cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Algebraic and Topological Aspects of Quantitative Feedback Theory

The current interest in robust control has called into question the applicability of the Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) robust design method introduced by Horowitz. A number of issues have been raised regarding inherent restrictions of both the design method and the uncertain plant set. Using a multivariable root locus technique extended to uncertain systems, this paper shows that the QFT assumptions are indeed not restrictive and are in fact equivalent to other well-known conditions for robust stabilisability. Because QFT is one of the very few methods to specifically address the quantitative robust performance issue, these results should lead to better methods of developing new QFT-design software as well as improved robust control methods to satisfy a priori quantitative performance bounds.
Uncertainty principles, signal recovery, finite Toeplitz forms, and approximation theory: connections and applications to limited angle tomography

A common imaging problem is the recovery of an unknown portion of a signal which cannot be gathered because of physical constraints on the system. The author discusses a number of approaches to this type of problem, and the interconnections between these different approaches. He then applies these ideas to the limited angle tomography problem. >
Optimal number of views in 360° SPECT imaging

This study examined SPECT-reconstructed image quality as a function of the number of views, and determined the minimum number of views necessary to remove aliasing artifacts in 360Â° SPECT. Methods: Computer simulation was performed using a two-dimensional Shepp-Logan head phantom and a high-resolution parallel-beam collimator with and without photon attenuation. Results: In 360Â° SPECT, aliasingartifactswere reducedby chang ing the number of views from an even number 16 to its neighboring odd numbers 15 or 17, from 32 to 31 or 33 and from 64 to 63 or 65. Image quality of 15 or 17 views, 31 or 33 views and 63 or 65 views was similar to that of 32, 64 and 128 views, respectively. Conclusion: Replacingan even numberof viewsby its neighboring odd numbers in 360Â°SPECT significantly decreased aliasing arti facts. Thirty-one or 33 views are sufficient to remove most of the aliasing artifacts in 360Â° SPECT with a matrix of 64 x 64 pixels. This method can be applied to fast 360Â°SPECT since fewer views are
Restraining Objects with Curved Effectors and Its Application to Whole-Arm Grasping

This paper develops the theory and algorithms for immobilizing/caging polyhedral objects using curved (for example, planar, cylindrical, or spherical) effectors, in contrast to customary point effectors. We show that it is possible to immobilize all polyhedral objects with three effectors with possibly nonzero curvature, with finite extent. We further discuss how to cage the objects and obtain a stable grasp from such a cage. The theory can also be applied to immobilize/cage polygonal objects on the plane. As one application of the theory, we address the problem of whole-arm grasping with robot arms.
Effect of Sodium Polyphosphates on Growth of Listeria monocytogenes.

Evaluation of sodium polyphosphates (SPP), multifunctional food additives, indicated that only the higher polymers sodaphos, hexaphos, and glass H (average chain length = 6, 13, and 21, respectively) significantly inhibited growth of Listeria monocytogenes . The effect of the three compounds (0-2%) on growth of L. monocytogenes was studied in brain heart infusion + 0.3% glucose medium, pH 6.0, at 28, 19, 10, and 5°C. The organism grew well under all test conditions in the absence of SPP. Hexaphos and glass H were considerably more inhibitory than sodaphos. The most pronounced effect of SPP was on lag times, which increased with increasing SPP concentration and decreasing temperature. At 10°C, addition of 0.3% hexaphos or glass H increased lag time from 22 h to 197 and 186 h, respectively, and no growth was observed after 40 d in the presence of 2.0% of these compounds. Addition of 2.0% NaCl increased the inhibitory effect of SPP but had little effect on growth in SPP-free media. Results suggest that high molecular weight SPP may be useful in controlling the growth of L. monocytogenes , particularly at low temperatures and in combination with NaCl.
Are Publicly Insured Children Less Likely to be Admitted to Hospital than the Privately Insured (and Does it Matter)

There is continuing controversy about the extent to which publicly insured children are treated differently than privately insured children, and whether differences in treatment matter. We show that on average, hospitals are less likely to admit publicly insured children than privately insured children who present at the ER and the gap grows during high flu weeks, when hospital beds are in high demand. This pattern is present even after controlling for detailed diagnostic categories and hospital fixed effects, but does not appear to have any effect on measurable health outcomes such as repeat ER visits and future hospitalizations. Hence, our results raise the possibility that instead of too few publicly insured children being admitted during high flu weeks, there are too many publicly and privately insured children being admitted most of the time.
Tunable lattice plasmons in the SiO2/Au core-shell nanorod arrays

SiO2/Au core-shell nanorod arrays (NRAs) with high aspect ratio are reported, which could support different lattice plasmon modes (LPMs). The origins of the LPMs could be attributed to the coupling between the diffraction modes and the plamon modes in single nanorod.
Finding Default? Understanding the drivers of default on contracts with farmers’ organizations under the World Food Programme Purchase for Progress Pilot

During the past two decades, food assistance policy has shifted toward local or regional food purchases and away from purchases from donor countries. While most local and regional procurement occurs through hard tendering processes open to large-scale firms and farms, there is growing interest in identifying how and whether to procure from smallholder farmer organizations. To date, little is known about the drivers of successful contracting with farmers’ organizations (FOs). We utilize data from the United Nations World Food Programme Purchase for Progress pilot in three East African countries to predict defaults on contracts. We examine four possible explanations: country contexts, FO characteristics, prior experience with contracts, and contract modalities and their relationship to local spot market prices. The single most important predictor of default is the increase in market prices between contract approval and delivery. Yet, while increases in market prices are linked to increases in default, this relationship is decreasing in contract size, indicating search costs associated with breaking contracts. Our findings yield both generalizable and context-specific insights about whether – and when – procuring from smallholder farmers can be successfully integrated into the food assistance toolkit. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
On the Asymptotic Equivalence of Circulant and Toeplitz Matrices

Any sequence of uniformly bounded $N\times N$ Hermitian Toeplitz matrices $\{H_{N}\}$ is asymptotically equivalent to a certain sequence of $N\times N$ circulant matrices $\{C_{N}\}$ derived from the Toeplitz matrices in the sense that $\left \|{H_{N}- C_{N} }\right \|_{F} = o(\sqrt {N})$ as $N\rightarrow \infty $ . This implies that certain collective behaviors of the eigenvalues of each Toeplitz matrix are reflected in those of the corresponding circulant matrix and supports the utilization of the computationally efficient fast Fourier transform (instead of the Karhunen-Loeve transform) in applications like coding and filtering. In this paper, we study the asymptotic performance of the individual eigenvalue estimates . We show that the asymptotic equivalence of the circulant and Toeplitz matrices implies the individual asymptotic convergence of the eigenvalues for certain types of Toeplitz matrices. We also show that these estimates asymptotically approximate the largest and smallest eigenvalues for more general classes of Toeplitz matrices.
Efficient bilateral taxation of externalities

In the context of the example of a factory whose smoke emissions affect a near-by laundry, Coase (J Law Econ 3:1–44, 1960) argued for taxing the laundry as well as the factory, while Baumol (Am Econ Rev 62:307–322, 1972) argued for taxing only the factory. Consistent application of marginal cost pricing shows that the efficient tax on laundries is positive when the number of laundries is finite and that the tax approaches zero in the limit as the number of laundries approaches infinity. The efficient tax on factories is bounded away from zero, regardless of the number of factories. Our framework is an application of the Vickrey–Clarke–Groves family of truth-telling mechanisms that require each agent to bear the full social cost of changing the outcome that would have prevailed had she not participated in the decision. Until now, the literature has not fully resolved the discrepancies between Coase’s and Baumol’s arguments, and even contemporary textbooks on environmental economics and public economics do not offer correct and complete analyses.
Valuing Alternative Work Arrangements

Abstract We employ a discrete choice experiment in the employment process for a national call center to estimate the willingness to pay distribution for alternative work arrangements relative to tr...
Non-supersymmetric AdS and the Swampland

We propose to sharpen the weak gravity conjecture by the statement that, except for BPS states in a supersymmetric theory, the gravitational force is strictly weaker than any electric force and provide a number of evidences for this statement. Our conjecture implies that any non-supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacuum supported by fluxes must be unstable, as is the case for all known attempts at such holographic constructions.
COMPARISION OF THREE ANAESTHETIC TECHNIQUES TO PROVIDE POST OPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN CHILDREN FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF CIRCULAR FIXATOR FOR LIMB RECONSTRUCTIVESURGERY

The aim of this retrospective study is to compare the different anaesthetic techniques in children undergoing circular frame application for lengthening and deformity correction. Data was collected from 68 cases on severe pain episodes, postoperative duration of analgesia, requirement for top-up analgesia, complications and side-effects and number of osteotomies. The three analgesic methods used were morphine infusion (M), epidural analgesia (E) and continuous peripheral nerve blocks (CPNB). There was a significant difference between the number of episodes of severe pain experienced by the patients receiving a morphine infusion when compared to the epidural and CPNB groups (M vs. E p
Self-aligning concave relativistic plasma mirror with adjustable focus

We report an experimental-computational study of the optical properties of plasma mirrors (PMs) at the incident laser frequency when irradiated directly at relativistic intensity ( 10 18 < I 0 < 10 19 W / cm 2 ) by near-normally incident ( 4 ° ), high-contrast, 30 fs, 800 nm laser pulses. We find that such relativistic PMs are highly reflective ( 0.6 – 0.8 ) and focus a significant fraction of reflected light to intensity as large as ∼ 10 I 0 at distance f as small as ∼ 25 μ m from the PM, provided that pre-pulses do not exceed 1014 W/cm2 prior to ∼ 20 ps before arrival of the main pulse peak. Particle-in-cell simulations show that focusing results from denting of the reflecting surface by light pressure combined with relativistic transparency and that reflectivity and f can be adjusted by controlling pre-plasma length L over the range 0.5 ≲ L ≲ 3 μ m. Pump-probe reflectivity measurements show that the PM's focusing properties evolve on a ps time scale.
Partisan technocratic cycles in Latin America

Given their powerful positions in presidential cabinets, technocrats are an important transmission mechanism for explaining economic policy choices, but have received less attention compared to other well-established channels such as elections or democratic tenure. I incorporate the role of technocratic advisors into a domestic policymaking framework. Specifically, I contend that left governments tend to appoint technocrats, or ministers with mainstream economics training, to signal their commitment to sound governance to the electorate. This partisan technocratic pattern, however, is conditioned by a country's place in its business cycle. During periods of high growth, left governments are more likely to align with their partisan preferences and appoint heterodox advisors that drift from fiscal discipline. Employing an originally constructed data index, the Index of Economic Advisors, I conduct a statistical test of 16 Latin American countries from 1960 to 2011, finding partisan shifts in technocratic appointments and fiscal governance that are conditioned by national business cycles.
Pediatric Ethics and Communication Excellence (PEACE) Rounds: Decreasing Moral Distress and Patient Length of Stay in the PICU.

This paper describes a practice innovation: the addition of formal weekly discussions of patients with prolonged PICU stay to reduce healthcare providers’ moral distress and decrease length of stay for patients with life-threatening illnesses. We evaluated the innovation using a pre/post intervention design measuring provider moral distress and comparing patient outcomes using retrospective historical controls. Physicians and nurses on staff in our pediatric intensive care unit in a quaternary care children's hospital participated in the evaluation. There were 60 patients in the interventional group and 66 patients in the historical control group. We evaluated the impact of weekly meetings (PEACE rounds) to establish goals of care for patients with longer than 10 days length of stay in the ICU for a year. Moral distress was measured intermittently and reported moral distress thermometer (MDT) scores fluctuated. "Clinical situations" represented the most frequent contributing factor to moral distress. Post intervention, overall moral distress scores, measured on the moral distress scale revised (MDS-R), were lower for respondents in all categories (non-significant), and on three specific items (significant). Patient outcomes before and after PEACE intervention showed a statistically significant decrease in PRISM indexed LOS (4.94 control vs 3.37 PEACE, p = 0.015), a statistically significant increase in both code status changes DNR (11 % control, 28 % PEACE, p = 0.013), and in-hospital death (9 % control, 25 % PEACE, p = 0.015), with no change in patient 30 or 365 day mortality. The addition of a clinical ethicist and senior intensivist to weekly inter-professional team meetings facilitated difficult conversations regarding realistic goals of care. The study demonstrated that the PEACE intervention had a positive impact on some factors that contribute to moral distress and can shorten PICU length of stay for some patients.
Conservative discretization of the Landau collision integral

We describe a density-, momentum-, and energy-conserving discretization of the nonlinear Landau collision integral. The method is suitable for both the finite-element and discontinuous Galerkin methods and does not require structured meshes. The conservation laws for the discretization are proven algebraically and demonstrated numerically for an axially symmetric nonlinear relaxation problem using a finite-element implementation.
A circumscriptive theorem prover

Abstract In [6], a generalization of first-order logic was introduced that led to the development of an effective theorem prover for some simple sorts of default reasoning. In this paper, we show that these ideas can also be used to construct a theorem prover for a wide class of circumscriptive theories. The ideas to be discussed have been implemented, and the resulting system has been applied to the canonical birds flying example, to a nonseparable circumscription [9], and to the Yale shooting problem. In all of these cases, the implementation returns the circumscriptively correct answer.
Evidence of hydrogen migration rather than isomerization in the acetylene dication

New ab initio calculations show that ultrafast isomerization in the acetylene dication has an extremely low probability because dissociation outcompetes isomerization. We propose that isomerization previously described in recent ultrafast LCLS x-ray experiments are in fact due to partial migration.
A Priori Estimates for Water Waves with Emerging Bottom

We study the beach problem for water waves. The case we consider is a compact fluid domain, where the free surface intersects the bottom along an edge, with a non-zero contact angle. Using elliptic estimates in domains with edges and a new equation on the Taylor coefficient, we establish a priori estimates for angles smaller than a dimensional constant. Local existence will be derived in a following paper.
High Performance Dummy Fill Insertion With Coupling and Uniformity Constraints

In deep-submicron very large scale integration manufacturing, dummy fills are widely applied to reduce topographic variations and improve layout pattern uniformity. However, the introduction of dummy fills may impact the wire electrical properties, such as coupling capacitance. Traditional tile-based method for fill insertion usually results in very large number of fills, which increases the cost of layout storage. In advanced technology nodes, solving the tile-based dummy fill design is more and more expensive. In this paper, we propose a high performance dummy fill insertion framework based on geometric properties to optimize multiple objectives simultaneously, including coupling capacitance, density variations and gradient. The experimental results for ICCAD 2014 contest benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.
On finite type 3-manifold invariants II

This paper continues the study of finite-type invariants of homology spheres studied by Ohtsuki and Garoufalidis. We apply the surgery classification of links to give a diagrammatic description, using ideas of Ohtsuki. This uses a computation of the surgery equivalence classes of pure braids. We show that the order of any invariant, in Ohtsukis sense, is a multiple of 3. We also study the relation between the order of an invariant and that of the knot invariant it defines.
Linear chord diagrams with long chords

A linear chord diagram of size $n$ is a partition of the set $\{1,2,\dots,2n\}$ into sets of size two, called chords. From a table showing the number of linear chord diagrams of degree $n$ such that every chord has length at least $k$, we observe that if we proceed far enough along the diagonals, they are given by a geometric sequence. We prove that this holds for all diagonals, and identify when the effect starts.
Burn-depth estimation using thermal excitation and imaging

Accurate estimation of the depth of partial-thickness burns and the early prediction of a need for surgical intervention are difficult. A non-invasive technique utilizing the difference in thermal relaxation time between burned and normal skin may be useful in this regard. In practice, a thermal camera would record the skin's response to heating or cooling by a small amount--roughly 5 degree(s) Celsius for a short duration. The thermal stimulus would be provided by a heat lamp, hot or cold air, or other means. Processing of the thermal transients would reveal areas that returned to equilibrium at different rates, which should correspond to different burn depths. In deeper thickness burns, the outside layer of skin is further removed from the constant- temperature region maintained through blood flow. Deeper thickness areas should thus return to equilibrium more slowly than other areas. Since the technique only records changes in the skin's temperature, it is not sensitive to room temperature, the burn's location, or the state of the patient. Preliminary results are presented for analysis of a simulated burn, formed by applying a patch of biosynthetic wound dressing on top of normal skin tissue.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Servant Leadership - An Introduction

The meaning of the term "servant leadership" is explained and put into a historical perspective.
Enriching Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Confidence Intervals: An Interactive Trivia-Based Classroom Activity

ABSTRACTConfidence intervals provide a way to determine plausible values for a population parameter. They are omnipresent in research articles involving statistical analyses. Appropriately, a key statistical literacy learning objective is the ability to interpret and understand confidence intervals in a wide range of settings. As instructors, we devote a considerable amount of time and effort to ensure that students master this topic in introductory courses and beyond. Yet, studies continue to find that confidence intervals are commonly misinterpreted and that even experts have trouble calibrating their individual confidence levels. In this article, we present a 10-min trivia game-based activity that addresses these misconceptions by exposing students to confidence intervals from a personal perspective. We describe how the activity can be integrated into a statistics course as a one-time activity or with repetition at intervals throughout a course, discuss results of using the activity in class, and prese...
Diffusing Private Data Over Networks

The emergence of social and technological networks has enabled rapid sharing of data and information. This has resulted in significant privacy concerns, where private information can be either leaked or inferred from public data. The problem is significantly harder for social networks, where we may reveal more information to our friends than to strangers. Nonetheless, our private information can still leak to strangers as our friends are their friends and so on. In order to address this important challenge, in this paper, we present a privacy-preserving mechanism that enables private data to be diffused over a network. In particular, whenever a user wants to access another users’ data, the proposed mechanism returns a differentially private response that ensures that the amount of private data leaked depends on the distance between the two users in the network. While allowing global statistics to be inferred by users acting as analysts, our mechanism guarantees that no individual user, or a group of users, can harm the privacy guarantees of any other user. We illustrate our mechanism with two examples: one on synthetic data where the users share their global positioning system coordinates, and the other on a Facebook ego network where a user shares her infection status.
Getting what we vote for: A regression discontinuity test of ballot initiative outcomes

Abstract What do voters really receive when they vote? This paper exploits 25 years of municipal level voting data in Massachusetts to identify the specific effects of voter approved ballots. In particular, this analysis attempts to determine the degree to which the median voter preferences are reflected in public expenditures. The findings suggest that voters see little change in expenditures, regardless of voting outcomes. To my knowledge, this paper is the first of its kind to directly link voting outcomes with non capital expenditure outcomes. This has important implications for discussing frictions that arise between voter preferences and local public expenditures.
EFFECT OF FEMORAL HEAD SIZE ON HIP RANGE OF MOTION TO IMPINGEMENT

INTRODUCTION Femoral stem impingement can damage an acetabular liner, create polyethylene wear, and potentially lead to dislocation. To avoid component-to-component impingement, many surgeons aim to align acetabular cups based on the “Safe Zone” proposed by Lewinnek. However, a recent study indicates that the historical target values for cup inclination and anteversion defined by Lewinnek et al. may be useful but should not be considered a safe zone. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of altering femoral head size on hip range-of-motion (ROM) to impingement. METHODS Ten healthy subjects were instrumented and asked to perform six motions commonly associated with hip dislocation, including picking up an object, squatting, and low-chair rising. Femur-to-pelvis relative motions were recorded throughout for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation. A previously reported custom, validated hip ROM three-dimensional simulator was utilized. The user imports implant models, and sets parameters for pelvic tilt, stem version, and specific motions as defined by the subjects. Acetabular cup orientations for abduction and anteversion combinations were chosen. The software was then used to compute minimum clearances or impingement between the components for any hip position. Graphs for acetabular cup abduction vs. anteversion were generated using a tapered wedge stem with a 132o neck angle, a stem version of 15°, and a pelvic tilt of 0°. The only variable changed was femoral head size. Head sizes reviewed were 32mm, 36mm, and a Dual-Mobility liner with an effective head size of 42mm. All femoral head sizes can be used with a 50mm acetabular cup. RESULTS We found that the “Safe Zone” varies considerably depending on the size of the femoral head used for all subjects. A typical plot illustrating the ROM to impingement is presented in Figures 1a-1c. The area to the left of each curve represents an impingement zone for that motion, and to the right, a non-impingement zone. In all cases the non-impingement area is smaller than the Lewinnek safe zone. Motions like picking up an object and squatting had the greatest influence on impingement. CONCLUSIONS The true acetabular target for impingement-avoidance motion is much smaller than previously believed and identifies the need to take into account the size of the femoral head to be used. This may explain why approximately 70% of dislocations have been reported to be found even when cups were placed within the Lewinnek safe zone. Certain activities, such as picking up an object and squatting reduce the size of the safe zone. This study supports the need for better patient planning and intraoperative execution for placement of the acetabular component.
Financial information and macroeconomic forecasts

Abstract We study the forecasting power of financial variables for macroeconomic variables in 62 countries between 1980 and 2013. We find that financial variables such as credit growth, stock prices, and house prices have considerable predictive power for macroeconomic variables at the one- to four-quarter horizons. A forecasting model that includes financial variables outperforms the World Economic Outlook (WEO) forecasts in up to 85% of our sample countries at the four-quarter horizon. We also find that cross-country panel models produce more accurate out-of-sample forecasts than individual country models.
MotionCor2: Anisotropic Correction of Beam-Induced Motion for Improved Cryo-Electron Microscopy

MotionCor2 software corrects for beam-induced sample motion, improving the resolution of cryo-EM reconstructions.
Minimax lower bounds for ridge combinations including neural nets

Estimation of functions of d variables is considered using ridge combinations of the form Σm k=1 c 1, k φ(Σd j=1 c 0, j, k x j -b k ) where the activation function φ is a function with bounded value and derivative. These include single-hidden layer neural networks, polynomials, and sinusoidal models. From a sample of size n of possibly noisy values at random sites X ∊ B = [−1, 1]d, the minimax mean square error is examined for functions in the closure of the l 1 hull of ridge functions with activation ϕ. It is shown to be of order d/n to a fractional power (when d is of smaller order than n), and to be of order (log d)/n to a fractional power (when d is of larger order than n). Dependence on constraints v 0 and v 1 on the l 1 norms of inner parameter co and outer parameter c 1 , respectively, is also examined. Also, lower and upper bounds on the fractional power are given. The heart of the analysis is development of information-theoretic packing numbers for these classes of functions.
Diagnosis and Management of Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease

Type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of CKD and ESRD worldwide, and carries with it enormous human and societal costs. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the diagnosis and management of DKD based on a comprehensive review of the medical literature. Topics addressed include the evolving presentation of DKD, clinical differentiation of DKD from non-DKD, a state-of-the-art evaluation of current treatment strategies, and promising emerging treatments. It is expected that the review will help clinicians to diagnose and manage patients with DKD.
End-to-end binary representation learning via direct binary embedding

Learning binary representation is essential to large-scale computer vision tasks. Most existing algorithms require a separate quantization constraint to learn effective hashing functions. In this work, we present Direct Binary Embedding (DBE), a simple yet very effective algorithm to learn binary representation in an end-to-end fashion. By appending an ingeniously designed DBE layer to the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), DBE learns binary code directly from the continuous DBE layer activation without quantization error. By employing the deep residual network (ResNet) as DCNN component, DBE captures rich semantics from images. Furthermore, in the effort of handling multilabel images, we design a joint cross entropy loss that includes both softmax cross entropy and weighted binary cross entropy in consideration of the correlation and independence of labels, respectively. Extensive experiments demonstrate the significant superiority of DBE over state-of-the-art methods on tasks of natural object recognition, image retrieval and image annotation.
Organizational intellectual capital and the role of the nurse manager: A proposed conceptual model.

Abstract Background Nurse managers must leverage both the human capital and social capital of the teams they lead in order to produce quality outcomes. Little is known about the relationship between human capital and social capital and how these concepts may work together to produce organizational outcomes through leadership of nurses. Purpose The purpose of this article was to explore the concepts of human capital and social capital as they relate to nursing leadership in health care organizations. Specific aims included (a) to synthesize the literature related to human capital and social capital in leadership, (b) to refine the conceptual definitions of human capital and social capital with associated conceptual antecedents and consequences, and (c) to propose a synthesized conceptual model guiding further empirical research of social capital and human capital in nursing leadership. Methods A systematic integrative review of leadership literature using criteria informed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was completed. CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Academic Search Premier, Business Source Premier, Health Business FullTEXT, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO databases were searched for the years 1995 to 2016 using terms “human capital,” “social capital,” and “management.” Discussion Analysis of conceptual definitions, theoretical and conceptual models, antecedents and consequences, propositions or hypotheses, and empirical support for 37 articles fitting review criteria resulted in the synthesis of the proposed Gilbert Conceptual Model of Organizational Intellectual Capital. Conclusion The Gilbert Conceptual Model of Organizational Intellectual Capital advances the propositions of human capital theory and social capital theory and is the first model to conceptualize the direct and moderating effects that nurse leaders have on the human capital and social capital of the teams they lead. This model provides a framework for further empirical study and may have implications for practice, organizational policy, and education related to nursing leadership.
Reproductive factors and subtypes of breast cancer defined by hormone receptor and histology

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 3206 Introduction: Certain reproductive factors are known to protect against breast cancer, but less is known about whether they provide differential protection against subtypes of breast cancer. If reproductive factors act through hormonal mechanisms, they should protect predominantly against cancers expressing estrogen and progesterone receptors. Methods: We examined the effect of selected reproductive factors on subgroups of tumors defined by hormone receptor status as well as histology using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Women’s Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences (CARE) study, a multicenter case-control study of breast cancer among White and African-American women aged 35-64. The current analyses are based on data from 3,764 cases with known tumor hormone receptor status and 4,668 controls. The data were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Multiparity and early age at first birth were associated with a lower relative risk for ER+PR+ tumors (p for trend=0.0001 and 0.01 respectively) but not for ER-PR- tumors (p for trend=0.27 and 0.85), whereas duration of breastfeeding was associated with lower relative risk for both receptor negative (p for trend=0.0002) and receptor positive tumors (p=0.004). Our results were consistent across subgroups of women defined by age (< 50 versus ≥50) and race. We found few significant differences by histologic subtype, although the strongest protective effect of multiparity was seen for mixed ductolobular tumors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that parity or multiparity and early age at first birth, but possibly not lactation, protect against breast cancer through hormonal mechanisms. These reproductive factors have similar protective effects on breast tumors of lobular and ductal origin.
Effects of Timeliness on the Trade Pattern between Primary and Processed Goods

This paper investigates the effect of timeliness in accessing the intermediate inputs on the trade pattern. In particular, any country that has a higher ability to transport goods on time has a comparative advantage in industries that place a higher value on the timely delivery of their inputs, and this comparative advantage pattern is stronger for processed goods than for primary goods. To do this, a measure for how intensively any industry demands for the timely delivery of its intermediate inputs is constructed combining Hummels and Schaur (2013)'s calculations of the time sensitivity of products with the input-output tables.
Joint Source–Channel Coding for Broadcasting Correlated Sources

This paper studies lossy transmission of a memoryless bivariate Gaussian source over a bandwidth-mismatched memoryless Gaussian broadcast channel with two receivers, where each receiver is interested in reconstructing only one source component. For both bandwidth expansion and compression regimes, novel hybrid digital/analog (HDA) coding schemes are proposed. With appropriate choice of parameters, our schemes are shown to specialize to separate source–channel coding studied by Gao and Tuncel, and is, therefore, superior to it in both bandwidth regimes. Our scheme for bandwidth expansion also outperforms the HDA coding scheme of Behroozi et al. On the other hand, if a proposed conjecture (supported by numerical observations) is indeed true, the same superiority follows for the bandwidth compression regime as well. Finally, when the bandwidth expansion/compression ratio approaches 1, both of our schemes become optimal as their performance approaches that of the bandwidth-matched scheme of Tian et al.
Simulation of parabolic flow on an eye-shaped domain with moving boundary

During the upstroke of a normal eye blink, the upper lid moves and paints a thin tear film over the exposed corneal and conjunctival surfaces. This thin tear film may be modeled by a nonlinear fourth-order PDE derived from lubrication theory. A challenge in the numerical simulation of this model is to include both the geometry of the eye and the movement of the eyelid. A pair of orthogonal and conformal maps transform a square into an approximate representation of the exposed ocular surface of a human eye. A spectral collocation method on the square produces relatively efficient solutions on the eye-shaped domain via these maps. The method is demonstrated on linear and nonlinear second-order diffusion equations and shown to have excellent accuracy as measured pointwise or by conservation checks. Future work will use the method for thin-film equations on the same type of domain.
Tables of SU(3) Isoscalar Factors

The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients of SU(3) are useful in calculations involving baryons and mesons, as well as in calculations involving arbitrary numbers of quarks. For the latter case, one needs the coupling constants between states of nonintegral hypercharges. The existing published tables are insufficient for many such applications, and therefore this collection has been compiled. This report supplies the isoscalar factors required to reconstruct the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for a large set of products of representations.
Spill Your (Trade) Secrets: Knowledge Networks as Innovation Drivers

Theories of intellectual property take the individual inventor or the firm as the unit of innovation. But studies in economic sociology show that in complex fields where knowledge is rapidly advancing and widely dispersed among different firms, the locus of innovation is neither an individual nor a single firm. Rather, innovative ideas originate in the informal networks of learning and collaboration that cut across firms. Understanding innovation in this subset of industries as emerging out of networks of informal information-sharing across firms challenges traditional utilitarian theories of trade secret law — which assume trade secret protection is needed to prevent excessive private, self-help efforts to preserve secrecy. Doctrinally, knowledge network research suggests that the scope of trade secret protection in these industries should be narrow. In these industries, strong trade secret rights that grant managers tight control over employee-inventors’ informal information-sharing practices are bad innovation policy. Rather, optimizing trade secret law requires tailoring the strength of protection to match industry characteristics, narrowing trade secret scope in those industries where informal information-sharing networks play a prominent role. In turn, because industry types tend to cluster around geographic centers, the importance of tailoring cautions against current trends towards uniformity by federalizing trade secret law and favors state experimentalism in designing trade secret law and policy.
Methodology for a dump design optimization in large-scale open pit mines

Modern large-scale open pit mines move hundreds of thousands of tonnes of material daily, from the loading sources to the destination zones, whether these are massive mine dumps or, to a lesser ext...
Timing of Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery at Term and Neonatal Outcomes

BACKGROUND Because of increased rates of respiratory complications, elective cesarean delivery is discouraged before 39 weeks of gestation unless there is evidence of fetal lung maturity. We assessed associations between elective cesarean delivery at term (37 weeks of gestation or longer) but before 39 weeks of gestation and neonatal outcomes. METHODS We studied a cohort of consecutive patients undergoing repeat cesarean sections performed at 19 centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network from 1999 through 2002. Women with viable singleton pregnancies delivered electively (i.e., before the onset of labor and without any recognized indications for delivery before 39 weeks of gestation) were included. The primary outcome was the composite of neonatal death and any of several adverse events, including respiratory complications, treated hypoglycemia, newborn sepsis, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU). RESULTS Of 24,077 repeat cesarean deliveries at term, 13,258 were performed electively; of these, 35.8% were performed before 39 completed weeks of gestation (6.3% at 37 weeks and 29.5% at 38 weeks) and 49.1% at 39 weeks of gestation. One neonatal death occurred. As compared with births at 39 weeks, births at 37 weeks and at 38 weeks were associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio for births at 37 weeks, 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 2.5; adjusted odds ratio for births at 38 weeks, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3 to 1.7; P for trend <0.001). The rates of adverse respiratory outcomes, mechanical ventilation, newborn sepsis, hypoglycemia, admission to the neonatal ICU, and hospitalization for 5 days or more were increased by a factor of 1.8 to 4.2 for births at 37 weeks and 1.3 to 2.1 for births at 38 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Elective repeat cesarean delivery before 39 weeks of gestation is common and is associated with respiratory and other adverse neonatal outcomes.
When Does Advice Impact Startup Performance

Why do some entrepreneurs thrive while others fail? We explore whether the advice entrepreneurs receive about managing their employees influences their startup's performance. We conducted a randomized field experiment in India with 100 high‐growth technology firms whose founders received in‐person advice from other entrepreneurs who varied in their managerial style. We find that entrepreneurs who received advice from peers with a formal approach to managing people—instituting regular meetings, setting goals consistently, and providing frequent feedback to employees—grew 28% larger and were 10 percentage points less likely to fail than those who got advice from peers with an informal approach to managing people, 2 years after our intervention. Entrepreneurs with MBAs or accelerator experience did not respond to this intervention, suggesting that formal training can limit the spread of peer advice.
Phonon anomalies and dynamic stripes

Abstract Stripe order where electrons self-organize into alternating periodic charge-rich and magnetically-ordered charge-poor parallel lines was proposed as a way of optimizing the kinetic energy of holes in a doped Mott insulator. Static stripes detected as extra peaks in diffraction patterns, appear in a number of oxide perovskites as well as some other systems. The more controversial dynamic stripes, which are not detectable by diffraction, may be universally present in copper oxide superconductors. Thus it is important to learn how to detect dynamic stripes as well as to understand their influence on electronic properties. This review article focuses on lattice vibrations (phonons) that might show signatures of the charge component of dynamic stripes. The first part of the article describes recent progress in learning about how the phonon signatures of different types of electronic charge fluctuations including stripes can be distinguished from purely structural instabilities and from each other. Then I will focus on the evidence for dynamic stripes in the phonon spectra of copper oxide superconductors.
Low cost multicast authentication via validity voting in time-triggered embedded control networks

Wired embedded networks must include multicast authentication to prevent masquerade attacks within the network. However, unique constraints for these networks make most existing multicast authentication techniques impractical. Our previous work provides multicast authentication for time-triggered applications on embedded networks by validating truncated message authentication codes across multiple packets. In this work, we improve overall bandwidth efficiency and reduce authentication latency by using unanimous voting on message value and validity amongst a group of nodes. This technique decreases the probability of successful per-packet forgery by using one extra bit per additional voter, regardless of the number of total receivers. This can permit using fewer authentication bits per receiver. We derive an upper bound on the probability of successful forgery and experimentally verify it using simulated attacks. For example, we show that with two authentication bits per receiver, adding four additional bits per message to vote amongst four nodes reduces the probability of per-packet forgery by a factor of more than 100. When integrated with our prior work on time-triggered authentication, this technique reduces the number of authentication message rounds required for this example by a factor of three. Model-checking with AVISPA confirms data integrity and data origin authenticity for this approach.
Having your cake and eating it, too: Ohio’s proposals to re-regulate through power purchase agreements

Abstract Ohio’s recent experience with three multi-billion-dollar power purchase agreement cases raises new questions about the role of public utility commissions in deregulated markets. The PPA proposals would have effectively re-regulated utility’s generation businesses, guaranteeing returns on their generation units operating in a deregulated market. This article provides a concise summary of the core arguments of proponents, and analyzes the adverse effects of the proposals on both wholesale and retail electricity markets.
Mortgage Choice in Rural Housing

Rural homeownership is promoted in the United States by mortgage insurance programs administered by the federal government. We analyze the choice between assistance offered by two such agencies: th...
Mechanism design for policy routing

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) for inter-domain routing is designed to allow autonomous systems (ASes) to express policy preferences over alternative routes. We model these preferences as arising from an AS's underlying utility for each route and study the problem of finding a set of routes that maximizes the overall welfare (i.e., the sum of all ASes' utilities for their selected routes).We show that, if the utility functions are unrestricted, this problem is NP-hard even to approximate closely. We then study a natural class of restricted utilities that we call next-hop preferences. We present a strategyproof, polynomial-time computable mechanism for welfare-maximizing routing over this restricted domain. However, we show that, in contrast to earlier work on lowest-cost routing mechanism design, this mechanism appears to be incompatible with BGP and hence difficult to implement in the context of the current Internet. Our contributions include a new complexity measure for Internet algorithms, dynamic stability, which may be useful in other problem domains.
Saralasin Acetate Test in Renal Transplant Hypertension: Report of 17 Cases and a Review of the Literature

• The saralasin acetate test was performed in 17 hypertensive patients with renal transplants. These results were compared with 39 previously published reports of transplant patients who had been tested in the same manner. Eighty-two percent of our patients had a positive saralasin acetate test, suggesting renin-dependent hypertension. Baseline plasma renin activity (PRA) was significantly higher in patients with positive tests (6.96±1.75 v 2.88±0.53 ng/mL/hr). However, positive tests were obtained in several patients who had normoreninemia, and PRA levels did not correlate with the magnitude of vasodepressor BP response to saralasin. Transplant artery stenosis, acute rejection, and chronic rejection were the most common posttransplant complications associated with a positive test, but several patients had hypertension alone. While highly sensitive for renin-dependent hypertension posttransplantation, the test had poor specificity for identification of any one cause of posttransplant hypertension. ( Arch Intern Med 1984;144:65-68)