cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dendritic macromers for hydrogel formation: Tailored materials for ophthalmic, orthopedic, and biotech applications

Dendritic mac- romolecules are well-defined highly branched macromolecules synthesized via a divergent or convergent approach. A salient feature of the macromolecules described herein, and a goal of our research effort, is to prepare dendritic macromolecules suita- ble for in vitro and in vivo use by focusing on biocompatible building blocks and biodegrad- able linkages. These dendritic macromolecules can be subse- quently crosslinked to form hy- drogels using a photochemical ac- rylate-based or a chemical liga- tion strategy. The properties— mechanical, swelling, degradation, and so forth—of the hydrogels can be tuned by altering the com- position, crosslinking chemistry, wt %, generation number and so forth. The utility and diverse appli- cability is demonstrated through successful use of these hydrogels in three unique applications: hy- drogel adhesives for repairing cor- neal wounds, hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering, cal applications of polymers; bio- materials; cartilage; cornea; den- drimers; dendritic macromole- cules; high throughput screening; hydrogels; ophthalmology; ortho- pedics; structure-property rela- tionships; synthesis; wound repair
Complex synchronized pacemaker (Atricor) malfunction

Abstract A complex arrhythmia in a patient with an implanted synchronized pacemaker (Atricor) is presented. It is primarily manifested by a rapid pacemaker escape rate and by first and second degree atrial-pacemaker block, the latter frequently demonstrating the Wenckebach phenomenon. Evidence is presented suggesting that this was caused by malfunction of the electronic components of the pacemaker.
The ratio of early transmitral flow velocity (E) to early mitral annular velocity (Em) predicts improvement in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function 1 year after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Aims Successful rhythm control after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation is known to induce left atrial reverse remodelling and improve left ventricular (LV) function. We explored the clinical factors affecting LV systolic and diastolic function 1-year after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Methods and results We compared pre-procedural and 1-year follow-up echocardiograms in 521 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent catheter ablation. Left ventricular systolic function was estimated by the ejection fraction (EF); diastolic function was estimated by the ratio of early transmitral flow velocity ( E ) to early mitral annular velocity ( E m). (i) Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation significantly reduced left atrium volume index ( P < 0.001) and improved LV EF both in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation ( n = 133, P = 0.008) and those without recurrence ( n = 388, P < 0.001). (ii) Follow-up EF was significantly improved in patients with baseline E / E m < 15 ( n = 454, P < 0.001), whereas E / E m was significantly reduced in patients with pre-procedural E / E m ≥ 15 ( n = 67, P = 0.008). (iii) Baseline E / E m < 15 ( β = −3.854, 95% CI −5.99 to −1.72, P < 0.001), baseline EF <50% ( β = 10.586, 95% CI 7.55 to 13.63, P < 0.001), and female ( β = −1.726, 95% CI −3.36 to −0.10, P = 0.038) were independently associated with improved EF. Baseline E / E m ≥ 15 ( β = 4.896, 95% CI 3.45 to 6.34, P < 0.001) and younger age ( β = −0.066, 95% CI −0.11 to −0.02, P = 0.003) were independent factors associated with improved E / E m. Conclusion Pre-procedural E / E m predicted improvement in LV systolic and diastolic functions 1 year after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Low baseline E / E m was independently associated with improved EF, while high E / E m predicted improvement in LV diastolic function.
Collaborative systems thinking: Uncovering the rules

As the aerospace workforce braces itself for the “silver tsunami,” more emphasis is needed on how to develop systems skills in engineering workforce. Research has shown this knowledge is tacit and based in experience. However, with nearly one-third of the industry's employees eligible for retirement, this systems-level knowledge is at risk of being lost. This focuses on the team as the unit of analysis and the elements of design process and team culture that foster collaborative systems thinking teams. Eight pilot interviews, ten full case studies, and 14 abbreviated case studies were used to explore “collaborative systems thinking,” or team-level systems thinking. From these data, a definition of collaborative systems thinking is derived and generalizations about collaborative systems thinking teams are presented.
Molecular insights into stress erythropoiesis.

Purpose of reviewIn addition to its essential role in baseline erythropoiesis, the hormone erythropoietin drives the erythropoietic response to hypoxic stress. A mechanistic understanding of stress erythropoiesis would benefit multiple clinical settings, and may aid in understanding leukemogenesis.R
Using geographical information techniques to quantify the spatial structure of endolithic boring processes within sediment grains of marine stromatolites.

Marine stromatolites are generated through the interactions of environmental parameters and specific microbial processes. The activities of endolithic bacteria, that bore canals through calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sand grains (ooids) and reprecipitate the CaCO3 as a single layer (i.e. micritic laminae) are especially important in the longer term stability of the stromatolite macrostructure. Image analysis and classification approaches have been used previously, but only seldom as a quantitative microscopic tool. Here, we develop a new approach that enables the quantification of microscale (i.e. micrometers to millimeters) spatial structure within marine stromatolites. To demonstrate our approach, images were acquired from two different layers of a stromatolite: ‘‘orange layers’’, where microboring of canals within ooids was relatively abundant, and ‘‘white layers’’ where microboring was greatly reduced or lacking. Images were then transformed into spatial maps. Computation of canal and ooid grain areas within each image was conducted and statistically compared between replicate samples from the two stromatolite layers. This allowed quantification of the areas of ooid grains that were microbored. Based on our results, we suggest that our method could be widely applicable to sedimentary environments, and other areas of fundamental research.
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee

Osteochondritis dissecans is a condition of the joints that appears to affect subchondral bone primarily, with secondary effects on articular cartilage. With progression, this pathology may present clinically with symptoms related to the integrity of the articular cartilage. Early signs, associated with intact cartilage, may be related to a softening phenomenon and alteration in the mechanical properties of cartilage. Later stages, because of the lack of underlying support of the cartilage, can present with signs of articular cartilage separation, cartilage flaps, loose bodies, inflammatory synovitis, persistent or intermittent joint effusion, and, in severe cases, secondary joint degeneration. Selecting and recommending a surgical intervention require balancing application of nonsurgical interventions with assessment of the degree of articular cartilage stability and the potential for spontaneous recovery.
Cyber-physical Systems Architecture for Self-Aware Machines in Industry 4.0 Environment

Abstract The recently emerged methodologies for interconnected systems such as cyber-physical systems are focused to closely monitor the information and synchronize it between the physical connected systems and cyber computational space. Depending on the physical system being monitored, the approach for designing and implementing the framework for interconnect systems might differ. In manufacturing industry, utilizing advanced analytics over a systematic deployment of cyber-physical system provides network of machines with ability to perform more efficiently, collaboratively and resiliently. Such transformation can takes the manufacturing industry into the next level of evolution namely called Industry 4.0. In this paper, a unified framework for integrating CPS in manufacturing is presented. Then an adaptive clustering method as an advanced analytical method for interconnected systems will be described and at the end of the paper a case study of self-aware machines by CPS integration is presented.
Molecular Simulation Study of Gas Solubility and Diffusion in a Polymer-Boron Nitride Nanotube Composite

We study the possibility of using polymer composites made of a polymer and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) as a new type of membranes for gas separation. The polymer used is amorphous poly(ether imide) (PEI), and zigzag BNNTs are used to generate the composites with the PEI. The solubilities and self-diffusivities of CO2 and CH4 in the PEI and its composites with the BNNTs are calculated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The molecular models of the PEI and its composites with the BNNTs are generated using energy minimization and MD simulation, and the Universal Force Field is used to represent the interactions between all the atoms. The morhology of the composites are characterized and are compared with that of PEI. The accuracy of the computations is tested by calculating the gases’ solubilities and self-diffsivities in the pure PEI and comparing them with the experimental data. Good agreement is obtained with the data. The computed diffusivities and solubilities in the polymer-BNNTs composites are...
The Observation of Tridymite Formed on the Long Term Oxidized Layer of Silicon Nitride by EPMA

Hot-pressed silicon nitride specimens were oxidized in air flow at 1200°C for up to 3000h. Tridymite was detected by X-ray diffraction after 750h oxidation, and the crystals of 3-4×200-300μm were observed by composition image on the 3000h oxidized layer. The composition change in the phases by oxidation were examined with an EDS. The relative amount of SiO2 in the Y2S phase decreased during oxidation leading to the stoichiometric composition (Y2O3⋅2SiO2). The glassy phase formed after 3000h oxidation contained several metallic oxides such as Y2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O and 10wt% Al2O3. Incorporation of alkali and other metallic oxides into the glassy phase lowered the melting temperature of the silica (cristo balite)-rich phase. The glassy phase acted as a flux of silica to promote the crystallization of tridymite.
Comparative proteomics analysis of the interaction between microcystin and AGS cells

OBJECTIVE The study aimed to identify the differential proteins occurred after the interaction of microcystin LR with its host cells(AGS). METHODS Two-dimensional electrophoresis was utilized to separate cellular proteins in gastric mucosal AGS cells before and after interacting with microcystin LR. The protein spectra were compared by ImageMaster2Dv3.1, and the proteins of interest were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time of flight( MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and identified by Mascot database search. RESULTS 4 differential protein spots were detected and MS / MS interpretation of the results identified 2 differential proteins, which were heat shock protein 60 and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase. CONCLUSION After the interaction of microcystin-LR with the host AGS cells, the cells differentially express heat shock protein 60 and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase under a yet unknown mechanism. The study sheds new lights on the pathogenesis of microcystin-LR in the host cells.
Determination of Fat Content in Yuba by Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

The objective of this study was to develop a method to determine the fat content in yuba by nea r infrared(NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. A total of 180 yuba samples collected at different occasions from different production lines were tested by NIR spectroscopy. The diffuse reflectance spectra(4 000-10 000 cm-1) were collected using an integrating sphere attachment. In order to eliminate the particle scattering and baseline drift, the NIR reflectance spectra were preprocessed by 2nd order derivative with Savitzky-Golay. Backward interval partial least squares(BiPLS), synergy interval partial least squares(SiPLS), searching combination moving window partial least squares(SCMWPLS) and genetic algorithms partial least squares(GAPLS) were employed to extract informative variables and construct quantitative models for the fat content in yuba. After comparison, the best model was obtained by GAPLS method with 143 data points. The correlation coefficient(r) was 0.96 and the root mean square error of cross-validation(RMSECV) was 0.95 in calibration set, and the r was 0.92 and the root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP) was 1.17 in prediction set. This work demonstrates that variables extraction methods not only allow selection of the NIR informative variables for the fat content of yuba and simplify the models, but also highlight the potential of NIR technique for assessing the quality of yuba on-line.
Antimicrobial Packaging for Poultry

Abstract The poultry industry is one of the most successful sectors of US agriculture; however, ensuring the microbiological safety of poultry meat is a formidable challenge. Poultry products are increasingly being implicated in multiple foodborne disease outbreaks, resulting in escalated public health concerns and significant economic losses. The poultry industry has traditionally relied upon good manufacturing practices and implementing hazard analysis critical control points for increasing the microbiological safety of poultry products; however, these interventions are not completely effective in preventing foodborne diseases. With increasing consumer demand for safe and minimally processed poultry products, and a modern distribution system requiring adequate shelf life, novel intervention strategies with significant and long-lasting antimicrobial efficacy are being explored. This chapter highlights the potential of various antimicrobial packaging methods in improving the safety and shelf life of poultry products. In addition, the effects of packaging on the quality of food products are discussed.
Structuring an artificial intelligence based decision making tool for cyclic steam stimulation processes

Abstract Cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) is one of the more popular EOR techniques due to the existence of giant heavy oil reserves existing in different parts of the world. Numerical reservoir simulation plays a critical role in investigating the mechanisms and optimizing field development strategies of CSS processes. An artificial neural network (ANN) based model is considered to be a powerful subsidiary tool of high fidelity models for its fast computational speed and reliable prediction capability. This work focuses on the development of a robust surrogate model as a screening/design tool for cyclic steam injection processes using artificial neural network technology. The major contribution of this work includes training of the ANN model using a network topology optimization workflow to help the ANN better understand the complex data structures that are encountered in such processes. The developed ANN model successfully incorporates rock-fluid properties such as relative permeability and temperature dependent viscosity as input parameters together with the other relevant data. Last but not least, the network model utilizes a hybrid structure to adapt to the automatic cycle switching scheme that can be encountered in cyclic steam injection processes. The paper shows that the ANN model can be employed both as a classification tool and a nonlinear regression tool. The model is validated via extensive blind tests against high fidelity simulation models and can be used as a powerful screening and process design tool in global optimization of the process.
Comparative treatment effectiveness of direct acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C: Data from the Veterans administration

Background and Aims Data addressing real world effectiveness of direct acting antiviral agents in hepatitis C infected patients are now emerging. This study compared the sustained virologic response rates achieved 12 weeks post-treatment in patients treated with three such agents by the Veterans Health Administration. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using patients who terminated treatment by July 1, 2015. Data were retrieved from the Veterans Health Administration electronic medical records system. Patients were included if sufficient viral load laboratory data were available to determine sustained virologic response. Applying an intention to treat approach and logistic regression analysis, the sustained virologic response rates achieved were compared across drug regimens. Results A total of 11 464 patients met study selection criteria. Without controlling for other risk factors, sustained virologic response at least 12 weeks post treatment was achieved in 92% of ledipasvir/ sofosbuvir, 86% of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvir, and 83% of simeprevir/sofosbuvir patients. After adjusting for patient characteristics, simeprevir/sofosbuvir (93.3%) and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (96.2%) patients were statistically more likely than ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvir (91.8%) patients to demonstrate sustained virologic response. Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B infection, diabetes, obesity, previous treatment history and augmentation therapy using ribavirin did not impact sustained virologic response rates. Sustained virologic response rates were lower for patients under age 65, with cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, indications of fibrosis, or a non-genotype 1 infection. Women and Caucasian patients were more likely to achieve a sustained virologic response. Conclusions All three direct acting antiviral regimens appear highly effective in achieving sustained virologic response.
Reservation based protocol for resolving priority inversions in composable conveyor systems

We present a reservation based protocol for resolving priority inversions in Composable Conveyor Systems. These systems represent a class of networked multi-processor systems that are used to physically transport entities from inputs to outputs. The absence of shared memory and the interaction between the cyber and physical subsystems present many challenges such as priority inversion. We view the end-to-end transport of an entity as a task and discuss how these systems admit a rich set of task models. Like in other real-time systems, a priority inversion is said to occur when a high-priority task is blocked by a lower-priority task for an unbounded duration of time. We present an approach to compute the average waiting time for entities, establish properties of the proposed protocol and present simulation results that demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed protocol. In the future, this protocol can be extended to other task models and a larger class of decentralized systems for advanced manufacturing.
Differential basal and exercise-induced IGF-I system responses to resistance vs. calisthenic-based military readiness training programs

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to: 1) evaluate differential responses of the IGF-I system to either a calisthenic- or resistance exercise-based program and 2) determine if this chronic training altered the IGF-I system during an acute resistance exercise protocol. Design Thirty-two volunteers were randomly assigned into a resistance exercise-based training (RT) group ( n =15, 27±5y, 174±6cm, 81±12kg) or a calisthenic-based training group (CT) ( n =17, 29±5y, 179±8cm, 85±10kg) and all underwent 8weeks of exercise training (1.5h/d, 5d/wk). Basal blood was sampled pre- (Week 0), mid- (Week 4) and post-training (Week 8) and assayed for IGF-I system analytes. An acute resistance exercise protocol (AREP) was conducted preand post-training consisting of 6 sets of 10 repetitions in the squat with two minutes of rest in between sets and the IGF-I system analytes measured. A repeated measures ANOVA ( p ≤0.05) was used for statistical analysis. Results No interaction or within-subject effects were observed for basal total IGF-I, free IGF-I, or IGFBP-1. IGFBP-2 (pre; 578.6±295.7 p =0.008) and Acid Labile Subunit (ALS) changed over the exercise training (pre-; 16.2±1.3=mid-; 17.6±1.8>post-training; 14.3±1.9μg/mL; p =0.01). An interaction was observed for the RT group as IGFBP-3 increased from pre to mid (3462.4±216.4 vs. 3962.2±227.9ng/mL), but was not significant at the post-training time point (3770.3±228.7ng/mL). AREP caused all analytes except free IGF-I (40% decrease) to increase (17–27%; p =0.001) during exercise, returning to baseline concentration into recovery. Conclusion Post-training, bioavailable IGF-I recovered more rapidly post-exercise. 8wks of chronic physical training resulted in increased basal IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3, decreased ALS, increased pre-AREP free IGF-I and a more rapid free IGF-I recovery post-AREP. While total IGF-I was insensitive to chronic physical training, changes were observed with circulating IGFBPs and bioavailable IGF-I. To glean the most robust information on the effects of exercise training, studies must move beyond relying solely on total IGF-I measures and should consider IGFBPs and bioavailable IGF-I as these components of the circulating IGF-I system are essential determinants of IGF-I physiological action.
Vulvodynia: What We Know and Where We Should Be Going

Author(s): Havemann, Logan M; Cool, David R; Gagneux, Pascal; Markey, Michael P; Yaklic, Jerome L; Maxwell, Rose A; Iyer, Ashvin; Lindheim, Steven R | Abstract: ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to review the current nomenclature and literature examining microbiome cytokine, genomic, proteomic, and glycomic molecular biomarkers in identifying markers related to the understanding of the pathophysiology and diagnosis of vulvodynia (VVD).Materials and methodsComputerized searches of MEDLINE and PubMed were conducted focused on terminology, classification, and "omics" variations of VVD. Specific MESH terms used were VVD, vestibulodynia, metagenomics, vaginal fungi, cytokines, gene, protein, inflammation, glycomic, proteomic, secretomic, and genomic from 2001 to 2016. Using combined VVD and vestibulodynia MESH terms, 7 references were identified related to vaginal fungi, 15 to cytokines, 18 to gene, 43 to protein, 38 to inflammation, and 2 to genomic. References from identified publications were manually searched and cross-referenced to identify additional relevant articles. A narrative synthesis of the articles was conducted; however, meta-analysis was not conducted because of substantial heterogeneity in the studies and limited numbers of control-matched studies.ResultsVarying definitions of VVD complicate a meta-analysis, and standard definitions will better allow for comparisons of studies and enhance the applicability of evidence to patient populations. Although data are still limited, genomic and molecular diagnostic testings continue to be investigated as potential tools for the diagnosis of VVD.ConclusionsStandardized nomenclature will allow for comparability of studies and progress in research related to the pathophysiology of VVD and to facilitate clinical decision making and treatment choices. Although the current understanding of the pathogenesis of VVD is limited, there are new opportunities to explore potential diagnostic markers differences in women with VVD, which may lead to targeted therapy.
Use of Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Elderly and Very Elderly Patients With Brain Metastases to Limit Toxicity Associated With Whole Brain Radiation Therapy.

Summary Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a well-tolerated ablative therapy for brain metastases, but its role in the management of elderly patients traditionally managed with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is unclear. We retrospectively compared toxicity rates in elderly and very elderly patients. When comparing treatment modalities we found that patients clinically selected for WBRT had poor overall survival and that WBRT was associated with higher rates of acute neurocognitive toxicity compared to SRS using multi-variate analysis.
Deactivation kinetics of acid-sensing ion channel 1a are strongly pH-sensitive.

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are trimeric cation-selective ion channels activated by protons in the physiological range. Recent reports have revealed that postsynaptically localized ASICs contribute to the excitatory postsynaptic current by responding to the transient acidification of the synaptic cleft that accompanies neurotransmission. In response to such brief acidic transients, both recombinant and native ASICs show extremely rapid deactivation in outside-out patches when jumping from a pH 5 stimulus to a single resting pH of 8. Given that the resting pH of the synaptic cleft is highly dynamic and depends on recent synaptic activity, we explored the kinetics of ASIC1a and 1a/2a heteromers to such brief pH transients over a wider [H+] range to approximate neuronal conditions better. Surprisingly, the deactivation of ASICs was steeply dependent on the pH, spanning nearly three orders of magnitude from extremely fast ( 300 ms) at pH 7. This study provides an example of a ligand-gated ion channel whose deactivation is sensitive to agonist concentrations that do not directly activate the receptor. Kinetic simulations and further mutagenesis provide evidence that ASICs show such steeply agonist-dependent deactivation because of strong cooperativity in proton binding. This capacity to signal across such a large synaptically relevant bandwidth enhances the response to small-amplitude acidifications likely to occur at the cleft and may provide ASICs with the ability to shape activity in response to the recent history of the synapse.
Chronic Urogenital Pain

Major structures involved include kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, testes, penis, vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes.
formation of 9,10-epoxypalmitate and 9,10-dihydroxypalmitate from palmitoleic acid by a soluble system from Bacillusmegaterium

Abstract A soluble, cytochrome P-450-containing system from Bacillus megaterium which catalyzes the monohydroxylation of long-chain saturated fatty acids has now been found to convert palmitoleic acid to 9,10-epoxypalmitate and 9,10-dihydroxypalmitate in addition to the expected isomeric mixture of monohydroxypalmitoleic acids.
The Intersection of Genome-Wide Association Studies and High-Throughput Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Screens Allows for the Identification of Novel Pathways Relevant to Atherosclerosis

It is now known that the internalization and transcytosis of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the vessel wall occurs through molecular pathways independent of the LDL receptor. In a study recently published in Nature Communications, investigators cross-referenced results from a genome-wide ribonucleic acid interference screen with targets identified in publicly-available genome-wide association studies datasets to identify activin-like kinase 1 as a novel driver of this process. This approach has relevance to the field of atherosclerosis, and could be used as a model for the prioritization of future "hits" in large-scale genomic screens.
Review of the cytology and connections of the lateral habenula, an avatar of adaptive behaving.

Abstract The cytology and connections of the lateral habenula (LHb) are reviewed. The habenula is first introduced, after which the cytology of the LHb is discussed mainly with reference to cell types, general topography and descriptions of subnuclei. An overview of LHb afferent connections is given followed by some details about the projections to LHb from a number of structures. An overview of lateral habenula efferent connections is given followed by some details about the projections from LHb to a number of structures. In considering the afferent and efferent connections of the LHb some attention is given to the relative validity of regarding it as a bi-partite structure featuring ‘limbic’ and ‘pallidal’ parts. The paper ends with some concluding remarks about the relative place of the LHb in adaptive behaving.
Self-Powered Temperature-Mapping Sensors Based on Thermo-Magneto-Electric Generator.

We demonstrate a thermo-magneto-electric generator (TMEG) based on second-order phase transition of soft magnetic materials that provides a promising pathway for scavenging low-grade heat. It takes advantage of the cyclic magnetic forces of attraction and repulsion arising through ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition to create mechanical vibrations that are converted into electricity through piezoelectric benders. To enhance the mechanical vibration frequency and thereby the output power of the TMEG, we utilize the nonlinear behavior of piezoelectric cantilevers and enhanced thermal transport through silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) applied on the surface of a soft magnet. This results in large enhancement of the oscillation frequency reaching up to 9 Hz (300% higher compared with that of the prior literature). Optimization of the piezoelectric beam and Ag NP distribution resulted in the realization of nonlinear TMEGs that can generate a high output power of 80 μW across the load resistance of 0....
Collective program analysis

Popularity of data-driven software engineering has led to an increasing demand on the infrastructures to support efficient execution of tasks that require deeper source code analysis. While task optimization and parallelization are the adopted solutions, other research directions are less explored. We present collective program analysis (CPA), a technique for scaling large scale source code analyses, especially those that make use of control and data flow analysis, by leveraging analysis specific similarity. Analysis specific similarity is about, whether two or more programs can be considered similar for a given analysis. The key idea of collective program analysis is to cluster programs based on analysis specific similarity, such that running the analysis on one candidate in each cluster is sufficient to produce the result for others. For determining analysis specific similarity and clustering analysis-equivalent programs, we use a sparse representation and a canonical labeling scheme. Our evaluation shows that for a variety of source code analyses on a large dataset of programs, substantial reduction in the analysis time can be achieved; on average a 69% reduction when compared to a baseline and on average a 36% reduction when compared to a prior technique. We also found that a large amount of analysis-equivalent programs exists in large datasets.
Chemoselectivity in the Kosugi-Migita-Stille coupling of bromophenyl triflates and bromo-nitrophenyl triflates with (ethenyl)tributyltin.

Abstract Kosugi-Migita-Stille cross coupling reactions of (ethenyl)tributyltin with all isomeric permutations of bromophenyl triflate and bromo-nitrophenyl triflate were examined in order to determine the chemoselectivity of carbon-bromine versus carbon-triflate bond coupling under different reaction conditions. In general, highly selective carbon-bromine bond cross couplings were observed using for example bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride (2 mol-%) in 1,4-dioxane at reflux. In contrast, reactions using the same pre-catalyst but in the presence of a three-fold excess of lithium chloride in N,N-dimethylformamide at ambient temperature were in most cases selective for coupling at the carbon-triflate bond. Overall, isolated yields and the selectivity for carbon-bromine bond coupling were significantly higher compared to carbon-triflate bond coupling.
A repeat offender: Recurrent extraintestinal Clostridium difficile infection following fecal microbiota transplantation.

Abstract Extraintestinal infection with Clostridium difficile has been reported but remains uncommon. Treatment of this unusual complication is complex given the limitations of current therapeutic options. Here we report a novel case of recurrent extraintestinal C. difficile infection that occurred following fecal microbiota transplantation. Using whole genome sequencing, we confirmed recrudescence rather than reinfection was responsible. The patient ultimately responded to prolonged, targeted antimicrobial therapy informed by susceptibility testing.
The spectrum of random vibration of a nonlinear oscillator

The study of random vibration deals with random excitation processes and the response of vibratory systems to such excitations. The most frequent application is to vehicles (e.g., ships, trucks, airplanes, space vehicles) where the operational environment provides random dynamic excitation (e.g., stormy seas, rough roads, atmospheric turbulence, rocket engine noise). For an introduction to the field see [1, 2]. A survey of the present state of the art is provided by [3].
Foraging by mice in spatially and temporally variable agricultural fields: Implications for volunteer corn, invertebrate and weed pest control

The prairie deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) is a common year-round resident of Midwestern agricultural fields, and provides several ecosystem services. Previous studies and preliminary findings have shown that the mouse consumes large quantities of weed seeds and waste grain during the fall and winter. However, it is unknown how the spatial and temporal variation in resource types and their distribution affects foraging by deer mice in these crop fields. The following two studies were designed to 1) experimentally test how resource distribution (patchiness) within a field affects foraging by deer mice and 2) examine the temporal variation in diet composition of deer mice living in conventional corn fields. The results of these two studies add to our understanding of how weed populations and volunteer corn are regulated by deer mice in corn fields, which has important weed management implications. Ultimately, increased knowledge of the temporal variation in the deer mouse’s diet and understanding how mice respond to variations in resource patchiness contribute to our basic ecological understanding of foraging in variable environments as well as emphasizing the value of these mice in the future of Midwestern agriculture.
Oxidative Metabolism of Leukocytes and Its Relationship to Bactericidal Activity

During the course of phagocytosis, normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes undergo remarkable alterations in oxidative metabolism which are insensitive to cyanide or azide. These events, collectively referred to as the respiratory burst, are listed in Table 1. Although neutrophils are equipped with a variety of bactericidal weapons, including non-oxidative processes such as hydrolytic enzymes and cationic proteins, several lines of evidence suggest that the respiratory burst plays a major role in the killing of Table 1 The Respiratory Burst I. Increased oxygen consumption II. Increased glucose oxidation via the hexose monophosphate shunt III. Generation of hydrogen peroxide IV. Generation of superoxide anion V. Generation of chemiluminescence VI. Reduction of tetrazolium dyes many bacteria. Bacteria are ingested well under anaerobic conditions but most are not killed efficiently in this situation (1). Further, cells obtained from patients with chronic granulomatous disease fail to elicit a normal respiratory burst and are unable to adequately kill many types of microorganisms (2). Patients with this disease are highly susceptible to severe pyogenic bacterial infections which are frequently life-threatening.
The Subtypes and the Positive and Negative Diagnostic Symptoms of Schizophrenia Are Explained by Psychotic Mood Disorders

The three core subtypes of schizophrenia, originally called dementia praecox, are hebephrenic, now called disorganized, catatonic, and paranoid (Tables 3.4, 6.3, 12.1). All date from the nineteenth century. Morel (1851) differentiated dementia praecox from manic-depressive insanity based on severity and chronicity. Hecker (1871) described hebephrenia, and Kahlbaum (1874) wrote about catatonia (Doran et al. 1986). Kraepelin in the 1880s added the paranoid subtype and grouped the three as comprising dementia praecox. Bleuler (1911) defined schizophrenia as “… The Group of Schizophrenias” meaning that his ­disease was made up of subtypes and did not exist as an entity separate from the subtypes. Bleuler (1911, p. 10) added a fourth subtype, simple schizophrenia, but this subtype was dropped upon the publication of the DSM-III in 1980. The three core subtypes, disorganized, catatonic, and paranoid, have survived intact from the nineteenth century and apparently until 2013 when the DSM-5 is due to be ­published. Two other less specific subtypes, residual and undifferentiated, were added at least by 1968 with the publication of the DSM-II and, like the core three subtypes, have been retained through the current DSM-IV-TR.
CONTAMINATION OF THE VACUUM PUMPING LINES OF THE TOKAMAK FUSION TEST REACTOR

We present the results of a survey for contamination of the vacuum pumping (plasma exhaust) lines of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor. We have found that, although kilograms of graphitic particles are generated in the torus, insignificant amounts of this material is found in the exhaust lines. This material has adverse effects upon gate valves, causing throughput leaks, particularly for those valves beneath the torus. Tritium contamination of the exhaust system is essentially confined to those areas where pump oil is found.
Le problème de temps d'Arrêt optimal déterministe et l'inéquation variationnelle du premier ordre associée

On caracterise le cout optimal d'un probleme de temps d'arret deterministe comme la solution maximum d'une inequation variationnelle du premier ordre. On obtient quelques proprietes de regularite pour le cout optimal.
An Adversarial Network Architecture Using 2D U-Net Models for Segmentation of Left Ventricle from Cine Cardiac MRI.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) provides high resolution images ideal for assessing cardiac function and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. To assess cardiac function, estimation of ejection fraction, ventricular volume, mass and stroke volume are crucial, and the segmentation of left ventricle from CMRI is the first critical step. Fully convolutional neural network architectures have proved to be very efficient for medical image segmentation, with U-Net inspired architecture as the current state-of-the-art. Generative adversarial networks (GAN) inspired architectures have recently gained popularity in medical image segmentation with one of them being SegAN, a novel end-to-end adversarial neural network architecture. In this paper, we investigate SegAN with three different types of U-Net inspired architectures for left ventricle segmentation from cardiac MRI data. We performed our experiments on the 2017 ACDC segmentation challenge dataset. Our results show that the performance of U-Net architectures is better when trained in the SegAN framework than when trained stand-alone. The mean Dice scores achieved for three different U-Net architectures trained in the SegAN framework was on the order of 93.62%, 92.49% and 94.57%, showing a significant improvement over their Dice scores following stand-alone training - 92.58%, 91.46% and 93.81%, respectively.
Differential Cardiac Contractile and Diastolic Responses Underlie Sex Differences in Right Ventricular Response to Pressure Overload

Introduction In HFpEF as well as PAH, men are more likely than women to develop RV dysfunction and die from right heart failure. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these sex differences are not well understood. Some animal studies of ischemic left heart disease have suggested that sex differences in NO signaling confer cardioprotection upon females. Others have shown sex differences in left ventricular expression of NP vs NOS systems. Hypothesis We hypothesized that differential NO- vs NP- cGMP signaling within the RV underlie sex differences in its response to pressure overload. Methods Adult male and female C57BL6/J mice were subjected to pulmonary artery banding (PAB, 25gauge) vs thoracotomy (Sham) for 9 wks. Serial echocardiography was performed at 3wk intervals. Histologic and morphometric analyses, as well as RV pressure-volume loop recordings were performed. Right ventricular expression of Nppa, Nppb, Npr1, Npr2, Npr3,Gucy1a3, Gucy1b3 were assessed. Survival analysis was also performed. Results While survival post-PAB were similar between males and females (log-rank HR 2.49, 95% CI 0.488-12.66, p=0.92), time-to-death was 25.5±4.37 days vs 42 days in PAB-M vs PAB-F, respectively. For both sexes, PAB induced increase in RV mass (Fulton's index 0.47±0.03 PAB-M vs 0.29±0.01 Sham-M, p Conclusions Compared to females, males have worse RV contractile and diastolic responses to pressure overload, independent of hypertrophic and fibrotic remodeling. While transcript levels of several cGMP signaling proteins are higher in males, further studies are needed to elucidate the role of these sex differences in RV dysfunction.
Sexy Like Us: Expanding Notions of Disability and Sexuality Through Burlesque Performance

People with disabilities often have their sexuality denied or dismissed in mainstream culture, which prohibits disabled bodies from being considered sexy bodies. The article explores how burlesque ...
Histologic comparison of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor-induced psoriasis and psoriasis vulgaris.

Background Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi)–induced psoriasis is a paradoxic reaction characterized by the development of a psoriasiform rash that mimics idiopathic psoriasis subtypes both clinically and histologically. Few studies have investigated the histologic features of TNFi-induced psoriasis skin lesions, and most of these are limited by inclusion of few specimens. Objective We aimed to characterize histologic features of TNFi-induced psoriasis and identify histologic differences between TNFi-induced psoriasis and idiopathic psoriasis. Methods We characterized 60 biopsy specimens obtained from 47 unique patients at a single tertiary care referral center between 2004 and 2016 who developed TNFi-induced psoriasis, and we compared histologic features to those of 85 biopsy specimens from a control group of 85 patients with idiopathic psoriasis. Results The most common histologic reaction pattern in TNFi-induced psoriasis biopsy specimens was psoriasiform (80.0%). Five histologic parameters were significantly different in TNFi-induced psoriasis biopsy specimens compared with idiopathic psoriasis biopsy specimens: at least 3 dermal eosinophils per histologic section, neutrophils in the stratum corneum, neutrophils in the epidermis, papillary plate thinning, and absence of parakeratosis. Limitations Inability to exclude lesion selection bias as a potential reason for some significant histologic differences. Conclusions This study supports the idea that histologic differences exist between TNFi-induced psoriasis and idiopathic psoriasis may help distinguish between these conditions, especially for dermal eosinophil counts of 3 or greater.
Mitotic retention of H3K27 acetylation promotes rapid topological and transcriptional resetting of stem cell-related genes and enhancers upon G1 entry

The identity of dividing cells is challenged during mitosis, as transcription is halted and chromatin architecture drastically altered. How cell type-specific gene expression and genomic organization are faithfully reset upon G1 entry in daughter cells remains elusive. To address this issue, we characterized at a genome-wide scale the dynamic transcriptional and architectural resetting of mouse pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) upon mitotic exit. This revealed distinct patterns of transcriptional reactivation with rapid induction of stem cell genes and their enhancers, a more gradual recovery of metabolic and cell cycle genes, and a weak and transient activation of lineage-specific genes only during G1. Topological reorganization also occurred in an asynchronous manner and associated with the levels and kinetics of transcriptional reactivation. Chromatin interactions around active promoters and enhancers, and particularly super enhancers, reformed at a faster rate than CTCF/Cohesin-bound structural loops. Interestingly, regions with mitotic retention of the active histone mark H3K27ac and/or specific DNA binding factors showed faster transcriptional and architectural resetting, and chemical inhibition of H3K27 acetylation specifically during mitosis abrogated rapid reactivation of H3K27ac-bookmarked genes. Finally, we observed a contact between the promoter of an endoderm master regulator, Gata6, and a novel enhancer which was preestablished in PSCs and preserved during mitosis. Our study provides an integrative map of the topological and transcriptional changes that lead to the resetting of pluripotent stem cell identity during mitotic exit, and reveals distinct patterns and features that balance the dual requirements for self-renewal and differentiation.
Clinical Implications of the Submental and Sublingual Arteries in Relation to the Mylohyoid Boutonnière

ObjectiveMylohyoid musculature may be included in the submental artery flap to protect perforators. However, blood vessels may pass through the mylohyoid muscle and therefore cause bleeding and ris...
La consciencia de la voz adulta en el cómic: transiciones estéticas y miradas políticas

Los jovenes autores espanoles que vivieron la Transicion, fueron conscientes de la fuerza que tenia su mirada creativa y de que estaban en un periodo de transformacion y cambio del genero. Este ens...
Differential Centrifugation to Enrich Bacterial Ribonucleoprotein Bodies (BR bodies) from Caulobacter crescentus.

Summary Bacterial RNP bodies (BR bodies) contain the mRNA decay machinery, but the collection of associated RNAs and proteins are poorly defined. Here, we present a protocol for the rapid differential centrifugation-based enrichment of BR bodies from Caulobacter crescentus cells. As native BR bodies are highly labile and dissociate by degrading internal mRNAs, an active site mutant of RNase E, which blocks dissolution of BR bodies, allows BR-body stabilization during enrichment. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Al-Husini et al. (2020 ).
Injection of iodoacetic acid into pre-rigor bovine muscle simulates dark cutting conditions.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop an in situ model for dark cutting beef. Iodoacetic acid (IAA) was injected at different concentrations (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, or 10 μmol/g of muscle) into pre-rigor bovine longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle samples, and pH and color were evaluated over a 48 h period. Injection of IAA blunted muscle pH decline and lowered lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values (P ≤ 0.05) in a concentration dependent fashion. In a follow-up study, LTL muscle samples were injected with 5 μmol IAA/g of muscle to test whether IAA maintains its effect over a 336 h post-mortem storage period. In addition to inhibiting pH decline and decreasing color values, IAA increased LTL muscle water holding capacity (WHC) and firmness (P ≤ 0.05) throughout the 336 h post-mortem storage period. Collectively, these data suggest that pre-rigor injection of IAA generates beef with dark cutting-like characteristics.