cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bridging the gap from academic research to industry impact

Academic methodological research is often done with the hope of creating mathematical methods that will be used in practice. At the same time, there is a significant gap between publishing papers and having the methods described actually be used in industry. In this talk, we offer advice for bridging this gap. We discuss challenges arising from a difference in focus between academic and industry research, and also an incomplete awareness within academia of the full context in which methods are deployed in industry. We then discuss strategies for overcoming these challenges, describing them using examples from the presenter’s experiences as a data science manager at Uber working on Uber’s carpooling product, UberPOOL, and as an academic developing Bayesian optimization algorithms for use at Yelp and the Bayesian optimization startup company SigOpt. This talk is aimed at academics who want their re-search to be used in industry, soon-to-graduate PhD students who are making a leap into an industry ca-reer, and practitioners interested in exploring ways to be more effective.
Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) Plaques Promote Seeding and Spreading of Alpha-Synuclein and Tau in a Mouse Model of Lewy Body Disorders With Aβ Pathology

Studies have shown an overlap of Aβ plaques, tau tangles, and α-synuclein (α-syn) pathologies in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) with dementia (PDD) patients, with increased pathological burden correlating with severity of cognitive and motor symptoms. Despite the observed co-pathology and concomitance of motor and cognitive phenotypes, the consequences of the primary amyloidogenic protein on the secondary pathologies remain poorly understood. To better define the relationship between α-syn and Aβ plaques, we injected α-syn preformed fibrils (α-syn mpffs) into mice with abundant Aβ plaques. Aβ deposits dramatically accelerated α-syn pathogenesis and spread throughout the brain. Remarkably, hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) was induced in α-syn mpff-injected 5xFAD mice. Finally, α-syn mpff-injected 5xFAD mice showed neuron loss that correlated with the progressive decline of cognitive and motor performance. Our findings suggest a "feed-forward" mechanism whereby Aβ plaques enhance endogenous α-syn seeding and spreading over time post-injection with mpffs.
An Investigation of Spiral Gravity Waves Radiating from Tropical Cyclones Using a Linear, Nonhydrostatic Model

AbstractA recent study showed observational and numerical evidence for small-scale gravity waves that radiate outward from tropical cyclones. These waves are wrapped into tight spirals by the radia...
Stochastic optimal sizing of distributed energy resources for a cost-effective and resilient Microgrid

Abstract Recent developments and advances in distributed energy resources (DERs) make them more affordable, accessible, and prevalent in microgrids. Research on designing and operating a microgrid with various DERs has received increasing attention during the past few years. This paper proposes a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming method for jointly determining optimal sizes of various DERs, considering both economic benefits and resilience performance. The proposed method explicitly models the interaction between DER sizing at the planning stage and hourly or sub-hourly microgrid dispatch at the operating stage in both grid-connected and island modes, considering stochastic grid disturbances, load, and renewable generation. A formulation method is then proposed to convert the stochastic sizing problem to an equivalent mix-integer linear programming problem, which can be efficiently solved even with a large number of system operating conditions. Using the proposed stochastic sizing method, a resource planning analysis for a military base in the U.S. is presented. It is found that the proposed method can effectively determine the optimal DER sizes to meet a required resilience goal at the maximum net-benefit. Impacts of several key factors including tariff rates, discount rate, and survivability level on optimal DER sizes are analyzed through case studies.
Hurricane sedimentation in a subtropical salt marsh-mangrove community is unaffected by vegetation type

Abstract Hurricanes periodically deliver sediment to coastal wetlands, such as those in the Mississippi River Delta Complex (MRDC), slowing elevation loss and improving resilience to sea-level rise. However, the amount of hurricane sediment deposited and retained in a wetland may vary depending on the dominant vegetation. In the subtropical climate of the MRDC, the black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) has been expanding and replacing salt marsh (Spartina alterniflora). Because these vegetation types differ in structure, their influence on sedimentation may also differ. We conducted a survey along 160 km of coastline to determine if the spatial deposition pattern in saline wetlands by Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in September 2008 was differentially influenced by vegetation type. Sampling was initiated two months after landfall at eighteen sites in the MRDC containing side-by-side stands of A. germinans and S. alterniflora along the shoreline, with S. alterniflora marsh landward. Average thickness of hurricane sediment across sites varied from 0.6 to 5.6 cm with an overall mean of 2.6 ± 0.4 cm. Within sites, hurricane-layer thickness varied from 1.3 cm at the shoreline to 4.8 cm in the marsh interior, but this pattern was unaffected by vegetation type. Despite greater canopy height, stem density (including pneumatophores), and leaf area, mangroves did not capture more hurricane sediment than salt marsh nor did they attenuate the delivery of sediment to the marsh interior. Data recorded at thirty-six monitoring stations in Louisiana's Coastwide Reference Monitoring System further showed that rates of accretion, as well as elevation change, in saline wetlands (S. alterniflora) of the MRDC were temporarily increased by Hurricanes Gustav and Ike. These findings agree with previous work showing the beneficial effects of hurricane sediments on coastal wetlands, but suggest that a climate-driven shift from S. alterniflora to A. germinans in the MRDC will not necessarily alter hurricane sediment capture.
5G Wireless Security and Privacy: Architecture and Flexible Mechanisms

5G wireless systems are the next generation of mobile wireless telecommunications beyond current 4G/International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced systems. Not only enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communications but also ultrareliable lowlatency communication (uRLLC) and massive machine-type communication (mMTC) are supported by 5G wireless networks. New architecture and advanced technologies are applied in 5G wireless systems to support different use cases. New security issues and advanced performance requirements are raised by various use cases and advanced technologies. Moreover, privacy concerns escalate due to the large amount of personal information transmitted over 5G wireless systems.
Preoperative Deficiency Anemia in Digital Replantation: A Marker of Disparities, Increased Length of Stay, and Hospital Cost

Introduction The effects of preoperative anemia have been shown to be an independent risk factor associated with poor outcomes in both cardiac and noncardiac surgery. Socioeconomic status and race have also been linked to poor outcomes in a variety of conditions. This study was designed to study iron deficiency anemia as a marker of health disparities, length of stay and hospital cost in digital replantation. Materials and Methods Digit replantations performed between 2008 and 2014 were reviewed from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database using the ICD-9-CM procedure codes 84.21 and 84.22. Patients with more than one code or with an upper arm (83.24) or hand replantation (84.23) code were excluded. Extracted variables included age, race, comorbidities, hospital type, hospital region, insurance payer type, and median household income quartile. Digit replantations were separated into patients with and without deficiency anemia. Demographics, comorbidities, and access to care were compared between cohorts by chi-squared and t-tests. Multivariate regressions were utilized to assess the effects of anemia on total cost and length of stay. The regression controlled for demographics, region, income, insurance, hospital type, and comorbidities. Beta coefficient was calculated for length of stay and hospital cost. The regression controlled for significant age, race, region, and comorbidities in addition to the above variables. Results In the studied patient population of those without anemia, 59.5% were Caucasian, and in patients with anemia, 46.7% were Caucasian (p Conclusion These data show that deficiency anemias are associated with a significant increase in length and total cost of stay in patients undergoing digital replantation. Additionally, a larger percentage of patients undergoing digital replantations and who have deficiency anemia belong to the lowest income quartile. Our findings present an important finding for public health prevention and resource allocation. Future studies could focus on clinical intervention with iron supplementation at the time of digital replantation.
The Transparency of Jail Data

Across the country, pretrial policies and practices concerning the use of cash bail are in flux, but it is not readily possible for members of the public to assess whether or how those changes in policy and practice are affecting outcomes. A range of actors affect the jail population, including: law enforcement who make arrest decisions, magistrates and judges who rule at hearings on pretrial conditions and may modify such conditions, prosecutors and defense lawyers who litigate at hearings, pretrial-service providers who assist in evaluation and supervision of persons detained pretrial, and the custodian of the jail who supervises facilities. In the following Essay, we present the results of a case study in Durham, North Carolina. We began this project in the fall of 2018 by scraping data portraying daily pretrial conditions set for individuals in the Durham County Jail. The data was scraped from the Durham County Sheriff’s Inmate Population Search website and details the individual’s name, charges, bond type, bond amount, court docket number and time served. Scraping was initiated on September 1, 2018, and continues to the present. Beginning in early 2019, the judges and prosecutors in Durham, North Carolina, adopted new bail policies, reflecting a shift in the pretrial detention framework. This Essay provides a firsthand look into the pretrial detention data following these substantive policy changes. Our observations serve as a reflection on how the changes in Durham reflect broader pretrial detention reform efforts. First, we observe that a dramatic decline in the jail population followed the adoption of these policy changes. Second, we find that the policy changes corresponded with changes in aggregate conditions imposed pretrial. We describe, however, why public data that simply reports initial pre-trial conditions cannot answer additional questions concerning the jail population or outcomes for the released population. Nor can this data fully answer questions concerning which actors can be credited with the observed changes. During a time in which jail populations are a subject of pressing public concern, we have inadequate information, even in jurisdictions with public jail websites, to assess policy. We conclude by discussing the implications of data limitations for efforts to reorient bail policy.
Debonding of cemented natural fractures during core recovery

Abstract Natural opening-mode fractures existing in the subsurface can be partially or completely sealed by diagenetic cements (e.g., joints and veins), and these cemented fractures may reopen during core recovery to the ground surface. Depending on the cement/host-rock material properties, debonding or re-fracturing may happen within the cement or at the cement/rock interface. We demonstrate the role of induced stresses in opening cemented fractures (veins) during cores recovery to the surface and to determine whether cracks form along the vein interface or through the core and why. We consider vein as a thin layer sandwiched inside the rock mass, and use the theory of eigenstrain to calculate stress disturbances at the core surface due to the release of in-situ stresses and the difference between surface and downhole temperatures. Then, we employ the theory of elasticity to calculate the maximum tensile stress at the edge of the vein. This tensile stress can be used to estimate the tensile strength of the diagenetic cements inside natural fractures. Using the developed technique, we solve practical examples to determine whether debonding is more likely within the natural cement or at cement/host-rock bonding. For the case of core recovery in Marcellus Shale with a calcite vein, we find that the maximum tensile stress normal to the vein plane happens at the center of the vein. We observe this phenomenon for both alignment of c-axis orientation with the layering, perpendicular to the fracture wall ( ⊥ c -axis) and parallel to the fracture wall ( ∥c -axis). Therefore, theoretically, cracks likely form at the center of the calcite vein rather than the Marcellus Shale/calcite interface. Laboratory tests to date have shown that re-fracturing of calcite veins in Marcellus Shales can occur either within the calcite or at the calcite/Shale interface. For the case of core recovery in sandstone with fractures cemented with continuous crystallized quartz grains, the proposed solution predicts re-breaking at the center of the vein. For this case, we investigate two crystallographic orientations of quartz, c -axis orientation perpendicular to the fracture wall and a -axis orientation perpendicular to the fracture wall. Based on the current calculations for both crystallography of quartz, the tensile stress normal to the quartz plane is maximum at the center of the vein. Petrographic evidence, using secondary electron (SE) and cathodoluminescence (CL) images, supports our model predicting breakage within quartz veins as opposed to at the cement/sandstone host-rock interface. However, in a hypothetical case in which the calcite c-axis forms parallel to fracture walls in sandstone host-rock, debonding is predicted at the interface rather than within the vein cement.
Evaluating the effect of concussion education programs on intent to report concussion in high school football

CONTEXT Concussion underreporting leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment, prolonging recovery time. Athletes' self-report of concussion symptoms therefore reduces risk. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the efficacy of three concussion education programs in improving concussion-reporting intention. DESIGN Randomized controlled clinical trial with assessment immediately and one-month after education. SETTING Three high schools in California. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS 118 male football players were randomly assigned to receive concussion education via: CrashCourse (CC), Centers for Disease Control (CDC) video educational materials (Vi), or CDC written educational materials (Wr). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Concussion-reporting intention was assessed at baseline, immediately after education, and at one-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included concussion knowledge, attitudes, perceived reporting norms, and perceived behavioral control. RESULTS Athletes across all educational formats had significant improvement in concussion-reporting intention immediately following education and at one-month follow-up (mean improvement 6.8% and 11.4%, respectively; p<0.001). Similar findings were observed across all education formats in secondary analyses examining knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control. However, there were significant differences by education and time (p=0.03). On post-hoc analysis, athletes who received CC had increased concussion-reporting intention immediately and at one-month (baseline=4.7, immediate=6.1, one-month=6.0; p=0.007 compared to significant increases only at one-month for CDC-Vi (baseline=4.3, immediate=5.2, one-month=5.8; p=0.001), and no significant improvement for CDC-Wr (p=0.10). Secondary analyses indicated significant differences between CC and both CDC interventions, in concussion knowledge and attitudes, immediately after education and at one-month. There were no significant differences in perceived behavioral control between-interventions or in perceived concussion-reporting norms across or between interventions. CONCLUSION All athletes exhibited improved intent to report concussions, increased concussion knowledge, better concussion attitudes, and more perceived behavioral control, both immediately after education and at one-month follow-up. However, athletes randomized to CC reported greater intent to report concussion, more knowledge, and improved concussion-reporting attitudes, when compared to CDC-Vi and CDC-Wr. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov trial ID number is XXX.
Measurements of H(z) and DA(z) from the two-dimensional two-point correlation function of Sloan Digital Sky Survey luminous red galaxies

We present a method for measuring the Hubble parameter, H(z), and angular diameter distance, DA(z), from the two-dimensional two-point correlation function and validate it using LasDamas mock galaxy catalogues. Applying our method to the sample of luminous red galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, we measure and Mpc without assuming a dark energy model or a flat universe. We find that the derived measurements of H(0.35) rs(zd)/c and DA(0.35)/rs(zd) [where rs(zd) is the sound horizon at the drag epoch] are nearly uncorrelated, have tighter constraints and are more robust with respect to possible systematic effects. Our galaxy clustering measurements of (with the correlation coefficient r = 0.0604) can be used to combine with cosmic microwave background and any other cosmological data sets to constrain dark energy. Our results represent the first measurements of H(z) and DA(z) (or H(z) rs(zd)/c and DA(0.35)/rs(zd)) from galaxy clustering data. Our work has significant implications for future surveys in establishing the feasibility of measuring both H(z) and DA(z) from galaxy clustering data.
EFFECT OF ULTRA-FAST CONTINIOUS ANNEALING ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW Si GRADE Nb-Ti MICROALLOYING TRIP STEEL

Si-containing transformation induced plasticity(TRIP) steel is noted for good balance of excellent formability and high strength as the advanced high strength steel(AHSS). The advantage of this steel can be attributed to the TRIP effect, which is the transformation of the retained austenite. Furthermore, the local increase in specific volume caused by the TRIP effect can help to close propagating cracks. It is favorable for the automotive structural components based on the high work hardening rate and energy absorption behavior. Low Si-containing can optimize the galvanized performance of the cold rolling TRIP steel, and the ferrite stabilization can be compensated by adding Al. Microalloying with Nb and Ti may provide effective means for further strengthening via grain refinement and precipitation strengthening. The ultra- fast continuous annealing comprised of rapid heating and short austempering is a new-style process for grain refinement and precipitation solidifying. However, the influences of the process on the cold rolling low Si TRIP steel, especially the austenite transformation characteristics and their effects on microstructure and mechanical properties, were rarely reported. Therefore, in this work the microstructures of low Si grade Nb-Ti microalloying TRIP steel under different ultra-fast continuous annealing conditions were observed via EBSD and TEM, and the tensile properties were discussed. The results show that the polygonal ferrite is refined by heating rate of 100 ℃/s and short asutempering procedure. The dispersive and fine microalloyed carbonitrides formed during the hot-rolling stage are reserved. Therefore, the strength and ductility are enhanced simultaneously. The slow cooling procedure can effectively contribute to eliminate the yield point, while the strength is slightly decreased. As the annealing temperature increasing, the strength is enhanced. When the annealing temperature is 830 ℃, the morphology of retained austenite consists of alternated film and bainite-ferrite plates, resulting in optimal combination of strength and ductility: tensile strength 748 MPa, yield strength 408 MPa, uniform elongation 21.3%, work hardening exponent 0.27, balance of strength and ductility is 15932.4 MPa· %.
Predicting the Genomic Resolution of Bulk Segregant Analysis

Abstract Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) is a technique for identifying the genetic loci that underlie phenotypic trait differences. The basic approach of this method is to compare two pools of individuals from the opposing tails of the phenotypic distribution, sampled from an interbred population. Each pool is sequenced and scanned for alleles that show divergent frequencies between the pools, indicating potential association with the observed trait differences. BSA has already been successfully applied to the mapping of various quantitative trait loci in organisms ranging from yeast to maize. However, these studies have typically suffered from rather low mapping resolution, and we still lack a detailed understanding of how this resolution is affected by experimental parameters. Here, we use coalescence theory to calculate the expected genomic resolution of BSA. We first show that in an idealized interbreeding population of infinite size, the expected length of the mapped region is inversely proportional to the recombination rate, the number of generations of interbreeding, and the number of genomes sampled, as intuitively expected. In a finite population, coalescence events in the genealogy of the sample reduce the number of potentially informative recombination events during interbreeding, thereby increasing the length of the mapped region. This is incorporated into our theory by an effective population size parameter that specifies the pairwise coalescence rate of the interbreeding population. The mapping resolution predicted by our theory closely matches numerical simulations. Furthermore, we show that the approach can easily be extended to modifications of the crossing scheme. Our framework enables researchers to predict the expected power of their mapping experiments, and to evaluate how their experimental design could be tuned to optimize mapping resolution.
Tuning Nanoparticle Surface Chemistry and Interfacial Properties for Highly Stable Nitrogen-In-Brine Foams

The design of surface chemistries on nanoparticles (NPs) to stabilize gas/brine foams with concentrated electrolytes, especially with divalent ions, has been elusive. Herein, we tune the surface of 20 nm silica NPs by grafting a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic ligand to achieve two seemingly contradictory goals of colloidal stability in brine and high NP adsorption to yield a viscoelastic gas-brine interface. Highly stable nitrogen/water (N2/brine) foams are formed with CaCl2 concentrations up to 2% from 25 to 90 °C. The viscoelastic gas-brine interface retards drainage of the lamellae, and the high dilational elasticity arrests coarsening (Ostwald ripening) with no observable change in foam bubble size over 48 h. The ability to design NP-laden viscoelastic interfaces for highly stable foams, even with high divalent ion concentrations, is of fundamental mechanistic interest for a broad range of foam applications and in particular foams for CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery.
Engagement at the margins: Investigating how marginalized teens use digital media for political participation:

This study investigates the information and participatory political practices of marginalized youth via four focus groups with 23 teens (aged 13–17 years) from two geographically distinct regions o...
A signalling cascade for Ral.

Ras is the most mutated oncoprotein in cancer. Among the three oncogenic effectors of Ras - Raf, PI3 Kinase and RalGEF>Ral - signalling through RalGEF>Ral (Ras-like) is by far the least well understood. A variety of signals and binding partners have been defined for Ral, yet we know little of how Ral functions in vivo. This review focuses on previous research in Drosophila that defined a function for Ral in apoptosis and established indirect relationships among Ral, the CNH-domain MAP4 Kinase misshapen, and the JNK MAP kinase basket. Most of the described signalling components are not essential in C. elegans, facilitating subsequent analysis using developmental patterning of the C. elegans vulval precursor cells (VPCs). The functions of two paralogous CNH-domain MAP4 Kinases were defined relative to Ras>Raf, Notch and Ras>RalGEF>Ral signalling in VPCs. MIG-15, the nematode ortholog of misshapen, antagonizes both the Ral-dependent and Ras>Raf-dependent developmental outcomes. In contrast, paralogous GCK-2, the C. elegans ortholog of Drosophila happyhour, propagates the 2°-promoting signal of Ral. Manipulations via CRISPR of Ral signalling through GCK-2 coupled with genetic epistasis delineated a Ras>RalGEF>Ral>Exo84>GCK-2>MAP3KMLK-1> p38PMK-1 cascade. Thus, genetic analysis using invertebrate experimental organisms defined a cascade from Ras to p38 MAP kinase.
Caregiver Characteristics Associated With Cognitive Complaints in Women With Breast Cancer.

OBJECTIVES To explore whether caregiver characteristics were associated with cognitive complaints reported by women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. SAMPLE A SETTING 61 dyads of women with breast cancer and their caregivers were recruited at Duke Women's Cancer Care Raleigh in North Carolina. METHODS A VARIABLES An exploratory, cross-sectional design was used. Data were obtained on patients and caregivers. Patient cognitive complaints were represented by cognitive impairment (CI) and cognitive ability (CA). RESULTS Two significant associations were found. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Healthcare providers should consider caregivers when assessing and managing patients' cognitive symptoms. This study suggests the value of including caregivers when establishing interventions for patients who have cognitive complaints.
Health Disparities: Impact of Health Disparities and Treatment Decision-Making Biases on Cancer Adverse Effects Among Black Cancer Survivors.

Background Health disparities affect cancer incidence, treatment decisions, and adverse effects. Oncology providers may hold biases in the decision-making process, which can perpetuate health disparities. Objectives The purpose of this article is to describe health disparities across treatment decisions and adverse effects, describe decision-making biases, and provide suggestions for nurses to mitigate adverse outcomes. Methods A scoping review of the literature was conducted. Findings Factors affecting health disparities stem, in part, from structural racism and decision-making biases, such as implicit bias, which occurs when individuals have unconscious negative thoughts or feelings toward a particular group. Other decision-making biases, seemingly unrelated to race, include default bias, delay discounting bias, and availability bias. Nurses and nurse navigators can mitigate health disparities by providing culturally appropriate care, assessing health literacy, providing education regarding adverse effects, serving as patient advocates, empowering patients, evaluating personal level of disease knowledge, and monitoring and managing cancer treatment adverse effects.
Nucleic Acids: General Properties

Nucleic acids are biological polymers generally composed of four different monomer units termed nucleotides. The unit length of one molecule can be as much as one billion nucleotides. Although the biological roles that nucleic acids fulfil are diverse, the structure and function of each molecule is elaborated from a common set of general properties. Keywords: DNA; RNA; double helix; hairpin; base pair; hydrogen bond
Nonlinear Large-Deflection Boundary-Value Problems of Rectangular Plates

Note presenting a theoretical analysis of an initially flat, rectangular plate with large deflections under either normal pressure or combined normal pressure and side thrust.
Goods Movement Life Cycle Assessment for Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goals

Summary The formation of effective policies to reduce emissions from goods movement should consider local and remote life cycle effects as well as barriers for mode shifting. Using uni- and multimodal freight movements by truck, rail, and ocean-going vessel (OGV) associated with California, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is developed to estimate the local and remote emissions that occur from freight activity inside and associated with the state. Long-run average per tonne-kilometer results show that OGVs emit the fewest emissions, followed by rail, then trucks, and that the inclusion of life cycle processes can increase impacts by up to 32% for energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and 4,200% for conventional air pollutants. Efforts to reduce emissions through mode shifting should recognize that infrastructure and market configurations may be inimical to mode substitution. A uni- and multimodal shipping emissions assessment is developed for intrastate and California-associated freight movements to illustrate the life cycle impacts of typical trips for certain types of goods. When targeting GHG reductions in California, it should be recognized that heavy-duty trucks are responsible for 99% of intrastate goods movement emissions. An assessment of future freight truck technology improvements is performed to estimate the effectiveness of strategies to meet 2050 GHG reduction goals. Whereas aggressive improvements in fuel economy coupled with alternative vehicles and fuels can significantly reduce GHG emissions, to meet 2050 goals will likely require zero carbon emission vehicle technology. The value of using LCA in GHG reduction policy for transportation systems is explored.
Exact Momentum Distribution of a Fermi Gas in One Dimension

We introduce an exactly solvable model of a fermi gas in one dimension and compute the momentum distribution exactly. This is based on a generalisation of the ideas of bosonization in one dimension. It is shown that in the RPA limit(the ultra-high density limit) the answers we get are the exact answers for a homogeneous fermi gas interacting via a two-body repulsive coulomb interaction. Furthermore, the solution may be obtained exactly for arbitrary functional forms of the interaction, so long as it is purely repulsive. No linearization of the bare fermion dispersion is required. We find that for the interaction considered, the fermi surface is intact for weak repulsion and is destroyed only for sufficiently strong repulsion. Comparison with other models like the supersymmetric t-J model with inverse square interactions is made.
Highly anisotropic crystal growth and thermoelectric properties of K2Bi8−xSbxSe13 solid solutions: Band gap anomaly at low x

The thermoelectric properties of solid solutions of the type β-K2Bi8−xSbxSe13 (0<x<8) were studied with respect to thermal behavior, band gap variation, and charge transport properties as a function of x. At x values between 0 and 1.5, the energy band gap is observed to decrease (anomalous) before it widens with increasing x values as would be expected. For selected members of the solid solutions, the Bridgman technique was applied to obtain well-grown oriented ingots that were used to measure the thermal conductivity and charge transport properties in different growth directions. The measurements showed a strong anisotropy in thermoelectric properties with the largest anisotropy observed in the electrical conductivity. Lattice thermal conductivities of the selected solid solutions were observed to decrease when the x value increases. Preliminary doping studies on the x=1.6 member were carried out and it was shown that it is possible to significantly increase the power factor.
Nuclear autoantigen translocation and autoantibody opsonization lead to increased dendritic cell phagocytosis and presentation of nuclear antigens: a novel pathogenic pathway for autoimmunity?

Autoreactivity in lupus requires the delivery of autoantigens to APCs in a proinflammatory context. It has been proposed that apoptotic cells are a source of lupus autoantigens and targets for autoantibodies. Using a histone H2B-GFP fusion protein as traceable Ag, we show here that lupus autoantibodies, directed against nuclear autoantigens, can opsonize apoptotic cells, enhance their uptake through induction of proinflammatory FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, and augment Ag-specific T cell proliferation by increasing Ag loading. Apoptotic blebs and bodies seemed to be a preferred target of DC phagocytosis, via both “eat-me signals” and FcγR-mediated mechanisms; furthermore, inhibition of nuclear Ag redistribution, by blockade of chromatin fragmentation, could stop binding and opsonization of apoptotic cells by autoantibodies, and inhibited Fcγ-R-mediated enhancement of phagocytosis. Our results suggest that DC uptake of opsonized histones and other nuclear Ags from apoptotic cells is a novel pathway for the presentation of nuclear Ags in a highly inflammatory context. Blockade of chromatin fragmentation in lupus is a potential therapeutic approach, which could theoretically limit DC access to autoantigens delivered in proinflammatory context, while leaving available for tolerization those delivered in a noninflammatory context.
Regional hydrostratigraphy and groundwater flow modeling in the arsenic-affected areas of the western Bengal basin, West Bengal, India

The first documented interpretation of the regional-scale hydrostratigraphy and groundwater flow is presented for a ∼21,000-km2 area of the arsenic-affected districts of West Bengal [Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas (including Calcutta)], India. A hydrostratigraphic model demonstrates the presence of a continuous, semi-confined sand aquifer underlain by a thick clay aquitard. The aquifer thickens toward the east and south. In the south, discontinuous clay layers locally divide the near-surface aquifer into several deeper, laterally connected, confined aquifers. Eight 22-layer model scenarios of regional groundwater flow were developed based on the observed topography, seasonal conditions, and inferred hydrostratigraphy. The models suggest the existence of seasonally variable, regional, north–south flow across the basin prior to the onset of extensive pumping in the 1970s. Pumping has severely distorted the flow pattern, inducing high vertical hydraulic gradients across wide cones of depression. Pumping has also increased total recharge (including irrigational return flow), inflow from rivers, and sea water intrusion. Consequently, downward flow of arsenic contaminated shallow groundwater appears to have resulted in contamination of previously safe aquifers by a combination of mechanical mixing and changes in chemical equilibrium.
Clinical Experience With A PACS Module In Pediatric Radiology: Clinical Viewpoint

A PACS module for Pediatric Radiology began routine clinical operation in March 1987. The system thus far has been used to conduct daily X-ray rounds as well as for fast patient reviews during all hours of the day. This paper describes the clinical operation of this system including patient registration, image acquisition, image management, and patient case reviews. A PACS system operator is responsible for the daily mainenance of the system. These responsibilities are outlined.
A splitting criterion for an isolated singularity at x = 0 in a family of even hypersurfaces

Assume given a family of even local analytic hypersurfaces, whose central fiber has an isolated singularity at x = 0 which is not an ordinary double point. We prove that if the family is sufficiently general, for instance if the general fiber is smooth and the general singular fiber has only ordinary double points, then the singularity at x = 0 “splits in codimension one”, i.e., the local discriminant divisor has an irreducible component, over which a general fiber has more than one singularity specializing to the original one. As a corollary, we deduce the result by Grushevsky and Salvati Manni (Singularities of the theta divisor at points of order two, IMRN, 2007, Proposition 8) that on a principally polarized abelian variety (A, Θ) with dim(A) = g ≥ 4, a singularity of even multiplicity on Θ, isolated or not, at a point of order two and not an ordinary double point, must be a limit of two distinct ordinary double points {x, −x} on nearby theta divisors.
4507 Endoscopic ultrasound accurately stages and directs the surgical management of rectal carcinoma.

Background: Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) has become one of the best methods for staging gastrointestinal cancers. The preoperative local staging of rectal cancer is important since new transanal surgical techniques can preserve rectal and anal function. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of EUS staging and evaluate the impact of EUS on the surgical management of rectal cancer. Method:A retrospective chart and database review of 23 patients with rectal cancer who underwent rectal EUS at Cornell Weill Medical College from 1997 to 1999 was performed. The medical history, EUS staging, surgical pathology, radiographic studies, and treatment were reviewed. Result: 17 patients had surgical pathology available from 23 patients. Using surgical pathology as the benchmark, accuracy of EUS staging was assessed. T stage accuracy was 94 % (16/17), and N stage accuracy was 100 % (17/17). Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) was performed on 4 patients and yielded the correct diagnosis with 100% accuracy (4/4). In 6 patients with EUS stage T3N0 or greater (4 patients with EUS stage T3N0 and 2 patients with EUS stage T3N1), 2 patients underwent low anterior resection (LAR) and 3 patients underwent abdominal peritoneal resection (APR). 1 patient underwent transanal resection (TAR) because he was poor surgical candidate. In 11 patients with EUS stage T2 N0 or less (7 patients with EUS stage T2N0 and 4 patients with EUS stage T1N0), 2 patients had endoscopic removal, 5 patients underwent TAR and 4 patients had LAR. 10 of the 11 patients were accurately staged and 1 patient was overstaged as T2 by EUS. No patients were understaged. EUS directed surgical management in 85 % (12/14) of patients with rectal cancer. For these patients, T3 or N1 EUS staging resulted in LAR and EUS T2, T1, and N0 determinations resulted in TAR. Conclusion: EUS can accurately stage rectal cancer and direct the choice of surgical approach. Further study is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
Nuclear Magnetic Moments and Their Origin

The origin of the nuclear moments is in most cases one proton or one neutron only. The analysis of hyperfine structure leads to the following magnetic moments: proton ~2.0 magnetons and neutron ~ -0.6 magneton.
Age-size population dynamics: Derivation of a general matrix methodology

Abstract A population dynamics model incorporating age- and size-dependent growth and mortality is proposed. The model is represented in the form of matrix equations conceptually derived from the Sinko and Streiffer partial differential equations. To simulate population dynamics, the population number matrix is sequentially updated by size and age operators. The size operator has not previously been defined, whereas the age operator can be recognized as the subdiagonal survivorship elements of the Lewis-Leslie matrix. Birth is incorporated by defining birth size matrices, one matrix for each birth size when there is more than one birth size class of progeny.
Citalopram Therapy for Depression: A Review of 10 Years of European Experience and Data From U.S. Clinical Trials

Background This review summarizes and evaluates clinical experience with citalopram, the latest selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) to be approved for the treatment of depression in the United States. Data sources Published reports of randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical studies of citalopram were retrieved using a MEDLINE literature search. Search terms included citalopram, SSRI, TCA (tricylic antidepressant), depression, and clinical. For each study, data on antidepressant efficacy and adverse events were evaluated. Pharmacokinetic studies and case reports were reviewed to supplement the evaluation of citalopram's safety and tolerability. Data presented at major medical conferences and published in abstract form also were reviewed. Study findings Thirty randomized, double-blind, controlled studies of the antidepressant efficacy of citalopram were located and reviewed. In 11 studies, citalopram was compared with placebo (1 of these studies also included comparison with another SSRI). In 4 additional studies, the efficacy of citalopram in preventing depression relapse or recurrence was investigated. In another 11 studies (including 1 meta-analysis of published and unpublished trials), citalopram was compared with tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. Finally, results are available from 4 studies in which citalopram was compared with other SSRIs. A placebo-controlled study of citalopram for the treatment of panic disorder was reviewed for data on long-term adverse events. Conclusion Data published over the last decade suggest that citalopram is (1) superior to placebo in the treatment of depression, (2) has efficacy similar to that of the tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants and to other SSRIs, and (3) is safe and well tolerated in the therapeutic dose range of 20 to 60 mg/day. Distinct from some other agents in its class, citalopram exhibits linear pharmacokinetics and minimal drug interaction potential. These features make citalopram an attractive agent for the treatment of depression, especially among the elderly and patients with comorbid illness.
Visual information and evoked responses from the left and right hemispheres

Abstract Average evoked responses (AER) to verbal and non-verbal stimuli were recorded from left and right occipital EEG leads in ten normal right-handed subjects. Although the two types of stimuli were carefully matched for physical properties, their evoked potential wave forms could be differentiated by means of a computational technique utilizing replicate evoked responses. AER wave forms for verbal and non-verbal stimuli were more different from the left hemispheric lead than from the right. Verbal stimuli had shorter AER latencies. Hemispheric differences in the AER are consistent with the hypothesis that the cerebral hemispheres in man assume an asymmetrical role in governing cognitive behavior.
Borel separability of the coanalytic Ramsey sets

Abstract Let AC (“almost complete”) and AI (“almost independent”) denote the collections of graphs with vertex set ω and which have, respectively, no infinite independent subgraph, and no infinite complete subgraph. Both AC and AI are coanalytic sets of reals that are not analytic, and they are disjoint by Ramsey’s theorem. We prove that there exists a Borel set separating AC and AI, and we discuss the sense in which this is an infinite analogue of a weak version of P = NP .
Wafer Bonding of Silicon Carbide and Gallium Nitride

Wafer bonding of SiC and GaN may prove important in the formation of high power heterojunction devices. Results of bonding SiC (C or Si surface) onto GaN (Ga surface) are presented. The samples were n-type 6H SiC and epitaxial n-type 2H(wurzite) GaN grown on SiC. The results demonstrate bonding for both possibilities, but the bonding of the C surface SiC to Ga surface GaN is more readily accomplished. A lower resistance was found for the C-face SiC/Ga-face GaN. The results indicate that the polarity of the interface is important for bonding of these materials.
Comparison of mycophenolic acid concentrations determined by a new PETINIA assay on the Dimension EXL analyzer and a HPLC-UV method

Abstract Objective Mycophenolic acid requires routine therapeutic drug monitoring. We evaluated the suitability of a new PETINIA (particle enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay) assay on the Dimension EXL analyzer for monitoring of mycophenolic acid by comparing values obtained by this assay with a HPLC-UV method. Design and methods Mycophenolic acid concentrations determined in sera of 60 organ transplant recipients using high performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV, reference method) and the new immunoassay on the Dimension RxL analyzer. Results The within and between run precision of the new PETINIA assay was Conclusions If PETINIA assay is used for therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid, caution must be exercised in interpreting serum mycophenolic acid level due to observed positive bias.
Cancer health disparities among Asian Americans : What we know and what we need to do

Asian Americans are the nation's fastest growing racial group in terms of percentages, and they constitute a very heterogeneous population. The author reviewed the literature and proposed an agenda to reduce cancer health disparities based on this review and the accomplishments and aspirations of the National Cancer Institute-funded Asian American Network for Cancer Awareness, Research, and Training. The Asian American cancer burden is unique, unusual, and, to a certain extent, unnecessary. The Asian American cancer burden is unique, because Asians are the only racial/ethnic population to experience cancer as the leading cause of death. The unusual aspects of the cancer burden among Asian Americans include experiencing proportionally more cancers of infectious origin, such as human papillomavirus-induced cervical cancer, hepatitis B virus-induced liver cancer, and stomach cancer, than any other racial/ethnic population and, at the same time, experiencing an increasing numbers of cancers associated with “Westernization.” To a certain extent, the cancer burden for Asian Americans is unnecessary if barriers to cancer screening, overcoming resistance to physician visits, and culturally competent interventions to reduce smoking, unhealthy diet, and increasing proper exercise can be instituted. Reducing cancer health disparities among Asian Americans will involve research into their unique, unusual, and unnecessary cancer burden. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Context Modularity of Human Altruism

Whereas altruism drives the evolution of human cooperation, ethno-religious diversity has been considered to obstruct it, leading to poverty, corruption, and war. We argue that current research has failed to properly account for the institutional environment and how it affects the role diversity plays. The emergence of thriving, diverse communities throughout human history suggests that diversity does not always lead to cooperation breakdown. We conducted experiments in Mostar, Bosnia-Herzegovina with Catholic Croats and Muslim Bosniaks at a critical historic moment in the city’s postwar history. Using a public goods game, we found that the ability to sanction is key to achieving cooperation in ethno-religiously diverse groups, but that sanctions succeed only in integrated institutional environments and fail in segregated ones. Hence, we show experimentally for the first time in a real-life setting that institutions of integration can unleash human altruism and restore cooperation in the presence of diversity.