cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A model calculation of the Nelson curves for hydrogen attack

Abstract A void growth model has been applied to hydrogen attack of plain carbon structural steels, and to calculation of the Nelson curves. The driving force for void growth is the methane pressure, which is not assumed to be constant, arising from the interaction between carbon and hydrogen at void surfaces. Grain boundary diffusion and creep are considered as growth processes, and void-void interactions are treated in an appropriate way. Growth by grain boundary diffusion is most important in the early stage, but creep becomes the dominant process as the void grows. Creep is the important process for most combinations of temperature, hydrogen pressure, and exposure time. Incorporation of a failure criterion allowed a model calculation of the Nelson curves for incipient hydrogen attack. The curves were quite sensitive to the void density, but not the initial void size. With reasonable values selected for the model parameters, a semi-quantitative agreement with expirical Nelson curves was established.
Iron Chaperone Poly rC Binding Protein 1 Protects Mouse Liver From Lipid Peroxidation and Steatosis.

Background and aims Iron is essential yet also highly chemically reactive and potentially toxic. The mechanisms that allow cells to use iron safely are not clear; defects in iron management are a causative factor in the cell-death pathway known as ferroptosis. Poly rC binding protein 1 (PCBP1) is a multifunctional protein that serves as a cytosolic iron chaperone, binding and transferring iron to recipient proteins in mammalian cells. Although PCBP1 distributes iron in cells, its role in managing iron in mammalian tissues remains open for study. The liver is highly specialized for iron uptake, utilization, storage, and secretion. Approach and results Mice lacking PCBP1 in hepatocytes exhibited defects in liver iron homeostasis with low levels of liver iron, reduced activity of iron enzymes, and misregulation of the cell-autonomous iron regulatory system. These mice spontaneously developed liver disease with hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and degeneration. Transcriptome analysis indicated activation of lipid biosynthetic and oxidative-stress response pathways, including the antiferroptotic mediator, glutathione peroxidase type 4. Although PCBP1-deleted livers were iron deficient, dietary iron supplementation did not prevent steatosis; instead, dietary iron restriction and antioxidant therapy with vitamin E prevented liver disease. PCBP1-deleted hepatocytes exhibited increased labile iron and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), were hypersensitive to iron and pro-oxidants, and accumulated oxidatively damaged lipids because of the reactivity of unchaperoned iron. Conclusions Unchaperoned iron in PCBP1-deleted mouse hepatocytes leads to production of ROS, resulting in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and steatosis in the absence of iron overload. The iron chaperone activity of PCBP1 is therefore critical for limiting the toxicity of cytosolic iron and may be a key factor in preventing the LPO that triggers the ferroptotic cell-death pathway.
Scintillators and detectors for MeV x-ray and neutron imaging

High energy X-rays and neutrons can provide 3-D volumetric views of large objects made of multiple materials. Lenscoupled computed tomography using a scintillator imaged on a CCD camera obtains high spatial resolution, while a surface-mounted segmented scintillator on an amorphous silicon (A-Si) array can provide high throughput. For MeV Xray CT, a new polycrystalline transparent ceramic scintillator referred to as “GLO” offers excellent stopping power and light yield for improved contrast in sizes up to a 12” field-of-view. For MeV neutron CT, we have fabricated both contiguous and segmented plates of “Hi-LY” plastic scintillator, offering light yields 3x higher than standard plastic.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Lower Extremity Deformity

Purpose: Detection of congenital lower limb deformities often occurs at the time of routine prenatal ultrasound. Counseling referred patients on the basis of these abnormal ultrasound findings presents a challenge for orthopedic surgeons, given limited reports on the accuracy of ultrasound findings in these conditions. In this study, we aimed to determine the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in the diagnosis of lower extremity congenital disorders. Additionally, …
So, Whose Theory of the Novel Is It, and Is It Important Anyway? Prologue I

Untheories Of The Novel Literary Essays From Diderot To Markson takes a closer look at the diversity of fiction writing from Diderot to David Markson and by so doing calls into question the notion of a singular “theory of fiction,” especially in relation to the novel. Unlike Forster’s approach to “Aspects of the Novel,” which implied there is only one kind of novel to which there may be an aspect, the text deconstructs how one approach to studying something as protean as the novel cannot be accomplished, hence the notion of an “untheory” of the novel that brings to the fore the undeniable creative expansiveness of the novel. To that end, the text uses Diderot’s This Is Not A Story (1772) and David Markson’s This Is Not A Novel (2016) as a frame and between them are essays on De Maistre’s Voyage Around My Room, Machado de Assis’s Posthumous Memoirs Of Bras Cubas, Andre Breton’s Nadja, and Elizabeth Smart’s Grand Central Station I Sat Down And Wept.
Effects of Age, Gender, Health Status, and Political Party on COVID-19-Related Concerns and Prevention Behaviors: Results of a Large, Longitudinal Cross-sectional Survey.

Background: With conflicting information about COVID-19, the general public may be uncertain about how to proceed in terms of precautionary behavior and decisions about whether to return to activity. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with COVID-19–related concerns, precautionary behaviors, and willingness to return to activity. Methods: National survey data were obtained from the Democracy Fund + UCLA Nationscape Project, an ongoing cross-sectional weekly survey. The sample was provided by Lucid, a web-based market research platform. Three outcomes were evaluated: (1) COVID-19–related concerns, (2) precautionary behaviors, and (3) willingness to return to activity. Key independent variables included age, gender, race or ethnicity, education, household income, political party support, religion, news consumption, number of medication prescriptions, perceived COVID-19 status, and timing of peak COVID-19 infections by state. Results: The data included 125,508 responses from web-based surveys conducted over 20 consecutive weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic (comprising approximately 6250 adults per week), between March 19 and August 5, 2020, approved by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Institutional Review Board for analysis. A substantial number of participants were not willing to return to activity even after the restrictions were lifted. Weighted multivariate logistic regressions indicated the following groups had different outcomes (all P<.001): individuals aged ≥65 years (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.93-2.18; precautionary behaviors: OR 2.38, 95% CI 2.02-2.80; return to activity: OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.37-0.46 vs 18-40 years); men (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.70-0.75; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.81; return to activity: OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.88-2.12 vs women); taking ≥4 medications (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.40-1.54; precautionary behaviors: OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.555; return to activity: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.81 vs <3 medications); Republicans (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.38-0.42; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.40-0.50; return to activity: OR 2.22, 95% CI 2.09-2.36 vs Democrats); and adults who reported having COVID-19 (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.39; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.52-0.81; return to activity: OR 3.99, 95% CI 3.48-4.58 vs those who did not). Conclusions: Participants’ age, party affiliation, and perceived COVID-19 status were strongly associated with their COVID-19–related concerns, precautionary behaviors, and willingness to return to activity. Future studies need to develop and test targeted messaging approaches and consider political partisanship to encourage preventative behaviors and willingness to return to activities.
Suicidal Ideation and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Adolescents: The Role of Interoceptive Deficits.

Abstract Eating disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation are relatively common, and often begin to emerge in adolescence. Interoceptive deficits, or the inability to perceive and accurately identify the physiological condition of the body, is an established risk factor for both eating disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Despite this, longitudinal research examining the temporal dynamics between these variables is scarce, especially within adolescent samples. Using a three-wave longitudinal design, the present study tested bidirectional relationships between interoceptive deficits, eating disorder symptoms, and suicidal ideation to examine whether interoceptive deficits predicted eating disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation over the course of a year among a sample of adolescents. Participants were 436 community adolescents recruited from local middle- and high-schools. Data were collected at baseline, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. Study measures assessed current suicidal ideation, eating disorder symptom severity, and interoceptive deficits. Autoregressive cross-lagged modeling was conducted in MPlus. We found baseline eating disorder symptoms significantly predicted suicidal ideation at 6-month follow-up when controlling for baseline suicidal ideation. Baseline interoceptive deficits significantly predicted eating disorder symptoms 6-months later, while 6-month follow-up interoceptive deficits significantly predicted 12-month follow-up suicidal ideation. Our findings highlight the need for early and regular assessment of suicidal ideation and eating disorder symptoms in adolescents. Given that interoceptive deficits was a shared risk factor for both conditions within this sample, these results underscore the need for targeted interventions aimed at improving interoception.
ANATOMICAL AND VISUAL OUTCOME OF COMBINED PHACO-VITRECTOMY VS VITRECTOMY ALONE

Introduction Separation of Neurosensory retina from RPE(Retinal Pigment Epithelium) is described as retinal detachment. Recently Pars plana vitrectomy has emerged as a preferred surgical treatment for management of uncomplicated primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Various studies have evaluated the results of combined phaco-vitrectomy, the combined approach allows faster visual recovery and has cost effectivity for patient. The rationale of this study is to compare the anatomical and visual outcome of combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy vs vitrectomy alone Materials and methods This prospective randomized controlled trial was performed at Eye Unit II Mayo Hospital Lahore (tertiary care eye hospital in Lahore), Pakistan from August 2019 to February 2020. 36 patients full filling the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups 18 patients each. Group A was of combined Phaco-vitrectomy and Group B was of vitrectomy only. The Mann-whitney test as test of significance was applied and P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results BCVA done Pre-operatively for Group A and B, P-value was > 0.05 which was insignificant. Best corrected visual acuity at first week post operatively was significantly lower in patients in which we used gasses as internal tamponade as compared those in which we used silicon oil as tamponade. The BCVA at 1 month showed improvements in both groups, however the BCVA in group B was significantly lower than group A, P-value being < 0.05. The BCVA at 3 month showed improvements in both groups, however the BCVA in group B was significantly lower than group A, P-value being < 0.05. Anatomical Outcome was seen as weather retina was attached or detached. In Group A detachment was present in all follow-ups in 2/18 patients while in Group B detachment was present in all follow-ups in 3/18 patients. The P-value was >0.05 and thus the difference between two groups was insignificant. Conclusion visual acuity did not differ among the two groups preoperatively and on first follow-up at 1 week. The P value being >0.05 in both. However there was significant difference between the two group at 1 month and 3 months follow up, P value being < 0.05 in each. The visual acuity was significantly better in Group A i.e combined phaco- vitrectomy. For anatomical outcome no difference was seen between the groups. The P value was > 0.05. So the visual outcome of group A was significantly better than group B while the anatomical outcome was the same. Keywords Phacoemulsification, Three ports pars plana vitrectomy, best corrected visual acuity, retinal detachment.
What Is Habitus

The history of anthropology has made a tradition of studying the body. Among those early scholars who gifted us with fundamental ideas was Marcel Mauss. In the 1920s, Mauss’s students at the University of Paris acted as sounding board for his thoughts on body techniques. He formalized his lecture notes for a 1934 presidential address to the Societe de Psychologie. His abbreviated statements about habitus inspired Pierre Bourdieu’s compelling treatment of the concept. Bourdieu went on to develop hexis, or embodied habitus. That practices and beliefs, structures and dispositions, leave imprints on bodies is an ingress for bioarchaeology. Here, citing modern and ancient examples and with an awareness of the potential pitfalls, I sketch out the beginnings of a bioarchaeology of body habits.
Agroecology now! Transformations towards more just and sustainable food systems: by Colin Ray Anderson, Janneke Bruil, M. Jahi Chappell, Csilla Kiss, Michel Patrick Pimbert, Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, 199 pp., $37.99, Open Source Publication. ISBN: 978-3-030-61314-3, (ebook), ISBN: 978-3-030-61314-3

Our world is facing multiple interconnected crises ranging from climate change to loss of biodiversity, poor human health, hunger, poverty and inequality, among others. Our industrial global food s...
Update on social media and otolaryngology: Pertinent positives and definite downsides

Professional society guidelines are useful as a starting point as well. 9-12 It should be pointed out that the otolaryngology leadership has not yet released any such guidelines. In an age when misinformation is spreading faster than ever, highlighted especially during the COVID 19 pandemic, it can be argued that countering falsehoods is a professional responsibility. 13 Happily, it has been shown that social media really can combat misinformation. 14-18 A best practice exemplified by many successful social media professionals is to cite primary sources for your content. Much of the established body of research looks at the spread of medical misinformation on social media and whether social media can be used to change patient perceptions, knowledge, or behavior. 19,20 A recent review examined the use of social media as a medical education tool for providers. 21 They review the rise of “knowledge translation” in social media friendly formats like infographics or visual abstracts. 22 Dr. Michael Johns (@laryngologist) and Dr. Jennifer Villwock (@jenvillwockmd), my co-panelists, have previously published about and encouraged the use of visual abstracts within the otolaryngology community. 22,23 This is one of very few articles within otolaryngology related to social media. Most examine the rise of social media by quantifying the number of accounts and content that exist in our field. 1,24-31 These publications typically review current uses of otolaryngology in our specialty and a majority
Regulatory Perspectives on Chemical Compounds Used as Animal Drugs or Feed Additives

New animal drugs and feed additives are approved in the United States on the basis of a safety evaluation as well as efficacy studies for drugs. This approach is not unique to our country, since similar approaches are being employed or considered by a number of EC countries as indicated by Somogyi (1978). Our evaluation process must take into consideration all residues of toxicological concern. Unless justified on a toxicological basis that certain residues will have virtually no toxicity, all metabolites and degradation products must be considered when evaluating drug residues in meat. Drug residues have the following definition: Drug Residue. Any quantity of the parent drug found in or on food and any substance formed in or on food because of the use of the drug.
Hypothalamus and the Hypothalamohypophysial System

The hypothalamus is a primary regulator of autonomic and endocrine functions. Indeed, Sir Charles Sherrington, the eminent English neurophysiologist, called the hypothalamus “the head ganglion of the autonomic nervous system.”
Some Aspects of Regeneration in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

Although there are superficial similarities between skeletal and cardiac muscle, the differences between their regenerative response to injury appear to outweigh the similarities. The regeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle is compared with respect to cellular origins’ vascular and neural relations, morphogenesis and aging influences.
Modeling Green Fabs – A Queuing Theory Approach for Evaluating Energy Performance

More than 30% of the total energy consumed in the U.S. is attributed to industrial sector which motivated improvements in energy efficiency of manufacturing processes and entire factories. Semiconductor fabrication (fab) represents an interesting challenge for energy efficiency because of their relatively high energy consumption to process a unit mass of material. The focus of this paper is to develop an energy-aware analytical model based on queuing theory that has re-entrant network structure commonly found in fabs to analyze the impact of reducing idle power consumption in individual equipment. The proposed analytical model based on BCMP network for re-entrant lines has the same mathematical form as serial lines and is tested for using detailed simulation of a generic CMOS fab with three processing steps. Results show that the energy consumption predicted by the analytical model differs from simulation typically within 10% and worst case of 14%, in the tested cases.
Nephron-specific disruption of Cullin3 causes salt-sensitive hypotension (1136.7)

Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension (FHHt) is caused by mutations in genes that regulate activity of the renal sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC), including the kinases WNK1 and WNK4, and Cullin3 (Cul3) and KLHL3, members of a ring ubiquitin ligase complex. To examine the physiological roles of Cul3 and how mutations in it cause FHHt, we generated Cul3-/- mice. An inducible system that disrupts Cul3 specifically along the entire nephron was used since complete Cul3 disruption is embryonic lethal. Western blots showed nearly complete absence of Cul3 in Cul3-/- kidneys. Cul3-/- mice displayed volume contraction, hypochloremia and alkalosis, and elevated plasma aldosterone. Blood pressure, measured by radiotelemetry, was similar in both groups on normal NaCl diet, but during NaCl restriction, Cul3-/- mice displayed a progressive reduction in blood pressure. After 9 days, the 24h mean blood pressure pressure was 18 mmHg lower in Cul3-/- mice. Expression of total and phospho-NCC were slightly elevated in Cul3-...
Saving two in a billion:: quantifying the trade effect of European food safety standards on African exports

Abstract A growing concern over health risks associated with food products has prompted close examination of sanitary and phytosanitary standards in industrialized countries. This paper quantifies the impact of a new harmonized aflatoxin standard set by the EU on food exports from Africa. We employ a gravity model to estimate the impact of changes in differing levels of protection based on the EU standard, in contrast to those suggested by international standards. The analysis is based on trade and regulatory survey data for 15 European countries and nine African countries between 1989 and 1998. Our results suggest that the implementation of the new aflatoxin standard in the EU will have a negative impact on African exports of cereals, dried fruits and nuts to Europe. The new EU standard, which would reduce health risk by approximately 1.4 deaths per billion a year, will decrease these African exports by 64% or US$ 670 million, in contrast to regulation set through an international standard.
Optimized Ceramic Processing for Commercial Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Using the screen-printing technology and a pilot-scale plant, cathode and anode thick films were deposited on YSZ substrates. LaSrMnO 3 was chosen as a cathode material and a mixture of NiO and CeGdO 2 was taken for the anode. The electroding process required adequate powder processing to prepare slurries compatible with the process. Deagglomeration and viscosity adjustment steps were carefully studied with particle size distribution analysis and viscosity measurements.
Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassay with β-d-Galactosidase—Fab Conjugate for Detection of Type A Influenza Virus Antigen in Clinical Specimens

The most sensitive method for diagnosis of type A influenza virus infection is isolation of the agent in cell culture. However, detection and identification may require several days to complete. This delay in diagnosis prevents effective use of the antiviral agents available for treatment of type A influenza infection. As a rapid diagnostic method, enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is attaining increased usage for direct detection of viral antigen in clinical specimens. Standard EIA techniques, however, are usually not sensitive enough for reliable detection of viral antigen in respiratory secretions. We developed a conjugate consisting of the antigen-binding fragment of goat antirabbit immunoglobulin G coupled to β-d-galactosidase, using the heterobifunctional reagent N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate. Other immunoreagents in our EIA consisted of guinea pig and rabbit antisera to influenza A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1) for microtiter plate coating and primary antiserum, respectively. The sensitivity of this EIA was tested with 60 clinical specimens containing influenza A/England/333/80 (H1N1) which closely resembles A/Brazil. Of 31 initial specimens, collected within 24 h of the onset of symptoms, 27 (87%) were positive, using a fluorgenic substrate, and 18 of 29 (62%) specimens obtained 12 to 60 h after the initial specimens were positive, for a total of 75% (45 of 60). All positive reactions were specific, as shown in a confirmatory test with preimmune and hyperimmune guinea pig globulins. Clinical specimens negative for virus (n = 33) or containing heterologous respiratory viruses (n = 26) were negative in this system. These results indicate that EIA systems can be developed with a sensitivity approaching that required for clinical usefulness.
Effect of CD28 signal transduction on c-Rel in human peripheral blood T cells.

Abstract Optimal T-cell activation requires both an antigen-specific signal delivered through the T-cell receptor and a costimulatory signal which can be delivered through the CD28 molecule. CD28 costimulation induces the expression of multiple lymphokines, including interleukin 2 (IL-2). Because the c-Rel transcription factor bound to and activated the CD28 response element within the IL-2 promoter, we focused our study on the mechanism of CD28-mediated regulation of c-Rel in human peripheral blood T cells. We showed that CD28 costimulation accelerated the kinetics of nuclear translocation of c-Rel (and its phosphorylated form), p50 (NFKB1), and p65 (RelA). The enhanced nuclear translocation of c-Rel correlated with the stimulation of Il-2 production and T-cell proliferation by several distinct anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies. This is explained at least in part by the long-term downregulation of I kappa B alpha following CD28 signalling as opposed to phorbol myristate acetate alone. Furthermore, we showed that the c-Rel-containing CD28-responsive complex is enhanced by, but not specific to, CD28 costimulation. Our results indicate that c-Rel is one of the transcription factors targeted by CD28 signalling.
Singlet oxygen generation under NIR light and visible light excitations of photosensitizers on upconversion nanoparticle surface

In this study a one-pot synthesis of hydrophilic, amine-functionalized NaYF4(Yb,Er) upconversion nanoparticles is demonstrated. A photosensitizing molecule, chlorin e6, is deposited onto the nanoparticle surface to form a hybrid photosensitizer, which can generate singlet oxygen under both near-infrared and visible light excitations. Effects of beef tissue in the light path under both excitations are investigated and compared.
Current Practices in the Assessment of Personality and Behavior by School Psychologists.

This brief report presented an empirical analysis of current practices of personality and behavior assessment in the schools. Projective techniques, especially figure drawings and sentence completi...
Environmental enrichment: past, present and future

Intereat and activity in the field of environmental enrichment have blossomed over the last decade, and the sophistication and utility of the concepts underlying enrichment have grown correspondingly. Combined with the enthusiasm of animal keepers, this has resulted in demonstrable improvements to the welfare of zoo animals. The next step is for enrichment to be incorporated systematically into the husbandry programmes of all zoos and aquariums, and this is beginning to happen. Detailed systematic studies utilizing large sample sizes are needed to test and refine hypotheses in order to ensure that enrichment activities continue to be effective in the future.
Nitrite-induced iron deficiency in the neonatal rat

Neonatal rats from dams receiving 2 or 3 g NaNO2/liter in the drinking water through -gestation and lactation suffered severe microcytic anemia as well as growth retardation and high mortality. Lipemia, fatty liver damage, decreased erythropoiesis of spleen and bone marrow, and reduced plasma and tissue iron levels were noted in affected pups. These effects were all consistent with and characteristic of iron deficiency. Experiments presented here were designed to show that the maternally mediated toxicity of nitrite is actually an iron deficiency syndrome in the pups caused by inadequate iron transfer from dam to pup. It was found that administration of exogenous iron supplement to pups of treated mothers reversed the anemia and other effects of nitrite toxicity noted both in previous studies and in unsupplemented littermates. Mothers of affected pups were themselves anemic. Finally, we fully documented severe iron deficiency in pups of nitrite-treated mothers and showed that these mothers produced milk of reduced iron content. It appears then that nitrite-consuming dams have a reduced capacity to transfer iron to their pups. The nitrite-associated toxicities in the pups are actually a result of an iron deficiency.
Using Distance Technologies to Facilitate a Learning Collaborative to Implement Stagewise Treatment

Objective:This report describes experiences and outcomes of an online learning collaborative focused on implementation of stagewise treatment.Methods:Eleven participating programs convened online monthly for a year. Between meetings, program staff created an implementation plan and programs collected performance indicator data, including assessment of staff knowledge of integrated treatment for people with co-occurring disorders, whether a person’s current stage of treatment was documented in his or her chart, and whether the treatments were appropriate for the stage of treatment. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize performance indicators and feedback. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests examined changes in performance indicators over time.Results:Program staff generally demonstrated significant improvements in performance indicators over time and rated the distance learning collaborative favorably.Conclusions:Distance learning collaboratives can be structured to provide opportunities fo...
Mobility of soil water-soluble organic matter during rice cultivation

Differences in the content of easily and difficultly oxidizable water-soluble organic matter depending on fertilizer application are revealed by ANOVA under conditions of continuous rice cultivation. The mobility of water-soluble humus during the rice growth period is shown.
A new species of Acentrella Bengtsson (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Abstract Acentrella barbarae sp. n. is described from eggs, larvae, and imagines collected from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina and Tennessee, USA. Larvae were collected from cobble-pebble substrate in stream rapids. Life stages were associated by rearing. Eggs have longitudinal chorionic ridges with small, longitudinal furrows. Larvae are distinguished by having segment 3 of the labial palp apically rounded, abdominal terga with posteromedian projections, and tibiae and tarsi with relatively short setae on the outer margins. Imagines are distinguished by the colouration and posterior elevation of abdominal terga. Other Acentrella larvae occur in the same streams as the new species, including A. parvula, which we report from Tennessee for the first time. We provide an updated key to the larvae of North American Acentrella species.
Borderland stories about teaching college in prison

Part-time professors often feel marginal to the educational process of their schools, and this outsider status is exacerbated for those who teach college in prison.
Launch under attack

The strategy of launch under attack calls for launching nuclear weapons on warning that attacking weapons are on their way. The political pressures for adopting this strategy are symptomatic of an increasing instability in the nuclear balance. The author describes a Brookings Institute model, which indicates that the problems of decentralized control and precise timing could lead to failures in retargeting procedures. The major concern is that the strategy imposes powerful incentives for preemption as the most promising means of conducting nuclear war.
ADHD and Complex Trauma: A Descriptive Study of Hospitalized Children in an Urban Psychiatric Hospital

This paper embarks on a descriptive exploration of the relations between ADHD and Complex Trauma among children in an urban psychiatric hospital. To date, these two diagnostic categories have not been examined in concert. This study was based upon chart reviews of 79 children and adolescents who were receiving treatment at an urban children's psychiatric hospital. The Hospitalized Child and Adolescent Trauma and Psychopathology Questionnaire was completed for each participant and information regarding demographics, diagnosis, and complex trauma. Results showed ADHD children experience higher incidences of chronic stress, termed here as environmental trauma, and disruptions in attachment relationships referred to here as attachment trauma. We propose that experiences of chronic adverse situations during childhood, also referred to as complex trauma, cannot be extricated from ADHD symptomatology and is strongly correlated with behavior that is common among children who have deficits in psychological process...
The prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial of the national cancer institute

The two-year pilot phase of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) trial concluded September 29, 1994. The goals, organization, operation, and recruitment status of the trial are discussed. The PLCO trial is a 16-year randomized controlled screening trial involving 148,000 male and female participants. Screening for prostate cancer is by prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination. A coordinating center and 10 screening centers located across the United States, a laboratory for prostate specific antigen and CA125 assays, and a biore-pository are the primary components of the trial. Scientific direction is provided by National Cancer Institute scientific staff, a steering committee of study investigators, external expert consultants, and a data monitoring panel. Evaluation of the pilot phase is focused on recruitment; screening operations, including quality assurance ; compliance ; data management ; and blood processing. Pilot phase results are anticipated in 1995. Cancer 1995 ; 75 : 1869-73.
Behavioral variation in prey odor responses in northern pine snake neonates and adults

Squamate reptiles (snakes, lizards, amphisbaenians) rely heavily on chemosensory cues to identify, locate and choose between suitable prey items, but comparatively little research has focused on the chemical ecology of threatened squamate species. Such knowledge highlights ecologically important aspects of their survival. Due to gape limitations, squamates often demonstrate ontogenetic shifts in their diet where they consume larger prey as they grow older and their gape size increases. This shift enables squamates—especially snakes—to exploit new resources in their environments, usually mammalian prey. To test for ontogenetic variation in prey odor responses of a threatened snake species, the Northern pine snake (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus), we presented food-naive neonates and food-experienced adults with potential prey and non-prey animal scents and quantified their behavioral responses. Our data indicate a strong response to rodent scents from both neonates and adults. Further, neonates showed more frequent investigative probing and retreating behaviors from scented swabs and a higher rate of tongue-flicking than adults. We also developed a new metric for measuring snake responses to prey odor, a tongue-flick reaction score (TFRS), that incorporates investigative behaviors that may be unique to constrictor-type snakes. The TFRS did not differ between age classes and was highest when rodent odors were tested. A canonical discriminant analysis confirmed the relationship between TFRS behavioral components and tested chemical signal reactions. Based on our data, P. melanoleucus may fall into a category of snakes that exhibit an ontogenetic telescope rather than a general ontogenetic shift in their prey odor responses.
Toward a taxonomy of multi-agent systems

Abstract As intelligent systems become more pervasive and capture more expert and organizational knowledge, the expectation that they be integrated into larger problem-solving systems is heightened. To capitalize on these investments and more fully exploit their potential as knowledge repositories, general principles for their integration must be developed. Although simulated and prototype systems described in the literature provide solutions to some practical problems, most are empirical (or often simply intuitive) in design, emerging from implementation strategy instead of general principles. As a step toward the development of such principles, this paper presents a taxonomy for multi-agent systems that defines alternative architectures based on fundamental distributed, intelligent system characteristics.
Women One Year Following Gender-Specific Treatment for Alcohol and/or other Drug Dependency

This article reports on a study that followed up on a group of women who attended gender-specific treatment for alcohol or other drug dependency at one-year posttreatment. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was used to measure change from entry into treatment to follow-up at one year. In addition, satisfaction with treatment and satisfaction with life were measured at the follow-up.
Abstract A50: Targeting 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 and mammalian target of rapamycin synergistically inhibits cell proliferation of breast cancer cells

Aberration of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10), and PIK3CA (encodes the p110 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K]) frequently contribute to tumor progression through their ability to regulate the intracellular level of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5- triphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 subsequently recruits 3-phosphoinositide- dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), a serine/threonine kinase, to the plasma membrane and initiates PDK-1 kinase activity to phosphorylate AKT within the activation loop of the catalytic domain at the residue threonine-308 (T308). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a critical role in the PI3K/AKT pathway. The mTOR kinase is present as two protein complexes, TORC1 and TORC2. The TORC1 complex is activated by PI3K/AKT and phosphorylates p70S6K and 4E-BP1 to modulate protein translation whereas the TORC2 complex phosphorylates AKT in the regulatory domain at residue serine 473 (S473). Phosphorylation of AKT at both T308 and S473 fully activates AKT function through downstream signaling to mediate cell proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis and other pathways which are critical for tumor progression. We have developed a potent and selective PDK1 inhibitor (PF-05177624) that is sufficient to inhibit the phosphorylation of AKT atT308 and block cell proliferation of cancer cells in vitro. In this study, we combined this PDK1 inhibitor (PF-05177624) and a selective mTOR kinase inhibitor (WYE-354) to perform the combination studies in breast cancer cell lines. Our data demonstrate that targeting both PDK1 and mTOR simultaneously produces a synergistic inhibitory effect in AKT phosphorylation. Moreover, this results in a synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that a combination strategy of targeting both PDK-1 and mTOR may have potential improved clinical efficacy in the development of cancer drugs for breast cancer patients. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):A50.
Calcitonin: A general survey

Since the initial discovery of calcitonin, a considerable amount of information has been obtained concerning structure, function, secretion, and effects of the hormone from a number of species. The purpose of the present report is to review the studies of structure and function, the factors that influence secretion and synthesis, and the effects and mechanism of action of calcitonin. The clinical uses of the hormone and syndromes of calcitonin excess are discu,sed.
Abnormal neuronal migration, deranged cerebral cortical organization, and diffuse white matter astrocytosis of human fetal brain: a major effect of methylmercury poisoning in utero.

Detailed clinical and neuropathological studies have been made in two fullterm newborn human infants who were exposed to methylmercury in utero as a result of maternal ingestion of methylmercury-contaminated bread in early phases of pregnancy. High levels of mercury were detected in various regions of the brain at autopsy. Study of the brains revealed a disturbance in the development in both cases, consisting essentially of an incomplete or abnormal migration of neurons to the cerebellar and cerebral cortices, and deranged cortical organization of the cerebrum. There were numerous heterotopic neurons, both isolated and in groups, in the white matter of cerebrum and cerebellum and the laminar cortical pattern of the cerebrum was disturbed in many regions as was shown by the irregular groupings and the deranged alignment of cortical neurons. Prominent in the white matter of the cerebrum and the cerebellum was diffuse gemistocytic astrocytosis accompanied by an accumulation of mercury grains in their cytoplasm. These findings indicate a high degree of vulnerability of human fetal brain to maternal intoxication by methylmercury. A major effect appears to be related to faulty development and not to destructive focal neuronal damage as has been observed in mercury intoxication in adults and children exposed postnatally.
Rapid serial analysis of multiple oligonucleotide samples on a microchip using optically-gated injection.

Optically-gated injection of fluorescently-labeled DNA has been accomplished for the first time. Rapid, serial analysis of oligonucleotide ladders has been shown on a microchip using this injection technique. Separations of five- and six-component samples have been completed in 60 s or less with a capability to carry out serial injections of these samples every 15 s. The technique has been shown to have better than five base resolution for small oligonucleotides and excellent reproducibility in migration times (≤0.75% RSD). Currently, the limit of detection for the system is 0.23 μM. Additionally, multiple unique samples of DNA have been consecutively analyzed in a single separation lane using optical gating. Six consecutive injections of three different samples have been achieved with no sample carryover and a total analysis time of ∼10 min. These results show the potential of optical gating as an alternative injection technique for high-throughput DNA applications, such as genotyping and monitoring dynamic processes.
Sheet coating by drawdown of extruded polymer

An approximate analytic solution for coating a highly viscous Newtonian fluid ontoa substrate is developed (low Poiseuille number and high capillary number). Two particular extrusion angles are considered: parallel and perpendicular to the moving substrate. We obtain expressions for the curtain shape, coating thickness, contact length, contact pressure, drawing force, apparent contact angle, and contact convexity. In this paper, we identify a process indeterminacy that arises in the curtain coating employing a parallel slit. Weshow that, by orienting the extrusion slit perpendicular to the moving substrate, this indeterminacy vanishes. Thus, a unique solution for the contact length is always obtained. The extension to a viscoelastic fluid is also briefly considered.
The toxic proteins of cobra venom

Abstract Carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography permits separation of five distinct toxic proteins from the venom of the Indian cobra ( Naja naja ). These account for 90 per cent of the toxicity against mice. After gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 columns, three of the toxic fractions are more potent than the crude venom by factors of 6–9. They differ from one another in their sensitivities to heat and trypsin inactivation. Phospholipase does not appear to contribute significantly to the lethal effect. The two most abundant fractions, cobramines A and B, are less toxic than the crude venom and account for its cardiotoxic activity.
Enhancement of Contractility With Sustained Afterload in the Intact Murine Heart Blunting of Length-Dependent Activation

Background— It has been hypothesized that because of its rapid heart rate, the intact murine heart functions near maximal contractility in the basal state. If this hypothesis is correct, then the fast and slow components of myocardial length-dependent activation should be blunted compared with larger mammals. Methods and Results— Mice (n=24) were anesthetized, and via an open chest, LV pressure-volume relationships were determined by a dual-frequency conductance catheter system. Baseline pressure-volume relationships were determined during transient occlusion of the inferior vena cava, and repeat measurements were made after 1 (n=10) and 7 (n=21) minutes of sustained aortic occlusion. Control experiments were performed in a subset of mice (n=3). For baseline to 1 minute, an increase in afterload (maximal pressure 95±9 to 126±7 mm Hg; P<0.001) and effective arterial elastance (5.9±3.1 to 9.2±3.9 mm Hg/μl; P<0.001) resulted in an increase in end-diastolic volume (31±8 to 35±9 μL; P<0.001). The result was ma...
Oxygen activity dependence of the defect structure of La-doped BaTiO3

A model for the behaviour of donor-doped BaTiO3 as a function of oxygen activity is proposed. Thermogravimetric measurements show good agreement with the proposed model. The results show that donor-doped BaTiO3 is stoichiometric with electronic compensation of the donor at low oxygen activity, but with increasing oxygen activity, compensation becomes ionic as excess oxygen is absorbed. The possible compensation mechanisms are discussed.
Commercializing elocution: ‘Parlor Books’ for home entertainments

Between 1890 and 1910, a large number of elaborately bound, profusely illustrated “parlor books” on elocution were published in America. These collections of “gems” for recitation, accompanied by brief summaries of Delsarte and Physical Culture, brought elocutionary instruction into the home. This essay identifies the parlor book genre and examines its commercialization of the art of oral interpretation. Examination of the books extends the scope of oral interpretation history beyond the mainstream of development to encompass a non‐academic, somewhat distorting, yet popular influence.
Prospective study of the need for long-term antisecretory therapy in patients with Zollinger—Ellison syndrome following successful curative gastrinoma resection

SUMMARY A long-term cure is now possible in more than 30% of selected patients with Zollinger–Ellison syndrome who undergo gastrinoma resection. The need, however, for continued gastric acid antisecretory therapy in these patients remains controversial. The current study was designed to determine whether post-operative antisecretory therapy is needed in patients who have undergone successful gastrinoma resection and, if so, to attempt to define criteria with which to identify patients who require therapy. Twenty-eight consecutive patients who had previously undergone curative gastrinoma resection were prospectively studied. When antisecretory therapy was discontinued, 43% (12/28) of these patients developed gastro-oesophageal reflux, diarrhoea, acid–peptic symptoms or endoscopic evidence of acid-peptic disease within 2 weeks and were deemed to have failed a trial of antisecretory drug withdrawal. The remaining 57% (16/28) of patients who successfully discontinued antisecretory therapy were followed for a mean time of 31 months after withdrawal of therapy. Analysis of acid output studies pre-operatively, as well as at the time of drug withdrawal, demonstrated that patients who were unable to discontinue antisecretory therapy exhibited higher pre-operative maximal acid output values and higher basal acid output values at the time of attempted drug withdrawal than patients who were able to discontinue therapy. Despite these findings, there was significant overlap in acid output values between groups so that it was not possible to define specific acid output criteria for successful drug withdrawal. Pre-operative clinical characteristics, such as the presence or absence of gastro-esophageal reflux or acid-peptic disease, or post-operative laboratory values, such as the fasting serum gastrin level, did not correlate with the ability to discontinue antisecretory therapy. We conclude that following successful curative gastrinoma resection, 40% of patients still require antisecretory therapy and that both symptom evaluation as well as upper endoscopy should be used to guide attempted drug withdrawal. Although patients who are not able to discontinue therapy have significantly higher acid output measurements than those who are able to discontinue therapy, neither acid output criteria nor any other laboratory or clinical characteristics are able to predict the need for continued antisecretory therapy in these patients.
A queueing process with varying degree of service

This article describes and presents some results of the analysis of a queueing process where the degree of service given to a customer is subject to control by the management. The control doctrine used is based on the queue length and also on the recent history of the system.