cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of a mixed strength and endurance exercise intervention on levels of adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin and leptin in breast cancer survivors

Evidence suggests that exercise affects breast cancer risk and outcomes, but little is known about the mechanisms through which this effect may be mediated. This study examines the impact of exercise upon levels of adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin (HMWA), and leptin in breast cancer survivors. One hundred and one sedentary, overweight breast cancer survivors were randomized to a 16-week exercise intervention or usual care control group. Anthropometric measurements were taken and fasting levels of adiponectin, HMWA and leptin were collected at baseline and 16 weeks. Baseline and week-16 measurements were available for 81 patients. The exercise group experienced a significant decrease in hip measurements, with no change in weight or body composition. There were no significant changes in adiponectin, HMWA, or leptin in either group. Modeling analyses demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between changes in leptin and adiponectin, but no relationship between changes in BMI, waist or hip circumference, or body fat percentage and change in leptin or adiponectin. This study did not demonstrate a significant change in adipocytokine levels in breast cancer survivors participating in an exercise intervention, suggesting that further work is needed to explore the mechanisms through which exercise may impact breast cancer.
How the Nucleus Copes with Proteotoxic Stress

The proper folding of proteins is continuously challenged by intrinsic and extrinsic stresses, and the accumulation of toxic misfolded proteins is associated with many human diseases. Eukaryotic cells have evolved a complex network of protein quality control pathways to protect the proteome, and these pathways are specialized for each subcellular compartment. While many details have been elucidated for how the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum counteract proteotoxic stress, relatively little is known about the pathways protecting the nucleus from protein misfolding. Proper maintenance of nuclear proteostasis has important implications in preserving genomic integrity, as well as for aging and disease. Here, we offer a conceptual framework for how proteostasis is maintained in this organelle. We define the particular requirements that must be considered for the nucleus to manage proteotoxic stress, summarize the known and implicated pathways of nuclear protein quality control, and identify the unresolved questions in the field.
Mass Formula for Kerr Black Holes

A new mass formula for Kerr black holes is deduced, and is constrasted to the mass formula which is obtained by integrating term by term the mass differential and which consists of three terms interpreted, respectively, as the surface energy, rotational energy, and electromagnetic energy of the charged rotating black hole. A comparison is suggested between a rotating black hole and a rotating liquid drop which leads to a speculation that Kerr black holes may develop instabilities.
Intramuscular meptazinol and morphine in postoperative pain

Meptazinol is an agonist-antagonist opioid analgesic believed to be unique in its selectivity for µ1 (high affinity) receptors and its cholinergic activity. Our objectives were to determine the relative analgesic potency of intramuscular meptazinol and morphine and to compare mood and side effects in 102 patients with cancer who have postoperative pain. Meptazinol (50, 100, and 200 mg) and morphine (4, 8, and 16 mg) were given for moderate to severe pain in a double-blind, randomized but balanced, incomplete block design. Serial multiple assessments of pain, relief, mood, and side effects were made. The most precise estimates of relative analgesic potency indicate that meptazinol is equivalent to 10 mg morphine at 120 mg (95% confidence interval 80 to 170 mg) for peak effect and at 175 mg (95% confidence interval 125 to 270 mg) for total effect. Mean (±SE) times to peak effect and to remedication were 0.9 ±0.1 and 3.6 ± 0.2 hours for meptazinol and 1.4 ±0.1 and 4.8 ± 0.4 hours for morphine at equianalgesic peak effects. The percentages of subjects with one or more side effects were 18, 49, and 73 for graded meptazinol doses and 32,49, and 65 for graded morphine doses. Mean numbers of side effects per subject were 0.3, 1.5, and 3.5 for meptazinol and 0.5, 0.7, and 1.7 for morphine. Profiles of side effects differed. Mood improvement and overall satisfaction were dose related and greater for morphine than for meptazinol. Side effects may limit the use of meptazinol in doses that relieve severe postoperative pain. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1985) 37, 589–596; doi:10.1038/clpt.1985.92
A model for solid propellant combustion

A model has been developed to describe the combustion characteristics of composite solid propellants. The model is based on several new concepts. First, the oxidizer and binder have different surface temperatures rather than a single averaged temperature that has previously been assumed. Second, the overall burn rate is calculated from a time averaged approach rather than the conventional space averaging used in most propellant combustion models. A key contribution in the time averaging approach is use of an ignition delay time for the oxidizer. Third, a generalized flame standoff distance has been developed based on a modified Burke-Schumann diffusion flame analysis. The analysis accounts for variable oxidizer/fuel (O/F) ratio that differing oxidizer size fractions can experience. The analysis shows that the primary diffusion flame can extend over either the oxidizer or the fuel depending on the local O/F ratio. Calculated results for a series of HMX composite propellants show several key trends and excellent agreement when compared to experimental data. The propellants vary in oxidizer particle size and concentration over a range of pressures and temperatures. The model indicates that the fuel binder has a more significant influence than previously thought.
Application as Scholarship: A Community Client Experience

A community health nursing experience with a complex aggregate client was developed for B.S.N. completion students at a private university. Working in collaboration with the neighborhood group, a survey based on Spradley's notion of healthy neighborhoods and Cottrell's idea of community competence was developed. Community health nursing students drew a representative sample of neighborhood dwellers and interviewed them to assess their concerns. Data were summarized, inferences drawn, and problems amenable to nursing intervention identified and prioritized. Students presented their findings to the neighborhood group, city service providers, and various volunteer agencies. This experience provided service to the community client, public service for faculty, and an exceptional learning opportunity for students.
Vascular reactivity to phenylephrine and angiotensin II: comparison of direct venous and systemic vascular responses.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between peripheral venous responsiveness (use of the dorsal hand vein compliance technique) and systemic vascular responsiveness (measurement of blood pressure changes) to phenylephrine and angiotensin II in humans. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.70, p < 0.02) between the dose causing a 20 mm increase in mean arterial pressure and the dose producing half-maximal response in the hand vein (log ED50) for phenylephrine but not for angiotensin II. There was no correlation between the systemic responses to angiotensin II and phenylephrine, but there was a significant correlation (r = 0.70, p < 0.02) between the log ED50 measurements for phenylephrine and angiotensin II in the hand vein experiments. These findings suggest that systemic and hand vein responsiveness to phenylephrine are similar. Consequently, in evaluating a-adrenergic receptor mediated responses, the dorsal hand vein compliance approach offers a satisfactory alternative to the use of systemic hemodynamic changes. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1992) 51, 68–75; doi:10.1038/clpt.1992.9
Hemidesmosome protein dynamics in live epithelial cells.

Hemidesmosomes mediate stable anchorage of epithelial cells to laminin-5 in the basement membrane zone and have been likened to spot-welds. Indeed, it has been assumed that hemidesmosomes are not dynamic, at least when compared to other matrix adhesion sites including focal contacts. We tested this notion by monitoring the fate of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged human integrin beta4 subunit (GFP-hbeta4) and GFP-tagged 180-kD human bullous pemphigoid (BP) autoantigen (GFP-BP180) in live cultures of 804G cells that assemble numerous mature hemidesmosomes. In subconfluent 804G cells, both GFP-hbeta4 and GFP-BP180 protein clusters are not stable but assemble into and disassemble out of cat paw-like arrays at a relatively rapid rate. In confluent populations of 804G cells, although some cat paw-like clusters of both GFP-hbeta4 and GFP-BP180 are stable over periods of >60 min, other GFP-hbeta4 and GFP-BP180 protein arrays form and/or disappear during the same time period. Moreover, individual labeled particles show considerable motility in the plane of the membrane. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analyses provide a further indication of the dynamics of hemidesmosome proteins. In particular, bleached GFP-hbeta4 protein clusters in confluent cells recover signal within about 30 min, indicating that there is a relatively rapid turnover of hemidesmosome components in protein arrays clustered along the substratum attached surface of a cell. The rate of recovery is dependent on an intact microfilament system. In sharp contrast, bleached GFP-BP180 protein clusters in confluent cells fail to recover signal even when observed for longer than 60 min. To evaluate hemidesmosome protein dynamics in motile cells, we monitored GFP-hbeta4 and GFP-BP180 in 804G cells populating scrape wound sites in vitro. In these migratory cells, which lack mature hemidesmosomes, integrin beta4 subunit and BP180 protein clusters progressively assemble and disassemble into linear and cat-paw arrays. In summary, hemidesmosome protein clusters, like their counterparts in focal contacts, are dynamic. We discuss these results in relation to hemidesmosome functions.
PTEN signaling in brain: neuropathology and tumorigenesis

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor that antagonizes the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR pathway by functioning as a lipid phosphatase. This ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade influences numerous functions including cell growth, survival, proliferation, migration and metabolism. Inherited mutations in PTEN cause pleiotropic effects including cancer predisposition as well as a range of neurological abnormalities revealing specialized roles for PTEN in nervous system development and maintenance. Somatic mutations in PTEN occur frequently as late events in sporadic brain tumors. Mouse models based on Pten deletion in the brain have provided insights into the normal functions of Pten in the nervous system as well as the initiation and progression of gliomas. Compromised PTEN function may contribute to gliomagenesis through disrupted regulation of proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, stem cell self-renewal and regulation of other tumor suppressor pathways such as p53. Clinical findings in high-grade glioma suggest that PTEN gene alterations are associated with poor prognosis and may influence response to specific therapies. Emerging research using specific pharmacological inhibitors of the PI3K pathway may provide novel therapeutic options for the treatment of PTEN-deficient tumors.
Deterministic Controllers for a Class of Mismatched Systems

In this paper a class of nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems, which do not satisfy the matching conditions, is considered. This class of mismatched systems is more general than one considered earlier. A sufficient condition, in terms of a critical mismatch threshold, is given, which ensures uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness. The theory is illustrated by an example of controlled aircraft take-off under windshear conditions
Serum 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) concentrations after bath water delivery of 8-MOP plus UVA.

The percutaneous absorption of 8-methoxypsoralen in patients with psoriasis during bath water delivery of 8-MOP plus UVA was determined by a reverse high-performance liquid chromatographic method.
Cyclobutadieneiron tricarbonyl carboxylic acids: Synthesis and acidity

Abstract Two carboxylic acid derivatives of the cyclobutadieneiron tricarbonyl (I) system have been synthesized and their p K a values determined. It appears that I tends to be electron withdrawing by induction and electron releasing by resonance.
Maximizing microbial perchlorate degradation using a genetic algorithm: consortia optimization

Microorganisms in consortia perform many tasks more effectively than individual organisms and in addition grow more rapidly and in greater abundance. In this work, experimental datasets were assembled consisting of all possible selected combinations of perchlorate reducing strains of microorganisms and their perchlorate degradation rates were evaluated. A genetic algorithm (GA) methodology was successfully applied to define sets of microbial strains to achieve maximum rates of perchlorate degradation. Over the course of twenty generations of optimization using a GA, we saw a statistically significant 2.06 and 4.08-fold increase in average perchlorate degradation rates by consortia constructed using solely the perchlorate reducing bacteria (PRB) and by consortia consisting of PRB and accompanying organisms that did not degrade perchlorate, respectively. The comparison of kinetic rates constant in two types of microbial consortia additionally showed marked increases.
High level of oxygen treatment causes cardiotoxicity with arrhythmias and redox modulation

Hyperoxia exposure in mice leads to cardiac hypertrophy and voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel remodeling. Because redox balance of pyridine nucleotides affects Kv function and hyperoxia alters cellular redox potential, we hypothesized that hyperoxia exposure leads to cardiac ion channel disturbances and redox changes resulting in arrhythmias. In the present study, we investigated the electrical changes and redox abnormalities caused by 72h hyperoxia treatment in mice. Cardiac repolarization changes were assessed by acquiring electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac action potentials (AP). Biochemical assays were employed to identify the pyridine nucleotide changes, Kv1.5 expression and myocardial injury. Hyperoxia treatment caused marked bradycardia, arrhythmia and significantly prolonged (ms) the, RR (186.2 ± 10.7 vs. 146.4 ± 6.2), PR (46.8 ± 3.1 vs. 39.3 ± 1.6), QRS (10.8 ± 0.6 vs. 8.5 ± 0.2), QTc (57.1 ± 3.5 vs. 40 ± 1.4) and JT (13.4 ± 2.1 vs. 7.0 ± 0.5) intervals, when compared with normoxia group. Hyperoxia treatment also induced significant increase in cardiac action potential duration (APD) (ex-APD90; 73.8 ± 9.5 vs. 50.9 ± 3.1 ms) and elevated levels of serum markers of myocardial injury; cardiac troponin I (TnI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Hyperoxia exposure altered cardiac levels of mRNA/protein expression of; Kv1.5, Kvβ subunits and SiRT1, and increased ratios of reduced pyridine nucleotides (NADH/NAD & NADPH/NADP). Inhibition of SiRT1 in H9C2 cells using Splitomicin resulted in decreased SiRT1 and Kv1.5 expression, suggesting that SiRT1 may mediate Kv1.5 downregulation. In conclusion, the cardiotoxic effects of hyperoxia exposure involve ion channel disturbances and redox changes resulting in arrhythmias.
The effects of associative strength and two types of language-habit “priming” on transfer of training

Paired-associate (PA) transfer was studied under conditions where the interference effects from List 1 were pre-experimental language habits of either high or low associative strength. Subjects assigned to PA treatments received 10 trials of PA practice involving strongly or weakly associated pairs and then learned a List 2 involving identical stimuli and unrelated (number) responses. Different groups of Ss (Fam treatments) received 10 free recall trials on List 1 “B” responses and then learned the above List 2 where again the stimuli were strongly or weakly associated to the “B” responses on List 1. Parallel degrees of negative transfer occurred under the PA treatments independently of List 1 associative strength. However, negative transfer varied directly with associative strength under the Fam treatments. This result provided evidence for the covert elicitation of pre-experimental language associates during free recall learning.
A split-damper inertially coupled passive gravity-gradient attitude control system.

Attitude errors of inertially coupled gravity gradient satellite with solar radiation pressure as dominant disturbance, noting slot problems in stabilized package accommodating damper motion
Crystal structure of a protein repair methyltransferase from Pyrococcus furiosus with its L-isoaspartyl peptide substrate.

Abstract Protein l -isoaspartyl ( d -aspartyl) methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.77) are found in almost all organisms. These enzymes catalyze the S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent methylation of isomerized and racemized aspartyl residues in age-damaged proteins as part of an essential protein repair process. Here, we report crystal structures of the repair methyltransferase at resolutions up to 1.2 A from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Refined structures include binary complexes with the active cofactor AdoMet, its reaction product S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), and adenosine. The enzyme places the methyl-donating cofactor in a deep, electrostatically negative pocket that is shielded from solvent. Across the multiple crystal structures visualized, the presence or absence of the methyl group on the cofactor correlates with a significant conformational change in the enzyme in a loop bordering the active site, suggesting a role for motion in catalysis or cofactor exchange. We also report the structure of a ternary complex of the enzyme with adenosine and the methyl-accepting polypeptide substrate VYP( l -isoAsp)HA at 2.1 A. The substrate binds in a narrow active site cleft with three of its residues in an extended conformation, suggesting that damaged proteins may be locally denatured during the repair process in cells. Manual and computer-based docking studies on different isomers help explain how the enzyme uses steric effects to make the critical distinction between normal l -aspartyl and age-damaged l -isoaspartyl and d -aspartyl residues.
Substance use pathways to methamphetamine use among treated users

Considerable research has focused on patterns of substance use initiation among adolescents and for users of selected drugs; however, few data are available for methamphetamine (MA) users. This study describes substance initiation patterns for 352 MA users and assesses predictors of age of MA initiation and its sequencing. Subjects were randomly selected from treatment admissions in a large California county and interviewed using an extensive natural history protocol. Average age of MA initiation was 19 years. Nearly all (95%) had used alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco (average initiation age 13); inhalants, hallucinogens, and crack were also commonly used earlier in the drug sequence than MA. Earlier age of MA initiation was related to race/ethnicity (being non-African-American), younger age of first use of any substance, more types of early criminal behavior, and initiating MA use for sensation-seeking reasons. Following initiation of alcohol, marijuana, and/or tobacco, 27% initiated MA before other illicit drugs, 18% initiated another illicit drug before MA, and 56% initiated two or more other illicit drugs before MA. Later MA order in the initiation sequence was related to ethnicity (being African-American) and initiating MA to substitute for another drug. Results may support targeted prevention efforts and development of more effective interventions.
Transverse spin relaxation time in organic molecules

We report a measurement of the ensemble-averaged transverse spin relaxation time T 2 in bulk and few molecules of the organic semiconductor tris-8-hydroxyquinolinolato aluminum or Alq3. This system exhibits two characteristic T 2 times: the longer of which is temperature independent and the shorter is temperature dependent, indicating that the latter is most likely limited by spin-phonon interaction. Based on the measured data, we infer that the single-particle T2 time is probably long enough to meet Knill’s criterion for fault-tolerant quantum computing even at room temperature. Alq3 is also an optically active organic, and we propose a simple optical scheme for spin qubit readout. Moreover, we found that the temperature-dependent T 2 time is considerably shorter in bulk Alq3 powder than in few molecules confined in 1–2-nm-sized cavities. Because carriers in organic molecules are localized over individual molecules or atoms but the phonons are delocalized, we believe that this feature is caused by phonon bottleneck effect.
Training, Production, and Channel Separation in ITC's E-Choupal Network

In recent years, I.T.C. Limited (hereafter ITC) developed the “e-Choupals” for the rural areas of India. In this new business model, ITC reaches implicit agreements with some farmers (inside the network) that they can sell the products directly to ITC at the market price in the local market, but allow the farmers, both inside and outside the network, to access valuable information through the e-Choupals. In this study, we investigate ITC's incentive of offering such opportunities, especially to those farmers outside the network, and analyze the farmers’ strategic quantity decisions. We show that the implicit agreement behaves as a formal contract, regardless of the price elasticity of the local market: Once reaching an agreement with ITC, the farmers always give priority to delivering directly to ITC. The e-Choupal network leads naturally to the complete separation of selling channels, provided that ITC's capacity constraint is not tight. Surprisingly, in a variety of scenarios, ITC finds it optimal to provide the best available training to the farmers outside the network. We further show that our results are not prone to potential cheating in the mandi system, the possible exploitation via postponed payments, and the stochastic effects on the market-clearing price.
Studies on prenatal and postnatal development in rats exposed to 60‐Hz electric fields

A series of three experiments was performed to determine the effects of 30-day exposures to uniform 60-Hz electric fields (100 kV/m) on reproduction and on growth and development in the fetuses and offspring of rats. In the first experiment, exposure of females for 6 days prior to and during the mating period did not affect their reproductive performance, and continued exposure through 20 days of gestation (dg) did not affect the viability, size, or morphology of their fetuses. In the second experiment, exposure of the pregnant rat was begun on 0 dg and continued until the resulting offspring reached 8 days of age. In the third experiment, exposure began at 17 dg and continued through 25 days of postnatal life. In the second and third experiments, no statistically significant differences suggesting impairment of the growth or survival of exposed offspring were detected. In the second experiment, a significantly greater percentage of the exposed offspring showed movement, standing, and grooming at 14 days of age than among-sham-exposed offspring. There was a significant decrease at 14 days in the percentage of exposed offspring displaying the righting reflex in the second experiment and negative geotropism in the third experiment. These differences were all transient and were not found when the animals were tested again at 21 days of age. Evaluation of the reproductive integrity of the offspring of the second experiment did not disclose any deficits.
The influence of sex and estrogens on liver kynureninase and kynurenine aminotransferase in the rat

Abstract 1. 1. Kynureninase ( L -kynurenine hydroxylase, EC 3.7.1.3) activity was significant higher in the liver of male rats than in those of females, but there was no sex difference in the activity of hepatic kynurinine aminotransferase ( L -kynurenine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.7). 2. 2. The administration of estradiol benzoate to male rats reduced the activity of hepatic kynureninase to that seen in normal females, but it did not influence the activity of hepatic kynurenine aminotransferase. 3. 3. The activities of kynureninase and of kynurenine aminotransferase in the livers of estradiol-treated female rats did not differ from those of the controls. 4. 4. Although female rats treated with a combination of mestranol and norethynodrel had elevated levels of kynureninase, levels of kynurenine aminotransferase in the liver were normal.
Generating probabilities in support of societal decision‐making

Earth science predictions of natural phenomena are increasingly seen as valuable aids for improving societal decision-making. Pielke et al. [1999] argued presuasively that good predictions alone won't achieve better societal decisions. These authors call for change in the decision-making environments in which scientific predictions are used, though that may be more than those of scientists. We see a role also for changing the information that scientists could better serve socisty by generating not only possible scenarios, but also probabilities, even for decisions that are to be made in the future.
Availability analysis of a N modules parallel system with common memory, central controller and distributed software

Abstract Parallel systems with processing distributed in the various modules are very interesting examples of hardware/software tradeoffs within a complex structure. An example of such a system mode of N modules, has been considered. The implications of a common memory and a central controller are analysed and an availability model is derived. The division of the software task into subtasks is viewed as a source of possible deadlock of the structure. Series catastrophic states due to hard core units and software coupling are included in the availability analysis.
Promoting wellness and recovery for persons with serious mental illness: a program evaluation

This retrospective descriptive correlational study evaluated treatment satisfaction and the quality of life (QOL) of consumers with serious mental illness participating in a community mental health program that combined illness management and recovery strategies with a group appointment model. The Wellness Enhancement and Recovery Program (WERP) was evaluated to determine satisfaction with services and QOL of consumers over 3 years. Findings from the data analyses indicated that consumers in WERP were satisfied with treatment services and had a fair to good QOL. Satisfaction and QOL were moderately correlated.
Work Relations and Cynicism among Prison Guards.

While researchers have recently focused their attention on cynicism as a role characteristic of prison guards, they have tended to view cynicism as a consequence of the organization of prison work and have not examined the attitude as the outcome of interaction with others in the institution. The present research explores the feasibility of this line of explanation. Data for the project were derived from questionnaire responses of 144 guards working in a large-state, maximum-security institution in the midwest. In addition to the questionnaire data, formal interviews were also conducted with a stratified sample of the institution's guards. While numerous findings emerged from the study, the most general showed that as a prison guard's work relations with inmates, fellow officers, and administrators deteriorate, his level of cynicism increases. From this, we conclude the article with a discussion of the theoretical significance and practical importance of all findings presented.
In vivo absorption, scattering, and physiologic properties of 58 malignant breast tumors determined by broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy

Diffuse optical imaging DOI may be a beneficial diagnos- tic method for women with mammographically dense breast tissue. In order to evaluate the utility of DOI, we are developing broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy DOS to characterize the functional ori- gins of optical signals in breast cancer patients. Broadband DOS com- bines multifrequency intensity-modulated and continuous-wave near- infrared light to quantify tissue absorption and scattering spectra from 650 to 1000 nm. Values of intrinsic physiological properties oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, water, lipid, and scatter power derived from absorption and scattering spectra provide detailed information on breast physiology. We present the results of clinical studies of 58 stage II/III malignant breast tumors using a noninvasive, handheld, broad- band DOS probe. On average, eight positions were scanned over tumor and contralateral normal breast for each subject. Intrinsic physiological properties were statistically significantly different for malignant vs. normal tissues for all subjects, without patient age or tumor size/type stratification. Breast tissues containing malignant tu- mors displayed reduced lipid content 20% and increased water, deoxy-, and oxy-hemoglobin 50% each compared to normal breast tissues. Functional perturbations by the tumor were signifi- cantly larger than functional variations in normal tissues. A tissue op- tical index TOI derived from intrinsic physiological properties yielded an average two-fold contrast difference between malignant tumors and intrinsic tissue properties. Our results demonstrate that intrinsic optical signals can be influenced by functional perturbations characteristic of malignant transformation; cellular metabolism, extra- cellular matrix composition, and angiogenesis. Our findings further underscore the importance of broadband measurements and patient age stratification in breast cancer DOI. © 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instru-
Sensing design issues in deep submicron CMOS SRAMs

In this paper, solutions to memory design issues in nanometer CMOS are presented. First, a comparative study between various sense-amplifiers is presented in 70nm CMOS technology. Impact of process variation is studied on the performance of these sense-amplifiers. An improved bit-line leakage compensation scheme is proposed to ensure proper sensing in presence of leakage. Performance benefit of up to 68% can be obtained using this technique.
MEASUREMENT OF THE TRANSVERSE DOPPLER EFFECT IN AN ACCELERATED SYSTEM

Using an ultracentrifuge rotor, the shift of the 14.4-keV M\"ossbauer absorption line of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ in a rotating system was measured as a function of the angular velocity $\ensuremath{\omega}$. An ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ absorber was placed at a radius of 9.3 cm from the axis of the rotor. A ${\mathrm{Co}}^{57}$ source was mounted on a piezoelectric transducer at the center of the rotor. By applying a triangularly varying voltage to the transducer, the source could be moved relative to the absorber. This arrangement makes possible the observation of the entire resonance line at various values of $\ensuremath{\omega}$. The measured transverse Doppler shift agrees within an experimental error of 1.1% with the predictions of the theory of relativity. Possible sources of systematic errors are discussed.
Graph-Based Partial Hypothesis Fusion for Pen-Aided Speech Input

We study a specific partial hypothesis fusion problem in sequential data labeling. The problem arises in the multimodal applications where a decision is made by merging complete hypothesis from one input and partial hypothesis from the other. For example, in a pen-aided speech interface, appropriate pen input can provide partial but crucial information. We address the problem in a Bayesian framework, and reformulate the solution as a revised search in a representation. A dynamic programming algorithm is proposed to efficiently solve the partial hypothesis fusion via the graph. It is shown that the computational cost of the graph based partial hypothesis fusion is proportional to the size of the graph, which is highly feasible for a given compact graph. We apply the proposed algorithm to two real applications: an intelligent pen-based dictation error correction system and an automatic handwritten character completion with a speech ldquoshortcutrdquo. Experimental results show that the algorithm is effective in utilizing the partial information from one modality to enhance the bimodal interface performance.
The evidence mounts on the benefits of preventing unintended pregnancy

Preventing unplanned pregnancies and enabling women and couples to time their childbearing are central public health goals. Exercising this control is a goal of most individuals and has substantial benefits for the health of women and their children. Yet unplanned pregnancy also has societal-level connections to everything from basic demographic patterns to women’s educational attainment to families’ economic well-being. Among the best-studied societal impacts are the health care costs from unintended pregnancy that are borne by public and private payers. Three articles in the current issue of Contraception build on the existing literature and provide a roadmap to reducing these individual and societal burdens.
Potential Impacts of the Video Telephone

The current status of video telephone technology is reviewed briefly, and the form of the video telephone of the future is projected. Likely impacts of these future devices are then described and assessed. The impacts considered are: influences on personal behavior; delivery of medical care; increased communication among the deaf; expanded educational opportunities; changes in the structure of organizations; limited substitution of communications for travel, short and long distance; economy of scale in transmission facilities; competition for investment capital; effect on balance of payments; and near outlooks in utility regulation.
Hippocampal function in cognition.

Rationale and objectives Any consideration of cognitive disruption in schizophrenia quite naturally leads to questions concerning the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying normal cognition. This review will describe emerging models for the cellular basis of cognitive processing in the hippocampus.
A new therapeutic basis for treating Li-Fraumeni Syndrome breast tumors expressing mutated TP53

Received: September 15, 2010 , Accepted: October 15, 2010 , Published: October 17, 2010 //
Abstract 645: Heparin’s Effects on Vascular Cells Require Transmembrane Receptor 184A

Introduction: Though heparin has been used in the clinic for decades, molecular mechanism(s) underlying heparin’s functions independent of anti-coagulation are still unclear. Transmembrane protein 184A (TMEM184A) is conserved, yet its physiological and molecular functions remain unknown. There are few studies reporting its expression and potential role in membrane trafficking in exocrine cells, and involvement in signaling during male germ cell differentiation. Sequence analysis reveals that the C terminal domain includes a putative binding site for heparin. We have previously shown that heparin decreases proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by inducing expression of MKP-1 that decreases Elk-1 and ERK activation. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that TMEM184A plays a role in mediating heparin effects in vascular cells. Methods and Results: We observed TMEM184A expression in vascular cells through immunofluorescence and western blotting using three primary antibodies against different regions in TMEM184A, and visualized cells with confocal microscopy. To investigate whether heparin effects were dependent on TMEM184A, VSMCs were electroporated with 20 μg/ml control or TMEM184A shRNA. Control and knockdown VSMCs were treated with 200 μg/ml heparin for 20 min followed by 2 μg/ml platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Activated ERK or Elk-1 in the nucleus was compared to untreated controls or cells treated with PDGF alone. Quantitative immunofluorescence of over 100 cells for each treatment from at least three independent experiments showed that heparin treatment prior to 20 min PDGF stimulation significantly decreased active ERK by nearly 50% in control shRNA cells compared to cells treated with PDGF alone (20 min PDGF = 100.0% ± 3.76%, heparin pre-treatment = 55.5% ± 2.20%; p Conclusions: Our results provide functional evidence that heparin signaling in VSMCs is mediated at least in part by TMEM184A.
Main-chain viologen polymers with organic counterions exhibiting thermotropic liquid-crystalline and fluorescent properties*

A series of viologen polymers with bromide, tosylate, and triflimide as counterions were prepared by either the Menshutkin reaction or metathesis reaction in a common organic solvent. Their polyelectrolyte behavior in methanol was determined by solution viscosity measurements, and their chemical structures were determined by Fourier transform infrared and Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy. They were characterized for their thermotropic liquid-crystalline properties with a number of experimental techniques. Each of the viologen polymers with organic counterions had a low melting transition or fusion temperature above which it formed either a high-order smectic phase or a low-order smectic phase. Each of them also exhibited a smectic-to-isotropic transition. The ranges of the liquid-crystalline phase were 80–88 °C for viologen polymers with tosylate as a counterion and 120–146 °C for viologen polymers with triflimide as a counterion. They had excellent thermal stability. The ranges of thermal stability were 288–329 °C for viologen polymers with tosylate as a counterion and 343–350 °C for viologen polymers with triflimide as a counterion. The fluorescence property for all of the viologen polymers in either aqueous or methanol solution was also included in this study. For example, the viologen polymer containing the 4,4′-bipyridinium and p-xylyl units along the backbone of the polymer chain with triflimide as a counterion had an absorption spectrum (λmax = 265 nm), an excitation spectrum (λex values = 357, 443, and 454 with monitoring at 533 nm), and an emission spectrum (λem = 536 nm with excitation at 430 and 450 nm) in methanol. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 659–674, 2002; DOI 10.1002/pola.10134
"Sound" alternatives to visual graphics for exploratory data analysis

Efficient exploratory data analysis (EDA) may be aided by succinct, but informative, graphical representations (e.g., Tukey plots) that convey information about central tendency, variability, and shape of distributions, and that permit detection of outliers. Using research strategies adapted from studies of cross-modal perceptual equivalence, we show how auditory analogies of such displays may offer an effective alternative to visual plots for EDA.
The Mechanism of Velocity Modulated Allosteric Regulation in −3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS OF EFFECTOR BINDING SITE RESIDUES

-3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (EC) from Escherichia coli catalyzes the first committed step in serine biosynthesis and is allosterically regulated by -serine, the end product of the pathway. Each subunit of the homotetramer is made up of three distinct domains with one of the intersubunit contacts being between adjacent regulatory domains. Each regulatory domain interface contains two symmetrical serine binding sites such that serine forms hydrogen bonds to both domains across the interface. Previous work (Al-Rabiee, R., Lee, E. J., and Grant, G. A. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 13013-13017) demonstrated that when adjacent regulatory domains are covalently linked to one another by engineered disulfide bonds, the enzyme was inactivated. Breaking the disulfide bonds by reduction restored enzymatic activity. This study demonstrates that the complementary situation is also true. Site-directed mutagenesis of three residues at the effector binding site, His344, Asn346, and Asn364′, render the enzyme increasingly less susceptible to inhibition by the effector. When mutations result in a situation where it is no longer possible to establish a stable hydrogen bonding network across the regulatory domain interface, the inhibitory capacity of the effector is lost. Furthermore, mutations that produce as much as 5 orders of magnitude decrease in the ability of -serine to inhibit the enzyme have no appreciable effect on the Km or kcat of the enzyme. These observations support the model that predicts that catalytic activity in −3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase is regulated by the movement of adjacent regulatory domains about a flexible hinge and that effector binding tethers the regulatory domains together producing a state that results in a stable, open active site cleft that is no longer able to promote catalysis.
Management Teams: The Case for Balancing or Unbalancing

Team formation has emphasized a balanced approach to team member composition in order to insure that required knowledge was not missing from the teams. However, with significant knowledge gaps among team members, the existence of a strong knowledge leader amongst a novice group can impact team success over more balanced teams. This research measures team formation based on a balance of prior domain knowledge and team communication skills. Team success is measured by the results from a simulated business environment in which teams compete based on their knowledge of a cash-to-cash manufacturing market cycle. Results indicate that a strong knowledge leader with strong communication skills in a relatively novice group can be more effective than a team assembled with a more balanced knowledge base.
Overlay Fault Diagnosis Based on Evidential Reasoning

The attractive characteristics of overlay networks bring to overlay fault diagnosis new challenges, which include inaccessible underlying network information, incomplete and inaccurate network status observations, dynamic symptom-fault causality relationship, and multi-layer complexity. To address these challenges, we propose a novel evidential reasoning based overlay fault diagnosis technique called ERD. Firstly, by analyzing end-user observed network symptoms, ERD narrows down suspicious components, and investigates their status (i.e., good or bad) with likelihood measurement and uncertainty evaluation using a novel evidence-driven belief function. Next, ERD adapts to the changes in highly dynamic overlay networks by dynamically constructing plausible fault diagnosis graph based on belief evaluation. Finally, ERD conducts plausible fault reasoning to locate the root causes of observed network symptoms.
Mining closed and maximal frequent subtrees from databases of labeled rooted trees

Tree structures are used extensively in domains such as computational biology, pattern recognition, XML databases, computer networks, and so on. One important problem in mining databases of trees is to find frequently occurring subtrees. Because of the combinatorial explosion, the number of frequent subtrees usually grows exponentially with the size of frequent subtrees and, therefore, mining all frequent subtrees becomes infeasible for large tree sizes. We present CMTreeMiner, a computationally efficient algorithm that discovers only closed and maximal frequent subtrees in a database of labeled rooted trees, where the rooted trees can be either ordered or unordered. The algorithm mines both closed and maximal frequent subtrees by traversing an enumeration tree that systematically enumerates all frequent subtrees. Several techniques are proposed to prune the branches of the enumeration tree that do not correspond to closed or maximal frequent subtrees. Heuristic techniques are used to arrange the order of computation so that relatively expensive computation is avoided as much as possible. We study the performance of our algorithm through extensive experiments, using both synthetic data and data sets from real applications. The experimental results show that our algorithm is very efficient in reducing the search space and quickly discovers all closed and maximal frequent subtrees.
Study of lithium defects in lithium phosphate and in the interface with metallic Li

Using first-principles calculations, we investigate lithium vacancy and interstitial defects in lithium phosphate (γ-Li3PO4) and in its interface with metallic Li. We find that γ-Li3PO4 is good electronic insulator with a wide band gap of 6 eV. The calculated formation energies of Li vacancies are higher than those of Li interstitials, which indicate that the ionic conductivity is determined by the migration of Li interstitial defects in bulk electrolyte. The Li vacancy-interstitial pair defect formation energy in the Li/γ-Li3PO4 interface is comparable to the sum of Li vacancy defect at the electrode and Li ion interstitial defect in the electrolyte. Our calculation indicates that the low ionic conductivity of Li/electrolyte interface is associated with the high Li ion defect formation energy. Our study provides some useful insights on Li defect formation and migration mechanisms at the electrode-electrolyte interface and, hence, a research direction for designing future Li-ion batteries.
A dynamic and reliability-driven scheduling algorithm for parallel real-time jobs executing on heterogeneous clusters

In this paper, a heuristic dynamic scheduling scheme for parallel real-time jobs executing on a heterogeneous cluster is presented. In our system model, parallel real-time jobs, which are modeled by directed acyclic graphs, arrive at a heterogeneous cluster following a Poisson process. A job is said to be feasible if all its tasks meet their respective deadlines. The scheduling algorithm proposed in this paper takes reliability measures into account, thereby enhancing the reliability of heterogeneous clusters without any additional hardware cost. To make scheduling results more realistic and precise, we incorporate scheduling and dispatching times into the proposed scheduling approach. An admission control mechanism is in place so that parallel real-time jobs whose deadlines cannot be guaranteed are rejected by the system. For experimental performance study, we have considered a real world application as well as synthetic workloads. Simulation results show that compared with existing scheduling algorithms in the literature, our scheduling algorithm reduces reliability cost by up to 71.4% (with an average of 63.7%) while improving schedulability over a spectrum of workload and system parameters. Furthermore, results suggest that shortening scheduling times leads to a higher guarantee ratio. Hence, if parallel scheduling algorithms are applied to shorten scheduling times, the performance of heterogeneous clusters will be further enhanced.