cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring for Resistance to Oreganophosphorus, Carbamate, and Cyclodiene Insecticides in Tobacco Budworm Adults (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

A glass vial bioassay procedure was used to monitor insecticide resistance to oregano phosphorus, carbamate, and cyclodiene insecticides in field populations of adult male tobacco bud worm, Heliothis virescens (F.). These tests indicated that resistance was present in field populations in Texas, Arkansas, and Mississippi in 1992 and 1993. Diagnostic concentrations needed to distinguish susceptible tobacco bud worms from those that were heterozygous and homozygous for resistance were as follows: profenofos (10 µg per vial), methomyl (1 µg per vial), and endosulfan (1 µg per vial). The seasonal pattern of resistance was similar for all insecticides in that relative proportions of resistant genotypes peaked in mid season and declined late in the season. The occurrence of resistance was higher in 1992 than in 1993. The data presented suggest that resistance management is possible with these insecticides just as it is with pyrethroids and strategies to manage resistance should involve conservative use of all classes of insecticides for tobacco bud worm control.
Understanding Treatment Experiences of Long-Term Users of Antidepressant Medications

within the period 1-Oct-2011 to 29-Feb-2012 in several countries in five regions; Western, Northern and Eastern Europe, North and South America and Australia. Pregnant women and women with a child aged %1 year were eligible to participate. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The study was approved by the relevant Ethics Boards in each country, whenever applicable. Preliminary Results: In total, 9,459 women were included, whereof 6,941 (73.4%) had experienced nausea during pregnancy. Both the prevalence of nausea and its treatment varied between regions. Of these women, 1,913 (27.6%) had used some form of treatment against nausea. Conventional medicines were used against nausea by 1,274 (18.4%) of the women, and herbal medicines by 568 (8.2%) women. Region of residence and folic acid use are factors that were significantly associated with use of treatment in general, and also with use of both conventional and herbal medicines. However, the factors’ influence varied according to type of treatment. Compared to untreated women both users of conventional and herbal medicines showed significant differences according to beliefs about medicines. Women who had nausea did also show a high burden of co-morbidity. Preliminary Conclusions: Regional differences of both the extent of nausea and its treatment were identified. Users of conventional or herbal medicines both differed from untreated women with regard to region of residence, folic acid use and beliefs about medicines. Understanding these factors could form an International basis for treatment strategies.
Processing of Chromium Silicide-Silicon Carbide Nanostructured Composite by Thermal Conversion of Spray Dried Precursor Powders

A new group of nanostructured composites with chromium silicide and silicon carbide has been developed. These composite powders which are about 20–40 run in size were prepared by the chemical synthesis route and were characterized by UV, DTA/TGA, XRD, FTTR and SEM. Chemical reaction and phase formation versus the processing temperatures have been investigated and discussed. The particle size and the lattice parameter of the synthesized composite have been found to be dependent on the processing temperatures. A possible reaction mechanism of the nanostructured silicon oxide to silicon carbide is proposed.
E-Administration Development in Panyu

Through research and practice of E-administration construction in practical work, the present writer suggests that E-administration construction must have government reform as its core, and an initial model and the development objective of E-administration construction in Panyu is suggested. Government should make good use of information technology to improve its service and administration efficiency.
Qualitative Investigation to the College Student's Mental Health Problem of Private Higher Learning Institution

In the past few years,measuring scale is the main important mean,which is used to investigate the mental health of the private higher learning institution's students.This article tries to observe the private higher learning institution's students at short range,with the method of qualitative investigation in more than one year.It probes the general private college student's mental health problems,lucubrates the unusual situation about the sufferer with serious mental problems,and constructs homologous countermeasure to the interrelated problem.
Regulation of lineage-specific transcription of the sucrase-isomaltase gene in transgenic mice and cell lines

Sucrase-isomaltase (SI), a gene expressed exclusively in absorptive enterocytes, was used to examine the molecular mechanisms that regulate cell-specific gene expression in the intestinal epithelium. Transgenic mice were made with a construct containing nucleotides -8,500 to +54 of the mouse SI gene linked to a human growth hormone reporter gene. In adult transgenic animals, high-level transgene expression was limited to the small intestine, with low levels of ectopic expression in the colon. In contrast to the endogenous gene that is expressed only in enterocytes, the transgene was expressed in all four cell lineages, including enterocytes, enteroendocrine, goblet, and Paneth cells. To examine this process of lineage-specific expression further we studied Caco-2 and COLO DM cell lines, which model enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells, respectively. Reminiscent of results in transgenic animals, only Caco-2 cells transcribed the endogenous SI gene, whereas both Caco-2 and COLO DM cells supported transcription from chimeric SI reporter gene constructs. Taken together, these data suggest that each intestinal cell lineage has the cellular machinery to transcribe the SI gene. Moreover, these findings imply that transcription is normally repressed in nonenterocytic cells, possibly via a transcriptional silencer residing outside of the region of the SI gene examined in these studies.
My Cousin, My Enemy: quasispecies suppression of drug resistance

If a freshly minted genome contains a mutation that confers drug resistance, will it be selected in the presence of the drug? Not necessarily. During viral infections, newly synthesized viral genomes occupy the same cells as parent and other progeny genomes. If the antiviral target is chosen so that the drug-resistant progeny's growth is dominantly inhibited by the drug-susceptible members of its intracellular family, its outgrowth can be suppressed. Precedent for 'dominant drug targeting' as a deliberate approach to suppress the outgrowth of inhibitor-resistant viruses has been established for envelope variants of vesicular stomatitis virus and for capsid variants of poliovirus and dengue virus. Small molecules that stabilize oligomeric assemblages are a promising means to an unfit family to destroy the effectiveness of a newborn drug-resistant relative due to the co-assembly of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant monomers.
Role of Crosslinking in Fiber Formation

The synthesis of elastin by smooth muscle cells is demonstrated by amino acid analyses and the presence of lysine-derived crosslinks. The data reveal that the ratio of allysine to aldol decreases with time in culture. The presence of insoluble elastin correlates well with the presence of the reduced aldol condensate in these cells. If the formation of the desmosines occurs by the condensation of the aldol and dehyrolysino-norleucine, the presence of the latter may be rate-limiting since the cells display little or no dehydrolysinonor-leucine.
Multi-criteria inventory classification approach to inventory control based on maximum value criteria normalisation method: a weightless perspective

Effective inventory management is crucial to responsive supply chains. ABC inventory classification is an effective approach to stratifying stock-keeping units, according to classes based on a single criterion or multiple criteria. In this paper, we proposed an equal-weight, rapidly deployable model for inventory classification based on simple criteria transformation, which is a linear transformation of the criteria values. The model is quick and easy to develop and effective in classifying inventory. A pairwise correlation comparison shows the proposed model to be significantly positively correlated with most of the existing models compared. The proposed model also shows better performance, in terms of hits, than most of the models compared. This research also provides practitioners and managers with a model substitutability table by comparing model correlation or class hits.
Uncertainty and variability in atmospheric formation of PFCAs from fluorotelomer precursors

Abstract. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are environmental contaminants that are highly persistent, bio-accumulative, and have been detected along with their atmospheric precursors far from emissions sources. The importance of precursor emissions as an indirect source of PFCAs to the environment is uncertain. Modeling studies have used degradation mechanisms of differing complexities to estimate the atmospheric production of PFCAs, and these differing mechanisms lead to quantitatively different yields of PFCAs under differing atmospheric conditions. We evaluate PFCA formation with the most complete degradation mechanism to date, to our knowledge, using a box model analysis to simulate the atmospheric chemical fate of fluorotelomer precursors to long-chain PFCAs. In particular, we examine the variability in PFCA formation in different chemical environments, and estimate the uncertainty in PFCA formation due to reaction rate constants. We calculate long-chain PFCA formation theoretical maximum yields for the degradation of fluorotelomer precursor species at a representative sample of atmospheric conditions from a three-dimensional chemical transport model, and estimate uncertainties in such calculations for urban, ocean, and Arctic conditions using polynomial chaos methods. We find that atmospheric conditions farther from pollution sources have both higher capacities to form long-chain PFCAs and higher uncertainties in those capacities. Our calculations of theoretical maximum yields indicate that under typical Northern Hemisphere conditions, less than 10 % of emitted precursor may reach long-chain PFCA end products. This results in a possible upper bound of 2–50 t year−1 of long-chain PFCA (depending on quantity of emitted precursor) produced in the atmosphere via degradation of fluorotelomer products. However, transport to high-yield areas could result in higher yields. While the atmosphere is a potentially growing source of long-chain PFCAs in the Arctic, oceanic transport and interactions between the atmosphere and ocean may be relatively more important pathways to the Arctic for long-chain PFCAs.
Resolving gas temperature distributions with single-beam dual-comb absorption spectroscopy

We assess the potential to resolve line-of-sight gas temperature distributions with single-beam, broadband, dual-comb absorption spectroscopy. The technique shows promise for single-optical-port, spatially-resolved temperature diagnostics for harsh environments.
Identification and characterization of Botrytis fragariae isolates on strawberry in the United States

Gray mold is a devastating disease on strawberry, and may be caused by several species of Botrytis. The goal of this study was to better understand and characterize the species of Botrytis with reduced sensitivity to the fungicide Polyoxin D, particularly Botrytis fragariae. In total, 78 Botrytis isolates of unknown species that were sensitive (28 isolates; S), moderately sensitive (22 isolates; MS), or reduced sensitive (28 isolates; RS) to Polyoxin-D were collected from commercial strawberry fields of five states in the United States, identified to the species level, and characterized. The majority (75%) of S isolates were Botrytis cinerea and the majority (79%) of RS isolates were the recently described species B. fragariae, indicating an innate ability of B. fragariae to tolerate Polyoxin-D. B. fragariae produced fluffy, white mycelium and was less likely to sporulate on potato dextrose agar than B. cinerea. Isolates from a commercial field recovered from blossoms in early spring were all B. fragariae, those from leaves of the same plants in late spring were a mixture of B. fragariae and B. cinerea, and those from fruit in early summer were all B. cinerea, indicating that B. fragariae may preferentially colonize blossom tissue. A polymerase chain reaction-based assay was developed based on NEP2 sequence variability to distinguish B. fragariae from other Botrytis spp. that have been reported on strawberry, including B. cinerea, B. mali, B. caroliniana, and B. ricini. None of the isolates collected from Canada, California, or North Carolina nurseries were B. fragariae, indicating that the newly described species may not exist or not be widely distributed in planting stock.
Can Molecular Genetic Evidence Influence Jurors’ Perceptions of a Defendant? Results From a Randomized Experiment:

Despite increases in genetic evidence being used as mitigating or aggravating factors in criminal cases, few studies have examined whether evidence of a defendant’s genotype influences legal decisi...
Current Evidence on the Evaluation and Management of Fever Without a Source in Infants Aged 0-90 Days: A Review.

Background Despite development of risk stratification tools decades ago, the best strategy for evaluation and management of young infants with fever without a clear source remains uncertain. Objective To describe the variability in current practice and review recently published evidence in three key areas: inflammatory markers were used as a tool for risk stratification, impact of viral testing, and optimal observation time on antibiotics. Method Articles were identified using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and via experts. Abstracts were screened and potential articles underwent full review if they focused on febrile infants 0- 90 days with fever without a source and outcomes for key topics. Results Thirty-two articles were included. Recent studies show that variability exists for most aspects of evaluation and management. C reactive protein and procalcitonin (PCT) perform poorly for identification of serious bacterial infections (SBIs). However, PCT has good diagnostic accuracy for detection of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs), such as bacteremia and meningitis. When PCT is combined with urinalysis and clinical appearance in the Step-by-Step method, the sensitivity for detection of IBI is 92% for infants g 21 days of age. Infants with lab-confirmed viral infection were found to have reduced risk for SBI. Blood culture yield for true pathogens was the highest in the first 12-36 hours after incubation. Conclusion Recent studies suggest viral testing and inflammatory markers (specifically PCT) can help better stratify young febrile infants at risk for IBIs. Infants who are deemed low risk may benefit from shorter observation times and tailored or discontinued antibiotic therapy.
The Formative Spirituality of John Punshon (1935–2017)

John Punshon has been one of the premier Quaker historians and spokes-persons over the last four decades. Serving as Quaker Tutor at Woodbrooke, Visiting Professor of Quaker Studies at George Fox University, and the first Geraldine Leatherock Chair of Quaker Studies at the Earlham School of Religion, John Punshon has contributed greatly to present historical and theological understandings of the Quaker movement, and he will be greatly missed. From his childhood experiences in a local church whilst living with his grandparents during the War to his education at Oxford, his public and political service and his development into a leading interpreter of Quaker history, faith, and practice, his own reflections, shared at Milton Keynes Friends Meeting in 2003, provide a basis for understanding the origins of his thought and convictions as represented more extensively in his writings and spoken ministries. He will be greatly missed, but his contributions extend beyond the boundaries of space and time.
Neighborhood activities and motherhood: Gendering the systemic model of community

Abstract Kasarda and Janowitz’s (1974) systemic model emphasizes community as a system of kinship and friendship ties driven by on-going processes of socialization. The emphasis on socialization is particularly germane to gender, specifically parenting and motherhood, but little research has unpacked neighborhood activities and gender. Drawing on qualitative data from a neighborhood in Albuquerque, New Mexico, I demonstrate that motherhood was central to women’s participation in neighborhood activities, use of neighborhood space, and neighborhood expectations. This paper adds to understandings of community by incorporating gender as relevant for examining neighborhood dynamics and highlighting how women experience their neighborhood as mothers.
Treatment of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in the Elderly

We seek to explain how the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) should differ in certain geriatric patients. Our goal is to provide primary care physicians with a comprehensive methodology for approaching the evaluation and management of these patients. Recent retrospective studies have revealed that the rates of aggressive surgical treatment of NMSCs are equivalent in non-age restricted and geriatric populations, including those with limited life expectancy. Geriatric patients have higher rates of post-operative complications without affecting disease specific survival. These studies suggest that we must carefully consider how we counsel and treat elderly patients with NMSC. There are many surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities for NMSC that offer varying cure rates. Given the non-lethal nature of many of these tumors, active surveillance is another viable treatment alternative especially in patients with limited life expectancy. Ultimately, we must engage in shared decision-making with our patients to develop treatment plans that best align with each patient’s overall goals of care.
Patient Perspectives on Switching from Infliximab to Infliximab‐dyyb in Patients with Rheumatologic Diseases in the United States

Objective The introduction of biosimilars for rheumatologic diseases (RDs) has provided a potentially lower-cost therapy compared with their bio-originator products; however, adoption of biosimilars may be challenged by patient perceptions. The objective of this study was to describe patients' perspectives of switching from infliximab to infliximab-dyyb. Methods This was a survey of adult patients with RDs who qualified for switching from infliximab to infliximab-dyyb therapy between September 1 2017 and January 31 2018. Verbal consent was obtained prior to administration of a telephone survey. Survey questions were focused on the safety, efficacy, and knowledge of biosimilar therapy. Results A total of 108 patients were identified with 52 (48%) patients consenting to study participation. Forty (77%) and 12 (23%) patients reported switching and not switching, respectively, to infliximab-dyyb. Regarding disease control, most respondents (80%) were satisfied to very satisfied with the switch to infliximab-dyyb. Major concerns reported for switching included not knowing enough about the medication (38%), potential side effects (35%), and loss of disease activity control (35%). Conclusion Overall, patients reported satisfaction with switching from infliximab to infliximab-dyyb, but concerns regarding safety and efficacy were expressed. Patient involvement in the switching decision-making process may allay concerns and enhance biosimilar uptake.
YAP inhibition enhances the differentiation of functional stem cell-derived insulin-producing β cells.

Stem cell-derived insulin-producing beta cells (SC-β) offer an inexhaustible supply of functional β cells for cell replacement therapies and disease modeling for diabetes. While successful directed differentiation protocols for this cell type have been described, the mechanisms controlling its differentiation and function are not fully understood. Here we report that the Hippo pathway controls the proliferation and specification of pancreatic progenitors into the endocrine lineage. Downregulation of YAP, an effector of the pathway, enhances endocrine progenitor differentiation and the generation of SC-β cells with improved insulin secretion. A chemical inhibitor of YAP acts as an inducer of endocrine differentiation and reduces the presence of proliferative progenitor cells. Conversely, sustained activation of YAP results in impaired differentiation, blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and increased proliferation of SC-β cells. Together these results support a role for YAP in controlling the self-renewal and differentiation balance of pancreatic progenitors and limiting endocrine differentiation in vitro. Pluripotent stem cells can be directed into insulin-producing beta cells in vitro. Here, the authors show that downregulation of YAP, an effector of the Hippo pathway, enhances endocrine progenitor differentiation and the generation of beta-cells with improved insulin secretion.
Is Obstructive Apnea More Severe in Syndromic Than Nonsyndromic Patients With Robin Sequence

Purpose Patients with syndromic Robin sequence (RS) are known to have poorer outcomes from operations to relieve obstructive apnea (OA) compared with those with nonsyndromic RS. The reason for this is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare OA in unoperated syndromic and nonsyndromic patients with RS. We hypothesized that the syndromic group wouldhave more severe OA and that this could explain the inferior operative results. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with RS at Boston Children's Hospital from 1994-2018. Patients with at least 1 polysomnogram (PSG) before any airway operation were included. Patients were separated into syndromic and nonsyndromic groups. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) measured from PSGs was the primary outcome variable. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were calculated, and statistical significance was set at P Results The study sample included 79 patients: 44 in the syndromic group (56%) and 35 in the nonsyndromic group (44%). The mean age at PSG was 7.4 ± 10.2 months, and 56% were female patients. The mean AHIs for the syndromic and nonsyndromic groups were not statistically significantly different: 11.9 ± 20.6 and 12.5 ± 13.9, respectively (P = .839). Among patients who underwent both an airway operation (tongue-lip adhesion, mandibular distraction, or tracheostomy) and a postoperative PSG (n = 42), the mean postoperative AHI was 5.7 ± 15.7 for the syndromic group (74% decrease, n = 20) and 1.3 ± 2.2 for the nonsyndromic group (92% decrease, n = 22, P = .038). Conclusions In unoperated patients with RS, there is no significant difference in the severity of OA between syndromic and nonsyndromic patients. The inferior results seen after operations to relieve OA in syndromic patients may be a result of other factors related to the syndromic diagnosis rather than the level of preoperative OA.
Incidence, Treatment Patterns, and Outcomes of Histiocytic Disorders in the United States: A Forty-Year Population Study

Background Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an orphan disease of clonal dendritic cells, which can affect any organ of the body. There is paucity of data on treatment patterns and outcomes of adult LCH pts, who are usually treated with pediatric-based therapies. No prospective clinical trial has been conducted to date to identify optimal therapeutic strategies in adult LCH. Uncertainty of the natural history of LCH in adults including its pathogenesis, treatment patterns, and outcomes have limited development of novel treatments. Here, we used the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) to describe the epidemiology of LCH, trends in treatment practices over time, and survival outcomes over a forty-year period. Methods All 18 registries of SEER covering a period from 1973 to 2014 was used to assemble LCH cohort. LCH cases included in the study had a diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis or LCH (unifocal, multifocal, disseminated, or not otherwise specified). Descriptive data on incidence, demographics, and treatment were collected. Relative survival (RS) was stratified by 5-year (yr) time increments, four age groups [ 60 yrs - elderly], and treatment type was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups using the log-rank test. As LCH pts tend to live longer, we calculated RS probabilities, which compares survival in the pt cohort with the expected survival of the general population having the same characteristics with respect to age, sex, race, and calendar period. Survival probabilities were calculated using the SEER Survival System (SEER*Stat). RS estimates (proportion of cancer pts surviving for a specified period) were calculated by the life table method. Analysis was performed using SEER*Stat. Results A total of 1480 LCH pts were identified who met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 55% were male, 82% Caucasians, and 58% of cases were diagnosed in the pediatric age group (age Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first population based study to examine treatment and survival trends in histiocytic disorders, which remain rare and poorly characterized. Notable observations from this study show no relative survival benefit with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery indicating these treatments were mainly to control local or systemic disease. As such, novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve outcomes. Although this study shows consistent survival gains since 1973, this is likely due to improvements in supportive care practices. Unfortunately, outcomes in the elderly are dismal compared to pediatric pts. While pts with histiocytic disorders generally have a long duration of remission, we demonstrate that they are at risk for second cancers, particularly hematologic malignancies. Disclosures Gerds: Incyte: Consultancy; CTI BioPharma: Consultancy. Advani: Takeda/ Millenium: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy. Sekeres: Celgene: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.
Supertransferred Hyperfine Interaction: Perturbed Angular Correlation of Cd 1 1 1 m in KNi F 3 , KCo F 3 , and RbMn F 3

The perturbed angular correlation of $^{111m}\mathrm{Cd}$ in antiferromagnetic KNi${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, KCo${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, and RbMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ has been observed. The Cd hyperfine fields are interpreted to yield fractional spin densities of the Co-F and Mn-F bonds, ${f}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}=2.6$ and 3.8%, respectively. The latter value disagrees with neutron diffraction values.
Simulation in Regional Anesthesia

There is a growing emphasis on the use of simulation in regional anesthesia. Simulation provides an opportunity for trainees to gain repetitive procedural practice in the performance of nerve blocks and exposure to uncommon clinical situations while eliminating potential harm to patients. Part task trainers, both inorganic and organic, are commonly used to improve coordination and tactile skills with respect to the art of needling. High-fidelity simulation further allows trainees exposure to uncommon clinical scenarios (i.e., local anesthetic systemic toxicity) and to practice crisis resource management skills in a multidisciplinary setting. There is ongoing investigation into the use of simulation for both formative and summative assessment in regional anesthesia. Moreover, the uniform environment of simulation also allows for the evaluation of novel techniques and equipment.
Synthetic Entry to the 2-Azatricyclo[4.3.2.04,9]undecane Ring System via Tropone.

A synthesis of the 2-azatricyclo[4.3.2.04,9]undecane ring system—a hitherto unreported bridged azatricyclic ring system—beginning from tricarbonyl(tropone)iron and allylamine was accomplished in three steps: (1) aza-Michael addition of allylamine to tricarbonyl(tropone)iron; (2) Boc-protection of the resulting secondary amine; and (3) oxidative demetallation leading to a spontaneous intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction. The effect of a variety of parameters on the intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction was investigated, including diene and dienophile substitution patterns and dienophile tether length.
Implementation of a Low Cost Interfering Signal Cancellation Approach Based on a Fast Power Minimization Technique Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Generally, an adaptive array is utilized in combination with multitude of mixers, LOs and ADC circuits to identify the angle of arrival of a jamming signal. Then the weights of the adaptive array elements are adjusted to null a jamming signal. Alternatively, the received RF power is combined first and then rectified using a rectifying diode; then an inexpensive ADC circuit is utilized to monitor the power level and control the weighting blocks of the utilized array accordingly based on an efficient power minimization algorithm. Here, a particle swarm optimization technique is successfully used to search for optimum adaptive array weights and effectively place a null in the direction of the jamming signal with significantly low number of iterations. Results indicate better than 35 dB unwanted signal reduction.
Impala: Algorithm/Architecture Co-Design for In-Memory Multi-Stride Pattern Matching

High-throughput and concurrent processing of thousands of patterns on each byte of an input stream is critical for many applications with real-time processing needs, such as network intrusion detection, spam filters, virus scanners, and many more. The demand for accelerated pattern matching has motivated several recent in-memory accelerator architectures for automata processing, which is an efficient computation model for pattern matching. Our key observations are: (1) all these architectures are based on 8-bit symbol processing (derived from ASCII), and our analysis on a large set of real-world automata benchmarks reveals that the 8-bit processing dramatically underutilizes hardware resources, and (2) multi-stride symbol processing, a major source of throughput growth, is not explored in the existing in-memory solutions. This paper presents Impala, a multi-stride in-memory automata processing architecture by leveraging our observations. The key insight of our work is that transforming 8-bit processing to 4-bit processing exponentially reduces hardware resources for state-matching and improves resource utilization. This, in turn, brings the opportunity to have a denser design, and be able to utilize more memory columns to process multiple symbols per cycle with a linear increase in state-matching resources. Impala thus introduces three-fold area, throughput, and energy benefits at the expense of increased offline compilation time. Our empirical evaluations on a wide range of automata benchmarks reveal that Impala has on average 2.7X (up to 3.7X) higher throughput per unit area and 1.22X lower power consumption than Cache Automaton, which is the best performing prior work.
Cluster cross-over randomised trial of paediatric airway management devices in the simulation lab and operating room among paramedic students.

Objectives The objective of this study was to compare paediatric emergency airway management strategies in the simulation lab and operating room environments. Methods This was a two-part cluster cross-over randomised trial including simulation lab and operating room environments conducted between January 2017 and June 2018 in Portland, Oregon, USA. In simulated infant cardiac arrests, paramedic students placed an endotracheal tube, an i-gel or a laryngeal mask airway in random order. In the operating room, paramedic students placed a laryngeal mask airway or i-gel device in random order in sequential patients. The primary outcome for both portions of the study was time to ventilation. In the operating room portion, we also evaluated leak pressures and average initial tidal volumes. Results There were 58 paramedic students who participated in the simulation lab and 22 who participated in the operating room study. The mean time to airway placement in the simulation lab was 48.5 s for the i-gel, 68.9 s for the laryngeal mask and 129.5 s for the endotracheal tube. In the operating room, mean time to i-gel placement was 34.3 s with 45.2 s for the laryngeal mask. In multivariable analysis of the simulation study, the laryngeal mask and i-gel were significantly faster than the endotracheal tube, and the i-gel was faster than the laryngeal mask. In the operating room, there was no significant difference in time to placement, leak pressure and average volume of the first five breaths between the i-gel and laryngeal mask. Conclusions We found that paramedic students were able to place supraglottic devices rapidly with high success rates in simulation lab and operating room environments. Supraglottic devices, particularly the i-gel, were rated as easy to use. The i-gel may be easiest to use since it lacks an inflable cuff and requires fewer steps to place.
Annual Trends and Geographic Variation in the Utilization of Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Low Back Pain in the United States.

BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is increasing in the pediatric population. Advanced imaging, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, performed for LBP imposes significant costs with little benefit. We investigated annual trends and demographic and geographic variation in spinal imaging for first-time pediatric presenters with LBP in primary care clinics. METHODS We queried a private administrative claims database for patients presenting with LBP who underwent plain radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging from 2011 to 2017. We used a Cochrane Armitage test of trend to determine significant annual variation in diagnostic imaging utilization during the study period. The χ2 test was used to determine demographic and geographic variation. RESULTS The study included 67,423 patients with mean age 15.2 ± 3 years. There was no significant change in radiography (34.8% in 2011 vs. 35.5% in 2017, P = 0.795) or computed tomography (1.6% in 2011 vs. 1.1% in 2017, P = 0.073), but there was a significant increase in magnetic resonance imaging (3.3% in 2011 vs. 4.5% in 2017, P = 0.017). Overall, there was no significant change in total imaging use (P = 0.895). Boys had higher rates of imaging compared with girls (40.2% vs. 35.6%, P < 0.001). Imaging rates significantly varied between regions across the United States (P < 0.001). The Midwest had the highest imaging rates (41%), while the Northeast had the lowest rates (31%). CONCLUSIONS There was significant demographic and geographic variation but no significant annual change in total diagnostic spinal imaging for pediatric patients with LBP between 2011 and 2017, with rates of advanced imaging remaining relatively low.
Neuroprotective effects of a dendrimer-based glutamate carboxypeptidase inhibitor on superoxide dismutase transgenic mice after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

The result of a deprivation of oxygen and glucose to the brain, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), remains the most common cause of death and disability in human neonates globally and is mediated by glutamate toxicity and inflammation. We have previously shown that the enzyme glutamate carboxypeptidase (GCPII) is overexpressed in activated microglia in the presence of inflammation in fetal/newborn rabbit brain. We assessed the therapeutic utility of a GCPII enzyme inhibitor called 2-(3-Mercaptopropyl) pentanedioic acid (2MPPA) attached to a dendrimer (D-2MPPA), in order to target activated microglia in an experimental neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) model using superoxide dismutase transgenic (SOD) mice that are often more injured after hypoxia-ischemia than wildtype animals. SOD overexpressing and wild type (WT) mice underwent permanent ligation of the left common carotid artery followed by 50 min of asphyxiation (10% O2) to induce HI injury on postnatal day 9 (P9). Cy5-labeled dendrimers were administered to the mice at 6 h, 24 h or 72 h after HI and brains were evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis 24 h after the injection to visualize microglial localization and uptake over time. Expression of GCPII enzyme was analyzed in microglia 24 h after the HI injury. The expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed 24 h and 72 h post-HI. Brain damage was analyzed histologically 7 days post-HI in the three randomly assigned groups: control (C); hypoxic-ischemic (HI); and HI mice who received a single dose of D-2MPPA 6 h post-HI (HI+D-2MPPA). First, we found that GCPII was overexpressed in activated microglia 24 h after HI in the SOD overexpressing mice. Also, there was an increase in microglial activation 24 h after HI in the ipsilateral hippocampus which was most visible in the SOD+HI group. Dendrimers were mostly taken up by microglia by 24 h post-HI; uptake was more prominent in the SOD+HI mice than in the WT+HI. The inflammatory profile showed significant increase in expression of KC/GRO following injury in SOD mice compared to WT at 24 and 72 h. A greater and significant decrease in KC/GRO was seen in the SOD mice following treatment with D-2MPPA. Seven days after HI, D-2MPPA treatment decreased brain injury in the SOD+HI group, but not in WT+HI. This reduced damage was mainly seen in hippocampus and cortex. Our data indicate that the best time point to administer D-2MPPA is 6 h post-HI in order to suppress the expression of GCPII by 24 h after the damage since dendrimer localization in microglia is seen as early as 6 h with the peak of GCPII upregulation in activated microglia seen at 24 h post-HI. Ultimately, treatment with D-2MPPA at 6 h post-HI leads to a decrease in inflammatory profiles by 24 h and reduction in brain injury in the SOD overexpressing mice.
Heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of neodymia and samaria doped ceria

Abstract Doped ceria materials are ionic conductors currently under investigation for use in solid oxide fuel cells, catalysts, and other applications. We measured the heat capacity of several doped ceria samples from 1.8 K to 300 K to better understand their physical properties. The samples used in this study were either singly doped with Nd or Sm, or co-doped with both Nd and Sm. This work complements an earlier detailed study of their heats of formation and ionic conductivity. Here we provide the thermodynamic functions based on theoretical fits of our heat capacity measurements including Cp,m°, Δ0TSm°, Δ0THm°, and Φm°. We also detected splitting of nuclear magnetic states, which appeared as an upturn in the heat capacity below 10 K. We observed this phenomenon in all samples and provide calculations of the local magnetic field causing the splitting.
NT-FDS-A Noise Tolerant Fall Detection System Using Deep Learning on Wearable Devices.

Given the high prevalence and detrimental effects of unintentional falls in the elderly, fall detection has become a pertinent public concern. A Fall Detection System (FDS) gathers information from sensors to distinguish falls from routine activities in order to provide immediate medical assistance. Hence, the integrity of collected data becomes imperative. Presence of missing values in data, caused by unreliable data delivery, lossy sensors, local interference and synchronization disturbances and so forth, greatly hamper the credibility and usefulness of data making it unfit for reliable fall detection. This paper presents a noise tolerant FDS performing in presence of missing values in data. The work focuses on Deep Learning (DL) particularly Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with an underlying Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) stack to implement FDS based on wearable sensors. The proposed technique is evaluated on two publicly available datasets—SisFall and UP-Fall Detection. Our system produces an accuracy of 97.21% and 97.41%, sensitivity of 96.97% and 99.77% and specificity of 93.18% and 91.45% on SisFall and UP-Fall Detection respectively, thus outperforming the existing state of the art on these benchmark datasets. The resultant outcomes suggest that the ability of BiLSTM to retain long term dependencies from past and future make it an appropriate model choice to handle missing values for wearable fall detection systems.
Small- and Large-Signal Dynamic Output Capacitance and Energy Loss in GaN-on-Si Power HEMTs

The origin of ${C}_{{\mathrm {oss}}}$ and the energy dissipation due to output capacitance can be roughly separated into two types: resistive loss and capacitive hysteresis loss. The resistive losses are due to the resistance of gallium nitride (GaN) buffer layers and Si-substrate. These loss components can be potentially improved by reengineering the doping concentrations in the buffer stacks and substrate layer. However, the capacitive hysteresis loss that is suspected to be due to trapping dynamics remains largely unexplained. This article presents a physics view of the trapping dynamics related to ${C}_{{\mathrm {oss}}}$ in the GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) under small- and large-signal excitations. It is observed that, under large-signal excitation, traps with shallow energy levels (in the range of 0.5 eV above valence band) are mostly responsible for the charge imbalance and energy dissipation. Under small-signal conditions, deep traps with an energy level of around 0.98 eV from the valence band are the causes for the hysteresis at dc. By identifying dominating types of traps and relevant trap energy levels in GaN HEMT, we can gain important insights on how to optimize the device stack design for high-frequency applications.
Difference in Hospital Utilization Within the First 12 Months Among Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Medicaid Managed Care Versus Fee-for-Service: A Regression Discontinuity Study.

To examine the effect of Medicaid managed care (MMC) versus Medicaid fee-for-service (FFS) on emergency department (ED) use and hospitalization during the first 6 and 12 months of life among low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. We used the New York City Office of Vital Statistics—Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (OVS-SPARCS) dataset to identify 9135 LBW infants born to female Medicaid beneficiaries in New York City from January 2008–March 2012. We applied a robust regression discontinuity framework using a New York State Medicaid policy in effect at that time. This policy automatically enrolled infants born to female Medicaid beneficiaries to Medicaid managed care (MMC) or Medicaid fee-for-service (FFS) based on their birth weight (less than 1200 g vs. 1200–2500 g) during the first 6 months of their lives. LBW infants in MMC had an average 0.16% points higher probability of being hospitalized within the first year of their lives than those in Medicaid FFS (p-value = 0.04). More research is necessary to understand possible differences in healthcare utilization between MMC and FFS participants with high health risks.
Molecular Mimicry and Determinant Spreading

One of the most intensively studied animal models of autoimmunity is insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. This chapter considers how molecular mimicry, when viewed in the broader context of degeneracy of T-cell recognition specificity, provides a rationale for the existence of frequent autoimmunity. Whether the initiating event is a viral infection or inflammation at a site where APCs become ready to present and process self-antigens or foreign antigens efficiently, the commonality is the presentation of unusual, generally nondisplayed antigenic determinants to T cells which have evaded the mechanisms of self-tolerance induction. For autoimmunity to occur, it is absolutely necessary for the initiating response to expand. Accordingly, since so many T cells potentially can be addressed by a large diversity of ligands, it is clear that many, apparently redundant regulatory mechanisms must have evolved to ensure the sanctity of the self from errant breakaway clones. In the first decades of the 21st century investigators will need to define and learn to mobilize and maintain these regulators.
Inhibition of Mengo Virus by Interferon

Gauntt, Charles J. (The University of Texas, Austin), and Royce Z. Lockart, Jr. Inhibition of Mengo virus by interferon. J. Bacteriol. 91:176-182. 1966.-The inhibition of Mengo virus replication in L cells resulting from interferon was studied quantitatively. Interferon was titrated on L cells with Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus as the challenge virus. One protective unit (PU) of interferon is the least amount of interferon which prevents cytopathic effects when a large multiplicity of WEE virus is added subsequent to overnight incubation with interferon. Ten PU of interferon reduced the yields of Mengo virus by about 90%. Larger doses of interferon, up to 220 PU, caused no further reduction in the amount of virus produced. Plaque formation by Mengo virus was also reduced in number by about 85 to 90%, but could not be further reduced. The plaques which formed on interferon-treated cells were reduced in size. We were unable to obtain a virus population with increased resistance to interferon action by use of five successive growth cycles in interferon-treated cultures. Analysis of the cell population for the proportion of cells able to act as infectious centers revealed that incubation of cells with 10 PU of interferon decreased the proportion of virus-yielding cells by 80%. The yield of virus per virus-producing cell was decreased by 40 to 60%. Despite the reduction in yields, plaques, and infectious centers resulting from interferon, all doses of interferon failed to prevent the complete destruction of the cells. Experiments with puromycin indicated that the cytopathic effects observed in L cells infected with Mengo virus required that a virus-directed protein be synthesized between 4 and 5 hr postinfection. The evidence suggested, therefore, that the Mengo virus genome was able to code for new protein synthesis in the absence of the production of infectious virus.
Description of the BPX toroidal field coil support structure

The Burning Plasma Experiment (BPX) toroidal field (TF) coil design is based on a wedged inner leg support concept with the rear leg of each coil contained in a stainless-steel case. The cases are welded together to form a continuous structure that provides support for both in-plane and overturning forces. The 18 coils and cases are grouped into three coil modules to facilitate remote replacement in the event of a coil failure. The coils are a modified Bitter design with radially oriented flat plate conductors of high-performance, beryllium-copper. The coils are precooled with liquid nitrogen. The inner leg temperature rises to room temperature at the end of the pulse and approximately 1 h is required to cool down the coil after a full power pulse. An important consideration in the design is that the structure should be robust and use conventional materials. In addition to describing the structural design, the author discusses the applied loads, the design approach, and the fabrication sequence. >
New pulsed power technology for high current accelerators

Advances in solid-state modulators now permit the design of a new class of high current accelerators. These new accelerators will be able to operate in burst mode at frequencies of several MHz with unprecedented flexibility and precision in pulse format. These new modulators can drive accelerators to high average powers that far exceed those of any other technology and can be used to enable precision beam manipulations. New insulator technology combined with novel pulse forming lines and switching may enable the construction of a new type of high gradient, high current accelerator. The latest developments in these areas are reviewed.