cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
12-month prevalence, trends, gender differences, and the impact of mental health services on intimate partner violence perpetration among discharged psychiatric inpatients

Minimal research has examined partner violence committed by individuals with severe mental illness. This study examined rates of IPV in the first year post-discharge from psychiatric hospitalization, trends over time, gender differences, and the impact of follow-up mental health services. One in five (20.3 %) patients committed at least one act of IPV in the first year. Whereas women were more than twice as likely to perpetrate IPV, men were nearly twice as likely to be violent toward non-family members. Risk of IPV was highest immediately post-discharge and decreased over time, with the sharpest decline after 20 weeks in the community. Mental health treatment was associated with a 40 % decrease and medication non-adherence a 50 % increase in risk for IPV. Partner violence is a prevalent concern among discharged psychiatric patients, and these findings suggest that coordinated risk management efforts should focus on the time immediately following hospital discharge.
Testing the neo-Gricean pragmatic theory of anaphora: The influence of consistency constraints on interpretations of coreference in Spanish

Abstract This article examines the second half of a set of data from a study carried out to seek evidence of the neo-Gricean pragmatic principles proposed by Levinson (1987a,b, 1991) to account for the interpretation of NP anaphora. Whereas Blackwell (2000) addresses native speakers' interpretations of Spanish non-clitic reflexives versus pronouns when used in the same linguistic environment, the data analyzed in this article involves the interpretation of Spanish null subjects, pronouns, and lexical NPs. The objective of this portion of the study is to determine whether Levinson's predictions of coreference and non-coreference, which, Levinson argues, arise from the interaction of neo-Gricean principles, are supported by hearers' interpretations of coreference in Spanish utterances. An oral comprehension test for the interpretation of anaphoric NPs in Spanish utterances was devised and administered to 105 native speakers in northeastern Spain. The results reveal that, although evidence of several of Levinson's neo-Gricean sub-maxims is reflected in the data, his prediction of non-coreference from the use of a marked NP is often canceled by semantic and pragmatic 'consistency constraints' on coreference, as suggested by Huang (1991, 1994). The listeners' interpretations of coreference can be attributed primarily to inferences arising from the influence of one or more consistency constraints on coreference, as opposed to inferences based on the use of a marked lexical NP instead of an unmarked, minimal form. The central role that consistency
Sub-micrometer solid-state adhesive bonding with aromatic thermosetting copolyesters for the assembly of polyimide membranes in silicon-based devices

An adhesive bonding process is presented that utilizes sub-micrometer thick bondlines of all-aromatic thermosetting copolyesters (ATSP) for the assembly of polyimide membranes in silicon-based sensors and actuators. Due to the unique ability of ATSP to form void-free self-adhesive bonds through solid-state interchain transesterification reactions, sub-micrometer adhesive bonding technology offers new avenues for the precision assembly of high-performance, three-dimensional microscopic and mesoscopic devices. As a model process, PMDA-ODA polyimide membranes, 4-6??m thick, are fabricated on glass carrier substrates, selectively bonded, transferred, and assembled on bulk-micromachined silicon substrates in the fabrication of mesoscopic circular diaphragm structures, 2-8?mm in diameter. Experimental load-deflection behavior of adhesively bonded polyimide diaphragms demonstrate that assembled membranes exhibit a tensile residual stress of 19?MPa, a value roughly equal to that measured for a PMDA-ODA polyimide film (derived from a thermally imidized polyamic acid precursor) deposited directly on silicon. Using a standard blister-type peel test, the debond energy range of an assembled polyimide membrane is shown to be 15-23?J?m-2, approximately 15-25% of the debond energy measured for a PMDA-ODA polyimide film deposited directly on a silicon substrate with a native oxide surface.
Analytical Description of Multidegree Bilinear Hysteretic System

Physically based analytical models capable of describing the behavior of general bilinear hysteretic systems are formulated. The formulation includes the effects of pinching, stiffness degradation, and load deterioration. The type of pinching considered is the one due to unequalness of strengths for loading in opposite directions. This pinching is represented in terms of a strength ratio. Stiffness degradation and load deterioration are described in terms of functions of total absorbed hysteretic energy. All of the system parameters are in terms of definite physical materials or system properties, which can be measured through tests. To show that the proposed analytical model can provide realistic descriptions of the performance of multi-degree-of-freedom systems, examples of a three-degree-of-freedom system subjected to harmonic loads as well as blast loads are presented.
Effect of pupil dilation on macular choroidal thickness measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography in normal and glaucomatous eyes

To compare choroidal thickness before and after pupil dilation. Macular subfoveal, nasal, temporal and average choroidal thicknesses were measured in one eye of 17 healthy individuals and 40 glaucoma patients using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography before and after pupil dilation. Comparisons were made between pre- and post-dilation measurements, and between normal and glaucomatous eyes. No statistically significant differences were found between pre- and post-dilation choroidal thickness measurements both in normal (p = 0.361 for subfoveal, 0.760 for nasal, 0.941 for temporal, 0.881 for average) and glaucomatous eyes (p = 0.687 for subfoveal, 0.340 for nasal, 0.913 for temporal, and 0.642 for average). After adjusting for age, the comparison between normal and glaucomatous eyes showed no significant differences in measurements both before (p = 0.701–0.907) and after pupil dilation (p = 0.757–0.988). Similar results were obtained for measurements unadjusted for age. Measurements obtained under the two conditions correlated well in normal (r = 0.92–0.97, p < 0.001) and in glaucomatous eyes (r = 0.84–0.98, p < 0.001). Bland–Altman analyses showed good agreements between them in both groups of eyes, with mean difference ranges of 0.43–2.86 and 0.39–3.08 μm between pre- and post-dilation measurements in normal and glaucomatous eyes, respectively. Subfoveal and average choroidal thickness decreased significantly by 2 μm/year. Each millimeter increase in axial length decreased subfoveal choroidal thickness by 16.5 μm and average thickness by 14.1 μm. Macular choroidal thicknesses measured before and after pupil dilation are comparable and may be used interchangeably without significant discrepancies both in normal and glaucomatous eyes.
Accuracy requirements in position and attitude for airborne vector gravimetry and gradiometry

Airborne measurements of the gravitation vector and its gradients require auxiliary measurements of position and attitude, not just for registration (geolocation) purposes, but also to separate gravitational from kinematic accelerations (and gradients) according to the principle of equivalence. Very precise positioning is needed to compute accelerations by numerical differentiation, and very accurate angular rates are needed to compute orientation (by integration) and angular acceleration (by differentiation). GPS positioning and gyro data can be used for these purposes, but limits in accuracy of current technology thus also constrain the useful performance of the principal gravimetric sensors. This paper reviews the theory of airborne gravimetry and gradiometry, the sensitivities of various components of the gravitation vector, and the gradient tensor to position and attitude (rate) errors. Generally, one may conclude that scalar gravimetry and vector gravimetry are limited by orientation error coupled to the acceleration environment of the vehicle, as well as positioning (i.e., kinematic acceleration) uncertainty, while gradiometry depends, instead, on very precise angular rates of the measurement frame. The necessary error tradeoff between future developments in gradiometers and gyro technology is thereby also illustrated and shows that present gyro technology is sufficient to meet requirements for existing airborne gradiometers, but requires improvement for future gradient sensors.
Density functional theory study of vibrational spectra part 5. Structure, dipole moment, and vibrational assignment of azulene

Abstract Density functional theory (DFT) calculations (using Becke's exchange in conjunction with Lee-Yang-Parr's correlation functional (BLYP) and Becke's three-parameter hybrid DFT/HF method using Lee-Yang-Parr's correlation functional (B3LYP)) have been carried out to investigate the structure, dipole moment, and vibrational spectrum of azulene. Structural parameters obtained by both BLYP/6-31G∗ and B3LYP/6-31G∗ geometry optimization are in good agreement with available experimental data and show clearly the aromatic nature (bond equalization), a property the Hartree-Fock theory fails to describe correctly. The BLYP/6-31G∗ and B3LYP/6-31G∗ dipole moments are within experimental uncertainty and are in good agreement with results obtained from the much more expensive MP2 and MR-SDCI calculations. Most of the BLYP/6-31G∗ vibrational frequencies are in excellent agreement with available experimental assignments. On the basis of the calculated results, assignments of some missing frequencies in the experimental studies are proposed.
ABERRANT COBALAMIN METABOLISM WITH HOMOCYSTINURIA AND METHYMALONIC ACIDURIA

Marked elevations in serum vitamin B12 (2523 pg/ml) and total serum folate (60 ng/ml) were noted in a malnourished, hypotonic eight month old hispanic male with macrocytic anemia. A positive urine nitroprusside screen was followed by measurements of homocystine(HCy)(36.5μmol/d), elevated cystathionine (40.8μmol/d) and methylmalonic acid(MMA) (457 mg/d) in 24h urine collections. This excretion of HCy and MMA suggested an aberration in vitamin B12 handling since both pathways require cobalamin(Cbl) cofactors. Analysis of pretreatment serum by TLC and bioautography showed more than half the Cbl present migrated with the cyano-form(CN-Cbl), a marked reduction in the HCy cofactor(MeCbl) and a nearly normal percent of MMA cofactor(AdoCbl). Family screening studies did not reveal comparable levels of HCy or MMA. HCy loading indicated a delayed maternal methionine clearance. A 90% reduction in 24h MMA excretion followed intramuscular hydroxocobalamin(OHCbl) but no consistent reduction in plasma or urine HCy was achieved on an unregulated diet. Anemia and macro-cytosis resolved as muscle tone, auditory responsiveness and nutritive sucking improved with alternate day OHCbl therapy. Our patient is most like "Cbl-C" variants previously described with severe multi-system involvement. Early macrocytic anemia, elevated serum vitamin B12, and a unique cobalamin pattern suggest a potential new variant in this metabolic pathway.
Confronting the 'sugar daddy' stereotype: age and economic asymmetries and risky sexual behavior in urban Kenya.

Context: "Sugar daddy" relationships which are characterized by large age and economic asymmetries between partners are believed to be a major factor in the spread of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. Information is needed about sugar daddy partnerships-and about age and economic symmetries more generally-to determine how common they are and whether they are related to unsafe sexual behavior. Methods: The sample comprised 1052 men and aged 21-45 who were surveyed in Kisumu Kenya in 2001. Data on these men and their 1614 recent nonmarital partnerships were analyzed to calculate the prevalence of sugar daddies and sugar daddy relationships as well as a range of age and economic disparities within nonmarital partnerships. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess relationships between condom use at last sexual intercourse and various measures of age and economic asymmetry. Results: The mean age difference between nonmarital sexual partners was 5.5 years and 47% of mens female partners were adolescents. Fourteen percent of partnerships involved an age difference of at least 10 years and 23% involved more than the mean amount of male-to-female material assistance. Men who reported at least one partnership with both these characteristics were defined as sugar daddies and made up 5% of the sample; sugar daddy relationships accounted for 4% of partnerships. Sugar daddy partnerships and the largest age and economic asymmetries were constructed were associated with decreased odds of condom use. Conclusions: Although sugar daddy relationships are not as pervasive as generally assumed age and economic asymmetries in nonmarital partnerships are relatively common. All these types of asymmetries are associated with nonuse of condoms. Increasing womens power within asymmetric sexual relationships could improve their ability to negotiate safer sexual behaviors such as condom use. (authors)
Glial cells in the earthworm ventral nerve cord make an A‐type nexus

Nexuses have been demonstrated between glial cell processes in the earthworm ventral nerve cord. The nexuses have been demonstrated by freeze-cleavage to be A-type neuxuses, thus demonstrating for the first time the type of nexus present in the Annelida. If the nexal cleavage pattern has physiological significance then the results suggest that physiologically the nexuses of the earthworm may be similar to those of vertebrates.
Apolipoprotein E Inhibits Platelet-derived Growth Factor-induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Proliferation by Suppressing Signal Transduction and Preventing Cell Entry to G1 Phase

The anti-atherogenic effects of apolipoprotein (apo) E have been attributed to its ability to reduce plasma cholesterol level and to limit foam cell formation. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if apoE also may have cytostatic functions that could attenuate vascular occlusive diseases. Purified apoE inhibited smooth muscle cell migration directed to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or oxidized LDL (oxLDL) (p
Daily variation of, photoperiod and pinealectomy effects on, hypothalamic monoamine oxidase activity in the goldfish☆

Abstract 1. The effects of photoperiod acclimation, pinealectomy, and sampling time on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the basal medial lobe of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) hypothalamus were examined. 2. A significant daily variation in MAO activity was observed in fish exposed to a long, but not the short photoperiod. 3. MAO activity was depressed in fish exposed to a short, as compared to a long photoperiod. 4. Pinealectomy elevated hypothalamic MAO activity in fish exposed to a short photoperiod, but had no obvious effect on enzyme activity in fish exposed to a long photoperiod. 5. The effects of pinealectomy on hypothalamic MAO activity seem to vary with season.
A MEDICAL STUDENT HONOR CODE

The integration of an honor code in medical school curricula might be a means to enhance the moral education of medical students. In recent years, the subject of medical ethics has seen a rebirth; not only is the literature replete with material but the training of physicians is centered in no small way upon the inculcation of a core set of values that will accompany students throughout their careers. However, medical ethics as currently taught remains abstract and, often, intangible for young physicians in training. This article will address the means by which the use of an honor code in modern medical schooling might foster a more virtuous and ethical individual and, in turn, physician.
Temperature Dependence of the Damping of Nonlinear Lattice Resonance in Ionic Crystals

A general expression for the $n\mathrm{th}$-order nonlinear complex-susceptibility tensor is derived by use of many-time temperature-dependent Green's functions. The damping constant for nonlinear absorption is obtained from the susceptibility tensor. It is shown that the $n\mathrm{th}$-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor is generated from lower-order Green's functions and that the explicit temperature dependence of the damping constant is not affected by increasing the strength of the applied field. It is found, by observing the frequency dependence of the susceptibility, that the frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ of the applied field is converted into $n\mathrm{th}$-harmonic waves of frequency $n\ensuremath{\omega}$.
Developmental Norms for the Acoustic Reflex

Acoustic reflexes were observed in 45 infants between the ages of 12 and 36 weeks. As age increased, smaller ranges of signal levels were needed to elicit the reflex and less intensity was required, but a noise stimulus did not show age-related changes. Stimulus frequency was not a source of variation of response. The reflex arc has undergone maturation by 12 weeks of age and continues to mature to 36 weeks.Les reflexes acoustiques ont ete etudies chez 45 enfants aˇges de 12 a 36 semaines. Plus l'aˇge augmentait, plus les intensites necessaires pour eliciter un reflexe etaient faibles et plus leur variation diminuait, mais avec les stimulations par bruit on n'a pas observe de modifications liees a l'aˇge. La frequence du stimulus n'etait pas non plus une source de variation des reponses. L'arc reflexe a muri a l'aˇge de 12 semaines et continue sa maturation jusqu'a 36 semaines.
Estimation of sedimentation rates in the distributary basin of the Mississippi River, the Atchafalaya River Basin, USA.

The Atchafalaya River Basin (ARB) is the largest distributary basin of the Mississippi River composing anastomosing channels, backwater swamps, freshwater marshes, and wetland forests. Sedimentation in the ARB has presented management issues concerning habitat changes from open water areas to bottomland hardwood forests. A thorough understanding of sediment transport and deposition in the basin is not only required for proper management of the ARB, but is crucial for regional sediment budgets that affect the Mississippi River Delta Plain. In this study, we calculated 31 years (1980–2010) of total suspended sediment (TSS) inflow and outflow of the Atchafalaya River to quantify the long-term sediment retention in the basin. We then estimated sedimentation rates in the basin by spatially relating the retention with changes of turbid water area derived from Landsat imagery. The study found an annual average TSS inflow of 54.0 megatonnes (MT) and an annual average TSS outflow of 48.7 MT, resulting in an average annual retention of 5.3 MT. Spatially derived mean sedimentation rates were estimated between 0.06 and 0.153 mm d−1. The spatial estimates for sedimentation proved promising and with more sediment data available could become an invaluable tool for managing the ARB in the future.
ACUTE EFFECTS OF CORTICOSTEROID MIXTURES AND THE 17-SPIROLACTONE SC-8109 ON SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND WATER EXCRETION IN ADRENALECTOMIZED, WATERLOADED RATS

Multiple interrelationships of cortisol and corticosterone, aldosterone and DCA, and the 17-spirolactone, SC-8109, on water and electrolyte excretion were studied in the water-loaded adrenalectomized rat. The results are compatible with the postulate that DCA and aldosterone cause increased sodium reabsorption, with which SC-8109 interferes at a renal tubular site. SC-8109 does not prevent the natriuresis caused by cortisol or corticosterone.
Electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma deposition of a-Si:H and a-SiC:H films

The paper reports electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) deposition of a-Si:H and a-SiC:H thin films using SiH4, CH4, and hydrogen mixed gas plasmas. The ECR deposition conditions were investigated in the pressure region of 0.1 to 100 mtorr, and the film properties were characterized by light and dark conductivity measurements, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, optical transmission, and IR spectroscopy. In addition, the hydrogen dilution effect on ECR-deposited a-SiC:H was investigated.
Comparison of buffers on rumen functions, turnover rate and gastric secretions in Holstein steers

Abstract Five Holstein steers (276 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used to study the effect of buffers on rumen parameters, turnover and abomasal gastric secretions. In a 5 × 5 Latin square design, treatments were control, 0.8% magnesium oxide, 0.8% sodium bicarbonate, 0.96% limestone and 0.8% magnesium oxide + 0.8% sodium bicarbonate. Dietary addition of buffers decreased plasma glucose. Addition of 0.8% magnesium oxide and 0.8% sodium bicarbonate increased plasma magnesium. Rumen pH was significantly increased by addition of 0.8% magnesium oxide, either alone or with 0.8% sodium bicarbonate. Buffer addition had no influence on duodenal pH. Dietary addition of magnesium oxide and sodium bicarbonate, either alone or together, increased water intake which caused a significant increase in total rumen fluid outflow, increased estimated rumen volume and caused a faster rumen digesta disappearance rate, especially for the combined buffers. Estimated dry matter volume of rumen and dry matter disappearance was significantly increased by the addition of magnesium oxide. Buffered diets caused a 2-fold increase in gastric secretion. Results suggest that buffers not only alter rumen functions and flow rate, but may also influence digestion in the small intestine by increasing gastric secretions.
Newspeak, 1984, and Technical Writing

Although George Orwell's “Politics and the English Language” offers good advice to writers, the technical writer's situation and use of language are more effectively discussed in 1984 and its Appen...
Expression of the cbbLcbbS and cbbM genes and distinct organization of the cbb Calvin cycle structural genes of Rhodobacter capsulatus

Rhodobacter capsulatus fixes CO2 via the Calvin reductive pentose phosphate pathway and, like some other nonsulfur purple bacteria, is known to synthesize two distinct structural forms of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO). Cosmid clones that hybridized to form I (cbbLcbbS) and form II (cbbM) RubisCO gene probes were isolated from a genomic library of R. capsulatus strain SB1003. Southern blotting and hybridization analysis with gene-specific probes derived from Rhodobacter sphaeroides revealed that R. capsulatus cbbM is clustered with genes encoding other enzymes of the Calvin cycle, including fructose 1,6/sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase (cbbF), phosphoribulokinase (cbbP), transketolase (cbbT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (cbbG), and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (cbbA), as well as a gene (cbbR) encoding a divergently transcribed LysR-type regulatory protein. Surprisingly, a cosmid clone containing the R. capsulatus form I RubisCO genes (cbbL and cbbS) failed to hybridize to the other cbb structural gene probes, unlike the situation with the closely related organism R. sphaeroides. The form I and form II RubisCO genes were cloned into pUC-derived vectors and were expressed in Escherichia coli to yield active recombinant enzyme in each case. Complementation of a RubisCO-deletion strain of R. sphaeroides to photosynthetic growth by R. capsulatus cbbLcbbS or cbbM was achieved using the broad host-range vector, pRK415, and R. sphaeroides expression vector pRPS-1.
Long-term exposure of cortical cell cultures to clonazepam reduces benzodiazepine receptor binding.

Abstract To determine if reduced drug efficacy after long-term exposure to clonazepam may be a consequence of benzodiazepine receptor alterations, cerebral cortical cell cultures were exposed to the drug (200 n M ) for 14 days. Receptor binding was assayed on living cells in situ . After drug exposure, binding in experimental cultures differed markedly from controls with respect to total, specific, and clonazepam-displaceable (neuronal) benzodiazepine binding (60%, 53%, and 6% of control values, respectively) but recovered within 96 h of drug removal. R05-4864-displaceable (nonneuronal) binding was modestly reduced at 0 time (72% of control), but returned to control values in 24 h. The differences in binding could be attributable to a relatively reduced affinity of the high-affinity binding site ( K d ∼ 18 n M for controls and ∼ 30 n M for drug-exposed cultures) but not to changes in the low-affinity binding site or to reduced numbers of receptors.
Depressive Symptoms After a Myocardial Infarction and Self-care

This descriptive study examined depressive symptoms impacting the performance of self-care behaviors in patients ( N = 62) who have experienced a myocardial infarction (MI). Having had a prior MI is inversely associated with decreased self-care behaviors at 30 days. Depressive symptoms of agitation and loss of energy significantly impacted self-care performance 30 days after discharge from the hospital. A variance of 21% ( P
Water balance and humidity requirements of house dust mites

The house dust mites,Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus andEuroglyphus maynei, are prevalent in homes in humid geographical areas throughout the world. These mites thrive in humid environments in human dwellings where there is no liquid water to drink. However, their bodies contain 70–75% water by weight, which must be maintained in order to reproduce. Their primary source of water is water vapor which is actively extracted from unsaturated air. At relative humidities above 65–70%, adequate amounts of water can be extracted from unsaturated air to compensate for that lost by all avenues. Active uptake is associated with ingestion of a hyperosmotic solution which is secreted by the supracoxal glands. Active mites do not survive longer than 6–11 days at RHs ≤50%. They survive extended dry periods by forming a desiccation-resistant protonymphal stage which can survive for months at RHs below the critical humidity for active stages. Feeding rate and allergen production is directly influenced by RH. Mites feed, multiply, and produce more fecal matter at higher RHs than at lower ones.
Herbivores and the Spatial Distributions of the Phytoplankton. I. The Plankton Market

The purpose of this paper is to argue that planktonic herbivores view the phytoplankton distributions from a diffusing, i.e. turbulent, coordinate system which transforms spatial aspects of the phytoplankton distributions into temporal ones
Comparing the heat of combustion of fossil fuels to the heat accumulated by their lifecycle greenhouse gases

Abstract We compare the heat released directly due to combustion of fossil fuels to the heat accumulated indirectly in the earth system due to the effect of greenhouse gases (GHGs) associated with the fuels. We differentiate between GHG emissions from the combustion products of fossil fuels and from the fuel cycle activities of extracting, processing, and transporting the fuels. We find that the direct release of heat from the combustion of fossil fuels is minor in relation to the indirect accumulation of heat due to radiative forcing. The quantity of indirect heat accumulated by GHGs continues to increase over time, as additional energy is accumulated in the earth system as long as the GHGs remain in the atmosphere. Fuel cycle emissions contribute significantly to total lifecycle GHG emissions and radiative forcing.
Human Factor IX in Animals: Kinetics from Isolated, Radiolabelled Protein and Platelet Destruction following Crude Concentrate Infusions

Summary Crude, concentrated and isolated, labelled human factor IX was prepared and infused into animals. Initially, two dogs with severe haemophilia B received both preparations and factor IX clotting activity and label survived well. Kinetic parameters fit a two-compartment open model. For 12 infusions of concentrates into normal baboons, clotting and antigen data again fit the model. Similar kinetics, with less variability, were found for nine infusions of [125I]factor IX. Radioactivity of the first post-infusion samples was >90% precipitated in the double antibody system with an average of 84% of counts adsorbable to barium citrate. Compared to plasma, barium adsorbable counts gave a shorter t1/2β-elimination phase suggesting a small recirculating 125iodide pool. When [125I]factor IX was rechromatographed over heparin-agarose, variable amounts of altered, labelled protein were present; this species was more rapidly cleared from plasma post-infusion. Twelve infusions of crude concentrates into baboons were given to animals whose platelets had been labelled with 51Cr. Platelet counts as well as survival were then followed. For seven of these animals, mean counts decreased and the labelled platelets were destroyed, to an average of 21%, during the first 4 h post-infusion. Subsequent platelet survival was normal. Three infusions of gel-filtered, crude concentrates and two infusions of ‘activated’commercial concentrates did not significantly alter platelet survival.
DESIGNING CLUSTERS AS SUPERELEMENTS

Atomic clusters formed by agglomeration of atoms constitute a new state of matter with novel properties which depend uniquely on their size, shape, dimensionality, and composition. If clusters could be designed in such a way that they can retain their structure when assembled into a material form, it is possible to envision a new class of solids with clusters as building blocks. These cluster-assembled materials would exhibit rather uncommon properties, thus enlarging the frontiers of material science. Self-consistent calculations have been carried out to study the effect of composition and geometry on the stability and reactivity of clusters. An understanding of the role that atomic and electronic structure play on cluster-cluster interaction would enable us to design cluster materials. This paper deals with the design guidelines, as well as properties of cluster-assembled crystals. It is shown that clusters designed to mimic the properties of known atoms can be viewed as superelements and thus help extend the limits of the current periodic table.
Bone regeneration in strong porous bioactive glass (13-93) scaffolds with an oriented microstructure implanted in rat calvarial defects

There is a need for synthetic bone graft substitutes to repair large bone defects resulting from trauma, malignancy and congenital diseases. Bioactive glass has attractive properties as a scaffold material but factors that influence its ability to regenerate bone in vivo are not well understood. In the present work, the ability of strong porous scaffolds of 13-93 bioactive glass with an oriented microstructure to regenerate bone was evaluated in vivo using a rat calvarial defect model. Scaffolds with an oriented microstructure of columnar pores (porosity=50%; pore diameter=50-150 μm) showed mostly osteoconductive bone regeneration, and new bone formation, normalized to the available pore area (volume) of the scaffolds, increased from 37% at 12 weeks to 55% at 24 weeks. Scaffolds of the same glass with a trabecular microstructure (porosity=80%; pore width=100-500 μm), used as the positive control, showed bone regeneration in the pores of 25% and 46% at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. The brittle mechanical response of the as-fabricated scaffolds changed markedly to an elastoplastic response in vivo at both implantation times. These results indicate that both groups of 13-93 bioactive glass scaffolds could potentially be used to repair large bone defects, but scaffolds with the oriented microstructure could also be considered for the repair of loaded bone.
Dynamic frame selection for in vivo ultrasound temperature estimation during radiofrequency ablation

Minimally invasive therapies such as radiofrequency ablation have been developed to treat cancers of the liver, prostate and kidney without invasive surgery. Prior work has demonstrated that ultrasound echo shifts due to temperature changes can be utilized to track the temperature distribution in real time. In this paper, a motion compensation algorithm is evaluated to reduce the impact of cardiac and respiratory motion on ultrasound-based temperature tracking methods. The algorithm dynamically selects the next suitable frame given a start frame (selected during the exhale or expiration phase where extraneous motion is reduced), enabling optimization of the computational time in addition to reducing displacement noise artifacts incurred with the estimation of smaller frame-to-frame displacements at the full frame rate. A region of interest that does not undergo ablation is selected in the first frame and the algorithm searches through subsequent frames to find a similarly located region of interest in subsequent frames, with a high value of the mean normalized cross-correlation coefficient value. In conjunction with dynamic frame selection, two different two-dimensional displacement estimation algorithms namely a block matching and multilevel cross-correlation are compared. The multi-level cross-correlation method incorporates tracking of the lateral tissue expansion in addition to the axial deformation to improve the estimation performance. Our results demonstrate the ability of the proposed motion compensation using dynamic frame selection in conjunction with the two-dimensional multilevel cross-correlation to track the temperature distribution.
Independently Tunable Annular Slot Antenna Resonant Frequencies Using Fluids

An annular slot antenna with surface integrated fluidic channels is presented. The fluidic channels provide independent, tunable control of the first and second resonant frequencies. Simulation and measurement results for channels filled with air, acetone, or deionized (DI) water are investigated. A tunable range from 3.3 to 4.2 GHz for the first resonance and 5.2 to 8 GHz for the second resonance is demonstrated. The loss tangent effects are also assessed for the fluids in terms of peak realized gain degradation.
Artificial neural networks in chest radiographs: detection and characterization of interstitial lung disease

We have developed a computerized scheme for detection of interstitial lung disease by using artificial neural networks (ANNs) on quantitative analysis of digital image data. Three separate ANNs wee applied for the ANN scheme. The first ANN was trained with horizontal profiles in the ROIs selected from digital chest radiographs. The second ANN was trained with vertical output pattern obtained from the 1st ANN in each ROI. The output from the 2nd ANN was used to distinguish between normal and abnormal ROIs. In order to improve the performance, we attempted a density correction and rib edge removal. The Az value was improved from 0.906 to 0.934 by incorporating density correction. For the classification of each chest image, we employed a rule-based method and a rule-based plus the third ANN method. A high Az value was obtained with the rule-based plus ANN method. The ANNs can learn certain statistical properties associate with patterns of interstitial infiltrates in chest radiographs.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Phase transitions I. Preliminary study of theophylline hydrate—anhydrate system

The phase transformation of theophylline hydrate to an anhydrous form was measured at a variety of temperatures using X-ray powder diffractometry. The conversion rate appeared to be first order with respect to the amount of hydrate present.
Performance analysis of spectrum monitoring for cognitive radios

In-band spectrum sensing protocols require that the secondary users (SU's) periodically suspend their transmission periods and sense the channel in order to determine whether the primary user (PU) has emerged or not. There is a tradeoff between the spectrum sensing period and the throughput of the SU, often referred to as sensing-throughput tradeoff. In this paper, using the receiver error count, we introduce a decision statistic to enable the SU to detect the emergence of the PU without having to interrupt its own communication. We derive closed form formulas for channel utilization of the SU and detection delay of the PU using two Markov chain models. The limits of performance for a system using the proposed decision statistic is derived and an optimization problem is solved to maximize channel utilization with a constraint on detection delay. Numerical results are presented from analysis and simulation which show the accuracy of the analysis and the proficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Motivation for Change: Implications for Substance Abuse Treatment

Psychological science has made significant progress exploring the role of motivation in recovery from substance abuse and dependence over the past 20 years. Although recovery is complicated by physiological and psychological dependence, the intentions and motivation of the abuser are a critical part of this process. Motivation for change plays an important part in the process of recognizing the need for change, seeking treatment, and achieving successful sustained change. This article reviews how motivational readiness to change, as conceptualized within the transtheoretical model, contributes to the process of recovery. Important distinctions between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, imposed and intentional change, and readiness for change versus readiness for treatment are highlighted.
Is the Response of Output to Monetary Policy Asymmetric? Evidence from a Regime-Switching Coefficients Model

This paper adopts a general approach to investigate asymmetry in the leading explanatory power of interest-rate-based indicators of monetary policy for U.S. output. The purpose is to provide robust results by utilizing a model that does not pre-specify a particular condition under which asymmetry arises. In particular, we augment an unobserved-components decomposition of real output into permanent and transitory components with monetary policy indicators. Asymmetry is captured by allowing the coefficients on the policy variables to undergo regime switching. This framework produces a latent state variable that documents when policy actions have led output. In a second stage, we use the estimated latent state variable to jointly evaluate the evidence for three specific types of asymmetry. We find that policy actions taken during periods of cyclical downturn in the economy are more likely to lead output than those taken during cyclical expansions. We also find that during periods of cyclical downturn, large policy actions and contractionary policy actions are more likely to lead output than those that are small or expansionary.
A modification of the relocation test: arthroscopic findings associated with a positive test.

Abstract Thirteen overhand-throwing athletes who failed at least 3 months of physical therapy while restricted from throwing and who demonstrated a positive modified relocation test at 90°, 110°, and/or 120° were clinically and arthroscopically examined. On arthroscopic examination, all patients demonstrated articular surface pathology. Eleven patients had fraying of the undersurface of the rotator cuff, and 10 patients had fraying of the posterosuperior labrum. With 90° shoulder abduction, 8 patients had rotator cuff contact with the posterosuperior labrum. When the shoulder was abducted to 110°, all patients demonstrated such contact. At 120° of abduction, 12 patients revealed contact. The presence or absence of pain during the modified relocation test correlated with the presence or absence of cuff contact with the posterosuperior labrum 79% of the time. Six patients had a positive modified relocation test at all levels of abduction. These patients included 2 with SLAP lesions, 1 with a Bankart lesion, and 1 with a complete tear of the rotator cuff. (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2000;9:263-7.)
Thermodynamic Studies of [H2Rh(diphosphine)2]+ and [HRh(diphosphine)2(CH3CN)]2+ Complexes in Acetonitrile

Thermodynamic studies of a series of [H2Rh(PP)2]+ and [HRh(PP)2(CH3CN)]2+ complexes have been carried out in acetonitrile. Seven different diphosphine (PP) ligands were selected to allow variation of the electronic properties of the ligand substituents, the cone angles, and the natural bite angles (NBAs). Oxidative addition of H2 to [Rh(PP)2]+ complexes is favored by diphosphine ligands with large NBAs, small cone angles, and electron donating substituents, with the NBA being the dominant factor. Large pKa values for [HRh(PP)2(CH3CN)]2+ complexes are favored by small ligand cone angles, small NBAs, and electron donating substituents with the cone angles playing a major role. The hydride donor abilities of [H2Rh(PP)2]+ complexes increase as the NBAs decrease, the cone angles decrease, and the electron donor abilities of the substituents increase. These results indicate that if solvent coordination is involved in hydride transfer or proton transfer reactions, the observed trends can be understood in terms o...
Methyl methacrylate polymerization in nanoporous confinement

Abstract The effect of nanoconfinement on the rate of isothermal polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization is investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Controlled pore glass (CPG) with pore diameters of 13, 50, and 111 nm are used for the confinement of the reaction. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic pore surfaces are studied. The effective reaction rate and the apparent activation energy at low conversions, prior to autoacceleration, are unchanged in hydrophobic pores. On the other hand, in hydrophilic pores, the reaction rate increases by as much as a factor of 8 in the smallest 13 nm hydrophilic pores, and the effective activation energy decreases. For both pore surfaces, the time required to reach autoacceleration decreases with decreasing pore size, with the effect much more pronounced in the hydrophilic pores. The results are consistent with a model of nanoconfined free radical polymerization which accounts for suppressed termination due to a decrease in the diffusivity of nanoconfined chains.
Microsatellite analysis reveals a high incidence of maternal cell contamination in 46,XX products of conception consisting of villi or a combination of villi and membranous material.

Abstract Objective: With the use of microsatellite analysis, we sought to determine the incidence of maternal cell contamination in 46,XX products of conception consisting of villi or a combination of villi and membranous material. Study Design: Deoxyribonucleic acid from cultured fibroblasts of 46,XX products of conception specimens and a corresponding maternal blood sample were obtained from 31 women. Maternal and fetal genotypes for several highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were compared. Results: Maternal cell contamination was present in 26 (89.7%) of the 29 products of conception specimens from which conclusive results were obtained. The contamination appeared to completely obscure the fetal material in 24 of these specimens. Conclusions: A significant proportion of 46,XX karyotypes from products of conception represents maternal cell contamination. When maternal cells rather than fetal cells are karyotyped, no information is gained regarding the chromosome constitution of the abortus, and genetic counseling regarding recurrence risks for future pregnancies may be inaccurate. Thus laboratories should exercise caution when reporting normal female karyotypes on products of conception and should consider using microsatellite analysis to determine whether 46,XX results are truly representative of the fetal karyotype. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:198-203.)
The sociopolitical importance of genetic, phenomenological approaches to science teaching and learning

This article discusses Wolff-Michael Roth’s theoretical framework for a phenomenological, genetic approach to science teaching and learning based on the work of Edmund Husserl. This approach advocates the inclusion of student lifeworlds in science education and underlines the importance of thinking about subjectivity in both science and science education. Roth’s phenomenological approach exposes several important social, political, and cultural questions for science education. Drawing from Edmund Husserl’s philosophy, social theorists, and science education literature, this article discusses some of these important concerns with the goal of highlighting the productive power of a phenomenological approach to science pedagogies.
The folk concepts of intention and intentional action: A cross-cultural study

Recent studies point to a surprising divergence between people's use of the concept of intention and their use of the concept of acting intentionally . It seems that people's application of the concept of intention is determined by their beliefs about the agent's psychological states whereas their use of the concept of acting intentionally is determined at least in part by their beliefs about the moral status of the behavior itself (i.e., by their beliefs about whether the behavior is morally good or morally bad). These findings raise a number of difficult questions about the relationship between the concept of intention and the concept of acting intentionally. The present paper addresses those questions using a variety of different methods, including conceptual analysis, psychological experimentation, and an examination of people's use of certain expressions in other languages.
A Method for Bonding to Dentin and Enamel

The conservation of retention-form dentin in this method could increase patient comfort, reduce treatment time, and lessen fatigue for dentists.
School-based vaccination of young US males: Impact of health beliefs on intent and first dose acceptance

Little is known about adolescent males and their parents with respect to intent and first dose uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine outside of primay care settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential predictors of parental intent to vaccinate (study was conducted in November 2010-December 2012) and of first dose uptake of HPV vaccine among a sample of young adolescent males, 11-15 years of age, who received care at a school-based health center (SBHC). We also examined intent as a potential mediator of the relationships between predictors (health beliefs and perceived spousal agreement) and vaccination. Slightly more than half (n=135 of 249) of parents reported an intention to vaccinate and 28% (n=69) of males received their first dose of the HPV vaccine. Two of three health beliefs were significantly associated with both intention and uptake as was perceived spousal agreement. We found intention to vaccinate was a partial mediatator between the perceived benefits of HPV vaccine and first dose acceptance. We also determined that intent was a strong mediator between both general immunization benefits and perceived spousal agreement and first dose uptake. While vaccine uptake was lower than expected, particularly considering that many barriers to vaccine initiation were eliminated because of the SBHC setting, this rate is higher than in traditional settings. After controlling for intent, only perceived benefits of the HPV vaccine remained a significant predictor of first dose acceptance.
Precise measurement of the b2 deletion in coliphage lambda

Abstract The length of the b2 deletion is 12.0 ± 0.4%λ, as determined by comparison of the electron micrographically measured lengths of the b2+-containing AvaI fragment 3 from phage λ DNA and the corresponding fragment 3′ from λb2. This is equal to approx. 5700 base pairs, when the λ length is calculated as 48 000 base pairs, based on the current sequence data for phage φX174 and the φX174-RFII/λ DNA length ratio.