cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AZTEC: a front tracking code based on Godunov's method

AZTEC (Adaptive Zoom Tracking-Experimental Code) is a code to solve the one-dimensional gas dynamical equations in a variable area duct with specific implementation for plane, cylindrical, and spherical geometries. The program uses a fixed, locally and adaptively refinable grid, together with a set of moving grid points which migrate through the fixed grid. The moving points represent shocks or contact discontinuities, and they can be created or destroyed, usually as the result of a collision. Mass, energy, and momentum (the last only in the constant area case) are exactly conserved, except after a collision; in that case the conservation error is reduced to invisible levels by spatially localized partial time stepping. The basic difference scheme for both the fixed and moving grid is Godunov's method, with the Riemann solver used to compute both cell boundary fluxes and the speeds of the moving points. Tracking of rarefaction waves on the moving grid is difficult with this method since the waves must be represented as piecewise constant. In one version of AZTEC the rarefaction waves are recorded on the fixed grid with the Lax-Wendroff difference scheme with a small additional viscosity, and most of the numerical experiments have been performed with this version. In another version the polytropic gas equation of state has been replaced by one in which the pressure is a continuous piecewise linear function of specific volume at constant entropy. With this assumption the solution of each Riemann problem is piecewise constant, and our method is exact until the wave structure becomes too complicated. Some preliminary numerical results are exhibited for this version.
PS1-48: Where to Find Inpatient Utilization Data in Clarity

Background/Aims Clarity is the reporting database for Epic data. Clarity was created to extract data from the Epic production server Chronicles and store it in a relational database and a dedicated reporting servers. Clarity can reside on variance platforms such as Teradata or Oracle. Most tables in Clarity are updated nightly by a feed from Chronicles. There are also weekly and monthly updates for the more static tables. Queries and reports generated from Clarity can be are very comprehensive and can be challenging. This presentation is targeted to programmers on how to look for IP diagnosis, procedures, events and data flow in Clarity.
A sterol-binding protein integrates endosomal lipid metabolism with TOR signaling and nitrogen sensing

Kes1, and other oxysterol-binding protein superfamily members, are involved in membrane and lipid trafficking through trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomal systems. We demonstrate that Kes1 represents a sterol-regulated antagonist of TGN/endosomal phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate signaling. This regulation modulates TOR activation by amino acids and dampens gene expression driven by Gcn4, the primary transcriptional activator of the general amino acid control regulon. Kes1-mediated repression of Gcn4 transcription factor activity is characterized by nonproductive Gcn4 binding to its target sequences, involves TGN/endosome-derived sphingolipid signaling, and requires activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) module of the enigmatic “large Mediator” complex. These data describe a pathway by which Kes1 integrates lipid metabolism with TORC1 signaling and nitrogen sensing.
Mob families and mad families

We show the consistency of ${\frak o} <{\frak d}$ where ${\frak o}$ is the size of the smallest off-branch family, and ${\frak d}$ is as usual the dominating number. We also prove the consistency of ${\frak b} < {\frak a}$ with large continuum. Here, ${\frak b}$ is the unbounding number, and ${\frak a}$ is the almost disjointness number.
A Cognitive Modeling Technique for Complex Decision Strategies

Accurate models of operator decision making have been advocated by a number of researchers as a fundamental component of system design (Glenn, (1989); Norman, (1986); and Rasmussen, (1985)). Such models can be used to strengthen the design integrity of decision support systems in which tasks are allocated between human and computer. In this investigation, a cognitive modeling technique based on the GOMS model of Card, Moran, and Newell (1983) was used to analyze the composition and structure of decision-making strategies in a multidimensional diagnostic task. Two general strategies emerged along with the finding that certain strategies predominated according to visual display format. The methodology offers a promising approach to the analysis of verbal and retrospective protocol data solicited in conjunction with complex decision-making tasks.
1-10 keV X-ray sky near the galactic centre.

X ray sources identification and position measurements near galactic center on basis of rocket experiments
Elicitation of resveratrol in peanut kernels by application of abiotic stresses.

Application of no postharvest stress or by size reduction, grinding, chopping, or slicing and exposure to UV light or ultrasound were investigated for the elicitation of trans-resveratrol, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity (AOA) in peanut kernels. AOA and total phenolic compounds did not increase in stressed peanuts over incubation times 0−48 h at 25 °C; however, an increase in trans-resveratrol concentration over time occurred. Slicing (2 mm), ultrasound exposure for 4 min at 25 °C, and incubation for 36 h produced the highest level of trans-resveratrol synthesis in peanuts, increasing concentrations from 0.48 ± 0.08 μg/g in untreated peanuts to 3.96 ± 0.96 μg/g. AOA in stressed peanuts was negatively correlated with trans-resveratrol concentration, indicating that as AOA decreased trans-resveratrol concentration increased. Keywords: Resveratrol; UV; ultrasound; wounding; total phenolics; antioxidant activity
Recovery functions of somatosensory evoked responses in slow learners.

The amplitude of the evoked response to the second of a pair of somatosensory stimuli was studied as a function of the interstimulus interval in subject of above average intelligence and in subjects of borderline or retarded intelligence classified as slow learners. Recovery functions were biphasic for both groups but the slow learners showed less recovery of cortical responsiveness at brief interstimulus intervals. The results indicate that recovery functions of the somatosensory evoked responses are related lo behavioral measures as reflected in mild deficits in intellectual performance.
Optimized optical morphological object classification

Morphological transformation provides a powerful, nonlinear means of quantitatively analyzing data sets such as images. This technique has traditionally been applied to feature location or feature removal, as in noise removal. However, the technique holds some promise for fast object classification. By viewing the transformation as a neural network, proven training techniques may be applied to optimize the performance. The critical step in applying morphology is the design of the structuring element or shape of the filter. By casting the problem as that of object classification and by properly defining error functions, neural network training techniques may be used to optimize performance. In addition, this view of the procedure as a neural network allows the generalization of the technique to include sequences of filters, which correspond to multiple layer neural networks. an optical architecture is being considered to implement a sequence of morphological transformations, taking into account known principles and limitations of the optics and of neural networks, in order to perform a complex object classification task. Then the corresponding morphological filter parameter will be optimized using neural network training techniques.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Building a search engine for computer science course syllabi

Syllabi are rich educational resources. However, finding Computer Science syllabi on a generic search engine does not work well. Towards our goal of building a syllabus collection we have trained various Machine Learning classifiers to recognize Computer Science syllabi from other web pages and the discipline that they represent (AI or SE for instance) among other things. We have crawled 50 Computer Science departments in the US and gathered 100,000 candidate pages. Our best classifiers are more than 90% accurate at identifying syllabi from real-world data. The syllabus repository we created is live for public use (at http://syllabus.sdakak.com) and contains more than 3000 syllabi that our classifiers filtered out from the crawl data. We present an analysis of the various feature selection methods and classifiers used.
Community archiving of imaging studies

The quantity of image data created in a large radiology practice has long been a challenge for available archiving technology. Traditional methods ofarchiving the large quantity of films generated in radiology have relied on warehousing in remote sites, with courier delivery of film files for historical comparisons. A digital community archive, accessible via a wide area network, represents a feasible solution to the problem of archiving digital images from a busy practice. In addition, it affords a physician caring for a patient access to imaging studies performed at a variety ofhealthcare institutions without the need to repeat studies. Security problems include both network security issues in the WAN environment and access control for patient, physician and imaging center. The key obstacle to developing a community archive is currently political. Reluctance to participate in a community archive can be reduced by appropriate design of the access mechanisms.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Physiological Membrane Tension Causes An Increase In Lipid Diffusion: A Single Molecule Fluorescence Study

The quantitative relationship between lipid bilayer tension and lipid dynamics is currently unknown. We used time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to determine diffusion of DiI, a lipoid dye, in micropipette-aspirated model membranes. Fluid-phase giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) were prepared from DOPC lipid using electroformation and stained with nanomolar concentrations of DiIC12. When GUVs were stressed from 0.02 to 0.1 mN/m, the diffusion coefficient increased monotonically from 9 × 10-8 to 13 × 10-8 cm2/sec. Thus, for the first time, we show that physiological tensions on the order of those experienced when cells are subjected to fluid shear stress or osmotic swelling induce substantial changes in lipid diffusion. These results suggest that tension directly causes changes in lipid diffusion, which may play a role in activation of integral membrane proteins. Conversely, this direct relationship may allow one to determine membrane stresses in cells from measured diffusion coefficients.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ASSOCIATION OF HELICAL POLYRIBOSOMES AND FILAMENTS WITH VINCRISTINE-INDUCED CRYSTALS IN EARLE'S L-CELL FIBROBLASTS

Earle's L-929 fibroblasts from cultures treated with 5–10 µg/ml of vincristine sulfate have a large number of eosinophilic, proteinaceous crystals in their cytoplasm. In electron micrographs, large arrays of helical polyribosomes, stacks of Golgi lamellae, and membranes of granular endoplasmic reticulum are seen in the cytoplasm of these cells. "Stalks" of fine granular material, approximately 300 A wide, are often seen in association with the arrays of the helical polyribosomes. In many sections rows of helical polyribosomes and filaments emerging from individual polyribosomes are seen in intimate contact with the crystals. A gradual reduction in the number of crystals and crystal-bearing cells is seen in cultures removed from the drug-containing medium and reincubated in fresh medium. In electron micrographs, these reincubated cells show large aggregates of filamentous material in the cytoplasm, and in many sections filaments are seen in continuity with the crystals.
On the assessment of utility demand-side management programs

Abstract We compare the total resource cost and willingness to pay accounting methods of calculating demand-side management benefits and costs. After a review of Massachusetts Electric Company's process evaluation data, we conclude that the total resource cost method more accurately represents actual program results. However, even the total resource cost method may be incomplete, since it fails to account for savings associated with efficient equipment purchased independent of the utility program, but as a direct result of participants' positive, educational experiences in the program.
Balboa Binds to Pickpocket In Vivo and Is Required for Mechanical Nociception in Drosophila Larvae

The Drosophila gene pickpocket (ppk) encodes an ion channel subunit of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) family. PPK is specifically expressed in nociceptive, class IV multidendritic (md) neurons and is functionally required for mechanical nociception responses. In this study, in a genome-wide genetic screen for other ion channel subunits required for mechanical nociception, we identify a gene that we name balboa (also known as CG8546, ppk26). Interestingly, the balboa locus encodes a DEG/ENaC ion channel subunit highly similar in amino acid sequence to PPK. Moreover, laser-capture isolation of RNA from larval neurons and microarray analyses reveal that balboa is also highly enriched in nociceptive neurons. The requirement for Balboa and PPK in mechanical nociception behaviors and their specific expression in larval nociceptors led us to hypothesize that these DEG/ENaC subunits form an ion channel complex in vivo. In nociceptive neurons, Balboa::GFP proteins distribute uniformly throughout dendrites but remarkably localize to discrete foci when ectopically expressed in other neuron subtypes (where PPK is not expressed). Indeed, ectopically coexpressing ppk transforms this punctate Balboa::GFP expression pattern to the uniform distribution observed in its native cell type. Furthermore, ppk-RNAi in class IV neurons alters the broad Balboa::GFP pattern to a punctate distribution. Interestingly, this interaction is mutually codependent as balboa-RNAi eliminates Venus::PPK from the sensory dendrites of nociceptors. Finally, using a GFP-reconstitution approach in transgenic larvae, we directly detect in vivo physical interactions among PPK and Balboa subunits. Combined, our results indicate a critical mechanical nociception function for heteromeric PPK and Balboa channels in vivo.
Light scattering and absorption by wind blown dust: Theory, measurement, and recent data

Large quantities of dust with diameters <10 μm are dispersed in earth’s atmosphere by wind-driven processes. This dust is of significant scientific interest owing to its ability to potentially alter climate, reduce local visibility, cause respiratory problems in humans, and affect biogeochemical cycles in the world’s oceans. In this work, we present a review of the theory of light scattering and absorption by small particles, discuss common measurement techniques used to characterize the optical properties of airborne particulates, and summarize recent measurements of the optical properties of airborne dust. For the review of recent measurements we focus on the visible and near IR properties of dust, and present Angstrom exponents, real and imaginary parts of refractive index, and single scatter albedo data obtained and published by other authors for a variety of locations in the Northern Hemisphere dust belt and Australia.
A Comparison of Atlantic Salmon Embryo and Fry Stocking in the Salmon River, New York

Abstract To assess the feasibility of restoring an extirpated species, it is crucial to identify the method of reintroduction that optimizes juvenile survival and growth so that adequate adult populations may be established. Because Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fry are relatively expensive to rear, we compared the efficacies of two embryo-stocking methods and one fry-stocking method in producing age-0 Atlantic salmon parr in the Salmon River, New York. As measured by resulting parr densities, there were no differences in survival rates between embryos stocked with and without protective hatching boxes; the mean survival of embryo-stocked fish to late summer was less than 0.01%. Fry stocking produced significantly greater densities of late-summer parr than did embryo stocking, with site-specific survival ranging up to 8%; the mean survival of fry was 2%. Considering the hatchery costs of rearing each life stage, the labor involved in stocking, and the resulting late-summer parr abundances, we recommend plan...
Tools and methodologies for designing energy-efficient photonic networks-on-chip for highperformance chip multiprocessors

Photonic interconnection networks have recently been proposed as a replacement to conventional electronic network-on-chip solutions in delivering the ever increasing communication requirements of future chip multiprocessors. While photonics offers superior bandwidth density, lower latencies, and improvements in energy efficiency over electronics, the photonic network designs that can leverage these benefits cannot be easily derived by simply mimicking electronic layouts. In fact, proper implementations of photonic interconnects will require the careful consideration of a variety new physical-layer metrics and design requirements that did not exist with electronics. Here, we review some of the currently proposed designs for chip-scale photonic interconnection networks, the design methodologies required to produce viable network topologies, and a simulation environment, called PhoenixSim, that we have developed to accurately model and study those metrics and designs.
Channels: Sticking to nooks and crannies

Drug design for voltage-gated ion channels has long been hampered by the absence of crystal structures and the challenge of achieving subtype selectivity. A combination of mutagenesis, electrophysiology and molecular modeling has led to the identification of a new side pocket binding site for the small molecule Psora-4 between the pore and the voltage-sensor domain of Kv1.5, offering opportunities to design allosteric ion channel modulators.
Assembly and testing of microparticle and microcapsule smart tattoo materials

Microscale biochemical sensors are attractive for in vitro diagnostics and disease management, as well as medical and biological research applications. Fluorescent sensors, coupling specific glucose-binding proteins with fluorescent readout methods, have been developed for this purpose. Our work has focused on the development of assembly and packaging systems for producing micro- and nanoscale sensing components that can be used as implants, intracellular reporters, or as elements in larger systems. Both hybrid organic/inorganic particles and hollow microshells have been developed to physically couple the sensing materials together in biocompatible, semipermeable packages. Fabrication details and sensor characterization are used to demonstrate the potential of these sensor concepts.
Thermal Stability of Two Fluid Layers Separated by a Solid Interlayer of Finite Thickness and Thermal Conductivity

Determination des limites de stabilite de 2 couches horizontales de fluide separees par une intercouche de conductivite thermique limitee, dans le cas d'une conduction parfaite de la couche superieure refroidie et de la couche inferieure chauffee. Demonstration du fait que ces limites sont des fonctions du rapport des epaisseurs des couches de fluide, du rapport de l'epaisseur de l'intercouche a l'epaisseur totale des couches de fluide et du rapport des conductivites thermiques des fluides et de l'intercouche. Application a un collecteur solaire a air avec intercouche centrale constituee par un film de Teflon de 0,13 mm d'epaisseur
Surface wrinkling behavior of finite circular plates

Osmotically-driven surface buckling is a simple method for introducing controlled micro- and nano-scale topography onto material surfaces. To achieve a fundamental understanding of the buckling process and a library of the equilibrium and kinetically-trapped structures that can be attained, we observe the growth processes of a buckling silicate plate rigidly attached to an elastomeric substrate. The primary variable is the lateral extent of the silicate plate which is shown to dictate the location of buckle initiation, and thus the resulting morphology of the final buckled structure. We present a model to qualitatively describe the radial stress profile within the plate, based on both the diffusion-controlled local osmotic stress and the ability of the plate to transfer this stress to the relatively unconfined region surrounding it. These results and insights provide lessons for controlling the order and arrangement of buckled microstructures.
Matrices permutation equivalent to primitive matrices

Abstract We give a necessary and sufficient condition for an n×n (0,1) matrix (or more generally, an n×n nonnegative matrix) to be permutation equivalent to a primitive matrix. More precisely, except for two simple permutation equivalent classes of n×n (0,1) matrices, each n×n (0,1) matrix having no zero row or zero column is permutation equivalent to some primitive matrix. As an application, we use this result to characterize the subsemigroup of Bn (Bn is the multiplicative semigroup of n×n Boolean matrices) generated by all the primitive matrices and permutation matrices. We also consider a more general problem and give a necessary and sufficient condition for an n×n nonnegative matrix to be permutation equivalent to an irreducible matrix with given imprimitive index.
Adolescent pregnancy and substance use.

Objective To review the literature on adolescent pregnancy and substance use for the purpose of identifying practice and research implications. Data Sources Computerized searches were done using MEDLINE and CINAHL, as well as references cited in the articles reviewed. Key words used in the search were adolescent pregnancy and substance use; teen pregnancy and substance abuse; adolescent risk behaviors; pregnant adolescent and drug addiction; and perinatal substance use. Study Selection Articles and comprehensive works from indexed journals in the English language published after 1986 were reviewed. Data Extraction Data were extracted and organized using these headings: motivation for drug use; common drugs used; cigarette smoking; alcohol; and other drugs. Data Synthesis This review identifies factors associated with drug use in adolescent pregnancy, risk factors for the teenaged mother and her developing fetus, and suggestions of health care providers who have studied adolescent pregnancy and substance use. Conclusions Nurses who care for pregnant adolescents are in an ideal position to assess for signs and symptoms of substance abuse, provide education, initiate interventions and referrals, and provide follow-up care. Early identification of substance abuse is a key factor in the prevention of pregnancy complications and poor fetal outcome.
The annihilation of 1Δg oxygen by excited triplet state sensitizers

Abstract Singlet oxygen in the 1Δ state is rapidly quenched in the gas phase by triplet state sensitizers such as quinoxaline and naphthalene. The bimolecular rate constants for the quenching reaction are 7 × 1010M-1 sec-1 and 9 × 1010M-1 sec-1 for quinoxaline and naphthalene, respectively. Relaxation to a lower lying charge-transfer state of the sensitizer-oxygen complex is suggested as the most plausible mechanism for the loss of 1Δ.
Aggression, hostility, and irritability in children at risk for bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder (BP) is a severe, persistent mental illness associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is also well-established as a familial disorder, with a 5–10% prevalence in first-degree relatives of adults and children with BP, compared to 0.5–1.5% prevalence in community samples [1–4, (Birmaher B, Axelson D, Monk K et al. Psychiatric disorders in children of bipolar parents. Manuscript in preparation.)]. In addition, the concordance for BP I in monozygotic twins is significantly higher (43–67%) than in dizygotic twins (7–20%) (3, 5–8). In recent years, researchers have begun to focus on high-risk populations, such as children of bipolar parents. Of the studies thus far, many have focused on the risk of developing BP or other psychiatric disorders (9–13). Some studies have also looked at temperament (14, 15) and family environment (16). Nonetheless, a well-defined premorbid phenotype remains elusive. The ability to identify populations at risk for developing BP has important public health implications. Early recognition and treatment of BP may decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with the disorder. Given the high risk of suicide in BP patients, this is no small consideration. There is reason to suspect that aggression is a potential marker for early-onset BP, with anger and irritability as possible prodromal symptoms (17, 18). Juvenile mania may be particularly disorganized and explosive (19, 20). Also, aggression is a frequent reason for hospitalization in manic youths (21). The considerable overlap with disruptive behavior and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) supports the idea that children with BP tend to be aggressive (though one must differentiate between planned disruptive behaviors and the behavioral disinhibition of BP) (2, 22). While Leibenluft and colleagues (23) suggested that the development of sensitive and specific measures of irritability in children with psychopathology would be an important advance in our field, to date there is no universally accepted rating scale with which to assess irritability or aggression. For this study, one of the instruments we chose to evaluate these symptoms was the Children’s Hostility Inventory (CHI) (24), a measure which can be used to examine aggression, hostility, and irritability as separate symptoms. Given the heritability of BP, and the suspicion that irritability, aggression, and/or hostility may precede other symptoms in early-onset BP, it is reasonable to examine the extent and nature of these symptoms in offspring of BP parents. We hypothesized that children of BP parents would have higher CHI scores (total and each subscale) than children of non-BP parents.
Nucleation of voids in materials supersaturated with mobile interstitials, vacancies and divacancies

Abstract In previous void nucleation theories, the void size has been allowed to change only by one atomic volume through vacancy or interstitial absorption or through vacancy emission. To include the absorption of divacancies, the classical nucleation theory is here extended to include double-step transitions between clusters. The new nucleation theory is applied to study the effect of divacancies on void formation. It is found that the steady-state void nucleation rate is enhanced by several orders of magnitude as compared to results with previous void nucleation theories. However, to obtain void nucleation rates comparable to measured ones, the effect of impurities, segregation and insoluble gases must still be invoked.
HSS-to-HSS seismic moment connection performance and design

Abstract Hollow structural sections (HSS) provide an alternative to typical wide flange sections in low-rise seismic moment resisting frames. Their beneficial strength-to-weight ratio as well as bending, compression, and torsional resistance increases the versatility of moment frames and potentially improves performance under earthquake loads. With an understanding of current design requirements for seismic moment connections and static HSS-to-HSS connections, 39 fully welded unreinforced HSS-to-HSS connections are explored through finite element analyses. However, performance is limited due to column face plastification and inability to develop the plastic moment capacity of the beam. To rectify this problem, 24 through plate and 24 external diaphragm plate HSS-to-HSS moment connections are analyzed. Several important geometric parameters, such as the beam width–column width ratio, beam thickness–column thickness ratio, plate length, and plate thickness are considered to understand their effect on the connection moment capacity and sources of inelastic rotation. The through plate and external diaphragm reinforcement greatly improve the connection behavior moving yielding away from the column face and into the beam member. The results from the reinforced connections are used in combination with current seismic design provisions to develop a design procedure that optimizes the performance of these connections. The reinforced connections can be detailed to develop plastic hinging in the HSS beam member while minimizing the likelihood of a non-ductile weld failure.
Quality requirements in developing countries

Abstract This paper theoretically explores how quality standards imposed by subsidiaries of multinational enterprises on local suppliers in developing countries can influence the local intermediate goods industries: they can trigger the adoption of better techniques and processes, thereby increasing the technological capability of the host country; they can also induce local innovation, a situation described in many case studies of developing countries. However, if a host country is underdeveloped, the presence of multinational firms might not bring any significant changes to the economy.
Antibiotic susceptibility of 629 bacterial blood and CSF isolates from Swedish infants and the therapeutic implications.

Tullus, K., Olsson-Liljequist, B., Lundstrom, G. and Burman, L. G. (Department of Paediatrics, St. Goran's Children's Hospital and Department of Bacteriology, the National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden). Antibiotic susceptibility of 629 bacterial blood and CSF isolates from Swedish infants and the therapeutic implications. Acta Paediatr Scand 80: 205, 1991. Blood and CSF isolates (n=629) from Swedish infants up to one year of age were tested in vitro against 13 antimicrobial agents in order to update the guidelines for empiric therapy of septicaemia and meningitis. Ampicillin plus gentamicin provided inadequate empiric therapy for meningitis, due to the poor CSF penetration of the aminoglycoside and the frequent occurrence of bacterial resistance to ampicillin. Ceftazidime and cefuroxime were moderately active, particularly against isolates from small infants. Cefotaxime today seemed to provide the best empiric therapy of septicaemia and meningitis in infants. Because of the occurrence of Listeria and enterococcal infections, ampicillin should initially be added and other combinations are also advisable for the occasional cases of Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, and Pseudomonas infections. For coagulase-negative staphylococci only vancomycin offered a broad activity (100% at achievable serum levels).
INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN UPON GENETIC AND NONGENETIC EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON PARAMECIUM AURELIA

SummaryThe nongenetic effects of ionizing radiation upon Paramecium, when many bacteria are present during irradiation, are not influenced or perhaps are slightly increased by hypoxia. However, when few bacteria are present, these effects are decreased by hypoxia. The latter finding is in accord with the previously obtained evidence that much of the nongenetic damage produced when few bacteria are present is due to H2O2 formed outside the cell. The former finding suggests that H2O2 formed inside the cell is not of importance in producing nongenetic damage. On the other hand, genetic damage is consistently less under hypoxia. Previous evidence has shown that this kind of damage is not produced by H2O2 formed outside the cell. However, it seems quite possible that H2O2 or HO2 produced locally within the nucleus is of importance in producing genetic damage; but the evidence from Paramecium does not rule out other interpretations; e.g., an effect of oxygen itself upon the recombination of broken chromosomes.
Formation of He2+ shell‐like distributions downstream of the Earth's bow shock

[1] When the incident solar wind He2+ and H+ distributions cross the electrostatic potential at the shock, they are decelerated differentially due to their different charge- to-mass ratios. This differential slowing will produce a He2+ ring-beam distribution immediately downstream from a quasi-perpendicular shock. In this letter, we perform one-dimensional (1D) hybrid simulations and investigate the evolution of the He2+ ring-beam distribution in magnetized plasma. The plasma is composed of three components: H+, He2+ and electrons, where H+ has a velocity distribution with large perpendicular temperature anisotropy. It is shown that both the He2+ ring-beam distribution and H+ distribution with large perpendicular temperature anisotropy can excite ion cyclotron waves with propagation direction parallel to the ambient magnetic field, and then the waves pitch-angle scatter the He2+ ions. However, only the ion cyclotron waves excited by the He2+ ring-beam distribution can transform He2+ into shell-like distribution. The results can explain the He2+ shell-like distributions downstream of the Earth's bow shock, which have already been observed with the AMPTE/CCE and ISEE spacecraft.
Curtain Up! Light the lights…on patient safety!

ISSUE: Our hospital is a 235-bed community hospital in New York City. Educating all levels of staff has been a challenge due to the perception that safety information is boring and mundane. The standard lecture/discussion method of presentation has resulted in poor participation at educational offerings. It was our intent to use a creative approach to enhance the staff's knowledge base regarding critical patient safety policies. PROJECT: Several comedy sketches were written to include key patient safety errors related to the national patient safety goals and hospital policies for infection control, fire safety, disaster, confidentiality, and ethics. The errors were primarily based on an analysis of test results from the previous year's program. Hospital employees volunteered to be the “actors.” Playbills were distributed that listed the names and departments of the actors along with those who assisted with the event. For 6 weeks prior to the performances, advertising flyers and safety information on the topics to be included at the presentation were distributed to all staff. Department heads were asked to review the information with their staff members. Three performances were held and a videotape was made for future viewing. An “influenza vaccine station” was set up to conveniently vaccinate staff. Volunteers from many departments assisted on the day of the event. Many of the props needed were already available in the hospital, including a stage curtain cleverly constructed from old bed curtains. A construction company provided a loaner of bright “stage” lighting, and the local church offered us of their auditorium for the performances. The program was interactive, with the audience participating to identify errors, which were then discussed. RESULTS: The group of staff members completing the post test for 2004 was different from those doing so the previous year and so direct comparison was not possible. However, it was identified that in 2004, staff showed significant improvement in answering 11 identical questions. Grades for those questions increased from 86% to 94% for clinical staff and 78% to 89% for non-clinical staff. Disaster preparedness, an area of identified weakness, will be a focus for the 2005 program. LESSONS LEARNED: Presenting a creative educational program to adults can be done with only a small budget and a little creativity. Alternative ways to present somewhat dry but vital safety and educational materials can improve participation and learning.
The cellular localization of the two brain specific proteins, S-100 and 14-3-2.

Abstract An attempt has been made to localize, at a cellular level, the two brain specific proteins, S-100 and 14-3-2, by determining their relative concentrations in thalamic nuclei undergoing retrograde cell degeneration after appropriate lesions of the cerebral cortex. As the neuronal degeneration progresses the concentration of the 14-3-2 protein declines so that 6 weeks postoperatively it is only approximately 40% of its control level. On the other hand, there is a slight, but statistically significant, increase in the level of the S-100 protein between the 1st and 4th postoperative weeks which appears to be correlated with the early gliosis in the affected nuclei. On this basis it is suggested that 14-3-2 is primarily a neuronal protein and that the S-100 protein is largely, if not exclusively, confined to glial cells.
Cellular Response to Metallic Ions Released from Nickel-Chromium Dental Alloys

Concerns exist over the potential release of elevated levels of metal ions such as Ni and Be from Ni-Cr dental casting alloys, due to their susceptibility to accelerated corrosion. In this investigation, we evaluated the release of metal ions from four commercial Ni-Cr alloys, representing a range of compositions, in three-day cell culture tests. Metal ion release, as measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, was correlated to changes in cellular morphology, viability, and proliferation. The results showed that the test alloys and their corrosion products did not affect cellular morphology or viabilities, but did decrease cellular proliferation. The types and amounts of metal ions released, which corresponded to the alloys' reported surface and corrosion properties, also correlated to observed decreases in cellular proliferation after 72 h. Neptune, which caused the smallest decrease in cellular proliferation as compared with control cells, released the lowest amount of corrosion products, due to its co...
A relatively minor adult case becomes significantly complex: A lesson in humility

A 41-year-old white woman with no particular concerns about facial esthetics was first seen with bilateral Class II molar relationship, a Class I right canine, and a Class II left canine. Overjet was 3 mm and overbite was 0.5 mm, with no incisor contact. A maxillary right premolar was missing for unknown reasons and all 4 third molars had previously been extracted. The maxillary midline was 2 mm to the right of the facial midline, and the mandibular midline was 3.5 mm to the left of the maxillary midline. There was 7 mm of crowding in the maxillary arch and 6 mm of crowding in the mandibular arch, with an increased curve of Spee. The patient had a well-positioned maxilla, a retrognathic mandible with increased convexity, a Class II denture base relationship, and a vertical facial pattern. The treatment plan consisted of extracting the maxillary left first premolar and the mandibular left central incisor. After 4 months of treatment, an open bite from second premolar to second premolar was noted. After 6 months of treatment, the patient expressed concern with her chin position and mentalis hyperactivity. It was apparent that the orthodontic treatment had resulted in molar extrusion, which the musculature was not able to withstand. Treatment continued and the case was set up for posterior maxillary impaction and mandibular advancement surgical procedures.
Elasto-plastic analysis for a finite thickness rectangular plate containing a through-thickness central crack

The objective of this work is to present a three-dimensional analysis of the elasto-plastic response of a center-cracked rectangular panel by using an alternate method, the method of lines (MOL). The problem of a finite thickness rectangular plate containing a through-thickness central crack under uniaxial tension is studied in detail. An incremental procedure is used to seek the 3-D elasto-plastic stress and strain distribution. The Prandtl-Reuss equations and the associated von Mises flow rule are employed. The material is assumed to be elastic-plastic with nonlinear work-hardening. Effective stress and effective strain concepts are used. The MOL is used to reduce the governing equations on displacements to a coupled set of ordinary differential equations (ODE) along x, y, z lines. These are integrated by Peano-Baker method. Since the ODE are of constant coefficient the coefficient matrix is diagonalized and the matrizon is easily evaluated. Numerical results on stresses, displacements, the growth of plastic zone and the crack surface opening displacements are reported and their variation along the thickness are presented in graphs. The variation of the stress intensity factor K 1, along the thickness direction is given. It is found that the computation time needed for determining the distribution of stresses and strains is much less than what has been reported by using other methods. A comparison of results on SIF with those obtained by other methods is also given.
Effects of Combination of Proliferative Agents and Erythropoietin on Left Ventricular Remodeling Post–Myocardial Infarction

Erythropoietin (EPO) has the potential to improve ischemic tissue by mobilizing endothelial progenitor cells and enhancing neovascularization. We hypothesized that combining EPO with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) would improve post–myocardial infarction (MI) effects synergistically. Methods: After MI, five to seven animals were randomly assigned to each of the following treatments: control; hCG; EPO; hCG + EPO, and prolactin (PRL) + EPO. Follow-up echocardiograms were performed to assess cardiac structure and function. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and western blot analysis for apoptosis-related proteins, and cell proliferation by immunostaining for Ki67 and c-kit cells. Results: The MI-mediated increased chamber systolic dimension (p < 0.05 in controls) was attenuated by hCG, EPO, and hCG + EPO (p < 0.05 vs. control) but not PRL + EPO. Similarly all treatment groups, except PRL + EPO, reduced MI-induced increases (p < 0.05 vs. control) in ejection fraction (EF). The functional improvement in the EPO-treated groups was accompanied by increased capillary density. Apoptosis was markedly reduced in all treated groups. Significantly more cardiac c-kit+ cells were found in the hCG + EPO group. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that EPO, hCG, or their combination ameliorate cardiac remodeling post-MI. Whereas EPO stimulates neovascularization only and hCG + EPO stimulates c-kit+ cell proliferation. These data suggest that combining mobilizing and proliferative agents adds to the durability and sustainability of cytokine-based therapies for remodeling post-MI. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 168–174
The Effect of Stochastic Wind Generation on Ramping Costs and the System Benefits of Storage

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate 1) how adding storage capacity to a network can mitigate the variability of wind generation and increase the system benefits, and 2) how the stochastic characteristics of the wind generation affect the system benefits of storage capacity. Two types of storage are considered. One represents utility-scale storage that is collocated at the wind sites, and the other represents an identical amount of deferrable demand located at load centers. The simulation is based on a multi-period, stochastic, Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) and a reduction of the NPCC network. The results demonstrate that storage capacity can dispatch more wind, mitigate the ramping costs associated with wind variability, and reduce the amount of reserve capacity needed. Deferrable demand can further enhance the system operation, by flattening the typical daily pattern of load, reducing the peak system load and reducing the amount of installed capacity needed on the supply side.
Some physical properties of gumbo fruit varieties

Abstract Some physical properties of gumbo fruit varieties were evaluated as functions of moisture content. The average length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, unit mass and volume of gumbo fruits of Sultani were 32.16, 9.98, 8.14, 13.77 mm, 0.61 g and 3.46 cm 3 respectively. Corresponding values for Amasya varieties were 9.02, 6.42, 5.90, 6.99 mm, 0.12 g and 0.47 cm 3 respectively in the moisture range from 11.3% to 50% dB. Studies on re-wetted gumbo fruits of Sultani variety that the bulk density increased from 174 to 193 kg/m 3 , true density 617–684 kg/m 3 , thousand fruit weight increased from 570 to 945 g, projected area increased from 2.06 to 2.96 cm 2 , and terminal velocity increased from 7.30 to 9.29 m/s; for the Amasya variety, the corresponding values changed from 267 to 289 kg/m 3 , 807–971 kg/m 3 , 113.9–233.5g, 0.81–0.98 cm 2 and from 5.76 to 5.83 m/s respectively. The rupture strength of gumbo fruits decreased as increasing moisture content. The dynamic coefficient of friction varied from 0.28 to 0.47 for Sultani variety fruits, and from 0.27 to 0.40 for Amasya variety over different surface in the moisture range 13.3–50.0% dB.
Computational methods in transient electromagnetics. A selective survey

We can now solve real-life problems in electromagnetics at all levels of complexity. Several popular algorithms are available to deal with the transient-scattering problem. They all solve either differential or integral equations in one form or another. No one method is best in all situations. Since only differential or integral equations are involved in the final solution, the methods described in this paper should be of considerable interest to other areas of science as well. Each of the methods available for predicting transient behaviors and responses has certain advantages and disadvantages, so an approach must be chosen carefully, depending on the problem complexity. >
3D diffraction tomography for visualization of contrast media

In x-ray CT, the ability to selectively isolate a contrast agent signal from the surrounding soft tissue and bone can greatly enhance contrast visibility and enable quantification of contrast concentration. We present here a 3D diffraction tomography implementation for selectively retaining volumetric diffraction signal from contrast agent particles that are within a banded size range while suppressing the background signal from soft tissue and bone. For this purpose, we developed a CT implementation of a single-shot x-ray diffraction imaging technique utilizing gratings. This technique yields both diffraction and absorption images from a single grating-modulated projection image through analysis in the spatial frequency domain. A solution of iron oxide nano-particles, having very different x-ray diffraction properties from tissue, was injected into ex vivo chicken wing and in vivo rat specimens respectively and imaged in a 3D diffraction CT setup. Following parallel beam reconstruction, it is noted that while the soft tissue, bone and contrast media are observed in the absorption volume reconstruction, only the contrast media is observed in the diffraction volume reconstruction. This 3D diffraction tomographic reconstruction permits the visualization and quantification of the contrast agent isolated from the soft tissue and bone background.
Sub-5-pm linewidth, 130-nm-tuning of a coupled-cavity Ti:sapphire oscillator via volume Bragg grating-based feedback

A novel coupled-cavity Ti:sapphire oscillator architecture featuring a volume Bragg grating as a feedback element is presented. The oscillator provides continuous wave lasing within a spectral linewidth as narrow as 5 pm. The output can be wavelength-tuned over an ultrabroad spectral range of 130 nm, extending from 714 to 842 nm. This unique combination of narrow spectral linewidth and wide tuning range makes the laser suitable for applications such as sensing and Raman and absorption spectroscopy. The laser also displays ideal TEM00 mode operation throughout its tuning range with output powers beyond 300 mW. Detailed studies of the cw lasing dynamics across the wide tuning range are described. The general architecture of this design can be implemented for high resolution tuning across the broad spectral emission bands of other solid state lasers with single mode operation.