cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a four parallel wire anechoic chamber

An important electromagnetics problem in the VHF frequency range is to design an anechoic chamber for which an almost planar electromagnetic wave can propagate. This is a difficult anechoic chamber design problem because the free-space wavelength in this frequency range is exceedingly large; large and expensive anechoic chambers are required in order to create conditions for which a near electromagnetic plane wave can propagate. An anechoic chamber design which circumvents the problem of needing to use an exceedingly large anechoic chamber is described. It consists of placing four parallel wires within an anechoic chamber enclosure and exciting the four wires in such a way that a wave which is nearly a transverse electric and magnetic (TEM) wave will propagate from one end of the four-wire system to the other. The TEM nature of the wave accurately simulates the characteristics of a free-space plane wave. A simple model of a four-wire anechoic chamber without the inclusion of a matching taper at either end is shown. >
ADCC effector cells in a murine adenocarcinoma. I. Evidence for blood‐borne bone‐marrow‐derived monocytes

The origin and identity of effector cells for anti-body-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and/or growth inhibition (ADCC) found in the murine mammary adenocarcinoma T1699 were investigated. Non-phagocytic, non-adherent ADCC effector cells were identified in bone marrow, peripheral blood and the host fraction of the tumor but not from lymphoid organs. These cells were shown to be distinct from the specific growth-inhibitory "armed monocytes" also identified in situ. The ADCC effector cells possess low levels of EA Fc receptors and appear to express a macrophage-associated antigen. Both the bone-marrow and the in situ effector cells became phagocytic after overnight incubation, providing further evidence for the monocyte-macrophage lineage of these cells. The results suggest that bone-marrow-derived blood-borne monocytes are the principal ADCC effector cells localizing in the mammary adenocarcinoma T1699. The parallels between tumor-induced immunity and cellular resistance to infectious agents involving hypersensitivity reactions and blood-borne monocytes are discussed.
Network subsystem design

It is argued that the bandwidth of the CPU/memory data path on workstations will remain within the same order of magnitude as the network bandwidth delivered to the workstation. This makes it essential that the number of times network data traverses the CPU/memory data path be minimized. Evidence which suggests that the cache cannot be expected to significantly reduce the number of data movements over this path is reviewed. Hardware and software techniques for avoiding the CPU/memory bottleneck are discussed. It is concluded that naively applying these techniques is not sufficient for achieving good application-to-application throughput; they must also be carefully integrated. Various techniques that can be integrated to provide a high bandwidth data path between I/O devices and application programs are outlined. >
Lactate dehydrogenase: A polymorphism of Anoplarchus purpurescens Geographic variation in central California

Previous studies on the muscle lactate dehydrogenase polymorphism of the stichaeid fish Anoplarchus purpurescens in Puget Sound have demonstrated the existence of a clinal pattern of allele frequency. The LDH-A' allele was observed to increase toward the south, with several environmental factors showing correlation with this change in allele frequency. Populations from California were sampled in the present study to determine whether or not gene frequencies along an independent transect near the southern end of the species distribution are consistent with the interpretation that the geographic patterns reflect the influence of environmental factors. In California, the LDH-A' allele decreases in frequency to the south. This observation necessitates the reevaluation of possible environmental influences on the LDH polymorphism. Only one of several proposed hypotheses is completely consistent with the geographic patterns observed along both the Washington and California transects. However, the genetic differentiation along the California coast cannot be unequivically ascribed to the influence of environmental factors; current morphological data indicate the possibility of historical influences on the population genetic structure of California A. purpurescens.
Prefrontal and striatal activity related to values of objects and locations.

The value of an object acquired by a particular action often determines the motivation to produce that action. Previous studies found neural signals related to the values of different objects or goods in the orbitofrontal cortex, while the values of outcomes expected from different actions are broadly represented in multiple brain areas implicated in movement planning. However, how the brain combines the values associated with various objects and the information about their locations is not known. In this study, we tested whether the neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and striatum in rhesus monkeys might contribute to translating the value signals between multiple frames of reference. Monkeys were trained to perform an oculomotor intertemporal choice in which the color of a saccade target and the number of its surrounding dots signaled the magnitude of reward and its delay, respectively. In both DLPFC and striatum, temporally discounted values associated with specific target colors and locations were encoded by partially overlapping populations of neurons. In the DLPFC, the information about reward delays and temporally discounted values of rewards available from specific target locations emerged earlier than the corresponding signals for target colors. Similar results were reproduced by a simple network model built to compute temporally discounted values of rewards in different locations. Therefore, DLPFC might play an important role in estimating the values of different actions by combining the previously learned values of objects and their present locations.
Seventy-two tests of the sequential lineup superiority effect: A meta-analysis and policy discussion.

A decade ago, a meta-analysis showed that identification of a suspect from a sequential lineup versus a simultaneous lineup was more diagnostic of guilt (Steblay, Dysart, Fulero, & Lindsay, 2001). Since then, controversy and debate regarding sequential superiority has emerged. We report the results of a new meta-analysis involving 72 tests of simultaneous and sequential lineups from 23 different labs involving 13,143 participant-witnesses. The results are very similar to the 2001 results in showing that the sequential lineup is less likely to result in an identification of the suspect, but also more diagnostic of guilt than is the simultaneous lineup. An examination of the full diagnostic design dataset (27 tests that used the full simultaneous/sequential culprit-present/culprit-absent design) showed that the average gap in correct identifications favoring the simultaneous lineup over the sequential lineup—8%—is smaller than the 15% figure obtained from the 2001 meta-analysis (and from the current full 72-test dataset). The lower error rate incurred for culprit-absent lineups with use of a sequential format remains consistent across the years, with 22% fewer errors than simultaneous lineups. A Bayesian analysis shows that the posterior probability of guilt following an identification of the suspect is higher for the sequential lineup across the entire base rate for culprit presence/absence. New ways to think about policy issues are discussed.
Further investigations on the effect of dietary manipulation of protein, phosphorus, and calcium for reducing their daily requirement for laying hens

Experiments were conducted to determine the possibility of reducing the daily requirement of laying hens for Ca, available P (AP), and protein by providing the hens with adequate levels of these nutrients only during those hours of the day that the physiological need for these nutrients for formation of various components of the eggs are increasing. The results of the Ca experiment indicated that the daily Ca requirement cannot be reduced by providing the hens with adequate levels of Ca during the afternoon (1500 to 2100 h) and inadequate Ca level during the morning (0500 to 1500 h). Providing the hens with most of the daily Ca need during the afternoon did not have a beneficial effect on shell quality as compared to the control group that received a diet with 3.5% Ca during the morning and the afternoon. On the other hand, inadequate Ca intake during the afternoon adversely affected shell quality as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The AP experiment indicated that egg production performance and shell quality can be maintained satisfactorily as long as the daily intake of AP is adequate, regardless of whether most of the AP is consumed during the morning or the afternoon. Egg production and shell quality of hens fed a diet with 0.4% AP during the morning and 0.1% AP during the afternoon or 0.1% AP during the morning and 0.4% AP during the afternoon were not different than the control group that received a diet with 0.25% AP during the morning and the afternoon. The results of two protein experiments failed to indicate that egg production performance of laying hens can be maintained satisfactorily by providing them with an adequate level of protein (16%) only during the morning and inadequate level of protein (10%) during the afternoon or, conversely, compared to the control group that received a diet with 16% protein both during the morning and afternoon (P < 0.05). The supply of adequate protein with sufficient amino acids, during the morning and the afternoon, was required for satisfactory maintaining egg production performance. Under the conditions selected for the conduct of this study, the results of the current experiments, combined with those of a previous report, failed to support the hypothesis that satisfactory performance may be maintained by providing the hens with adequate levels of protein, AP, and Ca only during those hours of the day when the physiological need for these nutrients for formation of various components of the egg are increasing.
The industrial internship program at UCSD bioengineering

One of the important elements of undergraduate education is a practical experience in a bioengineering industry. This experience serves as a two way street, to expand the students experience and to educate industrial traditional fields about a modern bioengineering curriculum. In general, recent experience at UCSD has served to confirm the hypothesis, that placement of undergraduate students into industrial internship programs serves to expand the industrial base for the discipline.
Adverse consequences of glucocorticoid medication: psychological, cognitive, and behavioral effects

Glucocorticoids are the most commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressant medications worldwide. This article highlights the risk of clinically significant and sometimes severe psychological, cognitive, and behavioral disturbances that may be associated with glucocorticoid use, as well as ways to prevent and treat these disturbances. An illustrative case vignette is presented describing a patient's experience of cycles of manic-like behavior and depression while on high-dosage prednisone, with long-term cognitive disorganization, vulnerability to stress, and personality changes. Severe neuropsychiatric consequences (including suicide, suicide attempt, psychosis, mania, depression, panic disorder, and delirium, confusion, or disorientation) have been reported to occur in 15.7 per 100 person-years at risk for all glucocorticoid courses, and 22.2 per 100 person-years at risk for first courses. The majority of patients experience less severe but distressing and possibly persistent changes in mood, cognition, memory, or behavior during glucocorticoid treatment or withdrawal. Although prediction of such effects is difficult, risks vary with age, gender, dosage, prior psychiatric history, and several biological markers. Key mechanisms thought to underlie these risk factors are briefly described. Recommendations are given for identifying individual risk factors and for monitoring and managing adverse neuropsychiatric effects of glucocorticoids.
Prevailing patterns of the sound speed distributions in the environment ofthe Southern Baltic

The paper contains the results of experimental and theoretical research aimed at elaborating characteristic features of the acoustic conditions in the Southern Baltic. As there features are fully dependent on the hydrological conditions, the sound speed distribution is influenced by many factors and changes during the year. On the basis of hydrological data recorded from 1979 to 1991 by measurements at stations situated along the deeps of the Southern Baltic, the sound speed has been calculated using the procedure of Chen Millero recommended by UNESCO. The data were averaged in one-months periods and subjected to a detailed analysis of the speed vibrations during the year. The patterns of the sound speed distribution characteristic for every month have been determined. Research was also conducted to find to what extent the synoptic patterns of the sound speed distribution differ from the averaged respective data. To solve the problem, several synoptic distributions established in different seasons are compared with the averaged distribution. Difficulties in specifying the acoustical conditions of the Southern Baltic are augmented by the appearance of short-term local phenomena changing considerably the sound speed distribution in certain areas. Examples of such phenomena are presented in the paper. The paper is based on a large number of in situ measurement data presented in the form of diagrams.
A lifting-surface solution for vortex-induced airloads

Planar lifting-surface theory is applied to the problem of the loads induced on an infinite aspect-ratio wing by a straight, infinite, free vortex in a subsonic, compressible, freestream; the vortex lies in a plane parallel to the plane of the wing, at a given distance below it, and at an arbitrary angle with the wing centerline. The solution is obtained in the form of an aerodynamic influence function for an infinite aspect-ratio wing in an oblique, sinusoidal gust. The lifting-surface theory kernel function for this wing is presented. This kernel includes as limits the linear, aerodynamic kernel functions for the problems of steady, three-dimensional flow and unsteady, two-dimensional flow, and for the problems of incompressibl e, two-dimensional flow and transonic, three-dimensional flow. An approximate analytic expression is given for the lift influence function, suitable for practical use in the routine calculation of vortex-induced airloads.
Supporting sensory transduction: cochlear fluid homeostasis and the endocochlear potential

The exquisite sensitivity of the cochlea, which mediates the transduction of sound waves into nerve impulses, depends on the endocochlear potential and requires a highly specialized environment that enables and sustains sensory function. Disturbance of cochlear homeostasis is the cause of many forms of hearing loss including the most frequently occurring syndromic and non-syndromic forms of hereditary hearing loss, Pendred syndrome and Cx26-related deafness. The occurrence of these and other monogenetic disorders illustrates that cochlear fluid homeostasis and the generation of the endocochlear potential are poorly secured by functional redundancy. This review summarizes the most prominent aspects of cochlear fluid homeostasis. It covers cochlear fluid composition, the generation of the endocochlear potential, K+ secretion and cycling and its regulation, the role of gap junctions, mechanisms of acid–base homeostasis, and Ca2+ transport.
Assessing the Delivery of Cessation Services to Smokers in Urban, Safety-Net Clinics

Inequities in smoking behaviors continue to exist with higher rates among persons with limited formal education and for those living below the poverty level. This report describes the scope of tobacco cessation services delivered to low socio-economic status (SES) patients in several primary care medical offices, considered as “safety-net” sources of health care. Using a cross-sectional design, a random sample of records were reviewed for 922 smokers from 4 medical offices. The primary outcome variable was the delivery of smoking cessation services as documented in medical records; information on patient demographics and number of visits during the past 12 months was also abstracted. Smoking status was assessed during the last office visit for 65 % of smokers, 59 % were advised to quit, readiness to quit was assessed for 24 %, 2 % indicated a willingness to quit within the next 30 days and a quit date was established for 1 %. Among smokers not yet ready to quit, few were counseled on the “5 R’s” (Relevance, Risks, Rewards, Roadblocks, Repetition). These results expand our understanding of the unfortunately limited scope of cessation services delivered to persons seen in safety-net medical offices and call attention to the need to redouble efforts to more effectively address smoking cessation among diverse, low SES patients served by safety-net primary care clinics.
Software defects and their impact on system availability-a study of field failures in operating systems

Defects reported between 1986 and 1989 in the MVS operating system are studied in order to gain the insight needed to provide a clear strategy for avoiding or tolerating them. Typical defects (regular) are compared to those that corrupt a program's memory (overlay), given that overlays are considered by field services to be particularly hard to find and fix. It is shown that the impact of an overlay defect is, on average, much higher than that of a regular defect, that boundary conditions and allocation management are the major causes of overlay defects, not timing, and that most overlays are small and corrupt data near the data that the programmer meant to update. Further analysis is provided on defects in fixes to other defects, failure symptoms, and the impact of defects on customers. >
Mitochondrial DNA products among RAPD profiles are frequent and strongly differentiated between races of Douglas‐fir

Racial differentiation and genetic variability were studied between and within the coastal, north interior, and south interior races of Douglas-fir using RAPD and allozyme markers. Nearly half of all RAPD bands scored (13: 45%) were found to be amplified from mitochondrial DNA. They exhibited maternal inheritance among hybrids and backcrosses between the races, and were much more highly differentiated (GST = 0.62 for haplotype frequencies) than were allozymes (GST = 0.26). No evidence of hybridization or introgression was detected where the coastal and interior races come into proximity in central Oregon.
Drug-Loaded Nanoparticle Systems And Adult Stem Cells: A Potential Marriage For The Treatment Of Malignant Glioma?

// Brenda Auffinger 1 , Ramin Morshed 1 , Alex Tobias 1 , Yu Cheng 1 , Atique U Ahmed 1 , Maciej S Lesniak 1 1 The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA Correspondence: Maciej S Lesniak, email: // Keywords : Nanoparticle, drug delivery systems, stem cell carriers, malignant glioma, brain cancer, targeted delivery. Received : March 15, 2013 Accepted : March 24, 2013 Published : March 26, 2013 Abstract Despite all recent advances in malignant glioma research, only modest progress has been achieved in improving patient prognosis and quality of life. Such a clinical scenario underscores the importance of investing in new therapeutic approaches that, when combined with conventional therapies, are able to effectively eradicate glioma infiltration and target distant tumor foci. Nanoparticle-loaded delivery systems have recently arisen as an exciting alternative to improve targeted anti-glioma drug delivery. As drug carriers, they are able to efficiently protect the therapeutic agent and allow for sustained drug release. In addition, their surface can be easily manipulated with the addition of special ligands, which are responsible for enhancing tumor-specific nanoparticle permeability. However, their inefficient intratumoral distribution and failure to target disseminated tumor burden still pose a big challenge for their implementation as a therapeutic option in the clinical setting. Stem cell-based delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticles offers an interesting option to overcome such issues. Their ability to incorporate nanoparticles and migrate throughout interstitial barriers, together with their inherent tumor-tropic properties and synergistic anti-tumor effects make these stem cell carriers a good fit for such combined therapy. In this review, we will describe the main nanoparticle delivery systems that are presently available in preclinical and clinical studies. We will discuss their mechanisms of targeting, current delivery methods, attractive features and pitfalls. We will also debate the potential applications of stem cell carriers loaded with therapeutic nanoparticles in anticancer therapy and why such an attractive combined approach has not yet reached clinical trials.
Adsorption of l-glutamic acid and l-aspartic acid to γ-Al2O3

Abstract The interactions of amino acids with mineral surfaces have potential relevance for processes ranging from pre-biotic chemistry to biomineralization to protein adsorption on biomedical implants in vivo. Here, we report the results of experiments investigating the adsorption of l -glutamic (Glu) and l -aspartic (Asp) acids to γ-Al2O3. We examined the extent of Glu and Asp coverage as a function of pH and solution concentration (pH edges and isotherms) in solution-depletion experiments and used in situ Attenuated Total Refkectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to estimate the molecular conformations of the adsorbed molecules. Glu and Asp exhibited similar adsorption behavior on γ-Al2O3 with respect to pH and solution concentration. In general, adsorption decreased as pH increased. At low and high amino acid concentrations, the isotherms exhibited two apparent saturation coverages, which could be interpreted as 1:4 or 1:2 ratios of adsorbed molecule/surface Al sites. Tetradentate tetranuclear and bidentate binuclear species were the dominant conformations inferred independently from FTIR spectra. In these conformations, both carboxylate groups are involved in bonding to either four or to two Al surface atoms, through direct covalent bonds or via H-bonds. An outer sphere species, in which one carboxylate group interacts with a surface Al atom, could not be ruled out based on the FTIR spectra.
Quantitative judgments of color: The square root rule

Judgments of the appearance of colored papers blended with different proportions of white were obtained using a rotating color mixer. Responses consisted of a mark on a line labeled with the appropriate color name at one end and “white” at the other. Prior context was avoided by obtaining only single judgments. It was found for all six color displays that distance from the colored end of the line was proportional to the square root of the proportion of white present in the mixture. This square root relation is in keeping with the physical correlate theory and with other experiments involving gray papers, point sources, and luminous fields.
Enhancing attributional style as a protective factor in suicide

Abstract Background We applied Needles and Abramson (1990) recovery model of cognitive vulnerability to the suicide. Previous research has found that individuals who make global and stable attributions to positive events (an enhancing attributional style) are more resilient to depression and recover faster if they do become depressed. Building upon past research, we hypothesized that an enhancing attributional style would buffer the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. We also explored possible mediators of this effect. Specifically, we hypothesized that the reduction in suicidal ideation may be due to changes in depressive symptoms. Method Two hundred and nine diverse undergraduates participated in a four-week prospective study. Results Results of a moderated Poisson regression analysis demonstrate that enhancing attributional style buffers the relationship between baseline depressive symptoms and followup suicidal ideation, controlling for baseline depressive symptoms. A mediated moderation analysis using structural equation modeling did not support the hypothesis that the reduction in suicidal ideation was due to a reduction in depressive symptoms. Limitations Limitations include an unselected college sample with a low base rate of suicidal ideation, the use of self-report measures, and assessing only suicidal ideation not behaviors. Conclusions Results suggest that enhancing attributional style is a viable protective factor in suicide. Moreover, the buffering effect is due to direct reduction in suicidal ideation, rather than simply a reduction in depressive symptoms. Since attributional styles are modifiable, findings suggest that modifying negative attributional styles can be useful to prevent suicide in a clinical setting.
The Late Middle Devonian (Givetian) Global Taghanic Biocrisis in its Type Region (Northern Appalachian Basin): Geologically Rapid Faunal Transitions Driven by Global and Local Environmental Changes

The late Middle Devonian ‘Taghanic (Pharciceras) Event’ was originally named by Michael House for goniatite turnovers in the New York Appalachian Basin during deposition of the Tully Limestone; subsequently, it has been associated with the extinction of most of the long-lasting ‘Hamilton Fauna’ in this region. Stratigraphic and paleoecologic research in the type area has revealed at least three main faunal transitions, recognized as discrete bioevents: (1) replacement of much of the endemic ‘Hamilton Fauna’ (a subset of the Eastern Americas Realm) with the previously equatorial ‘Tully Fauna’ (a subset of the Old World Realm); (2) subsequent extermination of most of the ‘Tully Fauna’ and recurrence of the ‘Hamilton Fauna’, coincident with the eustatic sea-level rise termed the ‘Taghanic Onlap’; and (3) extinction of much of the ‘Hamilton Fauna’ and return of some ‘Tully’ taxa along with a further incursion of Old World Realm taxa during continued rise in global sea level. The Taghanic Biocrisis is currently recognized globally as a series of pulsed biotic transitions and extinctions, ultimately resulting in an end to previous faunal provinciality and appearance of a global cosmopolitan fauna. We review the current knowledge of these faunal transitions in the type area with respect to geologically rapid global and local environmental changes observed using a high-resolution stratigraphic framework across the entire onshore-offshore environmental gradient. Globally recognized environmental changes, specifically temperature increases, changes between arid and humid intervals, rapid sea-level fluctuations, and widespread black shale deposition account for the faunal transitions discriminated in the type area, but only in the context of regional basin dynamics associated with basin morphology and the degree to which estuarine-type watermass circulation patterns were operating, resulting in salinity variation as a dominant control on faunal distribution. Herein, we outline the interplay between global and local environmental changes that served as driving forces behind the local incursions and extinctions, including the demise of the long-stable ‘Hamilton Fauna’.
Proton transfer in concentrated aqueous hydroxide visualized using ultrafast infrared spectroscopy.

While it is generally recognized that the hydroxide ion can rapidly diffuse through aqueous solution due to its ability to accept a proton from a neighboring water molecule, a description of the OH− solvation structure and mechanism of proton transfer to the ion remains controversial. In this report, we present the results of femtosecond infrared spectroscopy measurements of the O−H stretching transition of dilute HOD dissolved in NaOD/D2O. Pump−probe, photon echo peak shift, and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments performed as a function of deuteroxide concentration are used to assign spectral signatures that arise from the OH− ion and its solvation shell. A spectral feature that decays on a ∼110 fs time scale is assigned to the relaxation of transiently formed configurations wherein a proton is equally shared between a HOD molecule and an OD− ion. Over picosecond waiting times, features appear in 2D IR spectra that are indicative of the exchange of population between OH− ions and HOD molec...
Germination of Small Legume Seeds After Fumigation with Methyl Bromide and Hydrocyanic Acid

Five species of small legume seeds (Ranger alfalfa, Medicago sativa; alsike clover, Trifolium hybridum; ladino clover, Trifolium repens; Kenland red clover, Trifolium pratense; and Viking birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus ) with a graded moisture range approaching 6%, 9%, and 12% were fumiaged with methyl bromide and hydrocyanic acid in 100-cubic-foot gastight chambers. Exposure periods, dosages of fumigant applied, and temperatures during fumigation were varied. One-half of the seed samples received one fumigation; the others were fumigated twice. Under the conditions of these studies, percentages of germination of alsike clover seeds were reduced by exposure to hydrocyanic acid; seeds of the other species demonstrated tolerance to this fumigant. Germination of Viking birdsfoot trefoil seeds was not impaired by fumigation with methyl bromide, but reductions in percentages of germination were observed in tests with seeds of Ranger alfalfa, alsike clover, ladino clover, and Ken land red clover after fumigation with methyl bromide under some conditions. Differences between species in susceptibility of seeds to fumigation with methyl bromide and hydrocyanic acid was recognized by variations in percentages of germination ranging from complete tolerance of some species to economic reductions in germination of others. Where reductions in germination occurred after fumigation of seeds, variables probably of most importance in contributing to injury of seeds during fumigation were length of exposure to fumigant, dosages applied, moisture content of seeds, and repeat fumigations.
"LOCK"ing up allergic responses with a Polish probiotic.

Three relatively new lactobacillus species that were developed from fecal samples of a 26-year-old woman (LOCK0900), a 6-year-old girl (LOCK0908), and a 5-year-old boy (LOCK0919) have been studied by Kozakova et al.1 in an attempt to define the mechanism by which the probiotics modify the allergic response. The researchers colonized germ-free (GF) mice with individual or combined strains and demonstrated a reduced allergic response to intraperitoneal sensitization with birch pollen allergen by evaluating intestinal lavage IgA, IgE, and IgG1/G2 levels. Increased Th1 versus Th2 cytokine responses in splenic and mesenteric lymph node cells were also observed. In addition, the ultrastructural appearance of the ileal tight junctions appeared to be improved with increased immunoreactive ZO-1 in the intestinal homogenate, suggesting an impact on the gut epithelial barrier.
Implication of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species, cytochrome C and caspase-3 in N -(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide-induced apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR) is currently used in cancer prevention and therapy trials. It is thought that its effects result from induction of apoptosis. 4HPR-induced apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma C33A cells involves enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study we explored the mechanism by which 4HPR increases ROS and induces apoptosis in these cells. 4HPR induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm, activated caspase-3, and caused a membrane permeability transition (MPT). All these 4HPR's effects, as well as the induction of apoptosis, were inhibited by antioxidants, which decrease ROS. Thenoyltrifluoroacetone, a mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex II inhibitor, and carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, which uncouples electron transfer and ATP synthesis and inhibits ROS generation by MRC, inhibited 4HPR-induced ROS generation very effectively. Rotenone, an MRC complex I inhibitor was less effective and azide, an MRC complex IV inhibitor, exhibited a marginal effect. In contrast, antimycin A, an MRC complex III inhibitor, enhanced 4HPR-induced ROS generation. These findings suggest that 4HPR enhances ROS generation by affecting a target between complex II and complex III, presumably coenzyme Q. This effect is followed by release of cytochrome c, increased caspase-3 activity, induction of MPT and eventual DNA fragmentation and cell death.
Foucault and Space, Territory, Geography.

Foucault’s engagement with space, territory and geography occurs throughout his work and in many different registers. Some components of this engagement are well known, such as his early remarks on heterotopias (other spaces) and the panopticon, while others such as the concern with territory are less often recognized. In some cases material from Foucault’s archives is only now yielding new insights, for example on urban spatial form. This essay will provide an overview of Foucault’s work on three interrelated but distinct concepts: space, territory and geography.
My experience as a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

At approximately 11 o'clock on the morning of Juanary 14, 1989, while at home with my wife and son, I experienced a sudden severe pain in the right side of my neck after mild exertion. Within minutes it progressed to a severe, unilateral, violent headache. I had never had one like it before, but I ignored it for about 3 minutes until I began to have nausea and persistent vomiting
The revenge of the Jinns: spirits, Salafi reform, and the continuity in change in contemporary Ethiopia

The point of departure for this article is a story about jinns taking revenge upon people who have abandoned earlier religious practices. It is a powerful account of their attempt to free themselves from a past viewed as inhabited by evil forces and about the encounter between contemporary Salafi reformism and a presumed disappearing religious universe. It serves to prove how a novel version of Islam has superseded former practices; delegitimized and categorized as belonging to the past. The story is, however, also an important source and an interesting entry-point to examine the continued relevance of past practices within processes of reform. Analyzing the story about the jinns and the trajectory of Salafi reform in Bale, this contribution demonstrates how the past remains intersected with present reformism, and how both former practices and novel impetuses are reconfigured through this process. The article pays attention to the dialectics of negotiations inherent to processes of reform and points to the manner in which the involvement of a range of different actors produces idiosyncratic results. It challenges notions of contemporary Islamic reform as something linear and fixed and argues that such processes are multifaceted and open-ended.
Not Working: Shared Services and the Production of Unemployment

Currently, even management literature warns that transitioning to a shared-services model is ‘not for the faint of heart’ (Schulman et al. 1999, p. xv). Implementation ‘can be a challenge’, admits Georgia Regent President Ricardo Azziz, ‘especially when the change may lead to redefining work responsibilities or the loss of a job’ (Azziz 2014). Nevertheless, university administrators across the USA are rushing to implement this latest idea in a spate of largely bad ideas adapted for use in higher education from the dubious example of private, for-profit corporations. Versions of the efficiency-oriented organisational structure have recently been introduced at the University of California–Berkeley, Yale University, University of Kansas, University of Texas, University of Michigan, and, in 2012, my own workplace—the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (CLAS) at the University of Florida (UF).
Complicity and Responsibility in the Aftermath of the Pinochet Regime : the Case of "El Mocito"

En 2010 va irrompre en l'escenari public xile una figura anomenada El Mocito , la imatge del qual va enterbolir les aigues de la memoria col·lectiva de la posdictadura. Jorgelino Vergara, un jove que en la seva adolescencia els servia el cafe al cap de la policia secreta de Pinochet i les seves secuaces, va complir labors als centres clandestins de detencio, particularment al notori centre de tortura del carrer Simon Bolivar 8.800. Entre el 2010 i el 2012, es va construir un arxiu al voltant d'aquest personatge menor de l'aparell repressiu xile: un arxiu que consistia en una representacio filmica ( El Mocito , de Marcela Said Cares i Jean de Certeau, 2010); un llibre (La danza de los cuervos, de Javier Rebolledo, 2012); i una representacio mediatica (l'entrevista que Tomas Mosciatti li fa a Vergara per a CNN Xile, juliol de 2012). Com es va representar al subjecte complice a l'espai public xile a 40 anys del cop d'estat de l'11 de setembre de 1973? Quins llenguatges van donar forma al subjecte complice i quines reflexions politiques i etiques sorgeixen d'aquests llenguatges?
Reading, Writing, and Revolution: Facilitating Social Activism in First Grade.

ABSTRACTThis article examines how teachers can develop a sense of social activism in students through critical multiculturalism. Drawing upon data from a nine-month participant observation study of a first-grade public charter school classroom in central California, this article highlights how teachers can integrate critical multiculturalism within an elementary classroom by connecting artists' lives to social issues to raise awareness of social injustices, promote critical reflection and consciousness, and develop a sense of social activism. Particular attention is paid to how teachers can incorporate this curriculum into their own classrooms.
Aging Effects on Time-Dependent Nuclear Plant Unavailability with Changing Surveillance Interval

Plant availability may decrease due to the aging of unrepairable or hard to replace components. A methodology is described to investigate the feasibility of reducing the surveillance intervals of repairable components to offset such a reduction in plant availability. The methodology is illustrated using the 2-train residual heat removal system of a pressurized water reactor.
Endogenous Dynamics of Multi-Agent Firms

A model is described in which large numbers of simple agents organize into groups that empirically resemble U.S. firms. The agents work in team production environments, regularly adjust their work effort, and periodically seek better jobs or start new teams when it is in their self-interest. Nash equilibria of the team formation game exist but are unstable. Dynamics are studied using agent computing at full-scale with the U.S. private sector (120 million agents). Stationary distributions arise at the aggregate level despite perpetual adaptation at the agent level. Such agent adjustments occur for microeconomic reasons without the need for external shocks.
Dynamics of low- and high-Z metal ions emitted during nanosecond laser-produced plasmas

Dynamics of metal ions during laser-produced plasmas was studied. A 1064 nm, Nd: YAG laser pulse was used to ablate pure Al, Fe, Co, Mo, and Sn samples. Ion flux and velocity were measured using Faraday cup ion collector. Time-of-flight measurements showed decreasing ion flux and ion velocity with increasing atomic weight, and heavy metal ion flux profile exhibited multiple peaks that was not observed in lighter metals. Slow peak was found to follow shifted Maxwell Boltzmann distribution, while the fast peak was found to follow Gaussian distribution. Ion flux angular distribution that was carried out on Mo and Al using fixed laser intensity 2.5 × 1010 W/cm2 revealed that the slow ion flux peaks at small angles, that is, close to normal to the target ∼0° independent of target's atomic weight, and fast ion flux for Mo peaks at large angles ∼40° measured from the target normal, while it completely absents for Al. This difference in spatial and temporal distribution reveals that the emission mechanism of the fast and slow ions is different. From the slow ion flux angular distribution, the measured plume expansion ratio (plume forward peaking) was 1.90 and 2.10 for Al and Mo, respectively. Moreover, the effect of incident laser intensity on the ion flux emission as well as the emitted ion velocity were investigated using laser intensities varying from 2.5 × 1010 W/cm2 to 1.0 × 1011 W/cm2. Linear increase of fast ion flux and velocity, and quadratic increase of slow ion flux and velocity were observed. For further understanding of plume dynamics, laser optical emission spectroscopy was used to characterize Sn plasma by measuring the temporal and spatial evolution of plasma electron density Ne and electron temperature Te. At 3.5 mm away from the target, plasma density showed slow decrease with time, however electron temperature was observed to decrease dramatically. The maximum plasma density and temperature occurred at 0.5 mm away from target and were measured to be 8.0 × 1017 cm−3 and 1.3 eV, respectively.
Ted Shawn’s Labor Symphony: aesthetic work and productive performance

Ted Shawn’s all-male modern dance company, Ted Shawn and His Men Dancers, toured extensively throughout the United States from 1933 to 1939 with the explicit goal of making concert dance a legitimate career for men. Shawn trained his dancers and choreographed their performances with careful attention to theme and movement aesthetic, proffering a version of modern dance meant to counter prevailing cultural prohibitions against men dancing. One of the company’s early works, Labor Symphony (1934), depicts the evolution of work from field to factory while critiquing the equation of the male body with labor power within capitalist economic systems; it also presents itself as labor, countering modern preoccupations with bodies enervated through repetitive movement or sedentary work, and with alienation from community through overly individuated tasks. The dance exemplifies Shawn’s novel movement aesthetic while expanding notions of productive labor by placing work itself in the context of performance. Emphasizi...
Transforming students into global citizens: International service learning and PRME

Abstract How can we encourage business students to become global citizens and responsible leaders as is advocated in the PRME Initiative? In this paper, we argue that one pedagogical approach is to give them an opportunity to collaborate with people from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds in a developing country through a faculty-led international service learning (ISL) course. The example ISL program summarized here provides students an opportunity to collaborate with others in developing countries as partners in applying both their own area of disciplinary study (e.g. business, health care, education) and other areas as well. Results show that faculty learn more about how to make the PRME principles more actionable as students view their role as global citizens much more deeply, broadly and personally after taking our international service learning course.
PHENOLOGY AND PHEROMONE TRAP MONITORING OF THE GRAPE BERRY MOTH, ENDOPIZA VITEANA CLEMENS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN MISSOURI

Seasonal phenology studies were conducted for the grape berry moth (GBM), Endopiza viteana Clemens, by collecting and evaluating larval populations and by monitoring adults with pheromone traps. Three full generations and at least a partial fourth generation of the GBM occur in Missouri. Field testing established that the GBM pheromone incorporated into rubber septa was quite stable. The following treatments did not change effectiveness of such septa for collecting GBM: (1) aging in the field for 10 weeks, (2) refrigerating for 2 years and (3) fresh. Most moths were caught in traps located around the periphery of the vineyard. GBM population dynamics were asynchronous among locations suggesting monitoring programs should be tailored to specific vineyards when implementing pest management programs.
Chapter 32 – Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment Affecting Erectile Function

Abstract It is well studied that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause derangements in hormones affecting patient population. We are now uncovering the EDC's connection to decreased levels of testosterone in adult males. Among EDCs, phthalates have been one of the most studied and show the strongest link to decreased testosterone. Given that upwards of 75% of the population have detectable amounts of phthalates in their urine, the impact of phthalates in men's sexual health is becoming increasingly studied. Although phthalates are linked to decreased testosterone, their role in erectile dysfunction (ED) is unclear. Current data do not support a clear link between phthalate exposure and ED. However, new data that stratify sample populations from the NHANES studies according to race and ethnicity do show a possible connection between phthalate levels and ED that warrants further investigation.
Catalytic Enantioselective Hetero-dimerization of Acrylates and 1,3-Dienes

1,3-Dienes are ubiquitous and easily synthesized starting materials for organic synthesis, and alkyl acrylates are among the most abundant and cheapest feedstock carbon sources. A practical, highly enantioselective union of these two readily available precursors giving valuable, enantio-pure skipped 1,4-diene esters (with two configurationally defined double bonds) is reported. The process uses commercially available cobalt salts and chiral ligands. As illustrated by the use of 20 different substrates, including 17 prochiral 1,3-dienes and 3 acrylates, this hetero-dimerization reaction is tolerant of a number of common organic functional groups (e.g., aromatic substituents, halides, isolated mono- and di-substituted double bonds, esters, silyl ethers, and silyl enol ethers). The novel results including ligand, counterion, and solvent effects uncovered during the course of these investigations show a unique role of a possible cationic Co(I) intermediate in these reactions. The rational evolution of a mecha...
The Entanglements of Uncertainty

This article revisits the theme of uncertainty in planning thought. I argue that to manage the punitive consequences of uncertainty we have to acknowledge it as a socio-material condition. Uncertai...
Phonons in Amorphous Solids

Lattice vibrations, or phonons, in crystalline solids have been studied since the beginning of the century1. Until about 15 years ago they were seen experimentally rather indirectly but since then, inelastic neutron scattering has made the direct measurement of phonon dispersion curves almost routine.2 The phonons in a solid are a basic ingredient in understanding such things as specific heat, melting, ferroelectricity and superconductivity. Phonons also occur in amorphous solids or glasses and play similar roles in determining their physical properties. It is therefore important to understand them from a fundamental, i.e. microscopic, viewpoint. It is only recently with the advent of good experimental data on simple systems that this has been undertaken and the subject is still in its infancy. In these lectures we will attempt to outline the progress that has been made and point out some of the problems that still remain.