cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Endonasal Transrotundum Middle Fossa Exposure: Technique of Transpterygoid Maxillary Nerve Transposition.

Objective Middle fossa floor access can be challenging. Open skull base approaches have associated morbidity and yield suboptimal working angles around the temporal lobe. Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the middle fossa are poorly described, but provide an improved angle. I hypothesized that the length of the maxillary nerve can be transposed out of the foramen rotundum to provide a path to expose the full width of the middle fossa floor through the anterolateral and anteromedial triangle. Methods Endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid dissections to expose the middle fossa were performed bilaterally on 2 silicone-injected cadaveric heads (4 sides). Transposition of V2 was then performed on all sides, and additional middle fossa exposure was achieved. High-resolution computed tomography imaging was obtained to quantify the extent of exposure. A transzygomatic approach was also performed for comparison. Results The maxillary nerve was successfully transposed in each dissection. A periosteal fold was identified to assist in the mobilization of the infraorbital nerve. The average middle fossa exposure achieved without transposition was 50% (of the medial to lateral width). Transposition increased that to 95%. Comparison with the open transzygomatic approach demonstrated superior surgical trajectory (inferior to superior) with the endonasal route. Conclusions Endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approaches with or without transposition of the maxillary nerve provide a reasonable option for sequentially exposing the entire medial to lateral extent of the anterolateral triangle. It provides an advantageous inferior to superior surgical angle and can be considered for treatment of select middle fossa floor pathology.
A ‘light for all humanity’: the treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons and the progress of humanitarian disarmament

ABSTRACTReframing nuclear weapons as a humanitarian issue revolutionised the diplomatic debate surrounding them, and in 2017, 122 countries adopted the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons ...
Participation in Contentious Politics: Rethinking the Roles of News, Social Media, and Conversation Amid Divisiveness

When political disputes devolve into heated partisan conflicts, do the factors known to trigger electoral political engagement continue to operate, or do they change? We consider this question duri...
The Genes for and Regulation of the Enzyme Activities of two Multifunctional Proteins Required for the De Novo Pathway for UMP Biosynthesis in Mammals

The biosynthesis of the first pyrimidine nucleotide, UMP, universally requires six enzymes (Reichard 1959): a glutamine-utilizing carbamyl-P synthetase (Levenberg 1962); aspartate transcarbamylase; dihydroorotase; a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (Taylor et al. 1966) that couples with the respiratory chain (and not with NAD); orotate phos-phoribosyltransferase and orotidylate decarboxylase (Fig. 1).
Youthful Peak Experiences in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Implications for Educators and Counselors

Since Abraham Maslow’s death in 1970, his concept of peak experience has enlarged our understanding of human spirituality. It has also influenced a host of fields ranging from personality theory to education, health care, organizational psychology, and counseling. Though Maslow contended that children and teens undergo peak experiences, he never explored this topic systematically.
NASCAR in Mexico: the US expansion of motorsport into Hispanic culture

NASCAR (The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing) has instituted an aggressive growth campaign. NASCAR's compelling challenge is to retain its core fan base - south-eastern US consumers - while also attracting a new upscale demographic and an international following. One targeted initiative was a three-year commitment to feature the NASCAR Busch Series at the Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez, near Mexico City. This paper explores the assimilation of NASCAR's core product into a Hispanic subculture, observes the media's depiction of the expansion, and discusses the US fan reaction to racing in Mexico.
Consultation/Liaison Management in the General Hospital

This case demonstrates the basic principles of working with BPD as employed by the psychiatric consultant in the general hospital setting. Diagnostic disclosure establishes appropriate expectations for treatment and may improve patient and clinician interaction. Effective consultants are flexible and practical, reassuring to the patient while at the same time containing reactivity and encouraging introspection. Finally, this case highlights the vital role psychiatric consultants play in improving quality of care for borderline patients through crisis intervention and liaison efforts.
RITUAL EMULATION OF ANCIENT MAYA ELITE MORTUARY TRADITIONS DURING THE CLASSIC PERIOD (AD 250–900) AT CAHAL PECH, BELIZE

In this study, we employ multiple lines of evidence to elucidate the use of mortuary ritual by the ruling elite at the ancient Maya site of Cahal Pech, Belize, during the Early Classic and early Late Classic periods (AD 250–630). The interments of multiple individuals in Burial 7 of Structure B1, the central structure of an Eastern Triadic Assemblage or “E-group” style architectural complex, were in a manner not consistent with the greater Belize River Valley, the only multiple individual human burial yet encountered at Cahal Pech. The sequential interments contained a suggestive quantity of high-quality artifacts, further setting them apart from their contemporaries. Among these artifacts were a set of bone rings and a hairpin inscribed with hieroglyphs, some of the few inscriptions ever found at Cahal Pech. We analyzed regional mortuary patterns, radiogenic strontium values, and radiocarbon data to test hypotheses about who these individuals were in life, why they were treated differently in death, and to reconstruct the sequence of events of this complex mortuary deposit. We contend that the mortuary practices in Burial 7 indicate an attempt by the Cahal Pech elite to identify with cities or regions outside the Belize River Valley area.
Long-Term Stability of Condylectomy and Costochondral Graft Reconstruction for Treatment of Idiopathic Condylar Resorption.

Purpose To assess and update long-term outcomes of endoscopic condylectomy and costochondral graft (CCG) reconstruction for treatment of active idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR). Patients and Methods This study is a continuation of a retrospective cohort study of patients with active ICR who underwent bilateral condylectomies and CCG reconstruction from 1999 to 2016. Predictor variables were demographic and operative factors. The primary outcome variable was occlusal stability, as defined by normal overbite (1 to 4 mm) at latest follow-up. Overbite; overjet; the angle formed by the sella, nasion, and B point (SNB); mandibular plane angle; and ramus-and-condyle unit height were measured. Time points were preoperative (T0) and immediate (T1), 1 year (T2), 2 years (T3), 3 to 5 years (T4), and at least 5 years (T5) postoperative. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed. A Firth logistic regression model was used to identify variables associated with occlusal instability. Results Twenty-six patients (25 female; mean age, 23.1 yr) who underwent bilateral endoscopic condylectomies and CCG reconstruction were included: 14 from the original cohort and 12 additional patients for the present analysis. Median follow-up was 3.65 years (range, 1.11 to 17.1 yr). Preoperatively, all patients had a Class II malocclusion with a mean overjet of 6.89 mm (range, 1.2 to 17.1 mm) and a mean anterior open bite of −2.12 mm (range, −0.4 to −7.9 mm). Normal overbite (1 to 4 mm) and overjet (2 to 4 mm) were achieved postoperatively in all patients. There were no significant changes in overjet, overbite, SNB, mandibular plane angle, and ramus-and-condyle unit height from T1 to T4. At latest follow-up, 88.5% of patients had a normal overbite. Three patients developed an anterior open bite postoperatively: 1 at 2 years (0.1 mm; preoperative, −3.4), 1 at 9 years (−0.8 mm; preoperative −7.9), and 1 at 11 years (−1.3 mm; preoperative −1.1). Subjects at T5 (n = 9 of 26) had mean overjet and overbite of 3.48 and 1.56 mm, respectively. Non-white race and follow-up time were significant predictors of occlusal instability in the regression model. Conclusions Stable and predictable long-term outcomes can be achieved using endoscopic condylectomy and CCG reconstruction for treatment of active ICR.
Altruism or Self-Interest? Exploring the Motivations of Open Access Authors

More than 250 authors at Utah State University published an Open Access (OA) article in 2016. Analysis of survey results and publication data from Scopus suggests that the following factors led authors to choose OA venues: ability to pay publishing charges, disciplinary colleagues’ positive attitudes toward OA, and personal feelings such as altruism and desire to reach a wide audience. Tenure status was not an apparent factor. This article adds to the body of literature on author motivations and can inform library outreach and marketing efforts, the creation of new publishing models, and the conversation about the larger scholarly publishing landscape.
Biosensor-assisted high performing cell selection using an E. coli toxin/antitoxin system

Abstract Selection for high-producing cells in a mixed population is of great significance for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering applications. Here, we developed a cell selection mechanism that utilized a product-responsive biosensor to control the expression of E. coli endogenous toxin hipA or antitoxin hipB genes for selective removal of low-performing cells. This approach eliminates the use of exogenous antibiotics as the selection marker and offers a solution to flexibly meet the need of using either downregulating (off-switch) or upregulating (on-switch) biosensors. As a proof-of-concept, we showed that the developed cell selection systems encompassing a tryptophan biosensor (off-switch) and the toxin hipA gene dramatically enhanced the tryptophan production in E. coli, which was mechanistically characterized by monitoring the dynamic expression of the GFP-labelled hipA gene. The cell selection system was also extended for phenylalanine over-production using a phenylalanine biosensor (on-switch) and the antitoxin gene hipB. Our findings show that this approach has strong potential for wide applications in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.
Close Patient Follow-up Among Patients Receiving Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy

Background Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs allow patients to receive intravenous treatment in the outpatient setting. We developed a predictive model of 30-day readmission among hospitalized patients discharged on OPAT from 2 academic medical centers with a dedicated OPAT clinic for management. Methods A retrospective medical records review was performed and logistic regression was used to assess OPAT and other outpatient clinic follow-up in conjunction with age, sex, pathogen, diagnosis, discharge medication, planned length of therapy, and Charlson comorbidity score. We hypothesized that at least 1 follow-up visit at the Emory OPAT clinic would reduce the risk for hospital readmission within 30 days. Results Among 755 patients, 137 (18%) were readmitted within 30 days. Most patients (73%) received outpatient follow-up care at Emory Healthcare within 30 days of discharge or prior to readmission, including 52% of patients visiting the OPAT clinic. The multivariate logistic regression model indicated that a follow-up OPAT clinic visit was associated with lower readmission compared to those who had no follow-up visit (odds ratio, 0.10 [95% confidence interval, .06-.17]) after adjusting for infection with enterococci, Charlson score, discharge location, and county of residence. Conclusions These results can inform potential interventions to prevent readmissions through OPAT clinic follow-up and to further assess factors associated with successful care transitions from the inpatient to outpatient setting.
Exploring bias in mechanical engineering students' perceptions of classmates.

Gender disparity in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields is an on-going challenge. Gender bias is one of the possible mechanisms leading to such disparities and has been extensively studied. Previous work showed that there was a gender bias in how students perceived the competence of their peers in undergraduate biology courses. We examined whether there was a similar gender bias in a mechanical engineering course. We conducted the study in two offerings of the course, which used different instructional practices. We found no gender bias in peer perceptions of competence in either of the offerings. However, we did see that the offerings’ different instructional practices affected aspects of classroom climate, including: the number of peers who were perceived to be particularly knowledgeable, the richness of the associated network of connections between students, students’ familiarity with each other, and their perceptions about the course environment. These results suggest that negative bias against female students in peer perception is not universal, either across institutions or across STEM fields, and that instructional methods may have an impact on classroom climate.
Structure and chemistry of lysinoalanine crosslinking in the spirochaete flagella hook

The flagellar hook protein FlgE from spirochaete bacteria self-catalyzes the formation of an unusual inter-subunit lysinoalanine (Lal) crosslink that is critical for cell motility. Unlike other known examples of Lal biosynthesis, conserved cysteine and lysine residues in FlgE spontaneously react to form Lal without the involvement of additional enzymes. Oligomerization of FlgE via its D0 and Dc domains drives assembly of the crosslinking site at the D1-D2 domain interface. Structures of the FlgED2 domain, dehydroalanine (DHA) intermediate and Lal crosslinked FlgE subunits reveal successive snapshots of the reaction. Cys178 flips from a buried configuration to release hydrogen sulfide (H2S/HS-) and produce DHA. Interface residues provide hydrogen bonds to anchor the active site, facilitate β-elimination of Cys178 and polarize the peptide backbone to activate DHA for reaction with Lys165. Cysteine-reactive molecules accelerate DHA formation, whereas nucleophiles can intercept the DHA intermediate, thereby indicating a potential for Lal crosslink inhibitors to combat spirochaetal diseases.
A Hierarchy of Medicine: Health Strategies of Elder Khmer Refugees in the United States

This study addresses ways Khmer refugee elders utilize traditional herbal medicine with Western biomedicine in the treatment and prevention of illnesses. Methods include semi-structured and informal interviews with elders and family members, semi-structured interviews with local health care providers and Khmer physicians, and participant observation of everyday life and actions specific to health beliefs and behaviors. Data reveal a reliance on traditional medical ideology for understanding and treating illnesses. Utilizing a traditional ideology, Khmer elders rely heavily on traditional treatments and use Western biomedicine as supplements or adjuncts to traditional preventive and curative practices. This research has important implications for health care providers who treat SEA elders, especially for diet and treatment of chronic illnesses
An Investigation of Large Along-Track Errors in Extratropical Transitioning North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones in the ECMWF Ensemble

AbstractThe synoptic evolution and mechanisms for the largest medium-range (72–120 h) along-track errors of tropical cyclones (TC) are investigated. The mean along-track errors (ATEs) of the 51-mem...
Minority and Women Entrepreneurs Contracting with thw Federal Government

This article uses learning network theory as a foundation upon which the assistance and barriers minority and women entrepreneurs face when attempting to contract with the federal government may be studied. The public policy programs analyzed for this study were the SBA's 8(a) program and the Department of Defense's Procurement Technical Assistance Program (PTAC). The methodology utilized was an in-depth analysis of government contracting experiences in two states, Missouri and Kansas, in the greater Kansas City area via formalized interviews and government data. Research results revealed strong responses to the 8(a) program and its overall effectiveness. Racial issues were of a particular concern, as well as the perceived lack of strength behind 8(a) contracting incentives. The PTAC program was revealed to be reaching a significantly increasing percentage of woman owned businesses, and to a lesser extent, minority-owned businesses while providing a more effective learning strategy for gaining government contracts.
Increasing evidence for omalizumab in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an acquired autoimmune blistering disease characterized by the formation of autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal antigens BP180 and BP230. Although IgG autoantibodies predominate within the plasma and skin of BP patients, some features of the disease cannot be explained solely by IgG-mediated mechanisms.1,2 IgE autoantibodies are also detectable in at least 75% of untreated BP patients and autoreactive IgE-mediated inflammation has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of BP.1,2 Given the multiple immunologic mechanisms thought to be at play in the pathogenesis of BP, omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against IgE, has emerged as a novel treatment alternative. To date, omalizumab has been viewed largely as an adjunctive therapy for refractory cases or cases in which more aggressive immunosuppressive therapy is contraindicated. Here we report the largest case series to date evaluating use of omalizumab for BP, providing novel insight into this therapeutic option and further support for its use in the treatment of BP.
The Unique and Interactive Effects of Patient Race, Patient Socioeconomic Status, and Provider Attitudes on Chronic Pain Care Decisions.

Background Compared to White and high socioeconomic status (SES) patients, Black and low SES patients receive less adequate pain care. Providers may contribute to these disparities by making biased decisions that are driven, in part, by their attitudes about race and SES. Purpose We examined the effects of patient race and SES on providers' chronic pain decisions and the extent to which providers' implicit and explicit attitudes about race and SES were related to these decisions. Methods Physician residents/fellows (n = 436) made pain care decisions for 12 computer-simulated patients with chronic back pain that varied by race (Black/White) and SES (low/high). Physicians also completed measures assessing implicit and explicit attitudes about race and SES. Results There were three significant race-by-SES interactions: (a) For high SES patients, Black (vs. White) patients were rated as having more pain interference; the opposite race difference emerged for low SES patients. (b) For high SES patients, Black (vs. White) patients were rated as being in greater distress; no race difference emerged for low SES patients. (c) For low SES patients, White (vs. Black) patients were more likely to be recommended workplace accommodations; no race difference emerged for high SES patients. Additionally, providers were more likely to recommend opioids to Black (vs. White) and low (vs. high) SES patients, and were more likely to use opioid contracts with low (vs. high) SES patients. Providers' implicit and explicit attitudes predicted some, but not all, of their pain-related ratings. Conclusion These results highlight the need to further examine the effects of patient race and SES simultaneously in the context of pain care.
Shallow grain formation in Sn thin films

Abstract Whisker and hillock formation are a stress relaxation response in Sn thin films and have become a critical reliability problem in Pb-free electronics. Whiskers grow by diffusion of atoms driven by stress gradients and usually have shallow grains at their roots. Therefore, the local conditions under which surface grains form need to be understood to mitigate whisker growth in Sn thin films. Two possible mechanisms for the nucleation of shallow grains are investigated using finite element simulations: grain boundary migration and pinch-off, and subgrain formation by local lattice rotation. By incorporating the role of localized plasticity, we find that shallow grains do not form by motion and bowing of grain boundaries. The simulations show that deformation-induced lattice rotation creates subgrains close to the thin film surface. These shallow grains form by the local heterogeneity of the strain in Sn polycrystals leading to high dislocation densities that subdivide grains into subgrains that may be potential sites for whisker formation.
Long Non-coding RNAs in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are classified into low-grade neuroendocrine tumors and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). There are significant differences in therapeutic strategies of the different NEN subtypes, and therefore, precise classification of pulmonary NENs is critical. However, challenges in pulmonary NEN classification include overlap of diagnostic histological features among the subtypes and reduced or negative expression of neuroendocrine markers in poorly differentiated pulmonary NECs. Recently, transcription factor insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) was identified as a sensitive marker of neuroendocrine and neuroepithelial differentiation. In this study, INSM1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in greater than 94% of pulmonary NENs, indicating that it is a highly sensitive marker of pulmonary NENs and is useful to detect poorly differentiated pulmonary NECs. Although there are well-established morphological and immunohistologic criteria to diagnose pulmonary NENs, there is no universal consensus regarding prognostic markers of pulmonary NENs. Studies have shown that non–small cell lung cancers express long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which regulate gene expression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and carcinogenesis. We characterized expression and function of lncRNAs, including HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), maternally expressed 3 (MEG3), and prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) in pulmonary NENs, including typical carcinoid tumors, atypical carcinoid tumors, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC/NEC), and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC/NEC). In situ hybridization and real-time polymerase chain reaction studies showed higher expression (p < 0.01) of all lncRNAs in SCLC/NEC. Small interfering RNA studies indicated a role for MEG3 and PCA3 in tumor proliferation. Therefore, these lncRNAs may serve as prognostic indicators of pulmonary NEN aggressiveness and as possible therapeutic targets.
A Diverse Physician-Scientist Pipeline to Fight Structural Racism

Translational research plays a pivotal role in leveraging good science to serve humanity. Structural racism and a lack of diversity severely limit our potential as scientists to exert a maximum impact. This moment calls for a renewed commitment to ridding science of racism and bias and promoting diversity, which makes us more effective at innovating and delivering therapeutics to the patients we serve.
Post-extraction algal residue as a protein supplement for beef steers consuming forage: Palatability and nutrient utilization

Abstract Post-extraction algal residue (PEAR), the co-product of algal biofuel production, has potential to be incorporated as an ingredient in ruminant diets. Market value of PEAR will be driven by its ability to compete with commonly fed protein sources, such as cottonseed meal (CSM) and dried distillers’ grains (DDG). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential for PEAR to be incorporated in existing protein supplementation strategies of the beef industry. In Experiment 1, 12 steers were used in a 12 × 12 Latin square experiment consisting of 12, 4-d periods to evaluate the palatability of PEAR at divergent inclusion levels and with differing carriers (DDG; CSM; liquid supplement, LS) as a supplement to cattle consuming a basal diet of Bermudagrass hay. Each period included 3-d where steers were fed a test supplement followed by a 1-d washout where steers were fed DDG. Blends were formulated with carrier ingredients (CSM, DDG, or liquid supplement, LS) at varying levels of PEAR inclusion; PEAR and carrier ingredients were also offered as stand-alone supplements. Completion rate and consumption rate (g supplement consumed/min) were recorded daily. In Experiment 2, six steers were used in concurrent 3 × 3 Latin Square experiments to determine the effect of PEAR on nutrient utilization and mineral intake in steers consuming low-quality forage. Treatments included no supplemental protein (CON) and isonitrogenous levels of PEAR or CSM (100 mg N/kg BW). In Experiment 1, completion rate was ≥90 % for DDG- and CSM-based blends, which was greater (P
UV Imaging Polarimetry of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Mrk 3

We present UV imaging polarimetry data of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 3 taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. The polarized flux is found to be extended to ~1 kpc from the nucleus, and the position angles of polarization are centrosymmetric, confirming that the polarization is caused by scattering. We determine the location of the hidden nucleus as the center of this centrosymmetric pattern. From the polarization images taken in two broad bands, we have obtained the color distribution of the polarized flux. Some regions have blue polarized flux, consistent with optically-thin dust scattering, but some bright knots have a color similar to that of Seyfert 1 nucleus. Also, the recent Chandra X-ray observation suggests that the ratio of scattered UV flux to scattered X-ray flux is rather similar to the intrinsic UV/X-ray ratio in a Seyfert 1 nucleus, if the observed extended X-ray continuum is scattered light. While the scattered X-ray would be essentially from electron scattering, the UV slope and UV/X-ray ratio both being similar to Seyfert 1's would lead to two possibilities as to the nature of the UV scatterers. One is that the UV may also be scattered by electrons, in which case the scattering gas is somehow dust-free. The other is that the UV is scattered by dust grains, but the wavelength-independent UV scattering with low efficiency indicated by the UV slope and UV/X-ray ratio would suggest that the grains reside in UV-opaque clouds, or the dust might be mainly composed of large grains and lacks small-grain population.
The Sonographic Appearance of Seminal Megavesicles, an Association With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Series Review:

Megavesicles are an uncommon diagnostic finding during sonography of the bladder, especially when the examination is performed transabdominally. Although megavesicles are more likely seen with tran...
706 Sleep and Mental Health in College Students Before and During the Initial COVID-19 Shutdown

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unparalleled impact on college students. Following the initial and abrupt shutdown of campuses in March 2020, several investigators assessed the immediate effects on University students. Early reports found that college students reported a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression, sedentary behavior, and sleep problems. Most were conducted outside the U.S. Data from U.S. college students are critical to identify which areas are should receive resources and interventions as the U.S. continues to experience exponential COVID cases along with continued remote learning, social restrictions and/or lockdowns. Methods: Students enrolled in the Spring 2020 semester (18 years of age +) were invited to participate in an online survey (April - May 2020). A final sample of 491 completed the entire survey (length ∼45 minutes) which asked about sleep quality, psychological stress, depression, and exercise.Paired t-tests were conducted to compare pre- COVID and during COVID data. Results: There were significant differences in sleep onset latency (26.44 ± 23.53 min vs 32.06 ± 26.88 min;t = -3.81, P < .001), sleep duration (7.30 ± 1.45 hours vs 7.63 ± 2.07 hours;t = -2.23, p = 0.027) and overall sleep quality (6.29 ± 3.29 vs 7.44 ± 3.86;t = -7.26, p < .001), as well as depression scores (IDS no sleep questions) (5.61 ± 4.18 vs 17.59 ± 5.45;t = -54.9, P < .001). There was no difference in perceived stress (28.03 ±5.27 vs 28.39 ±5.53, t = -1.49, p = .138). Exercise (vigorous, moderate and walking) all decreased with regards to days and time spent, (all P's < .001), whereas minutes sitting significantly increased (426.50 ± 239.88 vs 542.26 ± 249.63, p < .001). Conclusion: These data empirically support the claim that the pandemic is having a significant negative impact on physical and mental health among college students. In the best of times, college students have irregular sleep patterns and significant depression, but these behaviors are worsened under government restrictions. These findings underscore the need to prioritize prevention and intervention of modifiable behaviors, especially if the pandemic extends into 2021.
Abstract MP61: Greater Late-life Physical Function Declines Among Older Adults With Higher Blood Pressure In Mid-life: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study

Introduction: Greater late-life physical function decline is associated with incident adverse outcomes including disability and death. Hypertension is the strongest risk factor for stroke, the majo...
Sex-dependent compensatory mechanisms preserve blood pressure homeostasis in prostacyclin receptor deficient mice

Inhibitors of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) are in the early phase of clinical development. Deletion of mPges-1 in mice confers analgesia, restrains atherogenesis, and fails to accelerate thrombogenesis, while suppressing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), but increasing the biosynthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2). In low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice, this last effect represents the dominant mechanism by which mPges-1 deletion restrains thrombogenesis, while suppression of PGE2 accounts for its antiatherogenic effect. However, the effect of mPges-1 depletion on blood pressure (BP) in this setting remains unknown. Here, we show that mPges-1 depletion significantly increased the BP response to salt loading in male Ldlr-/- mice, whereas, despite the direct vasodilator properties of PGI2, deletion of the I prostanoid receptor (Ipr) suppressed this response. Furthermore, combined deletion of the Ipr abrogated the exaggerated BP response in male mPges-1-/- mice. Interestingly, these unexpected BP phenotypes were not observed in female mice fed a high-salt diet (HSD). This is attributable to the protective effect of estrogen in Ldlr-/- mice and in Ipr-/- Ldlr-/- mice. Thus, estrogen compensates for a deficiency in PGI2 to maintain BP homeostasis in response to high salt in hyperlipidemic female mice. In male mice, by contrast, the augmented formation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays a similar compensatory role, restraining hypertension and oxidant stress in the setting of Ipr depletion. Hence, men with hyperlipidemia on a HSD might be at risk of a hypertensive response to mPGES-1 inhibitors.
Are Multiple Share Class Investors Disadvantaged? Evidence from Morningstar Stewardship Grades.

This paper analyzes whether or not investors who utilize financial advisors/brokers are systematically directed to mutual fund investments that have lower quality governance. By utilizing the Morningstar Stewardship Grades and analyzing the Board Quality, Managerial Incentive, Fee Rating, and Corporate Culture Rating, we conclude that investors in multiple share class mutual funds (MS funds) are indeed investing in funds that have lower quality governance. Specifically, ordered probit regressions suggest that MS funds are less likely to have higher board quality ratings, less likely to have higher managerial incentive ratings, and are less likely to have higher fee ratings. The results suggest that regulating bodies like the US Securities and Exchange Commissions should investigate these investments to make sure retail investors are not being disadvantaged.
Controls on stable Sr-isotope fractionation in continental barite

Abstract Barite precipitation typically occurs when barium rich fluids mix with sulfate rich fluids, however barite found in the modern continental environment suggests that biological activity can play an important role in barite formation by oxidizing sulfur and/or concentrating barium within microenvironments. These activities induce barite precipitation, and carry with them implications for studies of barite genesis. Strontium (Sr) is incorporated into the barite crystal structure during barite formation preserving a radiogenic and stable Sr-isotope signature in barite, providing information about its formation. Here we present Sr-isotope results from three artesian sulfidic springs with ongoing barite precipitation (Zodletone Spring, Oklahoma; Stinking Spring, Utah; and Doughty Springs, Colorado) to explore the controls on stable Sr-isotope fractionation during barite precipitation in a continental setting. Apparent stable Sr-isotope fractionation for all three sites ranged from − 0.6‰ to ~ 0.0‰ similar to previously published calculated values for equilibrium conditions and measured values of synthetic barite. However, clear relationships do not exist between water and barite chemistry in the natural systems, indicating that barite does not precipitate directly from solution, but heterogeneously within diverse microenvironments created by microbial biomass or on sediment surfaces. The dynamic microenvironments in a continental setting influence the apparent stable Sr-isotope fractionation during barite precipitation because of changing saturation conditions, Sr concentration and/or precipitation of different mineral phases (e.g., celestine). In order to better understand the geochemistry of barite deposits, future work is necessary to study the controls on radiogenic and stable Sr-isotope signatures of barite in the context of the temporally and spatially dynamic nature of the continental setting.
Connectivity and Functional Organization in the Mammalian Visual Cortex

A remarkable aspect of the early phases of visual processing is the elaboration of receptive field properties along the visual pathway, from the center-surround cells of the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), to the orientation and directionally selective simple and complex cells of the mammalian striate cortex. Yet the underlying neuronal circuitry responsible for the construction of new receptive field properties at each stage is poorly understood. Anatomical techniques have revealed several types of neuronal connections that are likely to participate in this process, but the actual functional role of these connections is, in most cases, not known. The present studies focus on the horizontal connections that are intrinsic to the cortex and run laterally, parallel to the surface of the cortex. Anatomical studies have shown that these connections extend for up to several millimeters and the clustered nature of the axonal collaterals suggests a specificity of these connections related to the columnar organization of receptive field properties. The first series of experiments, performed in the cat striate cortex, explore the relationship between receptive field properties of single cells and the participation of these cells in the long-range horizontal connections. These connections were detected and measured physiologically by electrical recording and cross-correlation analysis, a statistical method that provides a sensitive measure of the strength and type of connections. These experiments showed that, among oriented cells, cells having a particular optimal orientation only interacted with other cells having a similar optimal orientation, up to distances of several millimeters in the cortex.
A new synonym in Leptotheca Schwaegr . (Musci; Rhizogoniaceae)

Leptotheca hamiltonii Crum was originally described from a collection made in Peru, and is known only from this collection. The holotype specimen of L. hamiltonii , as well as one isotype specimen, both have morphological traits consistent with those shown in the holotype and twelve additional specimens of Leptotheca boliviana Herzog. It is concluded that L. hamiltonii is a new synonym of L. boliviana.
La profilaxis antitrombótica: esencial para la seguridad de los pacientes

Recibido para publicacion: 02-07-2010 Aceptado para publicacion: 20-07-2010 Si bien se reconoce la existencia de enfermedades y complicaciones prevenibles, la experiencia mundial demuestra que sus tasas no han disminuido significativamente durante anos. Especificamente me refiero a la enfermedad tromboembolica venosa y sus complicaciones perifericas y centrales, como la tromboembolia pulmonar. Entre algunas de las interrogantes que surgen en relacion con esta se encuentran las siguientes:
SKYRME-HFB CALCULATIONS IN COORDINATE SPACE FOR THE KRYPTON ISOTOPES UP TO THE TWO-NEUTRON DRIPLINE

For axially symmetric even-even nuclei, we solve the Hartree-Fock-Bogo- liubov (HFB) equations on a 2-D grid in cylindrical coordinates. The Skyrme SLy4 inter- action is used for the mean field and a zero-range interaction for the pairing field. After decoupling the HFB lattice equations, we obtain quasiparticle states with equivalent single- particle energies up to 100 MeV or more. We present results for the Krypton isotope chain up to the two-neutron dripline, including two-neutron separation energies, pairing gaps, and quadrupole deformations for the ground states and isomeric minima.
Formation of Megachromosomes from Heterochromatic Blocks of NICOTIANA TOMENTOSIFORMIS.

ABSTRACT A heterochromatic block (HB) from N. otophora occasionally undergoes great enlargement to form a "megachromosome" in hybrids and hybrid derivatives with N. tabacum . This paper shows that the two large HB9s of closely related N. tomentosiformis , and perhaps a smaller one, also have the same capability. The evidence that both large HB9s form megachromosomes is twofold. In a segregating backcross population from a parent possessing the two large HB9s, all segregants with one block produced megachromosomes at metaphase or large heterochromatic clumps at interphase. Second, those segregants which possessed both heterochromatic blocks produced megachromosomes of two visibly different types. Proliferation to make megachromosomes thus may not be the property of merely one particular segment but a more common property of heterochromatin in a hybrid or otherwise disturbed background.
Breast imaging technology: Current and future technologies for breast cancer imaging

Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American females [1]. Several improvements in diagnostic protocols have enhanced our ability for earlier detection of breast cancer, resulting in improvement of therapeutic outcome and an increased survival rate for breast cancer victims [2,3,4]. The importance of early detection of breast tumors therefore cannot be overemphasized. Current early screening techniques are, however, neither comprehensive nor infallible, especially in women with radiographically dense breasts. Recent data from the Edinburgh randomized trial of breast screening as well as other retrospective analyses of 'false-negative' mammograms demonstrate that approximately one-third of diagnosed cancers were visible on early 'negative' mammograms [2,5,6]. Early detection of breast cancer therefore still presents a significant diagnostic challenge. Imaging techniques that improve breast cancer detection, localization, and evaluation of therapy would be a major breakthrough in combating the disease. Detection of malignant tumor cells in a background of normal or hyperplastic benign tissue is often based on differences in physical properties between tissues, which are frequently minimal (eg proton relaxation times, X-ray absorption, ultrasound scattering), resulting in low contrast resolution; that is, small tumors are not detectable. To enhance detection of small tumors, several groups have been developing the concept of molecular imaging as a way to increase the signal to noise ratio by detecting the differences in 'molecular properties' between cancer and normal tissues that arise as a result of malignant transformation. This should, in theory, allow for earlier detection of smaller tumors. The following reviews in this series will describe how state-of-the-art imaging modalities (magnetic resonance [MR] imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nuclear imaging, and optical imaging) are being used to more precisely identify human breast tumors and monitor chemotherapeutic response. Not all of the cited technologies are yet able to take advantage of the underlying molecular properties resulting in altered tumor biology; however, many have been developed to the point of being able to exploit macromolecular changes in tumor physiology and/or metabolism to increase detection of diseased tissue. Part of the problem in exploiting the underlying molecular changes manifest as altered physiology or metabolism is the lack of genetic information. As advances in gene profiling allow dissection of underlying molecular profiles of tumors, imaging approaches will be more molecularly based. Uncovering and understanding the molecular aberrations directly underlying the measurable biological differences, as examples from our own work demonstrate (see below), will allow molecular refinement of the imaging tools and, presumably, more sensitive tumor detection.
A programmable Boyle Op-Amp macromodel

The Boyle op-amp macromodel and its variations are the core of op-amp macromodels. Many macromodel parameters are functions of biasing. A new op-amp macromodel is proposed that can monitor biasing conditions and re-adjust the macromodel component values. A comparison is made with simulations and lab measurements for the HA-2720. The HA-2720 is a programmable op-amp where a wide range of performance can be controlled by adjusting the op-amp's set current. >
Molecular modeling of water structure in nano-pores between brucite (001) surfaces

Molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations of liquid water held in one-dimensional nano- confinement by two parallel, electrostatically neutral but hydrophilic surfaces of brucite, Mg(OH) 2, provide greatly increased, atomistically detailed understanding of surface-related effects on the spatial variation in the structural ordering, hydrogen bond (H-bond) organization, and local density of H2O molecules at this important model hydroxide surface. NVT-ensemble MD simulations (i.e., at constant number of atoms, volume and temperature) were performed for a series of model systems consisting of 3 to 30 A u -thick water layers (containing 35 to 360 H2O molecules) confined between two 19 A u -thick brucite substrate layers. The results show that the hydrophilic substrate significantly influences the near-surface water structure, with both H-bond donation to the surface oxygen atoms and H-bond acceptance from the surface hydrogen atoms in the first surface layer of H2O molecules playing key roles. Profiles of oxygen and hydrogen atomic density and H 2O dipole orientation show significant deviation from the corresponding structural properties of bulk water to distances as large as 15 A u (5 molecular water layers) from the surface, with the local structural environment varying significantly with the distance from the surface. The water molecules in the first layer at about 2.45 A u from the surface have a two-dimensional hexagonal arrangement parallel to brucite layers, reflecting the brucite surface structure, have total nearest neighbor coordinations of 5 or 6, and are significantly limited in their position and orientation. The greatest degree of the tetrahedral (ice-like) ordering occurs at about 4 A u from the surface. The translational and orientational ordering of H 2O molecules in layers further from the surface become progressively more similar to those of bulk liquid water. A quantitative statistical analysis of the MD-generated instantaneous molecular configurations in terms of local density, molecular orientation, nearest neighbor coordination, and the structural details of the H-bonding network shows that the local structure of interfacial water at the brucite surface results from a combination of "hard wall" (geometric and confinement) effects, highly directional H-bonding, and thermal motion. This structure does not resemble that of bulk water at ambient conditions or at elevated or reduced temperature, but shares some similarities with that of water under higher pressure. Copyright © 2004 Elsevier Ltd
Information filtering via hill climbing, WordNet and index patterns

The recent growth of the Internet has left many users awash in a sea of information. This development has spawned the need for intelligent filtering systems. This paper describes work implemented in the INFOS (Intelligent News Filtering Organizational System) project that is designed to reduce the user's search burden by automatically categorizing data as relevant or irrelevant based upon user interests. These predictions are learned automatically based upon features taken from input articles and collaborative features derived from other users. The filtering is performed by a hybrid technique that combines elements of a keyword-based hill climbing method, knowledge-based conceptual representation via WordNet, and partial parsing via index patterns. The hybrid system integrating all these approaches combines the benefits of each while maintaining robustness and scalability.
The Physics Superselection Principle in Vertex Operator Algebra Theory

Abstract We formulate an interpretation of the theory of physics superselection sectors in terms of vertex operator algebra language and prove some initial results. As one of the main results we give a construction of simple currents from a weight-one primary semisimple element. By applying our results to vertex operator algebras associated to affine Lie algebras or to positive-definite even lattices, we construct their simple currents.
The theory of an obstacle-controlled yield strength—Report after an international workshop

From May 29 to June 1, 1976, a workshop** was held at Argonne National Laboratory to consider and assess the current status of the theory of strengthening mechanisms -insofar as these are controlled by fixed obstacles of limited extent in the slip plane, such as precipitates, solute atoms, and possibly forest dislocations. (Excluded were the lattice resistance, long-range stresses, effects of grain boundaries and the like.) Six half-day sessions were held, each concentrating on one problem area, which was reported on by one or two speakers and amply discussed. A final day was devoted to general discussions and ancillary problems. The motivation for the meeting was that, at least in the opinion of the organizer, significant advances had been made in the last two years which promise, eventually, to put yield strength theory on a quantitative footing. In the past, uncertainties in the value of the predicted flow stress for a given alloy have been of the order of a factor of 2 10; this margin of error may well be reduced to the order of 20% in the foreseeable future,
Hardy's inequality and ultrametric matrices

For any p > 1 and for any sequence $\{ a_j \}^\infty_{j=1}$ of nonnegative numbers, a classical inequality of Hardy gives that$$\sum^n_{k=1} \left({\sum \nolimits^k_{i=1} a_i\over k}\right)^p\les \left({p\over p-1}\right)^p\sum^n_{k=1}a^p_k \quad {\hbox{for each}}\;n \; \in \; {\open {N}},$$unless all $a_j=0$, where the constant $[p/(p-1)]^p$ is best possible. Here, we investigate this inequality in the case p=2, and show how it can be interpreted in terms of symmetric ultrametric matrices. From this, a generalization of Hardy's inequality, in the case p=2, is derived.