cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth of southern cattail (Typha domingensis pers.) Seedlings in response to fire-related soil transformations in the northern Florida Everglades

The interaction between plant growth and nutrient availability is an important aspect of vegetation dynamics in wetlands. In this study, seedlings of Typha domingensis were used to assay the nutrient availability of fire-disturbed Florida Everglades soils. Seedlings were planted in soils that had been naturally muck- (MB), surface- (SB), or non-burned (NB) and that showed significant differences in concentrations of inorganic: total phosphorus according to fire severity. After two months of growth, plant height, number of leaves, culm diameter, number of rhizomes, length of rhizomes, live leaf biomass, and above-and below-ground biomass were greatest in MB seedlings. In addition, root architecture and biomass allocation were influenced by soil type. Seedlings from NB and SB soils developed thinner roots with numerous root hairs and had higher percentages of below-ground biomass. In contrast, seedlings grown in muck-burned soils developed large rhizomes in addition to thicker, hairless roots while allocating proportionally more biomass to aboveground parts. Tissue nutrient analyses showed that both experimental and field-harvested plants grown in MB soils contained significantly more phosphorus than plants from SB or NB soils. Typha domingensis has displaced plant communities in areas of the Everglades that receive nutrient-enriched agricultural runoff. However, this study suggests that establishment and expansion of this species also may occur in overdrained regions of the Everglades where muck fires are a frequent occurrence. In addition to creating an opening in the landscape, muck fires increase the bioavailability of soil phosphorus, thus providing a competitive advantage for T. domingensis.
Using geographic information systems to support decision making in disaster response

Scientific modeling systems contain extraordinary amounts of data and produce mountains of output. These systems, often utilize Geographic Information Systems (GIS), offer almost limitless options for providing the user with informed knowl- edge. This article explores a new approach for emergency managers to harness the capability of scientific modeling systems when responding to disasters. In disaster response, emergency managers need sound situational awareness to support critical decision-making. Obtaining situation awareness is difficult because of the gap that exists between the information that emergency managers have and the information that emergency mangers need. However, comprehensive situational awareness is necessary to form accurate estimates of physical impacts and response requirements. GIS applications can be used to narrow the gap between known information and required information. This study developed a methodology for obtaining a common operating picture based on Hazus (Hazards U.S.), a GIS-based application that performs loss and risk assessments on multiple types of hazards. Hazus combines both scientific and engineering knowledge to model a disaster event. The keyf to this new method is using sub- ject matter experts to penetrate the complex and chaotic decision environment and establish a hierarchy of relevant information based on relative importance. This study focused on the response required to save lives and property in catastrophic earthquakes.
Predicting Pu Concentrations in Solutions Contacting Geologic Materials

Knowledge of Pu solid phases present in nuclear wastes is important for predicting the geochemical behavior of Pu. Thermodynamic data and experimental measurements using discrete Pu compounds, Pu-doped borosilicate glasses (simulating a high-level waste form), and Pu contaminated sediments suggest that PuO 2 (c) is very stable and is expected to be present in the repository. The solubility of the stable phase, such as PuO 2 (c), can be used to predict the maximum Pu concentration in solutions for long-term safety assessment of nuclear waste repositories.
Extraction and interpretation of γN→Δ form factors within a dynamical model

Within the dynamical model of Refs. [Phys. Rev. C 54, 2660 (1996); 63, 055201 (2001)], we perform an analysis of recent data of pion electroproduction reactions at energies near the $\ensuremath{\Delta}(1232)$ resonance. We discuss possible interpretations of the extracted bare and dressed $\ensuremath{\gamma}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Delta}$ form factors in terms of relativistic constituent quark models and lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations. Possible future developments are discussed.
The Analysis of Slip Propagation Across Grain Boundaries Using Tem, Anisotropic Elasticity, and Fem Techniques

The quantitative TEM characterization of lattice dislocation pile-ups at grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials can provide detailed information about the crystallography and mechanisms of slip transmission across a particular interface. This is used as input data in anisotropic elastic calculations of the local stress field and forces on both sides of the interface, and gives pile-up obstacle stresses varying from 280 to 870 MPa for different boundaries in the same type 304 stainless steel sample. These calculations have also led to an improved criterion for predicting slip systems activated across an interface; a double-ended pile-up interacting with two different boundaries is used as an illustration. In addition, dynamic in situ straining experiments in the HVEM reveal mechanisms for dislocation generation not predicted from static TEM studies. Finite element modeling (FEM) is also being used to predict the complete stress and strain state of specially oriented bicrystals.
Improved quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm and its application

In order to enhance the optimization efficiency of quantum particle swarm optimization coding based on the probability amplitude,an improved quantum particle swarm optimization is proposed.In the proposed algorithm,the mutation of particle position is performed by quantum Hadamard-gate,the exchange mutation of probability amplitude is improved into the rotation adjustment with better flexibility,and this avoids the loss of population diversity in search space.By studying the relationship among inertia factors,self-factors and global-factors,an adaptive determination method of the global-factors according to the current fitness is proposed.With application of function extremum optimization,the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the original one in both search capability and optimization efficiency.
Online low-rank + sparse structure learning for dynamic network tracking

Recent developments In Information technology have enabled us to collect and analyze high dimensional and higher order data such as tensors. High dimensional data usually lies in a lower dimensional subspace and identifying this low-dimensional structure is important in many signal and information processing applications. Traditional subspace estimation approaches have been limited to vector-type data and cannot effectively deal with these high order datasets. Moreover, most of the existing methods are batch algorithms which can't handle streaming data. In this paper, we propose a new tensor subspace tracking approach to identify changes in dynamic networks. The proposed approach recursively estimates low-rank subspace of higher order data and decomposes it into low-rank and sparse components. The proposed approach is evaluated on both simulated and real dynamic networks.
A portable dextrous master with force feedback

Dextrous masters control robots and artificial environments through hand gestures. Commercial products have open-loop control, without force feedback to the operator. There is a need for portable systems that have force feedback, but are still sufficiently compact to be desktop. In this paper we discuss a prototype master providing force feedback for the Dataglove. The master structure and its actuator characteristics are presented first. Then a control model is given based on finger parameters and joint coupling. The glove calibration is subsequently discussed, taking into account the influence of the feedback structure. The experimental setup and initial results are presented last.
Die partielle Ileumausschaltung zur Behandlung der Hypercholesterinämie

Die Framingham-Studie hat gezeigt, das zwischen der Hohe des Cholesterinspiegels im Blut und der Wahrscheinlichkeit, an arteriosklerotischen Gefasveranderungen zu erkranken direkt korreliert. Bei Werten um 100 mg liegt praktisch kein Infarktrisiko vor, im Gegensatz zu einer Erhohung uber 300 mg%.
Postdepositional chemical alteration of Ouachita shales

Shales belonging to the Carboniferous flysch exposed in the Ouachita Mountains of west-central Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma have undergone postdepositional alteration that has significantly affected their whole-rock chemistry. Alteration is particularly pronounced in the northeastern Ouachitas and along the Benton-Broken Bow uplift. Altered rocks have lost Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, and Si relative to the “conservative” elements Al, Ti, Zr, Cr, and Ni. Some evidence exists for slight loss of Al and Ti relative to Cr, Ni, and Zr. Pyrophyllite- and chloritoid-bearing samples are enriched in 18 O relative to less altered samples, and this enrichment is not due to changes in the δ 18 O of quartz. Mineralogical and textural evidence support a postdepositional alteration model rather than mixing of sediment from different sources, or sedimentary sorting, to account for the variations in whole-rock chemistry. Development of microscopic foliation-parallel zones enriched in phyllosilicates and in Ti and Al is related to slaty cleavage development and suggests that chemical alteration is coeval with deformation and very low grade metamorphism. Volume-loss calculations based on conservation of “immobile” elements, and on deformation of detrital mica grains, give minimum estimates of ≈30%–50% volume loss in the most altered shales. The postdepositional changes recorded in whole-rock chemistry of these shales may be unique to the Ouachita flysch, but suggest a need for greater caution in the uncritical use of shale chemistry in studies of crustal evolution and provenance.
Federal Trade Commission's Authority to Regulate Marketing to Children: Deceptive v. Unfair Rulemaking

Food and beverage marketing directed at children is of increasing concern to the public health and legal communities. The new administration at the Federal Trade Commission and abundant science on the topic make it a particularly opportune time for the government to reconsider regulating marketing directed at youth. This Article analyzes the Commission’s authority to regulate food and beverage marketing directed at children under its jurisdiction over unfair and deceptive acts and practices to determine which avenue is most viable. The author finds that the Federal Trade Commission has the authority to regulate deceptive marketing practices directed at vulnerable populations. Although the Commission can issue individual orders, its remedial power to initiate rules would better address the pervasiveness of modern marketing practices. The Commission does not currently have the power to regulate unfair marketing to children; however, even if Congress reinstated this authority, the Commission’s authority over deceptive marketing may be preferable to regulate these practices. Deceptive communications are not protected by the First Amendment and the deceptive standard matches the science associated with marketing to children. The Federal Trade Commission has the authority to initiate rulemaking in the realm of food and beverage marketing to children as deceptive communications in interstate commerce, in violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act. However, to effectuate this process, Congress would need to grant the Commission the authority to do so under the Administrative Procedures Act.
Targeting angiogenesis in gastrointestinal tumors: current challenges

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the few cancers where screening modalities are standardized, but it still remains the third leading cause of cancer related mortality. For more than a decade now, the approval of anti-angiogenic therapy has led to an increase in the rate of overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced colon cancer. The drawback of the anti-angiogenic therapy is that their effect is short-lived and many patients progress through these therapies. Various mechanisms of resistance have been hypothesized, but overcoming this has been challenging. Also, there are no standardized predictive biomarkers that could aid in selecting patients who responds to the therapy upfront. This review focuses on the basis of angiogenesis, describing the approved anti-angiogenic therapies, discusses the challenges in terms of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy and also the role of biomarkers. In the future, hopefully newer targeted therapies, immunotherapy, combination therapies and the standardization of biomarkers may result in improved outcomes and cure rates.
Known unknowns: indirect energy effects of information and communication technology

Author(s): Horner, NC; Shehabi, A; Azevedo, IL | Abstract: Background. There has been sustained and growing interest in characterizing the net energy impact of information and communication technology (ICT), which results from indirect effects offsetting (or amplifying) the energy directly consumed by ICT equipment. These indirect effects may be either positive or negative, and there is considerable disagreement as to the direction of this sign as well as the effect magnitude. Literature in this area ranges from studies focused on a single service (such as e-commerce versus traditional retail) to macroeconomic studies attempting to characterize the overall impact of ICT. Methods. We review the literature on the indirect energy effect of ICT found via Google Scholar, our own research, and input from other researchers in the field. The various studies are linked to an effect taxonomy, which is synthesized from several different hierarchies present in the literature. References are further grouped according to ICT service (e.g., e-commerce, telework) and summarized by scope, method, and quantitative and qualitative findings. Review results. Uncertainty persists in understanding the net energy effects of ICT. Results of indirect energy effect studies are highly sensitive to scoping decisions and assumptions made by the analyst. Uncertainty increases as the impact scope broadens, due to complex and interconnected effects. However, there is general agreement that ICT has large energy savings potential, but that the realization of this potential is highly dependent on deployment details and user behavior. Discussion. While the overall net effect of ICT is likely to remain unknown, this review suggests several guidelines for improving research quality in this area, including increased data collection, enhancing traditional modeling studies with sensitivity analysis, greater care in scoping, less confidence in characterizing aggregate impacts, more effort on understanding user behavior, and more contextual integration across the different levels of the effect taxonomy.
Expression of Mutant Myocilin Induces Abnormal Intracellular Accumulation of Selected Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the Trabecular Meshwork.

Purpose Abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the trabecular meshwork (TM) is associated with decreased aqueous humor outflow facility and IOP elevation in POAG. Previously, we have developed a transgenic mouse model of POAG (Tg-MYOCY437H) by expressing human mutant myocilin (MYOC), a known genetic cause of POAG. The purpose of this study is to examine whether expression of mutant myocilin leads to reduced outflow facility and abnormal ECM accumulation in Tg-MYOCY437H mice and in cultured human TM cells. Methods Conscious IOP was measured at various ages of Tg-MYOCY437H mice using a rebound tonometer. Outflow facility was measured in 10-month-old Tg-MYOCY437H mice. Selected ECM proteins were examined in human TM-3 cells stably expressing mutant myocilin and primary human TM cells (n = 4) as well as in the TM of Tg-MYOCY437H mice by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining. Furthermore, TM cells expressing WT or mutant myocilin were treated with 5 mM sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), and ECM proteins were examined by Western blot and immunostaining. Results Starting from 3 months of age, Tg-MYOCY437H mice exhibited significant IOP elevation compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Outflow facility was significantly reduced in Tg-MYOCY437H mice (0.0195 μl/min/mm Hg in Tg-MYOCY437H vs. 0.0332 μl/min/mm Hg in WT littermates). Increased accumulation of fibronectin, elastin, and collagen type IV and I was observed in the TM of Tg-MYOCY437H mice compared with WT littermates. Furthermore, increased ECM proteins were also associated with induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, GRP78 and CHOP in the TM of Tg-MYOCY437H mice. Human TM-3 cells stably expressing DsRed-tagged Y437H mutant MYOC exhibited inhibition of myocilin secretion and its intracellular accumulation compared with TM cells expressing WT MYOC. Expression of mutant MYOC in TM-3 cells or human primary TM cells induced ER stress and also increased intracellular protein levels of fibronectin, elastin, laminin, and collagen IV and I. In addition, TM-3 cells expressing mutant myocilin exhibited reduced active forms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in conditioned medium compared with TM-3 cells expressing WT myocilin. Interestingly, both intracellularly accumulated fibronectin and collagen I colocalized with mutant myocilin and also with ER marker KDEL further suggesting intracellular accumulation of these proteins in the ER of TM cells. Furthermore, reduction of ER stress via PBA decreased selected ECM proteins in primary TM cells. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that mutant myocilin induces abnormal ECM accumulation in the ER of TM cells, which may be responsible for reduced outflow facility and IOP elevation in myocilin-associated glaucoma.
Large mammal biomass predicts the changing distribution of hunter-gatherer settlements in mid-late Holocene Alaska

Abstract This study provides an ecological explanation for the distribution of Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) settlements in Alaska and the origin of their arctic maritime adaptation. Theoretically grounded in the ideal free distribution (IFD) model, which predicts that higher ranked habitats will be occupied first and most continuously, we contend that the location of large mammals was a major factor influencing human dispersal and settlement decisions in the arctic and subarctic ecosystems of Alaska. We rank habitat suitability based on historic mammal population densities from wildlife ecology reports across predefined ecological zones in Alaska; we multiply densities by average animal weights per species to determine suitability rankings. Coastal habitats in Alaska are higher ranked than adjacent tundra habitats, but the interior boreal forest may have been the highest ranked, considering technological constraints of hunting aquatic species. The ASTt migration into Alaska created population pressure that promoted the colonization of the unoccupied Arctic coast and development of the dual, terrestrial-maritime economy. When pan-Alaska human populations declined around 3200–2500 years ago low ranked tundra ecoregions were abandoned. As human populations recovered Alaska coasts became the most densely populated habitats. The adaptive logic entailed in the IFD provides a consistent evolutionary interpretation for settlement patterns documented in this region.
Sustainable Construction Methods and Processes

While most of the sustainable decisions on green building development are made during the project planning and design stages, the employed construction methods and processes also play an important role in reducing buildings’ environmental impacts during and beyond the construction stage. This article describes sustainable (also referred to as “green”) construction methods and processes that can be adopted to not only meet the requirements from green building rating systems, but also improve the sustainability of the construction industry. Although the discussions and examples in this article are centered on the U.S. practice, they are generally applicable to other countries and regions.
Engineering the Spectrum of Dipole Field-Localized Spin-Wave Modes to Enable Spin-Torque Antidamping

Spin Hall oscillators are a promising basis for engineering spin-wave devices. The authors use a micromagnet's inhomogeneous dipolar field to confine localized spin-wave modes (magnons), and to control their response to spin currents. This offers continuously variable spatial mode dimensions and systematic tunability of the magnon spectrum, for the study of spin-orbit-torque oscillators and the development of electrically actuated spintronic circuitry.
A Theoretical Examination of the Entrepreneurial Pitch Evaluation Process

Most entrepreneurs seek external funding to start their ventures, and their options have increased over the years. However, persuasion still lies at the heart of a pitch, where the entrepreneur nee...
Socratic and Platonic Political Philosophy: Practicing a Politics of Reading: by Christopher P. Long, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 240 pp., ISBN: 978-1107040359, Publication Date: 2014

Although Christopher Long in his book Socratic and Platonic Political Philosophy: Practicing a Politics of Reading is aware of the moral ambiguity of Plato's Socrates and the Platonic dialogues and...
Selections From the ABC 2017 Annual Conference, Dublin, Ireland: Teaching With Yeats’s Elegance and Wilde’s Wit:

This article, the second of a two-part series, features 13 My Favorite Assignments that were introduced at the Association for Business Communication’s 82nd annual conference held in Dublin, Irelan...
Subclassification of benign breast disease by fine needle aspiration cytology. Comparison of cytologic and histologic findings in 265 palpable breast masses.

The cytologic and histologic features of 265 benign breast masses were analyzed in order to examine the ability of fine needle aspiration cytology to accurately subclassify benign breast lesions. Two hundred two of the masses were pure histologic examples of benign breast lesions (72 nonproliferative fibrocystic change, 27 proliferative fibrocystic change, 65 fibroadenoma, 12 abscess, 8 fat necrosis, 7 papilloma, 7 duct ectasia, 2 tubular adenoma, 1 sclerosing adenosis, 1 microglandular adenosis), and 63 masses were mixed lesions. Part I of the study consisted of retrospective comparison of the original cytologic diagnoses with the histologic diagnoses. A nonspecific descriptive diagnosis had been rendered in 135 of 265 (51%) cases, and these descriptive diagnoses corresponded to fibrocystic change in the majority of cases (70%). A specific benign cytologic diagnosis had been made in 130 of 265 (49%) cases, and overall the specific diagnosis was correct in 80% of cases. Part II of the study consisted of the semiquantitative scoring of the cytologic findings of the 202 pure examples of benign breast masses and statistical analysis of differences in the expression of cytologic features between the different types of lesions. Overall cellularity, amount of bipolar stripped nuclei, amount and architectural arrangement of epithelium, epithelial atypia/pleomorphism/nuclear overlapping and amount of apocrine metaplasia, foam cells and stroma were the cytologic parameters that were statistically significant (P < .05) in distinguishing between the cases of fibroadenoma, abscess, papilloma, fat necrosis, duct ectasia and fibrocystic change as a group. No cytologic parameter reached statistical significance in distinguishing between proliferative and nonproliferative fibrocystic change. We conclude that the majority of benign breast lesions yield characteristic cytologic findings that allow their subclassification when sufficiently sampled by fine needle aspiration. The distinction between proliferative and nonproliferative fibrocystic change is less reliable, and cytologic differences observed within this spectrum did not reach statistical significance.
Be General and Don’t Give Up Consistency in Geo-Replicated Transactional Systems

We present Alvin, a system for managing concurrent transactions running on a set of geographically distributed sites. Alvin supports general-purpose transactions, and guarantees strong consistency criteria. Through a novel partial order broadcast protocol, Alvin maximizes the parallelism of ordering and local transaction processing. Alvin processes read-only transactions either locally or globally, according to the selected consistency criterion, and orders only conflicting transactions across all sites. We built Alvin in the Go language and conducted an evaluation study relying on the Amazon EC2 infrastructure and Paxos- and EPaxos-based state machine replication protocols as competitors. Our experimental results reveal that Alvin provides significant speed up for read-dominated TPC-C workloads and on 7 datacenters by as much as 4.8x when compared to EPaxos, and up to 26% in write-intensive workloads.
Introduction to programming with the Finch robot: pre-conference workshop

Robots are becoming a popular learning tool in computer science classes today. They offer active learning for the student, they engage the student's problem solving skills, and are easily applied to collaborative projects. They also allow the teachers to observe how the student is learning the objective. This workshop uses the Finch from Carnegie Mellon's CREATE lab and Jython to create introductory programs for CS0 students. The IDE used is JES (Jython Environment for Students) version created for the Finch. The Finch is an affordable robot and this JES version has the compiler, IDE, and Finch libraries in one convenient download. The participants will be provided with a Finch and two introduction programs.
Current Status of Renal Transplantation

The current status of kidney transplantation in the United States is reviewed within the context of the widening disparity between the need for organs and the available donor supply. Patient and graft outcomes, strategies for expanding and improving deceased donor kidney utilization, methods of overcoming blood type and human leukocyte antigen incompatibility barriers in living donation, and advances in immunosuppression and our understanding of transplant immunology are covered. Emerging therapies, proposed changes in kidney allocation policy, and prospects for the future are discussed.
Influence of Internships on Engineering Students’ Attitudes about Socially Responsible Engineering

This Research Full Paper presents an element of original research uncovering what how engineering students change their social responsibility attitudes. As engineering students transition into the workforce they gain significant responsibility for individuals and society through their decisions. Internships have been found to be an important site where students begin to develop their identity as an engineer and understand the engineering profession. This research explored how internships affected students’ perceptions of engineers’ social responsibilities. In this qualitative, longitudinal study, students were asked about their understandings of and influences on social responsibility in ~1 hour interviews each year throughout four years of college. Fifteen engineering students who participated in internship experiences outside of academia form the cases explored. These students were attending five universities and primarily majoring in civil and mechanical engineering, with four additional majors represented. The various internship experiences led four students to expand their understanding of socially responsible engineering (SRE), with three working at public sector jobs. In contrast, three other students narrowed their understanding of SRE and the majority experienced minimal change due to their internships. Faculty may want to consider internship experiences when developing curriculum related to ethics and societal impacts, setting expectations prior to the experiences to attune students to these issues and incorporating reflection and discussion elements for seniors to examine these issues.
Criterion-Related Validity of a New Standardized Developmental Measure for Use with Infants Who are Handicapped

The authors investigate the criterion-related validity of the Battelle Developmental Inventory when used with 70 handicapped children less than 30 months old.
50 Shades of Elizabeth; or, “Doing History” in Pop Fiction

Contemporary women writers’ historical fictional novels and popular romance novels about Elizabeth I are rich sites revealing complicated relationships between history- and fiction writing. This chapter explores women writers’ claims that their fictional novels are historically accurate, as well as their claims that their novels contribute to historiographical interpretations of Elizabeth I’s life and legacy. Therefore, this chapter investigates the language moves and rhetorical strategies women novelists use to influence and thereby convince readers to accept as “fact” their fictions about Elizabeth. Tracing the writers’ strategies, the chapter specifically attends to novels’ paratexts—authors’ notes, appendices, bibliographies, and the like—sites that frame novels in ways that they appear as scholarly monographs, and sites that best reveal women writers’ explicit claims to “do” Elizabeth I’s history.
Running the Bases Backward: Journalists Mark the Death of Jimmy Piersall:

A narrative analysis was performed on obituaries and tributes written to commemorate the career of longtime Major League player and broadcaster Jimmy Piersall, who died in June 2017. Six primary na...
A 30-kWth moving-bed chemical looping system for hydrogen production

Abstract A 30-kWth moving-bed chemical looping system has been developed at the Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan. In this system, methane is supplied as a fuel to a reducer, and steam enters an oxidizer to produce hydrogen under ambient pressure. An iron-based oxygen carrier is used and pneumatically transported in the system. In this study, a hydrogen production test was performed on the system, while the methane flow rate was 40 L/min according to the capacity requirement of a 30-kWth system, and the oxygen carrier circulation rate was 2100 g/min for 40-wt% Fe2O3 content. The concentration of carbon dioxide produced in the reducer was 95 %, and the concentration of hydrogen produced in the oxidizer reached 90 %. Partially oxidized oxygen carriers then reacted with air in the combustor, leading to a temperature increase of approximately 120°C. The oxygen carriers in the reducer were reduced to Fe, and the integrating conversion rate was 61.5 %. In the oxidizer, the oxygen carrier contained Fe3O4, and the integrated conversion rate was 22.2 %. 75 % of the oxygen carriers in the combustor exhibited a conversion rate of 5.3 %, indicating a nearly complete oxidation state. By conducting the hydrogen production test while effectively removing small particles of worn oxygen carriers from the system, the moving-bed chemical looping system was evaluated for the circulation and reaction of oxygen carriers. The system development experience will be used for system scale-up design.
Mixtures of tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride and ammonium influence plankton community structure in blackwater pond mesocosms

Abstract Mixtures of chemicals from human sources are pervasive in aquatic systems, yet their effects on aquatic communities are relatively understudied. Emerging contaminants such as organophosphorus flame-retardants (e.g. tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride (THPC)), are toxic to planktonic species at environmentally relevant concentrations. Additionally, inorganic ammonium from agriculture and industry is likely to enter surface waters simultaneously with flame retardant chemicals. While effects of ammonium on plankton are known, its presence has the potential to influence the toxicity of other contaminants. To study mixture effects on plankton communities, floating mesocosms were dosed with THPC (0.08 or 0.8 mg L−1) with or without ammonium (0.3 mg L−1). Weekly measurements of zooplankton community composition and phytoplankton abundance (as chlorophyll a) were performed. Each factor alone had no effect on zooplankton abundance or species composition. However, the mixture decreased the proportion of calanoid copepods and increased rotifers during weeks 1–3. Chlorophyll a was unaffected by treatments, but concentrations were highly variable for the duration of the experiment. The interaction between THPC and ammonium suggests that the contaminants together reduce abundance of large zooplankton, releasing smaller zooplankton from predation and competitive pressure while potentially limiting food availability to planktivorous fish.
Survey of Toxoplasma gondii Exposure in Muskrats in a Relatively Pristine Ecosystem

Waterborne transmission of Toxoplasma gondii is assumed to be enhanced in areas with human-altered landscapes (e.g., urbanization, agriculture) and increased populations of non-native domestic and feral cats (Felis catus). However, little is known concerning T. gondii exposure risks in more natural watersheds (e.g., reduced human footprint, no domestic or feral cats) to establish a baseline for comparisons. In this study, muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) were used as sentinels to assess baseline T. gondii exposure in a relatively pristine watershed in the Greater Voyageurs Ecosystem, northern Minnesota, during the summers of 2018-2019. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were assayed in sera of live-trapped muskrats (n = 70) using a modified agglutination test. None of our samples were positive for T. gondii antibodies (P = 0.00, 95% Wald Score Confidence Interval = 0.00-0.05). This study establishes a baseline to compare T. gondii waterborne transmission risks in other human-modified watersheds.
Command or Mediate? Toward a New Constitutional Typology

This article seeks to explain two rival models of constitutionalism. These models—that of the commanding and of the mediating constitution—rest on highly divergent views of human nature and the social order. They produce differing logics of governance and attitudes toward power. Leaving aside various forms of sham constitutions, it is the argument of this article that these two models occupy the field of constitutionalism deemed legitimate today. The commanding constitution is by far the dominant model today, and from at least the immediate aftermath of World War II. The second, minority model is termed the “mediating constitution.” This model, adopted in very few nations over the last century, is that adopted by the framers of the American constitution, as well as of medieval constitutionalism and, in important ways, by the Roman Republic.
Geriatric Trauma Decision-Making Based on Functional Outcomes

Learn the nuance of trauma in the geriatric population. Information gathering from the EMR, POLST databases, and family members is crucial to establishing patient function-centered goals of care.
Telemedicine Provides Enhanced Care for Low-Acuity Pediatric Urology Patients

Methods: A survey was developed and sent to patients participating in a pediatric teleurology program at an academic medical center. This survey evaluated the patient’s history using this telemedicine platform, satisfaction with various aspects of the application as well as associated details about transportation and costs of traditional in-person visits. Results: Of the 50 survey respondents, the majority reported that they found the app easy and comfortable to use as well as just as useful as in-person visits. Respondents also indicated that they incurred lower costs, traveled less, and faced less time lost from work. Conclusions: Telemedicine is a useful tool to enhance low-acuity pediatric urology care while minimizing the financial and opportunity costs of these visits as compared to in-person visits.
Perceptions of SNAP and Stocking Standards: A Qualitative Study of California Small Food Store Owners and Managers.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is critical to alleviating food insecurity, but low diet quality among program participants is a concern. Nutrition-related interventions have focused on SNAP-authorized food retailers, but the perspectives of small food store owners and managers have not been represented in national policy discussions. This study aimed to explore the opinions of store owners/managers of SNAP-authorized small food stores about their overall perceptions of the program and the stricter stocking standards previously proposed in 2016. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 33 small food store owners and managers in San Francisco and Oakland, California in 2016. Interviews were analyzed for thematic content using the general inductive approach. Four themes emerged from owners/managers’ discussion of their overall perceptions of SNAP: the beneficial impact of SNAP on their business, how SNAP enables them to connect with the broader community, the importance of SNAP in preventing hunger, and the nutrition-related struggles that SNAP participants face. Store owners/managers had a generally favorable response towards the proposed stricter stocking standards. Additional themes discussed pertained to the concern about whether stocking changes would lead SNAP participants to purchase more healthful food and some logistical challenges related to sourcing and storing perishable foods.
Toward an Understanding of Public Health Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship

This paper describes a framework used to understand public health entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship for the purpose of pedagogy and practice. To ground this framework in the academic literature, a scoping review of the literature was conducted with application of a snowball method to identify further articles from the bibliographies of the search results. Recurring themes were identified to characterize common patterns of public health entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship. These themes were design thinking, resource mobilization, financial viability, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and systems strengthening. Case examples are provided to illustrate key themes in both intrapreneurship and entrepreneurship. This framework is a starting point to further the discourse, teaching, and practice of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship in public health. More research is needed to understand implications for power and privilege, capacity building, financing, scaling, and policy making related to entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship in public health.
Cooperation to the Fullest Extent Possible? An Infinitely Repeated Games Experiment

Laboratory experiments on the infinitely repeated prisoner's dilemma, and other similar cooperation games, find little cooperation when the discount factor is near the theoretical cutoff discount factor for which cooperation can be supported in equilibrium. The explanation is that the non-cooperative equilibrium is risk dominant; it is the best response to most beliefs about what the other player will choose. I study a new game where cooperation is risk dominant at the cutoff to understand whether cooperation can be empirically observed to the fullest extent that theory says is possible. The main finding is that there is still not pervasive cooperation, just 41% and 35% in period 0 of the game for the last 10 matches in two respective treatments. Cooperation is a best response to almost all beliefs in the latter treatment indicating that eliminating strategic risk is not sufficient to obtain cooperation.
Hunchback activates Bicoid in post-mitotic Pair1 neurons to regulate synapse number

The proper formation and function of neural circuits is crucial for cognition, sensation, and behavior. Neural circuits are highly-specific, and this specificity is dependent on neurons developing key features of their individual identities: morphology, anatomical location, molecular expression and biophysiological properties. Previous research has demonstrated that a neurons identity is, in part, generated by the temporal transcription window the neuron is born in, and the homeodomain transcription factors expressed in the mature neuron. However, whether temporal transcription factors and homeodomain transcription factors regulate neural circuit formation, maintenance and function remains unknown. Here, we utilize a well-characterized neural circuit in the Drosophila larvae, the Pair1 neuron. We determined that in the Pair1 neuron, the temporal transcription factor Hunchback activates the homeodomain transcription factor Bicoid (Bcd). Both Hunchback and Bcd are expressed in Pair1 throughout larval development. Interestingly, Hunchback and Bcd were not required in Pair1 for neurotransmitter identity or axonal morphology, but were required for synapse density. We found that these transcription factors were functioning post-mitotically in Pair1 to regulate synapse density. Additionally, knocking down Hunchback and Bcd in Pair1 neurons disrupted the behavioral output of the circuit. We utilized the genetic tool TransTango to determine that Hunchback function in Pair1 is to repress forming synapses with erroneous neurons. To our knowledge, these data are the first to show Hunchback activating Bcd expression, as well as the first to demonstrate a role for Hunchback and Bcd post-mitotically.
Interrelation between spatial and temporal reciprocity inequalities of partially-coherent beams

As it was shown in recent papers [1, 2, 3] both spatial and temporal structure of a beam pulse are subject to generalized reciprocity inequalities:1 a product of characteristic pulse duration on its frequency bandwidth grows proportionally to effective number of modes in this pulse $$\Delta \omega \Delta t\alpha {N_{eff}}$$ (1a) The relation between width of angular spectrum of a beam and its cross-section width behaves in just the same manner $$ {{(\Delta \theta \Delta r)}^{2}}\alpha {{N}_{{eff.}}} $$ (1b)
A multi-disciplinary perspective on habitat preferences among dinosaurs in a Cretaceous Arctic greenhouse world, North Slope, Alaska (Prince Creek Formation: Lower Maastrichtian)

Abstract The Prince Creek Formation of northern Alaska is the most abundant source of polar dinosaur remains in the world, and now, corroborating data from this well-studied rock unit allow for making inferences about the paleoecological preferences for these extinct polar animals. The rock unit records high-latitude, alluvial sedimentation and soil formation on a low-gradient, muddy coastal plain. Compound and cumulative andic Entisols and Inceptisols formed on levees, point bars, crevasse splays, and along the margins of floodplain lakes, ponds, and swamps. Abundant organic matter, carbonaceous root traces, Fe-oxide depletion coatings, and zoned peds indicate periodic waterlogging, anoxia, and gleying, consistent with a high water table. In contrast, Fe-oxide mottles, ferruginous and manganiferous segregations, bioturbation, and less common illuvial clay coatings indicate recurring oxidation and periodic drying out of some soils. An integrated reconstruction of pedogenic processes and biota suggests that this ancient Arctic coastal plain was influenced by seasonally fluctuating water table levels and floods, and in distal areas, marine waters. Four of the five bonebeds in this study are from more distal areas, represented by lower delta plain facies, while the fifth bonebed is from a more proximal part of the basin, represented by a somewhat better drained coastal plain facies. Bonebeds in the distal areas are dominated by Edmontosaurus sp. while the more proximal bonebed is dominated by the remains of the ceratopsian Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum . The distribution of these bonebeds, sedimentological facies, paleosols, and biota suggests that Pachyrhinosaurus may have preferred more upland environments while Edmontosaurus preferred lowland, deltaic environments. This distribution may be the result of physiological adaptation to the pronounced seasonality provided by polar terrestrial ecosystems. In contrast to a preferred habitat distribution of these large herbivores, the large predatory dinosaur Nanuqsaurus hoglundi seems to have had a more ubiquitous distribution across the landscape.
Occupational Factors, Fatigue, and Cardiovascular Disease

Purpose: Briefly identify the epidemiological evidence, propose pertinent mechanisms, and discuss physical therapy practice as well as research implications of a causal association between occupational factors and cardiovascular disease. Summary of Key Points: There is evidence that occupational metabolic demands and work organizations characterized by reduced worker control are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It is biologically plausible that these two factors interact to create a preclinical, intermediate state of fatigue (burnout) that is a critical component in the causal path from occupational factors to CVD. Physical therapists are uniquely qualified to contribute to an understanding of these mechanisms and their resultant implications for work organization, rehabilitation, and health promotion. Statement of Recommendations: Physical therapists engaged in ergonomic job analysis should consider work related metabolic demands, worker control, and fatigue in their assessment of risk for injury and illness, in recommendations for return to work, and in the prescription of health promotion leisure time physical activity
Factors Determining Consumer Interest in Catalogs: An Examination in an Emerging Market

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to explain how consumer interest in catalogs is determined. A number of factors are identified that influence consumer interest in catalogs. These factors include a set of economic and social factors, and consumer perceived risk, demographics, and prior experience. The influence of these factors on consumer interest in catalogs is tested using data from Saudi Arabia, an emerging market. Results indicate that the economic and social factors influence consumer interest in catalogs. Also, consumer perceived risk, education, income and prior experience are related to consumer interest in catalogs, while gender and marital status are not.
Cancer in asbestos-exposed occupational cohorts: a meta-analysis

Objective: To examine existing asbestos-exposed occupational cohorts and apply a meta-analytic technique to determine the magnitude of association between exposure and lung cancer and to investigate other cancer sites that may be related to such an exposure.
Studies on Polynucleotides LXXVIII. YEAST PHENYLALANINE TRANSFER RIBONUCLEIC ACID: TERMINAL SEQUENCES

Abstract Extended countercurrent distribution of yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA (tRNAphe) gives rise to two peaks of phenylalanine acceptor activity. By the use of end group-labeling techniques, the 5'-terminal sequence of each of these peaks has been shown to be pGpC-, and the 3'-terminal sequences are -CpApCpC and -CpApCpCpA for Peaks I and II, respectively. Subsequent to the addition of pA to the 3' terminus of the tRNAphe from Peak I by a crude supernatant enzyme from yeast, this tRNA cannot be distinguished from tRNAphe (Peak II) by countercurrent distribution techniques. It is concluded that the two peaks of phenylalanine acceptor activity observed represent the same species of tRNA and differ only in that the tRNAphe (Peak I) is lacking the 3'-terminal pA residue.