cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creativity and Identity Formation in Adolescence: A Developmental Perspective

Interest in Creativity and the Self mainly stems from sociocognitive and differential perspectives focusing on creativity as an “outcome” of Self-related constructs (e.g., creative self-beliefs, creative self-efficacy). This chapter outlines a humanistic and developmental perspective supporting the reciprocal relationship, that is, how creativity can support the development of the Self in general, and the formation of identity in adolescence, in particular. Specifically, after presenting a developmental framework to understand the relationship between creativity and identity development in adolescence, this chapter highlights three main aspects of creativity that may contribute to the development of identity. Accordingly, creativity may (1) strengthen the thinking process involved in identity formation, (2) provide attributes for self-definition, leading to a positive self-esteem, and (3) give outlets for “adaptive” self-expression. Implications for applied perspective capitalizing on an adolescent’s creative potential to support a positive identity development are discussed.
Feminism of Uncertainty: A Gender Diary

Written in the form of a non-linear diary, Ann Snitow’s Feminism of Uncertainty: A Gender Diary is divided into five parts. Part I, “Continuing a Gender Diary,” carries over the conversation from t...
Explaining the New Class Cleavages: Geography, Post-Industrial Transformations and Everyday Culture

The election of Donald Trump has been a jarring shock to the American political system. In this paper, I argue that to fully explain the political cleavages driving his victory, and populist trends more broadly, political scientists need to better understand the interaction between material circumstances and cultural identity, rather than seeing them as separate. I begin with the observation that post-industrial transformations have produced a starkly divided economic geography in the US, with cities growing ever more vibrant and rural areas dramatically declining across a variety of important indicators. Although this transformation is widely acknowledged, left unexplored is the impact that this spatial differentiation between regions has on the cultural construction of political cleavages. I propose that the material reality of this pattern of economic activity has generated cultural class bubbles that underlie today’s political polarization. Drawing on the practice turn in political science, I offer an argument about culture as everyday lived experience. This argument helps better account for how economic change translates through culture and identity to become manifest in new political cleavages.
If We Build It, Will They Come? Fielding Dreams of College Access

This article describes the ISU 4U Promise, an innovative college access and affordability initiative. Through this early-commitment partnership program between Iowa State University and Des Moines Public Schools, youth from two urban elementary schools are eligible for tuition awards when they enroll as undergraduates at Iowa State University. Drawing on a review of promise programs in the educational scholarly literature, this article identifies what makes the ISU 4U Promise distinctive among promise efforts in terms of contextual antecedents, implementation processes, and potential institutional outcomes. Unique features include its early childhood focus; sole university sponsorship; “wide-net” reach; and collaborative, critical orientation to education and evaluation. With a bidirectional understanding of knowledge and a bivalent orientation to social justice, the ISU 4U Promise is a promising pathway for universities aspiring to update their approach to college access outreach.
Econazole-releasing porous space maintainers for fungal periprosthetic joint infection

While antibiotic-eluting polymethylmethacrylate space maintainers have shown efficacy in the treatment of bacterial periprosthetic joint infection and osteomyelitis, antifungal-eluting space maintainers are associated with greater limitations for treatment of fungal musculoskeletal infections including limited elution concentration and duration. In this study, we have designed a porous econazole-eluting space maintainer capable of greater inhibition of fungal growth than traditional solid space maintainers. The eluted econazole demonstrated bioactivity in a concentration-dependent manner against the most common species responsible for fungal periprosthetic joint infection as well as staphylococci. Lastly, these porous space maintainers retain compressive mechanical properties appropriate to maintain space before definitive repair of the joint or bony defect.
The relationship between body mass index, binge eating disorder and suicidality

While restrictive and compensatory eating disorders (e.g. anorexia and bulimia) are associated with elevated risk of suicide, less is known about binge eating disorder (BED). There is suggestive evidence of a U-shaped relationship between body mass index (BMI) and completed suicide, but fewer studies on suicidal ideation or attempts. This study examined the association between BED, BMI, and suicidality, and assessed whether these relationships varied by gender. Data come from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiologic Surveys (N = 14,497). Binge episodes and BED were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Inventory (CIDI). BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight. Suicidal ideation/attempts were assessed using the CIDI. Weighted logistic regression was used to assess the association between binging/BED, BMI and suicidality. Interaction terms were used to assess whether the relationship between BMI and suicidality was moderated by binging/BED, and whether the relationships between binging/BED and BMI differed by gender. One-third of adults with BED had a history of suicidality, compared to 19% of those without. Both binging (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.50–2.53) and BED (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.41–2.86) were associated with suicidality in fully-adjusted models. BMI was associated with suicidality in a curvilinear manner, and this relationship was exacerbated by binging/BED (ORBinge eating x BMI: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.09, p < 0.05). The relationship between BMI and suicidality did not differ by gender (ORgender x BMI: 1.00, p < 0.770). However, the relationship between binge eating and suicidality was stronger for women relative to men (ORgender X binge: 1.87, p < 0.012). Binge eating, even below the threshold for BED, is associated with suicidality. BMI is associated with suicidality in a curvilinear manner, and the BMI-suicidality relationship is potentiated by binge eating/BED. Findings support the thoughtful integration of psychiatric care into weight loss programs for adults with a history of binging behavior.
The Education of Secondary School Teachers in Environmental Studies

In the United States, and in many other countries, environmental education, ecology, conservation, and other related areas of study are not taught as discrete disciplines or subjects in the sense that chemistry, history, or algebra are taught at the high school level. Instead, environmental studies are components of broader courses like Introductory Biology or General Science. The content of environmental studies cuts across a number of more traditional disciplines, and very often a study of the environment is left for the less able students who cannot handle the abstract theories of the “hard sciences” and mathematics. This is the group that more and more needs to be motivated to remain in school. Because of the above concerns related to the teaching of environmental studies at the high school level, teachers must be prepared differently to handle this area of study. There are a number of special underlying principles that can help institutions develop quality and effective teacher education programs in environmental studies. Some of these principles are also applicable to teacher education programs in other areas for the high school level.
Health Information Management and Rehabilitation: Moving Toward an Adequate Ethical Framework for Telerehabilitation

With information and communications technology as its backbone, the electronic health information system has become an increasingly important component of telerehabilitation (TR) service delivery. The purpose of this chapter is to examine ethical responsibility for resolution of issues emerging within the intersection of the fields of rehabilitation and health information management (HIM). These issues involve areas of clinical competencies and user accessibility that might further inform the development of codes of ethics and other guidance for HIM and TR practice. Case studies anchor the narrative in actual problem-solving situations. Bioethics and practice documents are used to illustrate existing guidance. Conclusions and recommendations present interdisciplinary examples of research problems and best-practice initiatives, and also touch upon the ethical dilemma of the ethical vacuum when no human agent can be identified due to the complexity of the information environment.
Using Sampling Moiré to Extract Displacement Information from X-Ray Images of Molten Salt Batteries

Full-field axial deformation within molten-salt batteries was measured using x-ray imaging with a sampling moire technique. This method worked for in situ testing of the batteries because of the inherent grid pattern of the battery layers when imaged with x-rays. High-speed x-ray imaging acquired movies of the layer deformation during battery activation. Numerical validation of the technique, as implemented in this paper, was done using synthetic and numerically shifted images. Typical results of a battery are shown for one test. Ongoing work on validation and more test results are in progress.
Identifying risk factors for toxicity in patients (Pts) with hormone-receptor positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer treated with bevacizumab plus letrozole: A CALGB 40503 (Alliance) correlative study.

10047Background: In HR+ advanced breast cancer, a progression free survival benefit was reported with the addition of bevacizumab (B) to first-line letrozole (L). However, increased B-related toxic...
Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Balloon Sinuplasty.

ObjectiveAlthough balloon sinuplasty (BSP) is increasing in popularity, little is known about which patients are the ideal candidates. The objective of this study is to investigate factors that may...
Clinicopathologic characteristics of de novo nodular regenerative hyperplasia in pediatric liver transplant.

Liver NRH is seen in all patients age; however, more frequently in those over the age of 60 years and associated with multiple systemic diseases. In liver allograft recipients, the development of DnNRH has been linked with the use of azathioprine or vascular abnormalities. We present the clinicopathologic characteristics of 17 pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation and subsequently developed DnNRH. The patients were divided into early and late onset depending if DnNRH was diagnosed within or beyond 4 years after transplant. Eight patients (47%) presented as early onset, of which two had normal ultrasound at time of diagnosis. One patient (12.5%) with early onset lost the graft secondary to DnNRH. Nine patients (53%) presented as late onset, of which two (22%) had normal ultrasound at time of diagnosis. Two patients (25%) of the late onset lost their graft secondary to chronic rejection and DnNRH. Two patients (12%) died secondary to cytomegalovirus pneumonitis and pancolitis. Furthermore, both groups presented with symptoms differing from the adult population in prior studies and were not associated with the use of azathioprine or vascular abnormalities. Interestingly, episodes of acute cellular rejection were more common in the early-onset group compared to the late-onset group. In conclusion, DnNRH in the pediatric age group has a different clinical presentation, possibly reflecting a different pathogenesis compared to the adult population.
The role of a clinician amid the rise of mobile health technology

Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have demonstrated promise in improving outcomes by motivating patients to adopt and maintain healthy lifestyle changes as well as improve adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy. Early results combining behavioral economic strategies with mHealth delivery have demonstrated mixed results. In reviewing these studies, we propose that the success of a mHealth intervention links more strongly with how well it connects patients back to routine clinical care, rather than its behavior modification technique in isolation. This underscores the critical role of clinician-patient partnerships in the design and delivery of such interventions, while also raising important questions regarding long-term sustainability and scalability. Further exploration of our hypothesis may increase opportunities for multidisciplinary clinical teams to connect with and engage patients using mHealth technologies in unprecedented ways.
Low-Dimensional Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Underlie Cortex-Wide Neural Activity

Cognition arises from the dynamic flow of neural activity through the brain. To capture these dynamics, we used mesoscale calcium imaging to record neural activity across the dorsal cortex of awake mice. We found that the large majority of variance in cortex-wide activity (~75%) could be explained by a limited set of ~14 9motifs9 of neural activity. Each motif captured a unique spatio-temporal pattern of neural activity across the cortex. These motifs generalized across animals and were seen in multiple behavioral environments. Motif expression differed across behavioral states and specific motifs were engaged by sensory processing, suggesting the motifs reflect core cortical computations. Together, our results show that cortex-wide neural activity is highly dynamic, but that these dynamics are restricted to a low-dimensional set of motifs, potentially to allow for efficient control of behavior.
An Examination of Elderly Female Consumers' Body Shapes, Activewear Preferences and Exercise Behavior

Activewear that is currently available on the market may not be appealing to elderly consumers,particularly female consumers, and may discourage them from exercising.Understanding that clothing is directly related to one’s daily lifestyle, it is important to reveal how certain factors affect their behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate body shapes, activewear preferences,and exercise behavior for elderly female consumers. This study employed a quantitative survey method. A questionnaire and images of activewear choices were developed. A total of 242 complete data were used for further descriptive data analyses. We found that most of the elderly female consumers perceived their body shape as apple shape. They predominantly preferred loose fitting short sleeved tops and long pants for activewear. It could be related to modesty as the participants indicated that they wore their activewear for other daily activities as well.
Impact of wood harvesting on mangrove forest structure, composition and biomass dynamics in India

Abstract Mangrove forest are used widely for meeting fuelwood needs of local communities in the tropics. However, the implications of fuelwood extraction on mangrove ecology has received very little attention. In this study, we investigated the impact of such small-scale fuelwood harvesting practices on mangrove forest structure, composition, regeneration, and biomass and carbon stocks in a protected area on the east coast of India. We sampled vegetation plots in areas where harvesting was practised and where no harvesting was observed. We found that species composition differed across forest categories with Exoecaria aggalocha and Heriteria fomes dominating non-harvested forest types and Sonneratia apetela, Sonneratia caseolaris, Avicennia officinalis along with mangrove associates comprising a large proportion of harvested mangrove forests. Similarly, tree, sapling and seedling densities, basal area, and biomass and carbon stocks were also found to vary across forest categories, with overall lower values observed in harvested areas. Lastly, total aboveground (11%) and belowground (18%) biomass and carbon stocks were also lower in harvested forests than non-harvested forests. However, large DBH size-class trees were found in harvested areas implying selective cutting practices that conserved old-growth trees and contributed to larger mean carbon pools. As harvesting is selective, mainly for cooking fuel demands, integrated management plans are required to accommodate local cultural and economic needs of the communities in this region.
Partitioning maternal and exogenous diet contributions to otolith 87Sr/86Sr in Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) recorded in the otoliths of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are commonly used to identify natal origin. For species that migrate at or soon after emergence, the em...
Failure of IVIG in steroid-responsive autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: A case report.

Abstract Objective To advocate for high-dose steroids, not intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), as first-line treatment for Anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) associated meningoencephalomyelitis. Background A novel IgG antibody against GFAP was associated with relapsing autoimmune meningoencephalomyelitis. Design/methods Here, we present an investigational case report to highlight continuing challenges in diagnosing and managing Anti-GFAP associated meningoencephalomyelitis. Results Our 45-year-old Asian female presented to the emergency department with an acute onset low-grade fever and back pain associated with headaches, intermittent confusion, vision changes, and hand tremors. A review of systems identified no inciting factors. Past medical history was significant only for chronic Hepatitis B without significant viral load. Neurological exam was significant for decreased visual acuity, high-frequency hand tremor, and gait imbalance. Serum labs were within normal limits. Video electroencephalogram captured tremors without electrographical correlates. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed lymphocytic leukocytosis, elevated protein, and reduced glucose. A wide range of infectious studies including bacterial, viral, and fungal cultures were negative. MRI brain and spine showed leptomeningeal enhancement. CT chest abdomen pelvis were negative. Patient continued to decline clinically, working diagnosis was possible paraneoplastic syndrome with pending laboratory results. She was given a five-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin as a therapeutic trial,hh however, her symptoms did not improve. A broader investigation with repeat lumbar puncture, imaging and serum laboratory failed to provide any additional information. She was treated symptomatically with minimal benefit. A trial of steroids was given with clinical improvement and continued stability. Paraneoplastic panels returned positive for high levels of Anti-GFAP antibody for confirmation of diagnosis. Conclusions Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy is a rare cause of meningoencephalomyelitis that remains difficult to diagnose despite emerging laboratory studies. Our case adds to the limited literature by proposing that high-dose steroids, not IVIG, should be the first-line treatment. Further investigations are underway to assess implications of this finding in disease pathophysiology and management.
Asymmetries in the effects of unemployment expectation shocks as monetary policy shifts with economic conditions

Abstract This paper empirically investigates the effects of expectation shocks on macroeconomic activities as monetary policy shifts with economic conditions. Prior work has focused on linear relationships between expectation shocks and economic conditions. Here, switching econometric models are used to investigate shifting policy linked to economic conditions. Motivated by the Federal Reserve Bank's attention to inflation rates and unemployment rates, several policy linkage structures are investigated; one linked to the inflation rate, two linked to unemployment rates and one using both the inflation rate and unemployment rate. Identifying an expectation shock by using the timing of information in the survey forecasts and the actual data releases, it is shown that the effects of expectation shocks on current and future macroeconomic activities are stronger under economic conditions in which the Federal Reserve Bank would be more hawkish about inflation.
Evaluation of coccygeal and radial artery Doppler blood pressure measurements in sick cats with and without abnormalities in tissue perfusion.

OBJECTIVE To compare systolic blood pressure measured by Doppler (SBP) taken from the coccygeal artery versus common digital branch of the radial artery in cats with normal and poor perfusion parameters. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. SETTING University Teaching Hospital. ANIMALS Eighty-five cats presenting to the emergency service for which prior emergency treatment was not received and a blood pressure was indicated on triage. INTERVENTIONS Systolic blood pressure was measured by Doppler using the radial and coccygeal arteries. Cats were categorized as having normal or poor tissue perfusion based on physical examination. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Agreement was poor between coccygeal and radial SBP overall with absolute and relative bias (95% limits of agreement) of 23 (-51 to 96) mm Hg and 16% (-38% to 69%), respectively. In cats with poor perfusion, the agreement was absolute bias = 28 mm Hg and relative bias = 22% and with normal perfusion absolute bias = 22 mm Hg, and relative bias = 12%. The median (interquartile range) coccygeal SBP was significantly different from the radial SBP 141 (50) mm Hg versus 120 (45) mm Hg, P < 0.001. In multivariate linear regression, heart rate was negatively associated with coccygeal SBP (r2 = 0.088, P = 0.049), and pale mucous membrane color (P = 0.034) and poor pulse quality (P = 0.007) were independently associated with lower radial SBP (r2 = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Median coccygeal SBP is significantly greater than radial SBP in sick cats with both normal perfusion and hypoperfusion. Agreement between coccygeal and radial SBP is poor in cats and cannot be used interchangeably. As clinically significant differences exist between sites, the authors recommend obtaining SBP from both sites initially and choosing to monitor and trend changes with the one site that correlates most with physical examination findings.
Bus Interface Chips

I/O Devices like Disk, Display, Communications and others are connected to a microprocessor via I/O adapters. It is possible to connect I/O adapters directly to the Processor bus, as shown in Figure 69. For example, the IBM Personal Computer or low end VAX systems have such a structure.
Correlation between cola consumption and bone mineral density among Puerto Ricans living in the greater Boston area (257.7)

Correlation between Cola Consumption and Bone Mineral Density among Puerto Ricans Living in the Greater Boston Area Aziza Jamal-Allial1, Katherine L. Tucker2 1 Health Sciences, Bouve College of Hea...
Solar Coronal Activity and Evolution of the Magnetic Field

ABSTRACT We discuss the role of the solar magnetic field in forming of stable activity structures during the current solar cycle 23. These structures are clustered in long-lived complexes of activity in the photosphere and are visible in the transition region and corona in an extreme ultraviolet irradiance as bright loops. We have represented the EUV data from SOHO/EIT in four wavelengths (171A, 195A, 284A and 304A) in the form of coronal synoptic maps for 1996–2000. The distributions of intensity of the coronal lines are related to magnetic activity and show non-uniform distributions as a function of Carrington longitude and latitude. In the axisymmetrical case we have detected two waves of coronal activity in both hemispheres. The first, equatorward wave, is connected with complexes of sunspot activity. The second, polarward wave, reflects the giant loops structures which connect regions of polar magnetic field with the following parts of complexes of solar activity, and, probably, plays important role in the topological evolution of the solar magnetic field.
Groundwater pollution source identification from limited monitoring well data: Part 1 — Theory and feasibility

Abstract This paper describes a numerical technique for identifying and locating a specific groundwater pollution source using data from a small number of monit After description of the technique, a hypothetical problem is solved illustrating the computational procedure. A continuation of the study will illustr
Novel agents that downregulate EGFR, HER2, and HER3 in parallel

EGFR, HER2, and HER3 contribute to the initiation and progression of human cancers, and are therapeutic targets for monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. An important source of resistance to these agents arises from functional redundancy among EGFR, HER2, and HER3. EGFR family members contain conserved extracellular structures that are stabilized by disulfide bonds. Compounds that disrupt extracellular disulfide bonds could inactivate EGFR, HER2, and HER3 in unison. Here we describe the identification of compounds that kill breast cancer cells that overexpress EGFR or HER2. Cell death parallels downregulation of EGFR, HER2, and HER3. These compounds disrupt disulfide bonds and are termed Disulfide Bond Disrupting Agents (DDAs). DDA RBF3 exhibits anticancer efficacy in vivo at 40 mg/kg without evidence of toxicity. DDAs may complement existing EGFR-, HER2-, and HER3-targeted agents that function through alternate mechanisms of action, and combination regimens with these existing drugs may overcome therapeutic resistance.
Children's explanations of the intentions underlying others' behaviour

This study investigated developmental differences in children’s explanations of the intentions underlying the behaviours of others, including behaviours that conflicted with their expectations. Children aged 6–13 and adults explained the intentions underlying their predictions of behaviour following stories with ambiguous, positive, and negative cues. Children were then presented with experimenter–provided conflicting behaviour and explained again. Results indicated that with no clear cues, children and adults had optimistic expectations. When cues were provided, participants across development provided explanations consistent with positive cues, but children under age 10 were reluctant to provide explanations consistent with negative cues, despite good recall. When explaining conflicting behaviour, people may hesitate to overlook suspicions of negative intent sometimes even in the face of good behaviour, and this reluctance may increase with age. Findings suggest we may all overcome an optimistic bias, but children under age 10 may struggle more to do so.
Road Network-Aware Anonymization in Mobile Systems with Reciprocity Support

Most existing solutions on location anonymization fail to address the issue of location privacy protection for mobile users traveling on road networks. In this paper, we present a road network-aware privacy model to handle the location privacy problem in mobile systems. We present third party supported anonymization which can be plugged into existing mobile systems without major modifications. As opposed to current road network specific solutions, our system has the following salient features. First, we argue that the graph density of a cloaked subgraph is an important location cloaking quality measure for road network-based location privacy protection. High graph density leads to high utility of the cloaked location with respect to spatial resolution. Second, we devise a suite of graph-based cloaking algorithms which guarantee reciprocity - an important location cloaking property that many existing approaches fail to support - under an enhanced privacy model. Further, we use controlled randomization in the cloaking process to provide higher privacy strength while maintaining the utility of the cloaked location. Last but not the least, our experimental evaluation shows the efficiency and robustness of the approach in terms of privacy, utility and performance of the model.
High speed array of oscillator-based truly binary random number generators

A technique to produce many high speed uncorrelated truly binary random number generators (RNGs) utilizing least area and power is proposed. The technique relies on the phase noise and jitter of voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) to generate RNGs using the oscillator sampling technique. To obtain true randomness, the frequency of oscillation of the VCOs is controlled by other RNGs in the array, increasing the jitter spread much more than conventional designs. Parallel high speed uncorrelated random sequences are tested at 1GHz in CMOS 0.18 /spl mu/m process.
Safe Harbors from Fair‐Cross‐Section Challenges? The Practical Limitations of Measuring Representation in the Jury Pool

The US Constitution guarantees criminal defendants the right to an impartial jury selected from a jury pool that reflects the demographic composition of the geographic community served by the court. Yet there is little consensus in case law from state and federal courts about the most appropriate method of measuring demographic representation or the degree of underrepresentation that would violate the Fair Cross Section requirement. Although the US Supreme Court recently addressed these issues for the first time since Duren v. Missouri, its opinion in Berghuis v. Smith did little to settle the questions. In the present paper, the authors use demographic information from the US Census Bureau and information about jury operations in state courts from the National Center for State Courts to estimate the potential impact of competing proposals about how to measure demographic representation at different threshold levels of constitutional tolerance. The authors find that a bright-line rule using either of the two most common measures of representation (absolute disparity and comparative disparity) given the demographic composition of counties in the US and the size of the jury pool in most courts would create “safe harbors” in which the courts in a majority of jurisdictions across the country would become effectively immune from fair cross section challenges.
Densities, Viscosities, and Refractive Indices for Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Acetone, Ethanol, and 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

Densities, viscosities, and refractive indices of the ternary system acetone + ethanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at T = 298.15 K and the binary systems acetone + ethanol, acetone + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and ethanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane were measured at T = (288.15, 298.15, and 308.15) K and atmospheric pressure over the whole composition range. Densities were determined using a vibrating-tube density meter. Viscosities were measured with an automatic Ubbelohde capillary viscometer. Refractive indices were measured using a digital Abbe-type refractometer. Excess molar volumes VE, deviations in the viscosity from the mole fraction average Δη, and deviations in the refractive index from the volume fraction average ΔnD for the mixtures were derived from experimental data. The binary and ternary data of VE, Δη, and ΔnD were correlated with liquid composition by using the Redlich−Kister and Cibulka equations.
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors modulate vagal cardiac responses in man

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (peak-valley P-P interval changes during controlled breathing) and carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflex responses (provoked by neck suction) were studied before and after low (0.725 microgram/kg) or high (0.043 mg/kg) dose atropine sulfate infusions in 22 healthy young adults. There was a highly significant (r = 0.78, P = 0.002) correlation between resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia and baroreflex responses. Low dose atropine increased the magnitude of sinus arrhythmia and baroreflex responses. Large dose atropine reduced sinus arrhythmia and baroreflex responses in an exponential fashion. Our results link respiratory sinus arrhythmia with baroreflex responsiveness and provide inferential evidence that vagal cardiac efferent activity is modulated by inhibitory cholinergic receptors. We speculate that blockade of these receptors by low doses of atropine amplifies vagal motoneuron responses to incoming baroreceptor information, and thereby increases average maximum and minimum levels of vagal cardiac outflow during breathing.
Anticipation in hereditary disease: the history of a biomedical concept

In the mid-nineteenth century, it was commonly believed that hereditary disease struck at the same time in succeeding generations, except for those cases in which it appeared at an earlier age. This exception to the rule was the precursor for the concept of anticipation in hereditary disease, a pattern of inheritance where a hereditary illness strikes earlier and often more severely in succeeding generations. Anticipation underwent cycles of acceptance and rejection over the course of the twentieth century and the ways in which this concept was received reveal complex interactions between science, medicine, and society.
Assessment of Paravalvular Regurgitation Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement is a known complication associated with poorer outcomes. This article discusses the current techniques for assessing the severity of PVR, including angiography, hemodynamics, MRI, and echocardiography. The strengths and pitfalls of each modality are reviewed.
Two independent amsacrine-resistant human myeloid leukemia cell lines share an identical point mutation in the 170 kDa form of human topoisomerase II.

Abstract Cloning and sequencing of cDNA segments of human TOP2 gene encoding the 170 kDa form of human DNA topoisomerase II show that Arg486 of the enzyme has been mutated to a lysine in the enzyme from two human leukemia cell lines HL-60/AMSA and KBM-3/AMSA, which were independently selected for resistance to the antitumor drug amsacrine (4′-[9-acridinylamino]-methanesulfon- m -anisidide, m AMSA). Sequence identity comparisons between eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase II and bacterial gyrase (bacterial DNA topoisomerase II) indicate that the position of the common mutation observed in m AMSA-resistant human TOP2 corresponds to that of the point mutation nal-31 in the Escherichia coli gyrase B gene, which confers resistance to nalidixic acid. Because m AMSA and nalidixic acid are known to act on their respective targets by a common mechanism of trapping the covalent enzyme-DNA intermediates, these results provide strong evidence that the 170 kDa form of human DNA topoisomerase II is a major cellular target of m AMSA, and that Arg486 of this enzyme is involved in m AMSA-mediated trapping of the covalent enzyme-DNA complex.
Stability of regime-switching stochastic differential equations

The main result is reduction of the asymptotic stability problem for a stochastic differential equation (SDE) with sufficiently rapid Markovian switching to the analogous wellstudied problem for the "averaged" SDE without switching. Applications to the switching stabilization problem and to ordinary differential equations (ODE) with switching are also considered.
Why not in your backyard? scientific data and nonrational decisions about risk

The siting of hazardous waste facilities constitutes a special case of the many “no win” environmental decisions we face. They share common features: (a) we must decide something; (b) the decision affects some people more than others; (c) as scientists we are not 100% confident of our research results; (d) elements of the decision remain unquantifiable; and (e) decisions combine both scientific and political elements. In this paper we attempt to illustrate and analyze several examples that combine all of these elements and to suggest methods which would lead toward a scientific valid and politically useful resolution. Using well-known examples such as the public's fear of death from nuclear power, snakebite, and smoking, we attempt to integrate public perception of risks into a decision-making model. Finally, the conclusions deal with the role of policy making, public perception, and science in resolving environmental controversies. We do not, however, solve this perplexing problem.
Postnatal development of cell columns and their associated dendritic bundles in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the rat. I. The ventrolateral cell column

Postnatal formation of the ventromedial dendrite bundle (MDB) in the rat lumboscral cord was examined quantitatively with Golgi-Cox impregnation. At birth, dendrites of motoneurons in the MDB had not achieved their total length, and had not begun to form bundles. Dendrites projected from the soma in a radially symmetric fashion. At 5 days, dendritic shafts reoriented into the longitudinal plane, and by 10 days of age dendrite bundling was apparent. Between day 1 and 60, primary, secondary and tertiary dendrites from motoneurons in the MDB increased both in number and in length, and the MDB became more compact and intertwined. Dendritic growth and bundling was complete by two months of age. The dendritic spatial arrangement of the MDB, as well as the LDB, may provide an important anatomical substrate for receiving appropriate developing axonal inputs. In turn, it is likely that specific incoming axonal inputs that arrive in this cell column early in development may signal the redirection of dendrites of ventromedial motoneurons into the longitudinal plane.
The association between family history of asthma and the prevalence of asthma among US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2004

Purpose: To assess the overall prevalence of asthma and the association between family history of asthma and the prevalence of asthma among US adults. Methods: We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2004 for 15,008 respondents aged 20 years or older with no history of emphysema. We divided respondents into three familial risk groups (high, moderate, and average) on the basis of the number and closeness of relatives, that they reported as having asthma and then assessed the asthma prevalence in each. We also assessed associations between asthma prevalence and age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, body mass index, smoking status, household smoking exposure, and physical activity. Results: By our definitions, 2.3% of respondents were at high, 13.0% at moderate, and 84.7% at average familial risk for asthma. The crude prevalence of self-reported lifetime asthma was 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.7–12.3%) among all respondents, and 37.6% (95% CI: 30.4–45.4%), 20.4% (95% CI: 18.2–22.7%), and 9.4% (95% CI: 8.7–10.2%) among those at high, moderate, and average familial risk, respectively. Among all risk factors we looked at, family history had the strongest association with lifetime asthma prevalence, and the association remained significant after adjustments for other risk factors. Compared with average familial risk, the adjusted odds ratios for lifetime asthma were 2.4 (95% CI: 2.0–2.8) for moderate and 4.8 (95% CI: 3.5–6.7) for high familial risk. Conclusion: Our findings showed that a family history of asthma is an important risk factor for asthma and that familial risk assessments can help identify people at highest risk for developing asthma. Additional research is needed to assess how health care professionals can use family history information in the early detection and management of asthma.
Familial Muscular Subaortic Stenosis

Two families with familial muscular subaortic stenosis have been studied. Hemodynamic data in 2 cases and the operative findings of 1 case are described. Autopsy findings of 3 cases have been presented. Clinical findings indicate at least 3 additional cases in 1 family and 5 in the other. The pedigrees of both families have been discussed. The incidence of this lesion in each family over 3 generations suggests that the defect is related to Mendelian dominant inheritance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cases of familial heart disease compatible with transmission by a Mendelian dominant gene. The importance of differential diagnosis of this disease from other types of aortic or subaortic stenosis prior to surgery has been stressed, since no operation has been devised for this lesion. The distinguishing clinical features include the apical and lower left sternal border location of the systolic murmur, the absence of poststenotic dilatation of the ascending aorta, the absence of calcification o...
Variability in Parameter Estimates and Model Fit across Repeated Allocations of Items to Parcels

Different random or purposive allocations of items to parcels within a single sample are thought not to alter structural parameter estimates as long as items are unidimensional and congeneric. If, additionally, numbers of items per parcel and parcels per factor are held fixed across allocations, different allocations of items to parcels within a single sample are thought not to meaningfully alter model fit-at least when items are normally distributed. We show analytically that, although these statements hold in the population, they do not necessarily hold in the sample. We show via a simulation that, even under these conservative conditions, the magnitude of within-sample item-to-parcel-allocation variability in structural parameter estimates and model fit can alter substantive conclusions when sampling error is high (e.g., low N, low item communalities, few items per few parcels). We supply a software tool that facilitates reporting and ameliorating the consequences of item-to-parcel-allocation variability. The tool's utility is demonstrated on an empirical example involving the Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness (NEO) Personality Inventory and the Computer Assisted Panel Study data set.
Reduced monoamine oxidase activity in platelets: a possible genetic marker for vulnerability to schizophrenia.

Monoamine oxidase activity in blood platelets was measured, with [ 14C ] tryptamine as substrate, in 13 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia and in 23 normal volunteers. The monoamine oxidase activity of both schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic co-twins was significantly lower than it was for the normals, and it was highly correlated between twins. In addition, there was a significant inverse correlation between a measure of the degree of the schizophrenic disorder and the monoamine oxidase activity. These data suggest, but do not prove, that reduced platelet monoamine oxidase activity may provide a genetic marker for vulnerability to schizophrenia.
Fighting terror with error: the counter-productive regulation of informal value transfers

This paper challenges the widely shared view that the United States and international frameworks regulating terrorist finance and money laundering (AML/CFT) is productive and effective. Through a careful look at the evidence regarding the formal and informal fund transfer systems, this paper shows that security, crime control and economic policy objectives are systematically frustrated by ill-conceived and misapplied rules. US federal and state regulations in particular illustrate how unrealistic, unaffordable and counter-productive are current arrangements. The paper concludes with some suggestions about how to reverse the ongoing fact-free policy making process.
Cardiotonic agents and the sodium transient

Abstract The authors discuss the possible link between membrane excitation and the calcium transient in cardiac muscle.
On the inhibition of lysyl oxidase by β-aminopropionitrile

Summary β-Aminopropionitrile binds to and inactivates lysyl oxidase, the enzyme carrying out the first step in the cross-linking of collagen and elastin.
Design of a microwave dielectric surrogate for soil using aqueous gelatin-syrup solutions

A microwave dielectric surrogate is designed from gelatin, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), NaCl and distilled water and can be made to look electrically similar to a variety of soils, loams and sands. The addition of HFCS simplifies the blending process by softening the sample while providing extensive dielectric range and increasing the shelf life appreciably. Measurements are made from 200 MHz-20 GHz for a wide variety of ingredient concentrations allowing a relative dielectric constant range of 8-35 to be realized across the band. Separate polynomial expressions at individual frequencies are given for the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the two groups.
Recurrent Neural Networks for Fault Diagnosis and Severity Assessment of a Screw Compressor

This paper describes a method to diagnose the most frequent faults of a a screw compressor and assess magnitude of these faults by tracking changes in compressor's dynamics. To determine the condition of the compressor, a feedforward neural network model is first employed to identify the dynamics of the compressor, A recurrent neural network is then used to classify the model into one of the three conditions including baseline, gate rotor wear and excessive friction. Finally, another recurrent neural network estimates the magnitude of a fault from the model. The method's ability to generalize was evaluated. Experimental validation of the method was also performed. The results show significant improvement over the previous method which used only feedforward neural networks.
High speed single transient microwave spectrum analyzer

Recent experiments have required the measurement of short pulse high bandwidth microwave spectra. To meet this need we built a GHz-bandwidth acousto-optic spectrum analyzer. The hardware includes a HeNe laser, collimating optics, Brag cell, steak camera, microchannel plate intensifier and film cassette. The frequency range measured was 350--2000 MHz with a dynamic range greater than 20 dB. Pulse widths from 10 ns were measured with this system. 4 figs.
Simulation of shape dynamics of a long flexible fiber in a turbulent flow in the hydroentanglement process

Abstract This paper presents the numerical investigation of dynamics of the shape of a long flexible fiber subjected to a turbulent flow field caused by impinging jets in the hydroentanglement process. The shape change of a long flexible fiber is simulated utilizing the rod–chain model following the method developed in Wang et al. [G. Wang, W. Yu, C. Zhou, Optimization of the rod chain model to simulate the motion of a long flexible fiber in simple shear flows, European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids 25 (2006) 337–347.]. The method is extended to simulate the fiber movement in a turbulent flow field; two-dimensional simulations are performed. The shape of the fiber is determined by forces and torques exerted on it by the surrounding fluid as well as by the neighboring fibers. Numerical results are obtained for two model representations of the same fiber which differ by the number of rods used to represent the fiber.
RNAi-Mediated PTB Depletion Leads to Enhanced Exon Definition

Mutually exclusive use of exons IIIb or IIIc in FGF-R2 transcripts requires the silencing of exon IIIb. This repression is mediated by silencer elements upstream and downstream of the exon. Both silencers bind the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) and PTB binding sites within these elements are required for efficient silencing of exon IIIb. Recruitment of MS2-PTB fusion proteins upstream or downstream of exon IIIb causes repression of this exon. Depletion of endogenous PTB using RNAi increases exon IIIb inclusion in transcripts derived from minigenes and from the endogenous FGF-R2 gene. These data demonstrate that PTB is a negative regulator of exon definition in vivo.