cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns of antibody and serum proteins in experimentally induced human malaria.

892 sera from 90 volunteers infected with Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax were examined for the presence of antibodies to malaria by using the IFA technique with fluorescein-labelled IgA, IgG, and IgM conjugates. In addition, the changes in the alpha, beta, and gamma globulin levels were determined by means of electrophoretic separation on cellulose acetate. The results indicated that the IgG response rose to the highest level and persisted the longest time. Compared to the IgG response, the IgA and IgM responses were more transient, and after a relatively short time returned to near pre-inoculation levels. This drop occurred even in the presence of persistent parasitaemia. The changes in the alpha, beta, and gamma globulin percentage curves occurred primarily during the early periods after infection. The changes were most prominent between days 9 and 11 in the blood-induced infections and at approximately day 16 in those infected by sporozoites. The IFA test continued to measure changes in the IgA, IgG, and IgM antibody responses to the malaria parasite long after the alpha, beta, and gamma globulin percentages had returned to pre-inoculation levels.
“Democratization in long perspective” revisited

Abstract The worldwide spread of democracy experienced in the past century and a half may be understood as a nonlinear (learning) process of innovation-diffusion. A Fisher–Pry test of this proposition was first reported by Modelski and Perry in a 1989 paper (published in this journal in 1991) on the basis of a data set that covered the period 1837–1986. A retest of the innovation-diffusion thesis has now been performed with basically the same methodology but on a refined data set and with data including the year 2000. It reaffirms the earlier result, and confirms that the 50% saturation point (flex-point) has been attained. It also reaffirms the earlier forecast that the 90% saturation level for democracy would not be reached until early in the 22nd century. The time constant (the time elapsing between 10% and 90% saturation) of this learning process is now estimated at 228 years.
Modernization from the Other Shore: American Observers and the Costs of Soviet Economic Development

THE SPECTER OF COMMUNISM haunted not just nineteenth-century Europe but most of the world in the twentieth century. The specter of Soviet Communism haunting this century, however, was as much a blueprint for rapid industrialization as an ideology of proletarian revolution, national liberation, or totalitarian control. At the same time, the Soviet specter often bore little resemblance to actually existing circumstances in the Soviet Union itself. In spite of the tremendous costs, including a catastrophic famine in 1932-1933, domestic and foreign commentators widely praised Soviet efforts at economic modernization, especially in the early years of the Five-Year Plans (1928-1937).' What American diplomat George F. Kennan termed the "romance of economic development" captivated a wide range of foreign observers of all political persuasions.2 These interwar observers valued the fruits of rapid industrialization above its costs-even when these costs included not only repression and privation but also starvation. Many Western observers, ranging from fellow-travelers to anticommunists, summed up their balance sheets on the Soviet Five-Year Plans with the frequently repeated canard that the USSR was "starving itself great"-a phrase that appeared well before the devastating 1932-1933 famine. In Europe's colonies, political leaders as well as intellectuals enthusiastically endorsed the Soviet goal of rapid industrialization as a shortcut to economic
P3J-3 Implementation of High Frame Rate Digital Scan Converter for High Frequency Ultrasound Mechanical Sector Scanner

This paper presents high speed digital scan converter (DSC) capable of providing more than 100 images per second for the cardiac imaging of the mouse where the heart rate is 3-5 beats per second. To achieve the desired performance, the developed DSC adopted linear interpolation algorithm to minimize the time consumption of fetching stored samples to carry out data interpolation and look-up table method for coordinate transformation. The imaging system can generate more than 100 images per second: scan conversion for an image pixel spends 3 clock cycles and data transfer rate between DSC and a personal computer (PC) to display the scan converted images on a monitor is more than 266 Mbytes per second. The designed imaging system was implemented by using a single FPGA (Stratix EP1S60F1020C6, Altera Corporation, San Jose, CA) and software programs written by C++. By experiment, it is shown that the implemented system is capable of acquiring up to 190 images per second. The display rate of the images is currently 80 images per second due to the limitation of a monitor's capability although all scan converted images can be stored in the hard disk of PC
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulates Theca-Interstitial Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins by a cAMP-Dependent Activation of AKT/mTORC1 Signaling Pathway

In addition to playing a cardinal role in androgen production, LH also regulates growth and proliferation of theca-interstitial (T-I) cells. Here, we show for the first time that LH/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regulates T-I cell proliferation via the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling network. LH/hCG treatment showed a time-dependent stimulation of T-I cell proliferation and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), ERK1/2, and ribosomal protein (rp)S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), and its downstream effector, rpS6. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling did not block the hCG-induced phosphorylation of tuberin, the upstream regulator of mTORC1 or S6K1, the downstream target of mTORC1. However, inhibition of AKT signaling completely blocked the hCG response. Furthermore, the AKT-specific inhibitor abolished forskolin (FSK)-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT, tuberin, S6K1, and rpS6. Human CG and FSK-mediated phosphorylation of AKT and downstream targets of mTORC1 were attenuated by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Pharmacologic targeting of mTORC1 with rapamycin also abrogated hCG or FSK-induced phosphorylation of S6K1, rpS6, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1. In addition, hCG or FSK-mediated up-regulation of the cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was blocked by rapamycin. These results were further confirmed by demonstrating that knockdown of mTORC1 using small interfering RNA abolished hCG-mediated increases in cell proliferation and the expression of cyclin D3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Taken together, the present studies show a novel intracellular signaling pathway for T-I cell proliferation involving LH/hCG-mediated activation of the AKT/mTORC1 signaling cascade.
Exceptionally fast carbon–carbon bond reductive elimination from gold( III )

Reductive elimination of carbon-carbon bonds occurs in numerous metal-catalysed reactions. This process is well documented for a variety of transition metal complexes. However, carbon-carbon bond reductive elimination from a limited number of Au(III) complexes has been shown to be a slow and prohibitive process that generally requires elevated temperatures. Herein we show that oxidation of a series of mono- and bimetallic Au(I) aryl complexes at low temperature generates observable Au(III) and Au(II) intermediates. We also show that aryl-aryl bond reductive elimination from these oxidized species is not only among the fastest observed for any transition metal, but is also mechanistically distinct from previously studied alkyl-alkyl and aryl-alkyl reductive eliminations from Au(III).
Primary amino acid sequence and structure of human pyruvate carboxylase

Abstract Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) (pyruvate:carbon dioxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.1.), a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme, catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. We have isolated and characterized cDNAs spanning the entire coding region of human PC. The sequence of human PC has an open reading frame of 3537 nucleotides which encodes for a polypeptide with a length of 1178 amino acids. The identity of the cDNAs as PC is confirmed by comparison to PC cDNAs of other species and sequencec peptide fragments of mammalian PC. The Mr of the full length precursor protein is 129 576 and that of the mature apoprotein is 127 370. RNA blot analysis from a variety of human tissues demonstrates that the highest level of PC mRNA is found in liver corresponding to this tissue's high level of PC activity. Based on homology with other biotin-containing proteins, the ATP, pyruvate, and biotin-binding sites can be identified. One of two patients with documented PC deficiency was found to be missing PC mRNA, further confirming the identity of this cDNA.
Graft vs host disease following kidney transplantation using an ‘0 HLA antigen mismatched’ donor

There have been only two reports of acute graft vs host disease (aGVHD) in kidney graft recipients, and these were apparently due to blood transfusions [1,2]. We report the first case of donor-derived aGVHD occurring in a kidney transplant patient who received a graft from a ‘0 HLA mismatched’ donor. aGVHD is more often reported in intestinal or liver transplant recipients. The diagnosis is often delayed because the early signs are attributed to drug reactions or infections. These include skin rash, fever, diarrhoea and/or liver dysfunction. Later the patients develop pancytopenia, pre-disposing them to infection and bleeding, which are the most frequent causes of death [3]. The transplanted organ is noticeably spared since it is of donor origin. Mortality is very high, particularly once the patient becomes pancytopenic. The diagnosis is confirmed by demonstrating large numbers of donor lymphocytes in the patient’s circulation. Close matching of HLA antigens between the donor and the recipient is the strongest risk factor for aGVHD in liver transplant recipients. However, such close HLA matches are very common in kidney transplant recipients because these ‘0 HLA antigen mismatched’ transplants are given high priority. We present this case in order to raise awareness that aGVHD can occur after kidney transplantation. Case report
Response of an Elastic Structure Subject to Air Shock Considering Fluid-Structure Interaction

Shock-wave interaction with an elastic structure is investigated using a coupled numerical analysis approach, which considers solid-fluid interaction within an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian framework. The analysis is performed considering a compressive shock wave, where the shock front is followed by constant pressure. An analysis procedure, which considers the change in the fluid domain due to the deformation of the solid and changes in the overpressure due to the movement of the elastic structure, is developed. Approximate numerical procedures for solving the Riemann problem associated with the shock are implemented within the Godunov finite volume scheme for the fluid domain. The influences of parameters such as structural stiffness and mass of the system on the displacement, velocity, and energy of the elastic structure following the shock-wave incidence are investigated. Immediately after the contact of the shock wave with the solid surface the pressure at the face of the elastic solid rises to a value which is equal to that obtained off of a fixed rigid wall. Subsequently, the motion of the piston produces changes in the applied pressure. The overpressure applied to the elastic system does not have a fixed profile but it depends on its elastic stiffness and structure mass. It is shown that there is a continuous exchange of energy between the air and the moving elastic structure, which produces a damped motion of the solid. The effect of damping is considerable for the cases of low elastic stiffness and low structural mass, where the resulting motion of the solid is nonoscillatory. The conventional analysis procedure, which ignores the energy exchange between the air and the moving solid, predicts an undamped oscillatory response of the structure for all cases considered. It is shown that neglecting the interaction between the air and solid can produce significant error in the total energy of the structure and the dynamic load factor when the resulting motion is nonoscillatory.
Macro-elements for efficient FEM simulation of small geometric features in waveguide components

This paper introduces a novel class of specially constructed elements aimed at the expedient finite-element modeling of waveguide components containing fine geometric/material features such as dielectric and conducting posts. Instead of utilizing a very fine grid to resolve such fine features, special elements are constructed that capture accurately the electromagnetic properties of the fine features. Since the size of these macro-elements Is commensurate with the size of the elements of the grid used to discretize the volume in which the fine features are embedded, their use results in significant reduction in the number of unknowns in the finite-element approximation of the electromagnetic problem without sacrificing solution accuracy. The numerical implementation and effectiveness of the proposed macro-elements are demonstrated through several numerical experiments.
Impacts and Alternatives: Evidence From an Elementary Charter School Evaluation

Despite the prevalence of charter schools in the United States, few experimental studies evaluate the impact of charter school attendance on students in the early elementary grades. Using data from a randomized lottery in which kindergarten students and their parents applied to two oversubscribed and well-established charter schools in Denver, Colorado, we estimate the effect of admission to and attendance at these schools on third grade reading and mathematics test scores. We find no evidence of admission or attendance having an impact on third grade achievement but find suggestive evidence of differential effects favoring non-White students. These findings speak to the substantial variation of charter school impacts and raise questions about what families may want from schools aside from or in addition to achievement test impacts.
The design and operating characteristics of a 1200-element ferroelectric-electroluminescent display

A 1200-element matrix addressed ferroelectric-electroluminescent display has been built with doctor-bladed Pb 0.99 [(Zr 0.50 Sn 0.50 ) 0.86 Ti 0.14 ] 0.98 Nb 0.02 O 3 ferroelectric ceramic. Each display element comprises a diode and a three-cell ferroelectric control circuit which stores the video information and drives an associated electroluminescent cell. The characteristics of the three-cell circuit are described in terms of the pertinent properties of the doctor-bladed ceramic. A design procedure based on the properties of the ferroelectric and electroluminescent materials is given for determining the cell dimensions and the driving voltage needed to obtain a specified maximum brightness, transfer characteristic, and contrast ratio. The 6- by 8-inch display panel, driven from a vidicon camera source, has been operated with high reliability for approximately 40 hours spread over a year. Subjective tests have shown that satisfactory gray scale, moving images can be obtained which are comparable to those of a conventional TV receiver. The average power dissipated is 175 watts. The measured variation in the transfer characteristics and the highlight brightness (16 ± 4 fL) was found to be due primarily to variations in the ferroelectric coercive voltage. These variations are due to nonuniformities in thickness caused by differential shrinkage during the firing of the 60 doctor-bladed strips (4- by 0.5- by 0.003-inch nominal) used in the display. Techniques exist for reducing these variations.
Vertically Integrated Three-Pole Filter/Antennas for Array Applications

Integration of high-quality (Q)-factor cavity filters with high-efficiency slot antennas for array applications is presented in this letter. This proposed integration technique exhibits near-zero transition loss between the filter and antenna, and therefore improves the total efficiency of the filter/antenna system. The filter and antenna are vertically integrated to reduce the footprint that is necessary for array applications. The fabricated filter/antenna unit cell has a center frequency of 10.07 GHz and a bandwidth of 5.5%. Using the proposed integrated filter/antenna structure, a 2 × 2 array is designed, fabricated, and measured. Very close agreement is found in between the measurement and simulation results in terms of reflection coefficient, gain, and radiation patterns. The approach demonstrated in this letter can be applied for filter/antennas with higher orders and at higher frequencies.
A Novel Function of the Bacterial Replication Initiator Protein DnaA

Proper cell division requires multiple molecular machineries to function in exquisite synchrony with each other. In bacteria, unlike eukaryotes, chromosome replication and chromosome segregation take place concurrently during cell division. Very importantly, however, chromosome segregation does not initiate before chromosome replication gets under way. How these two machineries communicate with each other during the initiation of replication and segregation are not well understood. To try to understand the mechanism involved in this communication, we analyzed the effects on chromosome segregation, in Caulobacter cresecentus, by varying the concentrations of the replication initiator protein, DnaA. Our data show that C. crescentus cells with limited levels of DnaA have aberrant cell division. These mutant cells release multiple mini-cells with stalks due to a flawed timing in chromosome segregation. These low concentrations of DnaA, although not sufficient to initiate replication, were sufficient to-directly or indirectly-trigger the initiation of chromosome segregation. In other words, these mutant cells had their single chromosome copy translocated to the opposite cellular pole in the absence of chromosome replication. Using DnaA mutants, we showed that this effect is not due to DnaA acting as a transcription factor.
Naturalizing Modernity: Urban Parks, Public Gardens and Drainage Projects in Porfirian Mexico City

This article argues that governmental modernization strategies in Mexico during the Porfiriato relied on calculated manipulations of nature. Using examples of urban gardens, public parks, and drainage works, this article explains how Porfirian scientists Josee Yves Limantour and Miguel AAngel de Quevedo tried to reformulate Mexican nature and its citizens. Rather than expelling all vestiges of nature from Mexico City, these scientists reordered and reformulated the natural world to fit their ideas about modernity. The control and display of nature marked an important strategy for a regime dedicated to order and progress.
Accuracy and Precision of the CoaguChek S versus Laboratory INRs in a Clinic

BACKGROUND:The CoaguChek S is the next-generation coagulation monitor for measuring the international normalized ratio (INR) that replaces the CoaguChek device. Studies are lacking comparing the CoaguChek S with local laboratory INR assessment to ensure its accuracy and precision for monitoring patients on anticoagulation.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate accuracy, precision, and technical ease-of-use of the CoaguChek S compared with laboratory measurements.METHODS:Accuracy was evaluated in 101 patients by parallel assessment of INRs (CoaguChek S and laboratory); precision was evaluated in 31 patients using duplicate INRs from CoaguChek S and laboratory and from liquid quality controls. Accuracy was determined using orthogonal regression, Bland—Altman plot, and clinical applicability (INRs discrepant in categorization of INR goal and resulting in different therapeutic decisions). Precision was examined by comparing mean difference ± SD between repeated INRs from CoaguChek S and laboratory, coefficient of variation (C...
Reviewing cancer care team effectiveness

The authors did not see evidence that multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) affect patient survival or cost of care, or studies of how or which MDT processes and structures were associated with success.
Hybrid scenario development in DIII-D

Experiments in the DIII-D tokamak have demonstrated the ability to sustain ELMing H-mode discharges with high beta and good confinement quality under stationary conditions. These experiments have shown the ability to sustain normalized fusion performance (in terms of {beta}{sub N}H{sub 89P} /q{sub 95}{sup 2}) at or above that projected for Q{sub fus} = 10 operation in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) design over a wide range in operating parameters. In the best cases, operation is maintained at the free boundary, n = 1 stability limit. Confinement is found to be better than standard H-mode confinement scalings over a wide range in operation space, and experimentally measured transport is consistent with predictions from the GLF23 transport code. Projections using the standard ITER H-mode scaling laws based on these discharges indicate that Q{sub fus} = 5 can be maintained for >5400 s in ITER at q{sub 95} = 4.5 while Q{sub fus} = 40 can be obtained for {approx}2400 s at q{sub 95} = 3.2. These projected performance levels further validate the ITER design and suggest that long-pulse, high neutron fluence operation as well as very high fusion gain operation may be possible in next-generation tokamaks.
Heat Transfer to Horizontal Tube Banks in the Splash Zone of a Fluidized Bed of Large Particles

Measurements are reported for the extent of the splash zone and for corresponding tube heat transfer coefficients in horizontal banks of both bare and finned tubes. The tests were conducted with beds of silica sand (0.93-mm mean diameter) fluidized with air at atmospheric pressure and at room temperature in a 0.3 m x 0.3 m facility. To simulate turndown conditions by varying the splash zone location within a bank, air velocities from 1 to 5 m/s were employed together with static bed heights of 0.15, 0.25, 0.40, 0.55, and 0.70 m. The results are shown to be correlated by combining a phenomenological model for void fraction in the splash zone with the flow and heat transfer model of Staub (1979).
Decentralized algorithms for stochastic and dynamic vehicle routing with general demand distribution

We present decentralized algorithms for a class of stochastic and dynamic vehicle routing problems, known as the multiple-vehicle dynamic traveling repairperson problem (m-DTRP), in which demands arrive randomly over time and their locations have an arbitrary distribution, and the objective is to minimize the average waiting time between the appearance of a demand and the time it is visited by a vehicle. The best previously known control algorithms rely on centralized, a-priori task assignment, and are therefore of limited applicability in scenarios involving large ad-hoc networks of autonomous vehicles. By combining results from geometric probability and locational optimization, we provide a policy that solves, providing a constant-factor approximation to the optimal achievable performance, the decentralized version of the m-DTRP; such policy (i) does not rely on centralized and a priori task assignment, (ii) is spatially distributed, scalable to large networks, and adaptive to network changes. Simulation results are presented and discussed.
Reliability of a consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n:F system

The reliability of the consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n:F system is studied. For k=2 an explicit solution is given for n components in line or in cycle in the i.i.d. case. For k>or=3 sharp lower and upper bounds are given for the reliability of the system and demonstrated for different values of n, k, r, p. These bounds are exact for r=n, n-1, n-2, n-3, and for these values the exact analytic solution is also given. >
Crystal structure of the YffB protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa suggests a glutathione-dependent thiol reductase function.

Background: The yffB (PA3664) gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes an uncharacterized protein of 13 kDa molecular weight with a marginal sequence similarity to arsenate reductase from Escherichia coli. The crystal structure determination of YffB was undertaken as part of a structural genomics effort in order to assist with the functional assignment of the protein. Results: The structure was determined at 1.0 A resolution by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction. The fold is very similar to that of arsenate reductase, which is an extension of the thioredoxin fold. Conclusion: Given the conservation of the functionally important residues and the ability to bind glutathione, YffB is likely to function as a GSH-dependent thiol reductase.
Low-cost circular-polarized leaky-wave antenna for millimeter-wave applications

This paper presents the design and measured performance of a new circular-polarized array antenna. The antenna maintains an excellent radiation pattern with axial ratio less than 1 dB across a bandwidth greater than 7 percent in the Ka-band. The design should be especially useful for millimeter-wave communications applications.
Interpreting Results of Single-Subject Research Designs

Although single-subject research design has been discussed at some length in the recent physical therapy and occupational therapy literature, there has been little attempt to describe the procedures used for interpreting the experimental effects of such research. The purpose of this paper is to present the use of two strategies for determining whether changes have occurred as a result of experimental manipulation. The first strategy, visual analysis of graphed data, relies on visual interpretation of changes in data patterns both within and between experimental conditions. The second strategy is the use of statistical procedures such as trend estimation, the Rn statistic, and time series analysis. Finally, the issues of both clinical and statistical significance in interpreting the results of single-subject research are discussed.
An ultrastructural study of patellar chondromalacia in humans.

Chondromalacia of the patella in humans is characterized by dedifferentiation of many superficial and middle-zone cells to fibroblast-like cells. The deep cells show structural evidence of increased protein synthesis and secretion. This is manifested by a fibrous territorial matrix and an extraterritorial rimming of matrix granules which reportedly represent acid mucopolysaccharide.
Submission No. 5 to Senate Committee on Finance – Comments Common to Options Y & Z

The Senate Committee on Finance international tax reform staff discussion draft issued November 19, 2013 sets out two possible approaches (Option Y and Option Z) for international tax reform. This letter makes comments that are common to both Option Y and Option Z. The subject matter of these comments include:1. Repeal of Indirect Foreign Tax Credit for Certain U.S. Persons2. Characterization of Certain Business Entities3. Strengthening Measures Against Corporate Expatriations4. Implementing Tax Residency Based on Place of Incorporation Or Management & Control Being in the United StatesThis is Submission 5 of 7 Comment Letters Provided to the Committee.
An investigation into potential causes of the anomalistic feature observed by the Rosetta Alice spectrograph around 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Abstract The Alice far-ultraviolet spectrograph in operation around the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko on the Rosetta spacecraft experiences an anomalistic feature (AF) that is ubiquitous at comet separations less than 450 km. This feature is highly temporally variable and displays no relation to any studied parameters with the exception of comet separation. This paper tests several possible causes with simulations and finds that positive ions produce a partial explanation for the anomaly, but still finds no definitive source of the AF.
Influences of asthma on reported health indicators and access to health care among children

Abstract Background Studies on the influences of pediatric asthma on health and access to health care were conducted in limited geographic areas or age groups. Objective To investigate associations of asthma with health, use of medical care, mental health or educational services, activity limitations, problems in paying bills, and frustrations in obtaining health care among children in the United States. Caregivers reported children's conditions. Methods Logistic regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors in the nationally representative 2011/2012 National Survey of Children's Health. Results Of the 91,116 children 0 to 17 years old, 14.6% had reported asthma. Of children 0 to 17 years old with asthma, 21.2% were non-Hispanic black. Of children 0 to 17 years old without asthma, 12.2% were non-Hispanic black. In children 0 to 17 years old, compared with children without asthma, children with asthma had an increased odds to have reported fair or poor health, receive more medical care, mental health, and educational services than usual, have activity limitations, have medical bills that the family had problems paying (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3–1.7), and have caregivers who were frustrated in obtaining care (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2–1.7). The odds ratios for the associations between asthma and all outcomes were higher in the 0- to 5-year-old compared with the 6- to 17-year-old group. Conclusion When adjusting for sociodemographic variables, caregivers have problems paying bills and obtaining health care services for their child. To develop age-appropriate interventions, more research is needed to understand why families have difficulties accessing health care.
It is not paradoxical: Risk reduction from transradial occurs across all weight classes proportional to baseline risk

Key Points Reductions in bleeding risk through the use of transradial versus transfemoral access can be seen across the spectrum of patient body mass indexes using a large claims based database. At both the heavy and light extremes of body mass, the radial-associated reductions in bleeding are most evident with a mortality benefit and a reduction in retroperitoneal bleeding evident in the morbidly obese. Expansion of radial skills to allow operators to confidently provide these procedures to all appropriate patients regardless of weight would reduce bleeding risks and mortality across the population.
Prospective, multicenter study of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis in patients with haemophilia undergoing major orthopaedic surgery

Perioperative clotting factor replacement is administered to reverse the inherent haemostatic defect in persons with haemophilia (PWH), potentially increasing their risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) postoperatively. It was our objective to determine the prevalence of VTE in PWH undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA). Patients with haemophilia A or B who underwent THA or TKA were enrolled in this prospective, multicentre observational cohort study. Lower extremity venous duplex ultrasound was performed prior to surgery and 4–6 weeks after surgery. Eleven centres enrolled 51 subjects, 46 of whom completed the study. Six subjects (13.0 %) were treated with bypass agents perioperatively; the remaining 40 subjects received factor VIII or IX replacement. Intermittent pneumatic compression devices were utilised postoperatively in 23 subjects (50 %), and four subjects (8.7 %) also received low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis. One subject (2.2 %) with moderate haemophilia A was diagnosed with symptomatic distal deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) on day 6 following TKA. One subject (2.2 %) with severe haemophilia A was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism on day 9 following bilateral TKA. No subjects had asymptomatic DVT. Eighteen subjects (39.1 %) had major bleeding, and three subjects (6.5 %) experienced minor bleeding. The observed prevalence of ultrasound-detectable, asymptomatic DVT in PWH following TKA or THA in this study was low, but the incidence of symptomatic VTE (4.3 %, 95 % CI, 0.5–14.8 %) appeared similar to the estimated incidence in the general population without thromboprophylaxis.
Case study: NW Moran 1—extension of Moran Field, Papuan Fold Belt, Papua New Guinea.

The main hydrocarbon risk when exploring in the Papuan Fold belt PPL219 licence is the definition of the trap. Accurately determining whether reservoir is involved in the hanging wall over thrust and optimally placing exploratory and appraisal wells in the subsurface has been the main challenge. The PPL219 NW Moran 1 well was drilled in late 2003 to test the north western extent of the 130 million barrel Moran Field. The critical risk in this prospect was reservoir involvement and the definition of the main frontal thrust. This paper highlights the approach in which the PPL219 joint venture reduced structural risk, primarily, by way of acquiring and using 2D seismic data. A fully integrated interpretative workflow was adopted using surface geology, strontium age dating and offset well data and 2D seismic. The NW Moran 1 exploratory well successfully encountered oil columns within both Toro and Digimu sands in the hanging wall of the Moran over thrust. A VSP acquired in the NW Moran 1 ST3 well bore confirmed the location of the frontal thrust to the south and the possibility of forelimb potential in this part of the field.
A MODEL FOR BREAKER DECAY ON BEACHES

Based on the observation that a shallow water breaking wave propagating over a region of uniform depth will reform and stabilize after some distance, an intuitive expression for the rate of energy dissipation is developed. Using linear wave theory and the energy balance equation, analytical solutions for monochromatic waves breaking on a flat shelf, plane slope, and "equilibrium" beach profile are presented and compared to laboratory data from Horikawa and Kuo (1966) with favorable results. Set-down/up in the mean water level, bottom friction losses, and bottom profiles of arbitrary shape are then introduced and the equations solved numerically. The model is calibrated and verified to laboratory data with very good results for wave decay for a wide range of beach slopes and incident conditions, but not so favorable for set-up. A test run on a prototype scale profile containing two bar and trough systems demonstrates the model's ability to describe the shoaling, breaking, and wave reformation process commonly observed in nature. Bottom friction is found to play a negligible role in wave decay in the surf zone when compared to shoaling and breaking.
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumour of the bladder

A 39-year-old woman presented with a long history of pelvic pain and urinary urgency. Prior workup by her primary care doctor had been negative. The patient9s gynaecologist ultimately referred her to a urologist following an ultrasound that revealed a possible bladder mass. MRI of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated a 4 cm soft tissue lesion arising from the bladder. Cystoscopy showed an atypical mass on the anterior bladder wall, and pathological examination of the TURBT (transurethral resection of the bladder tumour) specimen revealed a perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa) with involvement of the detrusor muscle. The patient underwent a robotically assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy. Final pathology confirmed a PEComa with negative margins. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course and is doing well following surgery. A surveillance cystoscopy at 6 months showed no evidence of recurrence. This case underscores the variability of clinical presentation of PEComas while proposing an appropriate method of surgical management.
DEVELOPMENT OF POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER BASED ON PSS2A MODEL OF IEEE

At present in most of domestic PSSs the single electrical power is used as their input signal, when the positive damping parameters are provided for the low frequency oscillation within 0.1 to 0.2Hz, the antiregulation phenomenon may become severe for these PSSs, and the reason is that the mechanical power is difficult to be measured. Assuming the mechanical power is steady, at this time the electrical power is equal to the accelerating power; when the mechanical power is adjusted, it is not appropriate to use the electrical power as the accelerating power. To solve this problem, according to the PSS2A model of IEEE, a new type of PSS is developed in which the accelerating power which composes revolution speed signal with electrical power signal is used as the input signal, therefore, the damping effect can be ensured while the antiregulation problem is solved. The results of dynamic simulation and that of the running tests in Dalate power plant in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region show that the developed PSS possesses good damping effect and can effectively restrain the antiregulation phenomenon.
Growth characteristics of stem auxiliary buds on ratoon rice

In order to improve yield of the ratoon rice,differentiation and growth of the stem auxiliary buds on different nodes,development traits of the ear grain and morphology of the stem organs were studied.The results indicated that(a) the differentiation of rachis primordial of the stem auxiliary buds began from bottom up before the mother stem heading;(b) after the mother stem heading,the differentiation of primary or secondary rachis branch occurred in a top down order;(c) under the apical dominance,the stem auxiliary buds began to germinate 3d before the mother stem ripened;and(d) the panicle bearing tiller rate decreased and the grains per spike reduced to one-third of the mother stem,as the node moving downward due to congenital deficiencies.Thus,boosting germination rate of the stem auxiliary buds in the lower nodes while retaining upper buds at initial harvest could improve the yield.By forming 1.70-2.00 folds spikes more than the initial rice,the yield could be increased.The converse 3rd pulvinus was 8-16 cm higher than converse second buds,and its height could be used as a quick morphological index for optimum stubble height of the mother stem.
The Control and Mechanics of Human Movement Systems

Issues that are central to the modeling and analysis of a human movement system include (1) musculotendon dynamics, (2) the kinetics and kinematics of the biomechanical system, and (3) the relationship between neurological control and the formulation of the system as an open or closed loop process. This paper will address these problems in the context of two particular movement systems. The first to be addressed is the human ocular system. Eye movement systems are ideal for studying human control of movement since they are of relatively low dimension and easier to control than other neuromuscular systems. By scrutinizing the trajectories of eye movements it is possible to infer the effects of motoneuronal activity, deduce the central nervous system’s control strategy, and systematically observe the effects of perturbations in the controls. An application of the locomotory-control system will also be presented in this paper. In particular, a model of human gait is developed for the purpose of relating neural controls to the state of stress in a skeletal member. This is achieved by modeling the human body as an ensemble of articulating rigid-body segments controlled by a minimal muscle set. Neurological signals act as the input into the musculotendon dynamics and from the resulting muscular forces, the joint moments and resulting motion of the segmental model are derived.
Exploring Current Issues in Educational Technology with Free PowerWeb

This book deals with controversial issues about technology and its use in classrooms. Issues include the educational application and classroom implementation of new communications technologies such as e-mail, the Internet and World Wide Web; laptop computers, school television newscasts, hypermedia environments, distance education, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and the like. Rather than simply providing information, the text presents problematic issues and situations in realistic case studies and asks the student how best to deal with them. The scenarios involve such issues as commercial TV in the classroom, copyrights and fair use, researching on the Web, and online learning communities. Each scenario is introduced by a clear explanation of why the issues raised are important. Each case study demands student research and a written response outlining what they believe to be the best course of action. Table of contents Preface: Why This Book Is Different Introduction Selecting Your Scenarios: Chapter Overviews From Video to Virtual Reality: Technology and Its Instructional Potential From Conditioning to Constructivism: Learning Theories and Their Impact On How We Teach Section 1: Curricular Concerns: Strategies and Skills Chapter 1. The Role of Research: Asking the Right Questions About Educational Technology Chapter 2. Surviving the Information Explosion: Researching on the World Wide Web Chapter 3. Deconstructing Constructivism: The Paradox of Planning Unstructured Units Chapter 4. How Can Technology Facilitate Constructivist Units? Section 2: Difficult Decisions: Crucial Yet Complicated Chapter 5. TV or Not TV? That Is the Question: Commercialization of the Classroom Chapter 6. Is a Computer's Place in the Lab or in the Classroom? Chapter 7. Replacing Books with "Notebooks": Hard Copy Versus Software Chapter 8. Is Educational Technology Sometimes Just Too Expensive? Section 3: Social Issues: Rights and Responsibilities Chapter 9. Internet Indiscretions: The Limits of Free Expression in Cyberspace Chapter 10. It Takes a Global Village: Multicultural Studies Through Telecommunications Chapter 11. Coming to Conclusions About Inclusion: What Role for Assistive Technologies? Chapter 12. Fair Use: Copyright or Copywrong? Section 4: New Opportunities: Engaging or Enraging? Chapter 13. Is Hypermedia Worth the Hype? Chapter 14. Digital Developments: Television's Technological Transformation Chapter 15. Distance Education: So Far, So Good? Chapter 16. Conceptual Connections: Establishing Online Learning Communities Section 5: Future Possibilities: Virtually No Limitations? Chapter 17. Teacher Training in Technology: The Trials and Tribulations of the Technophobes Chapter 18. Is Artificial Intelligence Better Than Authentic Stupidity? Chapter 19. That's Virtually Impossible! (or Is It?): Virtual Reality in the Classroom Chapter 20. The Third Millennium School: From Industrial to Information Society Glossary
Resources for Data Interpretation and Reporting

Investigators need to be aware of the growing resources to aid the interpretation and reporting of objectively monitored physical activity and sedentary time. Effective interpretation requires that the researcher considers deeply his or her own data in order to derive its meaning relative to the study design, and also in the context of similar data (in terms of population, instrumentation, metrics, etc.) collected by others, as well as suggesting indices for data classification. This chapter covers expected values and/or normative data currently available for various objectively monitored metrics, including suggested indices, and expected incremental changes with longitudinal tracking or intervention. Available standards, checklists, and flowcharts to support clear, complete, and transparent reporting are also described.
A Model for Evaluating Financial Viability of a Hospital

Financial ratio analysis is a procedure for evaluating the financial position of a corporation or institution, such as a hospital, by linking through the calculation of a ratio, different parts of the corporation’s or institution’s financial statements. These ratios provide clues about the status of particular aspects of the financial condition of the organization.
Harnessing NK Cell Memory for Cancer Immunotherapy

Due to their ability to kill cancer cells and produce proinflammatory cytokines, natural killer (NK) cells have long been of clinical interest for their antitumor properties. The recent discovery of NK cell memory demonstrates that NK cell functions, and potentially antitumor responses, can be enhanced long term. Following nonspecific activation with the cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 or in response to antigens or cytomegalovirus (CMV), human and mouse NK cells exhibit stable, enhanced functional responses with phenotypic and molecular changes. Here we review mechanisms driving the differentiation of NK cell memory-like properties, evidence for antitumor activity, and the challenges and opportunities in harnessing memory-like NK cells for cancer immunotherapy.
On the Reuse of Scientific Data

While science policy promotes data sharing and open data, these are not ends in themselves. Arguments for data sharing are to reproduce research, to make public assets available to the public, to leverage investments in research, and to advance research and innovation. To achieve these expected benefits of data sharing, data must actually be reused by others. Data sharing practices, especially motivations and incentives, have received far more study than has data reuse, perhaps because of the array of contested concepts on which reuse rests and the disparate contexts in which it occurs. Here we explicate concepts of data, sharing, and open data as a means to examine data reuse. We explore distinctions between use and reuse of data. Lastly we propose six research questions on data reuse worthy of pursuit by the community: How can uses of data be distinguished from reuses? When is reproducibility an essential goal? When is data integration an essential goal? What are the tradeoffs between collecting new data and reusing existing data? How do motivations for data collection influence the ability to reuse data? How do standards and formats for data release influence reuse opportunities? We conclude by summarizing the implications of these questions for science policy and for investments in data reuse.
Filial Piety: Fathers, Real and Ideal

This chapter delves into the details of the Oedipus-like Nezha story. Especially illuminating is a contrast between Nezha’s authoritarian, unsympathetic father Li Jing and his Daoist mentor, Taiyi, a fairy godfather who nurtures Nezha and bestows his powers. This split between the idealized father figure and the real-world father is emblematic of a deep ambivalence with respect to fathers. In addition, the Nezha story affords an opportunity to consider the role of initiators in rites of passage, a classic topic in the history of anthropology. Having shamed his parents, Nezha commits suicide and returns his flesh and bones to them, thus gaining what amounts to freedom from social constraint. With the aid of his fairy godfather, who demands nothing of him, Nezha in effect creates himself anew—a self-produced, wholly autonomous, nearly omnipotent being. In China, where the inviolability of one’s obligations to parents is relentlessly emphasized, this fantasy of freedom is particularly striking.
A platinum-resistant subtype of high-grade serous ovarian cancer identified by a network of somatic mutations.

5561Background: High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS-OvCa) is a heterogeneous entity with a widely variable clinical course even among patients of the same stage and histological subtype. Altho...