cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Persistent hyperparathyroidism caused by incomplete parathyroid resection and a hyperfunctioning parathyroid autograft.

A case of familial primary hyperparathyroidism occurred in which persistent hypercalcemia was caused by hyperplastic parathyroid tissue left in the neck and mediastinum after initial surgery and by a hyperfunctioning parathyroid autograft in the forearm. Successful therapy required parathyroid localization and resection of tissue from the neck, mediastinum, and forearm. Parathyroid tissue should be autotransplanted at the time of initial surgery only when total parathyroidectomy is judged likely to have been achieved. (JAMA1983;250:1896-1898)
Combined thenar and hypothenar hammer syndromes: Case report and review of the literature

Patients who use the palms of their hands as a hammer may cause irreversible damage to the radial or ulnar arteries. Damage to the intima may lead to arterial thrombosis, whereas damage to the media may cause aneurysm formation with embolization to the digital arteries, causing symptoms of ischemia. These patients may have symptoms of Raynaud syndrome, or they may have ischemic ulcerations of their fingers. Hypothenar hammer syndrome with involvement of the ulnar artery is much more frequently encountered than thenar hammer syndrome, which is caused by damage to the radial artery. We report a patient with symptomatic occlusion of both the radial and ulnar arteries secondary to repetitive trauma to the palm of his hand. In our review of the literature, we found two reports involving a total of four patients with similar findings. Both conservative and surgical treatments have been used successfully. Avoidance of the precipitating activities is important in long-term management of these patients.
How important is hyperglycemia during acute brain infarction

Background Although well supported by animal studies, it remains unproven whether lowering hyperglycemia during acute cerebral infarction will improve outcomes. Further support for this therapeutic approach comes from clinical studies in acute myocardial infarction and in ventilated postsurgical patients, where lowering hyperglycemia improved outcomes. Review summary Animal studies support the hypothesis that hyperglycemia during acute brain ischemia augments the brain injury, but only in models with reperfusion. The available human studies to date are all observational and they usually find an association between hyperglycemia during acute cerebral infarction and worse outcome. Also, there is evidence that hyperglycemia during acute cerebral infarction is detrimental only with reperfusion. This association appears to be linear in the glucose ranges tested (normal to high). In addition, there is an association between admission hyperglycemia and hemorrhagic conversion of an acute cerebral infarct when thrombolytics are used. Conclusion Sufficient evidence has accumulated to proceed to clinical efficacy trials to see if tight glycemic control compared with persistent hyperglycemia during acute cerebral infarction will improve outcomes. If such therapy proves beneficial, the increased cost, effort, and risk associated with tight glycemic control during acute cerebral infarction could be justified. Randomized clinical trials to test this hypothesis are currently in progress.
Repellent Subjects: Hollywood Censorship and Surgical Images in the 1930s

Lederer provides a historical overview of the censorship of surgical images of U.S. films made in the 1930's. This essay examines the Motion Picture Production Code in an effort to understand the effect of the category of "Repellent Subjects" identified by the Code. It includes "surgical operations" alongside "actual hangings or electrocutions as legal punishments of crime," "brutality," "branding of people and animals," "apparent cruelty to children or animals," "the sale of women, or a woman selling her virtue." Lederer looks closely at films such as Men in White and the treatment of the female body in medical scenes as she develops her argument that censorship functioned to suppress controversy, to maintain social order, and to conserve an ethical value system.
Electrochemical reaction control of contact angles on copper and synthetic chalcocite in aqueous potassium diethyldithiophosphate solutions

Abstract The contact angles on synthetic chalcocite in potassium diethyldithiophosphate (KDTP) solutions have been compared with those on copper to delineate physico-chemical factors which might contribute to the flotation response of copper sulfides. The influence of a number of variables such as KDTP concentration, solution pH, gaseous environment and electrochemical pretreatment has been investigated. The results are discussed in terms of the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the system.
The Pacific Coast Maritime Strike of 1936: Another View

The Pacific Coast maritime strike of 1936 lasted ninety-nine days and cost the maritime and related industries almost $$700 million. For seventy years scholars have placed primary blame on the shipowners and waterfront operators, who are seen as preferring to tie up their ships rather than grant union demands. The records of the U.S. Maritime Commission (1936––1950) reveal a different story about the conflict. From the Maritime Commission9s perspective, the maritime and longshore unions were at fault for refusing to grasp opportunities offered them by management. The article also includes hitherto unrecorded involvement on the part of Frances Perkins and the Department of Labor, as well as key reminiscences and documents from the private papers of one of the commission9s primary actors in government efforts to prevent the strike through mediation and arbitration.
Development of digital particle imaging velocimetry for use in turbomachinery

Digital Particle Imaging Velocimetry (DPIV) is a powerful measurement technique, which can be used as an alternative or complementary approach to Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) in a wide range of research applications. The instantaneous planar velocity measurements obtained with PIV make it an attractive technique for use in the study of the complex flow fields encountered in turbomachinery. The ability to acquire multiple measurement points of comparable accuracy to LDV results in reduced runtime and enables the study of both transient and steady state flow phenomena. Many of the same issues encountered in the application of LDV to rotating machinery apply in the application of PIV. Techniques for optical access, light sheet delivery, CCD camera technology and particulate seeding are discussed. Results from the successful application of the PIV technique to both the blade passage region of a transonic axial compressor and the diffuser region of a high speed centrifugal compressor are presented. Both instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields were obtained. The 95% confidence intervals for the velocity estimates were also determined.
“SPANISH ISRAELITE(S), SON(S) OF COLOMBIA”: ERNESTO CORTISSOZ AND ABRAHAM Z. LÓPEZ PENHA IN BARRANQUILLA, 1850–1950

Barranquilla, a city on the Colombian Caribbean, blossomed from a tiny village at the beginning of the nineteenth century into a booming, forward-looking port city by 1900. Unlike the rest of Colombia, Barranquilla became a magnet for multiethnic overseas immigration in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Caribbean Sephardim, mostly from Curacao, made vital contributions to the development of Barranquilla and, in fact, their trajectory seemed to echo the historical arc of the city itself. Among these individuals were Ernesto Cortissoz, businessman and commercial aviation pioneer, and Abraham Lopez Penha, author and literary promoter. Cortissoz was a freethinker who expressed a strong reservation toward religion and, while he married a non-Jewish woman and his descendants assimilated into Catholic society, he did not convert to Catholicism. By contrast, Lopez Penha had an affirmative, creative and public engagement with Sephardic and Hispanic American identities. He corresponded with figures...
Phytohormone-mediated plant resistance and predation risk act independently on the population growth and wing formation of potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Aphids increase production of winged individuals as a generalized response to multiple threats, including predators, competitors, and poor host plant quality. While wing formation in response to these individual threats is well documented, few investigations have evaluated whether combined threats lead to additive or non-additive outcomes. We tested the interactive effects of predation risk and plant quality on population growth and wing induction in the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Plant quality was varied using phytohormonal manipulations of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to elevate or suppress the jasmonate and salicylate defense pathways. Predation risk was altered by exposing aphids to lethal or risk (unable to feed) individuals of the convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens. Phytohormonal treatments resulted in >4-fold variation in aphid population growth and thus strongly affected plant quality; however, the percentage of winged individuals was no different across plant types. Predators similarly reduced aphid abundance, but also elicited a ~3-fold increase in wing formation, an effect that was similar in magnitude when comparing lethal with risk predators. The overall impact of plants and predators on aphids was largely additive, an outcome that was unexpected given the likelihood for interactions between these two factors and our prior results with other herbivores in this system. We discuss this discrepancy in the context of phenotypic plasticity, non-lethal predator effects, and the ecological challenges faced by wing dimorphic insects.
On uniqueness of solutions in generalized plasticity at infinitesimal deformation

Abstract By means of the usual methodology used in proving the uniqueness of solutions of quasi-static boundary-value problems in solid mechanics with infinitesimal deformations, it is shown that in a material modeled by generalized plasticity theory, a sufficient condition for uniqueness of the strain-rate field holds if the material is not merely work-hardening but if its plastic modulus exceeds a certain threshold value that increases with the degree of deviation of the plastic strain rate from the normal to the loading surface.
Visually-Guided Behaviour and Behaviourally-Guided Vision

Temporal integration in perceptually-guided behaviour, and the effects of disturbing the normal temporal and spatial relationships between perceptual display and responding action, are outlined. The characteristics of the cybernetic, feedback model of behaviour they point to are discussed, and evidence is cited which shows that the effects are often highly specific to particular tasks and are affected by difficulties of the task which derive from factors other than temporal and spatial disturbances. A plea is made for a reappraisal of accepted ideas on sensory-motor performance, to incorporate the implications of sensory feedback resulting from action more thoroughly than has been done in the past
Hepatocyte transplantation : new horizons and challenges

Hepatocyte transplantation represents an alternative strategy for treating liver disease. Liver repopulation following acute liver failure could, potentially, eliminate the requirement for orthotopic liver transplantation. Similarly, the ability to repopulate the liver with disease-resistant hepatocytes offers new opportunities for correcting genetic disorders and treating patients with chronic liver disease. Recent advances concerning the fate of transplanted cells in the recipient liver, the efficacy of cell therapy in outstanding animal models of human disease, and the isolation of progenitor liver cells capable of differentiating into mature hepatocytes have renewed optimism in regard to treating people with hepatocyte transplantation. Recruitment of an increasing number of investigators to the field and the success of recent pilot studies indicate that hepatocyte transplantation will become routine clinical practice in the near future.
Improving Health Care for the Poor: Lessons From the 1980s

ALTHOUGH the details of the Clinton Health Security Plan have yet to be debated and acted on by the Congress, it is reasonably certain that the country is on its way to providing coverage for essential health care services to all Americans. Accordingly, it may be both timely and helpful to report the findings of a study of the changing US health care delivery system seen through the mirror of the nation's four largest metropolitan areas—New York, NY, Chicago, Ill, Houston, Tex, and Los Angeles, Calif. The study was undertaken by the Eisenhower Center staff at Columbia University, New York, in the late 1980s in collaboration with three field associates with the support of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. 1 Our primary focus was the changing structures for delivering health care services to the poor, and we believe that the findings hold lessons for the nation as it seeks to
Female Stress Urinary Incontinence Due to Intrinsic Sphincteric Deficiency: Recognition and Management

AbstractPurpose: The recent literature on intrinsic sphincteric deficiency is reviewed.Materials and Methods: We performed an extensive literature search related to the diagnosis, management and treatment of intrinsic sphincteric deficiency.Results: Stress urinary incontinence results from insufficient urethral resistance and/or support during increases in intra-abdominal pressure. Since treatment of stress urinary incontinence is closely related to the mechanism of urinary leakage, recognition of intrinsic sphincteric deficiency is of the utmost importance in its evaluation. Furthermore, to date there is no consensus on the treatment of intrinsic sphincteric deficiency and various procedures may be considered.Conclusions: The pathophysiology of urinary incontinence in female patients is still controversial. Intrinsic sphincteric deficiency is best recognized by history and clinical examination in conjunction with documentation of severe stress urinary incontinence, a fixed urethra and a low Valsalva leak...
Wind energy from turbulence: constant tip speed ratio operation

Abstract The ability of a wind machine, operating at constant tip speed ratio, to extract power from the turbulent eddy fluctuations in the wind is examined. A model is constructed relating the inertia of the machine to its ability to follow the fluctuations. The model includes a transfer function from which a cutoff frequency can be predicted. A field test on the University of Massachusetts experimental wind turbine yielded a cutoff frequency close to that of the model. The fraction of the additional energy available in the turbulent fluctuations to be extracted by the machine may be between 3% and 37% more than would be predicted from hourly average wind speeds. A responsive wind machine operating at constant tip speed ratio could extract approximately 70% of the additional energy. Further, machines that do not operate at constant tip speed ratio may produce less power in turbulent winds than would be predicted from an hourly average.
A new approach to extended focus for high-speed, high-resolution biological microscopy

Microscopic study of rapid biological processes often requires both high resolution and high acquisition speed. When the speed requirement precludes acquiring a full 3D focal series at each time point, it can be attractive to sacrifice all axial information and instead record a single, 2D image per time point. This can be done at very high frame rates. High-resolution objectives, however, have a very short depth of focus. There are several established methods to achieve extended depth of focus, including annular pupil masks; mechanical sweeping of the focus and wavefront coding, which uses a pupil-plane optical device to introduce geometric aberrations. We have developed a new pupil plane approach where the light is manipulated chromatically rather than geometrically. A phase mask with circularly symmetric stair steps divides the pupil plane into a series of annular zones. The stair steps are large compared to the coherence length of the observation light, so that images from different zones form independently and combine incoherently into a final image. Each zone carries only a fraction of the objective's axial resolution, but the larger zones still carry the full lateral resolution of the objective. The incoherent addition of the different single-zone images results in a smooth and circularly symmetric point spread function with a depth of focus that is extended by a factor approximately equal to the number of zones in the mask. The method has been demonstrated both on bead samples and on whole cells with a performance that is well in accordance with the theoretical predictions.
ESR imaging via electron spin echo and pulsed field gradient techniques

Abstract The combination of electron spin echo and pulsed field gradient techniques has been applied to investigate the spatial separation of paramagnetic centers. The feasibility and the advantages of this technique are demonstrated in the results of preliminary experiments on fluoranthenyl radical cation salts of AsF6, (FA2)+ AsF6−.
Coincident recording and stimulation of single and multiple neuronal activity with one extracellular microelectrode

Abstract This paper describes how an extracellular microelectrode may be used to stimulate neurons with brief, rectangular pulses and afterwards directly record the resultant activity. Two obstacles are the stimulus artifact lingering in the electrical circuitry and transient tip potentials (TTPs) arising from ion depletion at the electrode-tissue interface. Electronic switching between the stimulus source and the recording amplifier eliminates direct stimulus artifact from the electrical circuitry, although high but acceptable switching artifact remains. TTPs revert with time constants that are prominent in the desired recording (0.1–1 ms) and can reach 50 mV when more than 1 μA passes through a typical electrolyte-filled micropipette (for example 2–4 MΩ, filled with 3 M NaCl, and placed in 0.1 M NaCl). They are always negative when cations flow into the tip, they are accompanied by a rise in microelectrode impedance, and they increase as a function of the resting electrode impedance, the duration and amplitude of applied current, and the dilution of the external electrolyte. TTPs were subtracted by differential recording and stimulation through matched micropipettes (one in the brain and one in contiguous electrolyte) and in addition were reduced by pressure ejection of electrolyte. Directly elicited spikes (single or multiple) were detected about 0.5 ms after delivery of a rectangular stimulus pulse in the cerebellar cortex of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Typically, 3–4 units could be excited by less than 3 μA cathodal currents at any recording site. All-or-nothing properties, thresholds, and refractoriness to a second pulse within 2–4 ms verified the neuronal nature of the recorded signals. Complex wave forms, probably generated synaptically, were also seen. The technique of coincident extracellular recording and stimulation can be used as a universal search stimulus during microelectrode penetrations through the brain and in determining threshold-distance relations for extracellular stimulation. Where cell penetrations are unstable, it might be usefully substituted for intracellular technique in testing a neuron's behavioral or physiological influences or in exploring a cell membrane's response to drugs (in terms of excitability rather than voltage and impedance).
TRANSITORY EXPRESSION OF THE A2B ADENOSINE RECEPTOR DURING IMPLANTATION CHAMBER DEVELOPMENT

Adenosine is a short-range signal molecule that surges in the mouse uterus immediately after blastocyst implantation (Blackburn et al. [1992] Dev. Dyn. 194:155–168). The present study has investigated patterns of uterine adenosine receptor expression during early post-implantation development. Strong expression of the A2b adenosine receptor was observed. Utilizing northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunostaining, the source of expression was mapped to the primary and secondary decidua of the antimesometrial region, between days 4–8 of gestation. Distribution of the A2b receptor protein followed that of the corresponding transcript by about one gestational day and reflected the dynamics of antimesometrial tissue organization during implantation chamber development. Uterine adenosine surges to levels sufficient for A2b receptor engagement during a defined period (i.e., days 4–6) after blastocyst implantation. Decidual A2b receptor expression thus defines a transitory window of murine gestation that corresponds to a period of human gestation encompassing most spontaneous pregnancy losses. Because adenosine receptors are sensitive to metabolically stable adenosine analogues, their differential expression during implantation chamber development may hold therapeutic potential in the prevention of early pregnancy loss. Dev Dyn 1999;216:127–136. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Screening potential of solid-phase extraction room temperature phosphorimetry for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzofurans in water samples.

Solid-phase extraction room-temperature phosphorimetry is evaluated for screening polychlorinated dibenzofurans in water samples. The organic pollutants are extracted from water samples on octadecyl bonded silica membranes. Water extraction is rapidly performed on a 13 mm disk by using a 100 mL syringe and a stainless steel filter holder. Room-temperature phosphorimetry is directly performed on the extraction membrane, which results in analysis times of approximately 10 min per sample. Limits of detection at the sub-parts-per-billion (ng·mL-1) are obtained with 100 mL of water sample. The selectivity of the technique is appropriate for total polychlorinated dibenzofurans analysis in the presence of concomitants such as pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. At the present stage, this methodology can obviate costly chromatographic analysis of uncontaminated water samples. Since it is a nondestructive technique, it could be used in tan...
STRUCTURAL ROLE OF THE METAL IN CRYSTALLINE COMPLEXES OF RIBONUCLEASE.

PREVIOUS investigations1,2 of the various crystalline modifications of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (hereinafter abbreviated as RNase) have shown that the growth of several of these depends on the presence of a metal compound in the crystallization medium. To be reported here are some observations throwing light on the structural role of the metal atoms in one of these modifications, namely, RNase I (space group P212121).
Microemulsions, Macroemulsions, and the Bancroft Rule

In most cases, in both micro- and macroemulsions, the phase in which the surfactant is most soluble constitutes the continuous phase. There are, however, violations to this Bancroft rule, and the goal of the paper is to delineate the conditions of validity of the rule. For microemulsions two ratios are significant from this point of view. One of them, R1, compares the interactions in the bulk between surfactant and oil to those between surfactant and water; the other, R2, compares the interactions between the hydrocarbon chains of the surfactant in the interfacial layer and oil to those between the head groups of the surfactant molecules in the interfacial layer and water. Ratio R1 indicates the preferred phase, while ratio R2 indicates the preferred curvature. When both ratios are smaller or larger than unity, the Bancroft rule is obeyed. When one of them is smaller and the other larger than unity, the Bancroft rule is violated. The violations observed by Binks regarding the phase behavior of the ternary...
Na+,K+-ATPase: on the nature of the "cross-linked" subunits obtained in the presence of o-phenanthroline and cupric ion.

Abstract In previous studies on the quaternary structure of Na+,K+-ATPase, cupric-phenanthroline complex (CP) has been used for the cross-linking of the enzyme subunits. Here we show that the same products obtained in the presence of CP (α,α-dimer, α,β-dimer, and products of higher molecular weight) are also obtained when the enzyme is exposed to Cu2+ without o-phenanthroline. The α,β-dimer (but not the α,α-dimer) is dissociated in the presence of EDTA; indicating that this product is not the result of the covalent cross-linking of the subunits through a disulfide bond. The nature of the α,α-dimer remains to be determined. The findings suggest that the results of “cross-linking” experiments with CP should be interpreted with caution until the products are more clearly identified.
Applications of AFLP and ISSR techniques in detecting genetic diversity in the soybean brown stem rot pathogen Phialophora gregata

AFLP (amplified fragments length polymorphism) and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) analyses were used to detect genetic diversity among 46 Phialophora gregata isolates including 41 from soybean, four from mung bean, and one from adzuki bean. Five AFLP primers amplified 55 fragments, of which 20 bands were polymorphic. Thirteen ISSR primers amplified 66 fragments, of which 45 bands were polymorphic. The ISSR technique detected more polymorphism than the AFLP technique did. A UPGMA (unweighted pair-group arithmetic mean) dendrogram was constructed based on the 121 amplified fragments with AFLP and ISSR primers to depict genetic diversity and relationships among the 46 isolates. Various levels of DNA polymorphism were detected among P. gregata isolates from soybean and mung bean. The estimated average genetic diversity is 0.079 for the population of 45 isolates from soybean and mung bean. The ISSR technique was shown to be more effective and economic than the AFLP technique in detecting genetic variation in P. gregata.
In vivo Mn-enhanced MRI for early tumor detection and growth rate analysis in a mouse medulloblastoma model.

Mouse models have increased our understanding of the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor that often forms in the cerebellum. A major goal of ongoing research is to better understand the early stages of tumorigenesis and to establish the genetic and environmental changes that underlie MB initiation and growth. However, studies of MB progression in mouse models are difficult due to the heterogeneity of tumor onset times and growth patterns and the lack of clinical symptoms at early stages. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is critical for noninvasive, longitudinal, three-dimensional (3D) brain tumor imaging in the clinic but is limited in resolution and sensitivity for imaging early MBs in mice. In this study, high-resolution (100 μm in 2 hours) and high-throughput (150 μm in 15 minutes) manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) protocols were optimized for early detection and monitoring of MBs in a Patched-1 (Ptch1) conditional knockout (CKO) model. The high tissue contrast obtained with MEMRI revealed detailed cerebellar morphology and enabled detection of MBs over a wide range of stages including pretumoral lesions as early as 2 to 3 weeks postnatal with volumes close to 0.1 mm3. Furthermore, longitudinal MEMRI allowed noninvasive monitoring of tumors and demonstrated that lesions within and between individuals have different tumorigenic potentials. 3D volumetric studies allowed quantitative analysis of MB tumor morphology and growth rates in individual Ptch1-CKO mice. These results show that MEMRI provides a powerful method for early in vivo detection and longitudinal imaging of MB progression in the mouse brain.
A Modular Approach for Facile Biosynthesis of Labdane-Related Diterpenes

Labdane-related diterpenoids are a large group of over 5000 natural products whose biosynthesis typically proceeds through a labdadienyl/copalyl diphosphate (CPP) intermediate to a further cyclized and/or rearranged hydrocarbon diterpene en route to more elaborated compounds. Here we report a modular approach for facile biosynthesis of labdane-related diterpenes wherein base pGGxC vectors capable of introducing bacterial production of any one of the three common stereoisomers of CPP can be co-introduced with diterpene synthases that convert these CPP intermediates to specific diterpene hydrocarbon skeletal structures. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by individually engineering E. coli to produce any one of eight different diterpene skeletal structures, which collectively serve as precursors to literally thousands of distinct natural products.
Cadherins, catenins and APC protein: interplay between cytoskeletal complexes and signaling pathways

Abstract Cadherins play important roles in cell—cell adhesion during tissue differentiation. Cadherins are linked to the actin cytoskeleton by catenins (β-catenin/armadillo, plakoglobin, and α-catenin). Recent results show that β-catenin also binds to another cytoskeletal complex containing the adenomatous polyposis coli protein and microtubules, and interacts with several signaling pathways that include tyrosine kinases and phosphatases and Wnt/Wingless. Interplay between these cytoskeletal complexes and signaling pathways may regulate morphogenesis.
Exploring Molecular Mechanisms of the Functional Interaction between Kv1.3 and Nav Beta1

Voltage gated ion channels (VGICs) play crucial roles in the propagation electrical signals in excitable cells. In contrast, several VGICs have been also known to express in non-excitable cells and participate in keeping cell homeostasis. The voltage-gated potassium channel subfamily A member 3 (Kv1.3) is one of the Shaker-related channels expressed mainly on T lymphocytes. Many reports have indicated that Kv1.3 is associated with several diseases including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and obesity. On the other hand, the voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) Beta 1 is known as a subunit modulating kinetics and expression of Nav, but several studies have shown that NavBeta1 also participates in brain development and cell signaling. These ‘non-canonical’ functions in VGICs have been focused upon recently and an exciting report showed the functional interaction between murine Kv1.3 (mKv1.3) and rat Navbeta1 (rBeta1) (Nguyan HM et al. PNAS 2012). The authors demonstrated that the activation of mKv1.3 ionic current is accelerated by rBeta1. Here, we explore the molecular mechanisms of the acceleration in Kv1.3 activation through gating currents of human Kv1.3 (hKv1.3) with and without rBeta1 using the cut-open voltage clamp technique. We found that the N-terminus of hKv1.3 is associated with trafficking efficiency of the protein to the membrane in Xenopus oocytes. Our data indicated that rBeta1 did not accelerate the gating current activation of hKv1.3, but shifted the Q-V in the depolarizing direction and slowed their kinetics. Because there are several differences in the amino acid sequences of mKv1.3 and hKv1.3, the differences between the previous report and our results may give clues on the molecular mechanisms of the functional interaction between Kv1.3 and rBeta1. Support: 13POST14800031 (AHA), U54GM087519 and R01GM030376
Aerosol studies by light scattering. IV. Preparation and particle size distribution of aerosols consisting of concentric spheres

Abstract Coated aerosols consisting of silver chloride spheres encased in a concentric shell of linolenic acid have been prepared and their particle size distribution analyzed by light scattering. The procedure involves preparation of a silver chloride aerosol of uniform particle size by condensation of silver chloride vapor upon sodium chloride nuclei in a high temperature generator. The size distribution of the silver chloride aerosol particles is determined by light scattering using the polarization ratio method and is confirmed by electron microscopy. The vapors of linolenic acid are next condensed upon the silver chloride particles forming the coated aerosols. These are then analyzed by the polarization ratio method using the theory of scattering by concentric spheres. In order to simplify the computations a model is assumed for which either the thickness of the coating on each particle is constant or the volume of coated material is constant. For the range of parameters used here, both models give equivalent results. The linolenic acid can be fixed by OsO4 and the size distribution of the coated aerosols also confirmed by electron microscopy.
Sexual maturation in subjects with sickle cell anemia: Studies of serum gonadotropin concentration, height, weight, and skeletal age

Luteinizing hormone and FSH concentrations were determined in sera obtained from 20 males and 20 females, ages 5 to 16 years, with sickle cell anemia (homozygous hemoglobin S). Height, weight, bone age, and stage of sexual development were also determined. Gonadotropin concentrations were increased for stage of sexual development, suggesting transient impairment of gonadal function during the first decade of life. Increased impairment of growth during the second decade of life (18 of 26 subjects, 69%) as compared to the first decade (4 of 14 subjects, 29%) was consistent with prior deficiency of gonadal secretion of steroids. Mean bone age (11.2±2.1 year) determined in 15 subjects was significantly less than the mean chronologic age (13.0±1.8 year). Significant additional data, particularly those which would be derived from a longitudinal study, are needed to validate the preliminary hypothesis that transient impairment in gonadal function may, in part, account for the variation in sexual maturation seen in subjects with sickle cell anemia.
The Integration of Women and Minorities into the Auditing Profession since the Civil Rights Period

ABSTRACT: Following the Civil Rights Movement and the “quiet revolution” in women's work over the years from 1950 to 1970, women and minorities increasingly joined the auditing profession while the...
Epicardial Implantation of the Automatic Implantable Defibrillator by Left Subcostal Tboracotomy

Le defibrillateur automatique implantable est un net progres en ce qui concerne la therapeutique de certains patients presentanfs des tachycardies et/ou fibrillations ventriculaires. La technique initiale necessitait la pose de deux electrodes transveineuses et d'une epicardique par thoracotomie gauche. Nous avons developpe avec succes une approche purement epicardique a l'aide d'une thoracotomie sous costale gauche. L'experience passee de l'implantation des pacemakers epicardiques par cette voie suggerait que celle ci serait bonne pour l'implantation du defibrillateur automatique. Les resultats initiaux nous encouragent a poursuivre son utilisation. The automatic implantable defibrillator is a valuable addition to the management of certain patients with ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation. The original technique required placement of two transvenous electrodes and an epicardial electrode via a left thoracotomy. We have successfully developed an all-epicardial approach using a left subcostal thoracotomy. Previous experience with epicardial pacemaker implantation by this approach suggested it would he a good technique for implantation of the automatic defibrillator. Early results with this approach have encouraged its continued use.
What predicts the first peak of the knee adduction moment

Abstract Background The first peak of the knee adduction moment curve during walking has been shown to be a good clinical surrogate measure of medial tibiofemoral joint loading and osteoarthritis. Defining the relative contributions of the variables that dictate the knee adduction moment, such as center of mass, center of pressure, vertical ground reaction force, and knee adduction angle (i.e. lower limb alignment), has not been formally investigated within the same cohort of individuals. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine which of these variables is the biggest determinant of the first peak of knee adduction moment curve. Methods Instrumented gait analysis was collected for 30 individuals. Variables significantly correlated with the peak knee adduction moment were input into a stepwise multi-variable linear regression model. Results The knee adduction angle predicted 58% of the variance in the first peak knee adduction moment and the vertical ground reaction force magnitude predicted the second most variance (20%). Conclusions The most effective way to modify the peak knee adduction moment may be to change the knee adduction angle (e.g. offloader brace), followed by changing the vertical magnitude of the ground reaction force (e.g. cane use). Clinical relevance Defining the major determinants of the knee adduction moment may help guide clinicians in choosing conservative interventions to reduce it in conditions such as medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis.
Aminopyrine uptake by guinea pig gastric mucosal cells mediation by cyclic amp and interactions among secretagogues

Abstract The role of cyclic nucleotides in regulating acid secretion by dispersed mucosal cells from guinea-pig stomach was examined by measuring first the ability of histamine and carbachol to stimulate [dimethylamine-14C]aminopyramine uptake and cyclic nucleotide metabolism and secondly, the effect of exogenous cyclic nucleotides on basal and stimulated [14C]aminopyrine uptake. The [14C]aminopyrine was found in an acidic, osmotically sensitive compartment, probably associated with the initial steps in acid secretion by these cells. Although histamine increased [14C]aminopyrine uptake and cyclic AMP synthesis as expected, histamine was approx. 10-fold more potent in inducing [14C]aminopyrine uptake. This dissociation of [14C]aminopyrine uptake and cyclic AMP metabolism process was further manifested by the observation that prostaglandin E1 failed to increase [14C]aminopyrine uptake, although it did cause a rise in cellular cyclic AMP. Furthermore, prostaglandin E1 did not alter the [14C]aminopyrine uptake caused by histamine. Carbachol was found to increase the [14C]aminopyrine uptake and also to potentiate the ability of histamine to increase [14C]aminopyrine uptake. Carbachol, however, affected neither the histamine-induced increase in cyclic AMP nor the binding of [3H]histamine to the cells. Cimetidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, blocked the [14C]aminopyrine uptake induced either by histamine alone or by the potentiating combination of histamine plus carbachol. These results suggest that cyclic AMP is mediating the action of histamine on [14C]aminopyrine uptake but changes in cyclic AMP per se are not necessarily the cause for the potentiated increase in [14C]aminopyrine uptake. Furthermore, the potentiated response observed with histamine plus carbachol on [14C]aminopyrine uptake occurs at a biochemical step distal to and not obviously related to cyclic AMP generation.
Finite element approach to warping of brain images

A probabilistic approach to the brain image matching problem is proposed in which no assumptions are made about the nature of the intensity relationship between the two brain images. Instead the correspondence between the two intensities is represented by a conditional probability, which is iteratively determined as part of the matching problem. This paper presents the theory and describes its finite element implementation. The results of preliminary experiments indicate that there remain several aspects of the algorithm that require further investigation and refinement.
Proposed Origin for Guianian Diamonds

Diamondiferous kimberlites (2.1 to 2.3 b.y. old) in west Africa are suggested as the source for alluvial diamonds found in association with the Rosebel Formation of Surinam (older than 1.8 b.y.). Current direction data from the lower Roraima group continental rocks (1.6 b.y. old) of Venezuela and Guyana indicate a source in Surinam for the sediment in the Roraima group. The abundant alluvial diamonds occurring with Roraima group strata may have a source in the Rosebel Formation in Surinam.
Adjunct therapies to bacterial sepsis in the neonate

Abstract Recent steps to prevent neonatal sepsis due to group B Streptococcal infection have lowered the attack rate from this organism, but may not have lowered overall sepsis rates. Mortality from sepsis stills remains between 20 and 40% and is probably so high due to the immunological immaturity of the newborn. Although antibiotics remain the mainstay for treatment, adjunctive therapies aimed at improving the immunological integrity of the neonatal patient have a role in treatment and may improve outcomes. We discuss several adjunctive therapies, along with the physiologic rationale for their use, and discuss an approach for their inclusion in therapy for neonatal sepsis.
Roof-rock contamination of magma along the top of the reservoir for the Bishop Tuff

Abstract The Bishop Tuff, a well known Quaternary high-silica rhyolite in east-central California, is widely considered the type example of a vertically and monotonically zoned pyroclastic deposit that represents zoning in the source magma reservoir, inverted during the process of pyroclastic emplacement. However, the deposit of plinian pumice, which forms the base of the Bishop Tuff and represents the initial 10% or so of all magma erupted during the event that produced the Bishop Tuff, contains features at odds with monotonie zoning for the reservoir. Relative to overlying ignimbrite, the plinian deposit contains a reversal in trace-element zoning. Moreover, the 87 Sr 86 Sr is significantly higher than that in overlying ignimbrite (about 0.7084 vs 0.7064), and melt inclusions trapped in quartz phenocrysts exhibit notable variability of trace-element concentrations, even within a single host crystal (e.g., U: 10.77 to 8.91 ppm). These data have been previously interpreted as due to processes of chemical fractionation and evolution operating within a magma system closed to chemical interactions with its roof rocks. For example, the reversal in trace-element zoning has been explained by the first-erupted magma being erupted from somewhat below the top of a monotonically zoned reservoir. However, we submit that the reversed zoning and other above-noted features can be explained equally well as consequences of minor assimilation of roof rocks into a magma reservoir that was erupted from the top down. The basal part of the Bishop Tuff exhibits extreme concentrations and depletions of trace elements, relative to the average composition of crustal rocks. For example, the upward decrease of Sr in the Bishop magma reservoir (downward decrease in the ignimbrite) results in concentrations as low as 2–4 ppm. Because of the attendant ‘chemical leverage’, assimilation of 87 Sr 86 Sr . Small-scale trace-element variability in the uppermost part of the Bishop magma reservoir, as recorded by the above-mentioned melt inclusions, may simply reflect melt heterogeneity produced by the process of assimilation.
Kinetic Model for FGF, FGFR, and Proteoglycan Signal Transduction Complex Assembly†

The current working model for fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) dimerization and activation requires the assembly of a ternary complex of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), FGFR, and heparin or heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) on the plasma membrane. The recent FGF2−FGFR1−heparin crystal structure provides a detailed but static view of the FGF−FGFR−heparin complex. However, the kinetics of ternary complex assembly has yet to be investigated. Here, we characterize FGF2, FGFR1, and heparin interactions using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Binding constants for binary FGF2/FGFR1 (KD = 62 nM), FGF2/heparin (KD = 39 nM), and FGFR1/heparin (KD = 3.2 μM) interactions correlate to the magnitude of binding interface observed in the FGF2−FGFR1−heparin crystal structure. Interestingly, comparison of sensorgrams of sequential injections of FGF2 and FGFR1 and equimolar FGF2−FGFR1 injections onto a heparin neoproteoglycan surface demonstrates that FGF2 dramatically enhances the association of FGFR1 with hepari...
Scalable and Modular Algorithms for Floating-Point Matrix Multiplication on Reconfigurable Computing Systems

The abundant hardware resources on current reconfigurable computing systems provide new opportunities for high-performance parallel implementations of scientific computations. In this paper, we study designs for floating-point matrix multiplication, a fundamental kernel in a number of scientific applications, on reconfigurable computing systems. We first analyze design trade-offs in implementing this kernel. These trade-offs are caused by the inherent parallelism of matrix multiplication and the resource constraints, including the number of configurable slices, the size of on-chip memory, and the available memory bandwidth. We propose three parameterized algorithms which can be tuned according to the problem size and the available hardware resources. Our algorithms employ linear array architecture with simple control logic. This architecture effectively utilizes the available resources and reduces routing complexity. The processing elements (PEs) used in our algorithms are modular so that it is easy to embed floating-point units into them. Experimental results on a Xilinx Virtex-ll Pro XC2VP100 show that our algorithms achieve good scalability and high sustained GFLOPS performance. We also implement our algorithms on Cray XD1. XD1 is a high-end reconfigurable computing system that employs both general-purpose processors and reconfigurable devices. Our algorithms achieve a sustained performance of 2.06 GFLOPS on a single node of XD1
The Polychytriales ord. nov. contains chitinophilic members of the rhizophlyctoid alliance

During the past 5 y the Rhizophydiales, Cladochytriales and Lobulomycetales have been segregated from the formerly recognized Chytridiales. Descriptions of new chytridiomycete orders are based on molecular and ultrastructural characters, which have been phylogenetically mutually supportive. The Polychytrium clade has consisted of a few chitinophilic, soil and aquatic chytrids that clustered in phylogenetic hypotheses but have not been placed in a new order. We isolated additional putative members of this clade, sequenced their nucSSU and nucLSU rDNA and examined zoospores of some of the isolates with TEM. Our isolates are in a well supported clade with previous Polychytrium clade members, but zoospore ultrastructural types vary within the clade, with characters that often are conserved within other orders (e.g. flagellar plug, rumposome) being either present or absent. Based on the isolates in culture we describe the Polychytrium clade as the Polychytriales. This order contains Polychytrium, Lacustromyces, Karlingiomyces, two new genera (Arkaya and Neokarlingia) and additional undescribed taxa.
GROWING WITH THE FLOW: ON THE MAINTENANCE AND MALLEABILITY OF COLONY FORM IN THE HYDROID HYDRACTINIA

The extent of genetic predetermination and hence the limits of developmental plas- ticity of phenotypes are largely unknown. In this context, we address a prominent theme of morphological variation in clonal organisms: the relative investment in vascular versus ramet tissue. The colonial hydroid Hydractinia is characterized by colonies with widely spaced polyps and long stolonal connections (runners) and colonies with closely packed polyps and short stolonal connections (sheets). Surgical manipulations of gastrovascular architecture were used to alter flow patterns within developing runner and sheet colonies, and subsequent morphological development of colonies was assessed. Reducing within-colony variation in patterns of gastro- vascular flow of runner colonies resulted in a lower rate of production of peripheral stolons and a sheet-type morphology. Experimentally increased variation in flow patterns within sheet colonies resulted in the development of peripheral stolons-hence, the initiation of a runnerlike growth trajectory. In both experiments, control colonies, in which stolonal architecture was not manipulated, maintained the runner or sheet morphology characteristic of their respective clones. The results imply that for this clonal species, morphological differences between geno- types can be controlled by changing gene expression in response to the local physiological conditions.