cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Establishment and characterization of ethidium bromide resistance in simian virus 40-transformed hamster cells. Effects on mitochondria in vivo.

This study describes the isolation and subsequent characterization of four mammalian cell lines resistant to ethidium bromide (EB). Treatment of the simian virus 40- (SV40) transformed hamster cell line F5-1 first led to the establishment of the F2 cell line, which is resistant to 2 µg EB/ml. At this concentration cytochromes c and b are present in almost normal or only slightly diminished amounts, whereas cytochromes a + a 3 show an obvious decrease. The mitochondria of the F2 cell show a normal ultrastructure, not distinct from the parental cell line F5-1, and contain closed circular DNA. The sensitive parental F5-1 cells, however, when exposed to the same dye concentration exhibit the typical EB-induced ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria, and no more component I mitochondrial DNA can be demonstrated. 1 yr after establishment we derived from the F2 cell three more cell lines, resistant against 4, 8, and 16 µg of EB/ml. These cell lines, termed F4, F8, and F16, respectively, also revealed relatively intact-appearing mitochondria, although distinguishable from F5-1 and F2 mitochondria by a more condensed or unorthodox cristae conformation. F4, F8, and F16 cell lines contained closed circular mitochondrial DNA in the same position as that of the parental F5-1 cells, when analyzed in an isopycnic CsCl-EB gradient. A small shoulder at the lower density side of the DNA I peaks was observed. The newly acquired drug resistance of the F cells is hereditarily transmitted to the progeny cells and retained even after a period of growth in EB-free medium.
Event-driven approach of layered multicast to network adaptation in RED-based IP networks

In this work, we investigate the congestion control problem for layered video multicast in IP networks of active queue management (AQM) using a simple random early detection (RED) queue model. AQM support from networks improves the visual quality of video streaming but makes network adaptation more difficult for existing layered video multicast proticols that use the event-driven timer-based approach. We perform a simplified analysis on the response of the RED algorithm to burst traffic. The analysis shows that the primary problem lies in the weak correlation between the network feedback and the actual network congestion status when the RED queue is driven by burst traffic. Finally, a design guideline of the layered multicast protocol is proposed to overcome this problem.
Respiratory release of CO2 in alfalfa and soybean under field conditions

Abstract Respiration rates under field conditions in the above-ground portions of alfalfa and soybean crops (dark respiration) as well as root and soil respiration rates were measured at night using an open-flow system. Alfalfa was observed in 1978 and soybeans during 1979 and 1980. Full-crop respiration rates (above-ground, root and soil) of alfalfa ranged from 278 to 855 mg CO2 m−2 h−1, with an overall average of 531 mg CO2 m−2 h−1. Full-crop respiration rates of soybeans ranged from 207 to 984 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 in 1979 and 303 to 998 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 in 1980. In the period of flowering and pod set, the overall average full-crop soybean respiration rate was 524 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 in 1979 and 627 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 in 1980. In alfalfa, soil plus roots contributed about 63% of the total CO2 release. Respiration of aerial parts was between 87 and 93% of the total plant respiration of soybeans (depending on year) with soil plus roots contributing the remainder.
Fuzzy logic and optimization models for implementing QFD

Abstract In design and quality improvement, the engineering characteristics that affect product performance are identified and improved to maximize customer satisfaction. This is usually done empirically in conventional implementation of quality function deployment. The limited resource and increased market competition and product complexity require more accurate and optimal solutions. A new approach is proposed to address the difficulties due to the uncertainty of data and lack of quantitative tools. It prioritizes engineering characteristics through a fuzzy ranking procedure and optimizes the improvements using a mixed integer program. Numerical experiments are designed to verify the models and investigate computational efficiency.
Analysis by cDNA microarrays of altered gene expression in middle ears of rats following pneumococcal infection.

Abstract Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen in otitis media. Infection of the middle ear with S. pneumoniae potentiates development of thick effusion in the middle ear which frequently causes hearing loss and communication disorders in children. What has changed immediately in the middle ear cleft following pneumococcal infection is extensively studied and characterized but what has changed ever after remains elusive. The purpose of this study is to explore the cellular and molecular basis that remains on a longer time after acute pneucmococcal middle ear infection and potentiates development of thick effusion in the middle ear. Methods: 12 rats were intrabullarly inoculated with pneumococcus at 2.5×10 6 CFU/ear and profiles of gene expression in the middle ear were examined by cDNA microarrays in combination with reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR) 6 weeks after infection while the morphologic changes in middle ear were simultaneously characterized by histopathologic techniques. Twelve rats receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) served as controls. Results: it demonstrated that pneumococcus infected ears had the expression of the following genes at a high level compared to the controls: mitogenic signaling proteins (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MEK1 and MEK2], helix–loop–helix transcriptional regulators (Id3 and Id1), ion channels (sodium channel beta 1 and sodium channel 2), and mucin glycoproteins ( Muc2 and Muc5 ). The morphology demonstrated a thickened mucosa and submucosa with increased expression of macroglycoconjugates compared to the controls. Conclusion: the expression of several genes remains high even after the acute episode of pneumococcal otitis media has been resolved. The up-regulated expression of these genes may serve as the basis for the development of thick effusion and mucous cell metaplasia/hyperplasia once it is complicated with other factors such as dysfunction of the Eustachian tube.
CAD of a low-temperature solar energy collector using interactive programming

Abstract This paper describes a pilot interactive computer program used by midshipmen in the early phases of design of a low-temperature solar energy collector. The model has been made as simple as possible without losing the fundamental relationships of thermodynamics, fluid dynamics and heat transfer theory. The subjects covered include solar radiation, flat plate collectors, application loads and economics. Design parameters are location, time duration, absorptivity, reflectivity, tilt angle, number of cover glasses, collector temperature, air temperature, insulation condition, etc. The program provides enough information to allow users to evaluate and design their own solar thermal processes.
An Efficient Short Characteristic Solution for the Transfer Equation in Axisymmetric Geometries Using a Spherical Coordinate System

We present a new formulation of the short characteristic method for solving the transfer equation in axially symmetric systems. The radiation field is solved for on a grid in r and the spherical polar angle β, with radiation coordinates chosen to take into account the spherical nature of the underlying source. Such a coordinate system is advantageous because it takes into account the inherent discontinuities and symmetries due to the forward-peaking nature of the radiation field. An important consequence of this is that the determination of the boundary condition for the intensity along a short characteristic does not involve an interpolation across a discontinuity. A parabolic approximation for the source function provides the best combination of accuracy, stability, and speed. Systematic errors introduced by using a weighted trapezoidal rule for quadrature in the radiation coordinate μ were overcome by using a monotonic cubic polynomial to approximate integrands. The code has been successfully used to solve the polarized transfer equation and employs both an approximate operator iteration and Ng acceleration to improve convergence. Comparison with an accurate long characteristic code shows that a tremendous saving in computation time can be realized with a minimal loss of accuracy.
Power function decay of hydraulic conductivity for a TOPMODEL-based infiltration routine

TOPMODEL rainfall-runoff hydrologic concepts are based on soil saturation processes, where soil controls on hydrograph recession have been represented by linear, exponential, and power function decay with soil depth. Although these decay formulations have been incorporated into baseflow decay and topographic index computations, only the linear and exponential forms have been incorporated into infiltration subroutines. This study develops a power function formulation of the Green and Ampt infiltration equation for the case where the power n D 1 and 2. This new function was created to represent field measurements in the New York City, USA, Ward Pound Ridge drinking water supply area, and provide support for similar sites reported by other researchers. Derivation of the power-function-based Green and Ampt model begins with the Green and Ampt formulation used by Beven in deriving an exponential decay model. Differences between the linear, exponential, and power function infiltration scenarios are sensitive to the relative difference between rainfall rates and hydraulic conductivity. Using a low-frequency 30 min design storm with 4Ð 8c m h � 1 rain, the n D 2 power function formulation allows for a faster decay of infiltration and more rapid generation of runoff. Infiltration excess runoff is rare in most forested watersheds, and advantages of the power function infiltration routine may primarily include replication of field-observed processes in urbanized areas and numerical consistency with power function decay of baseflow and topographic index distributions. Equation development is presented within a TOPMODEL-based Ward Pound Ridge rainfall-runoff simulation. Copyright  2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality Assessment in DSM--5: Empirical support for rating Severity, Style, and Traits

Despite a general consensus that dimensional models are superior to the categorical representations of personality disorders in DSM-IV, proposals for how to depict personality pathology dimensions vary substantially. One important question involves how to separate clinical severity from the style of expression through which personality pathology manifests. This study empirically distinguished stylistic elements of personality pathology symptoms from the overall severity of personality disorder in a large, longitudinally assessed clinical sample (N = 605). Data suggest that generalized severity is the most important single predictor of current and prospective dysfunction, but that stylistic elements also indicate specific areas of difficulty. Normative personality traits tend to relate to the general propensity for personality pathology, but not stylistic elements of personality disorders. Overall, findings support a three-stage diagnostic strategy involving a global rating of personality disorder severity, ratings of parsimonious and discriminant valid stylistic elements of personality disorder, and ratings of normative personality traits.
Diverse Partial Memory Replication

An important approach for software dependability is the use of diversity to detect and/or tolerate errors. We develop and evaluate an approach for automated program diversity called Diverse Partial Memory Replication (DPMR), aimed at detecting memory safety errors. DPMR is an automatic compiler transformation that replicates some subset of an executable's data memory and applies one or more diversity transformations to the replica. DPMR can detect any kind of memory safety errors in any part of a program's data memory. Moreover, DPMR is novel because it uses partial replication within a single address space, replicating (and comparing) only a subset of a program's memory. We also perform a detailed study of the diversity mechanisms and state comparison policies in DPMR (a first of its kind for such diversity approaches), which is valuable for exploiting the high flexibility of DPMR.
Thermopower enhancement and optimal ZT in p-n junction arrays

Thermoelectric effects in different types of p-n junction systems are considered theoretically, and the thermoelectric power S is calculated in a rigorous approximation. S for a single p-n junction is found to be rather large, due to the thermal factor E/sub g//kT (E/sub g/ being the band gap). This factor naturally appears in the expression for S for an asymmetric junction, and cancels from S for a symmetric junction. The thermopower of individual p-n junctions (S/sub n/) add for an array of in-series junctions (-p-n-p-n-p-...), and this result may be used for the enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient in opal-type 3-D superlattices. The figure of merit ZT of the p-n junction system is shown to have an upper bound of 1.
Toluene Toxicity as a Cause of Elevated Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

Dyspnea and elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis are common presenting problems in critically ill patients. In certain cases, however, the standard workup for these problems does not reveal an etiology, and other diagnoses must be considered. We describe a woman who presented with dyspnea and severe acidemia due to a profound metabolic acidosis, who was subsequently found to have toluene toxicity secondary to inhalant abuse. This case demonstrates that when the initial workup for an elevated serum anion gap acidosis is unrevealing, alternative etiologies such as inhalant abuse should be suspected and evaluated.
An h-Adaptive Finite Element Model for Environmental Transport Prediction

The development and implementation of an h-adaptive algorithm with a general finite element solver has been achieved for predicting species transport and dispersion within complex problem geometries. Coupling h-adaptation with a Petrov-Galerkin finite element algorithm produces very accurate solutions while minimizing computer time and storage demands. The finite element method, when coupled with h-adaptation, is well suited for calculating atmospheric and groundwater transport. Future research efforts will include the use of Delaunay triangulation (with the ability to produce hexahedrals), and h-p adaptation.
The Old Spanish Days Fiesta in Santa Barbara, California: Cultural Hybridity, Colonial Mythologies and the Romanticization of a Latino Heritage

Old Spanish Days Fiesta is a tradition that was invented in 1924 by civic leaders in Santa Barbara, California to celebrate the periods of the Spanish settlement and the Mexican rule of California and to promote local tourism. This article will trace the historical narrative of the complex cultural and ethnic composition of Santa Barbara before interrogating the colonial and post-colonial histories of the Californian past that are so often romanticized during the events of the Santa Barbara Fiesta. Subsequent to the American appropriation of California, Anglo-American ideas of race and identity were imposed upon Latino Californians. This development led many Spanish-speaking Californians to cultivate a Spanish identity and de-emphasize their Mexican, Native American, or African ancestry as they attempted to maintain their land grants and social prominence under American rule. Official versions of Santa Barbara’s past promoted by Santa Barbara’s civic leaders and Old Spanish Days Fiesta literature tend to privilege romanticized historical interpretations that submerge and absorb California’s hybrid ethnic and cultural histories into an idealized Spanish colonial narrative. This article explores how many individual Santa Barbara Fiesteros choose to engage, negotiate, and/or subvert this simplified official civic narrative of Santa Barbara’s Spanish past through their own personal performances during the Fiesta. An analysis of how local festival participants envision their performance in the context of the festival allows outsiders to have a glimpse into how they create and embody their own personal and nuanced understandings of history during the Fiesta.
Ultrasound-guided Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Athletic Pubalgia: A Series of 12 Cases

Surgical treatment for athletic pubalgia is the standard of care, however, it poses risks. This study investigated the use of ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections as an alternative treatment. Twelve consecutive patients underwent injections into the area of degeneration in the rectus abdominis and/or adductor longus aponeurosis. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) scores were used to evaluate treatment effectiveness. The average WOMAC score was 90.9. With a mean follow up of 8.7 months (range, 6–19 months), eight of the 12 patients reported complete symptom resolution. In conclusion, corticosteroid injections alleviate pain in patients with athletic pubalgia and provide an alternative to surgery.
Peas can replace soybean meal and corn grain in dairy cow diets

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of a partial substitution of soybean meal and corn grain with field peas in dairy cow diets on intake, milk yield and composition, nutrient digestibility, and urinary and fecal N losses. Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows were blocked into 2 groups based on parity, days in milk, and milk yield at the end of a 2-wk covariate period. Cows within group were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: control and pea diets. Approximately 45% of the corn grain and 78% of the soybean meal in the control diet were replaced with 15% (dry matter basis) field peas in the experimental diet. The peas used in the trial contained 25% crude protein and an estimated 1.98 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg. The experiment continued for 70 d. Dry matter intake (25.9 and 26.3 kg/d; control and pea diets, respectively), milk yield (35.4 and 35.6 kg/d), 4% fat-corrected milk yield (33.0 and 34.6 kg/d), milk fat (3.54 and 3.76%) and protein (3.00 and 2.99%) content and yields, and milk N efficiency (26 and 24%) were not affected by diet. Concentration of milk urea nitrogen was also not affected by treatment (14.3 and 15.0 mg/dL, respectively). Intake of organic matter and N were not affected by diet, but intake of neutral detergent fiber was lower and that of starch greater with the control diet. Total tract apparent digestibility of starch was lower (92.1 vs. 88.3%, respectively) and that of dry matter and organic matter tended to be lower with the pea compared with the control diet. Urinary and fecal N losses were not different between the 2 diets. Panel evaluation of milk from the 2 diets indicated no differences in the organoleptic characteristics of milk. This experiment demonstrated that field peas could be safely fed to high-producing dairy cows at a 15% inclusion rate, replacing soybean meal and corn grain. At this inclusion rate, no effects on milk yield or milk composition were observed.
Detection of involuntary human hand motions using Empirical Mode Decomposition and Hilbert-Huang Transform

Involuntary human hand motions, or tremors, are normally regarded as a non-stationary process. Traditional analysis methods approximate tremor signals as stationary processes. In this paper, we present a novel tremor detection method using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT). The results are expected to be helpful for real-time tremor suppression.
MR characteristics of low-flow facial vascular malformations in children and young adults

The purpose of this report is to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of low-flow vascular malformations of the face. We studied six patients ranging in age from 1 month to 20 years old, with surgically proven or clinically certain low-flow vascular malformations of the face. T1-weighted MR images of five lesions showed homogeneous intermediate to low signal intensity, similar to the signal intensity of muscle. T1-weighted images of one lesion showed mild high signal intensity and image of another demonstrated fatty infiltration. After contrast administration, images of four lesions showed moderate to marked enhancement, three diffused and one patchy. On T2-weighted sequences, five lesions were heterogeneously of high signal and one of low signal intensity. Three lesions exhibited low-signal septa, and two revealed low-signal vascular flow voids on both types of sequences. Satellite nodules were present in three instances. Low-flow vascular malformations involving the face in children and young adults have a heterogeneous and nonspecific appearance on MR images. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all facial masses presenting in children and young adults. Enhancement with contrast material is essential to localize the mass.
Coping among individuals with multiple sclerosis: Evaluating a goodness-of-fit model.

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic illness involving both controllable and uncontrollable stressors. The goodness-of-fit hypothesis posits that managing stressors effectively requires the use of different coping approaches in the face of controllable and uncontrollable stressors. To test the applicability of the goodness-of-fit model in a sample of adults with MS, we evaluated the ratio of 2 types of coping (an active problem-solving approach and an emotion-based meaning-focused approach) as a moderator of the relations between stress uncontrollability and mental health outcomes. Methods Participants were veterans with MS (N = 90) receiving medical services through the Veterans Health Administration who completed telephone-based interviews. Regression analyses tested the interaction of stress uncontrollability and the problem- and meaning-focused coping ratio on anxious and depressive symptoms. Significant interactions were probed at 1 SD above the mean of coping (use of predominantly problem-focused coping) and 1 SD below the mean of coping (use of predominantly meaning-focused coping). Results Findings largely supported the goodness-of-fit hypothesis. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were elevated when participants used more problem-focused strategies relative to meaning-focused strategies in the face of perceived uncontrollable stress. Conversely, symptoms of anxiety and depression were lower when uncontrollable stress was met with predominantly meaning-focused coping; however, the relations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions The impact of uncontrollable stressors on mental health outcomes for individuals with MS may vary depending on the degree to which problem-focused versus meaning-focused coping strategies are employed, lending support to the goodness-of-fit model.
DFMA of a military test set: a case study

A Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) study was conducted on the TOW missile launcher test set in response to the challenges of today's reduced defense budgets and continual measurable improvements (i.e., doing more for less). The primary goal of this study was to analyze alternative designs for the TOW test set in order to achieve the lowest possible manufacturing cost while meeting the customer's new expectations for a fully automated closed loop test capability, enhancing test accuracy, reliability and maintainability without adding additional costs. The result is the Digital TOW Missile Simulator (DTMS), an in-the-launch tube tester which simulates all TOW missile functions and can ascertain the combat readiness of the full spectrum of TOW missile systems, at a substantially lower cost than previous testers. >
Problems in synthetic-aperture radar imaging

The purpose of this review is to explain the basics of synthetic-aperture radar imaging to the Inverse Problems audience, and to list a variety of associated open problems. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ulcers, and histamine2 blockers. The ostrich phenomenon!

IN THIS issue of theArchives, Levine and collaborators 1 described the results of a trial using the histamine 2 blocker nizatidine as a prophylactic agent against nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)—induced ulceration of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Four hundred ninetysix predominantly white female patients with osteoarthritis were enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of nizatidine, 150 mg twice a day, vs placebo and followed up endoscopically on a monthly basis for 3 months. The end point of the study was development of an ulcer of either the stomach or the duodenum. Although neither ulcer occurrence nor symptoms were improved by therapy with nizatidine, the data indicated that, in a subgroup of patients with either a prior history of peptic ulcer disease or age greater than 65 years, ulceration occurred less frequently in those taking nizatidine. However, neither duodenal nor gastric ulcers, when evaluated independently, showed an effect by treatment
Growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation during mouse prostate development in situ, in renal grafts, and in vitro.

BACKGROUND In vitro organ culture and renal grafting of the urogenital sinus (UGS) have both been used as models of prostate development. However, neither has been rigorously examined for its fidelity to replicate the canonical process of prostate differentiation in situ. METHODS We assessed size, morphology, histology, and the mRNA expression of differentiation marker genes of the E14 male mouse UGS grown for 0–28 days as sub-renal capsule allografts in nude mice or in culture containing androgen and compared these to UGS development in situ. RESULTS Development of grafted tissues was morphologically and histologically similar to development in situ but differentiation occurred more rapidly. UGS growth in organ culture resulted in bud formation, but did not trigger cellular differentiation. However, the potential for differentiation was maintained and could be rescued by grafting tissues into nude mice. CONCLUSIONS In vitro organ culture and renal grafting of UGS tissues may be appropriate models for studying prostatic bud formation, but only grafting is an appropriate model for prostatic differentiation. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Volume microscopy of biological specimens based on non-confocal imaging techniques

The newly available confocal light microscopes produce series of aligned images that implicitly constitute volumes. This would directly provide scientists with the capability for volumetric study of the biological world at high spatial resolution - except that methods to effectively visualize volume data have been insufficiently rapid and flexible. We have developed software research tools to fill that need. In the process, we have found that excellent reconstructions could be made from serial sections acquired using a charge-coupled device and a conventional light microscope (modified after Inoue [1]). Brightfield images of high-contrast subjects (such as golgi-impregnated or horseradish peroxidase labeled cells) were reconstructed crisply, as were some fluorescently labeled cells. Volume microscopy now should be within reach of, and of use to, a wider range of scientists.
Design and Development of Novel Large Particle Inlet for PM Larger Than 10 μm (PM > 10 )

A novel Large Particle Inlet (LPI) for accurate sampling of particles larger than 10 μ m (PM > 10 ) over a wide range of wind velocities was designed and evaluated using computational fluid dynamics. The inlet samples air via a narrow circular slit into a funnel-shaped section that turns the sampled flow from a horizontal to vertical direction, facilitating effective post-sampling analysis. The elliptical funnel shape ensures that air drawn through the slit entrance enters omni-directionally and is transported to the vertical section with minimal recirculation. The omni-directional entrance provides a counter-flow effect that aids in turning large particles from the horizontal sample plane to the vertical exit port. The LPI efficiencies are dependent on inlet geometry, particle sizes, sample flowrate, and ambient wind speeds although they are independent of wind direction. At an average wind speed of 2 ms−1, a LPI with a one cm slit entrance width results in sampling efficiencies greater than 27% for part...
Climatology of Ocean Features in the Gulf of Mexico Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data

A climatology of various ocean features in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) was developed using the combination of satellite remote sensing and in situ data that spanned periods as long as 32 years. Twelve separate statistics were created, some of which described characteristics of the Loop Current, while others are involved with warm core rings that separate from the Loop Current and cold core rings. These statistics examined the frequency with which the Loop Current was found in the GOM, the orientation of the Loop Current, the frequency of intrusion of Loop Current water onto the west Florida shelf and into the GOM common water region, ring separation period from the Loop Current, ring dissipation, ring speed, ring path, frequency of ring water in the western GOM, and the frequency of warm and cold core rings (WCRs and CCRs, respectively) in the GOM. The results indicate that CCRs were principally responsible for mass and heat redistribution in the eastern GOM (EGOM) and WCRs are responsible for mass and heat redistribution in the western GOM (WGOM). The average period for WCR separation from the Loop Current was 11 months and the range from 5 to 19 months. WCRs moved through the WGOM most often using the central path (i.e., their trajectory was found between 24° and 26°N latitude) and they decreased to about 55% of their initial size when they reach the western wall of the GOM. CCRs were most often found in the EGOM, and their frequency of occurrence in the EGOM surpassed that of WCRs anywhere in the GOM.
Nixon's Legal Legacy: White House Papers and the Constitution

After President Richard M. Nixon resigned his office under threat of impeachment, Congress seized his White House papers for the continuing Watergate trials and investigations. With some justification, Nixon vigorously argued that the records were his private property, and thus began an extraordinary legal campaign to reclaim them. Nixon's protracted legal fight has not only caused the overturning of the historical tradition of private ownership of presidential records but has generated an important legacy of constitutional law concerning the presidential prerogatives of the separation of powers and executive privilege. Although Nixon lost his case for ownership before the Supreme Court, he has since managed to block the National Archives and Records Administration from releasing the majority of his White House records. Nixon's continuing and highly effective lawsuits against the National Archives raises the question of who really controls the White House materials of the Nixon presidency.
Multiple giant coronary artery aneurysms: a case report.

Abstract Background Coronary artery aneurysm is defined as a localized area of dilatation exceeding the diameter of the adjacent normal arterial segment by 50%. Giant aneurysms are those aneurysms that measure greater than 2 cm in diameter. There have been many pathologic diseases, including atherosclerosis, that have been implicated in the development of coronary artery aneurysms. Materials and methods We report a case of a 61-year-old African American male with multiple comorbidities including hypertension, congestive heart failure, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and bilateral iliac aneurysms, who was admitted to our hospital with exacerbation of congestive heart failure. Less than 2 weeks after admission, the patient suffered cardiac arrest while receiving dialysis and was unresponsive to resuscitative measures. Findings Autopsy was performed and revealed significant cardiomyopathy and giant coronary artery aneurysms involving the left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries. Both ventricles showed hypertrophy and dilation with multifocal areas of chronic myocardial scarring. Conclusions Coronary artery aneurysms and giant coronary artery aneurysms are an uncommon. As there are few reported cases in the literature, the cause, detection, and treatment of this disease are still largely unknown.
glmgraph: an R package for variable selection and predictive modeling of structured genomic data.

UNLABELLED One central theme of modern high-throughput genomic data analysis is to identify relevant genomic features as well as build up a predictive model based on selected features for various tasks such as personalized medicine. Correlating the large number of 'omics' features with a certain phenotype is particularly challenging due to small sample size (n) and high dimensionality (p). To address this small n, large p problem, various forms of sparse regression models have been proposed by exploiting the sparsity assumption. Among these, network-constrained sparse regression model is of particular interest due to its ability to utilize the prior graph/network structure in the omics data. Despite its potential usefulness for omics data analysis, no efficient R implementation is publicly available. Here we present an R software package 'glmgraph' that implements the graph-constrained regularization for both sparse linear regression and sparse logistic regression. We implement both the L1 penalty and minimax concave penalty for variable selection and Laplacian penalty for coefficient smoothing. Efficient coordinate descent algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. We demonstrate the use of the package by applying it to a human microbiome dataset, where phylogeny structure among bacterial taxa is available. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION 'glmgraph' is implemented in R and C++ Armadillo and publicly available under CRAN.
Improved 5.9GHz V2V Short Range Path Loss Model

Modeling large-scale fading effects in Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications (V2V) in the 5.9GHz Dedicated Short Range Communication band has received broad coverage in the literature over the last 15 years. The majority of V2V channel measurement campaigns have focused on describing the expected path loss of the V2V channel through empirical models. The path loss is a channel metric which describes how fast the received signal strength decays with distance. It is well known that the path loss exponent and reference path loss (y-intercept) varies for different environments, but it is not well understood how the channel changes in a given environment relative to lane separation or vehicle orientation. This paper presents an improved path loss model for line-of-sight (LOS) V2V communications at distances less than 100m. The path loss model removes the Gaussian random variable component, typically used to model shadowing in classic power law path loss model, and instead makes the y-intercept and path loss exponent Gaussian random variables. Derived from extensive empirical measurement campaigns in which vehicle orientation, approach direction, and lane separation are considered, the new channel model is compared to experimental data in which the vehicles move at different speeds. The improved path loss model performs a better fit to experimental data than existing path loss models, including two-ray ground reflection, dual-slope piecewise linear, and classic power law.
Is Firefighting Mandatory? Evaluating the Political Economy of Mandatory and Discretionary Programs

This paper asks, what leads to one budgetary structure or the other? Governments programs are designed as either requiring annual appropriations or as entitlements, in which annual program spending does not require new Congressional action. There are tradeoffs to using either of these approaches. The use of entitlement budget structure may better allow a program to achieve its goals. For example, programs like unemployment compensation whose precise resource needs cannot be precisely determined in advance benefit from the entitlement program structure. On the other hand, incentives generated by Congressional program oversight incorporated in the annual appropriations process will be reduced. In addition, with entitlements, aggregate spending controls are impaired. To understand design choice, some authors have looked at case studies of entitlement programs. That approach, however, ignores those discretionary programs with similar programmatic needs as the studied entitlements. For example, a program like wildland firefighting has complex appropriations that cannot be predicted in advance, yet is funded through annual appropriations. This analysis will survey both entitlement and discretionary programs to understand the basis for budget design.
Using Small Whiteboards to Engage Students in Active Learning (Abstract Only)

It is well known that active learning strategies, like Peer Instruction and Cooperative Learning promote deep learning of material in the classroom. These techniques are typically accomplished by having students use cell phones or laptops. However, research has also shown that use by students of these technologies detract from learning. In this poster we examine our low-tech solution: the use of inexpensive, handheld whiteboards in our classrooms. We provide examples of activities which make use of the boards, in contexts ranging from introductory programming to upper-level networking.
Regulatory dysfunction of microvasculature and catecholamine metabolism in spinal cord injury.

Since 1917 when Head and Riddoch (4) first described autonomic hyperreflexia in spinal cord injury, its attending neurophysiological symptoms have been well documented by other investigators. It is well known that the triggering mechanism may well be any noxious stimuli but most often autonomic hyperreflexia is caused by hyperirritability of the bladder due to formation of stones of calcium salts or infection of the urinary bladder; the common denominator being distension of the vesicular wall leading to increased intracystic pressure. The major symptoms during the so-called hyperreflexia are: pallor of the skin below in contrast to a histamine-like flush above the level of the lesion, vasodilatation in the head and neck accompanied by engorging pulsating corotid arteries. Moreover, the peak of hyperreflexia coincides with the height of intracystic and brachial blood pressures, headache, and piloerection. Guttmann and Whitteridge (3) were the first to observe that the hypertensive crises could be produced only in those subjects with lesions above the sixth thoracic dermatome (T6). The purpose of this communication is to shed more light on the etiology of these hypertensive episodes which occur spontaneously in human subjects with high level spinal cord injury and which are frequently the cause of cerebrovascular accidents.
Effect of daily administration of 0.5 mg. of chlormadinone acetate on plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and progesterone during the menstrual cycle.

Investigators at Cornell University Medical College and New York Medical College in New York City studied the effects of chlormadinone acetate administration on hormone levels in an effort to better understand the contraceptive mode of action of this drug. 9 healthy women had 2 consecutive cycles studied. While the first cycle was a control cycle the second one involved chlormadinone acetate administration .5 mg/day from Day 1 to Day 28 or until the occurrence of spontaneous menstruation if this delayed until after Day 28. Basal body temperature was recorded each morning. Chlormadinone tended to suppress the mean luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone peaks and the plasma progesterone levels. 3 patients are believed to have ovulated during the experimental cycle but probably in 2 of them the luteal phase was less pronounced than a normal luteal phase. However 1 of the remaining 6 patients had failed to ovulate in the control cycle. Though limitations exist in the study of the parameters investigated here such study is necessary since direct evidence of ovulation (e.g. pregnancy observation of corpus luteum) is usually unobtainable.
Correspondence item: Stability result of a sixth order non linear system

Leighton and Skidmore have studied the stability of an isolated equilibrium or critical point for the systems associated with second, third, and fourth order non-linear differential equations. The author of this paper has extended the results to a sixth-order system.
A Model for Predicting the Production Yield of Integrated Circuits

In the production of integrated circuits (I.C.s), the ability to estimate the yield of working devices, or die, is economically important. This yield depends on the distribution of material and processing defects across the surface of the wafer of devices.
An experimental test of the effect of acute anxious arousal and anxiety sensitivity on negative reinforcement smoking

Introduction:Although anxiety sensitivity has been reliably associated with smoking-anxiety comorbidity, there has not been a test of whether this construct moderates the effect of acute anxious arousal on actual smoking behavior. The present study utilized an experimental design to test the moderating role of anxiety sensitivity on laboratory-induced anxious arousal in terms of smoking urges and topography (puff style).Method:Participants were adult daily smokers (n=90; Mage=43.6 SD =9.7); average 15.8 cigarettes per day). A between-subjects design was used; participants were randomly assigned to complete a biological challenge procedure consisting of either a single vital capacity inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide (CO2)-enriched air mixture or compressed room air. Smoking urges and smoking topography (puff behavior) were assessed before and after the challenge.Results:Results revealed a significant interaction between anxiety sensitivity and experimental condition (b=−9.96, p=0.014), such that high anxie...
Analyzing bacterial movements on surfaces

Bacteria have long been ideal model systems for studying many biological phenomena. But when it comes to motility, we are quite often just figuring out the mechanisms underlying their ability to move in liquid or on surfaces. In the last few decades, research has emphasized the importance for bacteria to be able to adhere to and move on surfaces in order to form complex bacterial communities called biofilms. To better understand the multiple chemical and biophysical mechanisms responsible for the initial interactions of bacteria on surfaces that develop into biofilms, we present here low-cost and easy-to-implement protocols to quantitatively analyze the movement of single bacteria on surfaces by microscopy. These protocols are presented in the case of the human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae that moves on surfaces solely powered by Type IV pili, motility referred to as twitching motility. These methods, however, are applicable for any motile bacteria interacting with surfaces. The precise quantification of motility coupled with genetic tools will enable us to precisely dissect the mechanisms and dynamics of bacterial surface motility which are still poorly understood.
Comparative studies of “state of the art” and presently used clinical cardiac pacemaker electrodes

Two commonly used clinical cardiac pacemaker leads were compared with two “state of the art” electrode systems. Energy requirements were determined by direct measurement of threshold current and voltage needs, including polarization losses, and the differences in electrode performance were explained by consideration of a multiplicity of previously studied design parameters. The differential current density lead is theoretically optimal and, in short-term studies, required the least threshold energy. However, the practical considerations of ease of placement and questionable long-term stability preclude its clinical use at present. The ball-tip electrode requires somewhat greater threshold energy than the differential current density electrode but very significantly less energy than any of the standard clinical leads in common use. Transvenous insertion is facilitated, and stability problems have not been encountered in a preliminary clinical test of over 1 year's duration. The high current density ball-tip lead is the logical choice for use with a new generation of low-stimulus energy pacemakers, whether nuclear, conventional, solid state, or rechargeable power sources are used.
A Diversification Strategy for Perennial Horticulture in Florida

Florida has a large and diverse horticulture industry, with large quantities of fruit and vegetables produced from November to February. Diversification strategies have come to the forefront in perennial horticulture sectors, such as citrus (Citrus sp.), where several diseases have reduced productivity and acreage. Many growers are considering diversification of their groves to other fruit crops, such as peach (Prunus persica). To understand the state of the industry and provide perspective for transitional Florida growers to mitigate risk, a survey was conducted in 2011. A total of 27 completed survey questionnaires were returned which represented 68% of 2011 Florida peach orchard owners and managers. On average, responding peach orchard size was 18 acres, ranging from 1 to 100 acres, with ‘TropicBeauty’, ‘UFSun’, ‘UFOne’, and ‘UFBeauty’ comprising the main varieties. Production and marketing challenges were key issues identified by growers as they sought to mitigate risk in an uncertain economic climate. Key sources of production information were university personnel, followed by fellow growers, indicating that stone fruit (Prunus sp.) extension programs are effective in information delivery. Tree production expertise combined with geographic proximity to concentrated market segments, access to established fresh fruit distribution routes, and existing relationships with retail market customers are expected to provide the Florida treeripened peach grower with unique marketing opportunities. Findings from this survey effort will be used by the project team to develop educational materials and outreach programs, designed to better address the production and marketing risks facing Florida peach growers. In addition, project results will provide new information for regional and national perennial crop producers who are interested in diversifying production practices to meet increased consumer demand for access to locally sourced horticultural products.
Computation of Owen's Q Function Applied to Process Capability Analysis

A computer program is presented for computing lower confidence limits for the process capability index Cpk. One of the methods implemented requires computation of the Q function introduced by D. B....
Using MURAL to Facilitate Un-Moderated Formative User Experience Research Activities

Un-moderated user research platforms such as Usertesting.com [1] or UserZoom [2] are gaining popularity with user experience research practitioners for several reasons. It is more efficient from a logistics standpoint, most platforms allow the researcher to easily collect user experience metrics and for some metrics the data collected is comparable to data collected in a lab study. Un-moderated user research platforms have typically been used to facilitate evaluative user experience research studies. There has been little exploration in the HCI literature on the use of these platforms for formative user experience research activities. MURAL (http://mural.ly) is a visual workspace used by creative teams to share inspiration, discover new insights, brainstorm and organize ideas and define solutions. In this paper, we describe how MURAL can be used as a platform to facilitate un-moderated formative user experience research activities.