cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of producing butanol from industrial starchy food wastes.

Abstract To evaluate the feasibility of using industrial starchy food wastes as alternative feedstocks for fermentative production of butanol, 34 different food waste samples were obtained from 10 major Ohio food manufacturing companies. Of the food waste samples, 8 were characterized for acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) production. The food waste samples were characterized for moisture, total solids, ash, nitrogen, total organic carbon (TOC), pH, calorific value, minerals and starch content. Results showed that the pH of inedible dough and breadings was in the acceptable substrate pH range (pH 6.2–7.4) for culturing solventogenic Clostridium species, whereas the pH of batter liquid was 4.5, hence, adjusted to pH 6.5 with NH4OH prior to fermentation. Further, batch fermentations by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 using inedible dough, breadings, and batter liquid as substrates generated the following maximum ABE concentrations: 14.4, 14.8 and 15.1 g/L ABE, respectively, which is comparable to the glucose control. Besides, the ABE yield from inedible dough and batter liquid was over 2% better than that of the glucose control. Collectively, these results demonstrate that industrial starchy food waste is a viable alternative substrate for butanol production.
Laser damage of HR, AR-coatings, monolayers, and bare surfaces at 1064 nm

Laser induced damage thresholds and morphologies were investigated in a variety of uncoated and coated surfaces, including monolayers and multi-layers of different chemical compositions. Both antireflective (AR) and highly reflective (HR) were tested. Testing was done at 1064 nm with 25 picosecond and 8 nanosecond YAG/Nd laser single pulses. Spot diameter in the experiments varied from 0.09 to 0.22 mm. The laser damage measurement procedure consisted of 1-on-1 (single laser pulse in the selected site) and N-on-1 experiments including repeated irradiation by pulses of the same fluence and subsequently raised from pulse to pulse fluence until damage occurred. The highest picosecond damage thresholds of commercially available coatings averaged 12 - 14 J/sq cm, 50 percent less than thresholds obtained in bare fused silica. Some coatings and bare surfaces revealed a palpable preconditioning effect (an increase in threshold of 1.2 to 1.8 times). Picosecond and nanosecond data were compared to draw conclusions about pulse width dependence. An attempt was made to classify damage morphologies according to the type of coating, class of irradiating, and damage level.
Correlates of Couples’ Perceived Similarity at the Initiation Stage and Currently

Although prior research (Montoya, Horton, & Kirchner, 2008) has indicated that perceived similarity is more important than actual similarity as a predictor of satisfaction and attraction, there is a lack of research on factors associated with couples’ perceptions of similarity in their relationship. In the present study, a sample of couples (both partners) provided ratings of the degree to which they perceived similarity in six areas (background characteristics, attitudes and beliefs, leisure pursuits and interests, communication style, personality, and physical attributes) for two stages in their relationship: currently and at the initiation stage (viewed retrospectively). The couples perceived greater similarity for the current stage of their relationship than for the beginning stage of their relationship. Factors found to be associated with perceived similarity included positive social network reactions, overlap in social networks (predictor of current perceived similarity only), perceived compatibility, and satisfaction and commitment (examined only for current perceived similarity). Of the various types of perceived similarity considered in this study, similarity in attitudes and beliefs was most consistently associated with the various predictor variables. Implications of these results for enhancing couple relationships are discussed.
Retinal Detachment Following Phacoemulsification

In a consecutive series of 1,500 eyes in which phacoemulsification had been performed, the incidence of subsequent retinal detachment was 3.6%. Vitreous loss occurred in 4.2% (63) of the 1,500 cases, and in this group of eyes the incidence of retinal detachment was 14% (9). The characteristics of retinal breaks and the configurations of retinal detachments following phacoemulsification were in general similar to cases following intracapsular surgery. The surgical reattachment rates in these eyes compared favorably to previous reports on the repair of retinal detachments.
Microsurgical anatomy of the optic canal: correlates to optic nerve exposure

Abstract A new technique for exposure of the optic canal is described. The optic canal region is mapped and measurements under magnification of the anatomic landmarks are made. Magnification will enhance and facilitate exposure and increase the safety during exposure of the optic nerve. This is a preliminary report of our work and we hope to be ready for the appropriate clinical situation, when it arises, to apply our knowledge which is based on this report. This syndrome is rare and any achievements gained will help the patient with such a devastating clinical problem.
Application of Seawinds Scatterometer and Tmi-Ssm/I Rain Rates to Hurricane Analysis and Forecasting

Results provided by two different assimilation methodologies involving data from passive and active space-borne microwave instruments are presented. The impact of the precipitation estimates produced by the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) in a previously developed 1D variational continuous assimilation algorithm for assimilating tropical rainfall is shown on two hurricane cases. Results on the impact of the SeaWinds scatterometer on the intensity and track forecast of a mid-Atlantic hurricane are also presented. This work is the outcome of a collaborative effort between NASA and NOAA and indicates the substantial improvement in tropical cyclone forecasting that can result from the assimilation of space-based data in global atmospheric models.
Chronic Bronchitis Is Associated With Worse Symptoms and Quality of Life Than Chronic Airflow Obstruction.

BACKGROUND COPD includes the chronic bronchitis (CB) and emphysema phenotypes. Although it is generally assumed that emphysema or chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) is associated with worse quality of life (QOL) than is CB, this assumption has not been tested. METHODS The current study's analyses from the Lovelace Smokers' Cohort (LSC) were validated in the COPD Gene Cohort (COPDGene). CB without CAO (CB only) was defined as self-reported cough productive of phlegm for ≥ 3 mo/y for 2 consecutive years and postbronchodilator FEV 1 /FVC ≥ 70%. CAO without CB (CAO only) was defined as a postbronchodilator FEV 1 /FVC 1 . RESULTS Smokers with CB without CAO (LSC = 341; COPDGene=523) were younger and had a greater BMI and less smoking exposure than did those with CAO only (LSC = 302; COPDGene=2,208). Compared with the latter group, QOL scores were worse for those with CB only. Despite similar SGRQ Activity and SF-36 Role Physical and Physical Functioning, SGRQ Symptoms and Impact scores and SF-36 emotional and social measures were worse in the CB-only group, in both cohorts. After adjustment for covariates, the CB-only group remained a significant predictor for "worse" symptoms and emotional and social measures. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this analysis is the first to suggest that among subjects with COPD, those with CB only present worse QOL symptoms and mental well-being than do those with CAO only.
Why Does the Gastric Bypass Control Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The remarkable control of diabetes by the gastric bypass remains to be explained. Although it may be totally due to the weight loss induced by the operation, it is likely that the detour of the hormonally active foregut plays a role as well. This keynote address explores the pathophysiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and reviews the data which support the thesis that the gastric antrum, duodenum, and proximal jejunum modulate glucose metabolism and insulin action.
Discriminant validity of the symptoms constituting the DSM-III-R and DSM-IV associated symptom criterion of generalized anxiety disorder☆

The associated (somatic) symptom criterion for DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) requires at least 3 of a list of 6 symptoms that previously resided in the Motor Tension (MT) and Vigilance and Scanning (VS) clusters of DSM-III-R. The decision to retain these six symptoms while eliminating all symptoms from the Autonomic Hyperactivity (AH) cluster, was made with limited data on discriminant validity and classification accuracy of the proposed DSM-IV associated symptom criterion. The present study examined this issue in a large sample (N = 390) of patients with a DSM-III-R anxiety or mood disorder, all of whom were administered the GAD associated symptom ratings from the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Revised. Scores from the MT, VS, and DSM-IV symptom clusters correlated more strongly (ps < .05) with measure of GAD (e.g., Penn State Worry Questionnaire) than did AH scores. Analyses that differentiated patients with GAD from other anxiety disorder groups produced the largest effect sizes using MT, VS, and DSM-IV cluster scores; GAD differed from mood disorders only on scores from the AH cluster. Whereas 98.6% of patients with GAD met the “3 of 6 symptoms” criterion proposed in DSM-IV, a large percentage of patients with other diagnoses met this criterion also (range = 35.3% to 92.9%). Raising the criterion to require four or more symptoms increased specificity without adversely affecting sensitivity. Implications for conceptual models of GAD are considered.
Low temperature specific heat of propylene glycol

The specific heat of propylene glycol has been measured at temperatures from 0.1 K to 6 K. The magnitude and the temperature dependence of the specific heat are similar to that found in other fragile glasses.
Visual discrimination learning in normal and tectal-ablated nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum)

Abstract 1. 1. Normal juvenile nurse sharks are capable of learning both a black vs. white and horizontal vs. vertical black and white stripes discrimination. 2. 2. During the course of learning such visual discriminations, the sharks manifested some of the stereotyped behavioral patterns seen in more complex animal species such as position preference and vicarious trial and error. 3. 3. A shark with extensive damage to the optic tectum was able to learn the same visual discrimination within the normal range of trials to criterion. 4. 4. General early postoperative observations indicate that learning by the tectal shark may represent some type of recovery of visual function.
A technique for function block counting

Abstract A systematic approach to the estimation of software size early in the development cycle can pay valuable dividends for project planning and management. This paper reports the successful application of a method which combined function block (FB) counting with structured analysis, used linear regression analysis to convert FB counts to function points (FPs), and employed statistical measures of variation to create probability ranges for the estimates. A simple regression model provided significant predictive capability when the model parameters were tuned for the development domain and specific project.
Gradient-like and integrable vector fields on ℝ 2

Recently, the authors have obtained criteria for the integral curves of a nonsingular smooth vector field X on a smooth manifold M to be timelike, null or spacelike geodesics for some Lorentzian metric g for M. In this paper, we show that for smoothly contractible subsets S of ℝ2 null geodesibility of a vector field X is equivalent to X being preHamiltonian on S and timelike, spacelike or Riemannian pregeodesibility of X are all equivalent to X being gradient-like. It turns out that null geodesibility is quite rare as we prove that even among real analytic vector fields on S there are many open sets of vector fields which fail to be preHamiltonian.
Correlation of vapor-liquid equilibrium ratio of hydrogen

In this work the correlation of vapor-liquid equilibrium ratio of hydrogen in the Chao-Seader correlation is updated with the use of new experimental data that have appeared in the intervening years. The correlation is extended in the direction of high temperature where much new data have been reported over a wide pressure range. The hydrogen correlation in the Chao-Seader correlation was based on experimental data in the temperature range of approximately 200--530 K that was the full extent of available data at the time. Grayson and Streed (1963) extended the hydrogen correlation to higher temperature using proprietary data on oil fractions. Since then a great deal of experimental investigation has been performed to determine the solubility of hydrogen at temperatures up to 730 K and pressure up to 25 MPa. Sebastian and coworkers (1981) developed a correlation for the solubility of hydrogen based on the expanded database. In this work the authors develop a new equation for the standard state liquid fugacity of hydrogen based on the expanded current database. The new equation will be useful to replace the equation for v of hydrogen in the Chao-Seader correlation that is found in process design software packages.
High-sensitivity, multi-rate, multi-band OLT receiver for hybrid 1G / 10G passive optical networks

An OLT receiver that includes a semiconductor optical amplifier, a ldquosoftrdquo optical filter and a PIN photodiode has significantly higher sensitivity, and lower complexity than avalanche photodiode-based OLT receivers.
Unlinked cluster and relativistic contributions to the bonding in Cu2

The potential energy function of Cu2 has been calculated from highly correlated wavefunctions. It is found that relativistic and unlinked cluster effects are of utmost importance for a quantitative description of the bond. The calculated equilibrium distance and vibrational frequency are in excellent agreement with experimental data.
The estuarine clamRangia cuneata as a biomonitor of dioxins and furans in the Neches River, Taylor Bayou, and Fence Lake, Texas

Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were measured in the tissues of the estuarine clamRangia cuneata at four sites in the Neches River that had been subjected to paper mill effluent and at two remote sites. One of the river samplings was taken before dioxin control measures and another 2 yr after the control measures began. Measurable concentrations of PCDD/Fs were present at all sites, but higher concentrations were present at the Neches River sites. Whole tissue concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) and all PCDD congeners for the two collections were not significantly different (p>0.05), but lipid-normalized concentrations for the two collections were significantly different (p<0.05). Highest concentrations of PCDDs at sites located 8 km and 16 km upriver from the paper mill effluent outfall indicated that the materials were transported upriver by saltwater intrusion and/or that nonpoint sources existed upriver. The presences of PCDD/Fs in clam tissues from the remote sites also indicated that other sources of these materials existed. Even under extreme physiological conditions (spent reproductive phase, low lipid contents, water temperature 10°C; ripe reproductive phase, high lipids, water temperature 32°C)Rangia cuneata was an effective biomonitor to determine the distribution of PCDD/Fs at specific sites. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY069 00021
Child Care Services in the Labourforce Participation and Income Distribution of Working Mothers in the US

Some evidence for the nexus of child care services, labour force participation, fertility, and family income inequality of working mothers in the US is presented in a cause‐effect framework. Based on sample data of 100 SMSAs in 1980, the study finds that the provision of child care services not only increases the labour force participation of working mothers, but it also results in a more equal family income distribution. Its policy implication is that the provision of child care services at an affordable cost and the restructuring of the occupational distribution of women from low paying to higher paying jobs, especially of female‐headed households, may significantly improve the economic welfare of the working poor and their children.
Efficient Algorithms for Detecting Genetic Interactions in Genome-Wide Association Study

Xiang Zhang: Efficient Algorithms for Detecting Genetic Interactions in Genome-Wide Association Study. (Under the direction of Wei Wang.) Genome-wide association study (GWAS) aims to find genetic factors underlying complex phenotypic traits, for which epistasis or gene-gene interaction detection is often preferred over a single-locus approach. However, the computational burden has been a major hurdle to apply epistasis test at the genome-wide scale due to the large number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) pairs to be tested. We have developed and implemented a series of efficient algorithms, i.e., FastANOVA, FastChi, COE, and TEAM, that support epistasis tests in a wide range of problem settings. These algorithms utilize a permutation test for proper error control. Unlike heuristic approaches, they guarantee to find the optimal solutions. It has been shown theoretically and experimentally that these algorithms significantly speed up the process of epistasis detection.
Estimating physical properties of chemical compounds: problem revisited

Abstract The physical and chemical properties of various molecules, calculated by three different semi-empirical methods (MNDO, AM1 and PM3) are compared to experimental values using rigorous statistical analysis. The results show that the best method for calculating physical/chemical properties depends on the property and that no one method is adequate to calculate all the physical properties. Furthermore, by employing appropriate statistical tools we are able to determine the precision and accuracy that each method calculates the different physical/chemical properties. This will make it possible to use computational chemistry as a predictive tool with much better confidence.
An experimental test of electrokinetic theory using measurements of electrophoretic mobility and electrical conductivity

Abstract The electrokinetic properties of two monodisperse colloidal systems have been studied by means of electrophoretic mobility and electrical conductivity measurements. In addition, exact numerical techniques were used to solve the equations for conservation of mass, momentum, and charge around a hard, impermeable, nonconducting sphere with uniform surface charge density (the standard electrokinetic model). From these solutions, ζ potentials were calculated using the measured particle mobilities and suspension conductivities. The two ζ potentials are substantially different. This raises doubts about the completeness of the standard electrokinetic theory and points up the fact that a single parameter (i.e., the ζ potential) cannot fully characterize the electrokinetic transport properties of some colloidal particles.
Tricuspidisation of the aortic valve with creation of a crown-like annulus is able to restore a normal valve function in bicuspid aortic valves.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early results of a new method to repair malfunctioning bicuspid aortic valves by creating a tricuspid valve with a crown-like (i.e. anatomic) annulus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve patients (ages from 10 to 27 years) with chronic regurgitation (and flow-dependent stenosis) of a bicuspid aortic valve underwent repair with the principle of creating a tricuspid valve and a crown-like annulus. The fused leaflets were trimmed and reinserted underneath the existing aortic annulus to create one new native cusp. The third leaflet was fashioned out of a xenopericard patch and was inserted underneath the existing annulus as well to restore the crown-like anatomy of a normal aortic annulus. A tricuspid aortic valve with a morphologically normal annulus was thus created, which resulted in improved coaptation of the leaflets. The repair was immediately assessed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with the heart loaded at 50%. In two patients, a second run helped fine-tune the repair. Median cross-clamping time was 82 min. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 46 months (median 13 months). RESULTS: No significant complication occurred. The function of the aortic valve was excellent with trivial or mild regurgitation in 11 patients and moderate regurgitation in 1 patient. There was no stenosis across the valve. The repair remained stable over time. Remodelling of the left ventricle occurred as expected. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic valve repair is feasible in some dysfunctioning bicuspid aortic valves. Tricuspidisation of the valve can result in excellent systolic and diastolic functions. The creation of a crown-like annulus results in improved coaptation of the cusps and could lead to more reliable outcome. Although long-term results are needed, this anatomic correction seems to be a good alternative to valvular replacement in certain sub-groups of patients.
Combinatorial and discrete geometric problems in image analysis

Image analysis is a scientific discipline which provides theoretical foundations and methods for solving problems appearing in a range of areas as diverse as biology, medicine, physics, astronomy, chemistry, robotics, industrial manufacturing, and security. The very nature of the subject of image analysis determines its close relations to various facets of artificial intelligence. Unlike traditional approaches, which are based on continuous models requiring float arithmetic computations and rounding, "combinatorial" (or "discrete") approaches are based on studying combinatorial properties of discrete structures. They provide models and algorithms, which often appear to be more efficient and accurate than those based on continuous models. Some recent combinatorial approaches aim at constructing a self-contained digital topology and geometry, which might be of interest and importance not only for image analysis, but also as independent mathematical disciplines.
2-FLUORO-5-NITRO-3-PICOLINE AND 6-FLUORO-5-NITRO-3-PICOLINE BY CHLORIDE-FLUORIDE EXCHANGE

(1978). 2-FLUORO-5-NITRO-3-PICOLINE AND 6-FLUORO-5-NITRO-3-PICOLINE BY CHLORIDE-FLUORIDE EXCHANGE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 83-84.
A Study of the Aeroelastic Behavior of Flat Plates and Membranes with Mixed Boundary Conditions in Axial Subsonic Flow

In support of the noise reduction targets for future generations of transport aircraft, as set forth by NASA, the fundamental aeroelastic behavior of trailing edge flap technology was explored. Using a plate structural model to approximate the structural configuration and linear potential flow theory to represent the aerodynamics, aeroelastic behavior was characterized for two structural configurations: all edges simply supported and leading and side edges simply supported trailing edge free. Results are compared to calculations presented in the literature for all edges simply supported configurations.
Market‐based control of linear structural systems

To limit the response of structures during external disturbances such as strong winds or large seismic events, structural control systems can be used. In the structural engineering field, attention has been shifted from active control to semi-active control systems. Unlike active control system devices, semi-active devices are compact, have efficient power consumption characteristics and are less expensive. As a result, an environment of a large number of actuators and sensors will result, rendering a complex large-scale dynamic system. Such a system is best controlled by a decentralized approach such as market-based control (MBC). In MBC, the system is modelled as a market place of buyers and sellers that leads to an efficient allocation of control power. The resulting MBC solution is shown to be locally Pareto optimal. This novel control approach is applied to three linear structural systems ranging from a one-storey structure to a 20-storey structure, all controlled by semi-active hydraulic dampers. It is shown that MBC is competitive in the reduction of structural responses during large seismic loadings as compared to the centralized control approach of the linear quadratic regulation controller. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Rise of Conservative Capitalism: Ideological Tensions within the Reagan and Thatcher Governments

The phrase liberal capitalism has occasionally been used in contemporary political criticism to lump together the ideological approaches of nonsocialist political parties and to suggest that there are few significant differences among those who generally support a market-based political economy. C. B. Macpherson, in an influential essay entitled The Real World of Democracy (1965), argues that “by admitting the mass of the people into the competitive party system, the liberal state did not abandon its fundamental nature; it simply opened the competitive political system to all the individuals who had been created by the competitive market society.” As a first approximation then, liberal capitalism appears to stand for a combination of rational contractualism, utilitarian individualism, and the laissez-faire economics of Adam Smith.
Observation of diffuse terahertz pulse propagation

We report the first observation of the diffusive propagation of single-cycle terahertz pulses in a random medium. Coherent detection permits characterization of the statistics of both the amplitude and phase of the random waveform.
The Federal Government and the Problem of Chinese Rights in the Era of the Fourteenth Amendment

Studies of the federal government’s response to racial discrimination during the immediate post-Civil War era typically dealt almost exclusively with the treatment of free blacks. This focus is in many respects entirely understandable. After all, the debate over black rights was a major factor dividing the Republican and Democratic parties, as well as one of the central themes of the entire Reconstruction process. Thus it should not be surprising that the subject has attracted the attention of most students of race relations, as well as those interested in the period more generally.Blacks were not, however, the only racial minority in America during the late Nineteenth Century. Chinese immigrants were also present in significant numbers; moreover, while the status of blacks was the primary concern of the drafters of Reconstruction measures, the impact of such measures on the condition of the Chinese was also the subject of considerable discussion.This article, first published in the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy in 1994, explores the treatment of Chinese people by Congress and the Supreme Court in order both to elucidate the Republican attitude toward the Chinese and clarify the interaction between status, race, and rights in Republican ideology. The article begins by comparing and contrasting the respective places of black and Chinese people in the political dynamic of the Reconstruction era. The article analyzes congressional debates over the status of Chinese persons in the period between 1869 and 1872. Finally, the article examines the Supreme Court’s response to anti-Chinese legislation in the immediate post-Reconstruction period and concludes that, although the disposition of these cases fell far short of a blanket condemnation of racial discrimination, it was consistent with the ideology of those who controlled the drafting of the Reconstruction amendments.
Linearity characteristics study of millimeter-wave GaN power amplifier

In this paper, a digital waveform system for evaluating the linearity characteristics of millimeter-wave GaN HEMT devices and MMICs is described. It is capable of generating and analyzing a wide range of waveforms. The linearity performance of a sample Ka-band one-stage GaN/SiC MMIC power amplifier is characterized to demonstrate the capabilities of the system. Performance metrics associated with different waveforms are measured. These include AM/AM and AM/PM for single-tone, intermodulation-product-to-carrier-ratio for two-tone, EVM and ACPR for digitally modulated waveforms. The dependence of these metrics on drain bias current is studied. This digital waveform system and its associated test methodology will help MMIC designers to assess device linearity characteristics to improve MMIC PA design with optimized power, efficiency and linearity.
Fundamentals of Semiconductor Detectors for Ionizing Radiation

The modes of operation of semiconductor detectors are reviewed, together with the influence of charge carrier collection in developing a signal pulse for spectroscopic applications. Because of the importance of charge trapping in many semiconductors of interest in the fabrication of room temperature radiation detectors, the effects of incomplete charge collection are quantified. Calculated results are presented for the expected pulse height and energy resolution under a variety of charge collection conditions.
Simultaneous determination of multiple components in lactic acid fermentation using FT-MIR, NIR, and FT-Raman spectroscopic techniques

Abstract Bioprocess optimization is often limited by its inability to measure biomass, nutrients and product concentrations in a time frame that allows process adjustments. Infrared spectroscopic techniques can potentially be used to measure each of these components within about 3 min of sampling, of an unprocessed whole broth sample. In the present study, the use of Fourier transform mid infrared (FT-MIR), near infrared red (NIR), and Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopic techniques for at-line (rapid off-line) monitoring of biomass, glucose, and lactic acid in a lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus casei was investigated. Suitable spectral wavenumber regions were selected for principal least square (PLS) regression and principal component regression (PCR) and calibration models were developed. The standard error of calibration for the PLS-1st derivative calibration models for glucose, lactic acid, and optical cell density were 2.5, 0.7 g/l, and 0.23, respectively. Prediction errors were high for NIR and FT-Raman methods. Results indicated that FT-MIR spectroscopy could be used for rapid detection of glucose, lactic acid, and optical cell density during lactic acid fermentation.
Replication of Minute Virus of Mice in Murine Cells Is Facilitated by Virally Induced Depletion of p21

The DNA damage response to infection with minute virus of mice (MVM) leads to activated p53; however, p21 levels are reduced via a proteasome-mediated mechanism. This loss was sustained, as virus replicated in infected cells held at the G2/M border. Addition of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor roscovitine after S-phase entry reduced MVM replication, suggesting that CDK activity was critical for continued viral replication and virus-induced reduction of p21 may thus be necessary to prevent inhibition of CDK.
Run-of-the-Mill Lunacy

In her 1980 interview with Charles Bukowski, Italian journalist Fernanda Pivano posed what seemed at first an innocuous question: “Why are you called Charles in the books and Hank in your private life?”
Peripheral Immunization Blocks Lethal Actions of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus within the Brain

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the prototype virus for 75 or more negative-strand RNA viruses in the rhabdovirus family. Some of these viruses, including VSV, can cause neurological impairment or death upon brain infection. VSV has shown promise in the prevention and treatment of disease as a vaccine vector and an oncolytic virus, but infection of the brain remains a concern. Three VSV variants, the wild-type-related VSV-G/GFP and two attenuated viruses, VSV-CT1 and VSV-CT9-M51, were compared for neuroinvasiveness and neuromorbidity. In nonimmunized mice, direct VSV-G/GFP injection into the brain invariably resulted in lethal encephalitis; in contrast, partial survival was seen after direct injection of the attenuated VSV strains. In addition, both attenuated VSV strains showed significantly reduced neuroinvasiveness after intranasal inoculation of young postnatal day 16 mice. Of the three tested variants, VSV-CT9-M51 generated the lowest degree of neuropathology. Despite its attenuated state, peripheral inoculations of VSV-CT9-M51 targeted and killed human glioblastoma implanted into the mouse brain. Importantly, we show here that intranasal or intramuscular immunization prevents the lethal effects of subsequent VSV-G/GFP, VSV-CT1, and VSV-CT9-M51 injections into the brain. These results indicate that attenuated recombinant viruses show reduced neurovirulence and that peripheral immunization blocks the lethal actions of all VSVs tested.
Analysis of Unregulated Formin Activity Reveals How Yeast Can Balance F-Actin Assembly between Different Microfilament-based Organizations

Formins are regulated actin-nucleating proteins that are widespread among eukaryotes. Overexpression of unregulated formins in budding yeast is lethal and causes a massive accumulation of disorganized cable-like filaments. To explore the basis of this lethality, a cDNA library was screened to identify proteins whose overexpression could rescue the lethality conferred by unregulated Bnr1p expression. Three classes of suppressors encoding actin-binding proteins were isolated. One class encodes proteins that promote the assembly of actin cables (TPM1, TPM2, and ABP140), suggesting that the lethality was rescued by turning disorganized filaments into functional cables. The second class encodes proteins that bind G-actin (COF1, SRV2, and PFY1), indicating that reduction of the pool of actin available for cable formation may also rescue lethality. Consistent with this, pharmacological or genetic reduction of available actin also protected the cell from overproduction of unregulated Bnr1p. The third class consists of Las17p, an activator of the formin-independent Arp2/3p-dependent actin nucleation pathway. These results indicate that proper assembly of actin cables is sensitive to the appropriate balance of their constituents and that input into one pathway for actin filament assembly can affect another. Thus, cells must have a way of ensuring a proper balance between actin assembly pathways.
Positional precautions in needle aspiration lung biopsy.

The authors performed 308 needle aspiration biopsies of parenchymal lung masses. The patients were then placed with the puncture site down for a period of at least 1 hour or until air leakage stopped. Coughing, talking, and activity were restricted. Complications included pneumothorax, at a rate of 25.0%, and chest tube placement, at a rate of 1.6%. In a subgroup of 262 patients who required only one pleural puncture at biopsy, a pneumothorax rate of 17.9% and a chest tube placement rate of 0.4% were encountered. When compared with a similar series of 143 control patients, significant reductions in both pneumothorax rate (P = .0004) and chest tube placement rate (P = .0001) were demonstrated.
The Roles of Spontaneous and Induced Change in Some Forestry Concepts

Every scientific discipline has a concept set that is to some degree specific to the discipline. Bentley (1968) argued that for an applied discipline like forestry it is the concept set that differentiates it from other disciplines, and the possession of the concept set differentiates foresters from botanists, hydrologists, etc. It is through its concept set that a discipline’s propositions and theories are expressed. So, no valid concepts, no scientific knowledge, and no scientific knowledge, no scientific discipline.
Constraints on Restraints: A Signal Detection Analysis of the Use of Mechanical Restraints on Adult Psychiatric Inpatients

The use of mechanical restraints is highly controversial in part because they are potentially dangerous. A non-trivial number of psychiatric patients die every year as a result of being placed in restraints. Yet mental health professionals use restraints regularly, proclaiming that they are a necessary part of practice. Exacerbating this dissensus are the statutes and case law that govern the use of restraints, both of which fail to meaningfully specify the conditions under which the use of restraints is permissible. This paper describes an approach to fill this void.The use of restraints, like any diagnostic decision, turns on a tradeoff between false positives (using restraints unnecessarily) and false negatives (failing to use restraints when necessary). A given tradeoff implies a decision threshold. In this context, the decision threshold reflects the point at which the perceived level of ‘violence’ occurring legitimates the use of restraints. We elicited tradeoffs from former mental patients and psychiatrists about the costs of using mechanical restraints. Patients indicated that, on average, 86 false negatives are equivalent to 1 false positive–requiring the likelihood of violence to be in excess of 99% in order to use restraints. By contrast, psychiatrists indicated that, on average, 8 false positives are equivalent to 1 false negative — implying that restraints should be used whenever the likelihood of violence exceeds 15%. Differential weights were applied to these disparate responses in order to specify a single, normative threshold. Policy and practical implications for the use of mechanical restraints are discussed in light of these findings.
POLLEN ANALYSES FOR POLLINATION RESEARCH, ACETOLYSIS

Analysis of the pollen associated with pollinators can reveal their role in pollination, the habitats and plants they visit, from where they migrated, what they eat, and dispersal patterns in and around cropping systems. However, finding pollen on and or in a pollinator depends on the technique used to recover the pollen. Acetolysis can be used to recover pollen from internal insect tissues (gut, alimentary canal, crop, etc.), external tissues (proboscis, legs, eyes, etc.) or both.Acetolysis is the best technique for recovering pollen because any tissue is dissolved and lipids and debris are removed from the sample and the pollen grains.This makes the diagnostic characteristics of the pollen grains more visible so that accurate pollen identification can be made.By using the proper technique, better pollen recovery can be made and thus better data can be obtained.
New Mexico and the southwestern US are affected by a unique population of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) strains

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an important pathogen of many ornamental, greenhouse and agronomic crops worldwide. TSWV also causes sporadic problems in a number of crops in New Mexico (NM). Nucleocapsid gene sequences obtained from six different crop species across the state over four different years were used to characterize the NM TSWV population. This analysis shows that NM is affected by a unique TSWV population that is part of larger independent population present in the southwestern US. This population likely arose due to geographic isolation and is related to other TSWV populations from the US, Spain, and Italy.
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid and Spinal Hemorrhage Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A 42-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), positive lupus anticoagulant, elevated titers of IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibody and β2 glycoprotein antibodies, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia presented with menorrhagia and anemia. She received both platelet and red cell transfusions and had an unrevealing endometrial biopsy. She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for autoimmune-mediated thrombocytopenia and was taking hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily that was a home medication. She was started on prednisone 60 mg daily. During her hospitalization, she developed a sudden, severe, sharp, and pounding occipital and nuchal headache with sharp shooting pains radiating down the back of the neck. She was alert and oriented with normal cranial nerve function, motor strength, and sensation. Her headache was unsuccessfully treated with fioricet and acetaminophen. The day after headache onset, a noncontrast head computed tomography revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) extending from the interpeduncular fossa caudally to the cervicomedullary junction (Figure 1). Computed tomographic angiogram of the head and neck revealed a focal left vertebral artery stenosis with poststenotic aneurysmal dilation of the intradural (V4) segment. There were additional multifocal areas of beading and long tapered vessel narrowing involving the M2 division of the left middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral arteries and M3 division of the right middle cerebral artery (Figure 1). Magnetic resonance brain demonstrated multifocal but posteriorly predominant T2 hyperintense lesions that resembled posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (Figure 2). Conventional angiogram confirmed the global small and medium vessel vasculopathy with a left V4 vertebral artery fusiform aneurysm measuring 10.6 mm×5.5 mm distal to the origin of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (Figure 2). Figure 1. Lupus-associated central nervous system vasculitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A , Computed tomographic (CT) head demonstrating perimedullary SAH (black arrow). B , CT angiogram demonstrating focal stenosis of the intracranial …
Biology and Ecology of Bat Flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on Bats in the Genus Carollia

The biology and ecology of bat flies found on Carollia perspicillata were investigated in Heredia Province, Costa Rica. Only Trichobius joblingi, Speiseria ambigua , and Strebla guajiro were found on Carollia . These streblids were absent from 9 species of bats in 7 other genera. Although streblids transfer readily among bats in a roost, flies had a clumped distribution on foraging bats. Female bats had significantly higher numbers of flies (3.5 ± 3) than did male bats (2.1 ± 2). The ratio of female to male flies was 1:1.3, 1:1.4, and 1:1.7 for T. joblingi, Sp. ambigua , and St. guajiro , respectively. Pupiposition occurred between 1730–1930 h, coinciding with the time when bats leave their roosts. Pupae eclosed during the morning, providing teneral flies with maximum time for cuticle hardening and host searching. Mean pupal developmental times (in days) for caged T. joblingi, Sp. ambigua , and St. guajiro were 17.4 ± 1, 19.8 ± 0.66, and 18.8 ± 0.75, respectively; pupal mortality was 22, 48, and 62%, respectively. Trichobius joblingi pupae monitored in a tree roost had 37% mortality. Streblids fed frequently and voided fecal droplets containing masses of intact red blood cells. When removed from hosts, fly defecation rates dropped to 0 after 1 h. Fed T. joblingi had a mean survivorship off the host of 2.79 ± 0.88 h, whereas teneral flies lived significantly longer (4.0 ± 0.47 h). Mean survival time off the host for Sp. ambigua and St. guajiro was less than 7 h. Streblids copulated on the host, and males would often “ride” fully parous females. Laboulbeniomycete fungi were found on all 3 bat fly species; this is the first record of them on New World streblids.
Lifetime risk estimators in epidemiological studies of Krabbe Disease: Review and Monte Carlo comparison.

This review addresses difficulties arising in estimating epidemiological parameters of leukodystrophies and lysosomal storage disorders, with special focus on Krabbe disease. Although multiple epidemiological studies of Krabbe disease have been published, these studies are difficult to reconcile since they have used different study populations and varying methods of calculation. Confusion exists regarding which epidemiological parameters have been estimated; the current review shows that most previous estimates can be properly interpreted as lifetime risk at birth. One of the most common estimation methods is shown to be inaccurate, while two other methods are shown to be approximately accurate. Based on the results of the current paper, recommendations are made that are expected to improve the quality of future studies of Krabbe disease. It is anticipated that these recommendations will be applicable to epidemiological studies of other lysosomal storage disorders, as well as any other rare diseases diagn...
STUDY ON QUENCHING CHARACTERI STICS OF YBCO TAPES AFTER THERMAL IMPACT

When superconductive power device run in power system,superconductive tapes maybe quench because of power system default,e.g. system short default,in the process of default,the tapes will endure large current and unbalance current,and endure electromagnetism,mechanical stress and caloric because of large current and unbalance current,so it is important for superconductive power device to research thermal impact to superconductive tapes. In the paper,we research the quenching and recovering Characteristics of YBCO tapes which are produced by American Superpower Company when a thermal impact is give to YBCO tapes. The result proves:the YBCO tapes will change beyond retrieve when its temperature exceeds 500K. Its critical current will go down along when its temperature reach to 300K.
Analysis of the Blocking of Pole II in Anshun Converter Station Triggered by the VBE Protective System and Related Counter-Measurement

Aiming at the blocking of poleⅡin Anshun Converter Station triggered by the VBE protective system,and accordint to the control principle of Guizhou-Guangdong DCⅡ,this paper analyzes the process of the first ESOF,and points out that the main cause of VBE firing is the sensor failure of the UdL voltage divider while the indirect one is the converter transformer tap using Udio control mode.Based on RTDS simulation results,a counter measure is proposed as following: to set the converter transformer tap changer control of the rectifier station as the angle control mode as to prevent the similar failure.
Analysis of TV Explosion Fault and Measures against the Damage of Suspended Discharge

The reduction of the influence of suspended discharge on the insulation performance of electric devices will improve the power supply reliability of power grid. An explosion accident of 220 kV SF6 gas insulated electromagnetic voltage transformer(TV)is analyzed,and it is found that the main reason of the accident is the suspended discharge inside the device which declined the insulation performance of SF6 gas and then caused the short circuit to ground of primary lead wire of TV under a low lightning overvoltage. The experimental test verified that the suspended discharge caused the unstable electric connections inside the device and lead to the fluctuation of TV secondary terminal voltage and the misjudgment of online device insulation monitoring equipment. Measures against the suspended discharge inside devices and treatment countermeasures are proposed.
Global Expression Analysis of Quorum-Sensing Controlled Genes

Transcript profiling has improved our understanding of quorum-sensing gene regulation on a global scale. Here, we describe methods for high-quality sample preparation for use in DNA microarray and real-time PCR experiments.
His-bundle electrography. Clinical applications. Second of two parts.

Intracardiac electrography via a tripolar electrode catheter ascertains the electrical activity of the His bundle and right and left bundle branches. The technique allows precise localization of the site of atrioventricular block.
Antimicrobial therapy of anaerobic infections: a status report.

For clinicians, there are a number of important reasons for a “second look” at these often lethal organisms. These include recent improvements in means of isolation, taxonomic reordering of some important pathogenic species, and the actual or impending introduction of newer antimicrobials to cover gaps in the anaerobic spectrum. The focus is on the potential clinical impact of these significant developments.