cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Semiconductor-laser dynamics beyond the rate-equation approximation

The dynamic response of semiconductor lasers and amplifiers is usually modeled by a set of three rate equations that govern the dynamics of the injected carrier density, the intracavity average photon density and the associated optical phase. The rate equations are reasonably accurate in the picosecond regime, provided that the intraband scattering effects, leading to physical phenomena such as earner heating and spectral hole-burning, are included through the gain and index nonlinearities.1 The rate-equation approximation becomes questionable for time scales shorter than 10 ps and completely breaks down in the femtosecond regime. The microscopic Bloch equations have been used to study the femtosecond dynamics of semiconductor lasers and amplifiers.2 However, the complexity of such equations and the extensive computation required for their solution often make their use impractical.
Characterization of Electroactive Cs Ion-Exchange Materials using XAS

Various ion exchange materials have been proposed for the removal of Cs from high level waste streams produced during the reprocessing of fuel rods. Cs can be released from loaded traditional exchange resins by elution and then the resin can be reused. However large quantities of secondary wastes are generated. Another class of “single use” exchangers is directly incorporated in the loaded state into a solid waste form (e.g. borosilicate glass logs). A third alternative is electroactive ion-exchange materials, where the uptake and elution of Cs are controlled by an applied potential. This approach has several advantages over traditional reusable ion-exchange resins including much reduced secondary waste, higher Cs selectivity, and higher durability. XAS experiments were conducted at the Fe K-edge and Cs L m -edge on a series of electrochemically produced nickel ferrocyanide films to determine the effects of deposition conditions and subsequent alkali exchange on structural and chemical aspects of the films. The deposition conditions include methods described in the literature and PNNL proprietary procedures. Although the performance and the durability of the films do vary with processing conditions, Fe K-edge EXAFS results indicate that all deposition conditions result in the. formation of the cubic phase. Initial results from Cs L m -edge EXAFS analysis suggest that the Cs ion is present as a hydrated species.
Women and HIV: An expanded perspective.

HIV preys on the vulnerable. Testing is crucial. Pre-exposure prophlyaxis is an attractive concept but an incomplete solution.
The Effects of Individual-Role Compatibility Upon Group Performance: An Extension of Schutz's FIRO Theory

This study investigates the effects of differential degrees of compatibility between group members' personalities and the behavioral requirements of their roles in the group's decision-making struc...
Assessment of Cognitive Function Prior to and After Implantation of Left Ventricular Assist Device

s S165 not discharged after LVAD to either home or rehab (in hospital death = 27, other facility = 8, unknown = 5) were excluded from the analysis. Results: Of the 263 patients included in the analysis, the mean age was 57 years (+/14) and 200 (81.6%) were male. The discharge locations after LVAD implant were the following: home-116 (44.1%), IRF-79 (30.0%), SNF-68 (25.9%). Risk factors for requiring a rehabilitation facility after LVAD included older age, destination therapy status, lower INTERMACS score and a lower albumin at the time of implantation (Table). Despite markers of severe illness at the time of implant, discharge to a rehabilitation unit was not statistically associated with increased mortality in the final adjusted model (HR 0.89, 95 % 0.48-1.67). Conclusion: In this analysis, > 50% of patients required admission to a rehabilitation facility, either IRF or SNF, following LVAD implantation. Although patients who required a rehabilitation facility generally had higher medical acuity at implant, survival was comparable to those who were discharged home, emphasizing the need for quality rehabilitation services in this subset of LVAD patients. Pre-LVAD Clinical Characteristics by Discharge Location Variable Home (n= 116) IRF (n= 79) SNF (n= 68) p-value Age (mean ± SD) 52 ± 14 63 ± 11 60 ± 14 < 0.001 Male 76.6% 87.7% 83.1% 0.16 BMI 29.1 ± 5.5 27.6 ± 5.6 28.6 ± 5.5 0.22 BTT 93.1% 70.9% 62.7% < 0.001 INTERMACS (med, IQR) 4 (3,5) 4 (2,5) 3 (2,5) < 0.05 Diabetes 29.5% 42.5% 45.3% 0.071 Hypertension 33.3% 67.1% 40.6% < 0.001 CAD 50.0% 68.4% 58.8% < 0.05 COPD 9.5% 11.4% 17.7% 0.25 Albumin (med, IQR) 3.0 (2.6, 3.6) 2.7 (2.3, 3.1) 2.7 (2.4, 3.2) < 0.001 Hemoglobin (med, IQR) 11.7(10.2,13.1) 11.1(9.7, 2.9) 11.1(9.5,12.8) 0.16 Creatinine (med, IQR) 1.16(0.93, 1.57) 1.14(0.97,1.57) 1.16(0.94,1.52) 0.98 Bilirubin (med, IQR) 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) 1.2 (0.8, 2.0) 1.0 (0.6, 2.0) = 0.05 Prior Sternotomy 33.3% 40.0% 29.2% 0.48
Study on the Developing Train of Thought Concerning the Industry of Renewable Energy on the Basis of PTF Supporting System

The trend to develop the low carbon economy is bringing good opportunity for the industry of renewable energy.In order to clean up all sorts of obstacles that hindering the development of the industry of renewable energy,PTF supporting system must be established from technology,policy and financing.A set of reliable supporting systems is necessary for the development of the industry of renewable energy.
Decision-Making of Power Grid DC De-icing Plan Based on Weighted Average Combinative Evaluation

It is the problem to be urgently solved for dispatching personnels how to draw up reasonable DC ice-melting scheme for transmission lines while power grid suffers a calamity of wide-range icing and freezing disaster. For this reason, a sorting and evaluating indicator of transmission line DC ice-melting is proposed to identify the ice-melting urgency degree of transmission lines. In the proposed indicator, the importance of transmission line, the real-time ice-coating rate and predictive ice-coating increase rate are attribute factors, and the weight of each attribute factor is determined by weighted average combinatorial evaluation method. On this basis, combining with the characteristics of transmission line DC ice-melting, a decision-making method for DC ice-melting plan of transmission network is proposed, by which the transmission lines urgently to be de-iced can be preferentially settled under the constraints. Application cases in Guizhou power grid validate that the proposed method is effective and feasible.
The preparation of clindamycin phosphate liposome

[Objective] To prepare clindamycin phosphate liposome, and to determine the entrapment efficiency and particle diameter of it. [Methods] Clindamycin phosphate liposome was prepared by evaporating and ultrasound method, to determine the entrapment efficiency of Hydroquinone liposome by HPLC and the average particle diameter by laser particle size analyser. [Results] Using orthogonal design, the preparation technology of liposome and the prescription was: phospholipid: cholesterin 5∶1, ultrasound time was 6min, evaporating temperature was 35℃; phospholipids: Clindamycin: 5∶3; phospholipids: trehalose: 2∶1. Clindamycin Phosphate had a good linear relation in a range of 5.0~50.0 μg/mL. The entrapment efficiency of clindamycin phosphate liposome in three groups reached 52.26%, 50.13% and 53.75% respectively. [Conclusion] The technique of preparing clindamycin phosphate liposome is feasible and the method of quality control is simple and accurate.
Analysis on etiological monitoring results of bacillary dysentery in Changping from 2006 to 2008

Objective:To investigate the distribution and drug-resistant characteristic of bacillary dysentery pathogen flora in Changping District from 2006 to 2008 to provide the scientific basis for making measures to control and prevent bacillary dysentery.Methods:According to the National Bacillary Dysentery Monitoring Scheme′ demand.Results:From 2006 to 2008 in Changping District,the main Shigella was group D Shigella sonnei which accounted for 53.16%;Secondary was group B Shigella flexneri which accounted for 43.04%;group A Shigella dysenteriae were 2 strains,accounting for 2.53%;group C Shigella boydii was 1 strain,accounting for 1.27%.The main serological subtype of group B Shigella flexneri was F4,accounting for 41.18%;followed by F1 subtype,accounting for 20.59%;F2 and the x subtype were 6 strains,accounting for 17.65%.The result of drug sensitivity was that: Shigella flexneri was sensitive to cefazolin,cefotaxime,gentamicin,levofloxacin,etc;Shigella sonnei was sensitive to ofloxacin,levofloxacin,norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,amoxicillin,cefazolin,cefotaxime,etc;but it was resistant to nalidixic acid,ampicillin,tetracycline,trimethoprim and sulphame-thoxazole,etc.Conclusion:The group D Shigella sonnei replaced the group B Shigella flexneri;the F4 and F1 subtype of group B Shigella flexneri replaced the 2a subtype and became the new popular serotype;the drug resistant spectrum of Shigella in Changping district was same as the other district in Beijing,but it had the local features.So in clinical practice,we should chose the reasonable antibiotics based on the local drug sensitivity test results.
Analysis on Drug-resistant Strains of 268 TB Patients with Initial Treatment in Shijiazhuang City

[Objective]To understand drug-resistance and influencing factors of tuberculosis (TB) patients with initial treatment in Shijiazhuang City during 2004—2008,and provide evidence for developing control measures.[Methods]A total of 744 samples of sputum from TB patients with initial treatment were collected for identification of bacteria and resistance test of 5 kinds of antituberculotics (INH、RFP、EMB、PAS、SM). [Results]Of 744 samples of sputum culture-positive,the average resistance rate was 36.02%,multi-drug resistance rate was 11.69%; the drug-resistance of 5 kinds TB drugs were H(21.25%),R(20.02%),S(19.62%),E (11.29%),P (10.48%). The main drug-resistance mode was resistance to single drug or to 2 kinds of drug (57.84%). The differences of resistance between genders or between age groups were not significant (P0.05). The peak age of TB patients with drug resistance was 20~39 years old.[Conclusion] Strengthening medical anti-cooperation,adopting DOTS management,and standardizing chemotherapy plan are effective ways to reduce drug resistance.
Energy-efficient optical Network-on-Chip architecture for heterogeneous multicores

We propose an optical crossbar-based dual-ring Network-on-Chip architecture that connects the last level caches with both CPU and GPU cores to reduce network latency and improve energy-efficiency. Our simulation results show a 17% throughput improvement and a 36% energy reduction over a comparable electronic network.
Will disease heterogeneity help define treatment paradigms for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma? A global perspective.

Overview:Cancers of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract form a heterogeneous group of diseases for which treatment paradigms for localized disease continue to emerge. Recently, several phase III ...
Work-up and treatment planning for head and neck cancer. A multi-modality approach.

The work-up of any patient with cancer in the head and neck area reveals that each is unique. Treatment planning must respect this. A “team” that embodies the attributes of such a group is necessary to uncover the multitude of facts, to formulate a plan of management, and to carry out treatment successfully.
Postscript: planning urban geographies and the contested rationalities of city-making

ABSTRACTUrban space is produced through material enactments performed by situated actors whose practices follow a determinative logic – a rationality – that links specific means to specific ends. The three papers in this special issue explore the divergent, contested, contingent, and relational character of rationalities through which urban geographies are produced on the ground.
Household Time Budgets

This chapter establishes the quantitative base for studying the trade-off between work and leisure by analysing the household budget of time in detail. It is an analysis of how much time people spend working, travelling to work, eating and sleeping, and how much time they have for leisure after work and on their days off. In particular, a substantial part of the analysis deals with sex differences. It will be seen that time pressures weigh very heavily on Soviet citizens. This is especially true for women whose options on a daily basis are extremely limited because of their dual roles as worker and homemaker. This information is collected using a standard methodology that has been used for a long time in the Soviet Union: simply asking people how much time they devote to each of these activities and viewing the results as the household’s or individual’s time budget. These time budget studies represent the West’s primary source of knowledge on how Soviet citizens spend their lives.
Patient and caregiver view on seizure detection devices: A survey study.

Abstract Purpose Seizure detection devices (SDD) may reduce the potential for seizure-related injury, SUDEP or status epilepticus. We performed a survey of persons with epilepsy (PWE) and caregivers to assess their perspectives regarding the features and priorities that should be considered in the design of these devices. Methods PWE/caregiver completed a survey which assessed the worry of undetected seizures, the impact of this concern on diurnal functioning/sleep and the level of interest in using SDD. Furthermore, questions regarding acceptable rates of false positive (FP)/negative (FN) alarms, acceptable time to generate an alarm and insurance coverage were asked. Results 92 surveys were completed. Respondents expressed significant worry of undetected seizures. The impact of this concern on sleep and diurnal functioning was moderate. There is significant interest in using SDDs. Most would use SDD constantly. The acceptable FP-FN rate should be ⿤25%. The time until caregivers are alerted should be ⿤1min. Regarding affordability, the majority would not use SDD unless covered by insurance and a few would use if not covered but affordable. Conclusions The concern of undetected seizures is high among PWE and caregivers. Most expressed a high interest in using SDDs. Accuracy and affordability were key.
Teaching population health: using the classroom as a bridge to the community.

Dear SirIn the United States, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has begun shifting high-quality care to populations. Consequently, academic health centers must complete regular Community Health Needs A...
Brain controlled robotic platform using steady state visual evoked potentials acquired by EEG

This paper describes a capstone design project by four undergraduate students (first four authors listed in alphabetical order by last name). A noninvasive brain computer interface (BCI) based on the steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has been developed and utilized in controlling an iRobot platform remotely in real-time closed-loop fashion using video feedback from the robot's eye view to the operator over the internet. The operator selects commands by focusing gaze on one of four flickering checkerboards surrounding the video feedback window in order to navigate the robot as desired. The intended/desired control commands are sent to a laptop controlling the iRobot platform via remote wireless connection. Naive subjects are able to control and navigate the robot via the designed interface with minimal practice and classifier calibration. Typical command selection accuracy is over 95% within 4 seconds of the desired transition; most subjects are able to achieve such high accuracies with a 1 second delay.
Celestial Masters: History and Ritual in Early Daoist Communities

Terry Kleeman's book on Celestial Master Daoism offers the most comprehensive examination of early religious Daoism that emerged in the second century ce. While this may not be the first study of t...
Study of defects in polycrystalline CdTe using DLTS

The defect distribution of polycrystalline Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) deposited by Close Spaced Sublimation (CSS) is investigated using Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS). CdTe solar cells were fabricated with different post deposition processing, such as CdCl2 heat treatment (HT) and Cu doping. The devices were characterized by standard Current-Voltage (JV) and Capacitance-Voltage (CV) measurements. DLTS measurements identified peaks corresponding to minority carrier electron traps with an activation energy between 0.26 eV to 0.48 eV The intensity and position of the peaks were found to be dependent on CdCl2 HT and the level of Cu doping. A number of majority and minority carrier traps were observed in cells processed with higher than optimal Cu concentration. The presence of deep defects in untreated and Cu doped samples were indicative of low minority carrier lifetime on those cases.
Performance of Image Matching in the Computational Anatomy Gateway: CPU and GPU Implementations in OpenCL

The Computational Anatomy Gateway is a software as a service tool that provides tools for analysis of structural MRI to the neuroimaging community by calculating diffeomorphic mappings between a user's data and well characterized atlas images. These tools include automatic parcellation of brain images into labeled regions, described by dense 3D arrays; and shape analysis of regions described by triangulated surfaces, for hypothesis testing in specific populations. We have developed mapping techniques that combine the benefits of working with triangulated surfaces with those of working with dense images, and have been working toward uniting these two tools: to automatically perform shape analysis on each segmented subcortical structure simultaneously.In this work we investigate the performance of our algorithm across a wide range of input data, examining the effect of number of voxels in 3D images, number of vertices in triangulated surfaces, and number of structures being mapped onto simultaneously. Further, we investigate the performance of our OpenCL code implemented in two different environments: the Intel OpenCL environment on a CPU, and the CUDA OpenCL environment on a GPU.We identify a range of inputs, generally smaller datasets, for which the CPU out performs the GPU. Finally we show the feasibility of mapping onto all the human gray matter subcortical structures simultaneously, and discuss our strategy for extending to higher resolution images and more labeled structures in mouse brain imaging at the micrometer scale.
Intangible assets on the balance sheet and audit fees

This study empirically examines how auditors view intangible assets that are recorded on the balance sheet. Intangible assets have been rising on corporate balance sheets and are growing in importance. In contrast to tangible assets, intangible assets pose unique challenges to auditors in terms judgment and complexity. The study uses a sample of COMPUSTAT firms over the period 2010-2015. The results show that auditors charge higher fees for firms with higher proportion of intangible assets on the balance. This result holds for all intangible assets, goodwill type intangible assets, and intangible assets other than goodwill. For firms with high book to market ratios these results are stronger indicating that potential impairment concerns lead auditors to charge even higher fees for such firms. A variety of sensitivity tests are conducted to verify the robustness of the results. These results are of interest to investors, regulators, firm managers, corporate boards, and auditors.
Constrained eigenfilter allpass design for photonic systems

We present a least squares based allpass filter design with a prescribed maximum pole magnitude constraint suitable for photonic systems. The constraint comes from the physical limitations of realizing digital filters using photonic components, and must be addressed in the designing phase. We develop our design algorithm following the eigenfilter approach for allpass filters. The constraint is formulated using the Argument Principle and modified to match the eigenfilter objective function. An iterative approach is then employed to obtain the filter coefficients that best satisfy both the objective function and the constraint. Our algorithm will be ideal for yielding allpass filters suitable for narrowband designs that are common to the optical domain. Examples relevant to filtering in the optical frequency range are subsequently demonstrated. Physical origins of the pole magnitude constraints are also briefly explained.
Some results on stability of stochastic dynamical systems

Abstract In this brief survey, we are concerned with the problem of stability of differential equations with randomly fluctuating parameters. Even for this specific problem, we can cover only a small portion of the available results. The increased interest on this topic has generated a vast literature. Thus, we can only touch upon a few of the significant results and techniques. We distinguish between stochastic equations with Gaussian white noise coefficients, and stochastic equations with (non-white) physical noise coefficients. We discuss a few problems for which results are available, but complete answers have not been forthcoming as yet. We treat, mainly, stochastic ordinary differential equations. However, we have also included a brief discussion of stochastic functional equations as well as discrete time stochastic equations. Functional equations are of interest in applications to materials with memory and to control of complex multicomponent structures. Discrete time equations are of interest as on-line computer models of identification algorithms.
Neurocounseling: Promoting Human Growth and Development Throughout the Life Span

Professional counselors must understand both psychological and neurological factors that impact human development across the life span. Despite an emerging body of literature about neurocounseling, little is known about how to integrate this information into supervision or the counseling curriculum. This article provides an overview of neuroscience topics applicable to professional counselors and recommendations for learning about neurocounseling.
Ground based hyperspectral imaging of urban emissions

We report on an eight-day campaign using a longwave hyperspectral imager in NYC to observe an 8km profile of the city along the west side of Manhattan Island, from One World Trade Center to Central Park. Images were taken at roughly 3-minute intervals in 128 spectral bands from 7.4 to 13.2 microns. Results presented highlight the potential that spectroscopic imaging offers for studying both solid surface analysis and gaseous emissions in an urban landscape. The instrument we used in this experiment was originally designed for airborne applications, but has been adapted for ground-based measurements [3] and data presented here are the results of the first ground based, urban application of such an instrument. In the 8-day campaign carried out in April, 2015, we observed Manhattan's West Side in 128 spectral bands spanning 7.6 to 13.4 microns. We collected more than 15,500 data cubes at cadences from 10 seconds to 3 minutes, yielding detailed views in space, time, and composition. The analysis of those data cubes revealed the emission, transport, and dispersion of plumes of 10 different gaseous species, as well as allowed for the simultaneous thermal analysis (emissivity, surface temperatures, HVAC operations) of more than 400 buildings and other physical infrastructure.
Polyphenol phytochemicals induced antiproliferation and redifferentiation in thyroid cancer cell lines.

5463 Thyroid carcinogenesis accompanies progressive loss of thyroid-specific differentiated functions. Some thyroid cancers are or become dedifferentiated and they become refractory to efficacy-proven conventional therapies such as radioiodine ablation therapy and TSH-suppressive therapy. Redifferentiation therapy by redifferentiating agent may retard tumor growth and make tumors respond to conventional therapies. Natural polyphenol phytochemicals that can be found in fruit have reported to inhibit cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. And some of these chemicals not only displays in-vitro and in-vivo growth inhibition, but also induces redifferentiation in several types of human cancers. So we examined whether polyphenol phytochemicals could induce antiproliferation and differentiation in F9 embryonal carcinoma cell line (established differentiation model), furthermore whether polyphenol phytochemicals could induce antiproliferation and redifferentiation in thyroid cancer cell lines. In F9 embryonal carcinoma cell line, polyphenol phytochmicals; resveratrol, resorcinol, genistein, quercetin, kaempferol were administered. MTT assay and differentiation assay (laminin B1, tissue plasminogen activator(tPA), collagen type IV RT-PCR) were performed. All of these chemicals dose-dependently decreased tumor proliferation. Of these, resveratrol, genistein, quercetin were more effective and increased differentiation marker laminin B1, tPA, collagen type IV mRNA in F9 cell. In thyroid cancer cell lines; NPA, TPC-1, ARO, FRO, resveratrol, genistein, quercetin dose-dependently decreased tumor proliferation in MTT assay. In NPA, FRO thyroid cancer cell lines, resveratrol, genistein, quercetin decreased expression of dediffenetiation marker CD97 mRNA. Polyphenol phytochemicals; resveratrol, genistein, quercetin induced antiproliferation in TPC-1, NPA, FRO, ARO thyroid cancer cell lines and redifferentiation in NPA, FRO thyroid cancer cell lines. More investigations need to be done to document whether these polyphenol phytochemicals might be effective agents for patients with dedifferentiated thyroid cancers.
Behrens-Fisher's distribution for selecting differentially expressed genes

Microarray expression experiments allow the recording of expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. These experiments primarily consists of either monitoring a gene multiple times under many conditions or evaluating each gene in a single environment but in different tissue types. In the two-sample microarray expression, the variance of the expression levels in control and treatment conditions are generally different due to the nature and response of the mRNA at the different conditions. Some of the genes might have the same variance but most of the genes have both mean and variance altered. In this paper we have proposed the Bayesian version of t-test that assumes the different variances in control and treatment groups. The efficiency of new method is demonstrated by simulation results. This method is easy to implement and give the better power compared to its equal variance counterpart and the SAM.
Integrated Behavioral Health Care

Integrating behavioral health and primary care represents a significant transformation in the way that health care is conceptualized and delivered and is often an essential part of care for patients with chronic disease. This movement has grown over the past two decades due to recognition that a fragmented system of care, where the care of the body and the mind are artificially separated, was not meeting the needs of patients. There are a multitude of ways that practices have integrated behavioral health care including co-located care, consultation models involving telepsychiatry or web-based services, and team-based collaborative care. In developing an integrated behavioral health service, practices need to consider their mission and vision, staffing and training, workflow and care pathways, workspace design, billing issues, and the use of data to drive practice and improvement. Integrating behavioral health has been shown to improve mental health and physical health outcomes, improve patient and provider experience, reduce health-care disparities, and reduce health-care costs. The current evidence base has demonstrated substantial promise that integrated care will play a critical role in achieving the quadruple aim of better health, better patient experience, lower costs, and improved physician experience.
Chemical modification of protein A chromatography ligands with polyethylene glycol. I: Effects on IgG adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and transport.

Abstract Chemical modification of Protein A (ProA) chromatography ligands with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) has been proposed as a strategy to increase the process selectivity and resin robustness by providing the ligand with a steric repulsion barrier against non-specific binding. This article comprises a comprehensive study of IgG adsorption and transport in Repligen CaptivA PriMAB resin with PEGylated ProA ligands that are modified using 5.2 and 21.5 kDa PEG chains. We studied the impact of the molecular weight of the PEG as well as the extent of PEGylation for the 5.2 kDa PEG modification. In all cases, PEGylation of ProA ligands decreases the resin average pore size, particle porosity, and static binding capacity for IgG proportional to the volume of conjugated PEG in the resin. Resin batch uptake experiments conducted in bulk via a stirred-tank system and with individual resin particles under confocal laser scanning microscopy suggests that PEGylation introduces heterogeneity into IgG binding kinetics: a fraction of the IgG binding sites are transformed from typical fast association kinetic behavior to slow kinetic behavior. pH gradient elution experiments of an IgG molecule on the modified resins show an increase in IgG elution pH for all modified resins, implying a decrease in IgG-ProA binding affinity on modification. Despite losses in static binding capacity for all resins with PEGylated ligands, the loss of dynamic binding capacity at 10% breakthrough (DBC10%) ranged more broadly from almost 0–47% depending on the PEG molecular weight and the extent of PEGylation. Minimal losses in DBC10% were observed with a low extent of PEGylation with a smaller molecular weight PEG, while higher losses were observed at higher extents of PEGylation and with higher molecular weight PEG due to decreased static binding capacity and increased mass transfer resistance. This work provides insight into the practical implications for resin performance if PEGylation is considered as a strategy for selectivity enhancement in affinity chromatography with macromolecular ligands.
Abiotic Stresses Modulate Landscape of Poplar Transcriptome via Alternative Splicing, Differential Intron Retention, and Isoform Ratio Switching

Abiotic stresses affect plant physiology, development, growth, and alter pre-mRNA splicing. Western poplar is a model woody tree and a potential bioenergy feedstock. To investigate the extent of stress-regulated alternative splicing (AS), we conducted an in-depth survey of leaf, root, and stem xylem transcriptomes under drought, salt, or temperature stress. Analysis of approximately one billion of genome-aligned RNA-Seq reads from tissue- or stress-specific libraries revealed over fifteen millions of novel splice junctions. Transcript models supported by both RNA-Seq and single molecule isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) data revealed a broad array of novel stress- and/or tissue-specific isoforms. Analysis of Iso-Seq data also resulted in the discovery of 15,087 novel transcribed regions of which 164 show AS. Our findings demonstrate that abiotic stresses profoundly perturb transcript isoform profiles and trigger widespread intron retention (IR) events. Stress treatments often increased or decreased retention of specific introns - a phenomenon described here as differential intron retention (DIR). Many differentially retained introns were regulated in a stress- and/or tissue-specific manner. A subset of transcripts harboring super stress-responsive DIR events showed persisting fluctuations in the degree of IR across all treatments and tissue types. To investigate coordinated dynamics of intron-containing transcripts in the study we quantified absolute copy number of isoforms of two conserved transcription factors (TFs) using Droplet Digital PCR. This case study suggests that stress treatments can be associated with coordinated switches in relative ratios between fully spliced and intron-retaining isoforms and may play a role in adjusting transcriptome to abiotic stresses.
Interdisciplinary Contributions to Marketing Thought

In this volume, we explore cross-disciplinary contributions to marketing knowledge. Examples are drawn from four related areas: a) management; b) art & design; c) electronic commerce & retailing; and d) psychology & consumer behavior. Traditionally, retailing and consumer behavior may be treated as sub-areas of marketing, rather than being viewed as disciplines in their own right. Here, the opposite view is adopted. In general, there is a focus on identifying knowledge that originates in other disciplines and then flows to marketing. Future studies may want to examine knowledge flows that occur in the opposite direction.
Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX Middleware '08 Conference Companion

Following the success of past conferences in this series in 1998, 2000-01 and 2003-07, the 9th International Middleware Conference in Leuven, Belgium attracted papers from a broad international research community and with a focus on a wide variety of key topics. This year, a Middleware'08 Companion was produced to collect a broad set of research results from four complementary perspectives: (a) industry papers, which focus on applicability in a realistic (business) context, (b) work in progress papers, which discuss early but highly promising results, (c) posters that present a research project or a position statement, and (d) demonstrations of finished work that discuss lessons learned. For each of the four tracks, paper selection was based on the paper's technical merit, originality, projected impact on the field, and pertinence to the scope of each track. The work in progress papers have been selected among those submitted to the main conference and signaled by the program committee members as particularly promising although relatively young. Each paper was reviewed by at least two reviewers; 32 papers were accepted for publication (4 papers from the Industrial Track, 5 papers from the Work in Progress Track, 16 Posters, and 7 Demonstrations).
Molecular Engineering of Lamellar Solids. I. Principles Derived from the Pillaring of Smectite Clays

This paper summarizes the major factors influencing the pillaring of ionic lamellar solids. Smectite clays are very readily pillared owing to their relatively low layer charge density, ability to be swollen by water, and the transverse rigidity of the layers. The latter factor often is overlooked in strategies aimed at the pillaring of a layered host.
Restraint Economics and the New Right: A Structural Analysis of the Political Economy of Social Services Cutbacks

Restraint by government in the area of social service spending in the 1980's has become an issue of grave concern for social service practitioners, planners, and administrators. The emergence in North America of neo-conservative economic policies has engendered a body of critical and provocative literature which examines the effects of "res-
Fusion proteins containing the starch-binding domains of glucoamylase and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase

18 INTRODUCTION 19 MATERIALS AND METHODS 21 Materials 21 Preparation of the Fusion Protein 22 Adsorption and Elution of Crude BSB119 from Starch 23 Readsorption of BSB119 24 Specificity of the SBD 24 Analytical Techniques 25 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 27 Purification and Characterization of the Crude BSB119 27 Elution of BSB119 from Starch 34 Readsorption of BSB119 38 Specificity of the SBD 38 CONCLUSIONS 40 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 41
The Future of the Aviation Industry In the Pacific Rim

The Pacific Rim is on the threshold of an extended period of extraordinary economic growth. As a result, the aerospace industry will also experience growth demands unprecedented in history. International, regional, and freight traffic are dramatically increasing. New airports are being built while old ones are expanded and renovated. This has led to a sharp growth in the aerospace manufacturing industry and an increase in the technical training being conducted to support it. Extensive opportanities exist today and in the future to assist in the expansion.
Influence of bottom depths and bottom types on water surface reflectance

Two flow irradiance model solutions are tested using various bottom depths and hyperspectral in-situ bottom reflectance signatures for Elkhorn Coral, Bleached Reef, Sand, Sand and Seagrass, and Turtle Grass. Bottom reflectance signatures are used to simulate a water surface reflectance signatures from analytical solutions that can account for the effect of a collimated irradiance signal or direct sunlight within the water column. Simulated reflectance signatures are generated as a function of depth and wavelength in an optically clear water column and a turbid estuarine water column containing concentrations of chlorophyll-a, seston, and dissolved organic material. Simulated surface reflectance signatures as a function of water depth are then used to predict bottom reflectance signatures. Comparison of in-situ bottom reflectance signatures to simulated bottom reflectance signatures predicts model depth sensitivity at a 95% confidence level. Spectral window solutions for water column depths are detected for bottom types and estuarine type water column concentrations. Model can be coupled with bathymetry and high resolution water surface sensor derived reflectance signatures to monitor or map bottom variations for surveillance, environmental monitoring, fishing, or dredging applications in coastal waters or very shallow estuarine waters.
Ability of Eelgrass to Alter Oyster Growth and Physiology Is Spatially Limited and Offset by Increasing Predation Risk

Marine foundation species have strong effects on sympatric species, but the strength may vary along environmental gradients. Climate change is shifting the distribution and magnitude of environmental gradients, making identification of when and where foundation species effects occur necessary for effective management. We reviewed existing work to identify expected mechanisms by which seagrass affect suspension feeding bivalves, then tested whether these effects shifted across estuarine conditions for two species of oysters (native Ostrea lurida and non-native Crassostrea gigas) grown in and out of eelgrass (Zostera marina) at six estuarine sites in Washington state. Hypothesized mechanisms of eelgrass influence include reduced predation pressure, reduced or altered food availability, and amelioration of environmental (pH) stress. We analyzed oyster survival, shell and tissue growth, shell strength, and stable isotope (SI) and fatty acid (FA) biomarkers. Oyster survival was > 20% lower in eelgrass at lower-estuary sites, but not up-estuary sites. Both species grew faster in eelgrass at one low-estuary (higher pH) site, but not elsewhere. Shell strength in eelgrass increased by 21.1% for native but decreased by 12.6% for non-native oysters. FA and SI biomarkers only differed in eelgrass at one site but correlated significantly to growth among individuals. No measurement showed a consistent response to eelgrass across estuarine conditions and taxa, and responses were often opposite of expectations based on published literature. These results have important implications for management and restoration of oysters in areas with eelgrass.
Complete Genome Sequence of a USA100 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain

ABSTRACT We report the genome sequence of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain, isolated from a surgical intensive care unit. This completely closed genome of a USA100 isolate contains a major chromosome and a plasmid and will serve as a reference genome for genetic analysis of MRSA strains.
Change in Proportion of Days Covered for Statins Following Implementation of a Pharmacy Student Adherence Outreach Program.

BACKGROUND: Nearly half of statin users discontinue therapy within the first year of treatment. Nonadherence to statin therapy may lead to an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseas...
Linking ITCZ Migrations to the AMOC and North Atlantic/Pacific SST Decadal Variability

AbstractWe examine the link between migrations in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), Atlantic multidecadal variability ...
Identities, Contradictions, and Intersections: Feminist Mentorship and Leadership in Academe

AbstractIn this narrative, I describe my development as a feminist mentor and leader in academe. I explore the impacts of both my privileged and marginalized identities throughout my career; the fe...
High Frequency Transformer Core Loss Analysis in Isolated Modular Multilevel DC-DC Converter for MVDC Application

An Isolated Modular Multilevel DC-DC Converter (iM2DC) operating with Phase Shifted - Square Wave Modulation (PS-SWM) featuring reduced passive components and low Total Device Rating (TDR) for MVDC applications is presented here, and the effect of the PS-SWM modulation scheme on high frequency (HF) transformer core loss is analyzed. A down-scaled iM2DC prototype is built with a 1:1 transformer and it is proved that the transformer losses are not affected by the staircase shaped voltage of the PS-SWM modulation. The transformer core loss is analytically found equal to the core loss obtained with pure square wave voltage excitation with 50% duty ratio. This simplifies the HF transformer design and optimization process for this application. The core loss is experimentally measured and validated.
Toward a Comprehensive Model of Snow Crystal Growth: 6. Ice Attachment Kinetics near -5 C

I examine a variety of snow crystal growth measurements taken at a temperature of -5 C, as a function of supersaturation, background gas pressure, and crystal morphology. Both plate-like and columnar prismatic forms are observed under different conditions at this temperature, along with a diverse collection of complex dendritic structures. The observations can all be reasonably understood using a single comprehensive physical model for the basal and prism attachment kinetics, together with particle diffusion of water vapor through the surrounding medium and other well-understood physical processes. A critical model feature is structure-dependent attachment kinetics (SDAK), for which the molecular attachment kinetics on a faceted surface depend strongly on the nearby mesoscopic structure of the crystal.
Analysis of the effect about tubularized urethral plate disassembly for one-stage midshaft epispadias repair in infant

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of tabularized urethral plate disassembly for epispadias repair in infant. Methods From January 2016 to September 2018, 10 boys aged between 18 to 36 months old with mishaft epispadias were included. The main complaint was that the urethral opening was found on the dorsal side of the penis. Preoperative cystography revealed that 3 of them had unilateral vesicoureteral reflux (Grade Ⅰ), and white blood cells in routine urinary in all 10 patients were negative. Physical examination: the penis is short and flat, the width is 17-25 mm, average is 20.7 mm, the penis curvature is 15°-30°, average is 21.5°, and the urethral opening located on the dorsal side of the penis. The anesthesia method was selected for tracheal intubation, intravenous anesthesia combined with caudal anesthesia, and the surgical position was supine position. The surgical method: one stage of tabularized urethral plate disassembly urethroplasty: during the operation, the penile curve was corrected by free urethral plate and penile degloving. Two of them were unsatisfied with the correction of the curvature, and the ventral tunica folded was applicate. To avoid urethral plate ischemia, attention should pay to blood supply protection. The two corpus cavernosum are separated in the root, and the urethra is completely displaced to the ventral side of the cavernous body. The ventral side of the urethral under glans is shaped into a fissured that conforms to the anatomy. The prognosis and surgical choice of the midshaft epispadias were discussed combined with literature. Result The operation time was 130-200 min with an average of 157 mins. Intraoperative hemorrhage 5-30 ml, average is 16 ml, 1 case of glans skin was black one day after surgery, with enhanced dressing change. After 1 month, the glans was local atrophy and scar formation. No skin incision infection case. After discharge from the hospital, the follow up through the internet and outpatients for 3-40 months, average is 21 months, 2 cases with urethral fistula, more surgery to repair the fistula successfully after 6 months. The penile curvature was corrected in 8 cases, and the residual curvature of 2 cases was about 10-15°, which was temporarily observed. Patients with unilateral vesicoureteral reflux preoperatively, they still suffered from vesicoureteral reflux in the 6-12 months regular review after surgery without any intervention due to white blood cell was negative in urine routine. All cases had urinary patency and no cases with urethral stricture. Conclusion Tubularized urethral plate disassembly is a effective and simple procedure that can correct the midshaft epispadias in infant. Key words: Epispadias; Prognosis; Penis
The effect of lithologic heterogeneity on diffusive methane migration in hydrate systems

Abstract Short-range diffusive gas migration has been proposed as a means of supplying methane to coarse-grained, hydrate-bearing sediments. In this scenario, methane is generated microbially in fine-grained sediments and moves diffusively into adjacent coarse-grained sediments due to a dissolved methane concentration gradient caused by pore size contrasts. Previous work has shown that short-range diffusion is sufficient to supply thin, isolated sands ( 1 m thickness) with enough methane to achieve high hydrate saturations ( > 80 % ) in systems with a high ratio of clay to sand. Several notable hydrate reservoirs such as those encountered at Daini-Atsumi Knoll in the Nankai Trough, and Walker Ridge Block 313 and Green Canyon Block 955 in the Gulf of Mexico exhibit tens of meters of alternating sand/silt and clay layers that are decimeters in thickness. The coarse-grained layers in these settings are typically filled with hydrate to saturations exceeding 80 % . While short-range diffusion is capable of filling thin, isolated sands with hydrate, thicker sands within more heterogeneous systems require mechanisms other than, or in addition to, short-range diffusion. Using 1-D numerical simulations, we demonstrate that short-range diffusive migration of microbial methane is insufficient for reaching consistently high hydrate saturations in such systems. This work shows that a different mechanism for gas transport, such as advective migration, is necessary to achieve these observed hydrate saturations in layered systems.