cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two distinct aquaporin-4 cDNAs isolated from medullary cone of quail kidney.

Abstract Water deprivation or arginine vasotocin upregulates aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression in apical and subapical regions of medullary collecting duct (CD) cells of Coturnix coturnix quail (q) kidneys. We therefore aimed to determine whether the CD has AQPs mediating water exit from the intracellular to the extracellular (interstitial) space. Using a homologue cloning technique, we isolated two distinct qAQP4 cDNAs from quail medullary cones; long (L, open reading frames) and short (S) cDNA encoded 335 (qAQP4-L) and 301 (qAQP4-S) amino acids with, respectively, 80% and 87% identity to human long- and short-form AQP4. qAQP4-S is identical to qAQP4-L from the second initiation site. Both isoforms have two NPA motifs, but lack cysteine at the known mercury-sensitive site. qAQP4-L and qAQP4-S are expressed in membranes of Xenopus laevis oocytes, but both failed to increase the water permeability ( P f ) of oocytes exposed to a hypotonic solution. Glutamate (Q242) replacement with histidine did not increase P f . With conventional RT-PCR and real-time PCR, qAQP4-L/S mRNA signals were detected in the brain, lung, heart, intestine, adrenal gland, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney (higher in medulla than in cortical region). qAQP4-L mRNA was detected only in the brain and adrenal gland. Orthogonal arrays of intramembranous particles were not detected in quail CDs. The results suggest that although qAQP4-L and qAQP4-S have high homology to mammalian AQP4, their physiological function may be different.
Acute myocardial infarction following gold sodium thiomalate induced vasomotor (nitritoid) reaction

A vasomotor (nitritoid) reaction occurred following an initial injection of gold sodium thiomalate (GST; MyochrysineR) in a 69-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An acute anterior wall myocardial infarction, documented by serial electrocardiographic and serum enzyme changes, developed immediately thereafter. A second patient, a 49-year-old man with RA and a history of GST-associated vasomotor reactions, was monitored clinically and electrocardiographically after GST administration. Sinus tachycardia developed and peripheral blood pressure fell within 2 minutes of injection, simultaneous with the onset of vasomotor symptoms. Vasomotor reactions from GST may compromise myocardial perfusion by their action on arteriolar smooth muscle, and thus result in peripheral vasodilatation, or they may act by adrenergic discharge initiated by such a reaction, and thus increase myocardial work and oxygen demand. Aurothioglucose (SolganalR), rarely produces vasomotor reactions, and may be preferred to GST in elderly RA patients with concomitant cardiovascular disease or atherosclerosis.
Soft Power and State–Firm Diplomacy: Congress and IT Corporate Activity in China

In today’s globalized political economy, diplomacy between nation-states (state–state diplomacy) now exists alongside state–firm diplomacy, the negotiations between multinational corporations (MNCs) and the countries in which they do business. While the state must be committed to the interests of its MNCs in the interest of domestic state–firm diplomacy (maintaining a supportive business environment), it still has recourse to address failures in corporate diplomacy and to maintain the appearance of dominance on the world stage. This paper examined these strategies through a critical analysis of prepared testimony at the February 2006 congressional hearing regarding the controversial actions of four U.S. IT MNCs (Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, and Cisco) operating in China. I conclude that when the government is constrained from using its hard power on its MNCs, soft power becomes its most effective tool. Image, suggestion, and appearance—soft power—can be considered more important than legislation itself—hard power—and perhaps even the currency of current state–firm relations.
Abruptio placentae in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis): male bias

Background Abruptio placentae is a serious problem with a high rate of maternal and fetal mortality and documented sexual dimorphism in reoccurrence. Macaca fascicularis is a well-described reproductive model; however, there are no data available regarding sexual dimorphism in abruptio placentae in these species. Methods A retrospective study of pathology and medical records in a large colony of M. fascicularis was performed. Placental specimens were analyzed. Results The incidence of placenta abruptio in the colony was 15.7/1000 births. In the abruptio placentae group, male fetuses had lower placental disk length and increased femur length compared with female fetuses. The feto-pacental ratio and fetal weight were lower in the male fetuses in the abruption group compared with those in the stillbirth group without abruption placentae. Conclusion This is the first documentation of male bias in placental and fetal development in abruptio placentae in non-human primates.
Dependence of marine stratocumulus formation on aerosols

A theoretical assessment is made of the impact of initial cloud condensation nuclei concentrations on the formation and stability of marine stratocumulus. It is found that the initial CCN concentration, through modulation of the drizzle process, has significant impact on the formation and stability of stratocumulus cloud layers for low CCN levels. The low levels examined are typical of both preindustrial oceanic areas in the North Pacific and the Southern Ocean today.
Amplitude-modulation following response (AMFR): Effects of modulation rate, carrier frequency, age, and state

Abstract Scalp responses to continuous amplitude-modulated (AM) tones were recorded from adults and 1-month-old infants. Tbe amplitude-modulation following (or envelope) response (AMFR) was quantified using magnitude-squared coherence. This measurement indicates the strength of the frequency-following response relative to background neural noise. The optimal modulation rate for generating the AMFR was determined by studying the effects of stimulus modulation rate on the response. Stimulus AM rate was varied between 10 and 80 Hz for continuous tonal stimuli of 500 Hz, and between 20 and 80 Hz for continuous tonal stimuli of 2000 Hz. Optimal modulation rate was defined as the AM rate that provided the highest coherence estimate. Adult AMFR coherence increased between 10 and 40 Hz (20–40 Hz for 2000 Hz), and decreased between 40 and 80 Hz in both carrier frequency conditions. Infant AMFR coherence, in contrast, monotonically increased between 10 and 80 Hz (20–80 Hz for 2000 Hz). Thus, within the frequency range examined, 40 Hz is optimal for generating the AMFR in adults, whereas 80 Hz is optimal in infants. Adults were tested while awake and infants were tested during periods of sleep. Given the observed age difference in effective modulation rate, we examined modulation rate effects in a group of adults in both awake and sedated states. As in sleeping infants, 80 Hz was optimal for generating AMFRs in the sedated adults.
A Thermo-Sensitive Transmitter for Radio Tracking Small Animals

A small, light-weight (3 g), thermo-sensitive transmitter is described, which is easy to built. The transmitter has an effective range of 40 m in the field and a lifetime of 9 months. By means of surgical implantation it has been used in studying the thermal ecology of the common toad, Bufo bufo bufo L., but its applicability is universal.
7-[2-hydroxyethyl] cephalosporanic acid derivatives

The preparation of cis and trans 7-[2-hydroxyethyl] cephalosporanic acid salts, as well as their corresponding O-sulfate analogs, is described. A very useful method for preparing large quantities of 7-oxocephalosporanates from 7-ACA is also described.
Commentary on "nationwide trends in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and use of endovascular repair in the emergency setting".

32. Brandt M, Walluscheck KP, Jahnke T, Graw K, Cremer J, Muller-Hulsbeck S. Endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: feasibility and impact on early outcome. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2005; 16:1309–1312. 3. Lesperance K, Andersen C, Singh N, Starnes B, Martin MJ. Expanding use of emergency endovascular repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: disparities in outcomes from a nationwide perspective. J Vasc Surg 2008; 47:1165–1170. 4. Leon LR Jr, Labropoulos N, Laredo J, Rodriguez HE, Kalman PG. To what extent has endovascular aneurysm repair influenced abdominal aortic aneurysm management in the state of Illinois? J Vasc Surg 2005; 41:568–574. 5. Greco G, Egorova N, Anderson PL, et al. Outcomes of endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2006; 43:453–459.
The effect of concentration and temperature gradients on solute redistribution

Abstract A partial differential equation describing the process of solute redistribution in the melt of a dilute binary alloy is formulated by including contributions of concentration and temperature gradients in the liquid. The time-dependent solution of the partial differential equation is carried out for the case of a semi-infinite sample in which growing is initiated at one end and at time t = 0, and proceeds unidirectionally at a constant freezing rate R . By the use of a Laplace transform, the partial differential equation can be transformed into an ordinary differential equation which can be solved exactly by assuming a constant temperature gradient in the liquid ahead of the advancing solid-liquid interface. The exact solution of the Laplace equation is used as a zeroth order trial solution for solving the realistic partial differential equation containing a varying temperature gradient in the liquid by the iteration technique. The first order solution is found to converge rapidly with the temperature expansion parameter ( T 1 - T 0 ) D ′/ k , where T 1 and T 0 are the temperatures of the heat source and the interface; k is the thermal diffusivity in the liquid; and D ′ is the thermal diffusion coefficient in the liquid.
Biogenic Magnetite Formation through Anaerobic Biooxidation of Fe(II)

The presence of isotopically light carbonates in association with fine-grained magnetite is considered to be primarily due to the reduction of Fe(III) by Fe(III)-reducing bacteria in the environment. Here, we report on magnetite formation by biooxidation of Fe(II) coupled to denitrification. This metabolism offers an alternative environmental source of biogenic magnetite.
Cardiopulmonary effects of cannabidiol in anesthetized mongrel dogs.

Abstract Seventeen artificially ventilated, pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were treated with 0.5 mg/kg of cannabidiol (CBD), 1.0 mg/kg CBD, or control vehicle (50% propylene glycol) by iv injection. Lung resistance (RL), lung compliance (CL), heart rate (HR), mean systemic arterial blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (C.O.) and arterial blood pO2, pCO2, and pH were measured. The higher dose of CBD was followed by a persistent decrease in CL and the lower dose by a transitory decrease. Neither dose of CBD was followed by significant alteration in RL, arterial blood pO2, pCO2, or pH. Both groups of dogs treated with CBD showed a trend toward increased HR and decreased C.O.
c‐Kit immunophenotyping and metalloproteinase expression profiles of mast cells in interstitial lung diseases

Diverse interstitial lung diseases (ILD) demonstrate mesenchymal infiltration by an abundance of activated mast cells whose role in parenchymal fibrogenesis remains unclear. Since mast cells differentiate in a dynamic, tissue-specific manner via signals transduced by c-Kit receptor, we examined the effect of ILD microenvironments on c-Kit expression and metalloproteinase phenotypes of mesenchymal mast cell populations. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses characterized surface expression of c-Kit on mast cells in tissues obtained from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, sarcoidosis, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis, thus identifying a unique immunophenotype not shared by normal lung mast cells. Isolation of c-Kit+/FcepsilonRI+/CD34- mast cells via immunocytometric sorting of heterogeneous cell populations from mechanically disaggregated lung tissues permitted analysis of gene expression patterns by two-step real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transcriptional profiling identified expression of c-Kit and the neutral serine proteases, tryptase and chymase, establishing the identity of sorted populations as mature mast cells. Mast cells harvested from ILD tissues demonstrated characteristic metalloproteinase phenotypes which included expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-9, -10, and -17. Immunohistochemical co-localization guided by gene profiling data confirmed expression of chymase, MMP-1, and ADAM-17 protein in subpopulations of mast cells in remodelling interstitium. Gene profiling of harvested mast cells also showed increased transcript copy numbers for TNFalpha and CC chemokine receptor 2, which play critical roles in lung injury. We conclude that ILD microenvironments induce unique c-Kit receptor and metalloproteinase mast cell phenotypes.
Using expected localization in segmentation

Segmentation paradigms are based on manipulating some distinguishing characteristic of the various objects that are present in the image being analyzed. These characteristics are often well known for given objects in a given class of images. The intelligent use of this knowledge can simplify the segmentation process without necessarily targeting it for a particular class of images. This paper outlines a segmentation paradigm that uses models which characterize the expected presentation of possible image objects. It explains how knowledge of the expected localization of certain objects can be used to refine the segmentation process, to optimize object extraction and identification, and to learn some invariant characteristics of the objects and their surroundings, for use by high level intelligent processes. We present results of experiments with MRI human brain scans, dental radiographs, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) serial sections of hemocytes (insect blood cells).© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Magnetization of large polystyrene peptide beads for capturing and expanding cancer cells

A method is described for preparation of large magnetic polystyrene beads coupled with peptide ligands for surface receptors of lung cancer cells. We have demonstrated the feasibility of using these magnetic peptide beads for capturing and enriching lung cancer cells spiked into blood. These magnetic peptide beads potentially can be used to efficiently isolate cancer cells from body fluids.
Recent advances in precombustion coal cleaning processes

The mineral matter in coal constitutes a major impediment to the direct use of coal in power plants. A concerted effort has been mounted to reduce the ash/sulfur contents in product coal to meet the ever more stringent environmental regulations. In recent years, significant advances have taken place in fine coal cleaning technologies. A review of recent developments in advanced physical, chemical and biological processes for deep-cleaning of fine coal is presented.
Planning for a National Effort to Enable and Accelerate Discoveries in Pharmacogenetics: The NIH Pharmacogenetics Research Network

The Pharmacogenetics Research Network (PGRN) was conceived as a broad network-based approach to research studies in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, with the central feature of a database that would be hypothesis-generating and open to all scientific investigators. The original working group emphasized the importance of carefully relating phenotypes for drug responses to genotypes, and understanding the relationships functionally and mechanistically. The mission of the PGRN is to advance our knowledge of the genetic basis for variable drug responses. The ultimate goal of the effort is to determine clinically significant sequence variations in order to predict the right choice and dose of medications for individuals and to prepare for implementation of this information to improve health care.
Correction for a resonance-capture component in thermal-neutron-capture gamma-ray spectra

Abstract The paper outlines a method for extracting accurate values of the absolute intensities of thermal-neutron-capture gamma rays from spectra that have a resonance-capture contaminant. The method depends on a measurement of the spectra for two neutron fields that have a known ratio of the relative flux of epithermal neutrons. This approach is applied to a study of 197 Au(n,γ) 198 Au. The derived absolute values of the transition intensities for thermal-neutron capture provide an accurate and useful intensity standard for gamma rays in the energy range 6–6.5 MeV.
Sub-sample Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test

ABSTRACT This paper presents a class of sub-sample rank-sum statistics to test the stochastic ordering between two distributions. The proposed class includes as special case the min–max test of Ozturk.[1] It is shown that the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is normal and its Pitman asymptotic efficiency is as good as or higher than the competitors in the class of sub-sample Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon statistics.
Sound reception in two anabantid fishes

Abstract 1. 1. Pure tone displacement sensitivity and bandwidth were measured from the saccule of the ear in two anabantid species ( Trichogaster trichopterus and Helostoma temincki ) using microphonic potentials with a 1 μV RMS threshold for the second harmonic of the stimulus frequency. 2. 2. Saccular microphonics were recorded in both species from 80 to 1600 Hz, with lowest thresholds between 100 and 200 Hz. The overall microphonic response curves (sensitivity and bandwidth) of the two species were statistically similar to one another with an analysis of variance, although there were statistically different thresholds at 100 and 800 Hz. 3. 3. The hair cell orientation patterns of the saccular epithelia differ in the two species. Consequently, the comparative sizes of the saccular sensory epithelium and numbers of sensory hair cells were examined. The saccular sensory epithelium of Helostoma is about 40% larger and contains nearly 50% more hair cells than the saccular epithelium of a comparably sized Trichogaster . 4. 4. An extracranial air bubble, located in the suprabranchial chamber, is found in both species. The bubble has direct access to the saccular chamber in Trichogaster through a foramen which is absent in Helostoma . Despite the difference in morphology and the larger numbers of sensory hair cells in Helostoma , hearing sensitivity and bandwidth is similar in the two species. Although the structural differences in the auditory periphery do not affect pure tone sensitivity and bandwidth, other aspects of fish hearing such as frequency discrimination, discrimination of signals in the presence of noise, and/or sound localization ability may be affected by these structural differences.
On the construction of the Voronoi mesh on a sphere

Abstract A new construction of the Voronoi mesh on the sphere is presented. The main feature is that the algorithm adds points one at a time until the final Voronoi mesh is built up. By adding one point to an existing Voronoi mesh of K points, only local changes are needed to construct a Voronoi mesh of K + 1 points. This construction is particularly well suited to time-dependent problems since using information from the Voronoi mesh at the previous time step allows us to reduce the construction to O(N) operations when the two configurations are close, while the algorithm does not break down when they are far apart. Numerical experiments are presented to substantiate the O(N) operation count for a “typical” case.
Calibration and validation of TAP, and aquaculture pond water quality model

Abstract A computer model of water quality in aquaculture ponds (The Aquaculture Pond model, TAP) has been run for data obtained from five research sites around the world. The procedures followed for data manipulation, and the assumptions made to complete the data requirements are described. Agreement between simulated and measured dissolved oxygen values was used as an indicator of the quality of the simulations. The quality of the simulations varied between sites and in some cases between pond treatments at a given site. Possible reasons for the variations in quality of fit are discussed.
Reactivation-induced interference in a short-term retention paradigm

Abstract In Experiment 1 it was demonstrated that interference with a rat's retention of a target spatial cue decreases as the interval between prior conflicting cues and the target increases. Experiment 2 showed that interference can occur even when the interstimulus interval is long, if the memory of a conflicting cue is reactivated just prior to exposing an animal to the target cue. A third experiment suggested that these findings could not be easily interpreted in terms of a stimulus satiation effect. The implications of these findings for a trace decay model of short-term retention were discussed.
Establishing Human Brands: Determinants of Placement Success for First Faculty Positions in Marketing

In this paper, based on primary data spanning five years, we examine factors that influence the entry-level placement of marketing doctoral candidates at U.S. universities and colleges. Contributing to the emerging research on human brands, we identify marketing doctoral candidates’ intrinsic and extrinsic brand cues that influence their number of AMA interviews, campus visit offers, and starting base salary. The strongest brand cue is the research productivity of candidates’ doctoral degree-granting departments. A related cue that also predicts initial salary is the candidates’ advisors’ research record. Further, when beginning the job search, doctoral students who have a top research publication, a dissertation proposal defended with data, and who have attended the AMA-Sheth Foundation Doctoral Consortium receive a substantial entry salary premium. Based on branding frameworks and theories of academic rewards, this study adds to the emerging knowledge on both the concept of human brands as well as the growing literature on issues relating to marketing academia.
Intrinsic failure modes of brittle materials

The present study reviews the application of damage mechanics to the prediction of the material failure caused by the evolving density of microcracks. The loss of homogeneity on the specimen size is common to all failure modes considered in this study. The transition between a statistically homogeneous to a heterogeneous state of strain and damage depends on the morphology of defect clusters, state of stress, strain rate and microstructural disorder. As a result the failure can occur in several different ways. A rich spectrum of physical phenomena and new concepts that emerge from these considerations demonstrates the successes and limitations of the traditional, deterministic, and local continuum models.
An 8− isomeric state in the 106-neutron nuclei: 180W, 182Os and 184Pt

Abstract The decay of a two-neutron, 8−, isomeric state has been observed in three nuclei having 106 neutrons. The half-lives of these isomers are in the region of 1 msec. In each of the isotones 180mW, 184mOs and 184mPt, there were observed five prominent transitions. Four of these are the E2 transitions of the 8 → 6 → 4 → 2 → 0 cascade in the ground-state band. The fifth transition is a very hindered E1 that de-excites an 8−, 8 isomeric level and populates the 8+, 0 level of the ground-state band. Despite the appreciable difference between the properties of these nuclei, as can be seen by comparing the well-developed rotational spectrum of 180W with that of the poor rotor 184Pt, the isomeric transitions seem to exhibit a striking similarity. In 184mPt, the isomeric decay also populates other levels. Among them were tentatively identified two members of the β-Vibrational band. Their position relative to the ground-state band in this transitional-region nucleus is of special interest.
Effect of melatonin on mitotic and proliferation indices, and sister chromatid exchange in human blood lymphocytes

Cells from human peripheral blood were cultured in vitro in the presence of 0.05 to 1.00 mM melatonin, 10(-7) M mitomycin C (positive control) and 0.5% ethanol (solvent control) for 72 h at 37 +/- 1 degree C. Lymphocytes were examined for mitotic and proliferation indices, and for the incidence of sister chromatid exchange. The results indicate that the lymphocytes which were cultured in the presence of > or = 0.20 mM concentrations of melatonin exhibited a significant and concentration-dependent decrease in mitotic index and alteration in proliferation kinetics. This was demonstrated by an increase in the frequency of lymphocytes in their first division, with a concomitant decrease in the second and third or later division cells. The incidence of sister chromatid exchange was similar in the lymphocytes exposed to 0.05 to 1.00 mM melatonin and untreated controls. Exposure of the cells to ethanol, the solvent used, did not alter either the mitotic or proliferation indices, or the frequency of sister chromatid exchange. The lymphocytes treated with mitomycin C showed the expected decrease in mitotic and proliferation indices, and an increased incidence of sister chromatid exchange. These observations indicate that melatonin, when continuously present in the cultures for 72 h at the concentrations tested, while not genotoxic as indicated by the sister chromatid exchange assay, inhibits the proliferation of mitogen stimulated (and proliferating) human blood lymphocytes at supraphysiological concentrations.
Arterial Fibromuscular Dysplasia Associated With Severe α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency

Objective To elucidate the putative arteriopathy associated with α 1 -antitrypsin (α 1 -AT) deficiency. Design We retrospectively studied the frequency of occurrence of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) in patients with α 1 -AT deficiency in whom a postmortem examination had been done during a 10-year period at the Mayo Clinic. Material and Methods The medical records of all patients in whom an autopsy was done at the Mayo Clinic between 1983 and 1992 were reviewed to identify all those with a diagnosis of α 1 -AT deficiency or FMD. Results Arterial FMD was found in 2 of 6 patients with α 1 -AT deficiency (33.3%; 95% confidence interval, 4.3 to 77.7%) in comparison with 23 of 6,690 patients without α 1 -AT deficiency (03%; 95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.5%). In both patients with α 1 -AT deficiency and FMD, the arterial media was thickened and composed of irregular arrays of muscular and connective tissue fibers in a background of mucoid ground substance. Conclusion These findings provide further evidence for an underlying arteriopathy in patients with α 1 -AT deficiency and suggest that FMD may be a nonspecific disorder.
Related base sequences in the DNA of simple and complex organisms. II. The interpretation of DNA-RNA hybridization studies with mammalian nucleic acids.

A comparison has been made of the properties of hybridization reactions using mouse RNA and B. subtilisRNA. By virtue of the high rates of reaction of mammalian RNA and the imperfect nature of the base pairing in the hybrids formed, it is concluded that these reactions are not locus-specific. The same cross-reaction is obtained between polynucleotides representing similar but not identical genes as is observed in the formation of mammalian DNA/DNA duplexes. Thus, saturation experiments are not accurate measurements of the fraction of the DNA responsible for the synthesis of a given mixture of RNA molecules. In fact, very different values are obtained when the incubation temperature is varied since the extent of cross-reaction of RNA with the DNA of other than parental cistrons depends on the incubation temperature. Likewise, competition experiments devoted to comparisons of different RNA preparations provide estimates of similarity which are completely dependent upon the ionic strength and the temperature of incubation. A high degree of discrimination may be attained through the use of carefully chosen reaction conditions. For example, it appears that the majority of hybridized RNA molecules from kidney and liver are distinguishable. Agreement is obtained between experiments employing simultaneous competition of two groups of RNA molecules and those in which the DNA is presaturated with unlabeled RNA before addition of the labeled RNA. In the light of these differences between hybridization reactions by RNA of simple and complex organisms, consideration is made of the applicability of the technique to the analysis of differential gene transcription in higher organisms.
Intensive mentoring as a way to help beginning teachers develop balanced instruction

This study examines the impact of intensive mentoring as an induction program component aimed at improving teacher quality in ways that link teaching to student engagement. The Atmosphere, Instruct...
Depression, Antidepressants, and Neurogenesis: A Critical Reappraisal

The neurogenesis hypothesis of depression posits (1) that neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is regulated negatively by stressful experiences and positively by treatment with antidepressant drugs and (2) that alterations in the rate of neurogenesis play a fundamental role in the pathology and treatment of major depression. This hypothesis is supported by important experimental observations, but is challenged by equally compelling contradictory reports. This review summarizes the phenomenon of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, the initial and continued evidence leading to the development of the neurogenesis hypothesis of depression, and the recent studies that have disputed and/or qualified those findings, to conclude that it can be affected by stress and antidepressants under certain conditions, but that these effects do not appear in all cases of psychological stress, depression, and antidepressant treatment.
Wearable and wireless accelerometer systems for monitoring Parkinson’s disease patients—A perspective review

Parkinson’s disease is a growing medical concern as societies, such as the United States of America, become progressively aged. Therapy strategies exist for the amelioration of Parkinson’s disease symptoms, and the quantification of attributes, such as hand tremor, can provide valuable feedback. Wearable and wireless accelerometer systems for monitoring Parkinson’s disease patients have been progressively advanced over the course of the past half-decade. In particular, wireless accelerometer nodes and smartphones, such as the iPhone, hold promise for optimizing therapy strategy by providing convenient quantified feedback. This perspective review addresses the current advances in wearable and wireless accelerometer systems for monitoring Parkinson’s disease patients and forecasts for the near future.
On the fundamental limits of topology control

We consider the effect of link dynamics on topology control in large ad hoc and sensor networks. By link dynamics we mean the length ratio of the longest and shortest link adjacent to the same node. We show a new fundamental limit of topology control: if the number of nodes grow to infinity, while link dynamics remains bounded, then no topology control algorithm can keep a large network connected with high probability. Moreover, bounded link dynamics prevents connectivity in the limit without any assumption on the node degrees or transmission ranges. Our results hold in a model that is much more general than the frequently used assumption of uniformly distributed nodes in a regularly shaped planar domain. Since link dynamics is expected to be bounded in practice, the results strenghten the theoretical basis for the argument that a large ad hoc or sensor network is unable to maintain connectivity if it has a flat, random organization without additional structure.
The role of BRCA1 in homologous recombination repair in response to replication stress: significance in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy

Germ line mutations in breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) predispose women to breast and ovarian cancers. Although BRCA1 is involved in many important biological processes, the function of BRCA1 in homologous recombination (HR) mediated repair is considered one of the major mechanisms contributing to its tumor suppression activity, and the cause of hypersensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors when BRCA1 is defective. Mounting evidence suggests that the mechanism of repairing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) by HR is different than the mechanism operating when DNA replication is blocked. Although BRCA1 has been recognized as a central component in HR, the precise role of BRCA1 in HR, particularly under replication stress, has remained largely unknown. Given the fact that DNA lesions caused by replication blockages are the primary substrates for HR in mitotic cells, functional analysis of BRCA1 in HR repair in the context of replication stress should benefit our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis associated with BRCA1 deficiencies, as well as the development of therapeutic approaches for cancer patients carrying BRCA1 mutations or reduced BRCA1 expression. This review focuses on the current advances in this setting and also discusses the significance in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
Stability of cefepime and metronidazole prepared for simplified administration as a single product.

Abstract The stabilities of cefepime and metronidazole were determined after preparation of a single admixture product in view of its potential use as a simple and cost-effective therapeutic alternative for infections caused by many aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. The stability of cefepime 1000 or 2000 mg mixed with metronidazole 500 or 1500 mg was evaluated via high-performance liquid chromatography after storage for up to 336 h at 4 or 23 °C. Cefepime was stable in all 4 °C samples for up to 336 h, retaining ≥95% of initial concentrations. Samples of cefepime 1000 and 2000 mg mixed with metronidazole 500 mg were stable at 23 °C for up to 48 h, whereas those mixed with metronidazole 1500 mg and cefepime controls were stable at 23 °C for up to 72 h. Metronidazole was stable in all samples for up to 336 h, retaining ≥94% of initial concentrations. These data suggest that therapeutic use of cefepime and metronidazole as a single intravenous admixture product is feasible and practical.
Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome

Abstract Twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) can be a very confusing diagnosis. The goal of this article is to familiarize the audience with the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of TTTS. An overview of twinning mechanics, as well as the pathophysiology, staging, treatment options, and outcomes of TTTS, will be discussed. It is important for nurses to understand all of the treatment options available so that support can be given regardless of the path families have chosen.
Cell Membrane–Associated Mineralocorticoid Receptors?: New Evidence

The purpose of the present article is to provide an overview of plasma membrane steroid hormone receptors and their implications in nongenomic signaling. We especially focus on recent evidence supporting the notion of a possible membrane-associated aldosterone receptor, whether this receptor is different from the classic nuclear receptor, and the possible implications of such a receptor for nongenomic and genomic aldosterone effects in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
Narrow-width SOI devices: the role of quantum-mechanical size quantization effect and unintentional doping on the device operation

The ultimate limits in scaling of conventional MOSFET devices have led the researchers from all over the world to look for novel device concepts, such as ultrathin-body (UTB) silicon-on-insulator (SOI), dual-gate SOI devices, FinFETs, focused ion beam MOSFETs, etc. These novel devices suppress some of the short channel effects exhibited by conventional MOSFETs. However, a lot of the old issues still remain and new issues begin to appear. For example, in UTB SOI devices, dual-gate MOSFETs and in FinFET devices, quantum-mechanical size quantization effects significantly affect the overall device behavior. In addition, unintentional doping leads to considerable fluctuation in key device parameters. In this work we investigate the role of two-dimensional quantization effects in the operation of a narrow-width SOI device using an effective potential scheme in conjunction with a three-dimensional ensemble Monte Carlo particle-based device simulator. We also investigate the influence of unintentional doping on the operation of this device. We find that proper inclusion of quantization effects is needed to explain the experimentally observed width dependence of the threshold voltage. With regard to the problem of unintentional doping, impurities near the middle portion of the source end of the channel have most significant impact on the device drive current and the fluctuations in the device threshold voltage.
Comparison of endoscopic treatment modalities for Barrett’s neoplasia

Background There are few data comparing endoscopic treatment outcomes for Barrett's esophagus (BE). Objective To compare treatment outcomes in BE patients treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA), RFA after EMR, and porfimer sodium photodynamic therapy (Ps-PDT). Design Retrospective, observational study. Setting Single tertiary center between 2001 and 2013. Patients A total of 342 BE patients treated with RFA (n = 119), EMR+RFA (n = 98), and Ps-PDT (n = 125). Main Outcome Measurements Rates of complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CRIM), BE recurrence, and adverse events. Results Baseline BE high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and adenocarcinoma were more common in the Ps-PDT group (89%) compared with the EMR-RFA (70%) and RFA (37%) groups. At a median follow-up of 14.2 months, 173 patients (50.6%) achieved CRIM. CRIM was significantly more common in Ps-PDT patients compared with RFA ( P P P = .001) and Ps-PDT (10.4%, P =.043) patients. Conclusion This study of endoscopic treatment for Barrett's dysplasia and neoplasia found that complete remission was achieved more often and more rapidly after Ps-PDT with similar disease recurrence rates compared with EMR or RFA. Adverse events were more common after EMR and Ps-PDT. Further studies are required to determine which ablation and resection techniques are ideally suited for each BE patient.
An individual-based simulation model for mottled sculpin ( Cottus bairdi ) in a southern Appalachian stream

We describe and analyze a spatially explicit, individual-based model for the local population dynamics of mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi). The model simulated daily growth, mortality, movement and spawning of individuals within a reach of stream. Juvenile and adult growth was based on consumption bioenergetics of benthic macroinvertebrate prey; benthic macroinvertebrate densities were a function of flow, season, and habitat quality. We based mortality rates of individual sculpin on their condition. Fish movement was determined by a growth maximization rule. We adjusted selected parameters to calibrate the model for a sculpin population in a southern Appalachian stream, in terms of adult and juvenile abundance and mean adult weight and length. Sensitivity and correlation analysis of the calibrated model suggested that this population was regulated by overwinter density-dependence among juveniles and adults.
On robustness measures and the feasible set of the LMI arising in the stability analysis

We present a recent result in the area of algorithmic theory of stability and robustness. The emphasis will be placed on the relationship that exists between the size of the solution of an LMI which arise in the stability analysis on one hand, and the robustness property of the underlying system on the other.
Validity of the VERA visual skills screening

PURPOSE: Most school vision screenings test only visual acuity. There is a need for a valid, easily administered test that screens for a wider variety of learning-related vision problems. Visual Efficiency RAting (VERA) is a software program designed for schools to detect both routine vision problems and visual skill problems. The purpose of this study was to compare the VERA visual skills screening with the optometric assessment of binocular, accommodative, and ocular motor skills. METHODS: One hundred fifty-four children from grades 3 through 5 were evaluated using the VERA visual skills screening, a clinical battery of visual skills testing, the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey, and 2 reading tests. RESULTS: The sensitivity of VERA in detecting visual skills problems was 45%, and the specificity was 83%.Sensitivityincreasedto64%andspecificityto100%insmallergroupsofchildrenwhenoverlaysof symptoms, classroom behaviors, and reading skills were included. CONCLUSIONS: VERA has fairly good sensitivity and very good specificity in detecting visual skills problems.Giventhatthemajorityofvisualskilldeficitscurrentlygoundetected,VERAcanbeconsidered a reasonably effective method of in-school visual skills screening. Optometry 2010;81:571-579
Detecting and Recovering from Deviation

What are the changes that will transform the basic bottom-up parsing algorithm described in Chapter 5 into one that tolerates deviant input? By comparing Figures 5-1 and 6-1, we see that the key lies in extending the error dctection mechanism to include error recovery. We know that error detection is the discovery of violated expectations in the context provided by a form and a set of co-constituents. When we were considering only Deviation-level 0, error detection was a yes-or-no proposition; either a set of subnodes satisfied a form or they did not. If the answer was “yes” then we considered the form successful and EXPANDed the co-constituents as an instance of the recognized formclass. If the answer was “no”the search path represented by the context was simply terminated—at Deviation-level 0 no violated expectations are tolerated. It follows that to understand deviant utterances within this framework we must be willing to relax a form’s expectations in a principled way without losing sight of what constitutes a good explanation. Following the model presented in Chapter 2, we have implemented the general recovery actions as our principled method of relaxing expectations. As a result, we define the best explanation of a deviant utterance as the one that requires the fewest recovery actions. Finding the best explanation is accomplished by a lcast-deviant-first search using the current grammar and successive applications of the recovery actions. Thus, if a deviant utterance can be explained by performing only one recovery action we say that it succeeds at Deviation-level 1, or, alternatively, that the utterance requires one deviation. An utterance requiring two deviations succeeds at Deviation-level 2 and has no less deviant explanation within the current grammar.
Outcomes for hypopharyngeal carcinoma treated with organ‐preservation therapy

Background This study assessed outcomes of patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma treated with organ-preservation therapy utilizing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods The medical records of 98 patients treated with definitive IMRT +/- chemotherapy from 2001 to 2013 for nonmetastatic hypopharyngeal cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Results Patients were treated to doses of 66 to 72 Gy. Eighty-three patients (85%) received chemotherapy. With median follow-up of 35 months, 2-year overall survival (OS), locoregional control, progression-free survival (PFS), and laryngectomy-free survival rates were 74%, 77%, 67%, and 65%, respectively. Functional laryngeal preservation rate was 76% at 2 years. N3 disease correlated with worse OS (p < .01). Concurrent chemotherapy correlated with improved locoregional control (p = .03) and complete response to induction chemotherapy correlated with improved OS and PFS (p = .02). Actuarial 2-year and 5-year grade 3 treatment toxicities were 17% and 21%, respectively. Conclusion Favorable disease outcomes and functional laryngeal preservation rates can be achieved with IMRT for patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
Photodetectors for Scintillator Proportionality Measurement

We evaluate photodetectors for use in a Compton Coincidence apparatus designed for measuring scintillator proportionality. There are many requirements placed on the photodetector in these systems, including active area, linearity, and the ability to accurately measure low light levels (which implies high quantum efficiency and high signal-to-noise ratio). Through a combination of measurement and Monte Carlo simulation, we evaluate a number of potential photodetectors, especially photomultiplier tubes and hybrid photodetectors. Of these, we find that the most promising devices available are photomultiplier tubes with high ({approx}50%) quantum efficiency, although hybrid photodetectors with high quantum efficiency would be preferable.
Influence of Plant Bug and Leafhopper Populations on Glabrous and Nectariless Cottons

Studies were conducted at two environments during 1978 and 1979 so that we could determine early-season insect damage on selected glabrous and nectariless coltons, Gossypium hirsutum L. To have different insect populations, we applied two granular insecticides (aldicarb and slow-release acephate) as sidedress applications. Insecticide treatments did not significantly affect plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), but did significantly affect leafhoppers (primarily Empoasca ), total lint yield, and lint yield at first picking. Significant varietal differences were shown with plant bug populations, leafhopper populations, total lint yield, and lint at first picking. Glabrous cottons had the highest insect populations and the lowest yields. Significant or highly significant negative correlations were shown between leafhoppers and yield (total and first picking) at two environments and for the mean of all four environments.
INVESTIGATION ON BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF ULTRASOUND DETECTOR AND COUPLING AGENT IN HOSPITAL

Objective To know the bacterial carry condition of ultrasound detector and coupling agent in Tianjin hospital and disinfection methods.Methods Field sampling and quantitative bacterial detection method were used to investigate the bacterial contamination of the ultrasound detector and coupling agent used in hospital.Results 100 samples of using ultrasonic probe in Tianjin hospital were detected,22% were exceed the total bacterial count standard,but pathogenic bacteria was not detected out.50 samples of using ultrasonic coupling agent were detected,50% were exceed the total bacterial count standard.In 5 kinds of the sold coupling agent products,40% were not qualified.Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected out in 1 kind of coupling agent.Conclusion Ultrasound probe used in hospitals did not disinfects.Bacteria was higher,health status pollution bullish or become the hidden trouble of the hospital infection.Ultrasound probe disinfection and coupling agent health quality control should be caused attention to the relevant departments.