cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Is the Optimum Acetabular Component Position and Size in Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty? Influence of Stability Assessment and Impingement

Introduction Acetabular component position is an important determinant of stability, wear and impingement following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Its optimum position and size in direct anterior approach (DAA) THA has not been clearly described in previous studies. Our aim was to study the evolution of the same with reference to stability and impingement as a part of a single surgeon9s learning curve. Methods Clinical and radiographic records of first 300 consecutive DAA THAs performed by a single surgeon from April 2009 to April 2011 were reviewed from a prospective database at a single center. Radiographic analysis was done by two observers to determine acetabular inclination and anteversion on 6 week postoperative standing radiographs. Native femoral head size, measured on preoperative radiographs after adjusting for magnification, was used to calculate the native acetabular cup size. The study population was divided into three groups; Group A– 1 st 100 DAA THA cases, Group B – 2 nd 100 and Group C – 3 rd 100 corresponding to the use of intraoperative anterior stability assessment (Group B and C) and change in the cup size strategy (Group C). The incidence of instability and psoas impingement (PI) –related groin pain at 2 year follow-up was determined for the three groups. Statistical analysis was done to see if there were differences in these clinical and radiographic outcome measures in the three groups. Results Mean values for abduction were similar in all the groups. Mean anteversion was significantly lower in Group B [12.5° (± 3.3°)] and C [13.6 °(± 2.3°)] as compared to group A [24.3°(± 7.5°)]. The difference between the implanted cup size and calculated native cup size was significantly higher in Group A [5.2(± 2.1) mm] and group B [5.8 (± 2.60 mm] as compared to group C [1.4 (± 1.4) mm] (Figure 1). There were 2 anterior dislocations in group A with none in the other groups. The incidence of PI-related groin pain was higher in group B (12%) as compared to group A (2%) and group C (2%). For PI related groin pain, an arthroscopic psoas release was performed in 3 patients and cup revision in 1 patient. Discussion For optimum anterior stability, the target cup anteversion is lower in the DAA. Increasing the cup size makes the use of large heads possible. However, the implanted cup size should be as close to the native cup size with DAA THA to avoid anterior overhang (psoas impingement) or posterior overhang (cup-neck impingement and anterior instability).
Escaping the iron cage: Developing economy multinational enterprises and CSR reporting

Drawing on neo-institutional theory, we argue that developing- economy multinational enterprises (DE-MNEs) face legitimation challenges in their host countries stemming from home-country institutio...
Studies on Ascoidea Rubescens I. History and Development

(1931). Studies on Ascoidea Rubescens I. History and Development. Mycologia: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 51-76.
The Fear Of Sex Preselection: Unwarranted Or Justified?

Analyse des problemes ethiques poses par la preselection du sexe des enfants grâce a l'ingenierie genetique
Does the hepatitis G virus cause hepatitis

As many as 10% to 20% of presumed viral hepatitis cases are serologically non-A-E. Recently, two groups of investigators independently isolated a viral agent that may contribute to non-A-E viral hepatitis. This virus, named hepatitis G or GB virus C (HGV/GBV-C), is present in about 2% of accepted US blood donations. This paper reviews both the details involving isolation of the virus and the current epidemiological data, and shows that the accumulated evidence to date does not support the claim that HGV/GBV-C is responsible for non-A-E viral hepatitis.
Hyperinsulinemia compensates for infection-induced impairment in net hepatic glucose uptake during TPN

In animals receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), infection impairs net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) by 40% and induces mild hyperinsulinemia. In the normal animal, the majority of the glucos...
Poisonivy: safe speculation for secure memory

Encryption and integrity trees guard against physical attacks, but harm performance. Prior academic work has speculated around the latency of integrity verification, but has done so in an insecure manner. No industrial implementations of secure processors have included speculation. This work presents PoisonIvy, a mechanism which speculatively uses data before its integrity has been verified while preserving security and closing address-based side-channels. PoisonIvy reduces performance overheads from 40% to 20% for memory intensive workloads and down to 1.8%, on average.
Structural basis for guanidine sensing by the ykkC family of riboswitches.

Regulation of gene expression by cis-encoded riboswitches is a prevalent theme in bacteria. Of the hundreds of riboswitch families identified, the majority of them remain as orphans, without a clear ligand assignment. The ykkC orphan family was recently characterized as guanidine-sensing riboswitches. Herein we present a 2.3 A crystal structure of the guanidine-bound ykkC riboswitch from Dickeya dadantii The riboswitch folds into a boot-shaped structure, with a coaxially stacked P1/P2 stem forming the boot, and a 3'-P3 stem-loop forming the heel. Sophisticated base-pairing and cross-helix tertiary contacts give rise to the ligand-binding pocket between the boot and the heel. The guanidine is recognized in its positively charged guanidinium form, in its sp2 hybridization state, through a network of coplanar hydrogen bonds and by a cation-π stacking contact on top of a conserved guanosine residue. Disruption of these contacts resulted in severe guanidinium-binding defects. These results provide the structural basis for specific guanidine sensing by ykkC riboswitches and pave the way for a deeper understanding of guanidine detoxification-a previously unappreciated aspect of bacterial physiology.
Flexible Endoscopic Transvaginal Cholecystectomy

One of the first human NOTES cases reported in the literature was that of transvaginal cholecystectomy. Although early attempts at human NOTES were primarily via the transgastric route, surgeons quickly realized that the transgastric route to the gallbladder was complicated by the need to be in the retroflexed position for the duration of the case. Transvaginal cholecystectomy, on the other hand, presented forward access to the gallbladder, which was technically much simpler to achieve and potentially safer for the patients. While both rigid and flexible endoscopic approaches to the gallbladder are well described, this chapter focuses on flexible endoscopic surgical technique. Transvaginal surgery also had the advantage of facile access to the abdomen without the need for visceral closure. There are multiple published case reports and small series describing good results with flexible endoscopic transvaginal surgery. The author’s own series is also detailed. A recent, multicenter, randomized trial comparing transvaginal cholecystectomy with laparoscopic cholecystectomy successfully showed that the transvaginal approach was non-inferior. Although the results show that this approach to gallbladder surgery is safe and effective, issues of time, instrument availability, and cost continue to hinder its widespread adoption.
A bridging fault model for line coverage in the presence of undetected transition faults

A variety of fault models have been defined to capture the behaviors of commonly occurring defects and ensure a high quality of testing. When several fault models are used for test generation, it is advantageous if the existence of an undetectable fault in one model does not imply that a fault in the same component but from a different model is also undetectable. This allows a test set to cover the circuit more thoroughly when additional fault models are used. This paper studies the possibility of defining such fault models by considering transition faults as the first fault model, and bridging faults as the second fault model. The bridging faults are defined to cover lines for which transition faults are not detected. A test compaction procedure is used for demonstrating the bridging fault coverage that can be achieved, and the effect on the number of tests.
Communicative behaviours of sibling dyads composed of a child with autism and a typically developing child

This study documented the communicative behaviors exhibited by sibling dyads comprised of one typically developing child and his/her sibling with autism. Six US families participated in one 45-minute home observation of sibling interactions, a 20-minute semi-structured interview with the typically developing child, and a 20-minute semi-structured interview with the siblings’ parents. Dyads varied across birth order, ages, and genders. Observational data were coded to reveal 38 categories of communicative behaviors and their frequency of occurrence. Interviews yielded information about the siblings’ usual interactions and parents’ perceptions about their children’s relationships. Families provided evidence of sibling support for the communication skills of the child with autism. Findings have implications for siblingmediated facilitation of communicative behaviors in children with autism.
Chapter 14 – How Many Genes Does it Take to Make a Behavior?

Do the genes that affect behavior act alone or in combination? In epistatic models, we expect that behavioral differences arise owing to the combined action of two or more variants. Despite the complexity of the brain and the thousands of genes essential for brain function, twin studies surprisingly support additive models of inheritance in behavior and most psychiatric diseases. However, the complexity of the genetic behavioral program leads to great genetic heterogeneity.
Observations From the Architects of the Fields of Learning Disabilities and Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities:

In 2010, Intervention in School and Clinic undertook a project to interview “giants” in the fields of learning disabilities and emotional/behavioral disabilities. The purpose of the interviews was ...
Comparison of Different Machine Learning Algorithms for Multiple Regression on Black Friday Sales Data

During the Black Friday sale, all the retail shops are crowded. Most products are marked down with discounts and customers rush in to buy the products. It is difficult for customers to buy the products even with a solid plan. But, the shop owners face even more difficulty on controlling the crowd with limited staff and in targeting prospective customers. Several techniques have been employed to tackle this problem, but they are not that successful. A prediction model is a technique that has proved promising in solving the problem. This study focuses on the field of prediction models to develop an accurate and efficient algorithm to analyze the customer spending in the past and output the future spending of the customers with same features. In this study, different machine learning techniques such as regression and neural network to develop a prediction model are implemented and a comparison is done based on their performance and accuracy of prediction. These techniques are implemented using different algorithms and on different platforms to find the best predication. We implemented seven different machine learning algorithms. Further, this study discusses the data pre-processing and visualization techniques employed to attain the optimal results.
Intraoperative evaluation of acetabular cup position during anterior approach total hip arthroplasty: are we accurately interpreting?

Introduction:Intraoperative radiographic evaluation during total hip arthroplasty (THA) has shown to improve the accuracy of acetabular component placement, however, differences in interpretation b...
Oil and aid revenue produce equal demands for accountability as taxes in Ghana and Uganda.

Received wisdom argues that citizens more readily demand accountability from government for taxes than for nontax revenue from oil or foreign aid, giving rise to an important mechanism underlying the “resource curse,” which posits that nontax revenue causes citizen quiescence and hampers government accountability. However, in developing countries, obfuscation through value-added taxes and strong popular feelings of ownership over all revenues may minimize differences across revenue sources. Identical experiments on representative samples of Ghanaians and Ugandans, and similar experiments on members of parliament, probe the effects of different sources and delivery channels of government revenues on citizens’ actions to monitor governments and members of parliament (MPs’) beliefs about accountability pressures. Roughly half of all citizens take action to monitor all 3 sources. However, neither Ghanaians nor Ugandans demand more accountability for taxes than oil or aid when the revenues go to the government. MPs likewise saw no difference. Citizens do differentiate between aid money given to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) compared with revenues delivered to the government. Findings are robust to numerous alternatives and subgroups. Against strong expectations from prior research, little evidence exists showing that taxes strengthen citizens’ demands for accountability or that MPs perceive differences across revenue sources in these 2 representative African countries. However, aid channeled through NGOs motivates more accountability pressures.
Levels and Hierarchy in Complex Systems: What Gets Diabetes?

Even if the world were only complicated, it would still defy human comprehension. It is far too immense. We need methods to aid in our apprehension of the world in its entirety. Fortunately, the world seems to be organized in a way that allows us to see it in levels that vary in scale and composition, organized in a hierarchical fashion. The concept of levels has a long history going back to Aristotle who ordered living things based on the biological functions of the soul. A hierarchy provides a structured way of thinking across scale and identifying shared aspects of structures, processes or patterns of behavior. Hierarchical living systems can be described as being built from components that are individually “simple” and that interact with each other in relatively “simple” ways; yet at another level of analysis these systems exhibit some “complex” overall behavior that is not readily predictable from the subunits themselves. The importance of higher levels of the living systems hierarchy has become clearer and it becomes a legitimate question to ask what (and not who) gets diabetes, e.g., the genes? The beta cells? The individual? The family? Friends? Community? Society? Each level constitutes a context for the next lower level and a yes answer has major implications for how interventions should be designed.
Efficient Alignment Free Sequence Comparison with Bounded Mismatches

Alignment free sequence comparison methods are attracting persistent interest, driven by data-intensive applications in genome-wide molecular taxonomy and phylogentic reconstruction. Among the methods based on substring composition, the Average Common Substring (\(\mathsf {ACS}\)) measure proposed by Burstein et al. (RECOMB 2005) admits a straightforward linear time sequence comparison algorithm, while yielding impressive results in multiple applications. An important direction of research is to extend the approach to permit a bounded edit/hamming distance between substrings, so as to reflect more accurately the evolutionary process. To date, however, algorithms designed to incorporate \(k \ge 1\) mismatches have \(O(kn^2)\) worst-case complexity, worse than the \(O(n^2)\) alignment algorithms they are meant to replace. On the other hand, accounting for mismatches does show to lead to much improved classification, while heuristics can improve practical performance. In this paper, we close the gap by presenting the first provably efficient algorithm for the \(k\) -mismatch average common string (\(\mathsf {ACS}_k\)) problem that takes \(O(n)\) space and \(O(n\log ^{k+1} n)\) time in the worst case for any constant \(k\). Our method extends the generalized suffix tree model to incorporate a carefully selected bounded set of perturbed suffixes, and can be applicable to other complex approximate sequence matching problems.
Development of a CS0 course at Western New Mexico University

The Mathematics and Computer Science Department at Western New Mexico University has developed a CS0 (Introduction to Computer Science) course that introduces computer science fundamentals. We have noted that students who take this course are primarily from our two-year Networking Technology program, education or social science majors while a smaller percentage are planning to continue their education in CS. As a result of the student's varied entering background and degree interest, a broad-based course was necessary.This paper discusses the development of the CS0 course at WNMU's Computer Science department. While the main focus of this course is to prepare our learners for the next course in the Computer Science sequence, the CS1 course, the CS0 course introduces several key computer science and programming concepts are introduced including variables, identifiers, addressing, searching, and an introduction to algorithms.This paper introduces WNMU's background in developing the CS0 course, the course goals and strategies and highlights items on our course syllabus. The intention of this article is to provide an initial forum for other schools considering the implementation of a CS0 course in their Computer Science curricula.
Investigation of Hybrid Battery/Ultracapacitor Electrode Customization for Energy Storage Applications With Different Energy and Power Requirements Using HPPC Cycling

This article explores hybrid energy storage devices in which an individual electrode is composed of a mixture of the active materials used in lithium-ion batteries and ultracapacitors, allowing them to exhibit characteristics of both device types. In order to explore the breadth of options between a pure battery electrode and a pure ultracapacitor electrode, seven different electrode compositions containing mixtures of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) and activated carbon have been investigated. The hybrid electrodes have been implemented in an aqueous lithium sulfate electrolyte with single-electrode measurements using a reference electrode. The hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) test profile has been employed to characterize the energy and power capability of each electrode composition. An approach for converting single-electrode cycling results to full cell predictions suitable for the HPPC analysis procedure is presented. By executing this procedure, battery scale factors representing estimates of the quantity of active material required to achieve a set of energy storage target requirements have been calculated. Models of full 18650-format hybrid cells are developed to extend results to optimize a tailored energy storage system on the basis of total cell mass and volume. These results show that the required amount of active materials, total mass, or total volume of an energy storage system can be minimized for a given application by using a hybrid electrode and adjusting the constituent fraction of battery and ultracapacitor materials.
CDC-supported epilepsy surveillance and epidemiologic studies: A review of progress since 1994.

Abstract To report progress, to identify gaps, and to plan epilepsy surveillance and research activities more effectively, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Epilepsy Program has summarized findings from selected CDC-supported surveillance and epidemiologic studies about epilepsy from 1994 through 2019. We identified publications supported by CDC funding and publications conducted by the CDC Epilepsy Program alone or with partners. We included only epilepsy surveillance and epidemiologic studies focusing on epilepsy burden, epilepsy-related outcomes, and healthcare utilization. We describe the findings of these studies in the following order: 1)prevalence; 2)incidence; 3)epilepsy-related outcomes by selected demographic characteristics; 4)cysticercosis or neurocysticercosis (NCC); 5)traumatic brain injury (TBI); 6)comorbidity; 7)mortality; 8)access to care; 9)quality of care; and 10) cost. We have characterized these findings in relation to the scope of the first three domains of the 2012 Institute of Medicine report on epilepsy and its relevant first four recommendations. From 1994 through 2019, 76 publications on epilepsy-related epidemiologic and surveillance studies were identified. Over the past 25 years, CDC has expanded community, state, and national surveillance on epilepsy and supported epidemiologic studies by using multiple assessment methods and validated case-ascertainment criteria to identify epilepsy burden, epilepsy-related outcomes, and healthcare utilization in the general population or in population subgroups. Among identified research opportunities, studies on epilepsy incidence and risk factors, mortality, and cost are considered as important surveillance gaps. Other remaining gaps and suggested surveillance strategies are also proposed. Findings from this review may help epilepsy researchers and other stakeholders reference and prioritize future activities for epidemiologic and surveillance studies in epilepsy.
Small Signal Model of Dual Active Bridge Converter for Multi-Phase Shift Modulation

The derivation of small signal model of bidirectional dc-dc dual active bridge (DAB) converter under multi-phase shift including the conventional single phase shift (SPS), dual phase shift (DPS) and triple phase shift (TPS) modulation is presented in this paper. Full order continuous time generalized average model has been developed for different modulation strategies and control variables to output voltage transfer functions analytical equations have been derived. Also, open loop responses of the DAB converter based on the developed model have been plotted and frequency response estimation simulation is performed in Simulink to compare the accuracy of the model. Finally, a proportional integral (PI) controller has been designed for each of the modulation methods and the effectiveness of the controller has been demonstrated through simulation.
Liberal Beginnings: Making a Republic for the Moderns

The book examines the origins and development of the modern liberal tradition and explores the relationship between republicanism and liberalism between 1750 and 1830. The authors consider the diverse settings of Scotland, the American colonies, the new United States, and France and examine the writings of six leading thinkers of this period: Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson, James Madison, Thomas Paine, Germaine de Stael, and Benjamin Constant. The book traces the process by which these thinkers transformed and advanced the republican project, both from within and by introducing new elements from without. Without compromising civic principles or abandoning republican language, they came to see that unrevised, the republican tradition could not grapple successfully with the political problems of their time. By investing new meanings, arguments, and justifications into existing republican ideas and political forms, these innovators fashioned a doctrine for a modern republic, the core of which was surprisingly liberal.
Fluorescence of Petroleum Products I. Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Plots of Motor Oils and Lubricants

The technique of three-dimensional fluorescence is employed in the analysis of unused motor oils and selected machine lubricants. This technique provides much more spectral information than is available from conventional forms of fluorescence spectroscopy. A method for direct comparison of three-dimensional plots to determine if a common source exists is also presented.
Monitoring of Biomedical License Agreements

Because technology licensed from research organizations can play a significant role in drug innovation and the generation of novel biomedical products, licensee performance under such agreements must be effectively monitored. This is necessary so that resultant benefits, including public health improvement, may be returned to the innovator(s) as well as society at large. The tasks that comprise monitoring are varied, but all come under the general heading of ‘enforcement of license provisions’.
IDENTIFICATION OF COLEMAN'S SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIUM AS A MESOPHILIC RELATIVE OF CLOSTRIDIUM NIGRIFICANS.

Abstract Postgate, John R. (University of Illinois, Urbana) and L. Leon Campbell. Identification of Coleman's sulfate-reducing bacterium as a mesophilic relative of Clostridium nigrificans. J. Bacteriol. 86:274–279. 1963.—Coleman's sulfate-reducing bacterium is immunologically and morphologically similar to Clostridium nigrificans and unlike Desulfovibrio species. It is not thermophilic and does not acquire the thermophilic habit; it is thus the first naturally occurring mesophilic member of this group to be described.
PULMONARY ATRESIA WITH DILATED RIGHT VENTRICLE. A CASE WITH CONGENITAL ATRIAL FLUTTER.

Abstract A case is reported of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and enlarged right ventricle in a newborn infant who had associated congenital atrial flutter. Immediately after birth this infant exhibited profound right heart failure and frank tricuspid insufficiency with a vigorously pulsating liver. This clinical picture has not been previously reported in humans with this congenital malformation and is thought to be due to the combined hemodynamics of both problems. A review of 22 patients whose only problem was a similar cardiac malformation reveals that early surgical intervention affords the only opportunity for survival beyond infancy. This fact re-emphasizes the necessity for prompt cardiac evaluation. Reports of 17 patients with congenital atrial flutter were reviewed. It was common to find some evidence of cardiac decompensation at birth; symptoms gradually became more severe if the arrhythmia persisted. Spontaneous reversion of the flutter to another rhythm rarely occurred. Digitalis was the most effective drug used to achieve a normal sinus mechanism. Once reverted to normal sinus rhythm, the flutter did not recur. The association of this arrhythmia with a congenital cardiac malformation has been attended by a severe morbidity and a high mortality.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist CP‐105,696 in man following single oral administration

Aims CP-105,696, (+)-1-(3S,4R)-[3-(4-phenylbenzyl)-4-hydroxy-chroman-7-yl] cyclopropane carboxylic acid is a potent, novel LTB4 receptor antagonist advanced to clinical trials to determine its efficacy in inflammatory diseases. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CP-105,696 were investigated in healthy male volunteers following oral administration of single doses of 5 to 640 mg. Methods Forty-eight subjects participated in a randomized, double-blind, parallel group study. Plasma and urine concentrations of CP-105,696 were determined at intervals after drug administration. As an indication of LTB4 receptor antagonism following oral administration of CP-105,696, the inhibiton of LTB4-induced upregulation of the neutrophil cell surface complement receptor (CR3), CD11b/CD18, was monitored at 4 h following drug administration using an ex vivo whole blood flow cytometry assay. Results Cmax and AUC(0,∞) increased in a dose-related manner. Respective mean Cmax values were 0.54 to 30.41 μg ml−1 following doses of 5 to 640 mg. Respective mean AUC(0,∞) values were 1337 to 16819 μg ml−1 h for the 40 to 640 mg dose groups. Plasma concentrations declined in a monoexponential manner, with terminal elimination half-lives ranging from 289 to 495 h. Group mean terminal elimination half-lives were dose-independent. Urinary excretion of unchanged drug accounted for <1% of the administered dose. A linear relationship was observed between CP-105,696 plasma concentrations and inhibition of LTB4-mediated CD11b upregulation on human neutrophils in whole blood. CP-105,696 plasma concentrations of 5–6 μg ml−1 were necessary to elicit a two-fold shift to the right of the LTB4 concentration response curve for CD11b upregulation. Conclusions These studies demonstrate pharmacologically significant LTB4-receptor antagonism following a single dose of CP-105,696 and pharmacokinetics consistent with once-daily dosing.
No evolution of reduced resistance and compensation for psyllid herbivory by the invasive Genista monspessulana

The evolution of redirecting resources from plant defense to growth or reproduction may explain why some exotic species are successful invaders in new environments. For example, the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis posits that escape from herbivores by invasive plants results in the selection of more vigorous genotypes that reduce their allocation of resources to defense. In addition, understanding the defense strategy of an invasive plant may help forecast the likely impact of herbivory. We tested the prediction of reduced defense (i.e., resistance) in Genista monspessulana, measured indirectly as the performance of a specialist psyllid herbivore, by comparing five native and introduced plant populations. We also examined the ability of G. monspessulana to compensate for herbivory in the presence and the absence of psyllids for a single plant population from the native and introduced regions. Plant origin (native or introduced) did not influence the psyllid’s abundance and population growth rate, suggesting no change in resistance to herbivory for introduced plants. Similarly, we found no overall difference in plant performance between individuals in the presence and the absence of psyllid herbivory, suggesting that G. monspessulana was able to fully compensate for herbivory. Damaged plants compensated by changing the pattern of branching, which also resulted in greater dry leaf biomass. We conclude that evolution of reduced defenses does not explain the success of G. monspessulana as an invader and that compensation for herbivory may limit the efficacy of the psyllid as a biological control agent.
Elucidation of the roles of the Src kinases in pancreatic acinar cell signaling.

Recent studies report the Src-family kinases (SFK's) are important in a number of physiological and pathophysiological responses of pancreatic acinar cells (pancreatitis, growth, apoptosis); however, the role of SFKs in various signaling cascades important in mediating these cell functions is either not investigated or unclear. To address this we investigated the action of SFKs in these signaling cascades in rat pancreatic acini by modulating SFK activity using three methods: adenovirus-induced expression of an inactive dominant-negative CSK (Dn-CSK-Advirus) or wild-type CSK (Wt-CSK-Advirus), which activate or inhibit SFK, respectively, or using the chemical inhibitor, PP2, with its inactive control, PP3. CCK (0.3, 100 nM) and TPA (1 μM) activated SFK and altered the activation of FAK proteins (PYK2, p125FAK), adaptor proteins (p130CAS, paxillin), MAPK (p42/44, JNK, p38), Shc, PKC (PKD, MARCKS), Akt but not GSK3-β. Changes in SFK activity by using the three methods of altering SFK activity affected CCK/TPAs activation of SFK, PYK2, p125FAK, p130CAS, Shc, paxillin, Akt but not p42/44, JNK, p38, PKC (PKD, MARCKS) or GSK3-β. With chemical inhibition the active SFK inhibitor, PP2, but not the inactive control analogue, PP3, showed these effects. For all stimulated changes pre-incubation with both adenoviruses showed similar effects to chemical inhibition of SFK activity. In conclusion, using three different approaches to altering Src activity allowed us to define fully for the first time the roles of SFKs in acinar cell signaling. Our results show that in pancreatic acinar cells, SFKs play a much wider role than previously reported in activating a number of important cellular signaling cascades shown to be important in mediating both acinar cell physiological and pathophysiological responses. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 22–36, 2015. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A single transmitter regulates gene expression through two separate mechanisms: cholinergic regulation of phenylethanolamine N- methyltransferase mRNA via nicotinic and muscarinic pathways

ACh regulates the gene encoding phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. In addition to stimulating catecholamine release from these cells, cholinergic agents elevate transcription of the PNMT gene. Carbachol, which activates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, produces 12-19-fold increases in PNMT mRNA and a 22-fold increase in epinephrine release. Selective nicotinic and muscarinic antagonists (hexamethonium and atropine) each partially reduce carbachol-stimulated increases in PNMT mRNA while a combination of both eliminates > 90% of the carbachol response, thus indicating that separable nicotinic and muscarinic components contribute to the cholinergic increase in PNMT mRNA. Muscarine alone produces a dose-dependent increase (mean sixfold) in steady state PNMT mRNA levels and stimulates the rate of transcription fivefold. Only atropine and the m3-m4-selective muscarinic antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-4-methyl-piperidine (4-DAMP) reduce the response to muscarine, strongly suggesting that the m4 receptor is crucial for PNMT mRNA activation. In these chromaffin cells, muscarine inhibits adenylate cyclase, antagonist bind with affinities characteristic of m4 receptors, and cDNA hybridization detects only m4 mRNAs (Fernando et al., 1991). Nicotine also induces a dose-dependent increase (mean of 8.5-fold) in PNMT mRNA levels. The importance of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the nicotine effect is demonstrated by the stimulatory effects of calcium ionophores on PNMT mRNA levels (two-to fivefold increase) and the ability of the L- and N-type channel blockers nifedipine and omega-conotoxin to decrease the nicotine response (by 60% and 40%, respectively). Nuclear "run-on" assays further reveal that nicotine enhances transcription of the PNMT gene (approximately fourfold). Thus, this study provides the first demonstration that both nicotinic and muscarinic stimulation modify genomic responses of bovine adrenergic chromaffin cells and identifies possible mechanisms.
Case Studies in the Management of Metastatic Breast Cancer with Eribulin

Outcomes for triple-negative or hormone-refractory metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are poor and treatment options are limited. Described herein are cases of two women who developed MBC following adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative ductal carcinoma. Both underwent treatment with fulvestrant, followed by paclitaxel and letrozole or nab-paclitaxel. Following disease progression, both patients started single-agent eribulin mesylate (1.4 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle). The first patient is currently continuing on eribulin at full dose, despite interruption for hip surgery and the presence of grade 1 neuropathy in the hands and feet. The second patient had a partial response with eribulin, which was sustained for 4 months. She was able to tolerate the full dose of eribulin despite slight worsening of the neuropathy that was present at baseline. Eribulin may be a beneficial option for hormone-refractory MBC with extensive treatment experience.
6-Substituted acridizinium derivatives

Through quaternization of an acetal of picolinaldehyde with suitable α-haloalkylarenes, a number of acridizinium salts, having a substituent at the meso position adjacent to nitrogen, have been prepared. Similarly, the ketal derived from α-acetopyridine has been used to prepare the first acridizinium derivatives having methyl groups at both of the meso positions.
Dentitional surface features in snakes (Reptilia: Serpentes)

The complexity of snake tooth morphology is more varied than has been recognized in functional, evolutionary, or taxonomic studies. We surveyed a broad sample of species across taxonomic groups to document and summarize the variation present. Our survey included a scoring of dentitional features of 1169 specimens representing 611 species of snakes on four dentiferous bones (dentary, pterygoid, palatine, maxilla). Besides presence or absence of teeth on these bones, we ranked the tooth type on each bone on the basis of a four category system: basic, furrowed, grooved, or hollow tooth. Basic teeth, without surface recesses or grooves, were the most common tooth type. Hollow teeth (fangs) were found most commonly on the maxilla and grooved teeth were often adjacent. Grooved teeth, when present, were found only on the maxilla although teeth with furrows, shallow creases in the surface enamel, were found in low numbers on the dentary, pterygoid, and palatine. Teeth exhibited further specializations, including multiple grooves, basal reinforcing ridges, development of a blade-like design, variation in the degree to which the secondary groove in hollow teeth might be in evidence, and variation in the position of the groove along the shaft of the tooth.
PRESUMABLY INNATE AND ACQUIRED PROCESSES IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION AND/OR READING DISORDERS

Innate and acquired automatic information processing was compared in non-problem students and three groups of educationally troublesome children: two normal reading groups with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), one without and one with hyperactivity, and a non-hyperactive Reading Disabled (RD) group. All groups displayed reliable, presumably innate, automatic processing on measures of temporal and frequency sensitivity, but the two ADD groups made less precise judgements than controls. Contrasted with controls, all clinical groups exhibited delayed automatization in arithmetic computation, but the handicapped groups did not differ from controls on other measures of acquired automatization (speed of writing and naming).
A New Class of Incremental Gradient Methods for Least Squares Problems

The least mean squares (LMS) method for linear least squares problems differs from the steepest descent method in that it processes data blocks one-by-one, with intermediate adjustment of the parameter vector under optimization. This mode of operation often leads to faster convergence when far from the eventual limit and to slower (sublinear) convergence when close to the optimal solution. We embed both LMS and steepest descent, as well as other intermediate methods, within a one-parameter class of algorithms, and we propose a hybrid class of methods that combine the faster early convergence rate of LMS with the faster ultimate linear convergence rate of steepest descent. These methods are well suited for neural network training problems with large data sets. Furthermore, these methods allow the effective use of scaling based, for example, on diagonal or other approximations of the Hessian matrix.
Effects of test temperature, grain size, and alloy additions on the cleavage fracture stress of polycrystalline niobium

The current work investigates the effects of test temperature (77 to 131 K), grain size (63 to 165 µm), and solid solution alloying additions of zirconium on the cleavage fracture stress (σF) of polycrystalline niobium. Extensive fracture surface analyses of fractured notched-bend specimens revealed the location of the apparent cleavage fracture nucleation sites, while comparisons have been made to peak stress locations using existing finite element models. The effects of such microstructural changes on the magnitude of the cleavage fracture stress are rationalized via comparisons to models for cleavage fracture.
Feeding damage to several leguminous and non-leguminous plants by the Egyptian alfalfa weevil.

The Egyptian alfalfa weevil, Hypera brunneipennis Boheman, was observed causing damage to a wide range of leguminous and non-leguminous plants during the spring of 1973. We feel that this unusual feeding behavior on the non-leguminous species was the result of the weevils' search for moisture associated with above average temperatures, rather than an expansion of host range. Large aggregations of H. brunneipennis, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, and a Coccinella sp. were found aestivating together in several habitats suggesting that these 3 species share similar requirements for this particular stage in their life cycle.
Modeling of Deformations in a Ring Shaped Workpiece Due to Chucking and Cutting Forces

This paper presents a theoretical model for predicting the elastic deformations of ring-type workpieces due to in-plane chucking and cutting forces applied in turning processes. The model is derived from classical elasticity theory for bending of thin rings. Experimental results are presented to verify the strengths and limitations of this model. The results from a finite element model are also presented for comparison. For the ring diameters and radial chucking loads considered in this work, it is shown that the theoretical model is accurate to within 11% of the measured radial deformations for rings with inner-to-outer diameter ratio (Din /Dout ) of 0.881. The finite element model is shown to yield slightly better results. The applicability of the theoretical model is illustrated by using it to predict the surface error produced in turning of a ring.© 2002 ASME
Type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice detectors based on CBIRD design

The closely lattice-matched material system of InAs, GaSb, and AlSb, commonly referred to as the 6.1A material system, enables many unique approaches for producing high performance infrared detectors. The flexibility of the materials system allows for superlattice structures that can be tailored to have cutoff wavelengths ranging from the short wave infrared to the very long wave infrared. The type-II superlattice design promises high optical properties due to normal incidence absorption, high uniformity, low tunneling currents, and suppressed Auger recombination. The antimonide material system also allows for the design of high performance barrier structures. In particular, unipolar barriers, which blocks one carrier type without impeding the flow of the other, have been implemented in the design of SL photodetectors to realize complex heterodiodes with improved performance. Here we report on growth and device performance of infrared photodetectors based on type II InAs/Ga(In)Sb strain layer superlattices (SLs) using the complementary barrier infrared detector (CBIRD) design.
Vertical winds in the thermosphere within the polar cap

Abstract Vertical winds measured in the upper and lower thermosphere above the South Pole station show a predominantly diurnal variation with an average amplitude of 40 m/s and 10 m/s, respectively. Downward motion was typical of the dayside polar cap in the vicinity of the cusp and cleft, and upward motion of about the same magnitude occurred in the midnight sector. Observations during the June 1991 storm period showed that the amplitude of the diurnal variation was well correlated with the daily sum of K p or ΣK p , and also that the downward wind was the most sensitive to K p change. Vertical winds in excess of 150 m/s were observed on the most active day. These measurements bear strong similarities to vertical wind data from Longyearbyen, Svalbard, at a similar geomagnetic latitude in the northern hemisphere. It was found that the downward vertical wind was proportional to the calculated divergence of the horizontal wind with a constant of proportionality equal to about twice the typical scale height at the altitude of measurement. Following the arguments of Burnside et al. (1981) and Rees et al. (1984b), we show that there is good evidence that the observed vertical winds are driven by divergence in the horizontal wind.
Community Violence Exposure and Sexual Behaviors in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults: The Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Gender.

ABSTRACTThis study examined whether exposure to community violence was related to sexual risk behaviors in a nationally representative sample of young adults and if there were gender or racial/ethnic differences in these relationships. The analytic sample for this study was drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and was composed of 7,726 unmarried, heterosexual African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic/Latino young adults aged 18 to 27 years old. Approximately 12% of participants reported some community violence exposures, with men and African Americans reporting the highest rates of such exposures. Regression analyses controlling for age, gender, parental education, and family structure indicated that exposures to community violence were associated with earlier sexual debut history, a higher number of sexual partners within the previous 12 months, and a higher number of total sexual partners. Additionally, violence exposures had stronger effects for males and weaker effects for A...
Measurement of electrode overpotentials for direct hydrocarbon conversion fuel cells

Abstract Cathodic and anodic overpotentials were measured using current interruption and AC impedance spectroscopy for two separate solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The fuel cells used yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the electrolyte, strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) as the cathode, and a porous YSZ layer impregnated with copper and ceria as the anode. The Cu/CeO2/YSZ anode is active for the direct conversion of hydrocarbon fuels. Overpotentials measured using both current interruption and impedance spectroscopy for the fuel cell operating at 700 °C on both hydrogen and n-butane fuels are reported. In addition to providing the first electrode overpotential measurements for direct conversion fuel cells with Cu-based anodes, the results demonstrate that there may be significant uncertainties in measurements of electrode overpotentials for systems where there is a large difference between the characteristic frequencies of the anode and cathode processes and/or complex electrode kinetics.
A semi-empirical model for the X-ray Si(Li) detector response function

Abstract The entire response function model for a Si(Li) detector over the range from about 4 to 20 keV has been developed. The values of the model parameters obtained by the least-squares fitting of the pulse-height spectra from a number of pure element samples excited by a 109Cd X-ray source are fitted to simple functional forms of the incident X-ray energy to produce the generalized response function for this Si(Li) detector. An interactive computer program has been devised and implemented on a VAX 11/750 minicomputer for determining the parameter values from a pulse-height spectrum of the X rays from a pure element sample. An unexplained additional feature between the Kα and Kβ X-ray peaks is observed, which necessitates using different sets of parameter values to describe some of the features that are associated with the Kα and Kβ X-ray peaks.