cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compact low-cost high-sensitivity CMOS radar-on-chip integration for security applications

Based on the measurement results of a 5 GHz CMOS radar microchip, it is shown that low power CMOS radar-on-chip integration can have high detection sensitivity despite the large flicker noise and phase noise contributions around the signal of interest. Key technologies to further increase the detection sensitivity will be discussed, including software configured DC offset calibration, noise suppression using tunable baseband bandwidth limiter, and special receiver architecture for flicker noise reduction. The applications of low-cost high-sensitivity on-chip radar will be focused on surveillance and reconnaissance, sensing through-wall radar, ground penetration radar, border monitoring, and moving target detection.
Quantum Solvent and Solute Effects in the Infrared Vibrational Echo

The infrared echo measurement distinguishes among vibrational line broadening processes according to their time scales. Rigorous computation of the echo signal for a realistic model requires quantum dynamical calculations for large anharmonic systems. The challenges posed by such calculations motivate the use of classical mechanical or semiclassical approximations. The application of such approaches to compute the vibrational echo signal depends on the nature and magnitude of quantum effects on the echo observable. We quantify these effects for a generic model of an anharmonic oscillator coupled to a harmonic solvent in the regimes of classical solvent and classical solute, classical solvent and quantum solute, and quantum solvent and quantum solute.
`You're still sick!' Framing, footing, and participation in children's medical play

Building on foundational work in activity theory and cultural psychology, this article examines children's play to discern how biomedical practices and understandings of illness are negotiated, modeled, and reproduced among children dealing with a parent's cancer. Using discourse analytic methods, I analyze a videotaped playroom interaction involving three preschool-age girls, all of whom have a parent with cancer, and myself. The article employs notions of `frame' and `footing' (Bateson, 1972; Goffman, 1974) to illustrate fantasy and reality as overlapping and embedded frames of experience that organize children's playroom activities in distinctive ways. The shifting alignments and participation structures within the playroom environment illuminate the strategic ways in which children laminate personal experience onto the play frame. Through attention to children's talk and embodied action, I show how children key different interactional frames to expand the realm of epistemological and cognitive resourc...
A percutaneous swine model of myocardial infarction.

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to develop a percutaneous, low risk, and reproducible technique of MI that simulates human disease. Methods MI was induced in 44 swine (32.8 ± 7.2 kg) by percutaneous embolization coil deployment in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Hemodynamic measurements, left heart catheterization, and echocardiography were performed pre, post, and 30 days after MI. 3D NOGA viability mapping was performed at baseline and 30 days. Excised hearts were examined histologically. Results Pre-MI mortality was 6.8% and 24 h mortality was 13.6%. All pigs that survived 24 h after MI remained alive at 30 days. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 58.4% to 42.1% ( p p p Discussion This model of MI is reliable, reproducible, has a pathophysiology similar to humans, and a lower mortality and ventricular fibrillation rates compared to other models. This model may be used to evaluate the effects of pharmacologics, gene therapy, and stem cell transplantation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease as well as studying mechanisms of cardiac remodeling.
The psychosocial aspects of children exposed to war: practice and policy initiatives

The atrocities of war have detrimental effects on the development and mental health of children that have been documented since World War II. To date, a considerable amount of knowledge about various aspects of this problem has been accumulated, including the ways in which trauma impacts child mental health and development, as well as intervention techniques, and prevention methods. Considering the large populations of civilians that experience the trauma of war, it is timely to review existing literature, summarize approaches for helping war-affected children, and suggest future directions for research and policy.
Use of morphological, molecular markers and cytology to differentiate between closely related Gaura coccinea, G. drummondii for breeding purposes

Collection of wild species is critical to increase crop germplasm gene pools. Gaura coccinea has been identified as an important source of cold tolerance (winter hardiness) for hybridization with non-cold tolerant G. lindheimeri. Identification of species in the wild is often complicated by diagnostic, morphological characteristics that may not be present at the time of collection. G. drummondii, however, can be misidentified as G. coccinea even when using some diagnostic and quantitative traits. Therefore, additional methods of distinguishing between the species are needed. Fifteen populations of both G. coccinea and G. drummondii collected for potential breeding purposes in Texas, California, and Minnesota were used to identify species-specific molecular markers and morphological characteristics. A dendrogram based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers separated the genotypes into two groups, G. coccinea and G. drummondii. One unique RAPD marker was identified in all G. drummondii genotypes, but absent in G. coccinea. Dendrograms based on morphological data separated genotypes into three distinct groups: G. coccinea, G. drummondii, and G. sp. (393-1). Petal/sepal lengths and leaf width were smaller in G. coccinea, while fruit/stipe lengths were smaller in both G. coccinea and genotype 393-1. Cytological analysis of G. coccinea confirmed that most populations were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) with one hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) genotype from Texas (1000-1). G. drummondii were primarily tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28). Occasional triploids were found. These markers, along with screening for cold tolerance, will allow for accurate identification of G. coccinea genotypes for hybridization with G. lindheimeri.
Role of amyloid precursor protein (APP): study with antisense transfection of human neuroblastoma cells.

The function of amyloid precursor protein (APP) was investigated in human neuroblastoma La-N-1 cells by stable transfection with a DNA construct encoding antisense APP mRNA. Levels of APP mRNA, as well as proteins, were reduced by 80–90% in antisense APP transfected (ASAT) cells. ASAT cells exhibited three main features as a result of APP gene expression deprivation: (1) a 30% reduction in cell proliferation, (2) reduced cell adhesion that could be reversed by the addition of La-N-1 conditioned media as a source of secreted APP, and (3) a two- and four fold increase in neurite-bearing cells suggesting that; cellular APP may be involved in neurite extension. The first two features confirm previously reported functions for APP in proliferation and adhesion of non-neuronal cell types but the use of neuroblastoma cells in this study disclose a novel role for cellular APP in neurite extension.
Optical Logic Gates Using Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

Ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) compounds are investigated for use in optical parallel processing. Spatial light modulators using the smectic C phase FLC's show better contrast ratio, faster switching speeds, and lower cost than twisted nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulators. In this paper we present measurements of characteristic parameters of FLC's, and demonstrate a new optical logic gate capable of performing fourteen Boolean logic operations using single cell FLC devices with photographic masks as inputs. The XOR and XNOR Boolean functions can be achieved by cascading together several optical logic gates. Recent results using 32 x 32 FLC matrix arrays demonstrate an OR gate which has programmable inputs.
Mast Cell-Dependent Effector Pathways and Cutaneous Bullous Disorders

Serum antibodies directed against epidermal antigens have been detected in patients with pemphigus vulgaris [2] and bullous pemphigoid [15]. These observations led to the hypothesis that these cutaneous blistering disorders may be autoimmune diseases in which antibody and complement participate to mediate the development of clinical lesions. Recent observations suggest that mast cell-initiated effector pathways may at least play a role in the pathogenesis of one these diseases, bullous pemphigoid [29]. This chapter considers the possible role of the mast cell in cutaneous inflammatory bullous disorders and proposes an alternative hypothesis to an autoimmune etiology for bullous pemphigoid.
The role of European genetic admixture in the etiology of the insulin resistance syndrome in children: are the effects mediated by fat accumulation?

Objectives To evaluate the contribution of European genetic admixture (EUADM) to insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in a multiethnic sample of children age 7-12 years, and to explore whether body fat affects this relationship. Study design Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were assessed in 243 children. After an overnight fast, an intravenous glucose tolerance test was conducted, and measures of fasting insulin/glucose, lipids, insulin sensitivity (S I ), and acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) were obtained. The proportion of EUADM was determined by maximum likelihood estimation using 140 ancestry informative markers. Subjects were stratified into tertiles according to the proportion of EUADM for analyses. Subjects were categorized as lean or obese using body fat percentage cutpoints (25% in boys, 30% in girls). Results Among lean subjects (72%), the tertile representing the greatest proportion of EUADM was associated with higher S I ( P .001) and serum glucose ( P .05) and lower insulin ( P .05), AIRg ( P .001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = .05), and blood pressure ( P .05). However, among obese subjects, EUADM was associated only with S I ( P .05). Conclusions Our results suggest that population differences in IRS likely have a genetic component, but that the influence of genetic background may be masked by obesity.
Nucleoprotein changes during male pronuclear development as determined by the ammoniacal silver reaction

Sperm nucleoprotein changes during male pronuclear development in fertilized sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) eggs have been examined utilizing the ammoniacal silver reaction (ASR) at the light and electronic microscopic levels of observation. Previous studies and control preparations indicated that the ASR has an affinity for basic proteins, staining intensely those rich in arginine residues. Differences in the affinity of the paternally derived chromatin to the ASR prior to, during, and following pronuclear development were observed. Relative to the female pronucleus the unincorporated sperm nucleus was densely stained. Upon its entry into the egg the sperm nucleus showed a two-fold increase in staining, indicating an augmentation in the availability of reactive sites already present in the paternally derived chromatin or an accumulation of “new” reactive sites from the egg cytoplasm. With the dispersion of the sperm nucleus there was a progressive decrease in staining intensity of the paternally derived chromatin. Subsequent to pronuclear fusion the paternally derived chromatin, recognized by its relatively dense staining, was seen at one pole of the zygote nucleus. With time there was a gradual regression in the size and staining intensity of the paternally derived chromatin within the zygote nucleus. Changes in reactivity of sperm-derived chromatin are discussed in reference to previous studies of chromatin transitions at fertilization.
Simultaneous liquid chromatographic determination of methionine hydroxy analogue and DL-methionine in feed formulations

Abstract A liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of methionine hydroxy analogue and dl -methionine in compounded feed samples is described. Samples are subjected to a simple extraction procedure followed by quantification on a LiChrospher reversed-phase column with ultraviolet detection at 214 nm. The reproducibility and recovery were determined for a range of typical European feed formulations. An excellent correlation was found between the data obtained by this method and by conventional methods.
Using Thought‐Bubble Pictures to Assess Students' Feelings About Reading

We live in a world full of print. Students who enjoy reading are at a definite advantage, while those who dislike it fall further and further behind. Research shows that identifying how students perceive themselves as readers and how they feel about reading is as important as identifying cognitive skill. Unfortunately, uncovering how students feel is not always easy. In order to understand students' feelings teachers must create situations in which students feel comfortable sharing their inner thoughts. One strategy for doing this is to use thought-bubble drawings. Thought bubbles scaffold expression and make visible what children think and how they feel about reading. Two thought-bubble pictures are presented along with instructions for their use. Samples of student drawings are also provided, along with a coding system so that teachers can interpret their students' drawings.
Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to iatrogenic neurological dysfunction

Oropharyngeal dysphagia due to iatrogenic neurological dysfunction may relate to either medication side effects or surgical complications. There are several general mechanisms by which neurological side effects of medications can cause or aggravate oropharyngeal dysphagia. These include decreased level of arousal, direct suppression of brainstem swallowing regulation, movement disorders (dyskinesias, dystonias, and parkinsonism), neuromuscular junction blockade, myopathy, oropharyngeal sensory impairment, and disturbance of salivation. Postsurgical oropharyngeal dysphagia due to neurological dysfunction has been described in association with carotid endarterectomy, esophageal cancer surgery, anterior cervical fusion, and ventral rhizotomy for spasmodic torticollis. A potential explanation for oropharyngeal dysphagia following these surgical procedures is intraoperative mechanical disruption of the innervation of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles by the pharyngeal plexus. Posterior fossa and skull base surgery can lead to dysphagia as a result of intraoperative damage to brainstem centers and/or cranial nerves involved in swallowing. Perioperative stroke is the most likely explanation for oropharyngeal dysphagia appearing acutely following surgery, especially if the type of surgery predisposes to embolism or hypoperfusion.
Homolog pairing and sister chromatid cohesion in heterochromatin in Drosophila male meiosis I

Drosophila males undergo meiosis without recombination or chiasmata but homologous chromosomes pair and disjoin regularly. The X–Y pair utilizes a specific repeated sequence within the heterochromatic ribosomal DNA blocks as a pairing site. No pairing sites have yet been identified for the autosomes. To search for such sites, we utilized probes targeting specific heterochromatic regions to assay heterochromatin pairing sequences and behavior in meiosis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We found that the small fourth chromosome pairs at heterochromatic region 61 and associates with the X chromosome throughout prophase I. Homolog pairing of the fourth chromosome is disrupted when the homolog conjunction complex is perturbed by mutations in SNM or MNM. On the other hand, six tested heterochromatic regions of the major autosomes proved to be largely unpaired after early prophase I, suggesting that stable homolog pairing sites do not exist in heterochromatin of the major autosomes. Furthermore, FISH analysis revealed two distinct patterns of sister chromatid cohesion in heterochromatin: regions with stable cohesion and regions lacking cohesion. This suggests that meiotic sister chromatid cohesion is incomplete within heterochromatin and may occur at specific preferential sites.
Justifying Morality, Part I: Bernard Gert’s Justification

According to one critic, Bernard Gert’s work ‘‘may very well be the best and most significant contribution to general substantive theoretical ethics produced in the twentieth century.’’ Another has ranked Gert’s work with that of Kurt Baier and John Rawls. Although there is a substantial body of commentary on Gert’s work, little of it has been devoted to his attempt to justify morality. This is unfortunate, given Gert’s claim that the justification of morality is ‘‘the primary task’’ of his Morality: Its Nature and Justification. In Part I of this two-part article, we will examine and assess the justificatory element of Gert’s account of the moral system. We will see that Gert’s justification is successful, but limited. In Part II, we will explore whether a stronger justification of morality might be obtained by modifying the deliberative conditions Gert uses in his justification. The notable clarity that marks Gert’s description and explanation of the moral system and its key concepts unfortunately seems to desert him when he turns to his account of its justification. Gert’s most recent books, Common Morality and the revised edition of Morality: Its Nature and Justification, provide some clarifications,
Monte Carlo study of the two-dimensional vector Blume-Capel model

The Blume-Capel model (BCM) generalizes the Ising model to allow for the presence of vacancy sites, and was used as an early description of the effect of a $^{3}\text{H}\text{e}$ admixture on the $^{4}\text{H}\text{e}$ superfluid transition, especially tricritical behavior. The vector counterpart of the BCM improves upon the original by utilizing spins with a continuous symmetry, the correct universality class for superfluidity. This paper presents a Monte Carlo calculation of the full phase diagram of the two-dimensional vector BCM. A tricritical point is shown to separate a first-order phase transition line at low temperature from a Kosterlitz-Thouless boundary at higher temperature and the location of the tricritical point is determined.
Polarization dependence of scattering from one-dimensional rough surfaces

The scattering of light by a one-dimensional rough surface is investigated in terms of the Stokes scattering matrix. It is shown that only four unique quantities appear in this matrix. Two of these are simply related to the s- and p-polarized scattering cross sections, although the other two quantities contain the cross correlation of electric-field amplitudes scattered by s and p incident states. Through experimental measurements with a well-characterized rough surface fabricated in photoresist, it is shown that all four unique Stokes matrix elements are significant for a surface that produces backscattering enhancement.
The role of leaf resin in the interaction between Eriodictyon californicum (Hydrophyllaceae) and its herbivore, Trirhabda diducta (Chrysomelidae)

The chaparral shrub Eriodictyon californicum secretes a phenolic leaf resin composed of flavonoid aglycones. We used leaves with artificially altered resin contents to test the effects of resin on the feeding, growth, and oviposition of the specialist herbivore Trirhabda diducta. In addition, we compared Trirhabda feeding and growth on young foliage with that on foliage from the preceding year. Our results show that the Eriodictyon leaf resin affects Trirhabda larvae and adults similarly, having no significant effect on growth rates or on nutrient utilization at up to 5X the resin levels normally encountered by larvae in the field. Both Trirhabda larvae and adults respond to high resin concentrations by increasing their consumption rates, with concomitant decreases in digestibility and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food to biomass. Low-resin foliage is preferred by larvae for feeding and by adults for oviposition. Larvae feeding on leaves of the current season have higher growth efficiencies, consumption, and growth compared to larvae feeding on leaves from the preceding year.
Short note: Least cost distance analysis for spatial interpolation

Spatial interpolation allows creation of continuous raster surfaces from a subsample of point-based measurements. Most interpolation approaches use Euclidean distance measurements between data points to generate predictions of values at unknown locations. However, there are many spatially distributed data sets that are not properly represented by Euclidean distances and require distance measures which represent their complex geographic connectivity. The problem of defining non-Euclidean distances between data points has been solved using the network-based solutions, but such techniques have historically relied on a network of connected line segments to determine point-to-point distances. While these vector-based solutions are computationally efficient, they cannot model more complex 2- and 3-dimensional systems of connectivity. Here, we use least-cost-path analyses to define distances between sampled points; a solution that allows for arbitrarily complex systems of connectivity to be interpolated. We used least-cost path distances in conjunction with the inverse distance weighting interpolation for a proof-of-concept interpolation of water temperature data in a complex deltaic river system. We compare our technique to Euclidean distance interpolation, and demonstrate that our technique, which follows connectivity rules, yields are more realistic interpolation of water temperature.
Gene Expression Signatures of cAMP/Protein Kinase A (PKA)-promoted, Mitochondrial-dependent Apoptosis COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WILD-TYPE AND cAMP-DEATHLESS S49 LYMPHOMA CELLS

The second messenger cAMP acts via protein kinase A (PKA) to induce apoptosis by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here, we assessed a role for mitochondria and analyzed gene expression in cAMP/PKA-promoted apoptosis by comparing wild-type (WT) S49 lymphoma cells and the S49 variant, D- (cAMP-deathless), which lacks cAMP-promoted apoptosis but has wild-type levels of PKA activity and cAMP-promoted G1 growth arrest. Treatment of WT, but not D-, S49 cells with 8-CPT-cAMP (8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-adenosine-3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate) for 24 h induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and SMAC, and increase in caspase-3 activity. Gene expression analysis (using Affymetrix 430 2.0 arrays) revealed that WT and D- cells incubated with 8-CPT-cAMP have similar, but non-identical, extents of cAMP-regulated gene expression at 2 h (∼800 transcripts) and 6 h (∼1000 transcripts) (|Fold| > 2, p
Analogs of tetrahydrofolic acid XXXIV. Hydrophobic bonding to dihydrofolic reductase VI. Mode of phenyl binding of some 6‐arylpyrimidines

New data are presented which strongly support the concept that the increment in better binding observed by substituting a phenyl group on the 6-position of 4-pyrimidinol is due to hydrophobic bonding of the phenyl group. Furthermore, 11 6-phenylpyrimidines with various substituents at the 2,4, and 5-positions were compared with 18 5-aryl and 5-arylalkylpyrimidines as inhibitors of dihydrofolic reductase. The results cannot be explained by a single conformation of the pyrimidine being complexed to the enzyme; therefore, a number of rotational conformers for the pyrimidine ring are proposed where the strong hydrophobic bonding by the phenyl or phenylalkyl substituent is the determining factor for the particular preferred conformation of a given inhibitor. Such a hypothesis has previously been invoked to explain the inhibitor and substrate binding to chymotrypsin by Niemann et al .
On the Maximum Entropy Negation of a Probability Distribution

We suggest a transformation to obtain the negation of a probability distribution. We investigate the properties of this negation. Using the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence, we show of all the possible negations our proposed negation is one having a maximal type entropy.
A particle analyzer for stack emissions

Abstract An improved device has been developed for measuring particulate stack emissions. Known as the LTV monitor, the new instrument counts both number and size of particles, at multiple points across stack gas without the need for sample extraction or probe positioning inside the stack. It combines laser illumination, TV imaging, and signal-processing electronics to determine particle emissions in the range of 0.2 – 10 μm, In both laboratory and field tests the LTV monitor showed good agreement with EPA filter trains for measuring mass load, and it also measured particle size distribution. The instrument is portable for on-line industrial applications.
Dynamic Assembly of Brambleberry Mediates Nuclear Envelope Fusion during Early Development

To accommodate the large cells following zygote formation, early blastomeres employ modified cell divisions. Karyomeres are one such modification, mitotic intermediates wherein individual chromatin masses are surrounded by nuclear envelope; the karyomeres then fuse to form a single mononucleus. We identified brambleberry, a maternal-effect zebrafish mutant that disrupts karyomere fusion, resulting in formation of multiple micronuclei. As karyomeres form, Brambleberry protein localizes to the nuclear envelope, with prominent puncta evident near karyomere-karyomere interfaces corresponding to membrane fusion sites. brambleberry corresponds to an unannotated gene with similarity to Kar5p, a protein that participates in nuclear fusion in yeast. We also demonstrate that Brambleberry is required for pronuclear fusion following fertilization in zebrafish. Our studies provide insight into the machinery required for karyomere fusion and suggest that specialized proteins are necessary for proper nuclear division in large dividing blastomeres.
A Longitudinal Family Study of Personality Change and Stability

The 19-year stability of personality from late adolescence to early adulthood was examined in a sample of 121 men and women who had participated in an earlier study of articulation and language development (Templin, 1966; Templin & Glaman, 1976). Personality was assessed using the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). At the time of retest, personality data were also collected from the participants' mothers. Modest stability of individual differences in personality was observed, consistent with the literature on longitudinal studies of personality during late adolescence and early adulthood. For the Extraversion and Neuroticism scales, offspring means decreased significantly over the 19-year period such that the offspring means were closer to the mean scores of their mothers when they were followed up in adulthood as compared to their first testing in adolescence. There was, however, no change in mother-offspring resemblance from the initial test to retest. Mother-offspring resemblance appears to be due largely to aspects of personality that were stable from adolescence to early adulthood. Implications of these results are discussed in relation to the findings of previous longitudinal studies of adult personality and recent behavioral genetic evidence regarding personality change and stability.
Heritable translocation test on random-bred mice after prolonged triethylenemelamine treatment.

Abstract Heritable translocation and dominant lethal tests were conducted with random-bred Swiss albino male mice. The animals were provided drinking water containing triethylenemelamine (TEM) for 4 weeks, and were then mated for 3 successive weeks for analysis of dominant lethality and production of F 1 progeny. Potential translocation carriers among F 1 males were selected after two breedings and confirmed by cytogenetic analysis. Translocation heterozygotes were obtained in offspring of the TEM-treated groups, but not in the control groups. In F 1 males produced from the first week of mating, the frequencies of translocations were 0, 1.7, 6.2 and 10.0% for the control group and groupsreceiving TEM at 0.0125, 0.025 and 0.050 mg/kg/day, respectively, and in those produced from the third week of mating, the values were 0 and 2.1%, respectively, for the control group and the group receiving TEM at 0.050 mg/kg/day. F 1 males from the second week of mating were not studied for the induction of heritable translocations. TEM-induced dominant lethality and heritable translocations were most prominent in the first week of mating after 4 weeks of treatment. In addition, heritable translocations appeared to be a more sensitive endpoint than dominant lethal mutations for the measurement of mutagenic effects of TEM.
Loss of Drosophila Ataxin-7, a SAGA subunit, reduces H2B ubiquitination and leads to neural and retinal degeneration

The Spt–Ada–Gcn5–acetyltransferase (SAGA) chromatin-modifying complex is a highly conserved 2-MDa protein complex comprised of ∼20 subunits (Helmlinger et al. 2004; Lee and Workman 2007; Weake and Workman 2012). The complex is arranged in a modular fashion and contains two enzymatic activities: an acetyltransferase activity associated with the GCN5/Pcaf subunit and a deubiquitinase activity associated with the yUbp8/dNon-stop/hUsp22 subunit (Lee et al. 2011). In yeast, the ataxin-7 homolog is Sgf73, and studies have shown that it anchors the deubiquitinase module (which includes Sgf73, Sgf11, Sus1, and Ubp8) to the SAGA complex (Lee et al. 2009, 2011; Weake and Workman 2012). Crystal structures and biochemical analysis of the yeast deubiquitinase module have shown that the N terminus of Sgf73 extends deep into the deubiquitinase module, intertwining between the components of the module to ensure an active conformation for the deubiquitinase. Without Sgf73, the deubiquitinase is inactive (Kohler et al. 2010; Samara et al. 2010). The carefully orchestrated addition and removal of ubiquitin on H2B are important regulators of transcription. H2B monoubiquitination is a prerequisite for di- and trimethylation of H3K4 and H3K79, modifications associated with transcriptionally active chromatin (Lee et al. 2007). Here, we identify the gene product of CG9866 as the Drosophila homolog of ataxin-7 (Ataxin-7). Biochemical analysis, including affinity purification, multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) proteomic analysis, and gel filtration chromatography, establish that Ataxin-7 is a stable component of the SAGA chromatin remodeling complex. Analysis of SAGA from Ataxin-7-deficient flies revealed the loss of components from the SAGA complex, consistent with a role for Ataxin-7 in anchoring the deubiquitinase module to the complex. In contrast to the increased H2Bub observed upon loss of ataxin-7 in yeast, we observed a decrease in H2B ubiquitination in Drosophila with no associated changes in histone methylation and a reduction in the levels of H3K9 acetylation but not K3K14 acetylation. This surprising change in H2B ubiquitination was confirmed in human cells in which knockdown of human Ataxin-7 also resulted in decreased H2B ubiquitination. We hypothesize that this decrease reflects the release of an active deubiquitinase module from SAGA and, consequently, loss of SAGA-associated regulation of the deubiquitinase activity. Consistent with this model, we found that the deubiquitinase is enzymatically active when the complex is reconstituted in vitro even in the absence of Ataxin-7. An examination of flies with reduced expression of Ataxin-7 showed that loss of Ataxin-7 results in neural and retinal degeneration, impaired movement, and decreased life span.
Steroid Sulfatase Activity in Amnion Tissue and Amnion Cells Maintained in Monolayer Culture

Phenolic steroid sulfatase activity in amnion tissue, amnion homogenate, subcellular fractions, and amnion epithelial cells in culture was demonstrated with radiolabeled estrone sulfate as the substrate. Sulfatase activity could not be detected in either amnion tissue or cells when evaluated with dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate as the substrate. Phenolic steroid sulfatase activity in amnion tissue was linear with incubation time up to 3 h and with amnion tissue weight up to 800 mg/ ml. The rate of estrone sulfate hydrolysis in amnion tissue increased in a linear manner with temperature from 3 to 60 C. The apparent Km of amnion tissue sulfatase for estrone sulfate was 9 μM. The highest specific activity of the enzyme was found in both the mitochondrial-lysosomal and microsomal fractions. In studies with amnion epithelial cells in monolayer culture, phenolic steroid sulfatase activity was linear with incubation time up to 4 h and with cell number up to 2 × 105/ml. The apparent Km of amnion cell sulfatase for...
The effects of dopamine on renin release in vitro.

To examine the direct effects of dopamine on renin release, the in vitro rat kidney slice system, devoid of hemodynamic and humoral effects, was chosen. In the presence of an antioxidant, ascorbic acid (6 × 10−4M), a significant dose-related stimulation of renin release was observed with addition of 10−5M and higher concentrations of dopamine. When the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pheniprazine (1 × 10−5M) was added, significant, dose-related stimulation of renin release was observed with 10−8M and higher concentrations of dopamine. Dopamine- induced renin release was not inhibited by the presence of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine (9 × 10−4M), the dopaminergic antagonist, haloperidol (5 × 10−5M) or the neural uptake inhibitor, cocaine (1 × 10−5M). However, the presence of the beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol (2 x 10∼4M) completely inhibited dopamine-induced renin release. These studies indicate that dopamine can directly stimulate renin release in the absence of effects of hemodynamic...
Endoplasmic reticulum-bound ribosomes reside in stable association with the translocon following termination of protein synthesis.

In current views, translation-coupled ribosome binding to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is transient, with association occurring via the signal recognition particle pathway and dissociation occurring upon the termination of protein synthesis. Recent studies indicate, however, that ribosomal subunits remain membrane-bound following the termination of protein synthesis. To define the mechanism of post-termination ribosome association with the ER membrane, membrane-bound ribosomes were detergent-solubilized from tissue culture cells at different stages of the protein synthesis cycle, and the composition of the ribosome-associated membrane protein fraction was determined. We report that ribosomes reside in stable association with the Sec61α-translocon following the termination stage of protein synthesis. Additionally, in vitro experiments revealed that solubilized, gradient-purified ribosome-translocon complexes were able to initiate the translation of secretory and cytosolic proteins and were functional in assays of signal sequence recognition. Using this experimental system, synthesis of signal sequence-bearing polypeptides yielded a tight ribosome-translocon junction; synthesis of nascent polypeptides lacking a signal sequence resulted in a disruption of this junction. On the basis of these data, we propose that in situ, ribosomes reside in association with the translocon throughout the cycle of protein synthesis, with membrane release occurring upon translation of proteins lacking topogenic signals.
Influence of pH on the toxicity of aluminium and other inorganic contaminants to East Coast striped bass

The toxicity of Al and a mixture of inorganic contaminants to young striped bass Morone saxatilis in soft fresh water was demonstrated to be age- and pH-dependent. Toxicity of the contaminants was increased with decreases of pH of the test waters. The interaction between low pH from acid deposition and inorganic contaminants should be considered as a possible factor contributing to the decline in abundance of east coast striped bass.
Human dermal glycosaminoglycans and aging.

Abstract 1. 1. Human skin from different age groups was intensively extracted with 1 M NaCl. The saline extracts and the insoluble residues were fractionated for glycosaminoglycan content. 2. 2. About 80% of the hyaluronic acid was extracted in the saline solution while the rest remained in the residue. A significant portion of the dermatan sulfate (29–51%) was also soluble in the saline extract. 3. 3. There was a significant reduction in glycosaminoglycans from newborn to infants; with the levels remaining stable through middle age and dropping further during old age. This reduction in glycosaminoglycans took place in the saline extracts while no significant changes were noted in the insoluble residue.
Hypnosis treatment of clinical pain: understanding why hypnosis is useful

Clinical and experimental research literature indicates hypnosis is very useful for severe and persistent pain, yet reviews suggest hypnosis is not widely used. To encourage more widespread clinical application, the author reviews recent controlled clinical studies in which hypnosis compares favorably with other interventions; links advances in understanding endogenous pain modulation to a neurophysiologic view of hypnosis and hypnoanalgesia; relates the neurophysiology of hypnoanalgesia to management of chronic pain; challenges the view that hypnotic pain control is only for the highly hypnotizable patient; and raises issues about how people learn to control pain with hypnosis. Training in hypnotic analgesia may usefully enhance nervous system inhibitory processes that attenuate pain.
Identification and determination of the number of immature green citrus fruit in a canopy under different ambient light conditions

Yield mapping for tree crops by mechanical harvesting requires automatic detection and counting of fruits in tree canopy. However, partial occlusion, shape irregularity, varying illumination, multiple sizes and similarity with the background make fruit identification a very difficult task to achieve. Therefore, immature green citrus-fruit detection within a green canopy is a challenging task due to all the above-mentioned problems. A novel algorithmic technique was used to detect immature green citrus fruit in tree canopy under natural outdoor conditions. Shape analysis and texture classification were two integral parts of the algorithm. Shape analysis was conducted to detect as many fruits as possible. Texture classification by a support vector machine (SVM), Canny edge detection combined with a graph-based connected component algorithm and Hough line detection, were used to remove false positives. Next, keypoints were detected using a scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm and to further remove false positives. A majority voting scheme was implemented to make the algorithm more robust. The algorithm was able to accurately detect and count 80.4% of citrus fruit in a validation set of images acquired from a citrus grove under natural outdoor conditions. The algorithm could be further improved to provide growers early yield estimation so that growers can manage grove more efficiently on a site-specific basis to increase yield and profit.
Partitioning of proteins and small biomolecules in temperature- and pH-sensitive hydrogels

Abstract Experimental partition coefficients were measured for the distribution of selected proteins and small biomolecules between aqueous, buffered solutions and hydrogels. Temperature-sensitive hydrogels were prepared by polymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) alone and by copolymerizing NIPA and a charged monomer. Temperature- and pH-sensitive hydrogels were prepared by copolymerizing NIPA with weakly acidic and/or weakly basic monomers. The effects of temperature, pH and ionic strength on partitioning were investigated. In general, protein partition coefficients ranged from 0 to 10 in buffers on 0.1 M ionic strength. pH had a significant effect on the partition coefficient for a protein into a weakly ionizable polyelectrolyte gel even at this ionic strength.
Differences in inpatient glycemic control and response to subcutaneous insulin therapy between medicine and surgery patients with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract Objective To determine differences in inpatient glycemic control and response to two different glargine-based insulin regimens in general medicine and surgery patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods This is a post-hoc analysis of a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial of 298 non-ICU medicine and surgery patients with T2D treated with Basal Bolus regimen with glargine once daily and glulisine before meals and with Basal Plus regimen with glargine once daily and supplemental doses of glulisine before meals for blood glucose (BG) > 140 mg/dl. Major study outcomes included differences in mean daily BG, frequency of treatment failures (defined as > 2 consecutive BG > 240 mg/dl or a mean daily BG > 240 mg/dl), and hypoglycemia between the medicine and surgery cohorts. Results Patients treated with Basal Bolus or with Basal Plus experienced similar improvement in mean daily BG after 1st day of therapy (p = 0.16), number of treatment failures (p = 0.11) and hypoglycemic events (p = 0.50). Compared to surgery patients (n = 130), medicine patients (n = 168) had higher admission BG (p = 0.01) and HbA1c levels (p Conclusion The Basal Plus regimen with glargine once daily and correction doses with glulisine before meals resulted in similar glycemic control to basal bolus regimen. We observed no differences in response to either basal insulin regimen between medicine and surgery patients with type 2 diabetes.
Efficient and Durable Gene Transfer to Transplanted Heart Using Adeno-associated Virus 9 Vector

BACKGROUND: In this investigation we studied the efficacy and durability of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) vector-mediated gene transfer to the transplanted rat heart. METHODS: A rAAV9-CMV-lacZ vector diluted in cold (4 degrees C) University of Wisconsin solution was used to perfuse the rat coronary vasculature for 20 minutes prior to syngeneic heterotopic transplantation. Perfusion experiments (six groups, n = 3/group) were performed without rAAV9 and at four separate doses ranging from 2 x 10(9) to 2 x 10(12) viral genomes/ml. The transplanted heart was recovered 10 days or 3 months after transplantation and expression of lacZ assessed by histology, enzyme-linked immunoassay and real-time reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In a final group (n = 3), rAAV9 was administered systemically to compare the cardiac transduction efficiency and viral distribution to other organs. RESULTS: Transduction efficiency of perfused virus correlated with vector dose (p < 0.0001), with myocardial transduction ranging up to 71.74% at the highest dose. Cardiac expression of lacZ was equivalent at 10 days and 3 months. There was no evidence of viral gene transfer to other organs after heart transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate efficient and durable rAAV9-mediated gene transfer to the transplanted heart after ex vivo perfusion and suggest that AAV9 is a promising vector for cardiac gene therapy.
Spintronic Memristor Temperature Sensor

Thermal fluctuation effects on the electric behavior of a spintronic memristor based upon the spin-torque-induced domain-wall motion are explored. Depending upon material, geometry, and electric excitation strength, the device electric behavior can be either sensitive or insensitive to temperature change. We present temperature sensor designs that operate at a temperature sensitive region. The sensitivity is achieved through a combination of the temperature-dependent domain-wall mobility and the positive feedback between memristor resistance and driving strength.
Behavior of diffractive parton distribution functions.

Diffractive parton distribution functions give the probability to find a parton in a hadron if the hadron is diffractively scattered. We provide an operator definition of these functions and discuss their relation to diffractive deeply inelastic scattering and to photoproduction of jets at DESY HERA. We perform a calculation in the style of {open_quote}{open_quote}constituent counting rules{close_quote}{close_quote} for the behavior of these functions when the detected parton carries almost all of the longitudinal momentum transferred from the scattered hadron. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
WHY DEFECTS ESCAPE SOME OF OUR TESTS

Incomplete Tests The first case occurs when the test patterns are not thorough enough, but it may be very difficult to determine how thorough the test patterns really are. As an example, let's consider testing of a combinational circuit — perhaps as part of an internal scan test. Further, suppose that the part was not to be operated at an aggressive speed so that delay fault testing was not necessary assuming that process drift was checked by some other means such as ring oscillators, etc. If we had generated a test set that had 100% single stuck fault coverage we would be confident that we were applying a very thorough test. Hidden in this confidence is the belief that the defects would not change the combinational circuit into a sequential circuit. How could this happen? One possibility is that a defect caused a bridging fault that inserted an asynchronous feedback loop into the circuit. Another, and probably much more likely explanation, is that a defect caused an open in the circuit. In our Murphy experiment [1], we found that 36 of the 116 defective chips exhibited sequence dependent behavior; that is, their output response changed if the order in which the inputs were applied was changed. One might think that the way to avoid this situation would be to apply a stuck-open test set; but in our experiment the stuck-open test set was very long and still missed many of the defective chips. There were several multiple-detect test sets that were shorter than the stuck-open test set and which detected all of the defective chips.
TRAUMATIC DURAL LACERATION IN A RACING GREYHOUND

Acute pelvic limb paralysis occurred in a racing Greyhound after a traumatic incident. During myelography, a dorsal laceration of the dura mater was detected at T12–13. Immediate hemilaminectomy was performed at T12–13, but neurologic status did not improve. At necropsy there was epidural and subdural hemorrhage at the T12–13 interspace, and malacia and swelling of the spinal cord at that level. Intramedullary hemorrhage, malacia, and free fibrocartilaginous material characterized histopathology of the lesion. Possible mechanisms of the traumatic disk extrusion are discussed.
Exit Costs in Marriage: Does the Laffer Curve Apply to Marriage Markets?

The economics literature that deals with the exit costs of marriage has considered primarily the shift from mutual consent divorce to unilateral divorce and has not provided a larger, overall picture of the marriage market under various exit conditions. This paper proposes that a modified Laffer Curve model of marriage and divorce provides the best overall picture of the marriage market under various exit scenarios. Evidence for this model is obtained from various studies available in the literature.
Vancomycin MICs for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Differ Based upon the Susceptibility Test Method Used

Recent studies have questioned treatment of serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections with vancomycin because of treatment failures, despite vancomycin MICs in the susceptible category (MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml) ([2][1], [3][2], [5][3], [6][4], [7][5]). Some of these studies have