cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new application of data-driven soft sensor: Estimating individual biomass in mixed cultures

Due to many advantages associated with mixed cultures, the application of mixed cultures in biotechnology has expanded rapidly in recent years. At the same time, many challenges remain for effective mixed culture applications. One of them is how to efficiently and accurately monitor the individual cell populations in a mixed culture. The current approaches on individual cell mass quantification are suitable for off-line, infrequent characterization of mixed cultures. In this work, we propose a fast and accurate soft sensor approach for estimating individual cell concentrations in mixed cultures. The proposed approach is the first to utilize absorption spectrum of a mixed culture sample measured by a spectrophotometer over a range of wavelengths. A multivariate linear regression model is developed to correlate individual cell concentrations to the spectrum. Two experimental case studies are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma: Maternal Trauma–Related Cognitions and Toddler Symptoms:

The purpose of this study was to elucidate possible cognitive mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of trauma from maltreatment-survivor mothers to their toddler/preschool-aged children. This study investigated whether maternal trauma-related cognitions-posttrauma appraisals and disorganized memory for maltreatment-were associated with higher levels of toddler internalizing and externalizing symptoms and more dysfunction in the mother-child relationship. A community sample of mothers with histories of maltreatment and a child between the ages of 2 and 5 years was recruited for a study on maternal attachment, coping, and health ( N = 113). Path analysis results showed that posttrauma appraisals and disorganized memory were significantly related to toddler internalizing symptoms, even with maternal trauma symptoms included in the model. Maternal posttrauma appraisals and disorganized memory were also linked to more dysfunction in the mother-child relationship. These findings provide preliminary evidence in support of maternal trauma-related cognitions as potential mechanisms for the intergenerational transmission of trauma.
Mechanism of apoptosis induction by chemical inhibitors of bcl-2 in acute leukemia cells

4864 Bcl-2 family proteins are key regulators of apoptosis and are known to promote tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Bcl-2 proteins are critical for cell survival and overexpressed in many tumors. ABT-737 is a small molecule BH3 mimetic that exhibits single-agent activity against lymphoma and small-cell lung cancer in preclinical studies. We here report that ABT-737 effectively kills acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blast, progenitor and stem cells at nanomolar concentrations without affecting normal hematopoietic cells. The BH3 mimetic induced the disruption of Bcl-2:Bax and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. ABT-737 works synergistically with chemotherapeutic agents such as ara-C and doxorubicin, but its activity was largely diminished in cells overexpressing Mcl-1 or displaying phosphorylated Bcl-2. NSF.N1/H7 cells stably transfected with phosphomimetic T69E/S70E/S87E (EEE) Bcl-2 mutants were resistant to ABT-737 (IC 50 >500 nM) as compared to cells expressing wt-Bcl-2 or the nonphosphorylatable T69A/S70A/S87A (AAA) Bcl2 mutants (IC 50s of 50 and 25 nM). Consistent with a mechanism whereby increased Bcl2 phosphorylation impedes ABT-737 suppression of Bcl2 dimerization with Bax, ABT-737 potently blocked Bcl2:Bax association in cells expressing exogenous WT Bcl2 and AAA mutant Bcl2 but not in cells expressing exogenous phosphomimetic EEE mutant Bcl2. Since the S70E phosphorylation site of Bcl-2 is a known ERK substrate, we examined combined effects of ABT-737 and MEK inhibitor PD98059 in OCI-AML3 cells resistant to ABT-737 alone. The combined activity of PD98059 and ABT-737 revealed a striking synergistic interaction between the MEK inhibitor and BH3 mimetic, with combination indices (CI) of 0.08±0.003. siRNA to Mcl-1 strikingly sensitized OCI-AML3 cells to ABT-induced apoptosis, suggesting that loss of Mcl-1 expression as a result of suppression of ERK may also be involved in the ability of PD98059 to enhance ABT-737-induced apoptosis. We have further demonstrated that ABT-737 reduced leukemia burden and prolonged survival of mice in an in vivo mouse model. These findings suggest that ABT-737 could be a highly effective anti-leukemia agent with a unique mode of action.
Oxytocin receptor genotype and low economic privilege reverses ventral striatum-social anxiety association.

Oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms, lower ventral striatum (VS) response to social stimuli, and lower economic privilege have been independently associated with depression and anxiety. How...
Up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin expression is accompanied with vascular repair after traumatic brain injury:

Recent data suggest that repairing the cerebral vasculature after traumatic brain injury (TBI) may help to improve functional recovery. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway promotes blood vessel for...
Red Pens, White Paper: Wider Implications of Coulthard’s Call to Sovereignty

Transcript of a roundtable conversation focused on Glen Coulthard's book Red Skins, White Masks .
Brazen: Big Banks, Swap Mania And The Fallout

For nearly two decades, countless non-profits in the U.S. were forced to pay big banks enormous sums of money to settle or terminate bilateral contracts known as Interest Rate Swaps (IRSs). Officials at non-profits had entered into these costly contracts unaware that each contract has only one winner, and that big banks did not intend to be the losers.
Surveillance After Curative Resection of Colorectal Cancer: Individualizing Follow-Up

The efficacy of aggressive surveillance programs for patients with colorectal cancer remains unproven. Although they have increased rates of resection, they have not reliably increased survival. For the majority of patients, intensive follow-up is not warranted as they have localized disease which is unlikely to recur after appropriate treatment, disseminated disease, or are poor candidates for additional surgery.
Development and Implementation of an End-of-Life Curriculum for Pediatric Residents.

Background:Caring for a child near the end of life (EOL) can be a stressful experience. Resident physicians are often the frontline providers responsible for managing symptoms, communicating diffic...
Deposition of Anthracene by Low Pressure Organic Vapor Phase Deposition

This work presents results of deposition of anthracene, an organic material, on typical substrates used in micro and nano systems such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass and silicon wafer. A low cost, low pressure organic vapor phase deposition chamber was developed and used to deposit the anthracene with different deposition parameters. Anthracene was also deposited onto ITO glass and silicon wafer coated with PEDOT:PSS. Our experimental results show controlled deposition using the chamber on the most common substrates. The deposited anthracene forms crystals after deposition and the uniformity and thickness of the deposited samples are measured and analyzed.
First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Simulations of UCln–NaCl (n = 3, 4) Molten Salts

Molten chloride salts are one of the two main choices to dissolve nuclear fuels for fast-spectrum molten-salt reactors, as a generation IV reactor design. Both U3+ and U4+ can stably exist in molte...
A single session of trip-specific training modifies trunk control following treadmill induced balance perturbations in stroke survivors.

Abstract Background Individuals with stroke are at significant risk of falling. Trip-specific training is a targeted training approach that has been shown to reduce falls in older adults and amputees by enhancing the compensatory stepping response required to prevent a fall. Still, individuals with stroke have unique deficits (e.g. spasticity) which draws into question if this type of training will be effective for this population. Objective Evaluate if a single session of trip-specific training can modify the compensatory stepping response (trunk movement, step length/duration, reaction time) of individuals with chronic stroke. Methods Sixteen individuals with unilateral chronic stroke participated in a single session of trip-specific training consisting of 15 treadmill perturbations. A falls assessment consisting of 3 perturbations was completed before and after training. Recovery step kinematics measured during the pre- and post-test were compared using a repeated measures design. Furthermore, Fallers (those who experienced at least one fall during the pre- or post-test) were compared to Non-fallers. Results Trip-specific training decreased trunk movement post perturbation. Specifically following training, Trunk flexion was 48 and 19 percent smaller on the small and medium perturbations at the end of the first compensatory step. Fallers (9 out of 16 subjects) post-training resembled Non-Fallers pre-training. Specifically, Trunk flexion at the completion of the first step during small and medium perturbations was not different between Fallers post-training and Non-Fallers pre-training. Still enthusiasm was tempered because Trunk flexion at the largest perturbation (where most falls occurred) was not changed and therefore total falls were not reduced as a result of this training. Significance Our results indicate that trip-specific training modifies the dynamic falls response immediately following trip-like treadmill perturbations. However, the incidence of falls was not reduced with a single training session. Further study of the implications and length of the observed intervention effect are warranted.
Communicating Hurricane Risk with Virtual Reality: A Pilot Project

AbstractLandfalling hurricanes in the United States can inflict extreme damage and loss of life. The latter, particularly, can be caused by a host of socioeconomic factors, including insufficient u...
Tree growth declines and mortality were associated with a parasitic plant during warm and dry climatic conditions in a temperate coniferous forest ecosystem.

Insects and pathogens are widely recognized as contributing to increased tree vulnerability to the projected future increasing frequency of hot and dry conditions, but the role of parasitic plants is poorly understood even though they are common throughout temperate coniferous forests in the western United States. We investigated the influence of western hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense) on large (≥45.7 cm diameter) western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) growth and mortality in a 500 year old coniferous forest at the Wind River Experimental Forest, Washington State, United States. We used five repeated measurements from a long-term tree record for 1,395 T. heterophylla individuals. Data were collected across a time gradient (1991-2014) capturing temperature increases and precipitation decreases. The dwarf mistletoe rating (DMR), a measure of infection intensity, varied among individuals. Our results indicated that warmer and drier conditions amplified dwarf mistletoe effects on T. heterophylla tree growth and mortality. We found that heavy infection (i.e., high DMR) resulted in reduced growth during all four measurement intervals, but during warm and dry intervals (a) growth declined across the entire population regardless of DMR level, and (b) both moderate and heavy infections resulted in greater growth declines compared to light infection levels. Mortality rates increased from cooler-wetter to warmer-drier measurement intervals, in part reflecting increasing mortality with decreasing tree growth. Mortality rates were positively related to DMR, but only during the warm and dry measurement intervals. These results imply that parasitic plants like dwarf mistletoe can amplify the impact of climatic stressors of trees, contributing to the vulnerability of forest landscapes to climate-induced productivity losses and mortality events.
Migrant Labour in the United States: Working Beneath the Floor for Free Labour?

This chapter argues that the combination of US employment and immigration laws create a system for the exploitation of immigrant workers that runs counter to the purpose of the Thirteenth Amendment to the US constitution. The chapter provides an overview to US employment and migration laws and then identifies specific problems raised for immigrant workers. The chapter then describes Thirteenth Amendment jurisprudence and shows how the current system of laws runs afoul of the amendments purpose.
An Artist's Privilege

This Article examines visual art in light of the letter and the spirit of the Constitution's Copyright Clause and the Copyright Act of 1976 ('Act') and concludes that artists should have the freedom to copy works, not only of popular culture, but of all kinds. In other words, people creating art should be permitted to copy anything and everything. This is not to suggest that copyright serves no purpose: destroying the copyright edifice merely to protect the ability of certain artists to create would be dangerous and foolhardy. Practical limitations on an artist's privilege to copy can be imposed to preserve copyright's incentives for creation.An artist's privilege to copy may at first seem extreme, but closer examination will reveal that both copyright theory and copyright owners can accommodate such copying. To test the proposed privilege, this Article will use a genre of art -- appropriation art -- that has gained some notoriety in the art and legal worlds because of its obvious and deliberate copying. Appropriation art will therefore serve as a paradigm; if the proposal can justify copying by an appropriation artist, then it will also justify less extreme copying. Let us begin, then, by examining two scenarios involving artistic appropriation as it is presently practiced.
A Case of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Associated Primary Progressive Aphasia (P5.3-038)

Objective: We describe a patient with CAA associated PPA that resulted in progressive language deficits. Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by deposition of beta amyloid protein in cortical and leptomeningeal arteries of the brain resulting in lobar microhemorrhages on MRI imaging. Patients can present with cognitive decline, lobar hemorrhages, seizures and small vessel ischemic infarcts. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disease variant of fronto-temporal dementia causing atrophy in the language dominant hemisphere and progressive language deficits. While there are some anecdotal reports of amyloid deposition in the Alzheimer’s variant of PPA, the association between the above two disease entities has not been established. Design/Methods: Case report Results: A 73-year-old Caucasian woman presented with 2 intraparenchymal hemorrhages in the left cerebellum (2006) and left temporal lobe (2009) over 3 years with no residual physical deficits. Over the next few years she experienced significant language impairment characterized by progressive semantic aphasia, difficulty following 3 step commands and ideomotor apraxia, difficulty with repetition and reading which met criteria for clinical logopenic PPA. Serial MRI scans from 2010- present have shown development of microhemorrhages in cortical areas, worsening superficial siderosis in bilateral hemispheres and progression of white matter hyperintensities consistent with CAA. In 2017 she had a distinct period of worsening of aphasia associated with CAA related inflammation that was treated with corticosteroids. Conclusions: This is a novel case reporting a distinct association between CAA and PPA as the patient started to develop isolated progressive language impairment with no physical deficits after her intracerebral hemorrhages. The clinical progression of her aphasia has correlated anatomically with the radiological progression of CAA. Further research is necessary to anatomically and pathologically identify the link between the two disease entities. Disclosure: Dr. Pauta Martinez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aubert has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mehndiratta has nothing to disclose.
The Effect of Seed Money and Matching Gifts in Fundraising: A Lab Experiment

Existing experimental studies find weak support for the theoretical prediction that matching leadership giving alleviates free-riding and raises more voluntary contributions for public goods relative to seed money. However, while most experimental studies use exogenous variations of the leadership gift, theoretical models allow for this choice to be made by a strategic lead donor. In order to provide a more direct test of the theoretical prediction, we conduct a laboratory experiment with three sequential strategic players: a fundraiser, a lead donor, and a follower donor. The fundraiser chooses between a matching and a seed money fundraising scheme, followed by sequential contributions by the two donors. We find that matching increases total contributions by almost 10% relative to seed money. Moreover, compared to seed money, matching results in lower contributions by the lead donor and significantly higher contributions by the follower donor, corroborating the theoretical prediction that matching alleviates free-riding by the follower donors. Interestingly, despite the effectiveness of the matching scheme, fundraisers in the lab solicit for a matching gift only one-third of the time.
Electromagnetic Field and Photons

The probabilistic treatment of the electromagnetic field in vacuum would have to be based on the results of Chapter 7 dealing with random fields. But the definition of a random field there proceeds, as should be the case in probabilistics, from the notion of a continuous concrete object regarded as the carrier of a field. This notion is, however, irrelevant to the case under consideration. Hence, it would be illogical to apply the results of Chapter 7 to the electromagnetic field, even though it obeys Maxwell equations, which allow one to think of it as a Hamiltonian random field. The equations of the electromagnetic field in vacuum can be reduced to the form given in Eqn. (7.46). This leads, when making use of the quantum approach, to the expressions of the form given in Eqn. (7.77) for the field energy values, which, in view of Eqn. (7.78),\(\alpha = \hbar ,{\text{ and }}{\lambda _j} = \omega _j^2{\text{ (}}{\omega _j} \) (ω j is the circular frequency of the corresponding plane electromagnetic wave), yields $$E = \mathop \sum \limits_j ({n_j} + \frac{1}{2})\hbar {\omega _j}. $$ (12.1) .
Multi-Grain Version Control in the Historian System

This paper describes Historian, a version control system that supports comprehensive versioning and features to aid history navigation. Comprehensive versioning is supported through frequent and automated creation of versions which typically results in a large number of versions. To reduce user overhead in history navigation, the hierarchical structure present in most documents is utilized to support fine-grained version control. The series of document editing operations is also organized hierarchically and can be used for navigation as well.
Universal Resource Locator

The sections in this article are 1 Background 2 Syntax and Semantics 3 Relative Urls 4 Related Naming Schemes
Making Intelligent Choices

Summary A critical outline, primarily for non-professionals, of some leading ideas and normative implications of “Bayesian Decision Theory”. Violations of the postulated transitivity of the chooser's preference relation are not necessarily symptoms of irrationality. Indeed, the overall normative constraint of “consistency” is too restrictive a guide for many real-life choices. Rational choice might perhaps be more usefully conceived as an informal art, rather than as the pursuit, in Bayesian style, of maximal expected utility. Resume Une description critique, destinee avant tout aux non-professionnels, de quelques idees directrices et implications normatives de la «theorie bayesienne de la decision». Le fait que la transitivite qu'on exige de la relation de preference du decideur soit violee ne doit pas ětre necessairement interpretee comme un signe d'irrationnalite. En effet, la contrainte normative universelle de «consistence» est un guide trop restrictif pour maint choix de la vie reelle. Le choix rationnel pourrait ětre plus utilement concu comme un art, et non comme une recherche a la Bayes de L'utilite maximale attendue. Zusammenfassung Es wird eine kritische Darstellung einiger Hauptgedanken und normativen Implikationen der Bayesschen Entscheidungstheorie vorgelegt, die sich vor allem an Nichtprofessionelle richtet. Verletzungen der postulierten Transitivitat der Relation, die das Vorziehen des Wahlers ausgedruckt, sind nicht notwendigerweise Symptome fur Irrationalitat. Die normative Forderung der durchgangigen Konsistenz ist in der Tat als Fuhrer in manchen aus dem Leben gegriffenen Wahlsituationen zu restriktiv. Rationale Entscheidungen sollten vielleicht in nutzlicherer Weise als eine Kunst und nicht als das Verfolgen maximaler, erwarteter Nutzlichkeit im Sinne Bayes' betrachtet werden.
Gapless singlet modes in the kagomé strips: A study through density-matrix-renormalization group and strong-coupling analysis

Recently, Azaria et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1694 (1998)] have studied strips of the kagom\'e lattice in the weak-coupling limit, where they consist of two spin-half chains on the outside weakly coupled to an array of half-integer spins in the middle. Using a number of mappings, they have arrived at the interesting result that in this system all spin excitations are gapped but there are gapless spinless modes. Here, we study these kagom\'e strips in the limit where the interchain couplings are comparable to the coupling to the middle spins by density-matrix-renormalization group and by a strong-coupling analysis. In the limit when the coupling to the middle-spin dominates, the five-spins of the unit-cell reduce to a single $S=3/2$ spin, and the overall system has well known gapless spin excitations. We study the phase transition from this phase to the weak-coupling phase. We also carry out a strong-coupling analysis away from the $S=3/2$ limit, where the five-spin blocks have four degenerate ground states with $S=1/2,$ which can be thought of as two spin and two pseudospin degrees of freedom. A numerical study of this strong coupling model also suggests a finite spin gap.
Effects of dew on millimeter-wave propagation

As the need for spectrum space increases, a greater understanding of atmospheric effects on signals at higher frequencies will be required. A brief description of atmospheric attenuation at millimeter-wave frequencies is presented with a focus on attenuation caused by water, the largest contributor of millimeter-wave attenuation. Dew on an antenna is a significant contributing factor to this attenuation, as is shown through experimental results.
NF1 Germline and Somatic Mosaicism

NF1 affects ~1/3,000 individuals, irrespective of gender or ethnic background, and as many as 30–50 % of these patients present as “sporadic” or “founder” patients. A small fraction of these “sporadic” patients present with mosaicism for a “first hit” NF1 mutation. The precise frequency of mosaicism in NF1 is unknown, but first estimates indicate it may affect ~10 % of the patients with a total gene deletion. Here, we provide an overview of the different forms of mosaicism: gonadal or germline mosaicism, gonosomal mosaicism affecting both gonads and somatic cells, and somatic mosaicism, which may be “generalized” in phenotypic appearance or “localized” with a “segmental” distribution. Revertant mosaicism is discussed as well, though it has not yet been demonstrated in NF1 patients. Molecular data reported in the literature, proving the presence of an NF1 “first hit” mutation affecting only a portion of the body cells, depending on the timing of the mutational “first hit” during development, are summarized and the mutational spectrum and phenotype identified in mosaic NF1 patients are reviewed. The implications of our current understanding of mosaicism for molecular diagnostics in NF1 are discussed.
Design of the stressed Ge:Ga far-infrared array for SIRTF

Stressed Ge:Ga is currently the most suitable detector type for very low background operation in the 115 to 200 micrometers range. Nonetheless, substantial advances have been required to develop stressed Ge:Ga detectors that work at the background limit in SIRTF. Both dark current and read noise have been improved significantly for the SIRTF devices. The design also takes account of space flight requirements such as the necessity to anneal the focal plane thermally using a minimum of cryogenic power dissipation, and the desire that any failures not propagate through an entire focal plane. The SIRTF 2 X 20 pixel focal plane will have dark current of about 200 e/s, read noise of 100 e rms, and responsivity > 7 A/W. As a result, even in the darkest parts of the sky, it will reach the background limit in less than 4 seconds of integration.
pH BUFFERING OF PORE WATER OF RECENT ANOXIC MARINE SEDIMENTS

A model is proposed to explain the relative pH stability in pore water of recent anoxic marine sediments. Oceanic data are not inconsistent iwth a model which assumes that the pH of the pore waters is controlled by the byproducts of organic decomposition, sulfate reduction, and precipitation of sulfide and carbonate. The model predicts that the pH of pore waters should remain in the range 6.9 to 8.3, which is in agreement with measured values.
Basic ventilator management : Lung protective strategies

Acute respiratory failure is manifested clinically as a patient with variable degrees of respiratory distress, but characteristically an abnormal arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen or carbon dioxide. The application of mechanical ventilation in this setting can be life-saving. An emerging body of clinical and basic research, however, has highlighted the potential adverse effects of positive pressure ventilation. Clinicians involved with the care of critically ill patients must recognize and seek to prevent these complications using lung-protective ventilation strategies. This article discusses the basic concepts of mechanical ventilation, reviews the categories of ventilator-associated lung injury, and discusses current strategies for the recognition and prevention of these adverse effects in the application of mechanical ventilation.
Calculated vibrational transition probabilities of OH(X2Π)

Abstract The theoretically derived dipole moment function of OH( X 2 Π) obtained by Stevens Das, Wahl, Neumann, and Krauss is used to calculate the absolute intensities of the vibrational-rotational transitions of the OH Meinel bands. The calculations take full account of the spin uncoupling and vibration-rotation coupling which markedly influence the radiative transition probabilities. The effect of lambda-doubling on the vibrational transitions is analyzed and generally found to be negligible. Results are tabulated for Δ v = v ′ – v ″ ranging from the fundamental transitions Δ v = 1 to the Δ v = 5 overtone, for v ′ = 1–9 and J ′ = 0.5 – 15.5. A comparison is made with available data, and various features of the OH spectrum are examined that are of aeronomical and experimental interest. Thermally averaged emission rates are presented for Δ v = 1–5, and the validity of the rotational temperatures commonly derived from experimental intensity distributions is questioned.
NATURAL HISTORY OF CONGENITAL PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION: FACTORS AFFECTING INTRAUTERINE TRANSMISSION • 729

NATURAL HISTORY OF CONGENITAL PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION: FACTORS AFFECTING INTRAUTERINE TRANSMISSION • 729
Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma.

Attention has to be focused on earlier detection of cholangiocarcinoma, especially in high-risk patients such as those with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Enhanced techniques for diagnosing this disease include imaging studies such as positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, and cytologic analysis including digital image analysis (DIA) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography have also improved and simplified preoperative staging. Despite recent advances in the endoscopic management of cholangiocarcinoma, this neoplastic disease is still fatal in the majority of patients. Surgical resection or liver transplantation offers the only possibility for curing this disease in its early stages. However, most patients present with advanced disease that is not amenable to such therapy. For those patients presenting with unresectable carcinoma above the cystic duct without intrahepatic or extrahepatic metastases, orthotopic liver transplantation combined with preoperative irradiation and chemotherapy is available and demonstrates improved survival on the basis of a recent study conducted at the Mayo Clinic. In the future, chemopreventive strategies aimed at blocking the links between inflammation (eg, nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and cylcooxygenase 2 [COX-2] inhibitors) and carcinogenesis may help prevent this often fatal disease in high-risk patients (eg, patients with PSC).
An information model for managing domain knowledge via Faceted Taxonomies

Faceted Taxonomies are often used for managing complex knowledge within a domain. They can be used as a reference model for bottom-up new information analysis and integration. This paper proposes a domain information model that quantifies the semantics (indexing concepts) of the faceted taxonomy nodes and uses them as indexer for integrating and managing knowledge such as software requirements. Through a working example, this paper shows how the indexing concepts and concepts in knowledge (indexed concepts) are associated via semantic similarity measurement and how the associations are used for managing domain knowledge, such as merging requirements.
Dynamic response tuning of composite beams by embedded shape memory alloy actuators

The thermomechanical performance of a shape memory alloy hybrid composite beam specimen is demonstrated and used in a preliminary validation study of a recently developed constitutive model and finite element formulation for analysis of such structures. A brief description of the thermoelastic formulation is given. A material system consisting of a glass/epoxy matrix with embedded Nitinol actuators was chosen for this study. Results from Nitinol material characterization testing, beam specimen fabrication processes, and base acceleration testing for measuring the dynamic response performance in presented. Selected results from the dynamic test are shown, interpreted, and compared with predictions form the FE model. Elimination of a thermal post-buckling deflection by the activated SMA was observed. The fundamental natural frequency is shown to increase by a facto of 5.3 and the RMS displacement response is attenuated by a factor 6.4. Preliminary comparisons between predicted and measured performance is good. Discrepancies are attributable to insufficient knowledge of the matrix material properties at elevated temperature.
Fate of liposuctioned and purified autologous fat injections in the canine vocal fold.

Injection of autologous fat obtained by liposuction has been reported as an augmentation technique for vocal fold paralysis. Unfortunately, it is not known whether this technique is associated with long-term graft survival. The purpose of this study, using a canine model, was to determine the volume of viable injected fat grafts when the tissue was harvested and processed by two different methods: 1. by liposuction alone, and 2. by "purification," i.e., excision of adipose tissue, followed by tissue homogenization and centrifugation in a buffering solution. The results of this study confirm that injected fat grafts survive long-term; however, the average volumetric "take" was only about 20%. Surprisingly, significantly more liposuctioned fat survived than grafts prepared by the purification method (P < .05). At 12 weeks, there was relatively little inflammation present in the tissues surrounding the injected fat, suggesting a stable fat graft volume.
Contribution of cones to the early receptor potential in the rhesus monkey.

IN the frog1 and human2 retinas the ERP is generated predominantly by the cone pigments, even though these pigments account for only a small fraction of the total visual pigment in these retinas. Brown3 has found that the ERP of the cynomolgus monkey, measured in small areas of the retina with microelectrodes, is governed by the local density of cones rather than by the local density of rods. The experiments reported here show that the ERP of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulata) originates predominantly in cones.
Incidence of Leukemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 Through 1989

Objective To determine the incidence of leukemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, for a recent 15-year period and to compare the data with reported rates for the previous 40 years. Design We conducted a population study of leukemia diagnosed between 1975 and 1989 in residents of Olmsted County by review of medical records identified through diagnostic indexes, death certificates, autopsy files, and histologic preparations. Material and Methods Diagnoses of leukemia were categorized into various subtypes, and age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated for leukemia as a whole and for each subtype. In addition, incidence rates were age- and sex-adjusted to the 1970 US white population for comparison with earlier published rates. Age and annual trends as well as sex differences were assessed with the generalized linear interactive model approach. Results During 1975 through 1989, the mean annual incidence rate for leukemia was 12.3 per 100,000 population in Olmsted County. When adjusted for age and sex, the rate per 100,000 was 13.6, in comparison with a similarly adjusted rate of 11.8 for the previous decade (1965 through 1974). The rates for chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia remained stable throughout the entire study period; however, rates for acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia increased, most prominently in patients 50 years of age or older. This increased rate occurred in both males and females, but the incidence rates for both subtypes began increasing earlier for males than for females. Conclusion Although we cannot rule out an actual increase in incidence rates for these types of leukemia in the elderly population, we believe that the increase in persons older than 50 years of age reflects social change in improved health care and its better utilization by elderly persons, as well as the ability to diagnose leukemia earlier than in the past.
The RHIC Project at Brookhaven National Laboratory

An overview and present status of the RHIC Project are presented with an emphasis on its superconducting magnets and cryogenic system.
Metabolic effects of converting enzyme inhibitors: Focus on the reduction of cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) by fosinopril

It is generally believed that the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has no effect on the lipid profile. Our recent data show that in patients with proteinuric renal disease, serum levels of total cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] may be lowered during treatment with an ACE inhibitor, fosinopril sodium. During a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study involving 26 patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment, fosinopril administration was associated with significant decreases in both urinary protein excretion and serum total cholesterol levels, whereas placebo was not. During a 6-week washout phase, both parameters returned to baseline in fosinopril-treated patients and remained unchanged in placebo recipients. In addition, fosinopril-treated patients had a decrease in plasma levels of Lp(a), whereas this was not seen in placebo-treated patients. When data from a subset of 13 patients with proteinuric renal disease and hypertension were examined, a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol levels was observed; this decrease reversed after discontinuation of fosinopril. Analysis of the effect of fosinopril on plasma Lp(a) levels in a subset of patients who had type II diabetes mellitus and overt proteinuria revealed a significant decrease in plasma Lp(a) after administration of fosinopril. Moreover, fosinopril lowered plasma Lp(a) levels in blacks, whose pretreatment levels were higher than those of whites with comparable degrees of proteinuria and levels of serum total cholesterol. Thus, the reduction in serum Lp(a) levels may be related not only to amelioration of proteinuria, but also to another direct action of fosinopril on the metabolism of Lp(a).
Enhanced MSC chondrogenesis following delivery of TGF-β3 from alginate microspheres within hyaluronic acid hydrogels in vitro and in vivo

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being recognized as a viable cell source for cartilage repair and members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily are a key mediator of MSC chondrogenesis. While TGF-β mediated MSC chondrogenesis is well established in in vitro pellet or hydrogel cultures, clinical translation will require effective delivery of TGF-βs in vivo. Here, we investigated the co-encapsulation of TGF-β3 containing alginate microspheres with human MSCs in hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels towards the development of implantable constructs for cartilage repair. TGF-β3 encapsulated in alginate microspheres with nanofilm coatings showed significantly reduced initial burst release compared to uncoated microspheres, with release times extending up to 6 days. HA hydrogel constructs seeded with MSCs and TGF-β3 containing microspheres developed comparable mechanical properties and cartilage matrix content compared to constructs supplemented with TGF-β3 continuously in culture media, whereas constructs with TGF-β3 directly encapsulated in the gels without microspheres had inferior properties. When implanted subcutaneously in nude mice, constructs containing TGF-β3 microspheres resulted in superior cartilage matrix formation when compared to groups without TGF-β3 or with TGF-β3 added directly to the gel. However, calcification was observed in implanted constructs after 8 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. To prevent this, the co-delivery of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) with TGF-β3 in alginate microspheres was pursued, resulting in partially reduced calcification. This study demonstrates that the controlled local delivery of TGF-β3 is essential to neocartilage formation by MSCs and that further optimization is needed to avert the differentiation of chondrogenically induced MSCs towards a hypertrophic phenotype.
Vigorous supplementation of a hypocaloric diet prevents cardiac arrhythmias and mineral depletion

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that a hypocaloric, nutritionally deficient, liquid protein diet is associated with potentially lifethreatening cardiac arrhythmias, which increased in frequency and complexity over the duration of the study. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the metabolic and cardiac changes associated with a hypocaloric, but otherwise nutritionally complete, diet. Six healthy, obese females from 154 to 182 percent of ideal body weight were evaluated in a metabolic ward for 48 days. The subjects ingested a weight maintenance diet during an eight-day period, which was followed by 40 days of an experimental diet containing 472 kcal of a mixture of protein (60 percent of calories), carbohydrate (25 percent), and fat (15 percent). This diet equaled or exceeded the recommended daily allowances for minerals, trace elements, vitamins, and essential fatty acids. The subjects were monitored for balances of nitrogen and minerals, as well as for the appearance of cardiac arrhythmias by 24-hour electrocardiographic recordings. Nitrogen balance was positive, and the previously demonstrated negative balances for potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were either reversed or markedly decreased. In contrast to our previous study, no arrhythmias were observed in subjects ingesting the present experimental diet, and no significant change in cardiac rhythm was found in 13 obese, but otherwise healthy, outpatients. The data, based on a limited number of subjects, suggest that a hypocaloric diet vigorously supplemented with essential elements, micronutrients, and vitamins appears to be safer than the once popular, incomplete liquid protein preparation.
What's Happening in Personnel Preparation in Transition? A National Survey:

The availability of professionals trained to design and deliver transition services is important to implementing the federal mandate for transition services. Yet, there is limited information avail...
Motion at isoluminance: discrimination/detection ratios and the summation of luminance and chromatic signals

Under some conditions, direction-of-motion thresholds are elevated with respect to detection thresholds for isoluminant chromatic stimuli. In the present study we investigated the effect of small luminance mismatches on ratios of direction-of-motion thresholds to detection thresholds (M/D ratios). The stimuli were 2 deg × 2 deg patches of a moving 1-cycle/deg, 2.75-deg/s sinusoidal grating, modulated spatially in luminance, chromaticity, or both. M/D ratios were close to 1 except when luminance modulation was <1%, defined with respect to the individual subject’s isoluminance point; in this range M/D ratios varied from 1.5 to 4.4. Sets of thresholds for both detection and motion tasks conformed approximately to ellipses. Thus, although motion processing shows a differential loss of sensitivity at isoluminance, similar summation rules appear to apply to the combination of luminance and chromatic signals for both tasks.
Growing Up Malay in Singapore

This article discusses the specific articulations of Malay identity for Malay secondary school students in one housing estate in Singapore. It focuses on the tensions and cultural processes in national identity formation as they affect Malay students. This discussion is facilitated through the juxtaposition of the concepts of Malay and non-Malay identity in Singapore. The article also deals with the issue of lower levels of achievement by Malay students. Schools in Singapore provide a myriad combination of choices for many students that result in interpretations and reinterpretations of identity based on situations that vary in place, participation and purpose. Being Malay in Singapore is a complex process that requires a negotiation of identity in the context of competing and sometimes conflicting models which change according to the situation. The choices presented to Malay school students reflect the same choices available in broader society; however, the school provides a common venue for those identity forms to interact. Being a Malay in Singapore is a compromise. The instances of this compromise are articulated on a continuum that runs from the hegemony of an overarching Malay ethnicity to the dissolution of this Malayness into a hybrid cultural identity. Lower performance may be an adaptive response for Malays in Singapore. The real issue may be that for many Malays, co-operation in the system of schooling means an acknowledgment of social inferiority.
Surgical management of traumatic aortic disruption

Background Acute traumatic disruption of the descending thoracic aorta is a life-threatening injury that requires emergent operative intervention. From May 1988 to August 1996, 27 patients have undergone surgical repair at our institution. Methods Diagnosis of aortic disruption was confirmed in all patients by aortogram prior to aortic repair. A Gott shunt was used in 24 patients (89%) and partial femoral-femoral bypass in 1 patient (4%) for distal perfusion. A clamp-and-sew technique was used in 2 patients (7%). Results Mean aortic clamp time was 44 ± 3 minutes (range 22 to 80 minutes) in patients with distal perfusion via a Gott shunt. One patient (4%) died within 30 days of aortic repair due to multisystem organ failure. Paraplegia occurred in 1 patient (4%). Conclusions With a disciplined, diagnostic and surgical approach for patients with traumatic disruption of the descending thoracic aorta, it is possible to achieve excellent outcomes. The use of a Gott shunt is a simple and effective method for distal perfusion during the repair of traumatic aortic rupture.
An experimental and numerical study on the face milling of Ti–6Al–4V alloy: Tool performance and surface integrity

Abstract This paper is concerned with the experimental and numerical study of face milling of Ti–6Al–4 V titanium alloy. Machining is carried out by uncoated carbide cutters in the presence of an abundant supply of coolant. Experimental analysis is conducted by focusing on the measurement of specific cutting energy, surface integrity and tool performance. The experimental analysis is supplemented by simulations from a 3D finite element model (FEM) of face milling simulation where needed. A tool wear model parameterized from FEM predictions of the tool–chip interface temperature, contact stress and chip velocity is presented. Tool wear patterns are described in terms of various cutting conditions and the influence of tool wear on surface integrity is investigated. Tool wear predictions based on the 3D FEM simulation show good agreement with experimental tool wear measurements. The highest cutting speed realized for the cutting tool material is 182.9 m/min (600 sfpm). Good surface integrity in terms of favorable residual stress and surface finish is achieved under the machining conditions used with limited tool wear. Residual stresses imparted to the machined surface are shown to be compressive.
Sex Role Attitudes in Dating and Marriage: A 15‐Year Follow‐Up of the Boston Couples Study

This longitudinal research investigated the personal and relationship correlates of sex role attitudes first during college and then 15 years later. The original sample of 231 college-age dating couples was studied intensively in 1972–1974, and individual participants were recontacted in 1986–1987. Results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the 10-item Sex-Role Traditionalism Scale. In college, significant links were found between sex role attitudes and dating relationships, including patterns of self-disclosure, power, and cohabition, but not relationship satisfaction. Fifteen years later, sex role attitudes assessed while in college were largely unrelated to general patterns of marriage, childbearing, and employment for either sex, but did predict women's educational attainment and the long-term outcome of the college romances.
Highly reduced MoO3/Al2O3 catalysts. II: Hydrogenolyses of cyclopropane, methylcyclopropane, and propane

The preparation of Mo(0)/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} by Mo(CO){sub 6}/DA;H{sub 3},300-500{degree};H{sub 2},650-950{degree} (Mo(CO){sub 6} deposited on highly dehydroxylated alumina, heated in flowing He to 300-500{degree}C and then in H{sub 2} to 650-950{degree}C) and by MoO{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3};H{sub 2},950{degree} give essentially equivalent results with respect to activity and selectivity in the hydrogenolyses of cyclopropane (CP) and methaylcyclopropane (MCP) at 100{degree}C and of propane at 250{degree}C. Thus, one can prepared metallic Mo on alumina by the easier and more flexible preparation from MoO{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. MCP undergoes single hydrogenolysis to isobutane and butane and double hydrogenolysis to (a) CH{sub 4} + C{sub 3}H{sub 8} and to (b) 2C{sub 2}H{sub 6}. The product ratio, butane/isobutane, is greater than unity which is uncommon on metals. After on to several pulses in a pulse reactor, catalyst samples were heated to 950{degree}C in flowing H{sub 2}. The amount of liberated methane gave the amount of carbonaceous deposit. With one to seven pulses of CP or MCP in H{sub 2}, (C atoms in deposit)/(C atoms in product) was 0.03-0.04 but only 0.007 with propane. Activities usually declined with pulse number, but selectivities changed little. The Mo(0)/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst is initially metallic molybdenum and metallic molybdenummore » is catalytically active.« less