cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Image Sensor With Joint Sensing and Energy Harvesting Functions

An image sensor with joint sensing and energy harvesting functions suitable for outdoor monitoring applications is presented. The image sensor comprises pixels whose photodiodes can be configured either as photosensors to capture images or as tiny solar cells to harvest energy. As more pixels are configured as solar cells, more energy can be harvested from the environment. However, pixels configured as solar cells are not available for imaging, which affects image quality. It is shown that the unavailable pixels can be estimated from the available pixels using interpolation techniques. Thus, the image sensor allows to tradeoff image resolution with energy. A model of the sensor's energy harvesting and consumption is developed and employed to analyze the tradeoff between image resolution and energy consumption. High-voltage generation from the inherently low photodiode voltages is accomplished using a flying-inductor dc-dc converter while minimizing the losses due to parasitic photodiodes. As a proof of concept, a prototype of the image sensor has been fabricated in a 0.5-μm CMOS process. The fabricated prototype was employed to acquire images while energy was harvested. Measurements show that an average of 2 μW can be harvested from a 32 × 32 pixel array under sunny outdoor conditions.
Discussion on Working Mode of Follow-up and Re-vaccination for Children Having Missed Vaccination

It is urgent to build an efficient working mode with regard to increasing problems such as missed vaccination existing in the childhood immunization information management system.A new working mode that children having missed vaccination were followed up,re-vaccinated and classified,has been built in guangling district of yangzhou city since 2008,which significantly improved the vaccination rate of planned immunization in this district.This work has been approved by yangzhou center for disease control and prevention and been recommended to be applied in counties or districts.This paper probes into this mode from such aspects as how to revaccinate,how to handle floating children and how to transfer or remove cards,and it reflects shortages existing in this mode and puts forward countermeasures.
NATURAL ZEOLITES: OCCURRENCE, PROPERTIES, APPLICATIONS.

Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications is the latest book reviewing various aspects of this important family of industrial materials and rock-forming minerals. Unlike many volumes of the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (nee Reviews in Mineralogy ) series, this book was not associated with a short course. It was designed by the editors to combine and synthesize the ever-expanding volume of information about natural zeolites that has accumulated since the publication of Volume 4 of Reviews in Mineralogy ( Mineralogy and Geology of Natural Zeolites , published in 1977 and now out of print). The new book is comprised of 18 chapters, grouped into four sections: Mineralogy (chapters 1 to 5), Occurrence (chapters 6 to 12), Physicochemical Properties (chapters 13 and 14), and Applications (chapters 15 to 18). The breadth of topics covered in this volume make it stand out among its peers in the natural zeolite literature in that it is the most comprehensive treatment of natural zeolites compiled to date. The first section, Mineralogy, contains five chapters covering various aspects of the mineralogy and chemistry of natural zeolites. The first two chapters on zeolite crystal structures (T. Armbruster and M. Gunter) and crystal chemistry (E. Passaglia and R. Sheppard) take on the difficult task of providing brief yet comprehensive reviews of these topics that have alone been the subject of several …
Electron-dense subepithelial glomerular deposits in Henoch-Schönlein purpura syndrome

A case of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) with renal lesions is presented. The clinical, laboratory, and morphologic findings revealed features commonly described in HSP. A renal biopsy revealed diffuse, generalized, proliferative glomerulonephritis. The unusual findings in this case were numerous electron-dense subepithelial deposits ("humps") and a few small intramembranous deposits in the glomerular capillaries without deposits in the mesangium, mimicking those of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The electron-dense deposits were well correlated with deposits of IgG, IgA, C3, C4, C1q, and fibrin-fibrinogen demonstrated by immunofluorescent microscopy.
Nitrogen enrichment of S-doped nanoporous carbon by g-C3N4: Insight into photosensitivity enhancement

Abstract Photosensitive carbonaceous materials were synthesized at 550 °C from the mixture of g-C 3 N 4 and a sulfur containing polymer. The extensive characterization of their surface using adsorption of nitrogen, potentiometric titration, TA/MS, XPS, FTIR, SEM and HR-TEM showed that they are porous and their surface is decorated with various functional groups. These features were even enhanced by air oxidation at 350 °C. Exposure to visible light resulted in a significant photocurrent generation. The band gap energies are 1.56 eV and 2.11 eV for the initial material and its oxidized counterpart, respectively. This photoactivity is linked to complex surface groups containing nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen in various configurations. They act as photosensitizers, analogous to dyes, injecting photogenerated electrons to the carbonaceous matrix. Important assets of these materials for catalysis and solar energy harvesting are their porosity and electrical conductivity.
Complexity of occupational exposures for home health‐care workers: nurses vs. home health aides

Aim To identify occupational exposures for home health-care nurses and aides. Background Home health-care workers’ occupational injury rates in the USA are higher than the national average, yet research on causative exposures and hazards is limited. Methods Participants were interviewed about annual frequency of occupational exposures and hazards. Exposure and hazard means were compared between home health-care nurses and aides using a Wilcoxon two-sample test. Results A majority of the sample was over 40 years old and obese, potentially increasing injury risks. Home health-care nurses performed more clinical tasks, increasing exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Home health-care aides performed more physical tasks with risk for occupational musculoskeletal injuries. They also dispensed oral medications and anti-cancer medications, and were exposed to drug residue at a frequency comparable to home health-care nurses. Both groups were exposed to occupational second-hand smoke. Conclusions Establishing employee safety-related policies, promoting healthy lifestyle among staff, and making engineered tools readily available to staff can assist in decreasing exposures and hazards. Implications for nursing management Implications for nursing management include implementation of health-promotion programmes, strategies to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke, ensuring access to and education on assistive and safety devices, and education for all staff on protection against drug residue.
Interference and inhibition in memory retrieval.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the causes of memory interference and the extent of situations in which these mechanisms operate. First, the chapter discusses some widely held assumptions about the situation of interference, focusing on the idea that such effects arise from competition for access via a shared retrieval cue. This notion is sufficiently general that it may be applied in a variety of interference settings, which is illustrated briefly. Then the classical interference paradigms from which these ideas emerged are reviewed. The chapter also reviews more recent phenomena that both support and challenge classical conceptions of interference. These phenomena provide compelling illustrations of the generality of interference and, consequently, of the importance of understanding its mechanisms. A recent perspective on interference is highlighted that builds upon insights from modern work, while validating intuitions underlying several of the classical interference mechanisms. According to this new perspective, forgetting derives not from acquiring new memories per se, but from the impact of later retrievals of the newly learned material. After discussing findings from several paradigms that support this retrieval-based view, the chapter illustrates how forgetting might be linked to inhibitory processes underlying selective attention.
Świat się zmienia

Excerpt from the Polish translation of Nicholas Mirzoeff's How to See the World (London: Pelican Books, 2015).
An Adaptive Framework for Multistream Classification

A typical data stream classification involves predicting label of data instances generated from a non-stationary process. Studies in the past decade have focused on this problem setting to address various challenges such as concept drift and concept evolution. Most techniques assume availability of class labels associated with unlabeled data instances, soon after label prediction, for further training and drift detection. Moreover, training and test data distributions are assumed to be similar. These assumptions are not always true in practice. For instance, a semi-supervised setting that aims to utilize only a fraction of labels may induce bias during data selection. Consequently, the resulting data distribution of training and test instances may differ. In this paper, we present a novel stream classification problem setting involving two independent non-stationary data generating processes, relaxing the above assumptions. A source stream continuously generates labeled data instances whose distribution is biased compared to that of a target stream which generates unlabeled data instances from the same domain. The problem, we call Multistream Classification, is to predict the class labels of data instances in the target stream, while utilizing labels available on the source stream. Since concept drift can occur asynchronously on these two streams, we design an adaptive framework that uses a technique for supervised concept drift detection in the biased source stream, and unsupervised concept drift detection in the target stream. A weighted ensemble of classifiers is updated after each drift detection on either streams, while utilizing a bias correction mechanism that leverage source information to predict labels of target instances whenever necessary. We empirically evaluate the multistream classifier's performance on both real-world and synthetic datasets, while comparing with various baseline methods and its variants.
Chapter 18: Risk Perception and Risk Tolerance

This chapter provides an overview of the research literature and the important issues regarding risk perception and risk tolerance. The academic literature reveals that various disciplines provide an assortment of perspectives in terms of how to define, describe, and analyze risk. The behavioral finance perspective encompasses the subjective and objective factors of risk within the domains of risk perception and risk tolerance. Risk perception is the subjective decision-making process that an investor uses when evaluating risk and the amount of uncertainty. Risk tolerance is the degree of risk that an investor is willing to endure in the pursuit of a financial objective. A major problem within the risk tolerance literature is the lack of general agreement about issues such as a standard definition, a uniform theory or model, measurement discrepancies, and the growing number of questionnaires. Academic researchers and practitioners are only now starting to study and understand the long-term effects of the financial crisis in 2007 and 2008 on investor risk-taking behavior.
Apprenticeships: Useful Alternative, Tough to Implement

A college education is not everyone’s cup of tea. The United States needs other ways to instill job skills in the younger generation. The German apprenticeship system is sometimes viewed as an appealing alternative. But substantially increasing apprenticeship opportunities in the United States may not be as easy or inviting as it sounds. The German model depends for its success on strong unions and professional licensing requirements. Applying the German method to the United States would require huge — and, for some, hugely unpopular — changes to the structure of the economy.Successfully expanding the availability of apprenticeships in the United States will therefore require real thought. Any American-style apprenticeship model will need to deal effectively with the age-old problem of the “runaway apprentice” — the apprentice who leaves his employer after the employer has invested time and energy in training him, but before the apprentice has been useful enough to make the employer’s investment worthwhile.In centuries past, the problem was dealt with by jailing runaway apprentices. Today, Germany instead denies them union membership or professional licenses. The dominant solution in the United States has been to try to teach job skills at publicly subsidized educational institutions, so students will emerge already valuable to employers, in theory making apprenticeships unnecessary. But this method has not been a smashing success. This paper discusses various ways to encourage apprenticeships — from ensuring that potential apprentices can borrow money to finance apprenticeships in the way they currently borrow for college (thus allowing the employer to avoid having to pay an apprentice more than he is initially worth) to more elaborate public subsidies and changes in the law.
Approximate optimal distributed control of uncertain nonlinear interconnected systems with event-sampled feedback

In this paper, a novel approximate optimal distributed controller for a class of uncertain nonlinear interconnected system with event-sampled state vector is presented by using approximate dynamic programming (ADP). The event-sampled function approximation property of the neural network (NN) is utilized to generate a solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation and subsequently to obtain an optimal control policy of each subsystem in a forward-in-time manner. To relax the accurate knowledge of subsystem and interconnection dynamics, and input gain matrix, a novel NN identifier with event sampled state vector is designed at each subsystem. An adaptive event sampling condition and novel weight tuning rules for the NN identifier and NN controller using the Lyapunov stability theory are derived. To attain optimality faster, an iterative learning scheme is embedded within the inter-event part of the sampling interval along with time-driven learning at the event sampled instants. Further, the benefit of incorporating exploration in this event sampled framework to improve optimality is discussed along with the challenges involved. The state vector of the interconnected system and the weight estimation errors of the NN identifier and controller are demonstrated to be locally uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Finally, the analytical design is verified via simulation.
The Relationship Between Method of Viewing Lectures, Course Ratings, and Course Timing.

Background:In recent years, medical schools have provided students access to video recordings of course lectures, but few studies have investigated the impact of this on ratings of courses and teachers. This study investigated whether the method of viewing lectures was related to student ratings of the course and its components and whether the method used changed over time.Methods:Preclinical medical students indicated whether ratings of course lectures were based primarily on lecture attendance, video capture, or both. Students were categorized into Lecture, Video, or Both groups based on their responses to this question. The data consisted of 7584 student evaluations collected over 2 years.Results:Students who attended live lectures rated the course and its components higher than students who only viewed the video or used both methods, although these differences were very small. Students increasingly watched lectures exclusively by video over time: in comparison with first-year students, second-year stu...
Evaluation of transfer rates of Salmonella from single-use gloves and sleeves to dehydrated pork jerky

Abstract Meat jerky is a popular dried snack food that is typically considered shelf-stable and ready-to-eat. Many jerky processes incorporate post-lethality handling that represents opportunities for contamination through contact with worker hands and gloves. The objective was to identify transfer rates of Salmonella enterica from gloves to dried jerky after handling with three types of single-use gloves (Nitrile, PVC, and PE) and one type of single-use PE-coated sleeve cover. Six Salmonella enterica serovars were mixed and diluted to 7–8 log10 CFU/mL and 2–3 log10 CFU/mL for quantitative and qualitative transfer rate analyses, respectively. For quantitative analysis, high dose inoculum was applied evenly to the palm of the glove and the gloved hands were used to touch three jerky slices successively, simulating a major glove-jerky contact. A total of six inoculations were performed per material (n = 18). For qualitative analysis, low dose inoculum was applied evenly to the palm of the glove and the gloved hands were used to touch the jerky (n = 40) using two contact scenarios (contact with fingers only or fingers and palm) simulating activities associated with hand sorting and packaging. Salmonella were enumerated by plating onto XLT4 following serial dilution or after 24 h enrichment. Salmonella transfer to jerky was significantly greater (P
New Calibration Algorithms for Dielectric-Based Microwave Moisture Sensors

New calibration algorithms for determining moisture content in granular and particulate materials from measurement of the dielectric properties at a single microwave frequency are proposed. The algorithms are based on identifying, empirically, correlations between the dielectric properties and the partial densities of water and dry matter of a given material. Both situations, where the bulk density is known or unknown, were considered. Validations of the performance of the new algorithms are presented for grain and seed samples for which the dielectric properties were measured by a free-space transmission technique at 10 GHz and 24 °C.
Bidirectional Linkages Between Emotion Recognition and Problem Behaviors in Elementary School Children

Cross-sectional studies support negative associations between children's skills in recognizing emotional expressions and their problem behaviors. Few studies have examined these associations over time, however, precluding our understanding of the direction of effects. Emotion recognition difficulties may contribute to the development of problem behaviors; additionally, problem behaviors may constrain the development of emotion recognition skill. The present study tested the bidirectional linkages between children's emotion recognition and teacher-reported problem behaviors in 1st and 3rd grade. Specifically, emotion recognition, hyperactivity, internalizing behaviors, and externalizing behaviors were assessed in 117 children in 1st grade and in 3rd grade. Results from fully cross-lagged path models revealed divergent developmental patterns: Controlling for concurrent levels of problem behaviors and first-grade receptive language skills, lower emotion recognition in 1st grade significantly predicted greater internalizing behaviors, but not hyperactivity or externalizing behaviors, in 3rd grade. Moreover, greater hyperactivity in 1st grade marginally predicted lower emotion recognition in 3rd grade, but internalizing and externalizing behaviors were not predictive of emotion recognition over time. Together, these findings extend previous research to identify specific developmental pathways, whereby emotion recognition difficulties contribute to the development of internalizing behaviors, and early hyperactivity may contribute to the development of emotion recognition difficulties, thus highlighting the importance of examining these processes and their mutual development over time.
Development of a Converter-Based Transmission Line Emulator With Three-Phase Short-Circuit Fault Emulation Capability

A transmission line emulator has been developed to flexibly represent interconnected ac lines under normal operating conditions in a voltage-source-converter-based power system emulation platform. As the most serious short-circuit fault condition, the three-phase short-circuit fault emulation is essential for power system studies. This paper proposes a model to realize a three-phase short-circuit fault emulation at different locations along a single transmission line or one of several parallel-connected transmission lines. At the same time, a combination method is proposed to eliminate the undesired transients caused by the current reference step changes while switching between the fault state and the normal state. Experiment results verify the developed transmission line three-phase short-circuit fault emulation capability.
Role of Host Genetics in Lymphoma

This chapter covers the role of host genetic background in determining the risk of development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and summarizes the new developments on the relationship between the host genetic polymorphisms and clinical outcome in NHL. The technical aspects of identifying host genetic polymorphisms and potential clinical applications for risk stratification of NHL based on host genetic polymorphisms are discussed.
An improved atomizer with high output of nanoparticles

Abstract Filtration efficiency test of nanofibrous media requires particle generator to produce particles with small count median diameter (CMD) and high production rate. In EN 1822-5 standard, material recommended for particle generation is diethylhexylsebacyte (DEHS) due to its low volatility and stability. To obtain stable particle size and safe operation environment, it is preferred to use pure DEHS rather than solution with DEHS dissolved in solvent. In this work, two methods were used to reduce size of particles from pneumatic atomizer: mesh attachment and quick dilution. The results showed that the mesh can effectively reduce the CMD without compromising particle output, and quick dilution can significantly reduce the CMD with a higher particle output. By attaching mesh, the nozzle outlet with multiple holes can take advantage of smaller nozzle size while keeping enough airflow rate to draw the liquid. The quick dilution can greatly reduce the particle concentration right after spraying, and hence slow down the rate of particle coagulation. With mesh attached and dilution flow rate of 105 L/min, CMD of particles from improved atomizer was 104 nm, which was 56 nm smaller than that of original atomizer, and particle output was 6.30 × 1012 #/min, which was 3 times higher than that of original atomizer.
Biosynthesis of acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate in subcellular fractions of rat liver.

The activity of acyl-CoA:dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase in rat liver was studied by measuring the formation of labeled lipid from dihydroxyacetone [32P]phosphate and either palmitoyl-CoA or a mixture of palmitate, CoA, and ATP. Bovine serum albumin stimulated the activity of the enzyme several-fold. In the presence of albumin the acyltransferase activity in mitochondria was much higher than in microsomes. The labeled lipid was identified as acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate by its chromatographic and chemical properties. The acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate-synthesizing enzyme was also present in particulate fractions of rat kidney, heart, testis, spleen, brain, and adipose tissue. The formation of glycerolipid from dihydroxyacetone phosphate in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes was also studied by using [1-14C]palmitate, ATP, CoA, and other cofactors. [14C]Acyl dehydroxyacetone phosphate was the principal product in both mitochondria and microsomes. Phosphatidic acid and neutral glycerides were formed when either NADPH or NADH was also included in the reaction mixture. However, the major amount of glycerides formed in the presence of NADH was, possibly, due to the acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate. The glycerol 3-phosphate was formed in the reaction mixture by the reduction of the added dihydroxyacetone phosphate with NADH, catalyzed by the glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) present in the mitochondrial or microsomal fractions. This activity of the glycerophosphate dehydrogenase could not be removed from mitochondrial or microsomal particles by repeated washings with 0.25 m sucrose.
The effects of decapsulation on ion movements across the lens of the toad, Bufo marinus Influence on drug actions

The lens of the toad Bufo marinus, like that of mammals, slowly gains Na and loses K when incubated in vitro. This process is facilitated by a low temperature (5° C), iodoacetate, cyanide, or ouabain. The ratio of Na/K exchange is about 1.5. Decapsulation of the lens (following brief incubation in collagenase) did not change its ionic content. Such lenses maintained their Na levels in vitro better than normal ones and lost K at a similar rate, so that the Na/K exchange was about 0.7. Ouabain still exerts its effects in the decapsulated lens, while ethacrynic acid facilitated Na accumulation more so than in the intact tissue. Ethacrynic acid did not alter K loss. Acetylcholine, eserine, pilocarpine, phospholine iodide, and atropine did not alter the movements of Na or K across intact or decapsulated lenses of the toad. Demecarium promoted extra accumulation of Na in both situations.
Psychologie der optischen Wahrnehmung

Hofmann, F. B.: Die Lehre vom Raumsinn des Auges. Berlin 1920 (Sonderabdruck aus Hdb. d. Augenheilk.). — Sander, F.: Experimentelle Ergebnisse der Gestaltpsychologie, Ber. ub. d. X. Kongr. f. exp. Psychol. in Bonn 23–87. Jena 1928. — Witasek, ST.: Psychologie der Raumwahrnehmung des Auges. Heidelberg 1910.
National Policy Agendas Encounter the City: Complexities of Political-Spatial Implementation:

This article examines implementation of national political agendas in two urban settings—Israel’s program aimed at sole sovereign control of Jerusalem and Northern Ireland’s effort to build peace i...
Elevated Wall Tension Leads to Reduced miR‐133a in the Thoracic Aorta by Exosome Release

Background Reduced miR‐133a was previously found to be associated with thoracic aortic (TA) dilation, as seen in aneurysm disease. Because wall tension increases with vessel diameter (Law of Laplac...
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF AUTONOMOUS LINEAR SYSTEMS BY A MATRIX DECOMPOSITION METHOD

A special matrix decomposition method is presented for studying stability of autonomous linear systems. This decomposition appears to lead to a simple formulation capable of providing sufficient stability conditions for such systems. The method does not require solving the general state equations or searching for the appropriate Lyapunov functions. Several criteria regarding the stability of linear autonomous systems are established. A few examples of the applications of the results are also presented.
Observation of live cells' attachment, spreading, and drug interactions using metasurface-enhanced infrared reflection spectroscopy

Optical spectroscopy is a powerful technique that allows for label-free, noninvasive, and real time characterization of biomolecules. Compared with other optical techniques that relies on the shift of a single resonance, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors and optical-grating-based cell assays, spectroscopic techniques can discriminate between different chemical species and are suited for analyzing often complex biological samples. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) based on top-down fabricated substrates such as nanoantennas, nanoslits, and metasurfaces has been demonstrated as a versatile technique that can enhance the IR signal and characterize small amounts of adsorbed protein and lipid films. Here, we demonstrate the use metasurface-enhanced infrared reflection spectroscopy (MEIRS) to observe live cells cultured on top of the plasmonic metasurface. MEIRS has a penetration depth on the order of tens of nanometers, longer than surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and yet shorter than attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. This makes MEIRS uniquely suited for probing the surface of a cell, to observe features such as protein expression in the cell membrane and cellular adhesion. This has important implications in the detection of cancer cells through spectroscopic cytology, as cancer cells differ from regular cells significantly in the expression of membrane proteins and adhesion molecules. In this work, we demonstrate the observation of cancer cell adhesion through IR spectroscopic mapping. Furthermore, we show the effect of different anticancer cocktails (doxorubicin, salinomycin, and their combination) on cancer cells, as observed by MEIRS.
Development of Exercise as Interception Therapy for Cancer: A Review.

Importance Observational data linking physical activity and exercise exposure with reduced risk of either development or progression of cancer have fueled interest in the initiation of large-scale definitive trials to test the association of exercise therapy with disease outcomes. However, several major knowledge gaps impede the rational and optimal design of such trials. Observations Critical requirements underpinning the success of several recent contemporary anticancer agents have included adequate demonstration of antitumor activity (in phase 1/2 trials) as well as identification of essential prerequisites (eg, biologically effective dose and predictors of response) permitting optimal design of definitive trials. The existing evidence base investigating exercise as a candidate anticancer preventive or treatment strategy is predominantly confined to observational data, which have several inherent limitations. Consequently, the antitumor activity of exercise remains unclear and, perhaps more important, such data are not sufficient to accurately derive the exercise dose, prescription regimen, or patients most likely to benefit from exercise. In adherence with translational frameworks for lifestyle therapy development, the need for early phase 1/2–equivalent trials to fill current knowledge gaps to optimize the development and potential efficacy of exercise therapy is highlighted. Conclusions and Relevance Exercise therapy has significant promise to be an efficacious and cost-effective therapy to improve cancer outcomes, with few toxic effects. Although most nontraditional therapies in cancer prevention and prognosis fail in definitive trials, these failures provide critical lessons for the continued development of exercise as a candidate anticancer therapy.
Medium and Tissue Sugar Concentrations during Cytokinin-Controlled Growth of Tobacco Callus Tissues

In the course of our work to define the tobacco tissue culture system for molecular studies on growth and development, we have shown that logarithmic growth rates are dependent on the cytokinin concentrations in the medium (Helgeson et al., 1969), and that these rates can be modified to some extent by the addition of gibberellic acid to the medium (Helgeson and Upper, 1970). Maximal yields of tobacco callus tissues are dependent on the amount of carbohydrate in the medium and not influenced by a wide range of hormonal regimes (Upper et al., 1970). We now report the results of our study on the relationships between hormonally programmed growth and sugar concentrations in the medium and the tissue from initial planting of the tissue until senescence.
Gruppe der Enteroviren

Enteroviren siedeln sich vorubergehend im Magen-Darmtrakt an (im Beginn einer Erstinfektion konnen sie allerdings auch im Nasopharynx gefunden werden). Diese Viren kommen in zahlreichen Antigentypen vor und weisen folgende Eigenschaften auf: 1. Grose der Partikel etwa 28 mμ im Durchmesser, 2. Innenkorper aus Ribonucleinsaure, 3. Atherresistenz und 4. Stabilisierung durch Kationen bei der thermischen Inaktivierung. Einige Stamme dieser Gruppe konnen bei Primaten und auch bei Nagetieren zu neuralen Lasionen fuhren, andere fuhren wiederum zu Lasionen in der Muskulatur, im Pankreas und im braunen Fett neugeborener Mause und noch wieder andere fuhren zu keiner Erkrankung bei irgendeinem Laboratoriumstier. Die meisten Stamme sind cytopathogen fur Primatenzellen, aber eine ganze Reihe sind auch noch nicht in Zellkulturen vermehrt worden. Obwohl man fur die Kultivierung der meisten Enteroviren Gewebekulturen aus Affennierenzellen vorzieht, so kennt man doch eine Reihe von Stammen, die am besten oder auch ausschlieslich in menschlichen Embryonalzellen oder in Amnion- oder HeLazeIlen vermehrt werden konnen. Einige Stamme stellen an das Wachstumsmedium hohere Anspruche als die meisten anderen Stamme und vermehren sich optimal bei 33–34°C unter leicht sauren Bedingungen in gedrehten Kulturen (von einzelnen Autoren werden diese Viren auch als Rhinoviren bezeichnet). Einige Stamme besitzen ein spezifisches Hamagglutinin, andere dagegen nicht. Die Enteroviren enthalten komplementbindende Antigene, die sich als spezifisch erweisen, wenn sie zusammen mit Hyperimmunseren von Laboratoriumstieren verwendet werden.
Correcting a Nonparametric Two-sample Graph Hypothesis Test for Graphs with Different Numbers of Vertices

Random graphs are statistical models that have many applications, ranging from neuroscience to social network analysis. Of particular interest in some applications is the problem of testing two random graphs for equality of generating distributions. Tang et al. (2017) propose a test for this setting. This test consists of embedding the graph into a low-dimensional space via the adjacency spectral embedding (ASE) and subsequently using a kernel two-sample test based on the maximum mean discrepancy. However, if the two graphs being compared have an unequal number of vertices, the test of Tang et al. (2017) may not be valid. We demonstrate the intuition behind this invalidity and propose a correction that makes any subsequent kernel- or distance-based test valid. Our method relies on sampling based on the asymptotic distribution for the ASE. We call these altered embeddings the corrected adjacency spectral embeddings (CASE). We show that CASE remedies the exchangeability problem of the original test and demonstrate the validity and consistency of the test that uses CASE via a simulation study. We also apply our proposed test to the problem of determining equivalence of generating distributions of subgraphs in Drosophila connectome.
Optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging method. Using infrared broadband light sources, images of superficial skin layers can be obtained in vivo and real time. In dermatology, OCT can be used for investigation of skin tumors and inflammatory skin diseases, for quantification of skin changes, and for evaluation of treatment effects (Gambichler et al., J Dermatol Sci 40:85–94, 2005; Gambichler et al., Arch Derm Res 303:457–473, 2011; Huang et al., Science 254:1178–1181, 1991; Pagnoni et al., Skin Res Technol 5:83–87, 1999; Pierce et al., J Invest Dermatol 123:458–463, 2004; Schmitt, Dermatology 217:12–13, 2008; Welzel et al., J Am Acad Dermatol 37:958–963, 1997; Welzel, Skin Res Technol 7:1–9, 2001).
Technical Perspective: From Sketching to Natural Language: Expressive Visual Querying for Accelerating Insight

Visualization enables effective data exploration by harnessing the higher bandwidth interactivity of the human visual cortex. But the space of possible visualizations is immense, such that general abstractions for creating (i.e., finding) the right visualization are elusive, despite recent progressin systems like vega [2] and Draco [1].
Assessing Intubation Competence During Neonatal Fellowship Training.

* Abbreviations: NPM — : neonatal-perinatal medicine NTI — : neonatal tracheal intubation The ability to provide competent airway management and respiratory support for compromised neonates necessitates critically important skills. Fortunately, only 4% to 10% of newborns need positive pressure ventilation immediately after birth, and appropriate bag mask positive pressure ventilation is often sufficient.1 When neonatal tracheal intubation (NTI) is needed, either for resuscitation in the delivery room or for more chronic ventilation, competence with NTI is a lifesaving skill. Opportunities to intubate in the neonatal period have decreased over time for a number of reasons. Routine transient intubation to suction meconium from the trachea is no longer recommended, even when an infant is depressed at birth.2 Laryngeal mask airway, which requires little training to place, is now available to help support some infants’ respiratory needs for an intermediate period of time, either eliminating the … Address correspondence to Patricia R. Chess, MD, MS, Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children’s Hospital and University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Av, Rochester, NY 14642. E-mail: patricia_chess{at}urmc.rochester.edu
Indirect Wayfinding Navigation System for the Elderly

Difficulty in wayfinding is one of the signs of ageing. Different types of people have the same difficulty in navigation including older people, people with mild dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and head injury. These problems do not only impact the person’s life and expose them to different risks, but their caregivers also report personal issues such as depression. This study aims to address this issue by creating a smart phone application called Indirect Wayfinding (IW) that helps affected people and their caregivers by acting as a guide to the elderly person. This paper reviews and summarizes the shortages of the current GPS-based solutions that need to be overcome, and then proposes a solution that mainly uses geofencing technology. This paper outlines the conceptual design, the mobile application, an algorithm to detect the direction of the user, feedback on the design from the caregivers, and an evaluation of the geofencing technology.
Essential Hospitality Management Competencies: The Importance of Soft Skills

To meet the needs of the rapidly changing hospitality industry educators must continually investigate which competencies are essential for graduates to possess and revise the curriculum to meet these needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the essential competencies and to determine whether differences exist between competencies needed by managers in lodging, food and beverage, and meeting and event management. Of the competencies deemed essential, 86% were soft competencies. Between functional work areas, no difference in importance was found for 76% of the competencies. The results indicate that programs should stress teaching hospitality students soft competencies in favor of hard competencies.
Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in Pregnant Women with Epilepsy in the United States (S45.007)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to describe the risk for death and other adverse outcomes around the time of delivery in a large population based sample of pregnant women with epilepsy (WWE) in the United States. BACKGROUND: Between 0.1-0.8[percnt] of all pregnancies occur to WWE. Existing evidence suggests an increased maternal death rate at the time of labor and delivery in WWE. However, maternal mortality in WWE has never been quantified in a large study population. DESIGN/METHODS: We utilized data from the 2007-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify delivery hospitalizations in WWE and women without epilepsy (WWOE). RESULTS: A weighted sample of 69,385 WWE and 20,449,532 WWOE was identified. WWE had a risk of death during delivery hospitalization of 80 per 100,000, significantly higher than the 6 per 100,000 risk found among WWOE (relative risk 12.66, and 95[percnt] confidence interval 9.68-16.56). The association remained highly significant after adjusting for demographic characteristics (adjusted relative risk: 11.72 (8.69-15.80)). WWE were also at a heightened risk for other adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia (1.36, 95[percnt] CI: 1.31-1.41) and preterm labor (1.51, 95[percnt] CI: 1.47-1.55), and had more health care utilization, including an increased risk of cesarean section (1.41, 95[percnt] CI: 1.38-1.43) and prolonged length of hospital stay (>6 day stay: 2.54, 95[percnt] CI: 2.43-2.65). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that WWE are at considerably heightened risk for many adverse outcomes during their delivery admission, including an over 10 fold increased risk of maternal death, and suggests that increased clinical attention is imperative for these pregnancies. Study Supported by: SHD gratefully acknowledges support of the National Institute for Mental Health (Grant R01MH100216). BTB was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the NIH under Award Number K08HD075831. Disclosure: Dr. MacDonald has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bateman has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Anesthesiology. Dr. McElrath has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hernandez-Diaz has nothing to disclose.
Association of dopamine D2 receptor and leptin receptor genes with clinically severe obesity.

Objective The brain reward circuits that promote drug abuse may also be involved in pleasure seeking behavior and food cravings observed in severely obese subjects. Drug addiction polymorphisms such as the TaqI A1 allele of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) are associated with cocaine, alcohol, and opioid use, but few studies have linked DRD2 to food craving. Other genes such as the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) and mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) that affect appetite and pleasure centers in the brain may also influence food addiction and obesity. The three genes together may function synergistically. Design and Methods To evaluate associations between candidate genes, food craving, overeating, and BMI, we administered questionnaires including Power of Food Scale and Food Craving Inventory, conducted anthropometric measures, and collected blood from patients undergoing weight-loss treatment. Questionnaires and DNA specimens were collected for 80 participants. Results Participants were mostly female (74%) and Caucasian (79%), with an average age of 53 years old. Mean BMI for all participants was 43 kg/m2 and was significantly associated in a linear fashion with Food Craving Inventory scores (P=0.0001) and Power of Food (P=0.02). The DRD2 TaqI A1 allele was significantly associated with BMI (P=0.04), while LEPR Lys109Arg and OPRM1 A118G variants were not. We stratified DRD2 by LEPR and OPRM1, and observed a significant interaction (P = 0.04) between DRD2 and LEPR, and a marginally significant interaction (P=0.06) between DRD2 and OPRM1. Conclusion Genes associated with addictive behavior and appetite control may therefore, in combination, markedly influence development of clinically severe obesity.
Experimental Models of Asbestos-Related Diseases

Much of our understanding of the mechanisms by which asbestos injures the lung has been derived from experimental animal studies. Such studies have confirmed the fibrogenic and carcinogenic properties of asbestos fibers that have been surmised from human observations and have provided insights into the ways in which asbestos fibers interact with biological systems. Models commonly used to study asbestos-induced disease involve inhalation exposure to asbestos, intratracheal instillation, and in vitro studies of various cellular systems. Each of these techniques has particular advantages and disadvantages.
Synthesis and Reactions of Alkylcobalt and Acylcobalt Tetracarbonyls

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the synthesis and reactions of alkylcobalt and acylcobalt tetracarbonyls. This chapter reviews the methods of preparation and the chemistry of the alkylcobalt and acylcobalt tetracarbonyls. These compounds are among the most thoroughly studied of the organo-substituted transition metal carbonyl derivatives. Recent evidence suggests that the mechanisms of reaction of the various transition metal compounds are closely related. The information obtained from the alkylcobalt and acylcobalt tetracarbonyls provides a basis for predicting the reactions of other transition metal compounds. The very reactive alkylcobalt and acylcobalt tetracarbonyls produces the same products in most reactions. Some ligands can replace coordinated carbon monoxide in the complexes. Several reactions of alkylcobalt and acylcobalt tetracarbonyls are known to be useful for the synthesis of organic compounds, and organocobalt carbonyl chemistry will probably find its major applications in this area.
Do Stock Indexes Have Abnormal Performance

Using a four-factor model the authors generate alphas and factor loadings for a set of stock market indexes. Indexes are essentially unmanaged portfolios; therefore their alphas should be insignificant. Since unmanaged indexes do not follow any particular momentum strategy, factor loadings for the momentum factor should also be insignificant. Contrary to our expectations we report many significant alphas and significant factor loadings on the momentum factor. Additionally, index construction method and orientation impact the sign and magnitude of the alphas. Their findings indicate that a fund’s alpha should be adjusted when its benchmark index alpha is also significant.
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of A Novel Biomimetic Tetranuclear Manganese Aggregate

Publisher Summary Since the late 18th century discovery by Joseph Priestley that plants evolve a life supporting gas, the photosynthetic oxidation of water to dioxygen has been studied extensively. In recent years, the photosynthetic water – splitting enzyme of chloroplasts was shown to contain a manganese aggregate at its active site. Its molecular structure, however, is not known yet despite numerous spectroscopic and biochemical studies. Besides its normal, four electron redox activity, the water splitting enzyme can evolve O 2 in the absence of light from H 2 O 2 . This process is believed to involve the S 0 and S 2 states. This chapter presents the results of synthesis and molecular structure of a novel biomimetic tetranuclear Manganese aggregate.
Interactions of DDT with the Nervous System of the Resistant and Susceptible German Cockroaches

DDT is regarded as a nerve poison in insects and mammals chiefly from the symptomological, electrophysiological and biochemical points of view1,2. The actual mechanism of DDT poisoning at the target, however, is not known.
1001. Metabolic Biotinylation of Cell Surface Receptors for In Vivo Imaging

A versatile, potent technique for imaging cells in culture and in vivo has been achieved by expressing a metabolically biotinylated reporter protein on the cell surface and visualizing this transgene product with labeled streptavidin moieties. The recombinant reporter protein incorporates the prokaryotic Propionibacterium shermanii 1.3S transcarboxylase domain biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) between an N-terminal signal sequence and the PDGF receptor transmembrane domain (TM,Fig. 1). Western blot analysis of cell homogenates, immunocytochemistry of non-permeablized cells and FACS analysis demonstrated that this BAP-TM reporter protein is efficiently biotinylated by endogenous biotin ligase in mammalian cells with the biotin displayed on the cell surface. Magnetic resonance and fluorescence tomographic imaging in vivo showed significant decrease in the spin-spin relaxation time T2 and over 15-fold increase in fluorescence in BAP-TM-reporter-expressing tumors as compared to control tumors following intravascular injection of streptavidin- magnetic nanoparticles or streptavidin-Alexa680 conjugates, respectively. This reporter proved to be more efficient for magnetic resonance imaging than an engineered transferrin receptor reporter previously developed in our laboratory. Moreover, intravascular injection of streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates, in conjunction with a gadolinium-based magnetic resonance agent sensitive to peroxidase activity, selectively enhanced BAP-TM- reporter expressing tumors. This BAP-TM reporter allows for non- invasive real time imaging of any cell type transduced to express it in culture or in vivo, and should be compatible with use in humans since streptavidin-biotin system and paramagnetic nanoparticles are being used in clinical trials.