cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SPIN-LATTICE RELAXATION IN SOME RARE-EARTH SALTS. I. TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE

We report measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation rate ${{T}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for several magnetically dilute rare-earth ions in the temperature range $1.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ensuremath{\leqq}T\ensuremath{\leqq}5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K, using the transient recovery of the microwave paramagnetic resonance in the frequency range $8\ensuremath{\leqq}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\leqq}18$ Gc/sec. Data are given for ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{3+}$ in the double nitrate ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}$${(\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})}_{12}$.24${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O; for ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{3+}$, and ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ in the ethyl sulfate La${({\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{5}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{3}$.9${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O; and for ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$, and ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{3+}$ in the ethyl sulfate Y${({\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{5}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{3}$.9${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O. We observe the temperature dependence for the direct process ${{T}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\propto}T$; for the Orbach process ${{T}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{T})$; and for the Raman process ${{T}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{7} or {T}^{9}$. The magnitudes of the processes are in reasonable agreement with simple theoretical estimates. The observed rates are shown to be independent of paramagnetic ion concentration in the range 0.1 to 1%. For Pr in the ethyl sulfate, we observe, as expected, a phonon bottleneck rate ${{T}_{b}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{2}$ rather than the direct process. In several cases the Orbach process determines a previously unknown value of the crystal-field splitting $\ensuremath{\Delta}$, while in some cases it shows that the value of $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ in the dilute salt is significantly different from the value determined optically in the concentrated salt.
Acoustic radiation prediction of a compressor from 3D experimental spatial dynamics modeling

An application of experimental spatial dynamics modeling is demonstrated for predicting the direct acoustic radiation of a vibrating structure based on experimental velocity response data. A scanning LDV was used to measure velocity response at thousands of locations on a operating reciprocating Freon compressor. Positionally registered data was acquired at multiple scanning positions of the LDV. A weighted least-squares discrete finite element formulation was applied to reconstruct the continuous 3-D velocity response field from the experimental data for a single frequency. The 3-D surface velocity model provided the data necessary for predicting acoustic radiation with a Finite Element/Boundary Element acoustic code. Experimental verification was achieved by acquiring acoustic measurements all around the compressor and comparing the results to the predicted response. The primary motivation for acoustic analysis of the compressor is to reduce the operating noise. This is the first time experimental dynamics analysis has been linked directly to the acoustic analysis of the operational compressor.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A cell structure for the set of autoregressive systems

The set of autoregressive systems generalizes the set of transfer functionsin a natural way. We describe a topology for the set of all autoregressive systems of fixed size and bounded McMillan degree. We show that this topological space has the structure of a finite CW complex.
Dorsoventral patterning of the telencephalon is disrupted in the mouse mutant extra-toes(J).

Little is known about the mechanisms that control the development of regional identity in the mammalian telencephalon. The Gli family of transcription factor genes is involved in the regulation of pattern at many sites in the embryo and is expressed in the embryonic mouse telencephalon. We have analyzed telencephalic patterning in the extra-toes (J) (Xt(J)) mouse mutant, which carries a deletion in the Gli family member Gli3. We report that dorsoventral patterning of the telencephalon is dramatically disrupted in the Xt(J) mutant. Specific dorsal telencephalic cell types and gene expression patterns are lost in homozygous Xt(J) mutants, and features of ventral telencephalic identity develop ectopically in the dorsal telencephalon. This partial ventralization of the dorsal telencephalon does not appear to be induced by an expansion of Sonic hedgehog expression in the telencephalon, but may be due to a loss of Bmp and Wnt gene expression in a putative dorsal telencephalic signaling center, the cortical hem. Our findings suggest that in dorsal telencephalon Gli3 is needed to repress ventral telencephalic identity.
Shortlisted Investigating Feasibility of Combined Hip and Solution Heat Treat Process for Production of Critical Aluminium Castings

AbstractAluminium castings used in cyclically stressed applications need to be produced more economically. The present investigation examines the potential of a combined densification and heat treatment process. Using existing hot isostatic pressing hardware, a combined production process was developed using the Bodycote Densal process and a solution heat treatment. Three different castings were treated: permanent mould Al–Si–Mg alloy ABS master cylinder housing, sandcast Sr modified A356 experimental wedge coupon and sandcast Sr modified A356 steering knuckles. The tensile properties and fatigue behaviour of the castings was investigated using SEM and EDAX analysis. The results for the castings processed with the combined treatment were similar to the castings subjected to the more traditional production process of densification followed by heat treatment. On an industrial scale, energy savings are estimated to be ~50% with timesavings of ~30%.
Comparing self and maternal reports of adolescents’ general health status: Do self and proxy reports differ in their relationships with covariates?

Given that mothers often—but do not always—report children’s health status in surveys, it is essential to gain an understanding of whether the relationship between children’s general health status and relevant covariates depends on who reports children’s general health status. Using data from the first wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997 cohort (N = 6,466), a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States ages 12 to 17 in 1997, the study first examined the concordance between self and maternal reports of adolescents’ general health status. Then, self and maternal reports of adolescents’ general health status were each regressed on health-relevant covariates, and tests of differences in coefficients across the models were estimated. Self and maternal reports of adolescents’ general health status are moderately concordant. Furthermore, the associations of adolescents’ general health status with adolescent BMI and the adolescent being female significantly differ across reporters, such that the negative relationships are even more negative with self compared to maternal reports of adolescents’ general health status. The associations of adolescents’ general health status with the measures of adolescents’ health limitations, maternal self-rated health, and certain sociodemographic covariates differ across reporters, such that each has a greater relationship with maternal compared to self-reports of adolescents’ general health status. The results are important for interpreting research on the causes and consequences of child and adolescent health, as results across studies may not be comparable if the reporter is not the same.
Modeling of Ship Roll Dynamics and Its Coupling with Heave and Pitch

In order to study the dynamic behavior of ships navigating in severe environmental conditions it is imperative to develop their governing equations of motion taking into account the inherent nonlinearity of large-amplitude ship motion. The purpose of this paper is to present the coupled nonlinear equations of motion in heave, roll, and pitch based on physical grounds. The ingredients of the formulation are comprised of three main components. These are the inertia forces and moments, restoring forces and moments, and damping forces and moments with an emphasis to the roll damping moment. In the formulation of the restoring forces and moments, the influence of large-amplitude ship motions will be considered together with ocean wave loads. The special cases of coupled roll-pitch and purely roll equations of motion are obtained from the general formulation. The paper includes an assessment of roll stochastic stability and probabilistic approaches used to estimate the probability of capsizing and parameter identification.
Methanol solubility of acid-precipitated proteins: a possible source of error in incorporation studies.

SummaryThe methanol solubility of acidprecipitated proteins was investigated. Cell fractions obtained from mouse liver, were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid, and in perchloric acid. The extent of the solubility of these precipitated proteins in methanol under various conditions was determined by radioactivity measurements. The results indicate the magnitude of error that may result in incorporation experiments wherein unheated acid-precipitated proteins are washed with a polar solvent.
Shaping electrical field in heterostructure transistors

Abstract The decrease of the electron transit time in FETs is achieved mainly by design of short transistors and minimization of scattering in the intrinsic layer of the HEMT channel. A penalty of this miniaturization trend is the creation of a poorly controlled, extremely high electric field along the channel of a transistor. The non-linear distribution of the electric field along the channel of HEMTs leads to the reduction of mobility by a factor of 5–7, causing sequential worsening of the performance parameters, such as gain (gm) and cut-off frequency (ft). The appearance of hot electrons around the drain is another issue on a long list of problems resulting from extreme field profiles. Fundamental dependence of electron velocity on electrical field strength was the foundation of field tailoring in variety of multi-gate transistors. In recent years, the intensified research was focused on reshaping the field profile by using various topologies of additional electrodes, called Field Plates (FPs), such as Overlapping Gate structures, Detached FP design, Stacked 2- and 3-floor FP systems, and others. The current study presents a review of the advantages and drawbacks of various HEMT designs where additional field plates were used. Although most of the FP topologies were used to increase the breakdown voltage of the new transistors, we offer another application for the field plates. They can be used to improve the average electron velocity. It is also shown that a new pHEMT with quasi-constant gm can be designed using FPs.
Development of a scanning confocal laser microscopic technique to examine the structure and composition of marine snow

A technique was developed to image marine snow particles by scanning confocal laser microscopy (SCLM). This method allows structural and compositional characterization of fully hydrated marine snow particles with minimal disruption of the particle structure. High specificity fluorescent stains permitted sequential imaging of selected polysaccharides (concanavalin A: specific for mannose and glucose polymers), proteins [5-(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl) aminofluorescein], and DNA (propidium iodide). Chl a autofluorescence can also be imaged. SCLM produced optical slices of marine snow particles that were suited for a number of image-processing applications. These applications include high-resolution fluorescently derived optical slices and composite images produced from combined optical slices. Initial observations suggest that marine snow particles found in the oligotrophic Pacific Ocean vary in composition and structure. Variations in polysaccharide and protein composition of marine snow particles may be related to particle morphology. When combined with other conventional analysis, such as epifluorescent and electron microscopy, LSCM can provide important contributions to characterizing composition and structure of marine snow.
Circadian rhythms in DNA synthesis and mitosis in normal mice and in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma

Abstract Circadian rhythms in the incorporation of 3 H -Tdr into chemically isolated DNA (DNA specific activity or DNA-SA) from spleen, thymus, duodenum, bone marrow and liver were altered by the presence of the Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) in BDF 1 mice standardized to a 12:12 light—dark cycle (light 0600–1800 , CST). In general, the longer the LLC was present in the host the more pronounced the changes were in the normal circadian pattern of DNA-SA in the host's organs. Different ages ( 6, 10 or 14-day old tumors) of LLC caused different changes in (1) phasing, (2) waveform and (3) over-all level of DNA-SA in all organs examined. The circadian rhythm in the mitotic index in the corneal epithelium, however, remained unperturbed by the presence of a 6 -, 10 - or 14-day -old LLC. The LLC itself exhibited significant high-frequency fluctuation in the amount of DNA-SA during the circadian period.
Brownian motion of non-wetting droplets held on a flat solid by gravity

At equilibrium a small liquid droplet standing on a solid (dry) horizontal surface it does not wet rests on this surface on a small disc. As predicted and observed if such a droplet is in a low-viscosity vapor the main source of drag for a motion along the surface is the viscous dissipation in the liquid near the disc of contact. This dissipation is minimized by a Huygens-like motion coupling rolling and translation in such a way that the fluid near the disc of contact is almost motionless with respect to the solid. Because of this reduced drag and the associated large mobility the coefficient of Brownian diffusion is much larger than its standard Stokes-Enstein value. This is correct if the weight of the droplet is sufficient to keep it on the solid, instead of being lifted by thermal noise. The coupling between translation along the surface and rotation could be measured by correlated random angular deviations and horizontal displacement in this Brownian motion.
Molecular cloning and characterization of high-affinity nitrate transporters in marine phytoplankton

Nitrate transporter systems initiate nitrate uptake in photoautotrophic organisms including marine phytoplankton. The functional genes encoding high-affinity nitrate transporters (Nrt2) in marine phytoplankton were investigated in this study. Direct PCR amplification with newly developed primers was used to detect Nrt2 genes in cultured marine phytoplankton species: Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher (Chlorophyceae); Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) W. H. Hay et H. Mohler (Haptophyceae); and four diatoms, including Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) G. A. Fryxell et Hasle, Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve, Ditylum brightwellii (T. West) Grunow, and Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmerm. (Bacillariophyceae). Phylogenetic analysis of the detected Nrt2 genes identified three distinct clusters grouped by each class of phytoplankton species. Transcriptional abundance (mRNA) of Nrt2 genes in D. tertiolecta, E. huxleyi, T. weissflogii, and C. muelleri were measured using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR assays under various nitrogen conditions. The diatoms and E. huxleyi induced Nrt2 gene transcripts both in the presence of nitrate and under nitrogen (N) starvation, while the Nrt2 transcript in D. tertiolecta was induced only when nitrate was present. Chaetoceros muelleri exhibited the highest transcript induction of the Nrt2 gene. The transcriptional abundance of the Nrt2 genes in C. muelleri was further examined with short-term nitrate incubation of cells grown under N-sufficient or N-starved conditions. The maximum induction of Nrt2 gene transcripts was observed within 1 h after nitrate was added. Thus, we report differential induction and regulation of Nrt2 genes in the selected phytoplankton species to varying conditions of external N.
A Planar Two-Dimensional Superconducting Bolometer Array for the Green Bank Telescope

In order to provide high sensitivity rapid imaging at 3.3 mm (90 GHz) for the Green Bank Telescope - the world's largest steerable aperture - a camera is being built by the University of Pennsylvania, NASA/GSFC, and NRAO. The heart of this camera is an 8x8 close-packed, Nyquist-sampled detector array. We have designed and are fabricating a functional superconducting bolometer array system using a monolithic planar architecture. Read out by SQUID multiplexers, the superconducting transition edge sensors will provide fast, linear, sensitive response for high performance imaging. This will provide the first ever superconducting bolometer array on a facility instrument.
Blocking the endogenous increase in Hsp 72 increases susceptibility to hypoxia and reoxygenation in isolated adult feline cardiocytes

Background Heat shock protein (HSP) 72 is a ubiquitous protein that is rapidly induced in response to stress and is thought to constitute an endogenous protective response. Previously, work has focused on the effect of overexpression of HSP 72 in various cell types. We were interested in testing the hypothesis that blocking the increase in HSP 72 that occurs in response to hypoxia or ischemia would be deleterious, thus showing that the endogenous response in cells, particularly cardiac cells, is an important line of defense against cell injury. Methods and Results Isolated adult feline cardiocytes were treated with a 14-mer phosphorothioate antisense (AS) to HSP 72 and then exposed to mild (8 hours) or severe (12 hours) hypoxia. With mild hypoxia, an increase in LDH release, a decrease in MTT uptake, and a decrease in live-to-dead ratios were seen in AS-treated cells compared with control cells and cells treated with the complementary sense sequence or with AS to major histocompatibility complex I. AS treatment converted mild hypoxic injury to a pattern of cell injury seen with severe injury. After severe hypoxia, all treatment groups showed an increase in LDH, a decrease in MTT uptake, and a decrease in live-to-dead ratios; AS-treated cells had the greatest increase in cell injury. AS treatment produced a 40% decrease in HSP 72 levels after hypoxia compared with control cells treated with hypoxia. A dose-response study showed inhibition of the increase in HSP 72 with as little as 5 μg (1.24 μmol/L) of AS. Conclusions (1) Blocking an increase in HSP 72 with AS increases the susceptibility of adult cardiac myocytes to hypoxic injury. (2) HSP 72 is an important part of the normal cell response to stress and is important in protecting cardiac myocytes from hypoxia and reoxygenation.
Measurement of Ultrasonic Attenuation Within Regions Selected from B-Scan Images

This paper describes the calculation of absolute ultrasonic attenuation as a function of frequency by processing backscattered signals obtained from a clinical imaging instrument. The signal processing steps are developed from a mathematical model of scattering in an attenuating medium with random inhomogeneities. Attenuation data are derived from the imaging system by recording amplitude-compressed ultrasonic echo waveforms along with transducer position information and time-varying gain values. The input-output characteristics of the receiver are employed to remove the effects of compression and gain. Attenuation values are calculated for selected regions within scans of two tissue phantoms and a normal breast. The values agree with other independent measurements and illustrate the requirements for incorporating quantitative attenuation measurements with clinical imaging.
Sequential self-assembly of micron-scale components with light

We present a versatile and flexible method to sequentially self-assemble micron-scale components at specific locations onto unconventional substrates, such as glass and plastic. In this method, components are independently batch fabricated and assembled onto a series of receptor sites incorporated onto a substrate in a fluid medium. Initially, all self-assembly sites are blocked with a photoresist polymer. Controlled light exposure can be used to remove the polymer and make a site available for receiving a microcomponent. By repeating this procedure, various microcomponents may be integrated onto specific locations on the substrate. To demonstrate the process, we prepared four types of 20 μm thick, 320 μm diameter circular silicon components and showed their optically controllable self-assembly in arrays of 640 receptor sites on glass and plastic with yields reaching 85%. The integration and operation of two types of functional components, red light-emitting diodes and silicon resistors, on plastic substrates was also demonstrated.
Point Mutations in v-Myb Disrupt a Cyclophilin-Catalyzed Negative Regulatory Mechanism

The c-Myb protein is controlled by intramolecular interactions, and point mutations can enhance its oncogenic activity. We tested whether conformational changes regulate c-Myb and found that Cyp-40, a widely distributed cyclophilin and peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, could inhibit c-Myb DNA binding activity. Inhibition by Cyp-40 required both its C-terminal protein-interaction domain, which bound specifically to c-Myb, and its N-terminal catalytic domain and was blocked by the competitive inhibitor cyclosporin A. Cyp-40 failed to bind or inhibit the oncogenic derivative v-Myb, which has a mutated Cyp-40 binding site. These results suggest that mutations in v-Myb allow it to evade a negative regulatory mechanism mediated by enzymes such as Cyp-40, and implicate peptidyl-prolyl isomerases in the regulation of transcription, transformation, and differentiation.
Two-body hyperon final states in antiproton interactions at 2.2 GeV/c

The reactions\(\bar pp \to \bar \Lambda \Lambda \),\(\bar \Lambda \Sigma ^0 + C.C.\),\(\bar \Sigma ^ + \Sigma ^ + \) and\(\bar \Sigma ^ - \Sigma ^ - \) are studied at 2.2 GeV/c. The cross-section, differential cross-section, polarization and spin correlations (between the\(\bar \Lambda \) and Λ hyperons) are discussed.
Effects of testosterone in the VMN on copulation, partner preference, and vocalizations in male rats.

The present study tested whether testosterone propionate (TP) implanted in the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus could initiate performance, motivational, or sociosexual components of sexual behavior in castrated male rats. Twenty-seven intact male Long Evans rats were pretested for copulation, partner preference, and 50-kHz vocalization and were subsequently castrated. Approximately 3 weeks after castration, males were retested to confirm that these behaviors had declined, and groups were assigned. Groups 1 and 2 were implanted with bilateral stainless steel cannulae directed at the VMN that were either filled with TP (TVMN group) or remained empty (Blank group). A third group (TSC) was implanted subcutaneously with two 10-mm Silastic capsules filled with testosterone. Restoration of behavior was measured for 2 weeks after implants. We found that copulation and 50-kHz vocalization were not restored by TP in the VMN alone. However, partner preference returned to preoperative levels in both the TVMN and TSC groups, indicating that TP in the VMN was sufficient to restore sexual motivation. Following behavioral testing, prostate glands and seminal vesicles were weighed and confirmed that TP did not leak into the periphery in the TVMN group. Immunostaining for androgen receptors also verified that TP spread was confined to the immediate area surrounding the cannula tip. These results suggest that androgen activation at the VMN is sufficient to induce the motivational components of male sexual behavior, whereas activation of other brain sites is required for copulation and ultrasonic vocalization.
The role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric brain tumors

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) may enhance the radiographic diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors. This study reviews the DWI properties of pediatric brain tumors at our institution and examines their relationship to tumor grade and type. The preoperative DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) characteristics of brain tumors in 41 children were compared with histologic diagnosis. Signal characteristics on DWI and ADC maps correlated well with tumor grade. High-grade lesions were hyperintense on DWI and hypointense on ADC maps. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 70, 100, 100, and 91%, respectively. Signal characteristics did not differ among different tumors of the same grade. All primitive neuroectodermal tumors showed diffusion restriction whereas none of the ependymomas did. The signal characteristics on DWI and ADC maps appeared to be strongly correlated to grade in pediatric brain tumors and they may assist with preoperative diagnostic predictions.
Assessing and controlling wound infection

Quantitatively, wounds harboring bacteria that exceed 105 colony-forming units per gram are considered infected wounds. There are acute wounds and chronic wounds, and the approach to controlling the infection is similar. Although the granulating bed may be avascular, systemic anti-infectives are employed adjunctively to circumvent systemic infection. The main armamentarium of the attack is the use of topical anti-infectives, which invade the bacteria where they reside, and, consequently, reduce their numbers and promote wound healing.
Manufacturing Cost Analysis of Surface Mount PCB Designs

A product's design influences its manufacturing process and the associated costs. Consequently, design engineers need to review their designs from a manufacturing perspective. While ‘Design For Manufacturing’ (DFM) tools often identify the manufacturing problems associated with a design, they would be more effective if these problems could be represented to the designer in terms of a cost value. This research developed a cost estimation tool for the designer in the surface mount printed circuit board (PCB) domain by integrating computer aided design, computer aided process planning (CAPP) and cost estimation techniques using a knowledge based framework. The cost estimation can be done in two design stages. First, an initial approximation of the manufacturing cost can be obtained using information such as the component mix, type of substrate and the size of board. After the detailed design of the PCB has been developed, a more accurate PCB assembly cost can be obtained using computer aided design (CAD) data. Both cost determination strategies would require the generation of a macro‐process plan. The cost advisor considers tangible and intangible factors. This cost advisor and the DFM environment have been developed using C ++ and object oriented programming constructs under the MS Windows operating system.
Hemocyanin in Oniscus asellus (isopoda)

Abstract 1. 1. An immunological crossreactivity, as demonstrated by Western blotting, exists between O. asellus hemocyanin and anti-keyhole limpet (Megathura crenulata) hemocyanin. 2. 2. Using the anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, the presence of hemocyanin was detected in the hepatopancreas. 3. 3. The amino acid composition of the hemocyanin of O. asellus was found to be similar to that of other isopods.
Automatic Energy Efficient Parallelization of Uniform Dependence Computations

Energy is now a critical concern in all aspects of computing. We address a class of programs that includes the so-called "stencil computations" that have already been optimized for speed. We target the energy expended in dynamic memory accesses, since most other components of the total energy are usually already reduced when optimizing for speed alone. For a standard shared memory multi-core processor, we seek to minimize the total number of off-chip memory accesses without sacrificing execution time. Our strategy uses two-level tiling with multiple pipelined passes. Because of the sophisticated tiling and parallelization, such codes are difficult to write by hand, especially for parametric tile sizes. They are also beyond the capability of current code generators because the schedules used are polynomial functions, more general than multidimensional schedules. We implement a parametric tiled code generator to support this strategy, and also develop a simple quantitative linear regression model for the energy consumed by a program. We experimentally validate our techniques on a set of benchmarks including those from the Polybench suite on two platforms. Our experiments show that about 78% (resp. 80%) of the dynamic memory energy consumption on an 8-core Xeon E5-2650 v2 (resp. 6-core Xeon E5-2620 v2) based machine can be avoided. This leads to a reduction in the total energy of the program by 2% to 14%.
Temperature Dependence of the Oxidation of 2-Chlorophenol by Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Goethite

The oxidation of 2-chlorophenol by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of goethite has been investigated over the 299–323 K temperature range. Kinetic studies suggest that two different reaction stages exist, and that under the experimental conditions used in this work, each may be modeled as a pseudo-first-order reaction. The first stage involves the dissolution of goethite, based on experiments conducted on the effect of prior stirring time. However, comparison of the apparent activation energy for the first stage with those found in the literature indicates the concomitant oxidation of 2-chlorophenol likely takes places from hydroxyl radicals produced from reaction at the goethite surface, rather than those from a Fenton-based mechanism. The apparent activation energy for the second stage is closer to that for a Fenton-based reaction, suggesting that the second stage mainly involves oxidation of 2-chlorophenol by hydroxyl radicals formed from hydrogen peroxide reacting with the dissolved iron species. Taken together, these results provide further insight towards a molecular-level understanding of the reactivity of chlorinated phenols in the presence of minerals during remediation processes.
Evaluation of Sonochemical Destruction of PCE in In Situ Flushing Waste Fluids

Remediation of source zones at sites contaminated with dense non-aqueous-phase liquids using aggressive in situ flushing technologies, such as the addition of chemical additives known as cosolvents, have been implemented and successfully demonstrated in recent field tests. However, treatment of the waste fluids generated from such cleanup technologies has not received much attention. The purpose of this laboratory research was to evaluate the feasibility of using sonication as a method for treating waste fluids produced during in situ alcohol flushing at a site contaminated with a dense non-aqueous-phase liquid. Experimental results showed that sonochemical destruction of perchloroethylene (PCE) followed pseudo first-order kinetics and that increasing ethanol cosolvent percentages in the aqueous effluent resulted in decreasing degradation rates of PCE in solution. The energy efficiency (G = degradation/energy input) of the sonication treatment also decreased as the ethanol volume fraction increased. Overa...
Lesional tachycardias related to mitral valve surgery

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to define the anatomic distribution of electrically abnormal atrial tissue and mechanisms of atrial tachycardia (AT) after mitral valve (MV) surgery. BACKGROUND Atrial tachycardia is a well-recognized long-term complication of MV surgery. Because atrial incisions from repair of congenital heart defects provide a substrate for re-entrant arrhythmias in the late postoperative setting, we hypothesized that atriotomies or cannulation sites during MV surgery also contributed to postoperative arrhythmias. METHODS In 10 patients with prior MV surgery, electroanatomic maps were constructed of 11 tachycardias (6 right atrium [RA], 4 left atrium [LA] and 1 biatrial). Activation and voltage maps were used to identify areas of low voltage, double potentials and conduction block. RESULTS Lesions were present in the lateral wall of the RA (six of seven maps) and in the LA along the septum adjacent to the right pulmonary veins (four of five maps). In 8 of 10 patients, these findings corresponded to atrial incisions or cannulation sites. Arrhythmia mechanisms were identified for 9 of 11 tachycardias. A macro-re-entrant circuit was mapped in six cases, three involving lesions in the lateral wall of the RA and three involving the LA septum and right pulmonary veins. In three of these cases figure-of-eight re-entry was demonstrated, and in the other three a single macro-re-entrant circuit was observed. In three other cases, a focal origin was identified adjacent to abnormal tissue in the RA (two cases) or within a pulmonary vein (one case). CONCLUSIONS Surgical incisions for MV surgery provide a substrate for atrial arrhythmias. Both macro-re-entrant and focal mechanisms contribute to AT after MV surgery.
Low distortion 6-copy multicasting of analog signal using self-seeded parametric mixer

We present the highest performing multicasting of six copies generated in a self-seeded parametric mixer using distortion free SBS suppression. The multicasting operation results in high signal-to-noise and — distortion-ratio wavelength copies compatible for analog processing.
Electronic Health Records and Ambulatory Quality of Care

CONTEXT The US Federal Government is investing up to $29 billion in incentives for meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs). However, the effect of EHRs on ambulatory quality is unclear, with several large studies finding no effect.
PREPARATIVE METHODS FOR DISK ELECTROPHORESIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ISOLATION OF PITUITARY HORMONES.

Abstract The design and use of several devices which can be used for the isolation of proteins by the disk electrophoretic technique are described. The methods include: means of accurately and reproducibly sectioning columns of polyacrylamide; electrophoretic elution of protein from gel sections; and a preparative device for collecting protein components as they emerge from the end of an electrophoretic column.
Increasing the likelihood value by adding constraints

Abstract The difference between infinite precision mathematics with which theorems are proven and finite precision mathematics with which computations are performed is often ignored. Taking this difference into account one can demonstrate that adding constraints can improve the computed maximum.
Application of double potential-step chronocoulometry to the study of reactant adsorption. theory

Abstract The theory of a new technique for the study of reactant adsorption is developed. It is shown that a rigorous double-layer correction can be made and that a quantitative determination of the amount of reactant adsorption is possible. By combination of this technique with other methods, such as the drop-extrusion method, for the determination of double-layer charge, it is possible, in some cases, to determine the amounts of both reactant and product adsorbed.
Work in Progress &#8211; The Kolb Learning Model Applied to an Advanced Energy Systems Laboratory

An Advanced Electric Power and Energy Systems Laboratory was offered for the first time at Colorado School of Mines (CSM) during the spring 2005 semester. The pilot course represents an innovative approach to lab instruction. This paper describes the course materials developed to introduce the power flow problem to a group of senior level undergraduate students using the Kolb learning model. The Kolb model is helpful for conceptualizing how people learn and for developing course curriculum that will accommodate the various learning styles. A special feature of this laboratory experience was the utilization of industrial contacts to provide the students with added motivation to learn. Initial feedback from students and industry representatives has been very positive. Based on the success of the pilot program, the course will now become a permanent part of the undergraduate power engineering curriculum at CSM
A Xenopus nodal-related gene that acts in synergy with noggin to induce complete secondary axis and notochord formation

Using a paracrine assay to screen for signaling proteins that could respecify ectodermal tissue, we isolated a Xenopus gene related to the mouse gene nodal, a member of the TGFbeta superfamily. The gene is expressed in three regions in the early Xenopus embryo: first in the gastrula organizer, then in two stripes of cells flanking the posterior notochord in late neurulae, and finally in lateral plate mesoderm restricted to the left side of tailbud-stage embryos. Ectopic expression of the gene induces muscle formation in ectodermal explants and partial secondary axes in whole embryos. Together with noggin, another secreted protein also present in the organizer, it induces notochord formation in ectodermal explants and complete secondary axes in whole embryos. These results suggest that the nodal-related gene may act together with noggin to induce axial pattern during gastrulation and also may play a role in left-right asymmetry generation in the post-gastrula embryo.
Siblings of Children with ASD: Promoting Social Communication

Siblings of children with disabilities have been a focus of research in recent years. Sibling relationships, family quality of life, and incorporation of siblings into intervention have all been ar...
Dipmeter Interpretation of Turbidite-Channel Reservoirs, Delaware Basin, New Mexico: ABSTRACT

Stratigraphic interpretation on high-resolution dipmeter logs can provide important information concerning the morphology and distribution of reservoir sandstones. Stratigraphic dip data were correlated with primary rock properties observed in cores and borehole-log data to define the internal morphology of turbidite-channel sandstones in the Cherry Canyon Formation at Indian Draw field, Eddy County, New Mexico. Characteristic dip patterns allowed the delineation of erosional unconformities, channel sequences, slump faulting, contorted and massive bedding, and sedimentary drape. The erosional unconformity which marks the base of the Indian Draw channel exhibits a characteristic dip pattern consisting of an abrupt change in the trend of dip magnitude and dip azimuth across the unconformity, marked by higher dips (6 to 9°) above the unconformity in the channel-fill, and lower dips (2 to 4°) in the basin-plain sediments below. Slump faults exhibit an abrupt increase in dip with depth over a small interval, and an associated progressive dip azimuth rotation approaching the fault. Contorted beds show a random dip pattern, commonly marked by poor-quality, high-magnitude dips. Massively bedded sandstones lack computed dips and sedimentary drape patterns typically consist of a decrease in dip upward within basinal deposits overlying a sandstone. Detailed mapping of the reservoir sandstones indicates deposition as stacked, laterally discontinuous lenses within a previously eroded channel. Direction of sedimentary drape over sandstone lenses can be used to map their trends. Channel-fill lenses are 5 to 30 ft (1.5 to 9.1 m) thick, and are elongate parallel with depositional dip with a sinuous geometry. Such turbidite-channel deposits can be anticipated to form complex multilayered reservoirs, consisting of a series of isolated sandstone lenses of restricted areal extent. End_of_Article - Last_Page 617------------
Indirect feedback compensation of CMOS op-amps

This paper presents the design of CMOS op-amps using indirect feedback compensation technique. The indirect feedback compensation results in much faster and low power op-amps, significant reduction in the layout size and better power supply noise rejection.
Augmenting UML with fact-orientation

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is more useful for object-oriented code design than conceptual information analysis. Its process-centric use-cases provide an inadequate basis for specifying class diagrams, and its graphical language is incomplete, inconsistent and unnecessarily complex. For example, multiplicity constraints on n-ary associations are problematic, the constraint primitives are weak and unorthogonal, and the graphical language impedes verbalization and multiple instantiation for model validation. This paper shows how to compensate for these defects by augmenting UML with concepts and techniques from the Object Role Modeling (ORM) approach. It exploits data use cases to seed the data model, using verbalization of facts and rules with positive and negative examples to facilitate validation of business rules, and compares rule visualizations in UML and ORM. Three possible approaches are suggested: use ORM for conceptual analysis then map to UML; supplement UML with population diagrams and user-defined constraints; enhance the UML metamodel.
Misidentification and Sire Evaluation

Abstract Biases in evaluation of sires result from misidentified records in the sire group averages used for sire evaluation. The bias increases as the fraction of misidentified cows increases. Use of variance components estimated from misidentified records also contributes to the bias. Estimates of the correlation between estimated and true genetic value, as well as estimates of genetic progress due to selection, are biased when misidentified records are included in sire group averages.
HUNTING BEHAVIOR AND DIET OF COOPER'S HAWKS: AN URBAN VIEW OF THE SMALL-BIRD-IN-WINTER PARADIGM

Abstract We examined the predatory behavior of wintering urban Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii). Eight Cooper's Hawks (7 female, 1 male) were radio-tracked intensively during two winter periods from 1999–2001. We observed 179 attacks, 35 of which were successful, for an overall attack success rate of 20%. We recorded an additional 44 kills resulting from unobserved attacks. European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura), and Rock Doves (Columba livia) made up 95% of the prey attacked and 91% of the diet. Smaller birds (<70 g), such as House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), were numerous in the study area but were rarely attacked. Mammals were not included in the diet. Surprise attacks (initiated at close range, often from behind an obstruction), were more successful than “open” attacks, although the latter were more frequent. In addition, attacks on single individuals were significantly more successful than those on flocks. Nonetheless, many attacks were attempted on large flocks...
A prediction of the longevity of the Lusi mud eruption, Indonesia

Abstract A mud eruption, nicknamed Lusi, began near Sidoarjo, East Java, in May 2006. It has discharged ∼ 10 4 –10 5 m 3 /day of mud ever since. In order to understand the nature of the eruption and its potential longevity, we develop a model for the coupled evolution of the mud source and ascent of mud through a conduit to the surface. The ascent of the mud is driven by overpressure in the mud source and by the exsolution and expansion of dissolved gasses. We assume that erupted fluids originate in the mud source region. Mobilization of the mud is caused by elastic stresses induced by mud evacuation from the subsurface. We perform Monte Carlo simulations to explore model outcomes while perturbing the unknown material properties of the mud and surrounding medium. Using our preferred model, we calculate a 50% chance of the eruption lasting 84 yrs. Eruptions often end with the formation of a caldera, but longer eruptions are less likely to form a caldera. Model predictions can be refined with additional, but currently unavailable constraints: more precise estimates of mud discharge, the yielding behavior of the materials in the subsurface, total gas content in the mud source, and identification of any erupted fluids that do not originate in the mud source.
A note on the Allan Hills A77278 unequilibrated ordinary chondrite

Petrographic measures of disequilibrium in the ALHA 77278 chondrite indicate that this meteorite is more equilibrated than its exceptionally high volatile element contents suggest. Based on its metal compositions, this meteorite should be classified as an LL3 rather than an L3 chondrite.
Endothelial oxidative stress activates the lectin complement pathway: role of cytokeratin 1.

Oxidative stress increases endothelial mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binding and activates the lectin complement pathway (LCP). However, the molecular mechanism of MBL binding to the endothelium after oxidative stress is unknown. Intermediate filaments have been previously reported to activate the classical complement pathway in an antibody-independent manner. We investigated whether oxidative stress increases human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cytokeratin 1 (CK1) expression and activates the LCP via MBL binding to CK1. Reoxygenation (3 hours, 21% O2) of hypoxic HUVECs (24 hours, 1% O2) significantly increased CK1 mRNA (in situ hybridization) and membrane protein expression [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)/confocal microscopy]. Incubating human serum (HS) with N-acetyl-d-glucosamine or anti-human MBL monoclonal antibody attenuated MBL and C3 deposition on purified CK1 (ELISA). CK1 and MBL were co-immunoprecipitated from hypoxic HUVECs reoxygenated in HS. Treatment with anti-human cytokeratin Fab fragments attenuated endothelial MBL and C3 deposition after oxidative stress (ELISA/confocal microscopy). We conclude that: 1) endothelial oxidative stress increases CK1 expression, MBL binding, and C3 deposition; 2) inhibition of MBL attenuates purified CK1-induced complement activation; and 3) anti-human cytokeratin Fab fragments attenuate endothelial MBL and C3 deposition after oxidative stress. These results suggest that MBL binding to endothelial cytokeratins may mediate LCP activation after oxidative stress.
The Effect of Laparoscopic Guidance on Gynecologic Interstitial Brachytherapy

Abstract Study Objective To compare laparoscopic-assisted interstitial brachytherapy (LAIB) with traditional interstitial brachytherapy (TrIB) in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. Design Retrospective review (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). Setting University hospital. Patients A total of 42 women undergoing interstitial brachytherapy for a gynecologic malignancy. Interventions Interstitial brachytherapy by traditional method versus laparoscopic guidance. Measurements and Main Results In all, 42 women underwent interstitial brachytherapy with a mean follow-up of 24 months. In all, 28 patients underwent TrIB and 14 underwent LAIB. The mean operating department time was 177 minutes for LAIB and 91 minutes for TrIB (p Conclusion The LAIB procedure appears safe, but substantially increases operating department time. No significant decrease in late high-grade toxicities were detected in comparison with TrIB. The LAIB procedure allows for both lysis of adhesions and identification of unknown carcinomatosis.
Mechanisms of Morphogenesis: The Embryonic Neural Tube

(1971). Mechanisms of Morphogenesis: The Embryonic Neural Tube. International Journal of Neuroscience: Vol. 2, No. 4-5, pp. 183-197.