cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beta-adrenergic stimulation of cyclic AMP production in the rabbit urinary bladder

Although adenyl cyclase stimulation has been associated with beta-receptor activation in the heart and some smooth muscle systems, it has been shown not to correlate with beta receptor activation in several other smooth muscle preparations. The present study investigates the relationship between cyclic AMP formation and beta-adrenergic stimulation in the rabbit urinary bladder. The intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP was determined in fresh rabbit bladder and isolated strips incubated under a variety of conditions. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) there was no difference between the cyclic AMP concentration in the bladder base and the bladder body, (2) incubation with theophylline significantly increased the concentration of cyclic AMP in all bladder strips, (3) isoproterenol significantly increased cyclic AMP in the bladder dome but not in the base, and (4) propranolol specifically inhibited the cyclic AMP increase produced by isoproterenol. Incubation with methoxamine, bethanechol, ATP, or diltiazem had no effect on the cyclic AMP concentration. The difference in the response to isoproterenol between bladder base and body correlates very well with both the distribution of beta receptors and the contractile response of these sections to isoproterenol. These studies demonstrate that the bladder body contains an isoproterenol-sensitive adenyl cyclase system.
Cardiac Expression of Tnnt1 Requires the GATA4-FOG2 Transcription Complex

Previous work by us and others has shown that the loss of interaction between GATA4 and FOG2 protein partners is embryonic lethal due to heart failure at embryonic day (E) 13.5; however, the role of this important protein duo in various cardiac compartments (e.g., myocardial, endocardial, or epicardial cells) remains to be understood. Although a dual role (both as an activator and a repressor) for the GATA4-FOG2 transcriptional complex has been put forward, the specific genes under GATA4-FOG2 control in the developing heart have remained largely elusive. Since the myocardial-restricted Fog2 re-expression in the Fog2 null embryos is sufficient to extend their life span, identification of GATA4-FOG2 target genes in cardiomyocytes could shed light on the molecular mechanism of GATA4-FOG2 action in these cells. We report here that cardiac expression of slow skeletal troponin T (Tnnt1) strictly depends on the physical interaction between GATA4-FOG2 in the myocardium of both atria and ventricles.
Spatial distribution of metals in soils in Baltimore, Maryland: Role of native parent material, proximity to major roads, housing age and screening guidelines

We investigated the spatial distribution of heavy metal above-background (anthropic) contents of Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn in Baltimore City surface soils and related these levels to potential contaminating sources. Composite soil samples (0–10 cm depth) were digested using a nitric and hydrochloric extraction technique. Slightly more than 10% of plots exceeded United States Environmental Protection Agency screening guidelines for Pb. In a principal component analysis, the first component corresponded to Co, Cr, and Fe, which are constituents of local mafic rocks. The second component corresponded to Cu, Pb, and Zn which were significantly higher within than beyond a 100 m buffer of the major roads within the city; furthermore, Pb and Zn were higher in older residential lots.
Oxidative absorption of H2S and O2 by iron chelate solutions

H 2 S est oxyde en soufre elementaire par l'ion ferrique chelate a l'acide nitrilotriacetique en solution aqueuse a pH 3,5 a 4,5
The Effect of 9/11 on the Heritability of Political Trust

Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, a rally effect led to a precipitous rise in political trust. However, the increase in political trust concealed a simultaneous decline among a smaller portion of the population. This paper examines the psychological mechanisms underlying these heterogeneous attitudes towards government and shows that a biosocial model best explains the observed patterns of response. The interplay of genetic and environmental factors of political trust reveals the stable but dynamic nature of heritability: genetic influences of political trust increased immediately following 9/11 but quickly decayed to pre-9/11 levels.
Correlated biofilm imaging, transport and metabolism measurements via combined nuclear magnetic resonance and confocal microscopy

Bacterial biofilms are complex, three-dimensional communities found nearly everywhere in nature and are also associated with many human diseases. Detailed metabolic information is critical to understand and exploit beneficial biofilms as well as combat antibiotic-resistant, disease-associated forms. However, most current techniques used to measure temporal and spatial metabolite profiles in these delicate structures are invasive or destructive. Here, we describe imaging, transport and metabolite measurement methods and their correlation for live, non-invasive monitoring of biofilm processes. This novel combination of measurements is enabled by the use of an integrated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). NMR methods provide macroscopic structure, metabolic pathway and rate data, spatially resolved metabolite concentrations and water diffusion profiles within the biofilm. In particular, current depth-resolved spectroscopy methods are applied to detect metabolites in 140–190 nl volumes within biofilms of the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 and the oral bacterium implicated in caries disease, Streptococcus mutans strain UA159. The perfused sample chamber also contains a transparent optical window allowing for the collection of complementary fluorescence information using a unique, in-magnet CLSM. In this example, the entire three-dimensional biofilm structure was imaged using magnetic resonance imaging. This was then correlated to a fluorescent CLSM image by employing a green fluorescent protein reporter construct of S. oneidensis. Non-invasive techniques such as described here, which enable measurements of dynamic metabolic processes, especially in a depth-resolved fashion, are expected to advance our understanding of processes occurring within biofilm communities.
Chocolate as Medicine: A Changing Framework of Evidence Throughout History

In 1753, the noted nosologist, Carl Linnaeus, named it Theobroma cacao, food of the Gods. Two and a half centuries later, Joanne Harris emphasized this exotic’s erotic sensations in her award winning fiction debut, Chocolat. For millennia, healers have touted its myriad medicinal, yet mystical, abilities. By the 1950s, chocolate, what had long been used as a drug, a food and as a source of currency, was being marketed merely as a pleasure-filled snack. Over the next half century, the craving to carve out chocolate’s healthy, medicinal qualities resurged.
Development of an Information Sciences Certificate

Arizona State University has created a new School of Computing and Informatics (SCI). SCI currently consists of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering and the Department of Biomedical Informatics. SCI was created to house the core computer science, computer engineering, software engineering, biomedical informatics and other computing and informatics programs and concentrations. The informatics programs will serve as trans-disciplinary bridges to other disciplines. One of the initial activities of the new school was the creation of an information sciences certificate. This paper describes the process used in developing this certificate, the tradeoffs made and the detailed course requirements. Lessons learned regarding how computer science departments can better collaborate with other disciplines on meeting computing educational needs will also be shared.
Substance use and perceived symptom improvement among patients with bipolar disorder and substance dependence

Background: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is the Axis I disorder with the highest risk for coexisting substance use disorder. One explanation for this phenomenon is the ‘self-medication hypothesis’, which states that some patients experience improvement in psychiatric symptoms as a result of substance use. We thus investigated reasons for substance use and perceived substance-induced improvement in BPD symptoms among patients with current BPD and substance dependence. Methods: A total of 45 patients received six monthly assessments; 21 also received integrated group therapy (IGT), focusing simultaneously on BPD and substance dependence, while 24 did not receive IGT. Patients reported at intake their current reasons for initiating substance use (including BPD symptoms) and the effects of substance use on those symptoms. Results: Nearly all patients initiated substance use because of at least one BPD symptom, especially depression (77.8%) and racing thoughts (57.8%); most (66.7%) reported improvement in at least one BPD symptom as a result of substance use. Among patients reporting substance-induced improvement in BPD symptoms, those receiving IGT reported fewer days of drug use over the 6-month study period than those not receiving IGT; this difference was not significant among patients without substance-induced improvement in BPD symptoms. Limitations: The study is limited by its small sample size and by the potential inaccuracy of self-reports regarding the effects of substance use on mood. Conclusions: Substance dependent patients who report that substance use improves their BPD symptoms may benefit from treatment that focuses simultaneously on both disorders.
BCI-Touch Based System: A Multimodal CAD Interface for Object Manipulation

The aim of this paper is to explore a new multimodal Computer Aided Design (CAD) platform based on braincomputer interfaces and touch based systems. The paper describes experiments and algorithms for manipulating geometrical objects in CAD systems using touch-based gestures and movement imagery detected though brain waves. Gestures associated with touch based systems are subjected to ambiguity since they are two dimensional in nature. Brain signals are considered here as the main source to resolve these ambiguities. The brainwaves are recorded in terms of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Users wear a neuroheadset and try to move and rotate a target object on a touch screen. As they perform these actions, the EEG headset collects brain activity from 14 locations on the scalp. The data is analyzed in the time-frequency domain to detect the desynchronizations of certain frequency bands (3-7Hz, 8-13 Hz, 14-20Hz 21-29Hz and 30-50Hz) in the temporal cortex as an indication of motor imagery.
Subconjunctival hemorrhage as a complication of endoscopy.

The majority of complications associated with EGD are cardiopulmonary in nature and related to use of medications for conscious sedation. Rare complications include perforation, bleeding, infections, pneumatosis intestinalis, mediastinal emphysema, parotid swelling, retching-related mucosal trauma, splenic injury, temporomandibular joint dislocation, and impaction of the endoscope in a hiatal hernia or the distal esophagus.1-3 This is a case of a thrombocytopenic patient who developed bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhage during endoscopy. This complication was last reported 15 years ago.4,5
Body weight dynamics following intentional weight loss and physical performance: the Look AHEAD Movement and Memory Study

Summary Objective The aim of this study was to explore the impact of body weight change following intentional weight loss on measures of physical performance in adults with diabetes. Design and methods Four hundred fifty individuals with type 2 diabetes (age, 59.0 ± 6.9 years; body mass index, 35.5 ± 5.9 kg/m2) who participated in the Look AHEAD Movement and Memory Study and lost weight 1 year after being randomized to an intensive lifestyle intervention were assessed. Body weight was measured annually, and participants were categorized as continued losers/maintainers, regainers, or cyclers based on a ±5% annual change in weight. Objective measures of physical performance were measured at the year 8/9 visit. Results Forty-four percent, 38% and 18% of participants were classified as regainers, cyclers, and continued losers/maintainers, respectively. In women, weight cycling and regain were associated with worse follow-up expanded physical performance battery score (1.46 ± 0.07 and 1.48 ± 0.07 vs. 1.63 ± 0.07, both p ≤ 0.02) and slower 20-m walking speed (1.10 ± 0.04 and 1.08 ± 0.04 vs. 1.17 ± 0.04 m/s, both p < 0.05) compared with continued or maintained weight loss. Male cyclers presented with weaker grip strength compared with regainers or continued losers/maintainers (30.12 ± 2.21 vs. 34.46 ± 2.04 and 37.39 ± 2.26 kg; both p < 0.01). Conclusions Weight cycling and regain following intentional weight loss in older adults with diabetes were associated with worse physical function in women and grip strength in men.
The Nebraska deer exchange: A novel program for donating harvested deer

Populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have become overabundant through- out their historic range, especially in developed landscapes. A variety of techniques, including controlled hunts in urban-suburban areas, are being used to increase harvest. Deer donation programs have been initiated in nearly all 50 states of the United States, and have been successful at providing venison to the hungry, but at significant costs to wildlife agencies and hunters. Our objectives were to: 1) develop a low-cost program to facilitate the exchange of excess harvested deer from hunters to recipients; 2) evaluate the attitudes of participating hunters and recipients; and 3) determine the effectiveness of the Nebraska Deer Exchange (NDE). The NDE was developed in 2008, featuring an interactive webpage hosted by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC). The NDE served as a database and matchmaker for hunters and recipients to contact each other and arrange the transfer of harvested deer. We evaluated the program by conducting an e-mail survey of participants. The code and website for the NDE were developed in 40 hr and the overall cost to NGPC was US$1,120. A total of 1,172 people participated the first year and >6,900 kg of venison was donated to willing recipients. Sixty-six percent of donors indicated they harvested additional deer as a direct result of the NDE. Surveyed participants overwhelmingly indicated that the program was easy, inexpensive, and should continue the next year. The NDE aided in the harvest of additional deer, increased interactions between hunters and nonhunters, and provided nutritious venison to willing recipients. 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Stability and Robustness Analysis of Dynamic Inversion Control Laws for Nonlinear Control of Fighter Aircraft

Aircraft dynamics are well modeled by a standard system of nonlinear ODEs (cf. [6] and [13]). Experience in industry shows that pilot simulations based on these nonlinear finite-dimensional models are very good.
The Role of Outcomes Research in Defining and Measuring Value in Benefit Decisions

OBJECTIVE: To identify ways that health care leaders at all levels can quantify the value proposition, thus influencing health care delivery and improving patient care. SUMMARY: Payers and providers need to support, with rigorous research, the value proposition for customers. Outcomes research focusing on clinical and cost-effectiveness analysis can provide an understanding of successful, replicable interventions. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies can be used to reinforce and refine the business proposition in health care, and they can be integrated to target populations needing health care services. Evaluations using clinical and outcomes research can also predict what is likely to be successful in the future. To maximize the business value of projects, they must incorporate a prospective evaluation component that includes asking the right research questions, identifying an appropriate time period, including a targeted population, articulating a replicable intervention, and determining the correct statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: Well-designed studies to analyze specific patient populations and their patterns of care can be used to determine a generalizable model to refine successful interventions that meet the critical value proposition for employers.
Numerical Study of Conditioning and Controllability of POD Models for Feedback Controllers

Designing optimal feedback controllers for complex fluid flows typically lead to very large discrete problems. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is a common tool in the development of low dimensional controllers for such complex flows. In this study we investigate two numerical properties for different POD bases designed for such optimal feedback control problems. We consider the distance to uncontrollability as well as the conditioning of the associated algebraic Riccati equation. We use a two dimensional Burgers equation as test problem and consider a POD model suggested by Camphouse. In this work a reduced basis construction method is used that allows for separate consideration of baseline and actuated dynamics as opposed to the case where the baseline and actuated dynamics are considered simultaneously. These different bases give rise to control problems with varying numerical properties. Numerical results are presented to illustrate these differences.
Rocking and overturning of precariously balanced rocks by earthquakes

Abstract Precariously balanced rocks in seismically active regions may be used to provide constraints on probabilistic estimates of strong ground motion. A computer program is developed to study the rocking response of models of precariously balanced rocks when subjected to various levels of ground accelerations. The computer code, validated by comparing the numerical and experimental results for simple-shaped rigid blocks, is used to study the rocking response of rectangular blocks with various aspect ratios to the El Centro strong ground motion recording of the 18 May 1940 Imperial Valley earthquake. Results show that during earthquakes, the horizontal components of ground motion play a dominant role in overturning rocking objects. The rederived and corrected Housner9s equation (1963) could be used to estimate the minimum overturning acceleration of precarious rocks at different frequencies by measuring the quasi-static toppling acceleration in the field.
Epidemiological investigation and analysis of caries among high and primary school students in Taizhou City

Objective The present study was conducted to know the prevalent situation of caries among high and primary school students in the area of Taizhou to provide a basis for the formula- tion of oral healthcare plan.Methods 2502 students(male 1501,female 1001),aged from 7 to 17 years,in two high and primary schools in Taizhou were sampled.Dental examination was conduct- ed for them based on the “National Technical Code for the Protocol of Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Common Diseases among Students”.WHO diagnostic standards for caries were adopted.Results The incidence rate of caries among high and primary school students was 37.41%.The incidence was lower among junior high school students(25.51%) than among primary school students (53.63%)and senior high school students (31.01%)(P＜0.05).The incidence of caries was highest in the 9-year age group (68.18%) and decreased with age thereafter,with a slight increase after the age of 14.The mean value of caries was 0.86 among the examined with a mean of 2.29 among the sufferers with caries.There is no significant difference in caries between boys and girls (P＜0.05).The total rate of caries filling was 22.70%,with the filling rate lower in primary school students (7.00%)than in junior high school students(37.31%)and highest in senior high school students (48.00%),P＜0.05.The filling rate was significantly higher among girls (26.23%)than among boys (20.30%)(P＜0.01).Conclusion It is concluded that the prevalence rate of caries among students is high but the filling rate is low.It is necessary to vigorously strengthen the promotion and education of oral hygiene knowledge and reinforce the implementa- tion of preventive and therapeutic measures.A regular survey of caries among students should be made to find out the disease early,contributing to early prevention and treatment.
Research of Simplified Approaches to Collect and Extract Epidemiological Survey Data

The paper introduces the necessity and principle of simplified epidemiological data collection and extraction.Taking hand -foot-and-mouth disease as an example,it elaborates the progress step by step,points out that the method is benifit to improve efficiency and quality of collection and extraction of data in epidemiological survey.
Phospholipid Accumulation in Histiocytes of Splenic Pulp Associated with Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Accumulation of a lipid, histochemically a phospholipid, in the histiocytes of the splenic pulp was observed in seven patients with thrombocytopenic purpura. Six had classical idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with abundant megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Splenectomy resulted in clinical and hematologic remissions in four of these six, continued thrombocytopenia in the fifth, and in the continued requirement of corticosteroid to maintain a reasonably normal platelet count in the sixth. The seventh patient, who died shortly after splenectomy, had marked hypoplasia of megakaryocytes. Similar lipid accumulation was not seen in more than 700 other spleens, removed for a variety of reasons, reviewed in this study. Platelet phagocytosis has been suggested as a source of the lipid.
Ticarcillin/clavulanate. An alternative to combination antibiotic therapy for treating soft tissue pelvic infections in women.

Soft tissue pelvic infections--i.e., postpartum endometritis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease and pelvic cellulitis--are predominantly polymicrobial. The microflora of these infections consists of a mixture of gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including aerobes and facultative and obligate anaerobes. Clindamycin plus gentamicin has been the principal antibiotic combination utilized for treatment of these infections. Ticarcillin/clavulanate appears to be an excellent replacement for initiating empiric therapy for these infections because of its safety and broad spectrum of activity, which includes gram-negative and -positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
Nonlinear disposition of intravenous 2',3'-dideoxyinosine in rats.

The pharmacokinetics of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddI) were examined in rats given intravenous doses of 8, 40, or 200 mg/kg. The concentrations of ddI in whole blood and plasma were identical. The concentration decline was multiexponential, with mean half-lives of 2 and 20 min for the first and second phases, respectively. At the highest dose, a slower third phase with a half-life of 56 min was observed. The total-body clearances were 99, 77, and 37 ml/min-kg for the 8, 40, and 200 mg/kg doses. The steady-state volume of distribution showed a trend for a decrease with increasing doses, but the difference was not statistically significant. Twenty-four-hour urinary recovery of unchanged drug for the three doses was similar at about 20%, suggesting that a major fraction of the dose was metabolized. Urinary excretion of ddI metabolite, hypoxanthine, accounted for less than 5% of the dose. Renal and metabolic clearances decreased with increased doses, ddI was metabolized in blood; the addition of inorganic phosphate, a cosubstrate in phos-phorylase-mediated nucleoside catabolism, enhanced the degradation by about fourfold. In summary, these data indicate equal distribution of ddI in the extracellular and intracellular spaces in blood, its enzymatic degradation in blood, and nonlinear elimination kinetics.
Finding the Set of Core Allocations in Matching Markets with Externalities

We study two-sided matching markets with externalities. In this kind of markets, agents have to count on the reactions of others when they deviate from the given matching. In the literature, agents expectations about these reactions are specif ed via so called estimation functions, and there are three approaches in their specif cations. The current paper provides an algorithm for each specif cation to find the set of core allocations.
Learning to Live in the Anthropocene: Our Children and Ourselves

This essay responds to recent philosophical interest in the Anthropocene by asking (Trachtenberg in Inhabiting the Anthropocene: how we live changes everything, 2016): Can and should educators adopt, form, transmit, teach ways of living to maintain, if not enhance Earth’s habitability, especially its habitability for diverse children? This inquiry therefore calls for conceptual study of learning to live through the Anthropocene—with, despite, after, before, amid, among, away from, and against its myriad harms, possible and actual, especially its harms to children. Examining cases of environmental racism in Checker’s Polluted Promises (2005), and other cases of environmental threats to children’s health, in Steingraber’s Raising Elijah (2011), this study begins by proposing the ecological gap in philosophy of education consequential for children resides within another epistemological gap, variously designated gender gap, love gap, care gap (Martin in The schoolhome: rethinking schools for changing families. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1992; Education reconfigured: culture, encounter, and change. Routledge, New York, 2011; Warren in Ecofeminist philosophy: a Western persepctive on what it is and why it matters. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, 2000). Ruddick’s maternal thinking (1984, 1988) provides a conceptual frame for theorizing three moral aims of learning to live in the Anthropocene that might inform public schooling.
The befuddling nature of mouse lemur hands and feet at Bezà Mahafaly, SW Madagascar

The reddish-gray mouse lemur (Microcebus griseorufus) possesses striking phenotypic and behavioral variation. This project investigates differences in autopod proportions in neighboring populations of M. griseorufus from the Special Reserve at Beza Mahafaly in southwest Madagascar. One population resides in an environment generally preferred by M. griseorufus-a spiny forest with large-trunked trees, vertically-oriented supports, and more open ground, while the other resides in a gallery forest with abundant small, often horizontal peripheral branches in high canopy. We demonstrate significant interpopulation differences in autopod morphophology despite no evidence of divergence in mitochondrial cytochrome b. We test two hypotheses regarding ultimate causation. The first, based on the Fine Branch Arborealism Hypothesis (FBAH), holds that autopod differences are related to different locomotor practices in the two environments, and the second, based on the Narrow Niche Hypothesis (NNH), holds that the observed differences reflect a relaxation (from ancestral to descendant conditions) of selective pressure for terrestrial locomotion and/or use of large, vertical supports combined with positive selection for locomoting in peripheral branch settings. Our data conform well to FBAH expectations and show some support for the NNH. Individuals from the gallery forest possess disproportionally long posterior digits that facilitate locomotion on small, flexible canopy supports while individuals from the spiny forest possess shorter posterior digits and a longer pollex/hallux that increase functional grasping diameter for large vertical supports and facilitate efficient ground locomotion. Focal individual data confirm differences in how often individuals descend to the ground and use vertical supports. We further show that predispersal juveniles, like adults, possess autopod morphologies suited to their natal forest. We explore two proximate mechanisms that could generate these cheiridial differences. The first posits an in vivo plastic response to different locomotor behaviors, the second posits differences that manifest in early development.
Canadian Raising in Chicagoland: The production and perception of a marginal contrast

Abstract In some North American English varieties the diphthong /aɪ/ has developed a distinctively higher nucleus before voiceless consonants and also before a flapped /t/. The phenomenon is known as Canadian Raising, as it was first described for Canadian English. We report on variation in the production and perception of this distinction in a group of female and male speakers from the Chicago area. We focus on the context before flapped /t/ and /d/. The production results show that there is a significant difference in the quality of both the nucleus and the offglide between these two contexts, albeit of a smaller magnitude than the difference observed before word-final voiceless and voiced consonants. In addition, we find a small difference in duration between diphthongs in the two pre-flap contexts. In perception, our subjects were only moderately successful in recognizing words in minimal pairs containing the target diphthong preceding a flap (as in writer vs rider), although with much higher than chance accuracy. A Quadratic Discriminant Analysis model classified the stimuli with substantially greater accuracy than our subjects. We conclude that in this English variety there is a contrast between a higher diphthong [ʌi] and a lower diphthong [aɪ], but this contrast is only marginal. This study contributes to our understanding of marginal contrasts in production and perception. The understanding of these contrasts has both theoretical and practical relevance.
Turn Intent Detection For Control of a Lower Limb Prosthesis

Objective: An adaptable lower limb prosthesis with variable stiffness in the transverse plane requires a control method to effect changes in real time during amputee turning. This study aimed to identify classification algorithms that can accurately predict turning using inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals from the shank with adequate time to enact a change in stiffness during the swing phase of gait when the prosthesis is unloaded. Methods: To identify if a turning step is imminent, classification models were developed around activities of daily living including 90° spin turns, 90° step turns, 180° turns, and straight walking using simulated IMU data from the prosthesis shank. Three classifiers were tested: support vector machine (SVM), K nearest neighbors (KNN), and a bagged decision tree ensemble (Ensemble). Results: Individual training gave superior results over training on a pooled set of users. Coupled with a simple control scheme, the SVM, KNN, and Ensemble classifiers achieved 96%, 93%, and 91% accuracy (no significant difference), respectively, predicting an upcoming turn 400 ± 70 ms prior to the heel strike of the turn. However, classification of straight walking transition steps varied between classifiers at 85%, 82%, 97% (Ensemble significantly different, $p\,= \,0.002$ ), respectively. Conclusion: The Ensemble model produced the best result overall; however, depending on the priority of identifying turning versus transition steps and processor performance, the SVM or KNN might still be considered. Significance: This research would be useful to help determine a classifier strategy for any lower limb device seeking to predict turn intent.
Diagnosing therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia with 8% blasts in bone marrow with concomitant plasma cell myeloma

![Figure][1] A 75-year-old woman with immunoglobulin A lambda plasma cell (PC) myeloma (PCM), status post multiple chemotherapies and autologous stem cell transplant (×3), presented with sudden-onset pancytopenia. Bone marrow (BM) core biopsy was hypercellular (80%) with 70% CD138+ PCs with
Local detection of PMU measurement errors using dynamic state estimators

This paper proposes the use of a couple of local PMUs and associated dynamic state estimators in order to detect and remove bad data in PMU measurements. Distinguishing features of the proposed approach is that it facilitates detection of bad-data in local PMU measurements without requiring a system-wide state estimator. The proposed approach relies on a performance evaluation technique which computes the probability density function (pdf) of the residuals provided by a dynamic state estimator. In the proposed approach it is assumed that there are at least two local PMUs that provide measurements to the dynamic state estimators of a synchronous generator. The proposed approach is implemented using a two-axis model of a synchronous generator with IEEE-Type 1 exciter. The performance of the proposed approach is investigated in the presence of bad-data associated with the measurements provided by the PMUs.
Outcomes and Assessment for Inflammatory Muscle Disease

This chapter describes the development and preliminary validation of measures to evaluate myositis disease activity, damage, and health-related quality of life for the adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The focus is primarily on the core set measures that have been developed through consensus methods by multidisciplinary collaborative study groups as well as new definitions of improvement that provide a composite response measure that combines the core set tools. Additional approaches that are not as fully validated but may also be important in the evaluation of individual myositis patients or useful in certain myositis studies are also reviewed. The utilization of standardized, validated approaches to assess myositis disease activity, damage, and health-related quality of life is enhancing the conduct of myositis clinical studies and therapeutic trials.
THE FREQUENCY OF LEG AUTOTOMY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SURVIVAL IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF THE WOLF SPIDER PARDOSA VALENS

Autotomy occurs when an animal intentionally sacrifices an appendage to escape predation or free a limb. While immediately beneficial, loss of an appendage can lead to a variety of future costs. In many spiders, leg autotomy is common; previous work has sometimes demonstrated autotomy costs in some behaviors, while other times no costs of autotomy occur. We examined frequency of autotomy in two riparian-zone population of the wolf spider Pardosa valens Barnes, 1959, then used both mark-recapture work at these sites and laboratory predation trials to determine whether autotomy affected survival. Autotomy occurred in 31% of spiders; males were more likely than females to have a missing leg, but female reproductive status (carrying an egg sac or not) was unrelated to leg-loss status. At both sites, survival over one week in the field was significantly higher for intact spiders than for spiders missing a leg, for both sexes and both female reproductive states. Additionally, when we paired intact and autotomiz...
Reducing Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Late Elementary School: A Comparison of Two Targeted Interventions.

Students with elevated levels of risk require targeted Tier 2 behavioral interventions that are efficient and effective to prevent the need for more intensive, special education supports. Although ...
Fidelity to the Event? Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness and the Russian Revolution

The underlying assumption of Lukacs’ History and Class Consciousness is that “history” can be understood as a unified and meaningful meta-narrative, which can be read along the lines of a realist novel. Although the future is not guaranteed, the present contains “objective possibilities” which can be identified and realized through activist intervention in the world by those who are destined to “make” history, the proletariat. In the intervening century since the Russian Revolution, it has become impossible to read “history” as a singular, triumphalist story leading to human emancipation or identify any one group as its subjective agent. To salvage the revolutionary potential of Lukacs’ work, it has been read instead in terms of “fidelity to the Event” by such latter-day Leninists as Alain Badiou and Slavoj Žižik. But their recourse to a meta-historical notion of pre-figuration and future realization is itself no less beholden to a literary or rhetorical device, that of figura, which was traced by Erich Auerbach in originally religious terms.
NP21 Advancing and Expanding HomeStyles: Shaping HOME Environments and LifeSTYLES to Prevent Childhood Obesity

Objective This multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional, multi-state, integrated research, education, and extension project will advance and expand the progress of HomeStyles toward reducing risk of childhood overweight and obesity. Description HomeStyles, an in-home family intervention, enables and motivates parents to shape home environments and weight-related lifestyle practices to prevent childhood obesity. Segment one of HomeStyles focused families with preschoolers (ages 2-5). A dissemination feasibility study was launched to determine how to effectively diffuse the innovations of the evidence-based HomeStyles-Segment one intervention to parents of children in preschools/daycares. The creation of a novel, culturally-competent HomeStyles-Segment two responsive to the developmentally unique needs of middle childhood (6-11 years) is in development for delivery online and in face-to-face SNAP-Ed sessions. Further, this project continues to build the expertise of the next generation of nutrition and health education professionals in creating effective childhood obesity prevention programs through formal coursework and hands-on practicums. Evaluation The dissemination feasibility study for Segment one includes pre/post surveys completed by a key informant at each participating preschool/daycare and brief parent surveys. The new, second segment of HomeStyles tailored to families with children 6 to 11 years will be evaluated via a randomized controlled trial designed to determine whether this novel, age-appropriate, family intervention enables and motivates English- and Spanish-speaking parents to shape their home environments and weight-related lifestyle practices (diet, exercise, sleep) to reduce risk of obesity during middle childhood more than those in the control condition. Students enrolled in coursework and practicums will continue to be evaluated using rubrics and satisfaction surveys. Conclusions and Implications This intervention will apply community-based participatory research principles and be aligned with current obesity prevention recommendations and behavior change theories. This project will provide a sustainable model for confronting and combating obesity and safeguarding health that can be brought to scale nationwide.
Classifier systems, endogenous fitness, and delayed rewards: a preliminary investigation

Previous work has shown the potential advantages of using endogenous fitness schemes in classifier systems. The basic idea behind endogenous fitness is to reinforce successful system performance with \resources" that rules need in order to reproduce. Instead of storing explicit quantitative estimates of performance, each rule has one or more reservoirs that are used to store resources. When enough resources have been accumulated, a rule utilizes some of its resources to reproduce and the reservoir level is reduced accordingly. This paper extends this concept to accommodate environments having delayed rewards. Reinforcement learning techniques for solving average-reward Markovian decision processes are combined with a simple endogenous fitness scheme in a classifier system. We describe initial tests of this approach on state-space search problems used in previous classifier system studies.
The Impact of Government Funding on Competition in the Nonprofit Sector: An Integrative Model and Review of Empirical Research

Changes in the scope and structure of public sector funding over the past few decades have had significant effects on the organizational environment in which nonprofit organizations operate. This article presents an integrative model within which the empirical literature regarding government funding effects on nonprofits is reviewed. This model conceptualizes the effects as deriving from two discrete forces – supply dynamics that have immediate population-level influences and a set of implementation dynamics that shape competition via organizational effects. This integrated model provides coherence to the literature and supplies a framework for future research.
Depolymerization of Polyester Polymers from the Oxidation of Soybean Biodiesel

Aging of soybean biodiesel at an elevated temperature (90 °C) with aeration, simulating diesel engine fuel system conditions, yielded higher molecular weight materials and increased kinematic visco...
Prepregnancy Depression and Breastfeeding Duration: A Look at Maternal Age.

Background. In the United States, major depressive disorder affects one in five women aged 20-40 years. During these childbearing years, depression can negatively impact maternal behaviors that are crucial for infant growth and development. This study examined the relationship between prepregnancy depression and breastfeeding duration by maternal age. Methods. Data from Phase 7 (2012-2013) of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (N=62,483) were analyzed. Prepregnancy depression was dichotomized while breastfeeding duration was categorized as never breastfed, breastfed 8 weeks or less, and breastfed more than 8 weeks. Maternal age was a significant effect modifier; therefore, results were stratified by maternal age. Multinomial logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. For women aged 20-24, 25-29, and 30-34 years with prepregnancy depression, the odds of never breastfeeding and breastfeeding 8 weeks or less were significantly higher than in women with no history of prepregnancy depression. Notably, among women aged 25-29 with prepregnancy depression, the odds of never breastfeeding and breastfeeding 8 weeks or less were 93% (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.93, 95% CI =1.57-2.37) and 65% (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.37-1.99) higher compared to women with no history of prepregnancy depression, respectively. Conclusions. Having a history of poor mental health before pregnancy may increase the likelihood of premature breastfeeding cessation. A woman’s mental health status before pregnancy should be considered in reproductive and prenatal care models. Efforts should be made to understand challenges women of specific age groups face when trying to breastfeed.
Synthesis of (BiSe)1+δ(Bi2Se3)1+γ(BiSe)1+δTiSe2 by Directed Self-Assembly of a Designed Precursor

The synthesis, structure, and properties of a new three-constituent heterostructure containing BiSe, Bi2Se3, and TiSe2 layers, each with a different structural motif, are reported. (BiSe)1+δ(Bi2Se3...
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis induces oncogenic regulatory T cells (TUM9P.1000)

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is an occasional inducer of inflammatory diarrhea and acute colitis, and preliminary studies have recently demonstrated an association with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer in humans. The pathogenesis of ETBF can largely be attributed to the secretion of a toxin, BFT ( B. fragilis toxin), which has a profound effect on the colonic microenvironment. BFT promotes cleavage of E-cadherin, activates NF-kB and Wnt/b-catenin signaling, and stimulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a. The inflammation associated with ETBF is characterized by robust IL-17 cytokine secretion, and in Min APC/+ mice, ETBF induces IL-17-dependent distal colon tumorigenesis. In an attempt to elucidate the immunologic differences between the distal and proximal colon, we found ETBF induced a greater density of Foxp3+ Tregs in the distal colon. Furthermore, those Tregs initiate the oncogenic IL-17 response to ETBF. While investigating the Treg and IL-17 responses to ETBF, we found that depletion of Tregs in ETBF-colonized C57BL/6 Foxp3 DTR-GFP Min APC/+ mice mitigated intestinal IL-17 production as well as colonic neoplasia. Antibody blockade of IL-2, but not genetic ablation of IFN-γ, restored ETBF-induced microadenoma formation. These findings unveil a new mechanism of cancer-induced inflammation whereby an overt Treg response to intestinal bacteria promotes colon tumorigenesis.
Illness uncertainty, partner support, and quality of life: A dyadic longitudinal investigation of couples facing prostate cancer.

Objective Prostate cancer (PC) and its treatment often result in chronic, negative side-effects that affect both patients and their romantic partners. Illness uncertainty is a chronic stressor that impacts PC patients and their partners and, if left unmanaged, predicts decreased interpersonal functioning and quality of life (QOL) after treatment is complete. This study explored associations among psychosocial constructs, measured from both partners during the first year following a PC diagnosis, to better understand both partners' experiences and identify potential intervention targets for improving QOL. Methods Couples (N = 165) in which one partner was undergoing treatment for PC were recruited from the Duke University Medical Center of Urology. Patients and their partners were surveyed at four time points: diagnosis and 1-, 6-, and 12-months post treatment. An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework was used to examine associations among perceived partner support, nonsupportive behaviors, illness uncertainty, relationship satisfaction, and physical and mental QOL. Results Partners feeling more supported at diagnosis was related to patients feeling more supported at 6 months. When patients' illness uncertainty decreased between diagnosis and 1 month, partners reported feeling more supported and engaging in fewer nonsupportive behaviors at 6-months post-treatment. Finally, partners' reports of support at 6 months predicted patients' 12-month ratings of physical and mental QOL and relationship satisfaction. Conclusions Findings highlight psychological interdependence between PC patients and their partners. Future interventions to improve long-term QOL in couples facing PC may benefit by targeting both partner support and illness uncertainty.
Using Process Mining (PM) and Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) for Comparing Processes of Collaborative Problem Regulation.

Learning Sciences research often concerns the analysis of data from individual or collaborative learning processes. For the analysis of such data, various methods have been proposed, including Process Mining (PM) and Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA). Both methods have advantages and disadvantages when analyzing learning processes. We argue that a concerted use of both techniques may provide valuable information that would be obscured when using only one of these methods. We demonstrate this by applying PM and ENA on data from a study that investigated how students regulate collaborative learning when faced with either motivational or comprehension-related problems. While PM showed that collaborative learners are more incoherent (i.e. more heterogeneous in their chosen activities) when regulating motivational problems than comprehension-related problems at the beginning, ENA revealed that in later stages of their learning process, they focus on fewer activities when being confronted with motivational than with comprehension-related problems. Thus, a combination of the two approaches seems to be warranted.
Gender and White-Collar Crime – Theoretical Issues

In the mid-1970s, scholars theorized that as women’s lives grew beyond traditional gendered constraints their involvement in crime would come to resemble that of men. Key to some arguments was that...