cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microcell-mediated transfer of carcinogen-induced ouabain resistance from C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 mouse fibroblasts to human cells.

Abstract We previously developed a quantitative assay for measuring the induction of ouabain-resistant (Ouar) variants in transformable C3H/20T1/2 Cl 8 mouse fibroblasts following treatment of the cells with chemical carcinogens. To further define the nature of the Ouar phenotype, we conducted microcell-mediated chromosome transfer studies using Ouar cell lines induced by chemical carcinogens in C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 cells as donors and 8-azaguanine-resistant (Azgr) derivatives of the human cell lines, D98/AH2 and HT 1080, as recipients. Microcells prepared from one spontaneous and two carcinogen-induced Ouar mouse cell lines were able to transfer resistance to 0.01 and 1 mM Oua to ouabain-sensitive D98 and HT 1080 cells. The frequency of microcell hybrid formation ranged from 10−6 to 10−5. Karyotypic analysis of the microcell hybrids indicated that the Ouar phenotype of C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 derivatives mapped to mouse chromosome 3, the chromosome to which the wild-type murine Oua-1 allele had previously been assigned. These studies show that both spontaneous and chemically induced high level Ouar phenotypes of C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 mouse fibroblasts can be transferred via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer, and provide strong genetic evidence that chemically induced Ouar phenotypes of C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 cells arise from mutations at Oua-1. In addition, this study sufficiently standardizes microcell-mediated chromosome transfer in the C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 cell line so that this technique can be used to investigate the nature of other phenotypic changes in these cells, such as the chemically transformed phenotype.
A single chip parallel multiplier by MOS technology

A parallel multiplier design based on the five-counter cell is discussed. A design optimization for the performance in speed is proposed at the logic design level which is developed into an MOS circuit design. The comparison of the five-counter cell design and the full adder cell design reveals that the proposed design is most useful with pass gate logic and results in high-speed multiplication (approximately twice as fast as that of the full adder design) with a moderate increase in hardware complexity. With the five-counter design, an improvement in the hardware complexity of a squarer can be expected. >
The beneficial effects of postinfarct cytokine combination therapy are sustained during long-term follow-up

Abstract We have previously reported that administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) + Flt-3 ligand (FL) or G-CSF + stem cell factor (SCF) improves left ventricular (LV) function and halts LV remodeling at 35 d after myocardial infarction (MI). In the current study, we investigated whether these beneficial effects are sustained in the long term — an issue of fundamental importance for clinical translation. Mice undergoing a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion received vehicle (group I), G-CSF + FL (group II), G-CSF + SCF (group III), or G-CSF alone (group IV) starting 4 h after reperfusion and were euthanized 48 wk later. LV structure and function were assessed by serial echocardiography before and at 48 h and 4, 8, 16, 32, and 48 wk after MI. During follow-up, mice in group I exhibited worsening of LV function and progressive LV remodeling. Compared with group I, both groups II and III exhibited improved LV EF at 4 wk after MI; however, only in group II was this improvement sustained at 48 wk. Group II was also the only group in which the decrease in infarct wall thickening fraction, the LV dilatation, and the increase in LV mass were attenuated vs. group I. We conclude that the beneficial effect of G-CSF+FL on postinfarction LV dysfunction and remodeling is sustained for at least 11 months, and thus is likely to be permanent. In contrast, the effect of G-CSF + SCF was not sustained beyond the first few weeks, and G-CSF alone is ineffective. To our knowledge, this is the first long-term study of cytokines in postinfarction LV remodeling. The results reveal heretofore unknown differential actions of cytokines and have important translational implications.
Non-linear oscillation of circular cylindrical shells

Abstract The method of multiple scales is used to analyze the non-linear forced response of circular cylindrical shells in the presence of a two-to-one internal (autoparametric) resonance to a harmonic excitation having the frequency Ω. If ω r and a r denote the frequency and amplitude of a flexural mode and ω b and a b denote the frequency and amplitude of the breathing mode, the steady-state response exhibits a saturation phenomenon when ω b ≈ 2 ω r , if the excitation frequency Ω is near ω b . As the amplitude ƒ of the excitation increases from zero, a b increases linearly whereas a r remains zero until a threshold is reached. This threshold is a function of the damping coefficients and ω b −2 ω r . Beyond this threshold a b remains constant (i.e. the breathing mode saturates) and the extra energy spills over into the flexural mode. In other words, although the breathing mode is directly excited by the load, it absorbs a small amount of the input energy (responds with a small amplitude) and passes the rest of the input energy into the flexural mode (responds with a large amplitude). For small damping coefficients and depending on the detunings of the internal resonance and the excitation, the response exhibits a Hopf bifurcation and consequently there are no steadystate periodic responses. Instead, the responses are amplitude- and phase-modulated motions. When Ω ≈ ω r , there is no saturation phenomenon and at close to perfect resonance, the response exhibits a Hopf bifurcation, leading again to amplitude- and phase-modulated or chaotic motions.
Severe Impairment of Heat-Induced Saliva-Spreading in Rats Recovered from Lateral Hypothalamic Lesions

A method has been devised to record saliva-spreading on fur and skin by rats in the heat. Normal males and females increase saliva-spreading with increasing ambient temperatures. Rats recovered from lateral hypothalamic lesions do not spread saliva in the heat, confirming the inference drawn from studies of their drinking behavior that their saliva production is severely impaired. Recovered lateral rats do produce saliva when injected with pilocarpine. The failure to salivate is, therefore, a result of the lateral hypothalamic lesions and is not due to an incompetence of the glands.
Primary stentriever versus combined stentriever plus aspiration thrombectomy approaches: in vitro stroke model comparison

Background Artificial stroke models can be used for testing various thrombectomy devices. Objective To determine the value of combined stentriever–aspiration thrombectomy compared with the stentriever-alone approach. Methods We designed an in vitro model of the intracranial circulation with a focus on the middle cerebral artery (MCA) that closely resembles the human intracranial circulation. After introducing fresh clot in the MCA, we used conventional biplane angiography and microangiographic fluoroscopy to compare recanalization rates and occurrence of emboli in new, unaffected territory for thrombectomy approaches in which a stentriever (Solitaire flow restoration stentriever, Covidien) was used alone or in combination with continuous manual aspiration through a Navien catheter (Covidien). Results In a total of 22 experiments (11 for each approach), successful clot delivery to the MCA was achieved in all cases. Successful angiographic recanalization (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score of 2b–3) was achieved more frequently with the combined stentriever–aspiration approach than with the stentriever-alone approach (in 10 vs 4 experiments, p=0.023). Emboli in new territory occurred in three experiments with the stentriever-alone approach, and none were seen with the combined approach (p=0.21). Conclusions The combined stentriever–aspiration approach to thrombectomy leads to better angiographic recanalization rates than use of the stentriever alone. Further experiments are needed to test the value of balloon-guide catheters and aspiration performed using other types of catheters and modes of aspiration.
Substrate-Protein Interaction in Human Tryptophan dioxygenase

The initial and rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway involves the oxidation of L-Trp to N-formyl kynurenine catalyzed by two hemeproteins, Trypophan 2,3 dioxygeanse (hTDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygeanse (hIDO). Although hTDO and hIDO catalyze the same reaction, and show high structural homology, they are engaged in distinct physiological functions and show different biochemical properties. IDO has been implicated in diverse range of pathophysiological conditions, whereas TDO deals with the systemic regulation of the Trp flux in our body. Hence, understanding the differences between hTDO and hIDO offer invaluable information for the design of new inhibitors selective for hIDO. We have expressed, purified and characterized hTDO for the first time and demonstrated that the distal pocket of the two heme enzymes are distinctly different (JACS. 2007, 129, 15690-15701). In hTDO, the distal H76 residue is believed to act as an active site base to deprotonate the indole NH group of L-Trp, the initial step of the L-Trp oxidation reaction. In hIDO, this histidine residue is replaced by a serine. To investigate the role of the H76 residue in hTDO, we have constructed two mutants, in which the H76 is replaced by a serine or an alanine, and studied their structural and functional properties. Resonance Raman studies indicate that L-Trp is positioned in the active site by the ammonium, the carboxylate and the indole groups, via intricate H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. This scenario is consistent with the observation that L-Trp binding significantly perturbs the electronic properties of the O2-complex of hTDO. The electronic properties of the active ternary complex of hTDO are found to be sensitive to the mutation of the H76 residue, highlighting the critical role of H76 in modulating the oxygen chemistry of hTDO.
Immunomodulators Are Associated With a Lower Risk of First Surgery Among Patients With Non-Penetrating Non-Stricturing Crohn's Disease

Immunomodulators Are Associated With a Lower Risk of First Surgery Among Patients With Non-Penetrating Non-Stricturing Crohn's Disease
Investigation of Collagen Fiber Organization in Cornea and Sclera using Quantitative SHG Microscopy

We propose the application of Fourier transform-second harmonic generation and polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation microscopy to quantify collagen fiber organization and content, respectively.
TU‐D‐T‐617‐01: Comparison of LDR to PDR Dose Distributions: A Monte Carlo Study

Purpose: 1) To validate a Monte Carlo (MC) model of the Ir‐192 pulsed‐dose rate (PDR) source inside the Fletcher‐Williamson (FW) ovoid using radiochromic film measurements. 2) To compare the FW dose distributions in water to those of Cs‐137 low‐dose rate (LDR) pellet inside the Selectron Fletcher‐Suit‐Delclos (FSD) ovoid. Method and Materials: Detailed mechanical drawings of the FW colpostat were obtained from the vendor. MCNPX 2.5e MC code was used to model the small right FW ovoid and an Ir‐192 source (mHDR v2) centered within the ovoid. MC models of actual and virtual Ir‐192 source in air were also run to derive the conversion from contained to apparent activity. MD‐55 radiochromic film was placed in a polystyrene phantom at a plane parallel to and displaced medially 2.0 cm from the long axis of the colpostat. To compare with the FSD ovoid, MC runs in a 30 cm water sphere were run for common ovoid loadings of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mgRaeq. Results:MCNPX calculated dose relative to film measurements is within ±2% or 2mm distance‐to‐agreement for 92% of the dose grid. For the FW simulations in water, the overall shapes were found to be similar in regions away from the shields to those obtained for the FSD ovoid; however, large but localized deviations were found in high dose‐gradient regions close to the rectal and bladder shields, mainly due to differences in source and shields geometry. Conclusion: The dose distributions predicted by MCNPX are in good agreement with the film results. Dose‐rate atlases calculated in clinically‐relevant 2D planes around the FW and FSD ovoids provide information to aid in the transfer of current LDR intracavitary brachytherapy practice to that using PDR for treatment of gynecological cancers.Conflict of Interest: Partial support by Nucletron Corporation.
Aflatoxin production is inhibited by selected herbal drugs

Aspergillus parasiticus was grown in the presence of selected herbal extracts: burdock, cromwell, honeysuckle, licorice and ginger. Two percent of each herb was used in an enriched medium which was inoculated with spores of the mold and incubated at 28 °C for 9 days. The herbs have been used in Chinese medicine for detoxification, reducing inflammation and treating ulcers or tumors of humans. Mycelial growth was inhibited by honeysuckle and no sporulation of the mold occurred in the presence of burdock and honeysuckle. Burdock, cromwell, ginger and licorice enhanced mycelial growth over that in the control. All the herbs inhibited accumulation of aflat oxins B1 and G1, especially extracts of the honeysuckle flower and root-stem, which inhibited both mycelial growth and aflatoxin production (B1=4% of control, G1=3.4% of control). In the presence of licorice, loss of aflatoxin from the medium during later stages of incubation was greatest.
Produced Water Exposure Alters Bacterial Response to Biocides

Microbial activity during the holding and reuse of wastewater from hydraulic fracturing operations, termed produced water, may lead to issues with corrosion, sulfide release, and fouling. Biocides are applied to control biological activity, often with limited efficacy, which is typically attributed to chemical interactions with the produced water. However, it is unknown whether there is a biologically driven mechanism to biocide tolerance in produced water. Here, we demonstrate that produced water exposure results in an enhanced tolerance against the typically used biocide glutaraldehyde and increased susceptibility to the oxidative biocide hypochlorite in a native and a model bacteria and that this altered resistance is due to the salinity of the produced water. In addition, we elucidate the genetic response of the model organism Pseudomonas fluorescens to produced water exposure to provide a mechanistic interpretation of the altered biocide resistance. The RNA-seq data demonstrated the induction of genes involved in osmotic stress, energy production and conversion, membrane integrity, and protein transport following produced water exposure, which facilitates bacterial survival and alters biocide tolerance. Efforts to fundamentally understand biocide resistance mechanisms, which enable the optimization of biocide application, hold significant implications for greening of the fracturing process through encouraging produced water recycling. Specifically, these results suggest the necessity of optimizing biocide application at the level of individual shale plays, rather than historical experience, based upon produced water characteristics and salinity.
PAEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT TG: A UNIQUE RESOURCE FOR DENMARK AND FOR THE WORLD

Beginning early in the nineteen-sixties the excellence of the work in pulmonary and cystic fibrosis research done at the Paediatrics Department TG attracted interest from around the world and cystic fibrosis (CF) researchers from everywhere began to visit Denmark to learn from Doctor Erhard Winge Flensborg. I joined that group of visitors in 1966 when I wrote to Doctor Flensborg for permission to visit his department. Like all the others, I was welcomed. The intellectual stimulation there surrounded by the sparkling hospitality of Erhard and Inga Flensborg and the doctors studying at Paediatric Department TG was so helpful that I have eagerly returned on many occasions over these past 16 years, as have others who have made a first visit to Paediatric Department TG. For each visitor a first visit was habit forming.
Reactions of dibutylmagnesium with modified silica gel surfaces

The reaction products of dibutylmagnesium with modified silica gel surfaces have been studied as relevant olefin polymerization catalyst precursors. Reactions were carried out on thermally and/or chemically pretreated silica gel. The pretreatments effect changes in silica surface silanol type and concentration. A combination of methods including infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis were used to characterize the chemically modified surfaces. Dibutylmagnesium reacts with non-hydrogen-bonded silanols to give a bond to the surface with one surface silicon. One butyl group is retained on magnesium. Dibutylmagnesium reacts with two hydrogen-bonded silanols to give bonds to the surface with two surface silicons. Both butyl groups are lost in the reaction with non-hydrogen-bonded silanols. Dibutylmagnesium also reacts with surface siloxanes to give a singly bonded magnesium, analogous to the reaction with non-hydrogen-bonded silanols. The adjacent silicon in the siloxane is believed to ...
Extended free net adjustment constraints

The contribution of geodetic measurements to the establishment of a control network can be partitioned into global and local (individual) components. The global component epitomized in a number of geometrically meaningful parameters can be estimated together with the individual point coordinates. The additional rank defect created by the extension of the parameter list is corrected by free net adjustment constraints which are extended beyond those needed for a solution of the network datum problem. Two applications of extended free net adjustment are outlined and illustrated by elementary numerical examples. A non-Cartesian (skew) reference system discussed in the Appendix provides an exotic interpretation of the estimated global and individual parameters.
Screening of 4f hole states in the light rare earths

Abstract Photoemission studies reveal two peaks in the 4f spectral weight of not only Ce-based systems but also their Pr and Nd homologs. The separation in energy ( ≈ 2.5 eV) of the two features remains approximately constant as the features move to larger energy in going from Ce to Pr to Nd, irrespective of the solid state matrix. These findings appear to be reconcilable with the models of Liu and Ho, and of Riseborough, who distinguish the two features in terms of their screening geometries. These results suggest a new microscopic description for the mixed valent ground state in Ce-based systems.
Militias as sociopolitical movements: Lessons from Iraq's armed Shia groups

The Shia militia has emerged as one of the most powerful and important actors in the Middle East security environment. Despite this trend, they remain poorly understood by scholars and policymakers alike. This article seeks to expand our understanding of the militia as a type of non-state armed group through an examination of Shia militia movements in Iraq between 2003 and 2009. More than simply warlords, paramilitaries, or foreign proxies, Shia militias in Iraq enjoyed substantial popular legitimacy, pursued a broad social and political agenda, and participated actively in the formal institutions of the state. Understanding the triangular relationship between the militia, the state, and the population is essential in explaining the rise and fall of the Shia militias during the US occupation as well as in developing strategies to deal with their most recent resurgence
A neural network model of the articulatory-acoustic forward mapping trained on recordings of articulatory parameters.

Three neural network models were trained on the forward mapping from articulatory positions to acoustic outputs for a single speaker of the Edinburgh multi-channel articulatory speech database. The model parameters (i.e., connection weights) were learned via the backpropagation of error signals generated by the difference between acoustic outputs of the models, and their acoustic targets. Efficacy of the trained models was assessed by subjecting the models’ acoustic outputs to speech intelligibility tests. The results of these tests showed that enough phonetic information was captured by the models to support rates of word identification as high as 84%, approaching an identification rate of 92% for the actual target stimuli. These forward models could serve as one component of a data-driven articulatory synthesizer. The models also provide the first step toward building a model of spoken word acquisition and phonological development trained on real speech.
Sediments of Crater Lake, Oregon

Crater Lake, in the collapse caldera of a Pleistocene composite volcano in the Cascade Range of Oregon, has a maximum depth of 1932 feet. Immature and generally unsorted volcanic sediments have been deposited on the steep slope and nearly flat floor of the lake. In locations protected from terrigenous influx, the sublittoral bottom and summits of volcanic cones have accumulations of diatomaceous and moss oozes. Poor sorting of patchy deposits of medium sand on the slope and shore suggests deposition by sublacustrine and subaerial mass movements. The thickest deposits, layers of mud and sand, are found on the flat floors of the basins. Organic content, poor sorting, and silt-size median diameters suggest that surface sediments of the basin floor, mud layers of the basin floor, and sediments of the intracaldera volcanic structures result from continuous sedimentation of suspended materials. These suspended particles are introduced into the water by winds picking up material from within and outside the caldera, and by streams, sheet wash, and mass movements down the caldera wall. Good sorting, median diameters of fine sand size, and the mineral composition of basin sand layers indicate that mass movements from the slopes occasionally generate turbidity currents that carry sand across the flat basins to the lake center. Different sources and varying mineral content of sand layers in the same core, and lack of correlation of sand layers from core to core indicate the limited lateral extent of turbidity currents. The thinner, finer-grained, better sorted, and fewer number of sand layers toward the center of the lake suggest that turbidity currents lose competence progressively away from their source. Crater Lake turbidites are most similar to those of the offshore ocean basins of Southern California.
Very massive neutron stars in Ni's theory of gravity

It is shown that in Ni's theory of gravity, which is identical to general relativity in the post-Newtonian limit, neutron stars of arbitrarily large mass are possible. This result is independent, within reasonable bounds, of the equation of state of matter at supernuclear densities.
Elevation of [Ca2+]i of renal proximal tubular cells and down-regulation of mRNA of PTH-PTHrP, Via and AT1 receptors in kidney of diabetic rats

Elevation of [Ca 2+ ] i of renal proximal tubular cells and downregulation of mRNA of PTH-PTHrP, Via and ATI receptors in kidney of diabetic rats. An elevation in intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in rats with chronic renal failure and elevated blood levels of PTH is associated with down-regulation of the mRNA of many proteins. Similarly, in phosphate depleted animals that have normal renal function and low blood levels of PTH, [Ca 2+ ] i is elevated and the mRNA of PTH-PTHrP receptor is down-regulated. The effect of elevation in [Ca 2+ ] i on molecular machinery of many proteins may represent a generalized phenomenon. Diabetes mellitus may also be associated with a rise in [Ca 2+ ] i and therefore down-regulation of the mRNA of proteins may also occur. The present study examined the effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats on the [Ca 2+ ] i of the renal proximal tubular cells and on their mRNAs of the PTH-PTHrP, Via and ATI receptors. The basal levels of [Ca 2+ ] i of these cells increased significantly ( P P 2+ ], of the cells and blood levels of glucose up to 350 mg/dl, and the value of [Ca 2+ ] i plateaued with higher concentrations of glucose. Three days of amlodipine therapy prevented and reversed the elevated levels of [Ca 2+ ] i despite marked hyperglycemia. The mRNA of all three receptors in the kidney were down-regulated and this defect was prevented by amlodipine which normalized the [Ca 2+ ] i of the cells. The results show that: (1) the hyperglycemia of IDDM in rats causes a significant elevation in the basal levels of [Ca 2+ ] i of the renal proximal tubular cells and down-regulation of their mRNA of PTH-PTHrP, Via and ATI receptors; (2) normalization of the [Ca 2+ ] i of these cells by treatment of the diabetic rats with amlodipine prevented the elevation of [Ca 2+ ] i and the down-regulation of the mRNA of these receptors; (3) these effects occurred in the presence of normal renal function and normal blood of PTH and phosphorus.
New directions and resources in group psychotherapy: introduction to the issue.

Establishing an evidence-based practice (EBP) is a central byproduct of the ever-increasing emphasis on accountability in mental health services. Though much has been written and developed for individual psychotherapists who wish to develop EBPs, there are far fewer resources for group psychotherapists. This article introduces a series of articles designed to provide EBPs and resources for group psychotherapists. We discuss how therapists can develop and apply the following aspects of EBPs: research-supported treatments (RSTs), practice guidelines, practice-based evidence, and multicultural competence. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64:1–9, 2008.
Cell cycle-specific cleavage of Scc2 regulates its cohesin deposition activity

Sister chromatid cohesion (SCC), efficient DNA repair, and the regulation of some metazoan genes require the association of cohesins with chromosomes. Cohesins are deposited by a conserved heterodimeric loading complex composed of the Scc2 and Scc4 proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but how the Scc2/Scc4 deposition complex regulates the spatiotemporal association of cohesin with chromosomes is not understood. We examined Scc2 chromatin association during the cell division cycle and found that the affinity of Scc2 for chromatin increases biphasically during the cell cycle, increasing first transiently in late G1 phase and then again later in G2/M. Inactivation of Scc2 following DNA replication reduces cellular viability, suggesting that this post S-phase increase in Scc2 chromatin binding affinity is biologically relevant. Interestingly, high and low Scc2 chromatin binding levels correlate strongly with the presence of full-length or amino-terminally cleaved forms of Scc2, respectively, and the appearance of the cleaved Scc2 species is promoted in vitro either by treatment with specific cell cycle-staged cellular extracts or by dephosphorylation. Importantly, Scc2 cleavage eliminates Scc2–Scc4 physical interactions, and an scc2 truncation mutant that mimics in vivo Scc2 cleavage is defective for cohesin deposition. These observations suggest a previously unidentified mechanism for the spatiotemporal regulation of cohesin association with chromosomes through cell cycle regulation of Scc2 cohesin deposition activity by Scc2 dephosphorylation and cleavage.
Developmental expression of meprin metalloprotease subunits in ICR and C3H/He mouse kidney and intestine in the embryo, postnatally and after weaning

Abstract Meprins are secreted and membrane-bound metalloendopeptidases highly expressed in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells. They are oligomeric glycoproteins composed of evolutionarily related α and/or β subunits. The present work revealed that the messages for both meprin subunits were expressed in intestine and kidney in ICR and C3H/He mouse embryos (as early as day 11), indicating developmental functions for both subunits. During the first 2 weeks after birth, the mRNA levels for both subunits increased in ICR mice, but between 10 days and 3 weeks (time of weaning) the α subunit level in the intestine fell markedly. In adult ICR mice, meprin β mRNA was consistently expressed in both kidney and intestine, whereas meprin α mRNA was highly expressed in kidney but only present at low levels in intestine. In C3H/He mice, the pattern of meprin α and β subunit mRNA expression was similar to that of ICR mice, except that meprin α was barely detectable in kidney after birth. The results of postnatal studies indicate that the meprin α subunit has a role in the intestine during suckling but is not essential after weaning, and that the β homooligomer is the major meprin form after weaning in both kidney and intestine.
Porous Polymer Waveguides and Ring Resonators

Nanoporous polymer ring resonators are capable of detecting biomolecular interactions within their pores. These interactions between the core energy and biomolecules lead to increased sensitivity when compared to traditional ring resonators.
Bees collected by Mrs. Maurice T. James in Pingree Park, Colorado

Pingree Park, at about 9,300 feet altitude in the Front Range of Colorado, has become classic ground on account of the annual gatherings of entomologists from all over the country. For this reason I have thought it worth while to give an account of some bees collected there in August, 1932, by Mrs. James. In future years many more species will certainly be found.
Acid-induced esophagitis in cats is prevented by sucralfate but not synthetic prostaglandin E

The cytoprotective effects of liquid sucralfate and a synthetic analog of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on acid-induced esophagitis in cats were studied. Esophagitis was induced in adult cats using a constant infusion of 0.1 N HCl at 1 ml/min for 20 min. Animals were infused for either one or three days. Mucosal lesions were evaluated by blinded investigators using both fiberoptic endoscopy and light microscopy. Histologic changes included basal cell hyperplasia, intraepithelial leukocytosis, and subepithelial leukocytosis. Liquid sucralfate given prior to acid infusion consistently prevented acid-induced lesions in both one- and three-day infusions, demonstrated by both endoscopy and quantitative histologic scoring. Indomethacin (200 μg/kg) given prior to sucralfate and acid did not affect sucralfate cytoprotection. Synthetic PGE1, given in doses of 5 μg/kg and 100 μg/kg, afforded no esophageal cytoprotection. These studies indicate that sucralfate is cytoprotective against acid-induced esophageal injury in cats, an effect that does not appear to be mediated by prostaglandin. In addition, synthetic PGE1 does not confer protection in this animal model.
The gasless laparoscopic Burch bladder neck suspension: early experience.

AbstractPurpose: We evaluated the gasless extraperitoneal laparoscopic Burch bladder neck suspension.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 47 patients with type II stress urinary incontinence treated sequentially with this technique between September 1994 and September 1995. Balloon dissection was used to develop the extraperitoneal space. A mechanical retraction system was used with conventional laparotomy instruments to perform laparoscopic Burch bladder neck suspension.Results: Of the 47 patients who underwent this procedure 3 (6 percent) required conversion to an open operation. Obesity and previous pelvic surgery were not contraindications to this technique. The only major complication involved blood loss necessitating conversion to an open operation. Average operative time was 96.4 minutes and average hospital stay was 3.5 days. Followup at 2 to 15 months (mean 8.2) indicated successful results (that is no pads were required) in 44 patients (90 percent).Conclusions: Gasless laparo...
Mesh connected computers with fixed and reconfigurable buses: packet routing and sorting

Mesh connected computers have become attractive models of computing because of their varied special features. In this paper we consider two variations of the mesh model: 1) a mesh with fixed buses, and 2) a mesh with reconfigurable buses. Both these models have been the subject matter of extensive previous research. We solve numerous important problems related to packet routing and sorting on these models. In particular, we provide lower bounds and very nearly matching upper bounds for the following problems on both these models: 1) Routing on a linear array; and 2) k-k routing and k-k sorting on a 2D mesh for any k/spl ges/12. We provide an improved algorithm for 1-1 routing and a matching sorting algorithm. In addition we present greedy algorithms for 1-1 routing, k-k routing, and k-k sorting that are better on average and supply matching lower bounds. We also show that sorting can be performed in logarithmic time on a mesh with fixed buses. Most of our algorithms have considerably better time bounds than known algorithms for the same problems.
Investigating Ground-Water Pollution from Indianapolis'Landfills - The Lessons Learneda

In cooperation with the city of Indianapolis, the U.S. Geological Survey undertook a study to determine the nature and extent of water pollution resulting from the operation of seven landfills in or near the city. To accomplish this, 10 to 36 observation wells, ranging from 14 to 170 feet (4 to 52 metres) deep, were installed in and around each landfill. The wells were installed variously by auger, rotary, and air-rotary methods; the mud for the rotary drilling was natural mud, bentonite and(or) an organic polymer. The wells were constructed of 2-inch (5-centimetre) PVC casing, and ended either in slotted casing or PVC “wire-wrapped” screen. After the wells were completed and developed, water samples were collected from selected wells for detailed chemical analysis. This type of analysis will be repeated yearly on selected wells. Every month the water levels are measured and field determination of four chemical and physical water parameters are made. Water samples have been collected using a bailer, a centrifugal pump, and a gas-driven pump. Based on the experiences so far, the following are considerations in planning future studies: 1 Keep the objectives of the study well in mind in planning the methods to be used and the financing. 2 Black iron pipe is suitable well casing except when careful analyses are needed for research projects, for sampling concentrated leachate, or where rapid corrosion can be expected. 3 Use of 4-inch (10-centimetre) casing may provide more options than 2-inch (5-centimetre) casing as to method of collecting water samples, and may be easier to install and develop. 4 A power auger is preferable for drilling and installing small-diameter wells in refuse. 5 A drilling mud made with an organic polymer is effective, particularly if 2-inch (5-centimetre) casing is used, but provides a medium for bacterial growth. 6 When the water level is too deep for a centrifugal pump to function in a 2-inch (5-centimetre) well, a bailer is more efficient and fairly contaminant-free. 7 Once good control on water quality is obtained, field determination of selected parameters is sufficient to follow movement of a leachate plume.
Did Bush voters cause Obama's victory?

In the 2008 election, Barack Obama's campaign brought many new voters to the polls. Were these new voters necessary for Obama's victory? In this study, I find that they were not. The basis of this finding is an examination of decisions made by people who voted for George W. Bush in 2004. I show that Bush voters' decisions not to vote or to support Obama were a sufficient condition for Obama's victory.
The Superconducting State as a Magnifier for the Study of Phonon Interactions

In the superconducting state the scattering of phonons by electrons is reduced by a factor whose magnitude and temperature dependence are now well established. The effects of the scattering of phonons by electrons can therefore be separated from those which depend on the defect structure, and subtle effects in the lattice conductivity can be investigated more precisely than in metals which do not become superconducting.
The Diagnosis and Management of Scrotal Pain

Being called upon to evaluate a young man with scrotal pain may not at first seem to represent a glamorous request for consultation. Yet its evaluation, diagnosis, and correct management represent an increasingly rare opportunity in modern medicine: one has the chance of making a diagnosis and managing a patient on the basis of nothing more than a well taken history and a careful physical examination. For the patient who presents with scrotal pain of less than 8–12 h duration, an experienced clinician can make a correct diagnosis based on the history, physical examination, and a urinalysis. However if the pain persists beyond 12 h, the findings on physical examination become less clear and, in this setting, it has proven useful to use Doppler sonography. Even experienced clinicians must exercise caution in the evaluation of these patients because if the diagnosis of testicular torsion cannot be excluded with confidence, emergent ­scrotal exploration is warranted. Torsion of the testis with infarction and parenchymal loss remains a leading source of litigation in pediatric surgical practices.
Biological Basics and the Economics of the Family

Many economic models of the family are based on a generic “person one/person two” household or “parent– child” family, rather than their anatomically correct counterparts: sons and daughters, fathers and mothers, and grandfathers and grandmothers. These economic models can offer powerful insights into family behavior, but also can leave certain patterns unexplained and neglect potentially important crosscurrents. Melding biological insights with family economics can cast new light on existing knowledge and open up novel paths for research. For example, study after study has found that putting family income in the hands of mothers, rather than fathers, tends to increase the consumption of children, as noted in this journal in Lundberg and Pollak (1996). Yet the way such results are usually described might strike a noneconomist as exceedingly circumspect. Economists point out that these findings reject the “common preference” model of household decision making in favor of one with “independent decisionmaking spouses”— but usually make little mention of motherhood or fatherhood per se. Or consider the dramatic expansion of South African government pension programs in the early 1990s, which put lots of extra money in the hands of grandparents, many of whom lived with their grandchildren. In a compelling and oft-cited study, Duflo (2003) found evidence of pension spillovers to grandchildren. But the most intriguing patterns were demographic: pensions to maternal grandmothers redounded to the benefit of granddaughters. Economic analysis uncovers the income effects but turns out to be of little help for explaining why these particular gender effects predominated.
An Exploratory Analysis of Women and Men Within a Self-Help, Communal-Living Recovery Setting: A New Beginning in a New House

In the present exploratory study, women without children (n = 13) and women with children (n = 23) were compared to men (n = 35) on demographic and self-reported variables on entering a communal-living, self-help recovery program called Oxford House. Men were more often hospitalized for their addiction than either group of women, and men and women with children were older and had been previously hospitalized longer for their addiction than women without children. There were no significant differences among groups in terms of their codependency on others, and men felt a stronger sense of camaraderie with other residents than women with or without children. Men and women with children also tended to feel they shared more in the decisions within their house than did women without children. Further, with partial correlates (controlling for the number of children), women with children indicated that the greater their self-reported codependency, the less accepting they were of their children and the more depressed they were about their parenting abilities. Dysfunctional characteristics of the children also were related to negative characteristics in the children reported by their mothers. In short, men and women with and without children entering an Oxford House have similar profiles, yet women with children have additional stressors associated with parental responsibilities.
The Transcriptional Regulator Rok Binds A+T-Rich DNA and Is Involved in Repression of a Mobile Genetic Element in Bacillus subtilis

The rok gene of Bacillus subtilis was identified as a negative regulator of competence development. It also controls expression of several genes not related to competence. We found that Rok binds to extended regions of the B. subtilis genome. These regions are characterized by a high A+T content and are known or believed to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Some of the Rok binding regions are in known mobile genetic elements. A deletion of rok resulted in higher excision of one such element, ICEBs1, a conjugative transposon found integrated in the B. subtilis genome. When expressed in the Gram negative E. coli, Rok also associated with A+T-rich DNA and a conserved C-terminal region of Rok contributed to this association. Together with previous work, our findings indicate that Rok is a nucleoid associated protein that serves to help repress expression of A+T-rich genes, many of which appear to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. In these ways, Rok appears to be functionally analogous to H-NS, a nucleoid associated protein found in Gram negative bacteria and Lsr2 of high G+C Mycobacteria.
Deciphering the role of natural variation in age-related protein homeostasis

Understanding the genetic basis of age-related diseases is a critical step toward developing therapies that promote healthy aging. Numerous genes have been identified that modulate lifespan, but the influence of natural variation in aging has not been well studied. A new report utilizing a transgenic protein aggregation model in Caenorhabditis elegans has provided important tools and insights into the relationship between natural genetic variation, protein aggregation, and age-related pathology.
The Apollo lunar sounder radar system

The objectives of the Apollo 17 Lunar Sounder Experiment (ALSE) were to detect subsurface geologic structures, to generate a continuous lunar profile, and to image the moon a radar wavelengths. The first objective is generally impossible on Earth, but is possible on the moon because of the very low EM attenuation found in lunar rocks. A three-wavelength synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) operating at 60 m, 20 m, and 2 m (5, 15, and 150 MHz) was designed to attain these objectives. The design choices reflected a balance of scientific requirements versus Apollo mission and hard-ware constraints. The most difficult choice was that of wavelength, since longer wavelengths have the potential for deeper subsurface penetration at the expense of depth resolution. Shorter wavelengths enhance the ability to generate surface images and accurate profiles. The sounding requirement led to a system requirement for large dynamic range and precise sidelobe control. The radar data from the lunar mission were recorded on photographic film in a conventional SAR format, and were returned to Earth for processing. A combination of optical and digital processing and exploitation techniques was applied to the scientific interpretation of the data. Some preliminary results from the lunar mission have been obtained. The system design and data exploitation techniques developed in support of the ALSE experiment show considerable promise for eventual application to earth-resource survey radar systems.
Gaussian approximations for the capacity of MIMO Rayleigh fading channels

We consider the asymptotic behavior of the capacity of multiple antenna Rayleigh fading channels in the limit as the transmit and receive arrays become large. We show that the capacity random variable has a limiting Gaussian distribution, and give closed form formulas for its mean and variance when the arrays are uncorrelated. We also derive a more general formula for the variance in terms of the ergodic capacity which is applicable when either the transmit or the receive arrays are correlated. These results enable us to derive the first asymptotic formula for outage capacity, as well as a sharper estimate of the error in previously reported asymptotic formulas for ergodic capacity. Although these formulas are asymptotic, we show by simulations that they are often quite accurate, even for relatively small arrays.
Sibling Experiences as Predictors of Romantic Relationship Qualities in Adolescence

This study examined sibling relationship qualities as predictors of romantic relationship characteristics in late adolescence and tested adolescent and sibling gender constellation as potential moderators of these linkages. In home interviews, 125 White working- and middle-class adolescents (M = 16.52, SD = 0.77 years old at Time 1) reported on sibling relationship intimacy, conflict, and control, and 2 years later they reported on intimacy and their relative power in their romantic relationships. Sibling intimacy was a positive predictor of relative romantic power, and sibling conflict was a negative predictor of romantic intimacy, but only for girls. Sibling control positively predicted romantic intimacy and, for mixed-gender sibling dyads, also predicted relative romantic power. Discussion focuses on the role of siblings in romantic relationships and directions for future research.
Brief Report: Sleep in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: An Analysis of Daily Diaries Utilizing Multilevel Models

Objective To investigate the pain-sleep relationship in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and the influence of stress and pain medication use on this relationship. Method Children with SCD (n ¼20; aged 8–12 years) completed daily diaries assessing sleep, pain, stress, and pain medication use for up to 2 months. Data analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results High daily pain was related to poor sleep quality that night and poor sleep quality was related to high pain the following day. High stress was related to less sleep. High same-day pain and pain medication attenuated the impact of pain on sleep quality. Conclusion Results highlight the importance of sleep in addressing functioning in children with chronic pain, knowledge which may help patients and their families better manage the child’s pain. Behavioral pain interventions may be improved by the inclusion of strategies to encourage proper sleep hygiene and address sleep issues.
Checkpoint Watch: Bureaucracy and Resistance at the Israeli/Palestinian Border

This article sketches my personal impression of the changes that have occurred over the last decade in the Israeli checkpoints in and around Jerusalem. These changes have manifested both in the physical design of the checkpoints and in their human management. I discuss these changes through focusing on the women’s human rights organization ‘MachsomWatch’. The role of this organization, I claim here, has changed in ways that parallel the solidification and the bureaucratization of the border. Especially noticeable is the shift in the location of resistance and its characterization, from a direct confrontation model that occurs at the physical space of the border to a focus on legal actions and administrative strategies, performed in distant and at times even virtual locations. Alongside this process, MachsomWatch women – avid protestors of Israel’s occupation of the Palestinian West Bank – have, despite themselves, become a routine feature of Israel’s occupational apparatus. This essay’s grounded ethnograp...