cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous probing of cold complex molecules with infrared frequency comb spectroscopy

For more than half a century, high-resolution infrared spectroscopy has played a crucial role in probing molecular structure and dynamics. Such studies have so far been largely restricted to relatively small and simple systems, because at room temperature even molecules of modest size already occupy many millions of rotational/vibrational states, yielding highly congested spectra that are difficult to assign. Targeting more complex molecules requires methods that can record broadband infrared spectra (that is, spanning multiple vibrational bands) with both high resolution and high sensitivity. However, infrared spectroscopic techniques have hitherto been limited either by narrow bandwidth and long acquisition time, or by low sensitivity and resolution. Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS) combines the inherent broad bandwidth and high resolution of an optical frequency comb with the high detection sensitivity provided by a high-finesse enhancement cavity, but it still suffers from spectral congestion. Here we show that this problem can be overcome by using buffer gas cooling to produce continuous, cold samples of molecules that are then subjected to CE-DFCS. This integration allows us to acquire a rotationally resolved direct absorption spectrum in the C-H stretching region of nitromethane, a model system that challenges our understanding of large-amplitude vibrational motion. We have also used this technique on several large organic molecules that are of fundamental spectroscopic and astrochemical relevance, including naphthalene, adamantane and hexamethylenetetramine. These findings establish the value of our approach for studying much larger and more complex molecules than have been probed so far, enabling complex molecules and their kinetics to be studied with orders-of-magnitude improvements in efficiency, spectral resolution and specificity.
Study of hyperons with CLAS and CLAS12

Abstract Hadron spectroscopy and baryon spectroscopy in particular represents a large part of the experimental program with CLAS at Jefferson Lab. Within this program a substantial amount of data on hyperon production and properties has been accumulated. This includes photo- and electro-production of Λ and Σ hyperons and their excited states and also Ξ hyperons. Some of the highlights of this program will be presented together with plans to extend this program with CLAS12 after CEBAF upgrade to 12 GeV.
Preserving Law School’s Signature Pedagogy and Great Subjects

In this co-authored article, the authors argue that in their rush to reform legal education consistent with the recommendations of the Carnegie Foundation report "Educating Lawyers," law schools should not reject their signature Socratic Examination pedagogy or foundational first-year subjects. Tort law, contracts, criminal law, property law, and constitutional law are foundations for any civil society. The first-year curriculum of law schools prepares lawyers to become responsible citizens and effective practitioners. Socratic Examination as a signature pedagogy develops professional identity and advocacy skills. Law schools should balance reforms with valuing their current practices.
Superoptimal completions of triangular matrices

We construct the unique completion of a partial triangular matrix with compact operator entries that has the property that its sequence of singular values is minimal in lexicographical order among all completions. In addition some partial results regarding the singular values of this superoptimal completion are presented.
Magnetic Effect on the Phase Equilibria of FCC(Fe,Ni) Alloys at Low Temperatures

Phase stabilities of iron alloys at low temperatures are strongly infuenced by magnetic effect. The appearance of certain type of equilibria is often due entirely to magnetic contribution to the Gibbs energy of the pertinent phase. The appearance of the stable and metastable equilibria in fcc(Fe,Ni) alloys are discussed in terms of the magnetic interaction.
Monotonic Lagrangian Particle Grid: A Fast Tracking Methodology for Air Traffic Modeling

We are developing a dynamic global particle model to be used in a test-bed framework for evaluating approaches to global air systems control and optimization. The underlying algorithm is the Monotonic Lagrangian Grid (MLG), which is a data structure for storing and ordering particle positions and other data needed to describe N moving bodies. Particles that are close to each other in physical space are always near neighbors in the MLG data arrays, resulting in a fast nearest-neighbor interaction algorithm that scales as the number of particles. We present results from a series of test problems in which 4900 aircraft travel over a 2500 mi x 2500 mi area. In some scenarios, the aircraft travel a straight path to their final destination; in others, the aircraft must circumvent a restricted area. We test various empirical rules for the aircraft to avoid a no-fly zone and quantify the delay time for each case. Results indicate that delays due to collision avoidance only are relatively insignificant. When aircraft are rerouted to avoid a restricted area, the rules which govern the detour significantly affect the time in which the aircraft arrive at their final destination.
Activity of Herpetic Virus in Mice

Investigation concerning the nature and activity of the filtrable viruses is limited for the most part to animal experimentation until their cultivation without the body is a practical accomplishment. This limitation is increased further by the host specificity of some of the viruses. No suitable test animal has been found for the viruses" of encephalitis lethargica and varicella. Infectious myxoma and virus 111 appear to be specific for the rabbit. The filtrable chicken tumors grow only in chickens. Hog cholera, so far as our present knowledge extends, cannot be transferred to other animals. The guinea-pig is, apparently, the only animal which reacts to the salivary-gland virus. The polyhedral diseases of caterpillars are markedly specific, while the sacbrood virus affects only the larvae of honey bees and no other insect. Monkeys seem to be the only available laboratory animals which respond to the viruses of measles and poliomyelitis, at least to such an extent that they can be used for experimental purposes. South African horse sickness can be conferred to dogs with some degree of success. While the viruses mentioned above are specific or transmissible to only one other species, others infect a larger range of hosts. Borna disease of horses, for example, can be transferred to the monkey, rabbit, guinea-pig, rat and mouse. Cattle, sheep, goats and deer are known to be susceptible to the rinder-pest virus. Fowl pox and fowl plague are interesting virus diseases from the viewpoint of host specificity, since both are readily transmissible to a number of birds, but neither has been shown to produce symptoms in animals of another class. Foot-andmouth disease affects a large number of ruminants and also swine, dogs, cats and, according to some reports, chickens as well as man can become infected. The disease can be reproduced experimentally in the guineapig and perhaps in the rabbit. Rabies virus is thought to be capable of experimental transmission to practically all carnivorous animals and a large number of other mammals. Chickens, as well as frogs, have been reported as being susceptible to the experimental disease. Cowpox has a variety of hosts amongst the mammals, and in respect to this virus
Comparative Study on Renovation Schemes of Low Voltage Ride Through for Squirrel Cage Induction Generator Wind Turbine

With rapid increase of installed capacity of wind power in China,it becomes the necessary condition for grid-connected wind farms to possess the ability of low voltage ride through(LVRT),however traditional squirrel cage induction generator(SCIG) wind turbines do not possess LVRT ability.To solve this problem,criteria to evaluate different renovation schemes are put forward and several renovation schemes of LVRT for SCIG are analyzed and evaluated by the given criteria,and simulation study on some renovation schemes possessing higher feasibility is performed.Simulation results show that both renovation schemes utilizing dynamic voltage restorer(DVR) or improved power inverter can be used to implement the renovation of LVRT for SCIG wind turbines.Finally,movable LVRT test device is used to perform field testing for the scheme utilizing improved power inverter and the results of field testing conform to simulation results,thus the effectiveness of the renovation scheme is verified.
Methodology on Trial The Rhetorical Function of Toulminian Warrants in Expert Testimony

This article combines an adaptation of the Toulmin model of argument with a framework designed to analyze assertions of technology-related expertise in order to examine how expert witnesses fulfill...
Determination of tetrodotoxin in globefish by gas chromatographymass spectrometry

Ojbective:A method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine tetrodotoxin in globefish was established.Methods:Extracted with 2% acetic acid/methanol,defatted using hexane.Then alkaline hydrolysis was performed to change tetrodotoxin into 2-amino-6-hydroxymethyl8-hydroxyquinazoline(C9-base).Further cleanup using C18 cartridge and the purified residue was derivatized with BSTFA,the trimethylsilylated(TMS) C9-base quantitied using scan mode by GC/MS,Quantitied ion was 392.Results:In this way,the rates of recovey of tetrodotoxin were 51.2%～87.0%.The variation coefficients were 4.7%～6.6% when spiked with 0.25,1.0,5.0 mg/kg of the tetrodotoxin and the detection limit of tetrodotoxin was 0.05 mg/kg,respectively.Conclusion:The method of tetrodotoxin detection in globefish is simple,sensitive,accurate and it can be satifactorily applied to the sample analysis.
Non-caucasian rhinoplasty and adjunctive reduction cheiloplasty.

This article is based on 19 years of experience that includes more than 300 cases of reconstructive nasal surgery in non-Caucasians. The evolution of the author’s surgical technique is presented, as influenced by long-term effects of various surgical maneuvers. The adjunctive reduction cheiloplasty is also discussed.
Extracellular ATP regulates transcervical permeability by modulating two distinct paracellular pathways.

Extracellular ATP stimulates a biphasic change in transepithelial electrical resistance (R TE ) across cultures of human cervical epithelial cells: an acute decrease (phase I), followed by a delayed increase in resistance (phase II). The objective of this study was to determine the contributions of changes in the lateral intercellular space resistance (R LIS ) and the tight junctional resistance (R TJ ) to the changes in R TE . Phase I and phase II effects were uncoupled by treatment with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA)-acetoxymethyl ester, which blocks the ATP-induced increases in cytosolic Ca 2+ and abolishes phase I. BAPTA-loaded cells differed from control cells in that 1) phase I began when ATP was added, in contrast to a delay of 1.5-3.5 min in phase II, 2) phase I decreases in R LIS followed a simple exponential pattern, in contrast to the complex kinetics of phase II, and 3) the magnitude of phase II varied between 20 and 100% for increases of R TJ in day 2-6 cultures; the phase I decrease of 50% in R LIS was unrelated to different experimental conditions. These results indicate that phase I and phase II are induced simultaneously and independently by ATP, and they contribute to the total changes in R TE . We conclude that ATP regulation of R LIS and R TJ may be important mechanisms of modulating cervical mucus production in vivo.
Dietary status of lactating women. II. Relation of nutritional knowledge and attitudes to nutritional intake.

Do dietary practices follow a pattern of : Attitudes lead to knowledge which leads to behavior ; or does knowledge lead to attitudes which lead to behavior?
DEPICTION OF COMMON ENEMIES IN RELIGIOUS SPEECH: THE ROLE OF THE RHETORIC OF IDENTIFICATION AND PURIFICATION IN INDONESIAN RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS

The role of common enemies in speech on religious issues have contributed to religious tension, conflict and even violence in Indonesia. It will select the most representative and most frequently used key terms from religiously related speeches and other texts containing the portrayal of common enemies. Using Burke’s theories of identification, this paper will explain the important roles of common enemies in group unity and in achieving certain objectives. *** Peran musuh bersama dalam ceramah-ceramah agama telah memberikan kontri­busi untuk timbulnya tekanan, konflik, dan kekerasan di Indonesia. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah istilah-istilah kunci yang sering digunakan dalam ceramah maupun teks yang menggambarkan musuh bersama. Dengan menggunakan teori identifikasi dari Burke, tulisan ini akan menjelaskan peran penting musuh bersama dalam kesatuan kelompok dan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan tertentu.
Relevance of Changes in Serum Creatinine During a Heart Failure Trial of Decongestive Strategies: Insights From the DOSE Trial.

Abstract Background Worsening renal function (WRF) is a common endpoint in decompensated heart failure clinical trials because of associations between WRF and adverse outcomes. However, WRF has not universally been identified as a poor prognostic sign, challenging the validity of WRF as a surrogate endpoint. Our aim was to describe the associations between changes in creatinine and adverse outcomes in a clinical trial of decongestive therapies. Methods and Results We investigated the association between changes in creatinine and the composite endpoint of death, rehospitalization or emergency room visit within 60 days in 301 patients in the Diuretic Optimization Strategies Evaluation (DOSE) trial. WRF was defined as an increase in creatinine >0.3 mg/dL and improvement in renal function (IRF) as a decrease >0.3 mg/dL. When examining linear changes in creatinine from baseline to 72 hours (the coprimary endpoint of DOSE), increasing creatinine was associated with lower risk for the composite outcome (HR = 0.81 per 0.3 mg/dL increase, 95% CI 0.67–0.98, P = .026). Compared with patients with stable renal function (n = 219), WRF (n = 54) was not associated with the composite endpoint (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.77–1.78, P = .47). However, compared with stable renal function, there was a strong relationship between IRF (n = 28) and the composite endpoint (HR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.57–4.03, P Conclusion The coprimary endpoint of the DOSE trial, a linear increase in creatinine, was paradoxically associated with improved outcomes. This was driven by absence of risk attributable to WRF and a strong risk associated with IRF. These results argue against using changes in serum creatinine as a surrogate endpoint in trials of decongestive strategies.
SU-F-J-09: Radioactive Seed Localization for Breast Lumpectomy - Towards Optimization

Purpose: The aim of this work is to propose a method to optimize radioactive source localization (RSL) for non-palpable breast cancer surgery. RSL is commonly used as a guiding technique during surgery for excision of non-palpable tumors. A collimated hand-held detector is used to localize radioactive sources implanted in tumors. Incisions made by the surgeon are based on maximum observed detector counts, and tumors are subsequently resected based on an arbitrary estimate of the counts expected at the surgical margin boundary. This work focuses on building a framework to predict detector counts expected throughout the procedure to improve surgical margins. Methods: A gamma detection system called the Neoprobe GDS was used for this work. The probe consists of a cesium zinc telluride crystal and a collimator. For this work, an I-125 Best Medical model 2301 source was used. The source was placed in three different phantoms, a PMMA, a Breast (25%- glandular tissue/75%- adipose tissue) and a Breast (75-25) phantom with a backscatter thickness of 6 cm. Counts detected by the probe were recorded with varying amounts of phantom thicknesses placed on top of the source. A calibration curve was generated using MATLAB based on the counts recorded for the calibration dataset acquired with the PMMA phantom. Results: The observed detector counts data used as the validation set was accurately predicted to within ±3.2%, ±6.9%, ±8.4% for the PMMA, Breast (75-25), Breast (25–75) phantom respectively. The average difference between predicted and observed counts was −0.4%, 2.4%, 1.4% with a standard deviation of 1.2 %, 1.8%, 3.4% for the PMMA, Breast (75-25), Breast (25–75) phantom respectively. Conclusion: The results of this work provide a basis for characterization of a detector used for RSL. Counts were predicted to within ±9% for three different phantoms without the application of a density correction factor.
Spectral Splitting of Optical Pulses Inside a Dispersive Medium at a Temporal Boundary

We show numerically that the spectrum of an optical pulse splits into multiple, widely separated, spectral bands when it arrives at a temporal boundary across which the refractive index suddenly changes. At the same time, the pulse breaks into several temporally separated pulses traveling at different speeds. The number of such pulses depends on the dispersive properties of the medium. We study the effect of second- and third-order dispersion in detail but also briefly consider the impact of other higher order terms. A temporal waveguide formed with two temporal boundaries can reflect the temporally separated pulses again and again, increasing the number of pulses trapped within the temporal waveguide.
Study of active inductors with suspendance analysis

Finding node admittances with suspendance analysis is introduced in this paper. First, all dependent sources in a circuit are transformed to voltage controlled current sources. Second, the circuit determinant is recursively expanded by shunt followed by sequential passive elements in an order that yields the shortest sub-determinant lengths. Third, the contributions of cross coupled sources (if any exist) are added. A four-node active inductor is analyzed and characterized in this paper. Results fully match with those obtained from Spice simulation verifying the effectiveness of suspendance analysis.
Patterns of Family Visitation During Immigration Detention

The population detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement more than doubled between 2001 and 2013, swelling to over 477,000 individuals. Despite this growth, few studies analyze the experiences of detained immigrants. We draw from one of the first studies of detention in the United States, analyzing survey data from 565 noncitizens detained for six months or longer in California. Criminal incarceration literature finds that family visitation helps maintain social ties but is not evenly distributed. We analyze the predictors of contact and visitation with children during immigration detention. Results indicate that demographic background, the type of detention facility, and children’s legal status substantially affect contact and visitation experiences. Findings suggest that immigration detention replicates experiences of criminal incarceration and is perpetuating inequality in immigrant communities.
Institutional Experience with Ostomies Created During Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusion

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (CRS-HIPEC) is a complex procedure that often requires ostomy creation to protect high-risk anastomoses. This study aimed to evaluate the authors’ institutional experience with CRS-HIPEC-associated ostomies, determine predictors of ostomy creation and reversal, and assess their impact on survival. The study analyzed clinicopathologic, perioperative, and oncologic data from a prospective database of 1435 CRS-HIPEC procedures for peritoneal metastases. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate survival. Multivariate analyses identified associations with ostomy creation/reversal and survival. Ostomies were created in 34% of the patients, most commonly loop ileostomies (82%). Loop ileostomies were reversed in the majority of patients (83%), whereas non-loop ileostomies were infrequently reversed (< 10% reversal rate). In a multivariate logistic regression model, intermediate or high tumor grade, colectomy/proctectomy, longer operative time, and lower Charlson comorbidity index were associated with loop ileostomy creation, whereas incomplete macroscopic resection, colorectal histology, and major postoperative complications were associated with non-reversal of loop ileostomy. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, intermediate or high tumor grade and non-reversal of loop ileostomy were associated with worse overall survival. Loop ileostomies were almost always reversed, whereas non-loop ileostomies were almost always permanent. Hospital readmissions for loop ileostomy-related complications were common. Therefore, formal outpatient protocols for prevention and management should be implemented. Non-reversal of loop ileostomy was associated with very poor survival.
Differences are Different: Examining the Effects of Communication Media on the Impacts of Racial and Gender Diversity in Decision-Making Teams

Diversity can have positive and negative effects on team decision making. Text communication has been put forth as one solution to addressing this duality of team diversity. Unfortunately, the empi...
Semantics via Conceptual and Lexical Relations

We give a brief outline of the design of the English lexical database WordNet. The meanings of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are represented in terms of their relations to other (groups of) lexical items, with which they are interlinked by means of conceptual-semantic and lexical relations. A relational approach to the lexicon is particularly useful in studying discrepancies between the conceptual and the lexical inventory of a language and detecting lexical gaps. We compare WordNet’s semantic classification of the verb lexicon with a syntactically-driven approach like the one undertaken by Levin (1993). These two approaches do not always overlap in terms of yielding the same verb classes, but the relational approach, which structures verbs primarily into hierarchies and allows for nodes occupied by non-lexicalized concepts, can provide for more fine-grained structures that reconcile both semantic and syntactic classifications.1
Optical Frequency Stabilization at the 10 −16 Fractional Level Utilizing Ramsey-Borde Atom Interferometry

We demonstrate laser frequency stabilization at the $\pmb{10^{-16}}$ fractional frequency level in one second through spectroscopy on a 650°C calcium atomic beam. The calcium beam is interrogated with a cavity stabilized 657 nm laser arranged in a Ramsey-Borde configuration. A second laser at 431 nm reads off the final atomic state populations while allowing for high signal-to-noise. Limitations of this method are being explored and, and, based on current noise analysis, there is potential to achieve fractional frequency stabilities in the $\pmb{10^{-17}}$ range or below.
Porphyrin-Based Nanomedicines for Cancer Treatment

As unique molecules with both therapeutic and diagnostic properties, porphyrin derivatives have been extensively employed for cancer treatment. Porphyrins not only show powerful phototherapeutic effects (photodynamic and photothermal therapies), but also exhibit excellent imaging capacities, such as near-infrared fluorescent imaging (NIRFI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In order to take advantage of their robust phototherapeutic effects and excellent imaging capacities, porphyrins can be used to create nanomedicines with effective therapeutic and precise diagnostic properties for cancer treatment. In this Review, we summarize porphyrin-based nanomedicines which have been developed recently, including porphyrin-based liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, peptide nanoparticles, and small-molecule nanoassemblies, and their applications on cancer therapy and diagnosis. The outlook and limitation of porphyrin-based nanomedicines are also reviewed.
They’re all out to get me! Assessing inter-group competition among multiple populations

With the changing demography of the United States, there has been a significant growth in the literature focused on inter-group attitudes. While this has advanced our understanding of how pervasive...
A Taxonomy of Collaborative Writing to Improve Empirical Research, Writing Practice, and Tool Development

This article provides a taxonomy of, nomenclature for, and discussion of issues related to collaborative writing. Our goal is to enhance its research, improve its application in academia and industry, and help produce technologies that better support collaborative writing. To write collaboratively and build sup- portive technologies, practitioners and academics need to use a consistent nomenclature and taxonomy of collaborative writing. This article defines key collaborative writing terms and builds a taxonomy, including collaborative writing activities, strategies, control modes, work modes, and roles. This article stresses that effective choices in group awareness, participation, and coordination are critical to successful collaborative writing outcomes, and that these outcomes may be promoted through collaborative writing software, chat software, face-to-face meetings, and group processes.
Electrically controlled liquid crystal elastomer–based soft tubular actuator with multimodal actuation

Soft tubular actuators can be widely found both in nature and in engineering applications. The benefits of tubular actuators include (i) multiple actuation modes such as contraction, bending, and expansion; (ii) facile fabrication from a planar sheet; and (iii) a large interior space for accommodating additional components or for transporting fluids. Most recently developed soft tubular actuators are driven by pneumatics, hydraulics, or tendons. Each of these actuation modes has limitations including complex fabrication, integration, and nonuniform strain. Here, we design and construct soft tubular actuators using an emerging artificial muscle material that can be easily patterned with programmable strain: liquid crystal elastomer. Controlled by an externally applied electrical potential, the tubular actuator can exhibit multidirectional bending as well as large (~40%) homogenous contraction. Using multiple tubular actuators, we build a multifunctional soft gripper and an untethered soft robot.
Risky decision-making and delusion proneness: An initial examination

Abstract Delusion proneness is an individual-differences characteristic, existing on a continuum from no delusional thoughts to a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Previous research found individuals high in delusion proneness request less information to make decisions, potentially making a decision without sufficient information (jumping to conclusions). The present study examined risky decision-making as a function of delusion proneness. Participants (n = 102) completed the Peters Delusions Inventory to assess delusion proneness, and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Game of Dice Task (GDT) to assess risky decision-making. Although no significant results emerged on the GDT, those scoring higher in delusion proneness decided more advantageously on the IGT than those scoring lower in delusion proneness. Exploratory analyses indicated no significant relationship between gender and task performance. The present study provides further insight into risky decision making as a function of delusion proneness.
Sleep quality among college students: exploring the role of a divine locus of sleep control.

Abstract Objectives To explore (a) how perceptions of personal and divine control over one's sleep schedule combine in distinct ways to predict sleep quality among college students and (b) whether health behaviors and psychological distress mediate the associations between perceptions of sleep control and sleep quality. Methods We surveyed 1251 students attending a public university in South Texas. All measures were derived from self-reports. Binary logistic regression techniques were used to predict the odds of reporting high-quality sleep in the past month. Mediation analyses were used to decompose the estimated effects of perceptions of sleep control on sleep quality via smoking, drinking, and psychological distress. Results Compared to participants who reported both low personal control and low divine control over their sleep schedules, students who reported both high personal control and high divine control exhibited 148% greater odds of reporting high-quality sleep (odds ratio = 2.48; 95% confidence interval = 1.434-4.294). These same participants also showed the highest predicted probabilities of reporting high-quality sleep (22%) compared to students with other sleep control orientations. Mediation analyses indicated that reduced psychological distress partially accounted for these differences, whereas smoking and drinking behaviors did not. Conclusion College students who felt they and God both shared full control over their sleep schedules reported the highest quality sleep, which was partially explained by their lower average levels of psychological distress.
Citrus black spot detection using hyperspectral image analysis

A recently discovered fungal disease called citrus black spot, is threatening the Florida citrus industry. The fungal disease, which causes cosmetic lesions on the rind of the fruit and can cause a tree to drop its fruit prematurely, could possibly lead to a ban on sales of fresh Florida citrus in other citrus-producing states. The objective of this research is to develop a multispectral imaging algorithm to detect citrus black spots based on hyperspectral image data. Hyperspectral images of citrus fruits (Valencias) were collected in the wavelength range of 480 nm to 950 nm. Five surface conditions were examined, citrus black spot, greasy spot, melanose, wind scar, and normal one . The first part of the image analysis determined the optimal wavelengths using correlation analysis based on the wavelength ratio ( l 1 / l 2 ) and wavelength difference ( l 1 - l 2 ). Four wavelengths were identified, 493 nm, 629 nm, 713 nm, and 781 nm. In the second part, pattern recognition approaches namely linear discriminant classifier and artificial neural networks were developed using the four selected wavelengths as the input. Both pattern recognition approaches had an overall accuracy of 92%. The detection accuracy was improved to 96% by using the NDVI band ratio method of 713 nm and 781 nm. The multispectral image algorithm developed in this study haspotential to be adopted by a real-time multispectral imaging system for citrus black spot detection. Keywords: a ctivation energy, e ffective diffusivity, f oam-mat drying, f oam characteristics, m odeling , Shrimp
Scaling relationships between lake surface area and catchment area

Scaling relationships, including power laws, provide quantitative predictions used in basic and applied sciences. We investigated scaling relationships between catchment area and lake surface area, the ratio of which has important implications for terrestrial-aquatic linkages. Synthesizing evidence from 9 datasets from three continents, we show that there is an approximately linear relationship between lake surface area and catchment area, and that reservoirs and other human-made lakes tend to have larger catchments than natural lakes. Using the example of DOC export from forested catchments, we illustrate how the relationships observed in this study can be used to provide first-order estimates of ecosystem processes coupling lakes and their catchments.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Report of a case with 7 1/2 year follow-up.

A 29-year-old female patient had severe peptic ulcer disease associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome caused by a large islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. She was treated successfully for 44 months with large doses of anticholinergic drugs. After the removal of the pancreatic tumor, a 50% gastrectomy, and a vagotomy, there was marked reduction of gastric secretion, and the patient remained symptom-free for 44 months. She had two successful pregnancies, one prior to and one after the tumor had been removed. At her request, further pregnancies were prevented by an intrauterine contraceptive device. When peptic ulcer symptoms and gastric hypersecretion recurred, the patient was again explored. The pancreas appeared normal and no metastatic lesions could be found. At this time she had a total gastrectomy with colonic interposition. Serum gastrin levels, assayed on two occasions, approximately 2 years later, were elevated. Almost 3 years later the patient feels well, is working daily, and maintains her weight at 135 lb.
Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Amino Acid Derivatives Enabled by Ligand-Controlled Reversal of Hydrocupration Regiochemistry

A Cu-catalyzed enantioselective hydroamination of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds for the synthesis of β-amino acid derivatives was achieved through ligand-controlled reversal of the hydrocupration regioselectivity. While the hydrocupration of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to form α-cuprated species has been extensively investigated, we report herein that, in the presence of an appropriate ancillary chiral ligand, the opposite regiochemistry can be observed for cinnamic acid derivatives, leading to the delivery of the copper to the β-position. This copper can react with an electrophilic aminating reagent, 1,2-benzisoxazole, to provide enantioenriched β-amino acid derivatives, which are important building blocks for the synthesis of natural products and bioactive small molecules.
Kinetochore proteins suppress neuronal microtubule dynamics and promote dendrite regeneration

Kinetochores are quintessential mitotic structures that monitor microtubule connections to chromosomes. Here, it is shown that kinetochore proteins are required in mature neurons for normal regener...
KI67 AS A SURROGATE MARKER FOR MITOTIC KARYORRHECTIC INDEX IN NEUROBLASTOMA

Objective: To evaluate the use of Ki67 as a surrogate marker for Mitotic Karyorrhectic Index (MKI) in Neuroblastoma. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This was a retrospective study conducted at Department of Histopathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan. 41 cases of neuroblastoma from 2010 to 2014 were retrieved. Methodology: Forty one cases of neuroblastoma were evaluated. Clinical and morphological features like age, gender and subtype of tumor were quantified. For each case, Mitotic Karyorrhectic Index was calculated and categorized as low, intermediate and high. This was followed by immunostaining for Ki67 on each case. Using linear regression model an equation was derived to calculate ki67 from Mitotic Karyorrhectic Index. The equation was as follows: Mitotic Karyorrhectic Index = (Ki67 x 0.115) ± 1.355. Using this equation, the cut-off values for low, intermediate and high Ki67 were 23.0% respectively. Results: Twenty four cases had low Mitotic Karyorrhectic Index and in 18/24 cases, Ki67 was also low. There were 5 cases with intermediate Mitotic Karyorrhectic Index with two cases showing correspondingly intermediate Ki67 index. There were 12 cases with high Mitotic Karyorrhectic Index and 10/12 cases showed a high Ki67 index as well. Conclusion: Ki67 is a useful technique and may be used as an adjunct to Mitotic Karyorrhectic Index for better evaluation of cases.
Identification of factors affecting wear behavior of semi-hard cheeses

Abstract The objective of this work was to identify factors influencing cheese wear behaviors. Wear behaviors of cheeses with different fat contents (40, 50, 52, and 54 FDM) were evaluated at different normal forces (0.5 and 0.7 N), sliding speeds (30 and 50 mm/s), and temperatures (5, 15, and 25 °C) every 15 d up to 60 d. All cheeses showed highest mass loss at 15 °C compared to that at 5 °C and 25 °C, while higher penetration depth was observed at 25 °C. Impact of normal force on mass loss and penetration depth was different at temperatures. Penetration depth and mass loss were greater at higher sliding speed in all cheeses but C54. Both mass loss and penetration depth increased with increasing aging time. Based on a box plot prediction model, cheeses with mass loss between 0.07 and 0.12 g were classified as “good sliceability”; mass loss above this range denoted “poor sliceability”.
Bomberman: Defining and Defeating Hardware Ticking Timebombs at Design-time

To cope with ever-increasing design complexities, integrated circuit designers increase both the size of their design teams and their reliance on third-party intellectual property (IP). Both come at the expense of trust: it is computationally infeasible to exhaustively verify that a design is free of all possible malicious modifications (i.e., hardware Trojans). Making matters worse, unlike software, hardware modifications are permanent: there is no "patching" mechanism for hardware; and powerful: they serve as a foothold for subverting software that sits above.To counter this threat, prior work uses both static and dynamic analysis techniques to verify hardware designs are Trojan-free. Unfortunately, researchers continue to reveal weaknesses in these "one-size-fits-all", heuristic-based approaches. Instead of attempting to detect all possible hardware Trojans, we take the first step in addressing the hardware Trojan threat in a divide-and-conquer fashion: defining and eliminating Ticking Timebomb Trojans (TTTs), forcing attackers to implement larger Trojan designs detectable via existing verification and side-channel defenses. Like many system-level software defenses (e.g., Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) and Data Execution Prevention (DEP)), our goal is to systematically constrict the hardware attacker’s design space.First, we construct a definition of TTTs derived from their functional behavior. Next, we translate this definition into fundamental components required to realize TTT behavior in hardware. Using these components, we expand the set of all known TTTs to a total of six variants—including unseen variants. Leveraging our definition, we design and implement a TTT-specific dynamic verification toolchain extension, called Bomber-man. Using four real-world hardware designs, we demonstrate Bomberman’s ability to detect all TTT variants, where previous defenses fail, with <1.2% false positives.
Invest now, drink later, spend never: On the mental accounting of delayed consumption

Monetary transactions in which consumption is temporally separated from purchase naturally lend themselves to multiple frames and to alternative accounting schemes, which nonetheless maintain a modicum of discipline and authenticity. We investigate some of the relevant accounting rules, and find that advanced purchases (e.g., a case of wine) are typically treated as ‘‘investments’’ rather than spending. At the same time, consumption of a good purchased earlier and used as planned (a wine bottle opened for dinner) is often coded as ‘‘free’’, or even as savings. However, when it is not consumed as planned (a bottle is dropped and broken), then the relevant account, long dormant, is resuscitated and costs associated with the event are perceived as the cost of replacing the good, especially if replacement is actually likely. Related phenomena and assorted implications are discussed.
Matrix isolation study of the vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of methyl cyanide: Vibrational and electronic spectra of the CNC free radical

Abstract Visible-ultraviolet spectra of CH3CN deposited in an argon matrix at 14 K with concurrent 1216-A photolysis show prominent absorptions of CN and CNC and weak absorptions of CCN. The far infrared spectra of deposits made using similar experimental conditions show a peak at 134 cm−1 which has tentatively been assigned to the lowest frequency component of the bending fundamental of ground-state CNC, split by strong Renner-Teller interaction. Detailed isotopic substitution studies have confirmed the assignment of a prominent absorption at 1453 cm−1 and of its satellite at 1461 cm−1 to the previously unidentified antisymmetric stretching fundamental, ν3, of CNC. The stretching force constant for this molecule is estimated to lie between 8.0 and 8.5 × 102 N · m−1 and the stretching-interaction force constant between +2.5 and +3.0 × 102 N · m−1. Consideration of the photoprocesses important in these experiments suggests that CNC is formed primarily by photodissociation of CCN and cage recombination of the resulting C + CN.
Submarine Strombolian Eruptions on the Gorda Mid-Ocean Ridge

Compositionally variable limu o Pele occurs in widely distributed sediments collected during ROV Tiburon dives along the Gorda Ridge axis. The fragments formed deeper than the critical depth of seawater and are unlikely to be formed by supercritical expansion of seawater upon heating in contact with hot lava. Discharge of CO 2 through erupting lava is the most likely way to make such bubbles at >298 bars pressure. The distribution and composition of limu o Pele fragments indicate that low-energy strombolian activity is a common, although minor, component of eruptions along mid-ocean ridges. Combined dissolved and exsolved volatile contents of N-MORB from the Gorda Ridge with 12.8-15.6% spherical vesicles are about 0.78% CO 2 and 0.18 wt% H 2 O and exceed estimates of primary CO 2 of only 0.07 to 0.095 wt% calculated from whole rock Nb concentrations. This discrepancy suggests that the magmas accumulated an exsolved volatile phase prior to eruption. The evidence that a separated volatile phase drives strombolian eruptions on the seafloor also implies that volatile bubbles coalesce during storage or transport to the surface. The combination of large bubbles in otherwise dense magma suggests nearly complete coalescence of small bubbles and is most consistent with accumulation of the exsolved volatile phase, most likely near the tops of crustal magma chambers, prior to upward transport in shallow conduits to the eruptive vents on the seafloor. A portion of this CO 2 -rich separated fluid phase is released in brief bursts during eruptions where it becomes part of event plumes.
Library Management 101: A Practical Guide edited by Diane L. Velasquez

Most librarians take some form of management course in library school, but those courses often rely on textbooks on general management or ones from other fields and are heavy on theory and low on p...
Abstract 90: Bendavia (MTP-131), a Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide, Improves ADP-Stimulated Mitochondrial Respiration in Cardiomyocytes Isolated From Dogs with Chronic Heart failure

Background: Mitochondria (MITO) of failed human hearts and hearts of dogs with experimental heart failure (HF) manifest structural and functional abnormalities characterized by hyperplasia and reduced organelle size and reduced respiration. These abnormalities lead to reduced ATP synthesis that adversely impacts LV function. We previously showed that chronic therapy (3 months) with Bendavia (MTP-131), a novel mitochondria-targeting peptide, improves LV systolic function in dogs with heart failure (HF), reverses MITO abnormalities and normalizes mitochondria ATP synthesis in myocardium from Bendavia-treated HF dogs. In the present study we examined the direct effects of Bendavia on mitochondria ADP-stimulated state 3 respiration in freshly isolated cardiomyocytes from dogs with advanced chronic HF. Methods: Cardiomyocytes were isolated from LV free wall of 3 untreated dogs with HF produced by intracoronary microembolizations (LV ejection fraction <30%). A standard collagenase-based enzymatic process was used for isolation that yielded ~70% viable rod-shaped cardiomyocytes that excluded trypan blue. Equal aliquotes of cardiomyocytes were incubated in 0, 0.01, 0.10, 1.0 and 10 μM concentration of Bendavia for one hour at 37°C. At the end of incubation, ADP-stimulated state-3 respiration was measured using a Clark electrode system and quatified in nAtom Oxygen/min/mg protein. Results: State-3 respiration in the absence of Bendavia (Vehicle-Control) was 248±9 nAtom Oxygen/min/mg protein. Compared to vehicle-control, incubation of failing cardiomyocytes with Bendavia significantly increased state-3 respiration to 303±33 at 0.01 μM, p<0.05; 405±39 at 0.10 μM, p<0.05; 371±28 at 1.0 μM, p<0.05; and 346±29 at 10.0 μM, p<0.05. Conclusions: Results of this study indicate that the effects of Bendavia on mitochondrial respiration in cardiomyocytes is direct and not a consequence of improved global LV structure or function. Furthermore, the results indicate that the improvement in mitochondrial respiration after treatment with Bendavia can occur early after initiation of therapy (within one hour) and is dose-dependent up to concentrations of 0.10 μM.
On Coase, Competence, and the Corporation

Ronald Coase observed in his first lecture that his contribution to the theory of the firm did not appear to him to be in any sense foreordained, but rather was the result of a conjunction of circumstances in his life that resulted in his exposure to a particular set of influences and facts.' These influences and facts he fashioned into an absorbing intellectual puzzle that he then undertook to solve.
Unique Temporal and Spatial Expression Patterns of IL-33 in Ovaries during Ovulation and Estrous Cycle Are Associated with Ovarian Tissue Homeostasis

Ovaries are among the most active organs. Frequently occurring events such as ovulation and ovarian atresia are accompanied with tissue destruction and repairing. Critical roles of immune cells or molecules in those events have been well recognized. IL-33 is a new member of the IL-1 cytokine gene family. Recent studies suggest its roles beyond immune responses. We systemically examined its expression in ovaries for its potential roles in ovarian functions. During ovulation, a high level of IL-33 was transiently expressed, making it the most significantly upregulated immune gene. During estrous cycle, IL-33 expression levels fluctuated along with numbers of ovarian macrophages and atresia wave. Cells with nuclear form of IL-33 (nIL-33(+) cells) were mostly endothelial cells of veins, either in the inner layer of theca of ovulating follicles during ovulation, or surrounding follicles during estrous cycle. Changes in number of nIL-33(+) cells showed a tendency similar to that in IL-33 mRNA level during estrous cycle. However, the cell number sharply declined before a rapid increase of macrophages and a surge of atresia. The decline in nIL-33(+) cell number was coincident with detection of higher level of the cytokine form of IL-33 by Western blot, suggesting a release of cytokine form of IL-33 before the surge of macrophage migration and atresia. However, IL-33 Ab, either by passive transfer or immunization, showed a limited effect on ovulation or atresia. It raises a possibility of IL-33's role in tissue homeostasis after ovarian events, instead of a direct involvement in ovarian functions.
Illustrated Collections of Russian Satirical and Political Periodicals, and Music Cover Designs at the Library of Congress: An Overview

The article describes a collection of Russian satirical and political periodicals, and the acquisition and availability of the Viktor Kholodkov Collection of Music Cover Designs. Both collections are located in the Prints & Photographs Division at the Library of Congress. The majority of the issues in the collection of 221 periodical titles date to the period of the first Russian Revolution, 1905–1908.
When the VP is a Scrum Master, You Hit the Ground Running

Companies adopting Scrum as a software development framework often start with a pilot project and slowly grow adoption across the organization. Unlike this typical incremental implementation of Scrum, Unisys Cloud Engineering adopted Scrum throughout the entire organization at the same time. The adoption was initiated and supported by upper management. This paper describes how the effort started, provides an assessment of why this method worked, and details lessons learned that could benefit others considering this rollout method.