cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Christian Faith on the Prevalence and Sequelae of Sexual Abuse

The present study examines the impact of religious faith on the prevalence and long-term sequelae of childhood sexual abuse in a sample of 2,964 professional women. No significant difference was found on the prevalence of abuse based on religious preference within the family of origin, but the rate of abuse was mediated by the extent to which religious beliefs were integrated into family life. Whether or not a survivor was religiously active as an adult was mediated by the religious orientation of her family of origin and by whether or not the abuse occurred within the nuclear family. Finally, the severity of adult symptomatology was mediated by both the religious practices of the adult survivor and by whether or not the abuse occurred within the nuclear family.
Gas chromatographic method for the determination of the lower volatile alcohols in rat blood and in human stool specimens on a fused silica capillary column

Abstract A method is described for the simultaneous quantitation of the lower volatile alcohols in stool specimens and rat blood. The addition of potassium carbonate to the assay mixture markedly increased the sensitivity in the detection of these compounds. The method is shown to be simple and reproducible and is suitable for following the metabbolism of ethanol in human stool specimens.
Legendre spectral element method with nearly incompressible materials

Abstract We investigate convergence behavior of a spectral element method based on Legendre polynomial shape functions solving linear elasticity equations for a range of Poisson's ratios of a material. We document uniform convergence rates independent of Poisson's ratio for a wide class of problems with both straight and curved elements in two and three dimensions, demonstrating locking-free properties of the spectral element method with nearly incompressible materials. We investigate computational efficiency of the current method without a preconditioner and with a simple mass-matrix preconditioner, however no attempt to optimize a choice of a preconditioner was made.
A new, sensitive determination of phosphate

Abstract A new method for the determination of phosphorus using Triton X-100 instead of reducing agents is more sensitive than procedures described earlier. Organic phosphate esters do not appear to interfere with the determination of free phosphate under the conditions of the assay. All reagents are stable at room temperature and the absorbance is measured at convenient wavelengths.
Identification of a region of RyR1 that participates in allosteric coupling with the α1S (CaV1.1) II-III loop

Abstract In skeletal muscle, excitation-contraction (EC) coupling and retrograde signaling are thought to result from direct interactions between the ryanodine receptor (RyR1) and the α1 subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor (α1S). Previous work has shown that the s53 region of α1S (residues 720–765 in the II–III loop) and regions R10 (1635–2636) and R9 (2659–3720) of RyR1 are involved in this signaling. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we here report an interaction between s53 and the sR16 region of RyR1 (1837–2168, within R10), whereas no interaction was seen using upstream residues of the α1S II–III loop (s31, 666–709). The specificity of the s53-sR16 interaction was tested by using fragments of the cardiac RyR (RyR2) and DHPR (α1C) that correspond to sR16 and s53, respectively. No interaction was observed for sR16 × c53 (α1C 850–897), but weak interaction was occasionally observed for s53 × cR16 (RyR2 1817–2142). To test the functional significance of the s53 × sR16 interaction, we expressed in dyspedic myotubes a chimeric RyR (chimeraR16) in which sR16 was substituted for the corresponding region of RyR2. ChimeraR16 was found to mediate weak skeletal-type EC coupling. To test the necessity of sR16 sequence for coupling, we used “chimeraR16-rev,” in which sR16 and a small upstream region of RyR1 were replaced by RyR2 sequence. ChimeraR16-rev did not differ from RyR1 in its ability to mediate EC coupling. Thus, interaction between residues 720–765 of α1S and residues 1837–2168 of RyR1 appears to contribute to but is not essential for EC coupling in skeletal muscle.
Geometric Effects on the Rib-Roller Contact in Tapered Roller Bearings

Modern industrial machinery is making increasing use of tapered roller bearings for shaft support systems. Tapered roller bearings combine the high radial load capacity of cylindrical roller bearings with the ability of ball bearings to accommodate thrust loading. This is accomplished, however, at the expense of increased geometric and kinematic complexity, with resultant stringent demands on manufacturing tolerance control. With industrial machinery being operated at ever increasing speeds to improve productivity and while manufacturing costs are increasing at a comparable rate, a balance must be effected between performance and geometry control in order to produce cost effective bearings. This paper concerns itself with the effects on bearing performance of certain design features, of tolerance control in manufacturing, and of wear under poor lubricating conditions for a specific point in tapered roller bearings. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASLE/ASME Lubricatio...
New Directions on Old Connections: Body/Soul, Flesh/Spirit, Self/Other

The articles in this special issue of Pastoral Psychology were presented as working papers at the fourth annual conference of the Group for New Directions in Pastoral Theology, which took place at Princeton Theological Seminary in Princeton, New Jersey on October 17-19, 2012. The papers presented at the three preceding conferences were published as articles in Pastoral Psychology (December 2010, June 2011, and August 2012). We are deeply indebted to Lewis Rambo, editor of Pastoral Psychology, for enabling us to publish the articles as a group. As our group continues to meet, we have an increasing sense that we are, in fact, a group—one in which we learn from one another. As in previous years, this conference had a theme: “New Directions on Old Connections: Body/Soul, Flesh/Spirit, Self/Other.” Our themes emerge from the concluding discussion of the previous year’s meeting in which participants are invited to propose the next year’s theme. Often, we have several proposals and these typically arise from our discussions of papers that have been presented. This year’s theme, however, emerged from a conversation that occurred in the minivan that several participants rode in together en route to Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia, the locus of our 2011 annual conference, a discussion that focused on the fact that Christianity has historically tended to emphasize the soul and the spirit (sometimes using these terms interchangeably) at the expense of the body or “the flesh.” Yet, the church has also understood itself as “the body of Christ.” When this discussion was presented to the other group members, there was general (although not unanimous) agreement that this could be the theme for the 2012 conference, with the proviso that we also include the relationship of “self” and “other,” thus affording members of the Pastoral Psychol (2013) 62:545–547 DOI 10.1007/s11089-013-0526-8
Hyperfine structure, isotopic level shifts, and pressure self-broadening of the7P2states of natural thallium by Doppler-free two-photon absorption

The hyperfine constants, isotopic level shifts, and a pressure self-broadening constant of the $7^{2}P$ states of $^{203,205}\mathrm{Tl}$ have been measured by the Doppler-free two-photon absorption technique. The hyperfine constant of the $7^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state is found to be greater than that of the $6^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state. This anomaly is tentatively attributed to a sign change in the promoted core $S$-electron spin-polarization contribution to the hfs as calculated by Fermi and Segr\`e for the $6^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state. The isotope shift of the $7^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state is 20% smaller than that of the $7^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state, confirming the nuclear volume effect of the ${p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ electron. At higher pressures line broadening is observed as the Tl density is increased.
Representations of Differential Operators on a Lie Group

In this paper we apply the theory of second-order partial differential operators with nonnegative characteristic form to representations of Lie groups. We are concerned with a continuous representation U of a Lie group G in a Banach space B. Let E be the enveloping algebra of G, and let dU be the infinitesimal homomorphism of E into operators with the Garding vectors as a common invariant domain. We study elements in E of the form P=∑1rX2j |X0 with the Xj,'s in the Lie algebra G. If the elements X0, X1,…, Xr generate G as a Lie algebra then we show that the space of C∞-vectors for U is precisely equal to the C∞-vectors for the closure dU(P), of dU(P). This result is applied to obtain estimates for differential operators. The operator dU(P) is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous semigroup of operators in B. If X0 = 0 we show that this semigroup can be analytically continued to complex time ζ with Re ζ > 0. The generalized heat kernels of these semigroups are computed. A space of rapidly decreasing functions on G is introduced in order to treat the heat kernels. For unitary representations we show essential self-adjointness of all operators dU(Σ1r Xj2 + (−1)12X0 with X0 in the real linear span of the Xj's. An application to quantum field theory is given. Finally, the new characterization of the C∞-vectors is applied to a construction of a counterexample to a conjecture on exponentiation of operator Lie algebras. Our results on semigroups of exponential growth, and on the space of C∞ vectors for a group representation can be viewed as generalizations of various results due to Nelson-Stinespring [18], and Poulsen [19], who prove essential self-adjointness and a priori estimates, respectively, for the sum of the squares of elements in a basis for G (the Laplace operator). The work of Hormander [11] and Bony [3] on degenerate-elliptic (hypoelliptic) operators supplies the technical basis for this generalization. The important feature is that elliptic regularity is too crude a tool for controlling commutators. With the aid of the above-mentioned hypoellipticity results we are able to “control” the (finite dimensional) Lie algebra generated by a given set of differential operators.
Carbon Dioxide Promoted H+ Reduction Using a Bis(imino)pyridine Manganese Electrocatalyst

Heating a 1:1 mixture of (CO)5MnBr and the phosphine-substituted pyridine diimine ligand, Ph2PPrPDI, in THF at 65 °C for 24 h afforded the diamagnetic complex [(Ph2PPrPDI)Mn(CO)][Br] (1). Higher temperatures and longer reaction times resulted in bromide displacement of the remaining carbonyl ligand and the formation of paramagnetic (Ph2PPrPDI)MnBr (2). The molecular structure of 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that this complex is best described as low-spin Mn(I) bound to a neutral Ph2PPrPDI chelating ligand. The redox properties of 1 and 2 were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and each complex was tested for electrocatalytic activity in the presence of both CO2 and Bronsted acids. Although electrocatalytic response was not observed when CO2, H2O, or MeOH was added to 1 individually, the addition of H2O or MeOH to CO2-saturated acetonitrile solutions of 1 afforded voltammetric responses featuring increased current dens...
Flow Properties of Aqueous Suspensions Containing Kaolins of Varying Degrees of Crystallinity

The influence of varying degrees of crystal perfection of several Georgia kaolins on the flow properties of aqueous systems containing these clays was studied. The fractionated clay samples were characterized with respect to clay mineral composition, crystallinity, surface area, and cation-exchange capacity. In general, results indicated that dilatant and associated properties were controlled by the degree of crystal perfection whereas the viscous and plastic properties, at a given water content, were usually dependent on particle size.
Agouti-related protein stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and enhances the HPA response to interleukin-1 in the primate.

α-MSH antagonizes many of the immune and neuroendocrine effects induced by inflammatory cytokines. Studies have shown that α-MSH attenuates the stimulatory effect of IL-1 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and plays a physiological role in limiting the HPA response to IL-1. Recently an α-MSH antagonist, agouti-related protein (AGRP), has been identified in the hypothalamus, which stimulates food intake by antagonizing the effects of α-MSH at specific melanocortin receptors. It is unknown whether AGRP can also modulate neuroendocrine responses to inflammatory cytokines. We have therefore examined the effects of AGRP on the HPA axis and on prolactin (PRL) at baseline and in response to stimulation by IL-1β in nine ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. In the first study, the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of 20 μg (n = 6) and 50 μg (n = 4) of human AGRP (83–132)-NH2 were compared with icv saline infusion. There was a significant stimulatory effect of 20 μg AGRP on cortisol release ...
The tyranny of the monograph and the plight of the publisher

Dans le domaine des sciences humaines, l'edition de monographies est en grand danger. Il est urgent que les editeurs, face a l'inflation du nombre de demandes de publication, effectuent un choix plus selectif
Characterization of trkB immunoreactive cells in the intermediolateral cell column of the rat spinal cord.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to characterize the trkB receptor immunoreactive (-ir) cells in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the upper thoracic spinal cord. Small trkB-ir cells (area = 56.1 ± 4.4 μm2) observed in the IML showed characteristics of oligodendrocytes and were frequently observed in close apposition to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-ir cell bodies. Large trkB-ir cells (area = 209.3 ± 25.2 μm2) showed immunoreactivity for the neuronal marker NeuN, indicating their neuronal phenotype, as well as for ChAT, a marker for preganglionic neurons. TrkB and ChAT were co-localized in IML neurons primarily in cases that had received in vivo administration of nerve growth factor (NGF). These findings reveal two different cell types, oligodendrocytes and neurons, in the IML of the spinal cord that show trkB immunoreactivity, suggesting their regulation by brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and/or neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). In addition, there is evidence that NGF may play a role in the regulation of trkB-ir preganglionic neurons in the IML.
Silyl-substituted π-allylnickel halides. A convenient synthesis of allylsilanes.

Abstract 2-Trimethylsilylmethyl-π-allylnickel bromide can be prepared cleanly in high yields from 3-bromo-2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)propene and Ni(COD) 2 . The reagent so generated reacts with a variety of organic halides, generating functionalized allylsilanes.
Modeling and simulation of a supercharger

A dynamic model is developed for simulating and predicting performance for superchargers of relatively arbitrary geometric configuration. A thermodynamic control volume approach and bond graph models are used to derive continuity and energy equations linking the various control volumes. Bond graphs also serve to study and understand the causal implications of laws governing flows between control volumes and system dynamics. Heat transfer is neglected. Simulation outputs include time histories of pressure, temperature, mass, and energy associated with each control volume, time histories of the various flows in the supercharger, and overall volumetric efficiency. Volumetric efficiencies are predicted over a wide range of speed/pressure ratio combinations and are within three percent of experimentally measured values. The simulation is used to investigate the sensitivity of supercharger performance to several key design parameters, including rotor-rotor separation, and rotor-housing and side plate clearance distances.
Postoperative morbidity associated with cesarean delivery among human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive women ☆

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the complication rates associated with cesarean delivery between human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive women with those among a matched group of human immunodeficiency virus–seronegative subjects. Study Design: We conducted a case-control study of 86 human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive women undergoing cesarean delivery between the years 1992 and 2000 at a large, urban teaching institution and a control group of 86 human immunodeficiency virus–seronegative women matched for age, race, year of delivery, and delivery indications. Data were analyzed with the χ 2 test and odds ratios. Among human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive women, complications were further stratified according to maternal disease status and use of antiretroviral therapy. Results: Human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive women were significantly more likely than control women to have minor postoperative complications (66.3% vs 41.8%; odds ratio, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-6.10), of which febrile morbidity was the most common (62.8% vs 42.7%; P =.003). There was no difference between the groups in the rate of major complications (9.3% vs 3.4%; odds ratio, 2.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-14.06). Zidovudine use was associated with a decrease in the maternal morbidity rate (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-1.03). Conclusion: Postoperative morbidity among human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive women undergoing cesarean delivery was not different from that in a matched control population. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:1108-11.)
Glycoproteins of Pneumocystis carinii: Characterization by Electrophoresis and Microscopy

Glycoproteins are integral components of cell-surface structure and participate in adherence of pathogenic microbes to host cells. We have initiated studies of the glycoproteins of Pneumocystis carinii. Biotin-conjugated lectins, followed by reaction with avidin-peroxidase, were used to detect glycoproteins in electrophoretically separated proteins of P. carinii and on whole organisms when using light microscopy. Glycoproteins of P. carinii were clearly different from rat cell glycoproteins. Multiple glycoproteins were present in P. carinii and exhibited intense reactivity to both concanavalin A and wheat-germ agglutinin. Those lectins that reacted with the electrophoretically separated proteins also stained both alcohol-fixed P. carinii and the extracellular granular material present only in P. carinii preparations. In electron micrographs of P. carinii, which were stained with colloidal-gold-labeled concanavalin A, we found that the lectin bound to the outer surface of the organisms and to the tubular extensions emanating from the exterior surface.
Virtuoso Business Mashups: building situational applications in record time

The workshop on Business Mashups presented a Web centric platform that brings people, process and data together without any coding in a hosted multi-tenant environment. It showed how to transparently integrate new ad-hoc processes, collaboration services and resources available on the Web so that companies can enable their power users to create, run and monitor Business Mashups by simply using a Web browser.
Recent evidence supporting psychologic and social risk factors for coronary disease.

Past epidemiologic studies of coronary disease have shown such variables as elevated blood pressure, elevated serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes and family history of coronary ...
On the efficiency of checking perfect privacy

Privacy-preserving query-answering systems answer queries while provably guaranteeing that sensitive information is kept secret. One very attractive notion of privacy is perfect privacy—a secret is expressed through a query QS, and a query QV is answered only if it discloses no information about the secret query QS. However, if QS and QV are arbitrary conjunctive queries, the problem of checking whether QV discloses any information about QS is known to be Πp2-complete.In this paper, we show that for large interesting subclasses of conjunctive queries enforcing perfect privacy is tractable. Instead of giving different arguments for query classes of varying complexity, we make a connection between perfect privacy and the problem of checking query containment. We then use this connection to relate the complexity of enforcing perfect privacy to the complexity of query containment.
Trends in Incident Hemodialysis Access and Mortality

Importance Based on evidence of survival benefit when initiating hemodialysis (HD) via arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG) vs hemodialysis catheter (HC), the National Kidney Foundation–Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative published practice guidelines in 1997 recommending 50% or greater AVF rates in incident HD patients. A decade after, lapses exist and the impact on HD outcomes is uncertain. Objective To assess the achievement of the practice goals for incident vascular access and the effects on HD outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the US Renal Data System. All patients with end-stage renal disease in the United States without prior renal replacement therapy who had incident vascular access for HD created between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2010 (N = 510 000) were included. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident vascular access use rates and mortality. Relative mortality was quantified using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Coarsened exact matching and propensity score–matching techniques were used to better account for confounding by indication. Results Of 510 000 patients included in this study, 82.6% initiated HD via HC, 14.0% via AVF, and 3.4% via AVG. Arteriovenous fistula use increased only minimally, from 12.2% in 2006 to 15.0% in 2010. Patients initiating HD with AVF had 35% lower mortality than those with HC (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.64-0.66; P P Conclusions and Relevance Current incident AVF practice falls exceedingly short years after recommendations were made in 1997. The impact of this shortcoming on mortality for patients with end-stage renal disease is enormous. Functioning permanent access at initiation of HD confers lower mortality even compared with patients temporized with an HC while awaiting maturation of permanent access. A change of current policies and structured multidisciplinary efforts are required to establish matured fistulae prior to HD to ameliorate this deficit in delivering care.
The Changing Personal and Professional Characteristics of Women in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Purpose In 1994, Risser and Laskin surveyed practicing female oral and maxillofacial surgeons and those in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) residency programs to determine the factors that attract women to the field, their attitudes toward the various aspects of the specialty, their current practice patterns, and any biases that they may have encountered. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there have been any changes since that report was published. Materials and Methods Invitations to participate in an online survey were e-mailed to all practicing female oral and maxillofacial surgeons and female OMFS residents in the United States. Results One hundred fifty-six of the 281 practicing surgeons (56%) and 60 of 111 residents (54%) responded. Fifty-eight percent of residents were single, whereas 63% of practitioners were married. Most residents were childless (88%), but only 46% of practitioners had no children. Residents were more racially diverse—only 58% Caucasian versus 75% for practitioners. Both residents and practitioners agreed that they were satisfied with the selection of OMFS as a career choice, 91% and 87%, respectively. The major attractions to the field in both groups included liking surgery in general, the combination of dentistry and medicine, and the challenges offered in the specialty. Both practitioners (61%) and residents (60%) still reported a bias against women in their residency. Twenty-nine percent of residents and 38% of practitioners also reported experiencing sexual harassment. Conclusions Since 1994, there has been a definite increase of women in both residency programs and practice. There is also greater diversity in both groups. The factors attracting women to the field continue to be relatively unchanged. However, there continues to be bias against women in the field, sexual harassment is not uncommon, and there is no evidence this has improved since 1994. Time commitment and social compromises remain the largest deterrents for women entering the specialty of OMFS.
Effect of altered flow on mitral valve anulus in dogs.

Abstract Stroke volume and cardiac output are accurately estimated by Doppler echocardiographic methods that rely on inflow velocities and orifice area of the mitral valve. 1,2 Changes in inflow velocities represent changes in flow, but this requires the assumption of a stable mitral anulus area. It is known that the anulus area decreases by an estimated 20 to 50% during systole, 3,4 but there are few data on the effect of altered filling on the anulus. This study determines the effects of flow increased with dobutamine or decreased with phenylephrine on the mitral anulus.
Steroids XXIII. Synthesis of Some Ring A-Fused Heterocyclic Steroids

Several ring A-fused heterocyclic steroids, which were prepared as potential anabolic agents, are described. These include steroids with triazole, tetrahydropyrazine, and benzothiazine rings fused onto positions 2,3 of a derivative of methyltestosterone.
In Vivo and in Vitro Effects of Antiinsulin Receptor Antibodies

Abstract We studied a patient with Acanthosis nigricans and the type B syndrome of severe insulin resistance. The patient's rates of basal glucose disappearance and appearance were both normal (2.2 and 1.7 mg/kgmin, respectively). FFA, betahydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate concentrations were stable at 0.8, 1.0, and 0.3 mM, respectively, during a 2-h saline infusion after an overnight fast, indicating continued presence of insulin-like activity (ILA) in her serum. Infusion of insulin at rates of 2.7 and 27 U/h, raising peripheral insulin concentrations from 1400 to 4000 and 6000 μU/ml, respectively, had no effect on glucose disappearance and appearance or plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and FFA, suggesting that the observed ILA was not caused by the patient's plasma insulin. To determine the source of the ILA we used the patient's serum containing antiinsulin receptor antibodies (AIRA) to study its acute (2 h) and chronic (24 h) effects on insulin binding and glycogen synthesis i...
Vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of methanol at 121.6 nm

Abstract Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodissociation of CH 3 OH and CH 3 OD at 121.6 nm was studied using high- n Rydberg atom time-of-flight (HRTOF) technique. The H-atom product TOF spectrum of CH 3 OH and D-atom spectrum of CH 3 OD have bimodal distributions. O–H (CH 3 O + H(D)) and C–H (CH 2 OH(D) + H) dissociations contribute to the fast component. The slow component corresponds to CH 2 O + H + H(D) production, mainly from three-body photodissociation, plus small contributions from secondary dissociation of CH 3 O and CH 2 OH(D). The CH 2 O + H + H formation is the major photodissociation pathway, with a branching ratio of (CH 2 O + H + H):(CH 3 O + H):(CH 2 OH + H) ≈ 1:0.25:0.15.
Activity of parasites from diptera: Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, and species of Fannia, Muscina, and Ophyra. II. At sites in the Eastern Hemisphere and Pacific area.

Parasitization of the house fly, Musca domestica L.; the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) ; and species of Fannia, Muscina, and Ophyra in animal dung is recorded at collection sites through portions of the Palearctic, Ethiopian, and Australasian Regions, and the Pacific area. Comparisons are made with similar collections in the Western Hemisphere. The importance of parasites (parasitoids) in host population regulation and their world exchange as biological control agents is discussed.
On routine colorimetric determination of trace nitrates, by brucine, in the presence of chloride

A colorimetric method was developed for the determination of trace nitrates in solutions containing up to 50 g 1−1 of sodium chloride. Beer's law applies, in such solutions for concentrations of up to 1 mg of NaNO3 per liter. Effects of sodium chloride concentration and time on the development of color were quantitatively evaluated with an overall error of about 4%. Temperature effects on solutions analyzed were found to be a major cause of inconsistencies in this otherwise satisfactory method.
Correlates of suicidal ideation among an elderly depressed sample.

Abstract Background: Suicidal ideation has been shown to be strongly associated with suicide completion and elders take their own lives more than any other age group. Methods: The present study examined clinical and phenomenological correlates of suicidal ideation among an elderly sample (n=167) derived from subjects enrolled in the Duke Clinical Research Center for the Study of Depression in Late Life. Results: Bivariate results indicated that clinical variables associated with psychomotor retardation, a history of dysthymia, a previous psychiatric in-patient stay, and being a ‘younger’ elder were related to greater suicidal ideation. Multivariate analyses indicated that feeling guilty, sinful, or worthless was associated with over six times greater odds of having suicidal thoughts. Limitations: Findings are based on correlational analyses, and thus, the direction of causality cannot be inferred. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for clinicians of some of the ‘red flags’ associated with the presence of suicidal ideation among depressed older adults.
Unusual flexoelectric effect in two-dimensional noncentrosymmetric sp2-bonded crystals.

We find, with the use of the first-principles calculations, that the single-atom-thick $s{p}^{2}$-bonded noncentrosymmetric crystals like boron-nitride (BN) sheet exhibit an unusual nonlinear electromechanical effect: they become strongly macroscopically polarized in a corrugated state (or it induces significant changes in an initially polarized state of a sheet like ${\mathrm{BC}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$). The direction of the induced polarization is in a plane of the film and depends nonanalytically on the corrugation wave vector $\mathbit{k}$. The magnitude of the polarization can reach very large values in spite of its quadratic dependence on atomic displacements due to BN sheets being able to tolerate very large mechanical strains, similar to carbon nanotubes, and this makes this general behavior of noncentrosymmetric bodies perturbed out of equilibrium quite unique. The effect may find various applications, in particular, in a new type of nanogenerators.
THE EXTRACTION OF NEODYMIUM AND SAMARIUM BY DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHORIC ACID FROM AQUEOUS CHLORIDE, PERCHLORATE, AND NITRATE SYSTEMS.

Abstract Equilibrium data were obtained for the systems Sm3+H+H2O1M D2EHPA-Amsco (hydrocarbon diluent) with chloride, perchlorate and nitrate as anions. It was observed that Sm was extracted from chloride media by the conventional ion-exchange reaction at low, moderate and high aqueous samarium concentrations. Equilibrium data for the perchlorate and nitrate systems differed considerably from the data for the chloride system due to the appearance of a second extraction reaction. The second extraction reaction involves the extraction of a neutral species. Separation factors for the SmNd-perchlorate system are shown as a function of aqueous lanthanide concentration and aqueous acidity. These data show that the reaction involving the extraction of the neutral species is much less selective between Sm and Nd than the ion-exchange reaction.
Airway immune homeostasis and implications for influenza-induced inflammation

The lung is exposed to a myriad of innocuous antigens on a daily basis and must maintain a state of immune ignorance or tolerance to these harmless stimuli to retain pulmonary homeostasis and to prevent potentially fatal immunopathology. Here, we examine how, in the lower airways, resident cell populations contribute to the immune regulatory strategies that restrain inflammation. During influenza infection, these suppressive signals must be overcome to elicit a protective immune response that eliminates the virus. We also discuss how, after resolution of infection, the lung does not return to the original homeostatic state, and how the induced altered state can persist for long periods, which leaves the lung more susceptible to other infectious insults.
Microtubule‐dependent transport of bile salts through hepatocytes: Cholic vs. taurocholic acid

Studies with taurine-conjugated bile salts have demonstrated two pathways for hepatocellular delivery of bile salts to bile: a cytosolic, microtubule-independent pathway and a membrane-based, microtubule-dependent pathway. However, a significant portion of circulating bile salts may be unconjugated. To determine whether free bile salts utilize similar pathways, we examined the effect of colchicine on the biliary excretion of intravenously administered cholic acid and taurocholate in intact rats. Basal rats were pretreated with low-dose colchicine or its inactive isomer, lumicolchicine, 1 hr before placement of intravenous and biliary cannulas and 2.75 hr before intravenous injection of [14C]cholic acid and [3H]taurocholate. Superfused rats were prepared as above but with intravenous infusion of taurocholate at 200 nmol/min 100 gm beginning 0.75 hr before [14C]cholic acid/[3H]taurocholate injection. Depleted/reinfused rats were subjected to biliary diversion for 20 hr before coichicine or lumicolchicine pretreatment, infusion of taurocholate and [14C]cholic acid/[3H]taurocholate injection. In each group, biliary excretion of [14C]taurocholate and [3H]taurocholate was inhibited equally by colchicine; for peak excretion rates the respective inhibition values were 33% and 35% in basal rats, 63% and 65% in superfused rats, and 74% and 76% in depleted/reinfused rats. Biliary excretion of [14C]taurocholate occurred consistently later than excretion of [3H]taurocholate, and maximal rates of excretion were reduced. In contrast, plasma uptake rates of [14C]cholic acid and [3H]taurocholate were essentially the same in depleted/reinfused rats. Deconvolution analysis of [14C]taurocholate vs. [3H]taurocholate biliary excretion curves revealed no significant differences among experimental groups. We conclude that conversion of [14C]cholic acid to [14C]taurocholate slightly retards its biliary excretion and diminishes its peak excretion rate compared with exogenous [3H]taurocholate. However, there appear to be no other differences in hepatocellular processing of the unconjugated and conjugated bile salts: taurocholate generated in the cytosol or taken up from plasma enters the same intracellular pathways for biliary excretion under different conditions. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:903-911).
Cutaneous Reactions to Rubber

Abstract The three major adverse cutaneous reactions to rubber include natural rubber latex allergy, irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. An overview of relevant aspects of the types of natural and synthetic rubber, rubber production, and specific chemicals used in compounding and vulcanization, as well as latex proteins is essential to an understanding of these reactions. Natural rubber latex allergy is a type I, IgE mediated, immediate hypersensitivity reaction to one or more proteins present in natural rubber latex with clinical manifestations ranging from contact urticaria to allergic rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis. Over the past decade, natural rubber latex allergy has become a major medical, occupational health, and medicolegal problem. Individuals at highest risk are patients with spina bifida and health care workers. Diagnosis is based largely on clinical history and examination, and serologic and intracutaneous testing. Irritant contact dermatitis is non-immunologic and...
Arachidonic acid and isolated human umbilical vein: Concentration-limited prostacyclin generation and absence of direct toxic effects on endothelial integrity

Abstract Previous studies show that administration of high doses of arachidonic acid to rabbits causes disruption of vascular integrity. To examine if similar changes would occur in isolated human vascular tissue, we treated human umbilical veins with arachidonic acid (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mM). Prostacyclin biosynthesis was quantitated in the supernatants and the endothelial integrity was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Prostacyclin synthesis was maximum at low concentrations (0.01 – 0.1 mM) with no additional increase with higher concentrations of arachidonic acid (1mM) confirming previous observations. There was no evidence for endothelial disruption with any concentration of arachidonic acid. This study shows that a) arachidonic acid has no direct effects on the vascular lining of isolated human umbilical vein, b) arachidonic acid-induced sudden death in experimental animals is not due to limitation of prostacyclin synthesis.
The ν9 fundamental of ethane: Integrated intensity and band absorption measurements with application to the atmospheres of the major planets☆

Measurements of the absolute intensity and integrated band absorption have been performed for the nu sub 9 fundamental band of ethane. The intensity is found to be about 34 per sq cm per atm at STP, and this is significantly higher than previous estimates. It is shown that a Gaussian profile provides an empirical representation of the apparent spectral absorption coefficient. Employing this empirical profile, a simple expression is derived for the integrated band absorption, which is in excellent agreement with experimental values. The band model is then employed to investigate the possible role of ethane as a source of thermal infrared opacity within the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn, and to interpret qualitatively observed brightness temperatures for Saturn.
Molecular cloning of a human gene that is a member of the nerve growth factor family.

Abstract Cell death within the developing vertebrate nervous system is regulated in part by interactions between neurons and their innervation targets that are mediated by neurotrophic factors. These factors also appear to have a role in the maintenance of the adult nervous system. Two neurotrophic factors, nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, share substantial amino acid sequence identity. We have used a screen that combines polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA and low-stringency hybridization with degenerate oligonucleotides to isolate human BDNF and a human gene, neurotrophin-3, that is closely related to both nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. mRNA products of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 genes were detected in the adult human brain, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the maintenance of the adult nervous system. Neurotrophin-3 is also expected to function in embryonic neural development.
Localization of NADPH oxidase subunits in neonatal sympathetic neurons

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger programmed cell death in neonatal sympathetic neurons that have been deprived of nerve growth factor (NGF), however, the source of these oxygen intermediates has not been established. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), the intracellular distribution of the subunits of the ROS-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase was examined in sympathetic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Optical sectioning using LSCM showed that gp91-phox and p22-phox co-localize in neurons at the cell membrane, while the p47-phox and p67-phox subunits are found uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of neurons maintained in the presence of NGF. Within 4 h after NGF deprivation, both the p47-phox and p67-phox subunits exhibit punctate staining in the cytoplasm and at the membrane. Furthermore, a sub-population of the cytosolic p47-phox appeared to co-localize with the membrane-bound gp91-phox in NGF-deprived neurons. These data provide support for the presence of NADPH oxidase in sympathetic neurons and suggest that this enzyme may become activated following the withdrawal of NGF.
Longitudinal Impedance Is Independent of Outflow Resistance

Background. Many investigators have measured outflow resistance (R) following peripheral bypass procedures, but correlations with graft patency have been weak. This is because the primary determinants of graft patency are the size and quality of the conduit, not its outflow bed. Efforts at separating conduit resistance from outflow resistance have been unsuccessful. Recently, the concept of longitudinal impedance (ZL) has been suggested as a measure of conduit resistance independent of outflow resistance. The purpose of this in vitro experiment was to test the hypothesis that ZL is independent of R within physiologically relevant ranges. Methods. Rigid polyethylene tubing of known internal diameter and length (4.3 mm, 375 cm) was perfused with a glycerin/saline mixture mimicking the viscosity of blood (4.1 cp), utilizing a variable pulsatile pump and Windkessel, with outflow into multiply branched tubes of decreasing diameter simulating the hemodynamic conditions of arterial bypass. Flow and pressure were measured using ultrasonic transit time and catheter transduction, respectively, and waveforms digitized at 200 Hz. Flow was varied while maintaining “systemic” pressure and resistance. After Fourier transformation, ZL was calculated as P/Q at each harmonic and integrated over 4 Hz. Results. ZL calculations were remarkably reproducible within the same day with a coefficient of variation (CV) 4.0% (at 100 dyne s/cm 5 ; n 4) or over 4 successive days (CV 4.3%). Furthermore, ZL was largely independent of R over the physiologic range tested, with ZL remaining relatively constant as R was increased sixfold. Conclusion. ZL is a consistent and reproducible measure of conduit resistance independent of R over a wide
Becoming a Possession‐Medium in South India: A Psychocultural Account

Possession-mediumship, the expected possession of a specialist by a spirit for the purpose of soliciting knowledge and assistance, is a form of divination which occupies an important place in the ethnomedical traditions of village South Asia. This article examines the institution and practitioners of possession-mediumship in the vicinity of a Jalari (Telugu fishing caste) village in coastal southeastern India. The practitioners include two Jalari women and two non-Jalari men. All four practice on behalf of Jalari patients. Although they employ similar diagnostic repertoires and mediumistic techniques, they vary considerably in their recruitment to and experience of possession-mediumship. Following a description of divinatory practices, the analysis focuses on ambivalence in the motherson relationship, arguing that, in some circumstances, its resolution may encourage development as a possession-medium.
Workplace Romance 2.0: Developing a Communication Ethics Model to Address Potential Sexual Harassment from Inappropriate Social Media Contacts Between Coworkers.

This article examines ethical implications from workplace romances that may subsequently turn into sexual harassment through the use of social media technologies, such as YouTube, Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, text messaging, IMing, and other forms of digital communication between office colleagues. We examine common ethical models such as Jones (Acad Manag Rev 16:366–395, 1991) issue-contingent decision-making model, Rest’s (Moral development: Advances in research and theory, 1986) Stages of Ethical Decision-Making model, and Pierce and Aguinis’s (J Org Behav 26(6):727–732,2005) review of workplace romance versus sexual harassment issues. The article makes a contribution by developing a new communication ethics model that includes response positive and response negative contingencies to guide decision-making about inappropriate social media contacts that spillover into the workplace. In addition, we recommend that human resource personnel take a more active role in communicating appropriate ethical rules of conduct concerning the use of social media technologies inside and outside the office.
Separations of proteins and proteolytic digests of proteins by capillary electrophoresis on superox-coated open tubular columns

Fused silica open tubular columns treated with Superox 0.6 and 4 for capillary electrophoresis were evaluated. Excellent separations of proteins were obtained. Column effeiciencies of over 700,000 theoretical plates were achieved for basic proteins. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) in migration times for these proteins were below 1%. Comparisons were made of the electropherograms of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-chymotrypsins. Three different protein digestion reagents were used to produce complex peptide mixtures for analysis: trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pepsin. Each reagent produced a unique mixture of peptides. Capillary electrophoresis was used to elute the peptides, yielding highly efficient and reproducible separations.
What Do We Really Want

Brian A. Nosek and Yoav Bar-Anan (NB; this issue) start a timely and comprehensive conversation about the possible shape of scientific communication in the 21st century. The conversation they bring...
Improved method for selenium determination in biological samples by gas chromatography.

Abstract A gas chromatographic assay employing electron-capture detection for the determination of selenium in biological samples is reported. A calibration curve of 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine derivative of selenium as a function of peak area was linear from 5–1000 pg. The limit of detection for the electron-capture detector was approximately 0.5 pg. Recoveries of selenium added to various biological materials ranged from 95–105%. This procedure reduces the number of transfers thereby reducing errors associated with losses or contamination. One advantage of the present method is that interfering compounds occurring in previously employed chromatographic methods are eliminated. This procedure can be used for routine microanalysis of selenium. Samples containing less than 2 ng selenium in 200 μl of biological fluid can be routinely analyzed using this method.
An Approach to Searching for Life on Mars, Europa, and Enceladus

Near-term missions may be able to access samples of organic material from Mars, Europa, and Enceladus. The challenge for astrobiology will be to determine if this material is the remains of dead microorganisms or merely abiotic organic material. The remains of life that shares a common origin with life on Earth will be straightforward to detect using sophisticated methods such as DNA amplification. These methods are extremely sensitive but specific to Earth-like life. Detecting the remains of alien life—that does not have a genetic or biochemical commonality with Earth life—will be much more difficult. There is a general property of life that can be used to determine if organic material is of biological origin. This general property is the repeated use of a few specific organic molecules for the construction of biopolymers. For example, Earth-like life uses 20 amino acids to construct proteins, 5 nucleotide bases to construct DNA and RNA, and a few sugars to construct polysaccharides. This selectivity will result in a statistically anomalous distribution of organic molecules distinct from organic material of non-biological origin. Such a distinctive pattern, different from the pattern of Earth-like life, will be persuasive evidence for a second genesis of life.