cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pain Assessment Techniques and Analgesia Efficacy in a Female Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Model of Surgical Pain

Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are a frequently used species in research, often involving potentially painful procedures. Therefore, evidence-based recommendations regarding analgesia are critically needed to optimize their wellbeing. Our laboratory examined the efficacy of carprofen and extended-release (ER) buprenorphine, alone and as a multimodal combination, for relieving postsurgical pain in guinea pigs. Animals were assessed by using evoked (mechanical hypersensitivity), nonevoked (video ethogram, cageside ethogram, time-to-consumption test), and clinical (weight loss) measurements for 96 h during baseline, anesthesia-analgesia, and hysterectomy conditions. In addition, ER buprenorphine was evaluated pharmacologically. Guinea pigs treated with a single analgesic showed increased mechanical sensitivity for at least 96 h and indices of pain according to the video ethogram for as long as 8 h, compared with levels recorded during anesthesia-analgesia. In contrast, animals given both analgesics demonstrated increased mechanical sensitivity and behavioral evidence of pain for only 2 h after surgery compared with anesthesia-analgesia. The cageside ethogram and time-to-consumption tests failed to identify differences between conditions or treatment groups, highlighting the difficulty of identifying pain in guinea pigs without remote observation. Guinea pigs treated with multimodal analgesia or ER buprenorphine lost at least 10% of their baseline weights, whereas weight loss in carprofen animals was significantly lower (3%). Plasma levels for ER buprenorphine exceeded 0.9 ng/mL from 8 to 96 h after injection. Of the 3 analgesia regimens evaluated, multimodal analgesia provided the most effective pain control in guinea pigs. However the weight loss in the ER buprenorphine-treated animals may need to be considered during analgesia selection.
Absence of cannabinoid 1 receptor in beta cells protects against high-fat/high-sugar diet-induced beta cell dysfunction and inflammation in murine islets.

The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) regulates insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. CB1R is expressed on pancreatic beta cells and is coupled to the G protein Gαi, suggesting a negative regulation of endogenous signalling in the beta cell. Deciphering the exact function of CB1R in beta cells has been confounded by the expression of this receptor on multiple tissues involved in regulating metabolism. Thus, in models of global genetic or pharmacological CB1R blockade, it is difficult to distinguish the indirect effects of improved insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues from the direct effects of inhibiting CB1R in beta cells per se. To assess the direct contribution of beta cell CB1R to metabolism, we designed a mouse model that allows us to determine the role of CB1R specifically in beta cells in the context of whole-body metabolism. We generated a beta cell specific Cnr1 (CB1R) knockout mouse (β-CB1R−/−) to study the long-term consequences of CB1R ablation on beta cell function in adult mice. We measured beta cell function, proliferation and viability in these mice in response to a high-fat/high-sugar diet and induction of acute insulin resistance with the insulin receptor antagonist S961. β-CB1R−/− mice had increased fasting (153 ± 23% increase at 10 weeks of age) and stimulated insulin secretion and increased intra-islet cAMP levels (217 ± 33% increase at 10 weeks of age), resulting in primary hyperinsulinaemia, as well as increased beta cell viability, proliferation and islet area (1.9-fold increase at 10 weeks of age). Hyperinsulinaemia led to insulin resistance, which was aggravated by a high-fat/high-sugar diet and weight gain, although beta cells maintained their insulin secretory capacity in response to glucose. Strikingly, islets from β-CB1R−/− mice were protected from diet-induced inflammation. Mechanistically, we show that this is a consequence of curtailment of oxidative stress and reduced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in beta cells. Our data demonstrate CB1R to be a negative regulator of beta cell function and a mediator of islet inflammation under conditions of metabolic stress. Our findings point to beta cell CB1R as a therapeutic target, and broaden its potential to include anti-inflammatory effects in both major forms of diabetes. Microarray data have been deposited at GEO (GSE102027).
Abstract 18690: Recombinant Human Relaxin-2 (Serelaxin) Attenuates Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Improves Left Ventricular Function in Mice

Background: In the RELAX-AHF trial, 48-hour infusion of recombinant human relaxin-2 (serelaxin; SRLX) reduced post-discharge mortality at 180 days in selected patients with acute heart failure. However, the underlying mechanisms remain under investigation. Therefore, we studied the effect of SRLX on attenuation of left ventricular (LV) adverse remodeling following infarction in a mouse model of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results: 48 adult male CD-1 mice underwent myocardial infarction (MI) by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and were treated with SRLX (10 μg/Kg/day; sc via osmotic mini-pump) or saline for 4 weeks. Survival at 28 days was 90% in the SRLX group vs. 52% in the saline group (Fig. A). The fibrotic area (% of LV), assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining was reduced to 12.6±1.0% with SRLX as compared to 23.7±3.0% with saline at 28 days post MI (Fig. B). The apoptotic index, measured by TUNEL assay, was 4-fold higher in the saline group vs. SRLX group on day 28 post MI (Fig. C). Fractional shortening (FS) measured using echocardiography on days 7 and 28 post-MI revealed significant LV dysfunction in saline-treated group; however, SRLX markedly preserved FS at both time points (Fig. D). Baseline FS was 43 ± 2%. Although the difference in caveolin-1 expression as assessed by immunofluorescence did not reach statistical significance (P=0.06, not shown) between the groups, there was a promising trend favoring increased capillary density with SRLX at 28 days in the post-infarcted heart. SRLX plasma levels were assessed 7 days after pump implantation using ELISA and the results demonstrate therapeutic levels comparable to plasma relaxin during the first trimester of pregnancy (Fig. E). Conclusion: SRLX improves survival and attenuates cardiomyocyte death and adverse LV remodeling at 28 days post MI. We propose that prolonged SRLX therapy can be explored for treatment of chronic ischemic heart failure in patients.
A 28nm FDSOI 8192-point digital ASIC spectrometer from a Chisel generator

This work presents a Chisel ASIC spectrometer generator, which supports a wide array of applications through a modular and parameterized hierarchical design. Customizable features include filter coefficients, FFT bins, automatic pipelining, bitwidth selection with automatic bitwidth growth, and overall topology. An instance of the generator was selected, verified, and taped-out in a 28nm UTBB-FDSOI process to demonstrate its efficacy. Custom serial links bring high-speed data from a 3-bit external ADC to the digital spectrometer, which achieves a sample rate of 17 GS/s with an 8192-point FFT. Such a generator greatly simplifies ASIC spectrometer development, paving the way for future low-cost ASIC systems.
Angular-Momentum Biased Circulators and Their Power Consumption

Angular-momentum biasing has been recently introduced as a robust technique to realize magnetless linear nonreciprocal elements within a subwavelength footprint. By imparting a synthetic angular momentum to a resonant ring, it is possible to break the degeneracy of its counter-rotating states and induce nonreciprocity. Angular momentum is efficiently synthesized by modulating the resonator in space and time via appropriate electrical signals. A question that naturally arises is whether such a modulation approach results in power exchange between the modulation and operation signals; thus, making the device active, as the majority of parametric devices. Here, we theoretically and numerically show that power exchange in this system is generally very small, and it can be made identically zero for perfectly symmetrical differential circulators in absence of parasitic loss. This fact shows that, from a practical point of view, angular-momentum circulators are passive systems, in contrast to several other magnetless nonreciprocal techniques, and as such they are very attractive for low-power and wireless applications.
Impact of freshwater plumes on intraseasonal upper ocean variability in the Bay of Bengal

Abstract The Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillations (MISO) is known to be strongly coupled to the upper ocean variability in the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Here, we analyze high-resolution moored observations from the northern BoB (18 °N, in comparison with an array of moorings to the south along 90 °E (8, 12, and 15 °N) to examine the observed temperature and salinity variability during the 2015 summer monsoon season. The heat budget analysis indicates that the mixed-layer (ML) temperature tendency at 18 °N in late summer (August and September) deviated greatly from the tendency that is expected based on surface heat flux alone. Examination of moored ML salinity and satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) fields suggests that southward extension of riverine freshwater plumes to the mooring site in late summer plays an important role in modulating the heat balance. The associated shoaling of the ML results in enhanced penetrative heat loss and warming beneath the surface layer. Price-Weller-Pinkel (PWP) 1-D model simulations, which account for vertical mixing, suggest that the entrainment of this subsurface warm water under monsoon wind improves closure of the temperature balance. Long-term analysis of satellite-based sea surface temperature (SST) and rainfall data indicates that late summer ML shoaling is accompanied by amplified intraseasonal (10–60 day) SST variability and reduced MISO precipitation variability. Overall, these results demonstrate the critical importance of freshwater plumes to improved understanding of the upper-ocean heat budget and air-sea interaction in the BoB.
Pilot Study: Building a Non-Recirculating Microcosm System and Testing How Temperature Influences Growth of Southern Redbelly Dace (Chrosomus erythrogaster)

Designing, building, and testing experimental microcosms are essential to conducting accurate and precise experiments. With completely new equipment, sometimes the most difficult task is getting it to fit together and work properly. In this pilot study, we built and tested a new experimental aquatic microcosm system. We conducted a brief, 2 week study with the main goals of 1) assessing the microcosm system was working properly and keeping fish alive and 2) investigating the effect temperature had on juvenile southern redbelly dace growth (weight, total length).
A parallelism profiler with what-if analyses for OpenMP programs

This paper proposes OMP-WhIP, a profiler that measures inherent parallelism in the program for a given input and provides what-if analyses to estimate improvements in parallelism. We propose a novel OpenMP series-parallel graph representation (OSPG) that precisely captures series-parallel relations induced by various directives between different fragments of dynamic execution. OMP-WhIP constructs the OSPG and measures the computation performed by each dynamic fragment using hardware performance counters. This series-parallel representation along with measurement of computation is a performance model of the program for a given input, which enables computation of inherent parallelism. This novel performance model also enables what-if analyses where a programmer can estimate improvements in parallelism when bottlenecks are addressed. We have used OMP-WhIP to identify parallelism bottlenecks in more than forty applications and then designed strategies to improve the speedup in seven applications.
The power of the pen (and water bottle) in estimating the physics of the solar eclipse

I estimated the time for the moon to completely transit the disk of the sun during a solar eclipse using no tools beyond a water bottle with calibrated markings and a ball-point pen and no facts beyond everyday common knowledge. A remarkable agreement with the observation of 0.4% indicates that this strategy is successful at estimating the relative motion of the sun and moon as witnessed from the earth.
Photon-mediated interactions between quantum emitters in a diamond nanocavity

Photon-mediated interactions between quantum systems are essential for realizing quantum networks and scalable quantum information processing. We demonstrate such interactions between pairs of silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers strongly coupled to a diamond nanophotonic cavity. When the optical transitions of the two color centers are tuned into resonance, the coupling to the common cavity mode results in a coherent interaction between them, leading to spectrally-resolved superradiant and subradiant states. We use the electronic spin degrees of freedom of the SiV centers to control these optically-mediated interactions. Our experiments pave the way for implementation of cavity-mediated quantum gates between spin qubits and for realization of scalable quantum network nodes.
The Influence of Police Related Media, Victimization, and Satisfaction on African American College Students' Perceptions of Police.

This study explored the roles of police related television programming, and satisfaction with most recent police contact in predicting perceptions of law enforcement performance and treatment of minorities for students with no police victimization experiences. The current study also explored the role of personal and familial police victimization experiences impact on perceptions of police. A convenience sample of 246 African American students (168 females and 78 males) ranging in age from 17 to 59 (Mage = 21.73), attending a historically Black university completed a questionnaire assessing demographic information, satisfaction with most recent contact with police, personal and familial police victimization experiences, and law enforcement related television programming. Results showed that African American students with personal and familial police victimization experiences had significantly different perceptions of law enforcement than individuals with no victimization experiences or just familial victimization experiences. Results also highlighted the predictive power of crime reality shows, police excessive force media consumption, and satisfaction with police in influencing perceptions of police. These significant relationships and causal models may be salient for understanding pertinent factors that influence perceptions of law enforcement in African American college students.
Leveraging Caches to Accelerate Hash Tables and Memoization

Hash tables are widely used, but they are inefficient in current systems: they use core resources poorly and suffer from limited spatial locality in caches. To address these issues we propose HTA, a technique that accelerates hash table operations via simple ISA extensions and hardware changes. HTA adopts an efficient hash table format that leverages the characteristics of caches. HTA accelerates most operations in hardware, and leaves rare cases to software. We present two implementations of HTA, Flat-HTA and Hierarchical-HTA. Flat-HTA adopts a simple, hierarchy-oblivious layout and reduces runtime overheads with simple changes to cores. Hierarchical-HTA is a more complex implementation that uses a hierarchy-aware layout to improve spatial locality at intermediate cache levels. It requires some changes to caches and provides modest benefits over Flat-HTA. We evaluate HTA on hash table-intensive benchmarks and use it to accelerate memoization, a technique that caches and reuses the outputs of repetitive computations. Flat-HTA improves the performance of the state-of-the-art hash table-intensive applications by up to 2×, while Hierarchical-HTA outperforms Flat-HTA by up to 35%. Flat-HTA also outperforms software memoization by 2×.
talklr uncovers ligand-receptor mediated intercellular crosstalk

Single cell RNA-seq measures the transcriptomes of many cell types across diverse conditions. However, an emerging challenge is to uncover how different cell types communicate with each other to maintain tissue homeostasis, and how inter-cellular communications are perturbed in diseases. To address this problem, we developed talklr, an information theory-based approach to uncover potential ligand-receptor interactions involved in tissue homeostasis and diseases. Compared to existing approaches that analyze changes in each gene in each cell type separately, talklr uses a holistic approach to simultaneously consider expression changes in both ligands and receptors across multiple cell types and conditions. talklr outperformed existing approaches in identifying ligand-receptor interactions, including those known to be important for tissue-specific functions and diseases across diverse datasets. talklr can reveal important signaling events in many biological problems in an unbiased way, and will be a valuable tool in single cell RNA-seq analysis. talklr is available as both an interactive website and an R package.
Nuclear plant diagnostics using neural networks with dynamic input selection

This paper describes an artificial neural network(ANN-) based diagnostic ad­ viser capable of identifying the operating status of a nuclear power plant. A dynamic node architecture (DNA) scheme is used to optimize the architectures of the two backpropagation ANNs which embody the adviser. The first or root network is used to determine whether the plant is in a normal operating condition or not. If the plant is not in a normal condition, the second, or classifier network is used to recognize the particular ofF-normal condition or transient taking place. These networks are devel­ oped using simulated plant behavior during both normal and abnormal conditions. Data from the nuclear generating station training simulator at Iowa Electric Light and Power Company's Duane Arnold Energy Center (DAEC) is used in this work. The adviser is effective at diagnosing 27 distinct transients based on 43 scenarios simulated at various severities which contain up to Z% noise.
Using a Multifaceted Robotics-Based Intervention to Increase Student Interest in STEM Subjects and Careers

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a robotics-based intervention on elementary-aged students’ interest in STEM subjects and careers. Participants were thirty-seven second and third grade students from two classrooms at an elementary school in the Southeastern United States. Action research was used to examine a multifaceted, constructionist, and robotics-based intervention that included weekly WeDo Lego Robotics building and coding sessions facilitated by trained STEM-speaking adults to scaffold students’ interest in STEM subjects and careers, a classroom STEM learning center, and student participation in a robotics showcase. The intervention was found to have a positive impact on students’ interest in STEM subjects and careers. This study provides practitioners with a multifaceted robotics-based intervention that can be integrated into elementary classrooms in as little as two hours per week for sixteen weeks and result in student acquisition of positive attitudes toward STEM subjects and careers.
Can crowdsourcing create the missing crash data

UPDATED---June 1, 2020. Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are the primary cause of death among children and young adults. Yet data on RTCs is incomplete, hindering effective road safety policymaking in many developing countries where mortality is purportedly highest. We web-scrape 850,000 tweets to create crash data and develop a machine learning algorithm to geolocate RTCs. Our algorithm is nearly twice as precise as a standard geoparsing algorithm in identifying the set of locations that include the crash location. Above and beyond, it identifies the unique location of a crash from the set of possible locations in a majority of cases. We dispatch a set of motorcycle drivers to the site of the presumed crash in real time to verify the validity of the crowdsourced data and document the performance of the algorithm. The study can be used as a proof of concept for countries interested to improve RTC data at low cost through a machine learning approach and substantially increase the data available to analyze RTCs and prioritize road safety policies.
Flipping Physical Education Classrooms for Grades K–12

The use of flipped classroom approaches to help improve students’ learning performance has increased considerably over the past few years.
In Our Image: The Ethics of CRISPR Genome Editing

The advent of genome editing technology promises to transform human health, livestock and agriculture, and to eradicate pest species. This transformative power demands urgent scrutiny and resolution of the ethical conflicts attached to the creation and release of engineered genomes. Here, I discuss the ethics surrounding the transformative CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technology in the contexts of human genome editing to eradicate genetic disease and of gene drive technology to eradicate animal vectors of human disease.
Thermal-Aware Overclocking for Smartphones

Heat dissipation and battery life continue to be major challenges for smartphones. Smartphones seldom spend time at their highest performance points due to thermal concerns and frequently undergo thermal-throttling, where performance is limited while the device cools down. While overclocking and computational sprinting can be used to increase system performance, these techniques have not been evaluated on smartphones because they exacerbate both heat dissipation and battery life. In recent years, certain machine-learning workloads such as object detection and speech recognition have been moving away from the cloud and towards the edge. These workloads are short and user-facing making them excellent candidates for sprinting. To successfully overclock any workload however, any applied technique must ensure that it avoids forcing the system to throttle. In this paper, we describe and evaluate a system that can accurately predict the impact of workloads on the thermal state of a smartphone, enabling it to determine whether overclocking a specific workload will result in thermal-throttling. We show that careful application of overclocking using our system can decrease the latency of certain user-facing workloads by up to 18%. In this paper, we describe and evaluate a system that can accurately predict the impact of workloads on the thermal state of a smartphone, enabling it to determine whether overclocking a specific workload will result in thermal-throttling. We show that careful application of overclocking using our system can decrease the latency of certain user-facing workloads by up to 18%.
Intraoperative haemodynamics and postoperative intensive care unit admission in older patients with cancer.

PURPOSE Research on the impact of various intraoperative haemodynamic variables on the incidence of postoperative ICU admission among older patients with cancer is limited. In this study, the relationship between intraoperative haemodynamic status and postoperative intensive care unit admission among older patients with cancer is explored. METHODS Patients aged ≥75 who underwent elective oncologic surgery lasting ≥120min were analysed. Chi-squared and t-tests were used to assess the associations between intraoperative variables with postoperative intensive care unit admission. Multivariable regressions were used to analyse potential predict risk factors for postoperative intensive care unit admission. RESULTS Out of 994 patients, 48 (4.8%) were admitted to the intensive care unit within 30 days following surgery. Intensive care unit admission was associated with the presence of ≥4 comorbid conditions, intraoperative blood loss ≥100mL, and intraoperative tachycardia and hypertensive urgency. On multivariable analysis, operation time ≥240min (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.29, p = 0.01), and each minute spent with intraoperative hypertensive urgency (OR = 1.06, p = 0.01) or tachycardia (OR = 1.01, p = 0.002) were associated with postoperative intensive care unit admission. CONCLUSION Intraoperative hypertensive urgency and tachycardia were associated with postoperative intensive care unit admission in older patients undergoing cancer surgery.
Understanding data lifetime via whole system simulation

Strictly limiting the lifetime (i.e. propagation and duration of exposure) of sensitive data (e.g. passwords) is an important and well accepted practice in secure software development. Unfortunately, there are no current methods available for easily analyzing data lifetime, and very little information available on the quality of today's software with respect to data lifetime. We describe a system we have developed for analyzing sensitive data lifetime through whole system simulation called TaintBochs. TaintBochs tracks sensitive data by "tainting" it at the hardware level. Tainting information is then propagated across operating system, language, and application boundaries, permitting analysis of sensitive data handling at a whole system level. We have used TaintBochs to analyze sensitive data handling in several large, real world applications. Among these were Mozilla, Apache, and Perl, which are used to process millions of passwords, credit card numbers, etc. on a daily basis. Our investigation reveals that these applications and the components they rely upon take virtually no measures to limit the lifetime of sensitive data they handle, leaving passwords and other sensitive data scattered throughout user and kernel memory. We show how a few simple and practical changes can greatly reduce sensitive data lifetime in these applications.
Making Linux protection mechanisms egalitarian with UserFS

UserFS provides egalitarian OS protection mechanisms in Linux. UserFS allows any user--not just the system administrator--to allocate Unix user IDs, to use chroot, and to set up firewall rules in order to confine untrusted code. One key idea in UserFS is representing user IDs as files in a /proc-like file system, thus allowing applications to manage user IDs like any other files, by setting permissions and passing file descriptors over Unix domain sockets. UserFS addresses several challenges in making user IDs egalitarian, including accountability, resource allocation, persistence, and UID reuse. We have ported several applications to take advantage of UserFS; by changing just tens to hundreds of lines of code, we prevented attackers from exploiting application-level vulnerabilities, such as code injection or missing ACL checks in a PHP-based wiki application. Implementing UserFS requires minimal changes to the Linux kernel--a single 3,000-line kernel module--and incurs no performance overhead for most operations, making it practical to deploy on real systems.
Processing of Bioactive Ceramics with Defined Porosity

The current medical procedure for the fixation and stabilization of damaged bones requires the insertion and later removal of metallic pens and plates. Such a procedure damages healthy tissue and is time consuming and expensive. While there are materials that chemically bond to tissue and resorb after their usefulness, their use for fixation has been impossible because of their low mechanical strength. A new processing method shows the ability to create bone scaffolds with a mixture of chemical reactivity, functional microstructure, and good mechanical properties. This processing method uses the phase separation between polymers of two compositions to create large pores. This scaffold is a composite of sol-gel produced bioglass and a reinforcing polymer for bioactivity, resorbablity, and strength. The scaffold has a microstructure of interconnected porosity for high surface area and the possibility of integrating bone growth factors or bone cells to accelerate the repair of damaged tissue.
Microbial Studies of a High Alpine Water Supply used for Recreation

Objectives of the Research A. To determine the bacterial flora of a high alpine water supply seldom visited by man. B. To evaluate the impact of various recreational activities on the bacterial flora of the high alpine water supply. C. To provide a basis, relative to water quality, for decision making on use of high alpine areas in Grand Teton National Park. D. To study the types and occurrence of coliform bacteria and streptococci found in the alpine ecology. E. To relate the findings from the alpine ecosystem to data obtained at lower elevations. Project Number 188.
Restoration of allograft responsiveness in B rats. IV. The divergent migratory behavior of lymphocyte populations mediating cardiac allograft rejection.

Abstract The T lymphocyte-deprived (B) rat, produced by X-radiation and bone marrow reconstitution of adolescent thymectomized animals, exhibits a true immunological deficit and are unable to reject histoincompatible heterotopic cardiac allografts. A comprehensive survey of lymphocyte traffic in B recipients was performed to correlate the differential potency of specifically sensitized lymphocyte populations mediating re-establishment of immune responsiveness toward the graft, with their migratory and recirculatory behavior. 111 In-oxine-labeled thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were retained in the peripheral blood and migrated from nonlymphoid organs to lymph nodes of B recipients in higher proportion than any other lymphoid population, particularly splenic lymphocytes (SL). Although all cell groups but TDL were sequestered in the spleen in equal and relatively large numbers, no differences were found between the lymphocyte populations tested in their capacity to accumulate in the grafts. In contrast, an increased avidity in the allograft of 125 IUdR-labeled TDL and lymph node (LNL) lymphoblasts, as compared to 125 IUdR-labeled SL, resembles closely the results of functional studies of the differential potency of adoptively transferred cells. We assume that specific cellular interactions induced by the accumulated 125 IUdR-labeled cells invoke nonspecific mechanisms for the recruitment of other uncommitted 111 Inlabeled lymphocytes which recirculate between blood and lymph and localize indiscriminately in the allograft amplifying its rejection. The latter lymphocytes can be “armed” by adherent cells residing in the lymphoid organs of graft recipients, particularly spleen, and subsequently increase the penetration of the foreign tissue. When radiolabeled lymphocytes were traced in B recipients experiencing rejection of their allografts following transfer of sensitized cells plus lymphokine, their migration patterns as well as blastogenic response in B hosts were similar to those observed during acute rejection of cardiac allografts in unmodified hosts. Thus the similarities between the rejection network brought by alloimmune cells into otherwise unresponsive animals and immunocompetent animals able to reject their grafts are stressed.
The Upper Mississippi River Comprehensive Flood Damage Reduction Study: Taking a Fresh Look at an Old Problem on a Basin-Wide Level

Summary The Upper Mississippi River Comprehensive Plan will develop a systemic flood damage reduction project that is consistent with environmental sustainability goals and responds to the study authorization as per the Water Resources Development Act of 1999 (Public Law 106-53).
Principles of Drosophila eye differentiation.

The Drosophila eye is one of nature's most beautiful structures and one of its most useful. It has emerged as a favored model for understanding the processes that direct cell fate specification, patterning, and morphogenesis. Though composed of thousands of cells, each fly eye is a simple repeating pattern of perhaps a dozen cell types arranged in a hexagonal array that optimizes coverage of the visual field. This simple structure combined with powerful genetic tools make the fly eye an ideal model to explore the relationships between local cell fate specification and global tissue patterning. In this chapter, I discuss the basic principles that have emerged from three decades of close study. We now understand at a useful level some of the basic principles of cell fate selection and the importance of local cell–cell communication. We understand less of the processes by which signaling combines with morphogenesis and basic cell biology to create a correctly patterned neuroepithelium. Progress is being made on these fundamental issues, and in this chapter I discuss some of the principles that are beginning to emerge.
Our Lady of Guadalupe: A Sign of Ecclesial Unity

L'A. propose une reflection historico-theologique sur la figure de Marie de Nazareth, le Theotokos, Immaculee dans sa Conception. Elle se manifeste dans son instance historique concrete en tant que Marie de Guadalupe, signe d'unite ecclesiale. En premier lieu, il retrace l'histoire et les sources des apparitions de Notre Dame de Guadalupe. Il analyse les notions philosophico-theologiques de signe et de symbole, met en relation les manifestations de Notre Dame de Guadalupe avec l'image de Marie dans le NT, propose quelques reflexions historiques et theologiques afin de montrer que Marie de Guadalupe doit etre consideree comme un signe d'unite
Don't Forget About Me

SUMMARY The first half of this paper reviews the personal and professional experiences of the authors after having a client die by suicide (the first author) or make a serious attempt (the second author). The second half reviews research on training and graduate students' experience with suicide and attempted suicide and then reviews supervisors' interventions. The paper ends with sets of suggestions for trainees, supervisors, and clinical programs.
ON ROOT MULTIPLICITIES OF $H A_n^{(1)}$

We determine the root multiplicities of the Kac–Moody Lie algebra of indefinite type using a recursive root multiplicity formula due to Kang. We view as a representation of its subalgebra and then use the combinatorics of the irreducible representations of to determine the root multiplicities.
Conjunctival impression cytology: Feasibility of a field trial to detect subclinical vitamin A deficiency

Two hundred and thirty-six Guatemalan children aged 2-14 y were examined for subclinical vitamin A deficiency by use of conjunctival impression cytology (CIC). The feasibility of the technique and quality of a modified touch procedure were assessed. Neither lid speculum nor physical restraint in the form of a papoose board was used. The CIC technique was easily performed on children aged greater than 3 y but was more difficult among those less than or equal to 3 y. Laboratory processing of specimens is uncomplicated but interpretation may be problematic and requires clearly defined criteria of normal and abnormal cytology as well as careful standardization of readers.
Right‐Wing Authoritarianism and Managerial Assessment of a Schizophrenic Candidate

An experiment examined the relationship between authoritarianism and managerial assessment of a person designated as a medically controlled schizophrenic. Participants rated a male applicant on both a candidate appraisal form and an affective attitudes scale. Half the participants saw background information and a videotaped interview describing the applicant as having left work for 6 months to receive psychiatric treatment for schizophrenia. He now was taking medication and doing well. Half the participants received background and interview information indicating that the candidate was out of work for 6 months due to a business slowdown. Participants high in authoritarianism who viewed the candidate as schizophrenic gave lower candidate appraisal ratings (p<.01) and expressed more negative affective attitudes (p<.01) than did other participants.
Inverse Eigenmode Method for Identifying and Locating Added Mass in Mechanically Diverse Coupled Microresonantor Arrays

This paper summarizes a numerical analysis of an eigenmode-based approach for ultrasensitive mass detection via coupled microcantilevers. Mass detection using microcantilevers typically entails the observation of shifts in resonance frequency. Recently, detection systems have been proposed in which multiple cantilever sensors are coupled, either directly or by attachment to a single shuttle mass. Once sensors are coupled, however, mass adsorption on a single sensor alters all eigenmodes of the system. Thus, one disadvantage of the frequency-shift method in such cases is the need for strong mode localization, such that the shift of a single frequency can be associated with a mass change on a specific sensor. The consequent requirement for weak coupling limits the number of microcantilevers that can occupy a specific frequency band. The proposed eigenmode-based detection scheme involves solving the inverse eigenvalue problem to identify added mass, and can be used in cases where more than one eigenfrequency has shifted significantly. The method requires a single measured mode shape and corresponding natural frequency, selected from among those where a shift was observed. The fidelity of the identification of added mass and its location depends on the ability to accurately measure the mode shape, and on the amplitude with which each cantilever vibrates in the chosen mode (in modes without strong localization, multiple cantilevers respond with significant amplitude). Simulation results are presented that quantify, as a function of measurement noise, the ability of the method to accurately identify the cantilever(s) where mass adheres. In cases in which the resonance frequency-shift method is inappropriate due to non-localized modes, the inverse eigenvalue method proposed here can be used to identify both the amount and location of the added mass.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Predicting prognosis of brain metastasis using molecular and clinical variables

s a result ofmore sensitive detectionmethods and longer survival of patients with systemic cancers, metastatic A brain tumors show increasing prevalence (1). With treatment, the length of survival with newly discovered brain metastases is approximately 8months. However, nearly 20%of patients live for >5 years after treatment for metastatic brain tumors. The most common tumors most likely to metastasize to the brain are lung, breast, and melanoma, with renal and colon cancers increasing in prevalence. Lung cancer remains the most common systemic cancer to metastasize to the central nervous system. Each of the aforementioned tumors has a different metastatic pattern. Lung cancer often has synchronous presentation, whereas breast cancer is usually metachronous, and melanoma has a prolonged metachronous presentation, often many years.
Cosmic String Constraints From WMAP and the South Pole Telescope Data

The predictions of the inflationary LCDM paradigm match today's high-precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy extremely well. The same data put tight limits on other sources of anisotropy. Cosmic strings are a particularly interesting alternate source to constrain. Strings are topological defects, remnants of inflationary-era physics that persist after the big bang. They are formed in a variety of models of inflation, including string theory models such as brane inflation. We assume a "Nambu-Goto" model for strings, approximated by a collection of unconnected segments with zero width, and show that measurements of temperature anisotropy by the South Pole Telescope break a parameter degeneracy in the WMAP data, permitting us to place a strong upper limit on the possible string contribution to the CMB anisotropy: the power sourced by zero-width strings must be <1.75% (95% CL) of the total or the string tension Gmu <1.7x10^{-7}. These limits imply that the best hope for detecting strings in the CMB will come from B-mode polarization measurements at arcminute scales rather than the degree scale measurements pursued for gravitational wave detection.
Glycobiology of Plasmodium falciparum

The human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has as its only glycoconjugate GPI anchors. These structures, present in essentially all parasite surface proteins, are associated with disease pathology. In contrast, the parasite depends for essential recognition events on saccharides associated with host cell glycoproteins and proteoglycans.
How Do You Sign "Apartheid"? The Politics of South African Sign Language

ISICATSHULWAUlubonisa Njani "Ucalu-Calulo Lweentlanga" ? lipolitiki zolwimi lwentshukumo lomZantsi AfrikaEli phepha linika inkcukacha yengxoxo yale meko ikhoyo malunga nokusetyenziswa nokuqhubela phambili ulwimi lwentshukumo emZantsi Afrika, kunye nonxulumano lwalo neminye imibandela yezentlalo nezobupolitiki ehambelana nobuThulu njengeqela elicinezelweyo kulo mZantsi Afrika weli xesha sikulo.Eli phepha ke linika imibandela eyahlukileyo emithathu kodwa ibe inxulumene: okokuqala, luhlobo lokucwangcisa ulwimi ngokuphathelele kulwimi lwentshukumo ngokubanzi, okwesibini, yinxaxheba yolwimi lwentshukumo njengolwimi lwesiNtu lweqela lolwimi olucinezelweyo emZantsi Afrika; okwesithathu, ziintsingiselo zobuthulu kweminye imibandela ehambelana nezithethe nokunxhaxha kolwimi okuthe qho ukwahlula uluntu lweli xesha lomZantsi Afrika.RESUMOKiel signi "Apartheid" ? La politiko de sudafrika gestolingvoLa referajo liveras detalan pritrakton de la nuna situacio koncerne la uzon kaj evoluigon de la gestolingvo en Sudafriko, kaj ties rilato al aliaj sociaj kaj politikaj demandoj konceme la Surdularon kiel subprematan komunumon en la nuntempa Sudafriko. Tiel, la referaĵo pritraktas tri apartajn sed rilatajn problemojn: unue, la karakteron de lingvoplanado en ties aplikiĝo al gestolingvoj generate; due, la rolon de la gestolingvo kiel la denaska lingvo de subpremata lingva komunumo en Sudafriko; kaj, trie, la implicojn de la kazo de la Surdularo rilate al aliaj demandoj ligitaj al kultura kaj lingva diverseco, kiuj daŭre dividas la modernan sudafrikan socion.
Convergence rate of MLE in generalized linear and nonlinear mixed-effects models: Theory and applications

Abstract Generalized linear and nonlinear mixed-effects models are used extensively in the study of repeated measurements and longitudinal data analysis. Convergence rates of maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) differ from parameter to parameter, which is not well explained in the literature. We consider the convergence rates of the MLEs for three different cases: (1) the number of subjects (clusters) n tends to infinity while the number of measurements per subject p remains finite; (2) both n and p tend to infinity; (3) n remains finite while p tends to infinity. In the three cases above, the MLE may have different convergence rates. In case (1), as we can expect, the MLE of all parameters are n -consistent under some regularity conditions; in case (2), some parameters could be np -consistent. These rates of convergence have a crucial impact on both experimental design and data analysis. Limited simulations were performed to examine the theoretical results. We illustrate applications of our results through one example and through presenting the exact convergence rates of some “approximate” MLEs such as PQL, CGEE2, etc. It is shown that the MLE for some parameters and some “approximate” MLEs may be N -consistent, here N = np is the total sample size. Also our results show that the MLE of some parameters maybe asymptotically independent of some other parameters.
Echelle spectrometer for single shot elemental analysis.

The paper presents a spectrometer combining echelles with imaging detectors and optimizing the echelle design to match the behavior of the detector, to be used for simultaneous high-resolution multiwavelength observations of a variety of discharges. The instrument utilizes a dual Czerny-Turner mount, with compensation of astigmatism generated in the first spectrometer by arranging the second spectrometer in a plane orthogonal to the first. Software for displaying spectra in false color, extraction of orders from echellograms, and wavelength calibration is outlined. Application of the spectrometer to the study of three plasma systems is described.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An electromagnetic study of Maui's last active volcano

I have used both d.c. resistivity and time‐varying (0.2–5 Hz) magnetic field soundings to study the Ulupalakua‐Makena area on the island of Maui, the site of the last historic eruption in 1970. Using generalized inversions of the combined data, I have estimated the electrical resistivity structure beneath eight magnetometer sites. The resistivity values I obtained for electrical basement (saltwater‐saturated basalt) are reasonably consistent with a single value of 6 ± 1 Ω ⋅ m at all eight sites, although there is a suggestion of an increase in resistivity away from the coastline. The resolution matrices for the magnetic data indicated that, in addition to resolving the resistivity of electrical basement, the data were significantly affected by a combination of the resistivity of the soil layer and the depth to basement. Use of the Schlumberger data in conjunction with the magnetic data removed this correlation and resulted in good resolution for the resistivity/thickness combinations of the four upper mod...
Semantic relatedness effects in conjoined noun phrase production: implications for the role of short-term memory.

Abstract Speech error data and empirical studies suggest that the scope of planning is larger for semantic than for phonological form representations in speech production. Previous results have demonstrated that some patients show dissociable impairments in the retention of semantic and phonological codes. The effect of these STM deficits on speech production was investigated using a phrase production paradigm that manipulated the semantic relatedness of the words in the phrase. Subjects produced a conjoined noun phrase to describe two pictures (e.g., "ball and hat") or produced the same phrases in response to pairs of written words. For the picture naming condition, control subjects showed an interference effect for semantically related pictures relative to unrelated pictures. This interference effect was greatly exaggerated for two patients with semantic short-term memory deficits but not for a patient with a phonological STM deficit. For the written words, control subjects showed a small facilitatory e...
A Unique Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Antagonist Suppresses Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in Rats

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a complication of in vitro fertilization associated with physiological changes after hCG administration to induce final oocyte maturation. It presents as widespread increases in vascular permeability and, in rare cases, results in cycle cancellation, multi-organ dysfunction, and pregnancy termination. These physiological changes are due primarily to activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system in response to exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). An hCG antagonist (hCG-Ant) could attenuate these effects by competitively binding to the LH/CG receptor, thereby blocking LH activity in vivo. We expressed a form of hCG that lacks three of its four N-linked glycosylation sites and tested its efficacy as an antagonist. The hCG-Ant binds the LH receptor with an affinity similar to native hCG and inhibits cAMP response in vitro. In a rat model for ovarian stimulation, hCG-Ant dramatically reduces ovulation and steroid hormone production. In a well-established rat OHSS model, vascular permeability and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression are dramatically reduced after hCG-Ant treatment. Finally, hCG-Ant does not appear to alter blastocyst development when given after hCG in mice. These studies demonstrate that removing specific glycosylation sites on native hCG can produce an hCG-Ant that is capable of binding without activating the LH receptor and blocking the actions of hCG. Thus hCG-Ant will be investigated as a potential therapy for OHSS.