cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Three-Dimensional Current and Surface Wave Equations

Surface wave equations appropriate to three-dimensional ocean models apparently have not been presented in the literature. It is the intent of this paper to correct that deficiency. Thus, expressions for vertically dependent radiation stresses and a definition of the Doppler velocity for a vertically dependent current field are obtained. Other quantities such as vertically dependent surface pressure forcing are derived for inclusion in the momentum and wave energy equations. The equations include terms that represent the production of turbulence energy by currents and waves. These results are a necessary precursor for three-dimensional ocean models that handle surface waves together with wind- and buoyancy-driven currents. Although the third dimension has been added here, the analysis is based on the assumption that the depth dependence of wave motions is provided by linear theory, an assumption that is the basis of much of the wave literature.
Application of Magneto-Rheological Finishing (MRF®) to the Figuring of Adaptive Optics Systems

The advancement of adaptive optics requires improved processes for manufacturing the facesheet and the facesheet/actuator assembly as a whole. Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF®) is a deterministic, subaperture, shear-based removal process that solves both of these issues.
“Bean Sprouts:” A Community-Produced Television Series for Children

(1978). “Bean Sprouts:” A Community-Produced Television Series for Children. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 149-156.
Suppression of the SWI/SNF Component Arid1a Promotes Mammalian Regeneration

Mammals have partially lost the extensive regenerative capabilities of some vertebrates, possibly as a result of chromatin-remodeling mechanisms that enforce terminal differentiation. Here, we show that deleting the SWI/SNF component Arid1a substantially improves mammalian regeneration. Arid1a expression is suppressed in regenerating tissues, and genetic deletion of Arid1a increases tissue repair following an array of injuries. Arid1a deficiency in the liver increases proliferation, reduces tissue damage and fibrosis, and improves organ function following surgical resection and chemical injuries. Hepatocyte-specific deletion is also sufficient to increase proliferation and regeneration without excessive overgrowth, and global Arid1a disruption potentiates soft tissue healing in the ear. We show that Arid1a loss reprograms chromatin to restrict promoter access by transcription factors such as C/ebpα, which enforces differentiation, and E2F4, which suppresses cell-cycle re-entry. Thus, epigenetic reprogramming mediated by deletion of a single gene improves mammalian regeneration and suggests strategies to promote tissue repair after injury.
Comments on Eudusbabekia, new name (Jamesonia Dusbábek, 1967, preoccupied), with two new species (Acarina: Myobiidae).

Eudusbabekia is proposed as a new name for Jamesonia Dusbabek, 1967 (Acarina: Myobiidae), preoccupied by Jamesonia Bolivar, 1909 (Orthoptera). Eudusbabekia lepidoseta , n. sp. ex Sturnira lilium , and Eudusbabekia phyllostomi , n. sp. ex Phyllostomus discolor, are described; both are from Nicaragua.
PREPARATION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC "GROWTH HORMONE-PROLACTIN".

SummaryA simple procedure for partial purification of human chorionic “growth hor-mone-prolactin” is described utilizing DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Sephadex G-75 filtration. The preparation has a high degree of homogeneity. However, small amounts of serum protein contaminants were detected. The electrophoretic mobility in starch gel of the isolated hormone, utilizing a modified discontinuous buffer system was comparable to that of the “native” hormone in a freshly prepared crude placental extract.
Studies of Complex Lipids Synthesized from Acetate-1-C14 by the Cereal Leaf Beetle, Oulema melanopus

Prediapause summer adult Oulema melanopus (L.) were fed acetate-1-C14 and their total lipid was fractionated by silicic acid chromatography. Most of the acetatc-1-C14 was incorporated into the triglyceride fraction (75%), saturated hydrocarbons (13%), phospholipids (5.5%), and the steryl esters (2.2%). The remainder of the radioactivity was distributed among the rest of the lipid fractions eluted with about 1% of it in the unsaturated hydrocarbon fraction. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the fatty acid moeities of the eluted lipid fractions demonstrated that most of the acetate-1-C14 was incorporated into palmitic (15–30%) and oleic acids (54–77%). The relative distribution of fatty acids measured by peak area also demonstrated high quantities of linolenic acid (8–59%). The latter method of analysis showed also that stearic acid was high (19%) in the steryl esters fraction. The high quantities of linolenic and stearic acids found were thought to be of nutritional origin.
Abstract 164: Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves Access for Rural Veterans

Objective: Referral to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is one of nine performance measures for patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), but fewer than 10% of eligible Veterans participate. Home-based CR programs may improve participation in CR, particularly for rural Veterans who do not live near traditional facility-based programs. We sought to compare referral to, participation in, and completion of CR in rural and urban Veterans. Methods: We established The Healthy Heart Program, a home-based CR program, to increase participation in CR programs and provide an alternative to facility-based CR programs for Veterans with IHD. Between August 2013 and May 2015, 574 patients were referred to CR during hospitalization for myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, valve surgery, angina, or as an outpatient with heart failure. We used the Rural-Urban Commuting Areas (zip code) system to categorize urban and rural Veterans. We then compared the proportions of urban vs. rural Veterans who were referred to, enrolled in, and completed home-based CR. Results: Overall, 52% (94/181) of rural and 51% (202/393) of urban Veterans agreed to enroll in CR. Rural Veterans were more likely to be married (50% vs. 41%, p=0.02) and have undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (30% vs. 20%, p=0.03). Among 296 patients who agreed to enroll, 82% chose home-based and 18% chose facility-based CR (p<0.001). Rural Veterans were more likely than urban Veterans to choose home-based CR (95% vs. 76%; p<0.001). Among 243 patients who enrolled in home-based CR, rural Veterans were more likely to complete at least 9 weeks of home-based CR (67% vs. 53%; p=0.031) and less likely to withdraw (33% vs. 47%, p=0.031). After adjustment for demographics and clinical indication, rural Veterans had 49% greater odds of enrolling in (odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.03, 2.14; p=0.034) and 80% greater odds of completing home-based CR (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.20, 2.71; p=0.004). Conclusion: The majority of Veterans who were interested in CR chose a home-based over a facility-based program. Rural Veterans were more likely to choose home-based CR and to complete CR. Home-based CR is an effective way of engaging patients who may otherwise decline to participate in CR, especially for rural Veterans.
Determination of Inorganic Anions in Biluochun Tea by Ion chromatography

[Objective]To establish the method for simultaneous determination of several kinds of inorganic anions in green tea,to determine the inorganic anions levels in Biluochun Tea.[Methods]Twenty samples of Biluochun and a roasted sample were soaked in deionized water about 70 ℃,then treated by ultrasound and decolorization,and analyzed by ion chromatography.[Results]For indicator of fluoride,the relative standard deviation(RSD) was within the range of 4%;recoveries were in the range 90%～105%;F-was 1.0～3.0 mg/L;Cl- 1.0～ 4.00 mg/L;NO3- 0.5～ 1.50 mg/L;SO42-0.5～2.00 mg/L.[Conclusion]Ion chromatography can simultaneously determine 4 kinds of inorganic anions with characteristics of high accuracy,high precision and good stability.
Analysis of Food Poisoning in Changshu City from 2006 to 2009

[Objective]To understand the rules and characteristics of food poisoning in Changshu City during 4 years,and provide corresponding preventive and control measures.[Methods]Descriptive analysis was performed on food poisoning tables and cases data reported during 2006-2009.[Results]A total of 21 incidents of food poisoning were reported in Changshu City,with 691 cases,the annual average number of poisoning cases was 173,without death case.Food poisoning mainly occurred in collective canteen,followed by family feasts for marriage,funeral and house building which has become the place with high incidence of food poisoning;most poisoning incidents occurred in the third quarter;the major food caused poisoning was meat products,and microorganism was the main course for poisoning.[Conclusion]The incidents and cases of food poisoning have the increasing trend.The key measure for food poisoning prevention is strengthening health supervision and propaganda and education.
Research on Deployment Plan and Detection Technology for the Integrated Video Surveillance Platform of Power Grid

To achieve the video resources share, State Grid Corporation of China plans to build an integrated video surveillance platform, which can realize the interconnection, unified control and unified management of network video systems. For the limited bandwidth of existing networks and the performance bottlenecks of the existing video platforms, this paper studies the scheme of the integrated video surveillance platform based on the hierarchical deployment of the streaming media servers, establishes the evaluation models of the platform performance and reliability indexes and uses the models to analyze an evaluation example. The results show that the scheme can ensure the safe and reliable operation of the grid integrated video surveillance platform.
Conclusion and Future Direction of Health Politics and Policies

This final chapter of the book is devoted to summarizing the issues and perspectives we have examined in the last nine chapters. Following the summary, we utilize our understanding of the environment of health care policy-making in the country, our perception of the attitudes and beliefs of the people, at least at the moment, our educated opinions of the decision alternatives before the Supreme Court regarding the legal challenges to the health care reform law and our analysis of the problems the PPACA did not fully address, to speculate as to the likely future direction of the nation’s health policy. We begin by attempting to summarize the important arguments we have made in the previous chapters of the book.
Common Molecular Mechanisms

The present workshop is the second of two coordinated conferences on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The first meeting highlighted the molecular mechanisms common to radiation and chemical agents. Here we will place greater emphasis on epidemiological considerations and on dose-response models used in risk assessment to extrapolate from experimental data obtained at high doses to the effects from long-term, low-level exposures. Nevertheless, we feel so strongly that the sorting out of biologically realistic dose-response models must follow from mechanistic insight that we will open Session I with reports from the NCI symposium/workshop. It is my charge to deal with common molecular mechanisms; Michael Fry will be the rapporteur on cellular and animal models.
Interconnect-Area Estimation for Macro Cell Placements

In Chapter 3 it was shown that simulated annealing was an effective algorithm upon which to base a standard cell placement and global routing package. Furthermore, in Chapter 4 it was shown that simulated annealing was also effective for the generalized macro/custom cell placement problem. For this latter layout style, the cells are permitted to have any rectilinear shape. Furthermore, the cells may have fixed geometry including pin locations (macro cells) or the cells may have an estimated area with a specified aspect-ratio range, and with pins that need to be placed (custom cells).
Resistance to Interpersonal Requests: A Summary and Critique of Recent Research

This chapter examines existing research on interpersonal influence by focusing on competing tensions between compliance with and resistance to interpersonal requests. Scholarship on compliance-resistance taxonomies, emotional responses to requests, and the role of obstacles in requesting, resistance, and responding is reviewed within the context of four theoretical perspectives: resource theory, politeness theory, attribution theory, and constructivism. The concluding section presents future research directions for compliance resistance in general and each of the four theoretical perspectives discussed.
EEG in Wolf-Hirschhorn/Pitt-Rogers-Danks Syndromes

A characteristic electroclinical pattern is described in a child with Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome (PRDS) and in 14 reports of Wolf-Hirschorn syndrome (WHS) reviewed at the Division of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Sampling in Infrared Spectroscopy of Heterogeneous Materials Requires Reproducible Pressure Control

Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy, in which the sample is pressed against an internal reflection element, is a popular technique for rapid IR spectral collection. However, depending on the accessory design, the pressure applied to the sample is not always well controlled. While collecting data from fabrics with heterogeneous coatings, we have observed systematic pressure-dependent changes in spectra that can be eliminated by more reproducible pressure control. We also described a pressure sensor adapted to work with an ATR tower to enable more precise control of pressure during ATR sampling.
The Importance of Urine Concentration on the Diagnostic Performance of the Urinalysis for Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection.

Study objective The presence of leukocyte esterase by urine dipstick and microscopic pyuria are both indicators of possible urinary tract infection. The effect of urine concentration on the diagnostic performance of the urinalysis for pediatric urinary tract infection has not been studied. Our objective is to determine whether the urinalysis performance for detecting urinary tract infection varies by urine concentration as measured by specific gravity. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of the urine laboratory results of children younger than 13 years who presented to the emergency department during 68 months and had a paired urinalysis and urine culture obtained. Urinary tract infection was defined as pure growth of a uropathogen at standard culture thresholds. Test characteristics were calculated across 4 specific gravity groups (1.000 to 1.010, 1.011 to 1.020, 1.021 to 1.030, and >1.030). Results In total, 14,971 cases were studied. Median age was 1.5 years (interquartile range 0.4 to 5.5 years) and 60% were female patients. Prevalence of urinary tract infection was 7.7%. For the presence of leukocyte esterase and a range of pyuria cut points, the positive likelihood ratios decreased with increasing specific gravity. From most dilute to most concentrated urine, the positive likelihood ratio decreased from 12.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.7 to 13.7) to 4.2 (95% CI 3.0 to 5.8) and 9.5 (95% CI 8.6 to 10.6) to 5.5 (95% CI 3.3 to 9.1) at a threshold of greater than or equal to 5 WBCs per high-power field and presence of leukocyte esterase, respectively. The negative likelihood ratios increased with increasing specific gravity for leukocyte esterase and microscopic pyuria. Conclusion For the detection of pediatric urinary tract infection, the diagnostic performance of both dipstick leukocyte esterase and microscopic pyuria varies by urine concentration, and therefore the specific gravity should be considered when the urinalysis is interpreted.
Devil dogs chronicle: voices of the 4th marine brigade in World War I

In this book George B. Clark presents an excellent account of the 4th Marine Brigade during the Great War in the same vein as James H. Hallas’s edited volume, Doughboy War: The American Expeditiona...
(110) cubic and (100) rhombohedral Ge crystal formation on glass using Al-induced crystallization

Begin we have experimentally looked into the physics of low temperature (<400C) amorphous Ge crystallization using AIC favoring the formation of highly oriented large grain Ge crystals towards (110) or (100) suitable for solar cell applications. We have carefully investigated the effects of experimental parameters such as Al and Ge layers thicknesses, interfacial oxide layer (between Al and Ge layers) and annealing conditions on defining the Ge dominant orientation other than normally achieved (111). We have implemented X-Ray diffraction analysis to demonstrate the critical role of oxide layer in reducing the surface free energy. We have studied the playing role of Al thickness on tuning Ge dominant orientation and subsequently achieved (110)-oriented cubic Ge on glass, which could be particularly attractive to mitigate antiphase defect formation during the III-V heteroepitaxy. Furthermore, we show for the first time the possibility of obtaining a novel rhombohedric (100) Ge presenting a remarkable option toward tuning of the Ge lattice constant to ~0.593 nm (instead of 0.565nm ), closely matched to the lattice of InP and related materials.
Loss of the anion exchanger DRA (Slc26a3), or PAT1 (Slc26a6), alters sulfate transport by the distal ileum and overall sulfate homeostasis

Sulfate is an essential anion that is actively absorbed from the small intestine involving members of the Slc26 gene family. Here, we show that the main intestinal chloride transporter Slc26a3, kno...
α-Conotoxin Decontamination Protocol Evaluation: What Works and What Doesn’t

Nine publically available biosafety protocols for safely handling conotoxin peptides were tested to evaluate their decontamination efficacy. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to assess the effect of each chemical treatment on the secondary and primary structure of α-CTx MII (L10V, E11A). Of the nine decontamination methods tested, treatment with 1% (m/v) solution of the enzymatic detergent Contrex™ EZ resulted in a 76.8% decrease in α-helical content as assessed by the mean residue ellipticity at 222 nm, and partial peptide digestion was demonstrated using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Additionally, treatment with 6% sodium hypochlorite (m/v) resulted in 80.5% decrease in α-helical content and complete digestion of the peptide. The Contrex™ EZ treatment was repeated with three additional α-conotoxins (α-CTxs), α-CTxs LvIA, ImI and PeIA, which verified the decontamination method was reasonably robust. These results support the use of either 1% Contrex™ EZ solution or 6% sodium hypochlorite in biosafety protocols for the decontamination of α-CTxs in research laboratories.
The Japanese Financial System: An Introductory Overview

We argue that the crisis is over in the sense that the underlying problems are now being addressed, or at least acknowledged, such that a systemic banking crisis has been averted. The crisis did not emerge all of a sudden. It developed in part because of policy mistakes, including years of regulatory forbearance in the face of serious problems with nonperforming loans. The crisis also was a consequence of changes in the system—some internally generated, others imposed by changes in the global environment; some needed, others undesired or unintended. The change also did not happen all of a sudden: for some 20 years the system has been evolving and developing, in response both to market forces and to the gradual and lopsided process of financial deregulation. This book describes, analyzes, and evaluates the crisis and the changes and considers the issues the Japanese financial system faces as it enters the 21st century.
Automatic Recognition of Low Resolution Tactile Sensing Data Using Rapid Transformation

A pattern is the description of an object that is sensed by appropriate hardware to form a useful data set, which in turn can be processed by a computer. In this paper, we concentrate on a class of patterns arising from geometrical figure approximations as encountered in robotics applications. A wide assortment of devices and systems exists today for data sensing of the environment in the robotics world. Generally speaking, we can classify them into two major classes: non-contact sensing and contact sensing. Non-contact sensing includes optical, sonic, ultrasonic, and magnetic ranging. Contact sensing is the area of tactile sensing with which this research is primarily concerned. A suitable definition of tactile sensing is expressed as continuously variable touch sensing over an array with a certain spatial resolution.
Transformations and Projections

Anyone doing graphics on a computer realizes very quickly that transformations are an integral part of the process of developing an image. If an image has two identical parts (for example, two hands), only one need be constructed. The other one is obtained by copying the first, then moving, reflecting, and rotating it to bring it to the right position. Often, we want to zoom on a small part of an image so more detail can be seen. Sometimes, it is useful to zoom out so a large image can be seen in its entirety on the screen, even though no details can then be discerned. Operations such as moving an image, rotating, reflecting, and scaling it are called geometric transformations. They are discussed in the first part of this chapter. A general reference for transformations is [Mortenson 95]. The second part of the chapter discusses projections. A three-dimensional object has to be projected down to two dimensions before it can be printed or displayed on a two-dimensional graphics output device.
An Even Greater “U-Turn”

Since the mid-1970s the United States has been experiencing a profound shift in both the nature and political management of the post-World War II pattern of economic development and income distribution. This “Great U-Turn,” so labeled by Bluestone and Harrison (1988), has been characterized by the dramatic reversal after 1973 of the postwar rise in real wages and relative stability or decline in inequality. Since that time, real wages have stagnated or fallen and the distribution of income and wealth has become more unequal.
A Test for Male Parental Care in a Fundulid, the Bluefin Killifish, Lucania goodei

Under field conditions, breeding male bluefin killifish, Lucania goodei, have been observed aggressively defending territories from other breeding males, non-breeding females, and minnows (mainly Notropis harperi). We performed an aquarium experiment to test whether male aggression serves to protect newly deposited eggs from predation. We allowed a male and a female to spawn in a yarn mop, removed the female, and exposed the eggs to one of four treatments (spawning male present, two minnows present, spawning mal+two minnows present, no adult fish present). Mops were censused daily for seven days. Egg predation rates were highest in the male+minnows and male only treatments. Egg predation rates in the male+minnows treatment did not differ from the predicted predation rate (sum of male only and minnows only treatments). Hence, there is no evidence for male parental care in L. goodei. In addition, we compared the egg predation rates (filial cannibalism) between males of 3 different color morphs and found no evidence for differential egg cannibalism.
Maraapunisaurus fragillimus, N.G. (formerly Amphicoelias fragillimus), a basal Rebbachisaurid from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Colorado

In 1878, Oramel Lucas shipped to E.D. Cope of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, a huge 1.5-m-tall neural spine from the dorsal vertebra of a sauropod (from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation) that Cope named and illustrated as Amphicoelis fragillimus.The holotype was lost and all that is known of the specimen is from Cope's original publication. Reanalysis of Cope's publication in light of other sauropods discovered since 1878 indicates that Amphicoelias fragillimus is a basal rebbachisaurid characterized by pneumatic neural spine and arch, and the unambiguous rebbachisaurid character of a festooned spinodiapophyseallamina. Because the specimen can no longer be referred to the basal diplodo­ coid Amphicoelias, the genus name is replaced with Maraapunisaurus n.g. As a rebbachisaurid, revised dimensions indicate a dorsal vertebra 2.4 m tall and a head-to-tail length for the animal of30.3 to 32m, significantly less than previous estimates.
An Analysis of HR Certification Value and Demand in Internet Job Announcements

As human resources certifications become prominent measures of occupational competency, HR professionals are increasingly curious about the value these credentials provide for individuals and organizations. This study examines connections between the demand for HR certifications and job posting sources, job type, industry, experience, and education requirements. Analyzing data from two job announcement websites, this study determines the worth of HR certifications by using demand for certifications as a signal of value. Expanding the work of Lyons et al. (2011), the present study serves as a temporal benchmark and finds nearly 20% of job announcements require or prefer a form of HR certification. Demand is positively related to experience, higher-level positions and education.
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Improving Glycaemic Control in Diabetic Vitamin D-Deficient Pregnant Women: A Single-Blinded Randomized Control Trial.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the most common conditions complicating pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency is closely associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. To study the effect of vitamin D supplementation on diabetic pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency. This randomized controlled study was conducted with 100 diabetic pregnant women. They were randomized into group A and group B. Group A were screened for vitamin D deficiency once diagnosed with GDM of which 40 were found to be deficient and allotted to group D (n = 40) and were supplemented with 60,000 units of vitamin D3 per month. Group B were given routine antenatal care and were screened for vitamin D deficiency when they were admitted for delivery, and 39 of them were found to have vitamin D deficiency and were studied as control group C (n = 39). Ten women in both the groups had normal levels of vitamin D, and one of them was excluded from the study as she had molar pregnancy. The vitamin D supplemented group D and the control group C were matched for age and parity at the baseline. There was a significant increase in the mean insulin and metformin requirements in both the supplemented and control groups. Vitamin D supplementation did not improve the glycaemic control in diabetic pregnant women. Vitamin D supplementation did not decrease insulin resistance or improve the glycaemic control in diabetic pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency.
Mutants that Blur the Line Between Biological Species & Vegetative Compatibility Groups

Biological species and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) are being used to distinguish biologically closely related groups of Fusarium isolates. Members of different biological species cannot cross sexually and will not form vegetative heterokaryons, even though they may be sympatric in their geographic distribution. Members of different VCGs belong to the same biological species and may cross sexually, but will not form vegetative heterokaryons. We have identified mutants that can form heterokaryons across the VCG boundary (prm) and that can form heterokaryons across both the biological species and VCG barriers (spc). These phenotypes can be conferred by single mutations at any of at least nine unlinked loci. None of the mutations isolated thus far have altered mating type. These mutants should provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying species and vegetative compatibility differences.
Validation of an MR-guided online adaptive radiotherapy (MRgoART) program: Deformation accuracy in a heterogeneous, deformable, anthropomorphic phantom.

Abstract Background and purpose To investigate deformable image registration (DIR) and multi-fractional dose accumulation accuracy of a clinical MR-guided online adaptive radiotherapy (MRgoART) program, utilizing clinically-based magnitudes of abdominal deformation vector fields (DVFs). Materials and methods A heterogeneous anthropomorphic multi-modality abdominal deformable phantom was comprised of MR and CT anatomically-relevant materials. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were affixed within regions of interest (ROIs). CT and MR simulation scans were acquired. CT was deformed to MR for dose calculations. MRgoART was executed on a MR-linac (MRIdian) for 5 Gy/5 fractions. Before each fraction, a deformation was applied. Ground truth was known for ROI volume, TLD position, and TLD dose measured by an accredited dosimetry calibration laboratory. To validate the range of applied deformations, phantom DVFs were compared to DVFs of clinical abdominal MRgoART fractions. MR-MR deformation accuracy was quantified through dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance (HD), mean distance-to-agreement (MDA), and as mean-absolute-error (MAE) for CT-MR-MR deformation. Arithmetic-summation of calculated dose at respective TLD positions and deform-accumulated dose (MIM) was compared to TLD measured dose, respectively. MR-MR deformation statistics were quantified for MRIdian and MIM. Results Mean phantom DVFs were 5.0 ± 2.9 mm compared to mean DVF of clinical abdominal patients at 5.2 ± 3.0 mm. Respective mean DSC, HD, MDA was 0.93 ± 0.03, 0.74 ± 0.80 cm, 0.08 ± 0.03 cm for MRIdian and 0.93 ± 0.03, 0.54 ± 0.27 cm, 0.08 ± 0.03 cm for MIM (N = 80 ROIs). Mean MAE was 20.5 HU. Respective mean and median dose differences were 0.3%, −0.3% for arithmetic-summation and 4.1%, 0.6% for deformed-accumulation. Maximum differences were 0.21 Gy (arithmetic-summation), 0.31 Gy (deformed-accumulation). Conclusions MRgoART deformation and dosimetric accuracy has been benchmarked for mean fractional DVFs of 5 mm in a multiple-rigid-body deformable phantom. Deformation accuracy was within TG132 criteria and clinically acceptable end-to-end MRgoART dosimetric agreement was observed for this phantom. Further efforts are needed in validation of deform-accumulated dose.
Acoustic-Wave-Induced Ferromagnetic-Resonance-Assisted Spin-Torque Switching of Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Anisotropy Variation

We investigate surface-acoustic-wave- (SAW) induced ferromagnetic-resonance- (FMR) assisted spin-transfer-torque (STT) switching of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (PMTJs) with inhomogeneities using micromagnetic simulations that include the effect of thermal noise. With suitable frequency excitation, the SAW can induce ferromagnetic resonance in magnetostrictive materials, and the magnetization can precess in a cone with high deflection from the perpendicular direction. With incorporation of inhomogeneity via lateral anisotropy variation as well as room-temperature thermal noise, the magnetization precession in different gains can be significantly incoherent. Interestingly, the precession in different grains are found to be in phase, even though the precession amplitude (angle of deflection from the perpendicular direction) varies across grains of different anisotropy. Nevertheless, the high mean deflection angle due to acoustically induced FMR can complement the STT switching by reducing the STT current significantly; even though the applied stress induced change in anisotropy is much lower than the total anisotropy barrier. This work indicates that SAW-induced FMR-assisted switching can improve energy efficiency while being scalable to very small dimensions, which is technologically important for STT random-access memory and elucidates the physical mechanism for the potential robustness of this paradigm in realistic scenarios with thermal noise and material inhomogeneity.
Explaining Ukrainian autocephaly: politics, history, ecclesiology, and the future

The historic decision of the Ecumenical Patriarchate to grant autocephaly to the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) in 2018–19 dominated the news and heightened tensions between the world’s Orthodox ...
Transient hyperphosphatasemia following pediatric liver transplantation in a patient with hepatic and skeletal abnormalities.

Abstract Background We report a unique case of transient hyperphosphatasemia in a pediatric patient with a history of hepatic and skeletal abnormalities. Patient and Methods A 2-month old male was diagnosed with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type-2 and osteoporosis after marked increases in liver function tests were noted at 1 month of age. He underwent a second liver transplantation at 1 y. The increased liver function test trend resolved a few weeks post-transplantation. Four months after successful liver transplantation, unexplained significant increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were observed, and they persisted for almost 9 months. Among the etiologies under consideration for the isolated increased ALP activity were viral infections and macro-ALP. Results A persistent trend in abnormally increased ALP for 9 months was investigated leading to a confirmed diagnosis of transient hyperphosphatasemia (TH). Conclusion Pediatric post-liver transplant patients with skeletal and hepatic abnormalities including isolated markedly increased ALP activities represent a previously undescribed TH patient population. The 4.3% prevalence of TH in pediatric liver transplant recipients within our healthcare system is considerably higher than the previously reported prevalence of 2.1% for patients within the United States.
Chemoproteomic-enabled characterization of small GTPase Rab1a as a target of an N-arylbenzimidazole ligand's rescue of Parkinson's-associated cell toxicity

The development of phenotypic models of Parkinson's disease (PD) has enabled screening and identification of phenotypically active small molecules that restore complex biological pathways affected by PD toxicity. While these phenotypic screening platforms are powerful, they do not inherently enable direct identification of the cellular targets of promising lead compounds. To overcome this, chemoproteomic platforms like Thermal Proteome Profiling (TPP) and Stability of Proteins from Rates of Oxidation (SPROX) can be implemented to reveal protein targets of biologically active small molecules. Here we utilize both of these chemoproteomic strategies to identify targets of an N-arylbenzimidazole compound, NAB2, which was previously identified for its ability to restore viability in cellular models of PD-associated α-synuclein toxicity. The combined results from our TPP and SPROX analyses of NAB2 and the proteins in a neuroblastoma-derived SHSY5Y cell lysate reveal a previously unrecognized protein target of NAB2. This newly recognized target, Rab1a, is a small GTPase that acts as a molecular switch to regulate ER-to-Golgi trafficking, a process that is disrupted by α-synuclein toxicity and restored by NAB2 treatment. Further validation reveals that NAB2 binds to Rab1a with selectivity for its GDP-bound form and that NAB2 treatment phenocopies Rab1a overexpression in alleviation of α-synuclein toxicity. Finally, we conduct a preliminary investigation into the relationship between Rab1a and the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Nedd4, a previously identified NAB2 target. Together, these efforts expand our understanding of the mechanism of NAB2 in the alleviation of α-synuclein toxicity and reinforce the utility of chemoproteomic identification of the targets of phenotypically active small molecules that regulate complex biological pathways.
Getting Down to Brass Tax: Why Courts Should Use Equitable Tolling to Help Taxpayer-Petitioners Impacted by COVID-19 (preprint)

The COVID-19 pandemic caused some of the sharpest rises in American unemployment and poverty seen in a generation. This left people with less money in their pockets, but also less time and access to resources to diligently pursue their legal rights and remedies. Congress responded by providing some financial aid via stimulus packages. But without accompanying procedural relief from various filing deadlines, many will face financial liabilities to the government they otherwise might not, particularly in the tax context. This Comment advocates for greater flexibility when taxpayer-petitioners miss filing deadlines due to COVID-19-related hardships. I argue that when time limits in the tax context can properly be considered non-jurisdictional claims-processing rules, courts can rely on precedent from other bodies of law to expand the use of equitable tolling, limited by a modified financial disability standard.
Sexual Role Identity and Anal Sex Positioning among Brazilian, Colombian, and Dominican Immigrant Sexual Minority Men

Sexual role identities for anal sex and anal sex positionings are often conflated in research. This study aimed to identify profiles of sexual minority men based on sexual role identity and anal se...
Mechanism-Based Approach to Reagent Selection for Oxidative Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Cleavage Reactions

Numerous hydride-abstracting agents generate the same cationic intermediate, but substrate features such as intermediate cation stability, oxidation potential, and steric environment can influence reaction rates in an oxidant-dependent manner. This manuscript provides experimental data to illustrate the role that structural features play in the kinetics of hydride abstraction reactions with commonly used quinone-, oxoammonium ion-, and carbocation- based oxidants. Computational studies of the transition state structures and energies explain these results and energy decomposition analysis calculations reveal unique sensitivities to electrostatic attraction and steric repulsions. Rigorous rate studies of select reactions validated the capacity of the calculations to predict reactivity trends. Additionally, kinetics studies demonstrate the potential for product inhibition in DDQ-mediated reactions. These studies provide a clear guide to select the optimal oxidant for structurally disparate substrates and lead to predictions of reactivity that were validated experimentally.
14 – Polymeric membranes for the purification of hydrogen

This chapter focuses on membrane technology for hydrogen separation/recovery and discusses the possibility of implementing a process-intensification strategy in refineries and other industrial cycles. Polymeric membrane types and their transport properties, as well as potential and actual industrial applications will be presented. Current research trends and recent progress in this field will also be addressed.
Turbulence Closure Models for Computational Fluid Dynamics

The formulation of analytical turbulence closure models for use in computational fluid mechanics is described. The subject of this chapter is the types of models that are used to predict the statistically averaged flow field – commonly known as Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) modeling. A variety of models is reviewed: these include two-equation, eddy viscosity transport, and second moment closures. How they are formulated is not a main theme; it enters the discussion but the models are presented largely at an operational level. Several issues related to numerical implementation are discussed. Relative merits of the various formulations are commented on. Keywords: turbulence modeling; RANS; k-epsilon model; Reynolds stress transport; second moment closure; turbulence prediction methods
Organizational Errors: Catastrophic

This article discusses a relative newcomer to the social and behavioral sciences, the study of organizations in which errors can have catastrophic consequences. As we design ever more complex and technologically advanced organizations we create more opportunities for catastrophic error. The piece discusses precursors to present day social science research beginning with the sociological examination of the devastation of most of Halifax, Nova Scotia by an explosion in 1917. According to psychologist, Barry Turner, until 1978, the only interest in disasters was in responses to them. Today interest has broadened to include precursors, preventive strategies and mitigation.
Renormalizing Experiments for Nonlinear Functionals

Let f = f(t), t ∈ R d be an unknown “object” (real-valued function), and suppose we are interested in recovering the nonlinear functional T(f). We know a priori that f ∈F, a certain convex class of functions (e.g. a class of smooth functions). For various types of measurements Yn=(yl, y2,…, yn), problems of this form arise in statistical settings, such as nonparametric density estimation and nonparametric regression estimation; but they also arise in signal recovery and image processing. In such problems, there generally exists an “optimal rate of convergence”: the minimax risk from n observations, \( R\left( n \right) = \mathop{{\inf }}\limits_{{\hat{T}}} \mathop{{\sup }}\limits_{{f \in F}} E{{\left( {\hat{T}\left( {{{Y}_{n}}} \right) - T\left( f \right)} \right)}^{2}}\) tends to zero as. \( R\left( n \right) \asymp {{n}^{{ - r}}}\) There is ariety of functionals T, function classes.F, and types of observation Yn; the literature is really too extensive to list here, although we mention Ibragimov & Has’minskii (1981), Sacks & Ylvisaker (1981), and Stone (1980). Lucien Le Cam (1973) has contributed directly to this literature, in his typical abstract and profound way; his ideas have stimulated the work of others in the field, e.g. Donoho & Liu (1991a).
Open Domain Question Answering via Semantic Enrichment

Most recent question answering (QA) systems query large-scale knowledge bases (KBs) to answer a question, after parsing and transforming natural language questions to KBs-executable forms (e.g., logical forms). As a well-known fact, KBs are far from complete, so that information required to answer questions may not always exist in KBs. In this paper, we develop a new QA system that mines answers directly from the Web, and meanwhile employs KBs as a significant auxiliary to further boost the QA performance. Specifically, to the best of our knowledge, we make the first attempt to link answer candidates to entities in Freebase, during answer candidate generation. Several remarkable advantages follow: (1) Redundancy among answer candidates is automatically reduced. (2) The types of an answer candidate can be effortlessly determined by those of its corresponding entity in Freebase. (3) Capitalizing on the rich information about entities in Freebase, we can develop semantic features for each answer candidate after linking them to Freebase. Particularly, we construct answer-type related features with two novel probabilistic models, which directly evaluate the appropriateness of an answer candidate's types under a given question. Overall, such semantic features turn out to play significant roles in determining the true answers from the large answer candidate pool. The experimental results show that across two testing datasets, our QA system achieves an 18%~54% improvement under F_1 metric, compared with various existing QA systems.
Self-Organization in Neural Networks-Applications in Structural Optimization

The present paper discusses the applicability of ART (Adaptive Resonance Theory) networks, and the Hop field and Elastic networks, in problems of structural analysis and design. A characteristic of these network architectures is the ability to classify patterns presented as inputs into specific categories. The categories may themselves represent distinct procedural solution strategies. The paper shows how this property can be adapted in the structural analysis and design problem. A second application is the use of Hopfield and Elastic networks in optimization problems. Of particular interest are problems characterized by the presence of discrete and integer design variables. The parallel computing architecture that is typical of neural networks is shown to be effective in such problems. Results of preliminary implementations in structural design problems are also included in the paper.
Losing our bearings: the science policy crisis in post-Cold War Eastern Europe, former Soviet Union and USA

The Cold War provided a common framework for science policies in the East and West, albeit they were at odds. Post-Cold War there is a move in both the USA and the countries of Eastern Europe away from military spending and towards civilian R&D. In the USA some start-ups were founded by military research agencies while others were sponsored by private investors and a venture capital industry. The demise of a command economy has opened up space in the East for start-ups to emerge from the research institutes and existing firms but intermediary mechanisms and venture capital sources are still weak or non-existent The relationship between science and society has to change in the light of the new relationship between East and West Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Nerve Growth Factor Gene Therapy: Activation of Neuronal Responses in Alzheimer Disease

Importance Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and lacks effective disease-modifying therapies. In 2001, we initiated a clinical trial of nerve growth factor (NGF) gene therapy in AD, the first effort at gene delivery in an adult neurodegenerative disorder. This program aimed to determine whether a nervous system growth factor prevents or reduces cholinergic neuronal degeneration in patients with AD. We present postmortem findings in 10 patients with survival times ranging from 1 to 10 years after treatment. Objective To determine whether degenerating neurons in AD retain an ability to respond to a nervous system growth factor delivered after disease onset. Design, Setting, and Participants Patients in this anatomicopathological study were enrolled in clinical trials from March 2001 to October 2012 at the University of California, San Diego, Medical Center in La Jolla. Ten patients with early AD underwent NGF gene therapy using ex vivo or in vivo gene transfer. The brains of all 8 patients in the first phase 1 ex vivo trial and of 2 patients in a subsequent phase 1 in vivo trial were examined. Main Outcomes and Measures Brains were immunolabeled to evaluate in vivo gene expression, cholinergic neuronal responses to NGF, and activation of NGF-related cell signaling. In 2 patients, NGF protein levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Among 10 patients, degenerating neurons in the AD brain responded to NGF. All patients exhibited a trophic response to NGF in the form of axonal sprouting toward the NGF source. Comparing treated and nontreated sides of the brain in 3 patients who underwent unilateral gene transfer, cholinergic neuronal hypertrophy occurred on the NGF-treated side ( P Conclusions and Relevance These findings indicate that neurons of the degenerating brain retain the ability to respond to growth factors with axonal sprouting, cell hypertrophy, and activation of functional markers. Sprouting induced by NGF persists for 10 years after gene transfer. Growth factor therapy appears safe over extended periods and merits continued testing as a means of treating neurodegenerative disorders.