% ruminally undegradable protein (DM basis). Percentage of ruminally undegradable protein or source of supplemental protein did not affect 3.5% FCM (39.4 kg/d), milk fat yield (1.38 kg/d), milk protein percentage (2.83%). milk urea (7.66m M ), or plasma urea (8.91m M ). However, cows fed diets supplemented with soybean meal had higher DMI (26.2 vs. 24.7 kg/d), milk yields (40.4 vs. 39.1 kg/d), and milk protein (1.15 vs. 1.09 kg/d) yields, but lower milk fat concentration (3.42 vs. 3.53%) and body condition score (2.85 vs. 2.93) than cows fed diets containing a blend of animal by-products. The lack of response to ruminally undegradable protein was partially caused by higher than predicted DMI (5 to 15% above NRC predictions); all diets provided at least 1.3kg of ruminally undegradable protein, and there was no beneficial effect from ruminally undegradable protein intake increases to 1.6 kg/d.
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PROTEINS XXIII. PROTEIN-PROTElN INTERACTION BETWEEN TRYPSIN, SOYBEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR, AND OTHER PROTEINS

Summary Compound formation between trypsin and inhibitor and derivatives of these proteins has been studied by means of light scattering and differential spectrophotometry. it has been fouiid that a non-specific attraction between oppositely charged molecules is not sufficient for compound formation and that the makeup of the bonding configuration of functional groups involved in compound formation is not constant over a wide range of pH. Acetylation of the proteins does not greatly influence compound formation between trypsin and inhibitor but treatment of trypsin with DFP or ultraviolet light prevents combination.