cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defining "appropriateness": the devil is in the definition.

Context: Despite the widespread use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the appropriateness of these procedures in contemporary practice is unknown. Objective: To assess the appropriateness of PCI in the United States. Design, Setting, and Patients: Multicenter, prospective study of patients within the National Cardiovascular Data Registry undergoing PCI between July 1, 2009, and September 30, 2010, at 1091 US hospitals. The appropriateness of PCI was adjudicated using the appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization. Results were stratified by whether the procedure was performed for an acute (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, or unstable angina with high-risk features) or nonacute indication. Main Outcome Measures: Proportion of acute and nonacute PCIs classified as appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate; extent of hospital-level variation in inappropriate procedures. Results: Of 500 154 PCIs, 355 417 (71.1%) were acute (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 103 245 [20.6%]; non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 105 708 [21.1%]; high-risk unstable angina, 146 464 [29.3%]), and 144 737 (28.9%) were nonacute. For acute indications, 350 469 PCIs (98.6%) were classified as appropriate, 1055 (0.3%) as uncertain, and 3893 (1.1%) as inappropriate. For nonacute indications, 72 911 PCIs (50.4%) were classified as appropriate, 54 988 (38.0%) as uncertain, and 16 838 (11.6%) as inappropriate. The majority of inappropriate PCIs for nonacute indications were performed in patients with no angina (53.8%), low-risk noninvasive stress test results (71.6%), or suboptimal (≤1 medication) antianginal therapy (95.8%). Furthermore, although variation in the proportion of inappropriate PCI across hospitals was minimal for acute procedures, there was substantial hospital variation for nonacute procedures (median hospital rate for inappropriate PCI, 10.8%; interquartile range, 6.0%-16.7%). Conclusions: In this large contemporary US cohort, nearly all acute PCIs were classified as appropriate. For nonacute indications, however, 12% were classified as inappropriate, with substantial variation across hospitals.
FASTBUS Software Review

This paper presents a summary of progress in the definition and implementation of general purpose software to use the data-bus system FASTBUS. It concentrates on the topics considered and developed by the FASTBUS Software Working Group, and implementations of software at the institutions represented in this group.
Blood ethanol concentrations in rats drinking sucrose/ethanol solutions.

Background: The addition of sucrose to ethanol solutions results in a substantial increase in ethanol self-administration by rats that are deprived of neither food nor water. However, if sucrose alters ethanol absorption or metabolism, resulting in blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) not different from those resulting from lower intakes of ethanol/water solutions, then the usefulness of sucrose/ethanol mixtures in increasing ethanol consumption is questionable. The present study was conducted to determine whether the addition of sucrose to ethanol solutions altered BECs in an operant self-administration paradigm. Methods: Tail blood (from male Long-Evans rats) was collected 30 min after the intake of four different solutions, i.e., 5% sucrose/20% ethanol, 5% sucrose/10% ethanol, 2% sucrose/10% ethanol, and 10% ethanol. Results: Ethanol intakes (mean, 1.57 ± 0.21 g/kg) and BECs (mean, 78.4 ± 9.3 mg/100 ml) were highest when 5% sucrose was added to the ethanol solution. Moreover, the ratios between ethanol intakes and resulting BECs were approximately the same for all solutions. Conclusions: These findings indicate that, under the conditions of this procedure, the BEC reached is dependent on the amount of ethanol consumed and is not influenced by the addition of sucrose to the solution.
Rings and wiggles in Hercules A

The first results from extensive observations of Her A, the fourth brightest extragalactic radio source in the sky at low frequencies, made with the Very Large Array of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory are reported. It is found that Her A possesses an unusual jet-dominated morphology instead of the Cygnus-A-like morphology expected for such a powerful radio source. Its two jets are quite different in appearance; one appears to be a continuous twisting jet, while the other suggests repeated ejection of individual plasmons by the central object. The questions raised by the presence of such different morphologies in the same source concerning the generation and evolution of extended extragalactic radio sources are discussed. Variations in the central engine provide the simplest interpretation for some of the features of this object; the role of environmental effects is less clear.
On the numerical solution of coupled eigenvalue differential equations arising in molecular spectroscopy

A method for solving coupled eigenvalue differential equations is given and its relation to an existing technique is shown. Use of the Gram-Schmidt process to overcome the severe instabilities arising in molecular problems is described in detail.
Analysis of the expression of chicken and rat gene products in myoblast × myoblast cell hybrids

Abstract Hybrid cells were isolated by fusing primary chicken myoblasts to HPRT-deficient rat L6 myoblasts and incubating the cells in medium containing HAT and ouabain. All hybrid clones contained both rat and chicken chromosomes and expressed a number of gene products characteristic of both species. Although all clones were capable of fusing spontaneously to form myofibers, immunofluorescence and isoenzyme analysis revealed only the rat forms of skeletal muscle myosin and MM-creatine kinase. No differentiated gene products of chicken origin were detected. Analysis of the expression of chicken HPRT revealed that some hybrid clones were capable of modulating this enzyme activity when switched from HAT medium into thioguanine medium and back into HAT, even though HPRT is normally a constitutively expressed enzyme. Parental control cells were incapable of this modulation phenomenon.
Arterial reconstruction with donor iliac vessels during pancreas transplantation: an intraoperative approach to arterial injury or inadequate flow.

: Background: Outcome of pancreas transplantation (PTX) has improved because of use of novel immunosuppression and advances in surgical technique. It is not uncommon for severe atherosclerosis in patients with type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or the presence of a previously transplanted organ to limit the options for vascular anastomosis. Herein we report the novel application of donor iliac arterial interposition grafts for arterial reconstruction in patients with severe iliac artery arteriosclerosis, and/or previous transplant who develop an arterial injury or stenosis during surgery. Methods: In five patients undergoing PTX, the external iliac artery was severely atherosclerotic and/or occupied by a previous vascular anastomosis. In four of the five patients, an arterial intimal dissection became apparent. The external iliac artery was excised and reconstructed with donor iliac artery interposition graft (end-to-end anastomosis). Pancreas or kidney was engrafted onto this arterial interposition graft (end-to-side anastomosis). Results: There was no operative morbidity related to this surgical approach. All grafts functioned well after transplantation. Distal lower extremities have no evidence of vascular insufficiency with mean follow-up of 26 months (7–45 months). Conclusion: This surgical technique is an acceptable option during PTX for the patient with severe iliac artery arteriosclerosis with intraoperative intimal dissection or stenosis, or perhaps those with challenging arterial access.
The Accumulated Winter Season Severity Index (AWSSI)

AbstractThe character of a winter can be defined by many of its features, including temperature averages and extremes, snowfall totals, snow depth, and the duration between onset and cessation of winter-weather conditions. The accumulated winter season severity index incorporates these elements into one site-specific value that defines the severity of a particular winter, especially when examined in the context of climatological values for that site. Thresholds of temperature, snowfall, and snow depth are assigned points that accumulate through the defined winter season; a parallel index uses temperature and precipitation to provide a snow proxy where snow data are unavailable or unreliable. The results can be analyzed like any other meteorological parameter to examine relationships to teleconnection patterns, determine trends, and create sector-specific applications, as well as to analyze an ongoing winter or any individual winter season to place its severity in context.
Disrupting the CH1 Domain Structure in the Acetyltransferases CBP and p300 Results in Lean Mice with Increased Metabolic Control

Summary Opposing activities of acetyltransferases and deacetylases help regulate energy balance. Mice heterozygous for the acetyltransferase CREB binding protein (CBP) are lean and insulin sensitized, but how CBP regulates energy homeostasis is unclear. In one model, the main CBP interaction with the glucagon-responsive factor CREB is not limiting for liver gluconeogenesis, whereas a second model posits that Ser436 in the CH1 (TAZ1) domain of CBP is required for insulin and the antidiabetic drug metformin to inhibit CREB-mediated liver gluconeogenesis. Here we show that conditional knockout of CBP in liver does not decrease fasting blood glucose or gluconeogenic gene expression, consistent with the first model. However, mice in which the CBP CH1 domain structure is disrupted by deleting residues 342–393 (ΔCH1) are lean and insulin sensitized, as are p300ΔCH1 mutants. CBP ΔCH1/ΔCH1 mice remain metformin responsive. An intact CH1 domain is thus necessary for normal energy storage, but not for the blood glucose-lowering actions of insulin and metformin.
Percutaneous thoracic endovascular aortic repair is not contraindicated in obese patients

Objective There are limited data describing the preclose technique with the Perclose ProGlide device (Abbott Vascular, Redwood City, Calif) in percutaneous thoracic endovascular aortic repair (P-TEVAR), particularly in obese patients, in whom use of this technique is thought to be relatively contraindicated. The purpose of this analysis was to describe our experience with P-TEVAR and to compare outcomes in patients with or without obesity. Methods All TEVAR procedures at a single institution from 2005 to 2011 were reviewed, and P-TEVAR patients were stratified by body mass index (obesity ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ). Preoperative computed tomography scans were analyzed for access vessel depth, calcification, and morphology. Technical success was defined as the ability to achieve hemostasis and to maintain limb perfusion without the need for common femoral artery exposure or obligate surgical repair of the vessel within a 30-day postoperative period. Generalized estimating equations and stepwise logistic regression were used to develop prediction models of preclose failure. Results The review identified 536 patients, in whom 355 (66%) P-TEVAR procedures were completed (366 arteries; n = 40 [11%] bilateral). Compared with nonobese patients (n = 264), obese patients (n = 91) were typically younger (59 ± 16 years vs 66 ± 16 years; P = .0004) and more likely to have renal insufficiency (28% vs 17%; P = .05) or diabetes mellitus (19% vs 9%; P = .02). The number of Perclose deployments was similar between groups ( P = NS). Mean sheath size (25.4F vs 25.0F; P = .04), access vessel inner diameters (8.5 ± 1.9 mm vs 7.9 ± 2.0 mm; P = .02), and vessel depth (50 ± 20 mm vs 30 ± 13 mm; P P = .2). Overall technical success was 92% (92% for nonobese patients vs 93% for obese patients; P = .7). Three patients required subsequent operations for access complications, two obese patients (2%) and one nonobese patient (0.4%) ( P = .3). Independent predictors of failure were adjunctive iliac stent (odds ratio [OR], 9.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3-27.8; P P = .0005), and smaller access vessel diameter to sheath size ratio (OR multiplies by 1.1 for each .01 decrease in ratio; 95% CI, 1.02-1.2; P = .007) (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = .75). Conclusions Obesity is not a contraindication to P-TEVAR. P-TEVAR can be performed safely, despite the need for larger diameter sheaths. However, patients predicted to need adjunctive stenting or possessing smaller access vessel diameter to sheath size ratios are at highest risk of preclose failure with the Perclose ProGlide device, and selective use of this technique is recommended.
Teaching Quebec Film. Reflections of an American Academic

Apres avoir fait etat des origines de son interet pour le cinema quebecois, l’auteur aborde plusieurs films qu’il a utilises au cours des annees dans ses classes d’etudiantes inscrit(e)s au premier cycle (Mon oncle Antoine, Pour la suite du monde et Sonatine) selon les points de vue a la fois de son interet personnel, comme enseignant et de leur reception aupres de ses etudiants. En conclusion, il developpe un argument en faveur de la « transparence culturelle » des films destines au marche international
The structure of the terminal regions of the encephalitogenic A1 protein.

Abstract The polypeptide chain of the encephalitogenic basic protein from bovine spinal cord was cleved at the 2 methionine residues yielding 3 peptides (CB1, CB2, CB3). The sequence of the N-terminal region was established as N-acetyl-Ala-Ser-Ala-Gln-Lys using peptide CB1 (22 residues). The amino acid sequence of the C-terminal region of the A1 protein was established as (Lys, Ala, Ileu)-Leu-Val-His-Phe-Met-Ala-Arg-Arg-OH using carboxypeptidases and peptide CB3, a tripeptide with sequence Ala-Arg-Arg. Peptide CB2 (116 residues), located between peptides CB1 and CB3, was highly encephalitogenic in guinea pigs and reveals that the disease-inducing site remains unaltered.
Postnatal changes in neonatal acylcarnitine profile.

Electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry represents a powerful method for detection of inborn errors of fatty acid metabolism. In the present study, it was used to examine neonatal carnitine metabolism, which reflects fatty acid metabolism. In 70 healthy neonates, blood samples were taken from the umbilical cord and by heel-stick puncture in full-term neonates on postnatal d 5. Cord blood specimens were also obtained from 15 preterm and 10 small-for-gestational-age infants. Acylcarnitine concentrations were measured in dried blood spots by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with cord blood, the levels of nearly all acylcarnitine species were significantly higher on the postnatal d 5, whereas free carnitine remained unchanged. Total acylcarnitine/free carnitine-ratio increased, whereas the free carnitine/total carnitine-ratio (0.54 ± 0.05;p < 0.01) further decreased. A reduced availability of free carnitine in the early neonatal period may affect fatty acid oxidation and thus be of potential pathophysiological relevance under conditions with higher energy demands, e.g. in sepsis. Cord blood concentrations of free carnitine, total carnitine, and total acylcarnitines were strongly related to birth weight (p < 0.01). Lower umbilical artery pH, i.e. mild hypoxia, caused accumulation of mainly long-chain acylcarnitines. This implicates that long-chain acylcarnitines could serve as a parameter of perinatal asphyxia.
Three-state Kinetic Folding Mechanism of the H2A/H2B Histone Heterodimer: the N-terminal Tails Affect the Transition State Between a Dimeric Intermediate and the Native Dimer

The H2A/H2B heterodimer is a component of the nucleosome core particle, the fundamental repeating unit of chromatin in all eukaryotic cells. The kinetic folding mechanism for the H2A/H2B dimer has been determined from unfolding and refolding kinetics as a function of urea using stopped-flow, circular dichroism and fluorescence methods. The kinetic data are consistent with a three-state mechanism: two unfolded monomers associate to form a dimeric intermediate in the dead-time of the SF instrument (∼5 ms); this intermediate is then converted to the native dimer by a slower, first-order reaction. Analysis of the burst-phase amplitudes as a function of denaturant indicates that the dimeric kinetic intermediate possesses ∼50% of the secondary structure and ∼60% of the surface area burial of the native dimer. The stability of the dimeric intermediate is ∼30% of that of the native dimer at the monomer concentrations employed in the SF experiments. Folding-to-unfolding double-jump experiments were performed to monitor the formation of the native dimer as a function of folding delay times. The double-jump data demonstrate that the dimeric intermediate is on-pathway and obligatory. Formation of a transient dimeric burst-phase intermediate has been observed in the kinetic mechanism of other intertwined, segment-swapped, α-helical, DNA-binding dimers, such as the H3–H4 histone dimer, Escherichia coli factor for inversion stimulation and E. coli Trp repressor. The common feature of a dimeric intermediate in these folding mechanisms suggests that this intermediate may accelerate protein folding, when compared to the folding of archael histones, which do not populate a transient dimeric species and fold more slowly.
Self-induced vomiting and subclinical bulimia following gastroplasty surgery for morbid obesity: A case description and report of a multi-component cognitive-behavioral treatment strategy

This article presents a case report of an individual who developed a pattern of self-induced vomiting subsequent to gastroplasty surgery for morbid obesity. A description of the history, symptomatology, and disordered eating pattern is provided along with the clinical outcome from a cognitive-behavioral intervention. The results are discussed with regard to the need for future evaluation of eating behavior patterns in postgastroplasty patients. It was concluded that the syndrome is similar in many respects to the bulimic pattern observed in normal weight females.
674: Obesity does not worsen outcomes in diabetic pregnancies

women who were 13 at 6 mo or 1 yr, had a higher score at 1 mo compared to women who stayed screen negative (8 vs. 4) (p 0.001). Median EPDS at 6 and 12 mo PP were persistently higher for those who screened positive at 1 mo PP (9 vs 4 at each time point). Contrary to prior reports, being high risk for PPD at 1 mo was not associated with PP weight retention at 1 yr. However, high risk EPDS scores at 1 mo were associated with less maternal sleep at 6 mo PP, a higher likelihood of smoking (p .05), not using birth control (p .01), and becoming pregnant again by 6 mo PP (p .05). CONCLUSION: Postpartum depression signals a series of risks to the mother, including ongoing depression, inadequate sleep, smoking, and rapid repeat pregnancies. All are of high relevance to obstetric providers and demand additional focus and intervention.
The Effects of Combined Cyclic Stretch and Pressure on the Aortic Valve Interstitial Cell Phenotype

Aortic valve interstitial cells (VIC) can exhibit phenotypic characteristics of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Others have proposed that valve cells become activated and exhibit myofibroblast or fibroblast characteristics during disease initiation and progression; however, the cues that modulate this phenotypic change remain unclear. We hypothesize that the mechanical forces experienced by the valve play a role in regulating the native phenotype of the valve and that altered mechanical forces result in an activated phenotype. Using a novel ex vivo cyclic stretch and pressure bioreactor, we subjected porcine aortic valve (AV) leaflets to combinations of normal and pathological stretch and pressure magnitudes. The myofibroblast markers α-SMA and Vimentin, along with the smooth muscle markers Calponin and Caldesmon, were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Tissue structure was analyzed using Movat’s pentachrome staining. We report that pathological stretch and pressure inhibited the contractile and possibly myofibroblast phenotypes as indicated by downregulation of the proteins α-SMA, Vimentin, and Calponin. In particular, Calponin downregulation implies depolymerization of actin filaments and possible conversion to a more synthetic (non-contractile) phenotype. This agreed well with the increase in spongiosa and fibrosa thickness observed under elevated pressure and stretch that are typically indicative of increased matrix synthesis. Our study therefore demonstrates how cyclic stretch and pressure may possibly act together to modulate the AVIC phenotype.
Role of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α in control of the pregnane X receptor during fetal liver development

Abstract The fetal liver, the major site of hematopoiesis during embryonic development, acquires additional functions near birth. Among the important liver functions is the response to xenobiotic exposure due to expression of several cytochromes P450 (CYP) and drug efflux transporters. Expression of these genes is regulated by nuclear receptors such as the pregnane X receptor (PXR). In this study, regulation of xenobiotic responses during fetal liver development was analyzed using a fetal hepatocyte primary culture system derived from embryonic day 15 (E15) livers. Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 4α regulates the expression of many genes preferentially in the liver. Expression of several xenobiotic response genes as well as HNF4α was increased in fetal hepatocytes stimulated by the hepatic maturation factors oncostatin M (OSM) and Matrigel. To determine the contribution of HNF4α to xenobiotic responses in the fetal liver, fetal hepatocytes containing floxed HNF4α alleles were cultured and the HNF4α gene was inactivated by infection with an adenovirus containing the Cre gene. Expression of CYP3A11 and PXR was suppressed by inactivation of HNF4α. An HNF4α binding site was characterized in the PXR promoter and found to be required for activation of the PXR promoter in fetal hepatocytes. In conclusion, HNF4α is the key transcription factor regulating responses to xenobiotics through activation of the PXR gene during fetal liver development. (H epatology 2003;37:1375-1384.)
Hydrogen selenide ion and colloidal selenium in the catalytic oxidation of thiols

Abstract The ability of selenium to act as a catalytic agent is an important factor in understanding the biological role of selenium as an essential trace element. Using polarography, we have found that hydrogen selenide ion (HSe−) and its oxidation product, colloidal elemental selenium, can catalyze the aerobic oxidation of thiols like glutathione (GSH) and dithiothreitol (DTT). Under certain conditions, thiols can drive the reduction of colloidal selenium to give selenide, which subsequently reacts rapidly with oxygen to regenerate colloidal selenium; this catalytic cycle results in an increased rate of thiol oxidation. The state of aggregation of the lyophobic colloidal selenium is a major factor in catalysis; colloidal selenium is an effective catalyst when disperse, but loses activity as the colloid aggregates and the attendant surface area of the colloid decreases. Factors which increase the rate of colloidal aggregation likewise decrease the catalytic activity of selenide and colloidal selenium.
Correlation of carbon monoxide and bilirubin production by tissue homogenates.

The production of carbon monoxide (CO) has been used as an index of bilirubin production in animals and man [l]. The validity of this concept is based on the characteristics of the heme degradation pathway. Heme oxygenase (EC 1.14.99.3), with the consumption of O2 and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH ), oxidizes heme into equimolar amounts of CO and biliverdin [ 21. The latter is reduced directly to bilirubin with the aid of biliverdin reductase and the consumption of a second molecule of NADPH [ 31. The heme oxygenase reaction is reported to be the rate-limiting step when the tissue preparations are not extensively purified [4]. Due to improved analytical techniques, we are now able to determine in vitro simultaneously the CO produced by the heme oxygenase reaction and bilirubin, the end-product of the heme degradation pathway. CO was determined in the reaction vessel by headspace gas chromatography (CC) [5,61, and bilirubin was extracted from the reaction mixture with chloroform and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ) [71.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) directly suppresses growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression through MyD88-dependent and -independent Toll-like receptor-4/MD2 complex signaling pathways.

Introduction Sepsis is associated with growth hormone (GH) insensitivity and in the intact animal the major surface component of the bacterial cell wall, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inhibits GH receptor (GHR) gene expression. The prevailing explanation for LPS-induced effects on the GHR promoter is that this effect is indirect via generation of cytokines. Our recent studies demonstrate that saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) inhibit the activity of the murine GHR promoter. Saturated FFAs are an essential component of the lipid A moiety of LPS required for biological activity of LPS.
Co2 laser myringotomy

CO2 laser myringotomies were performed in 4 temporal bone specimens, 10 cat ears, and 11 patient ears. The method in cats produced a hole that remained open 3 to 6 weeks and healed without excessive scarring. In the patient ears, 9 of 11 laser myringotomies (82%) healed within 6 weeks. One myringotomy 4 mm in diameter did not heal and one 2 mm myringotomy made through a monomeric membrane did not heal.
Clustering-initiated factor analysis application for tissue classification in dynamic brain positron emission tomography.

The goal is to quantify the fraction of tissues that exhibit specific tracer binding in dynamic brain positron emission tomography (PET). It is achieved using a new method of dynamic image processing: clustering-initiated factor analysis (CIFA). Standard processing of such data relies on region of interest analysis and approximate models of the tracer kinetics and of tissue properties, which can degrade accuracy and reproducibility of the analysis. Clustering-initiated factor analysis allows accurate determination of the time–activity curves and spatial distributions for tissues that exhibit significant radiotracer concentration at any stage of the emission scan, including the arterial input function. We used this approach in the analysis of PET images obtained using 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B in which specific binding reflects the presence of β-amyloid. The fraction of the specific binding tissues determined using our approach correlated with that computed using the Logan graphical analysis. We believe that CIFA can be an accurate and convenient tool for measuring specific binding tissue concentration and for analyzing tracer kinetics from dynamic images for a variety of PET tracers. As an illustration, we show that four-factor CIFA allows extraction of two blood curves and the corresponding distributions of arterial and venous blood from PET images even with a coarse temporal resolution.
Computational fluid dynamics assessment of damaging wind loads on the One Indiana Square tower

In this paper, we simulated damaging wind loads on the One Indiana Square tower in Indianapolis due to the storm of April 2nd 2006. We followed recommended practice guidelines for this urban wind modeling. First, a test case, Aerodynamics of Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Council (CAARC) building were modeled and simulated to compare with a publicly available experiment and other computational studies. Based on the modeling parameters in the CAARC study, then, as a clean building configuration, we modeled the One Indiana tower alone without surrounding buildings. Finally, the flow field around the tower including nearby downtown buildings were simulated. We used the Fluent flow analysis software tools. The domain was meshed using unstructured grids, the first boundary layer grid element being 10 cm (4 in.) and 15 cm (6 in.) in height from the tower and the ground for the CAARC building and the One Indiana tower, respectively. Two different wind directions of 260 $$^\circ $$ and 280 $$^\circ $$ at 137 km/h (85 mph) speed were considered to estimate wind loads on the One Indiana tower facades. Simulated pressure distributions on the tower and flow patterns over the downtown buildings were discussed to draw conclusions about the mechanism of extreme wind load that caused the damage. The simulations revealed that suction forces are almost twice higher hence more damaging at the corners of the west facades than straight wind. It was also seen in the simulation results that upstream building topology, specifically Chase, One America, and some low-rise towers, augmented the actual wind load unfavorably on the One Indiana Square tower. Although this study presents a specific case, the applicability of its findings are of more general interest. Similar wind events are common especially during storm seasons both in urban and suburban areas. In similar incidents, one can follow the same procedure to analyze their problems as certain modeling guidelines were followed in this study.
Case Report Glenoid fracture nonunion presenting as instability in a young athlete

A case of a teenage athlete with a 4-year history of shoulder pain caused by glenoid fracture nonunion is presented. This individual had findings consistent with traumatic anterior shoulder instability as well as normal radiographs. Arthroscopy showed a nondisplaced glenoid fracture that was stabilized successfully through a deltopectoral approach.
A method for indirect recording of arterial pressure in the conscious cat

Abstract A noninvasive method, using tail-cuff plethysmography, for assessing arterial blood pressure in awake and anesthetized cats is described. Systolic pressures were reliably recorded over a wide range. Although the diastolic pressure was significantly lower by tail-cuff method as compared to intra-arterial measurement, a close correlation exists (r = 0.93) so that the tail-cuff determination accurately estimates the true diastolic pressure.
SAFETY, PRODUCTIVITY AND THE SOCIAL RELATIONS IN PRODUCTION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF WORKER COOPERATIVES

The idea that worker co‐operatives offer the possibility of increasing productivity without sacrificing workers' safety and health is investigated. Ten worker co‐operatives and four conventional capitalist firms in the Pacific Northwest plywood industry are studied. Co‐operatives have worse productivity and safety records than conventional firms. Lower productivity is due to the unexpected behaviour that emerges in co‐operatives relying heavily on hired labour. Higher levels of accidents are due to different reporting practices arising from different social relations in production. Co‐operatives tend to over‐report their accidents whereas conventional firms under‐report accidents.
Rate Sensitive Indentation Response of a Coarse-Grained Magnesium Aluminate Spinel

The effect of loading rate on indentation hardness, brittleness, and fracture modes during static and dynamic Vickers indentation of a transparent coarse grain (250 μm average grain size) polycrystalline magnesium aluminate spinel was investigated. Static hardness was measured using a conventional Vickers tester while the dynamic hardness was measured using a custom test fixture based on split Hopkinson pressure bar technique with the capability to produce single indentations at strain rates of roughly 103 s−1. Static and dynamic hardness values as well as characteristic fracture response are compared at a range of indentation loads. It was found that Vickers micro hardness increased by an average of 5% over the entire load range, while the calculated brittleness factor increased when subjected to dynamic indentation loads. Static and dynamic indentations were found to produce radial and lateral cracks with evidence of spall appearing only during dynamic loading. Dynamic indentations also revealed an increased level of transgranular cracking, whereas intergranular cracking was more dominant during static indentations. Indentation cracks generated due to static indentations placed in the vicinity of a grain boundary deflected along a grain boundary, whereas these cracks cut across the grain boundary into the neighboring grain during dynamic indentations. Static and dynamic indentations that were placed directly on grain boundaries generated intergranular (grain boundary) cracks that were on average 18% longer than accompanying intragranular cracks. The implications of these fracture modes on dynamic impact response of polycrystalline spinel are discussed.
Metrics with nonnegative curvature on \({S^2 \times \mathbb{R}^4}\)

We study nonnegatively curved metrics on \({S^2\times\mathbb{R}^4}\). First, we prove rigidity theorems for connection metrics; for example, the holonomy group of the normal bundle of the soul must lie in a maximal torus of SO(4). Next, we prove that Wilking’s almost-positively curved metric on S2 × S3 extends to a nonnegatively curved metric on \({S^2\times\mathbb{R}^4}\) (so that Wilking’s space becomes the distance sphere of radius 1 about the soul). We describe in detail the geometry of this extended metric.
Change in quality of life from before to after discharge following left ventricular assist device implantation.

Abstract Background: Quality of life (QOL) outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation from before to after hospital discharge have been examined only in a very small sample of patients. The purposes of this study are to describe change in QOL from before to after hospital discharge in LVAD patients and to determine whether being discharged with an LVAD predicts better QOL than being hospitalized with an LVAD. Methods: A non-random sample of 62 LVAD patients (approximately 50 years old, male, white, married, fairly well-educated) completed self-report questionnaires at ≥2 timepoints post-implant. The questionnaires (Quality of Life Index, Rating Question Form, Heart Failure Symptom Checklist, Sickness Impact Profile, LVAD Stressor Scale, Jalowiec Coping Scale), which were collated into booklets, had acceptable reliability and validity. Longitudinal analyses were performed in 2 steps using 1-sample t -tests and linear mixed effects modeling. Results: Perception of QOL and health status were fairly good both before and after discharge of LVAD patients. Discharge predicted increased satisfaction with socioeconomic areas of life; decreased overall and psychologic stress and stress related to family and friends, self-care and work/school/finances; and decreased physical and self-care disability. Conclusions: QOL outcomes improved from before to after hospital discharge in LVAD patients awaiting heart transplantation. As LVADs potentially become available as destination therapy, in addition to being successful bridges to heart transplantation, QOL outcomes will become more important to study.
Basketball Teams as Strategic Networks

We asked how team dynamics can be captured in relation to function by considering games in the first round of the NBA 2010 play-offs as networks. Defining players as nodes and ball movements as links, we analyzed the network properties of degree centrality, clustering, entropy and flow centrality across teams and positions, to characterize the game from a network perspective and to determine whether we can assess differences in team offensive strategy by their network properties. The compiled network structure across teams reflected a fundamental attribute of basketball strategy. They primarily showed a centralized ball distribution pattern with the point guard in a leadership role. However, individual play-off teams showed variation in their relative involvement of other players/positions in ball distribution, reflected quantitatively by differences in clustering and degree centrality. We also characterized two potential alternate offensive strategies by associated variation in network structure: (1) whether teams consistently moved the ball towards their shooting specialists, measured as “uphill/downhill” flux, and (2) whether they distributed the ball in a way that reduced predictability, measured as team entropy. These network metrics quantified different aspects of team strategy, with no single metric wholly predictive of success. However, in the context of the 2010 play-offs, the values of clustering (connectedness across players) and network entropy (unpredictability of ball movement) had the most consistent association with team advancement. Our analyses demonstrate the utility of network approaches in quantifying team strategy and show that testable hypotheses can be evaluated using this approach. These analyses also highlight the richness of basketball networks as a dataset for exploring the relationships between network structure and dynamics with team organization and effectiveness.
Religion and Gambling Among Young Adults in the United States: Moral Communities and the Deterrence Hypothesis

Despite voluminous research examining religion as an integrative force and a mechanism of social control, relatively few studies have examined the association between religion and proscribed or morally ambiguous behaviors beyond crime and drug use. The present exploratory study examines the role of religion, at both the individual and county levels, in predicting self-reported gambling problems. Hierarchical linear models are employed to examine religion and self-reported gambling problems using the restricted use data of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. A negative association between religious attendance and problem gambling (at the individual level) is strongest when church adherents per capita is relatively high (measured at the county level). However, when the number of conservative Protestants per capita is relatively high, religious attendance (measured at the individual level) is associated with an increased risk of gambling problems. These countervailing findings are interpreted as supportive of the bonding and bridging capital thesis.
Acétylation de la chromatine, régulation des gènes et dépression

in human and ape Y chromosomes. Nature 2003 ; 423 : 873-6. 3. Gilgenkrantz S. Au cœur de l’Y humain. Med Sci (Paris) 2004 ; 20 : 17-8. 4. Hughes JF, Skaletsky H, Pyntikova T, et al. Conservation of Y-linked genes during human evolution revealed by comparative sequencing in chimpanzee. Nature 2005 ; 437 : 100-3. 5. Hughes JF, Skaletsky H, Pyntikova T, et al. Chimpanzee and human Y chromosomes are remarkably divergent in structure and gene content. Nature 2010 ; 463 : 536-9. Region MSY homme YQ P1
The determinants of economic policy with rational expectations

This paper is a summary of remarks for a panel discussion on "Rational Expectations and the Control of the Economy". After a brief review of the major issues in this area, it is argued that the central problem is not that optimization techniques are inadequate for macroeconomic policy, but rather that policymakers, in practice, may use these techniques inappropriately. Whether optimal control can be useful for stabilizing the economy, therefore, depends on the government policy making process and the incentive structure under which policy decisions are made. It is suggested that a potential resolution to the problem can come from a normative examination of the behavior of governmental policy making agencies.
Successful treatment of mediastinal seminoma with vinblastine, bleomycin, and CIS-platinum

We report on 2 patients with extensive primary mediastinal seminoma treated with vinblastine, bleomycin, and cis-dichlorodiammine platinum who achieved complete remission. These patients are alive forty-six months and sixty-six months without evidence of recurrence of disease. These long-term survivors extend the experience reported previously in the literature. Mediastinal seminoma with extent beyond a rational field of radiation therapy can be treated successfully with chemotherapy.
Beyond the Mobility versus Place Debate

David Imbroscio has once again offered provocative ideas for effectively addressing urban poverty in metropolitan areas across the country. But in “Beyond Mobility” he has developed an incomplete a...
Abstract 326: Aneuploidy-driven clonal diversification underlies tumor phenotype switching

The acquisition of an invasive phenotype and its reversion to a proliferative phenotype are crucial steps in tumor metastases. We have been able to reproduce these steps through a combination of in vitro and in vivo methods. We show that proliferative subclones isolated from human carcinoma cells can generate invasive subclones in vitro, which is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, the invasive mesenchymal clones can reverse their phenotype (MET) through tumorigenesis in vivo. Phenotypic switching occurs with changes in karyotypes, which dictate changes in the chromosome transcriptome and in the expression of genes that account for the phenotypic switching. We conclude that chromosome instability generates the transcriptome diversity, which in the appropriate environment leads to the expansion of clonal variants responsible for malignant progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 326. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-326
Correlations of polarization in random electro-magnetic fields

Random electromagnetic fields have a number of distinctive statistical properties that may depend on their origin. We show here that when two mutually coherent fields are overlapped, the individual characteristics are not completely lost. In particular, we demonstrate that if assumptions can be made regarding the coherence properties of one of the fields, both the relative average strength and the field correlation length of the second one can be retrieved using higher-order polarization properties of the combined field.
Kinetic Parameters of the Translocation of Bacteriophage T4 Gene 41 Protein Helicase on Single-stranded DNA

The bacteriophage T4 gene 41 helicase protein (gp41) carries a single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity that is essential to its helicase activity. This ATPase activity can be stimulated by a wide variety of single-stranded DNA cofactors, including homo-oligomers and homopolymers 8 to approximately 10,000 nucleotide residues in length, and by natural single-stranded DNA, such as bacteriophage M13 DNA. The steady-state ATPase activity of gp41 on single-stranded homopolymeric cofactors is dependent on the length of the cofactor, in that the kinetic parameters Vmax and K(act) (or KmDNA) have a characteristic length dependence. Vmax values for different DNA lengths show a hyperbolic dependence on DNA length, while K(act) values are independent of DNA lengths exceeding approximately 20 nucleotide residues. Use of the detailed theoretical analysis developed in the preceding paper reveals that: (1) these results support the earlier proposal that gp41 translocates on single-stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner; (2) translocation is undirectional; (3) translocation is processive to an extent that depends on the base composition of the DNA employed, with the average distance translocated per binding event ranging from 60 to 700 nucleotide residues; and (4) the detailed translocation mechanism of gp41 includes an obligatory slow step before or after the ATP-driven translocation process. Defined lengths of natural and homopolymer single-stranded DNA have also been created as gaps of known length distribution between clusters of gene 32 protein (gp32) bound along long single-stranded DNA molecules. ATPase data obtained with cofactors of this type also show unidirectional ATP-driven translocation of gp41 on both natural and homopolymeric single-stranded DNA. Direct binding studies of gp41 to short dT oligomers reveal two further features of the interaction of gp41 to single-stranded DNA: (1) nucleoside triphosphate binding is necessary for the formation of stable gp41-ssDNA complexes; and (2) the DNA binding site size of gp41 is between 12 and 20 nucleotide residues per protein monomer. Possible translocation mechanisms for gp41 are discussed within the context of these results.
A Conceptual Analysis of Lambert, Ogles, and Masters's Conceptual Scheme for Outcome Assessment

For in psychology, there are experimental methods, and conceptual confusion. (Wittgenstein, 1968, p. 232)
Novel mutations in the gene encoding very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase identified in patients with partial carnitine palmitoyltransferase ii deficiency

Introduction: Twenty-six patients with clinical symptoms of adult onset carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPTII) deficiency were examined. All patients had skeletal muscle CPTII enzyme activity levels indicative of heterozygosity for CPT2 mutations, however sequence analysis identified no pathogenic mutations within the CPT2 gene. Methods: Because the reaction product of CPTII is the substrate for very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), we examined the ACADVL gene in these patients by sequence analysis. Results: Missense mutations within the ACADVL gene were identified in 3 of the patients. Conclusions: The locations of the altered amino acid residues within the crystal structure of VLCAD are on the surface of the molecule and may be involved in interactions with neighboring molecules. These findings support the importance of considering that mutations may be present in the ACADVL gene when a significant partial deficiency is found in CPTII activity, but no mutations in the CPT2 gene can be identified. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Allelic relationships and phenotypic interactions of four dominant modifiers of the cl 1 locus in maize 1

Allelic relationships and phenotypic interactions of four dominant modifiers of the cl 1 locus in maize 1
Isothermal Kinetic Measurements for the Hydrogenation of Ethylene on Pt(111) under Vacuum: Significance of Weakly-Bound Species in the Reaction Mechanism

The kinetics of the hydrogenation of ethylene on Pt(111) was studied isothermally and under vacuum by using a variation of the dynamic molecular beam method originally devised by King and Wells. At surface temperatures above 240 K ethylidyne formation competes with both ethylene hydrogenation and ethylene desorption. At temperatures below 240 K, on the other hand, the decomposition of ethylene is slow, and the adsorption and hydrogenation kinetics for ethylene on both clean and hydrogen-covered surfaces could be investigated independently. Ethylene adsorption was found to be precursor-mediated at low coverages and Langmuirian near saturation. A certain population of weakly-adsorbed species can also be maintained at coverages near saturation by exposure of the surface to a constant flux of ethylene molecules. The presence of coadsorbed hydrogen reduces the total ethylene uptake but increases the amount of weakly-adsorbed ethylene as compared to that on the clean Pt(111). The main conclusion from this work ...
Statistical analysis of discount rate policy in Belgium, 1957–1968

Abstract Econometric studies of the economy usually assume government policy variables as exogenously determined. Income, balance-of-payments, price and employment variables are assumed to be affected by changes in the policy variables, but the latter are assumed to be free from the influence of the former. If policy makers do not behave randomly with respect to changes in the target variables, we must treat their policy instruments as jointly dependent variables in order to obtain consistent estimates of the macromodel. This study attempts to estimate the parameters, and test the temporal stability, of a behavioral equation describing discount rate changes in Belgium. About three-fourths of the total variation in the discount rate can be explained by movements in the balance-of-payments, price level, and unemployment in the expected direction. F -tests could not reject the intertemporal stability of the discount-rate-policy function, implying the existence of a temporally consistent discount-rate-policy frame-work.