cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of nearest neighbors in nucleic acids by mass spectrometry

The identification of nearest-neighbor residues in nucleic acids provides useful constraints on establishment of base composition and sequence and is potentially applicable to a range of structural problems involving synthetic and natural polynucleotides. A new approach to this problem using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry is based on measurement of precursor-product relationships derived from small fragment ions produced in the high-pressure ionization ("nozzle-skimmer") region of the instrument. Measured mass values of dinucleotide or other fragments, which give rise to mononucleotide ions N formed in the collision cell and transmitted by the second mass analyzer, establish the identities of residues adjacent to N. The technique is applicable to RNA and DNA, whether modified, or not, and is demonstrated using modified residues in nucleic acids up to the size of intact tRNA (76-mer). By monitoring of selected ion reaction channels, the method has been extended to LC/MS and to nearest-neighbor determinations directly in oligonucleotide mixtures.
Ohmic contact for high-performance organic electronic devices

A high-performance organic diode is demonstrated by using C 60 sandwiched between a cathode and an anode using metals with different diffusivity and donor ability. In this manuscript, copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) are selected as the cathode and anode, respectively. C 60 is used as the organic electron-acceptor for its high stability and high carrier mobility. The as-prepared diode shows poor performance. However, after heat treatment, the Cu/C 60 interface becomes an Ohmic contact through Cu diffusion and charge-transfer processes, allowing highly efficient electron injection from the Cu electrode. On the other hand, a rectified C 60 /A1 contact is formed, prohibiting efficient electron injection from the Al electrode into C 60 . Hence, a high-performance organic diode is formed through a heat treatment process, not by the selection of metals with different work functions. Due to the high mobility of C 60 , the device shows megahertz frequency response, and it can also handle rather high current density (363 A/cm 2 at 2.4 V). This opens the way for the formation of high-performance organic electronic devices.
Implications of radiolarian assemblages for the late Quaternary Paleoceanography of the eastern equatorial Pacific

The distribution of radiolarian assemblages identified by Q-mode factor analysis of radiolarian microfossils in surface sediments from low latitudes in the Pacific Ocean reflects their associations with surface water masses. Downcore fluctuations of these radiolarian assemblages at two sites, RC10-65 and V19–29, indicate changes in circulation in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the past 500,000 yr. Surface-water radiolarian assemblages characteristic of zonal flow have dominated siliceous sedimentation in the eastern equatorial Pacific, except during times of intense upwelling which can occur along the coast of Peru and in the Equatorial Undercurrent. Fluctuations in the importance of this upwelling have not been consistent with glacial/interglacial changes in ice volume throughout the late Quaternary. Intensification of upwelling in the equatorial divergence, however, has consistently coincided with increases in ice volume in the past 500,000 yr. The times at which changes in the nature of the relationship between upwelling and ice volume occur (approximately 240,000 and 380,000 yr B.P.) roughly coincide with times of observed changes in other proxy indicators of oceanographic conditions in the Pacific and Indian oceans.
Microsample tensile testing of LIGA nickel for MEMS applications

Abstract Electro-deposited LIGA Ni components are being considered for use in a number of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and applications. The metrology of these components and their non-equilibrium microstructures play an important role in determining the mechanical response of these structures. Microsample testing has proven to be a reliable way of measuring the elastic and plastic tensile properties of these 100–200 μm thick films. Measured values of the in-plane Young's modulus (180±24 GPa) are significantly lower than the modulus for bulk coarse grained Ni (207 GPa), but can be explained and modeled in terms of the crystallographic texture in the as-deposited films. Variations in strength associated with post-processing heat treatments are highlighted and explained in terms of microstructural coarsening. The effect that coarsening and the related drop in strength have on the performance of LIGA Ni spring-like structures is discussed, and the need for further high temperature testing is highlighted.
Manganese inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and stimulates phosphodiesterase activity in neuroblastoma cells: its possible implication in manganese-poisoning.

Abstract The effect of manganese on adenylate cyclase and cAMP phosphodiesterase activities in homogenates of mouse malignant and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-induced “differentiated” neuroblastoma cells was studied. High concentrations of manganese inhibited adenylate cyclase activities, but they stimulated cAMP phosphodiesterase activity. These enzymes of cAMP-induced “differentiated” cells were more sensitive to manganese than were those of malignant cells. These data indicate that excess of manganese may markedly reduce the intracellular level of cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity and stimulating phosphodiesterase activity. We speculate that some of the neurological syndromes in patients with manganese-poisoning may be related to the decreased level of cAMP which may result from manganese-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase and manganese-induced stimulation of phosphodiesterase activities.
A brain synaptic dopamine-binding protein: isolation and partial characterization.

A dopamine-binding protein (DABP) has been purified from the rat brain cortex to homogeneity. Solubilization of the DABP from the synaptosomal membranes (P2M) by cholic acid, subsequent agarose gel filtration of the cholic acid extract to separate phospholipids from the DABP, and lastly DA affinity chromatography successfully resulted in a purified DABP with approximately 0.006% yield in protein concentration and 0.03% yield in specific [3H]-DA binding. The specific [3H]-DA binding of the purified DABP was 117 fmol/mg protein/10 min with a 4.6-fold purification compared with the whole homogenate. The purified DABP had an Rf value of 0.67 on native disk polyacrylamide gel and it gave one single polypeptide subunit on the SDS gel with an Rf value of 0.63. The apparent molecular weight of this single subunit was estimated to be 34.5 kilodaltons. The elution patterns from either DA- or ADTN-affinity (2-amino-6, 7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-affinity) columns indicated that this DABP had higher affinity for DA agonists than for DA antagonists. Photoaffinity labeling of [3H]-DA to this DABP in the P2M fraction and the specific [3H]-DA to the purified DABP demonstrated a nanomolar range affinity corresponding to either D2 or D3 receptors. These data suggested that the purified DABP could be related to either D2 or D3 receptors in the brain.
Materials science: Soft is strong.

The mechanisms that govern the rate at which glasses soften on heating have long been a mystery. The finding that colloids can mimic the full range of glass-softening behaviours offers a fresh take on the problem.
Analysis: On the Path to Overcoming Glucose-Sensor-Induced Foreign Body Reactions

It is generally accepted that unreliable in vivo performance of implantable glucose sensors originates, in large part, from tissue reactions to the implanted sensor, including foreign body reactions (i.e., inflammation, fibrosis, and vessel regression). Development of glucose sensor coatings with increased biocompatibility would contribute to the development of a reliable long-term glucose sensor. In this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Van den Bosch and coauthors report on their initial in vitro results on a candidate biocompatibility coating for sensors (silica nanoparticle- polyethylene-glycol-based coating). Although the initial standard testing is encouraging, it is important that sensor-specific testing protocol be utilized to more accurately predict sensor performance in vivo. The development and application of sensor-specific testing standards will likely speed the development of biocompatible coatings that will increase sensor accuracy and lifespan in the future.
The influence of chlordecone and oestrogen on the secretion of proteinaceous molecules of the mouse uterus.

Abstract Ovariectomised mice were treated with sesame seed oil, oestradiol, or one of three different levels of the insecticide chlordecone (1, 1a, 3, 3a, 4, 5, 5a, 6-decachloro-octahydro-1, 3, 4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd] pentalen-2-one). After 9 days of treatment, the uteri were injected with 35S-methionine and radiolabelled proteins were flushed from uteri 4 h later. Reproductive tract weights and the total amount of radioactivity in uterine flushings were measured. Reproductive tract weights increased significantly only in animals treated with the highest dose of chlordecone tested and oestradiol-treated animals. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitated radioactivity was increased by all doses of insecticide chlordecone tested but increases were significant only at one level. The greatest stimulation of 35S-methionine incorporation occurred in ovariectomised animals treated with oestradiol. Radioactive proteins were analysed by fluorography of two-dimensional gels. The fluorograms showed that the proteinaceous uterine secretions, as influenced by chlordecone, were greatly reduced in number as compared with those secreted under the influence of osetradiol. Chlordecone appears to cause the secretion of proteinaceous material from the uteri of mice in a qualitatively different manner than does oestradiol.
Co-instructing on extended wilderness expeditions: A phenomenological inquiry

The practice of co-instructing in North American outdoor adventure education programs, although ubiquitous, has received minimal research attention. Instead, leadership and instruction are discussed primarily as individual practices and as a matter of enacting institutionally prescribed skills, judgments, and responsibilities. Likewise, instructors' lived experiences are infrequently represented in outdoor adventure education literature, perhaps stemming from an emphasis on â€œidealâ€ leadership qualities and roles in the research and training literature. The qualitative study reported in this article attended to the experiences of program co-instructors as well as the phenomenon of co-instruction. Phenomenological analysis revealed co-instructing among these participants as essentially a negotiated relationship constituted by themes of living work , the dilemma of the super-instructor , sizing up , and relational resolutions , through which staff interpreted both professional and personal meaning. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
STRUCTURE OF NUCLEAR MATTER

Equations for explicit Hartree states of energy lower than that of conventional ground states for noninteracting Fermi gases are given for Fermi gases with attractive interactions. One-dimensional and three-dimensional cases are treated. Large static density waves are shown to exist in such Fermi gases, and the binding energy is derived therefrom. If the density waves are used with the variational theorem, their contribution to the binding energy is greater, and it is concluded that density waves are of great importance in nuclear matter. In the limit of weak attractive interactions, the Fermi surface will become a manyfaced polyhedron, each pair of opposite faces arising from a density wave. (D.L.C.)
Modeling elastic shells immersed in fluid

We describe a numerical method to simulate an elastic shell immersed in a viscous incompressible fluid. The method is developed as an extension of the immersed boundary method using shell equations based on the Kirchhoff-Love and the planar stress hypotheses. A detailed derivation of the shell equations used in the numerical method is presented. This derivation, as well as the numerical method, uses techniques of differential geometry. Our main motivation for developing this method is its use in constructing a comprehensive, threedimensional computational model of the cochlea (the inner ear). The central object of study within the cochlea is the basilar membrane, which is immersed in fluid and whose elastic properties rather resemble those of a shell. We apply the method to a specific example, which is a prototype of a piece of the basilar membrane, and study the convergence of the method in this case. Some typical features of cochlear mechanics are already captured in this simple model. In particular, numerical experiments have shown a traveling wave propagating from the base to the apex of the model shell in response to external excitation in the fluid. c � 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of recurrent colorectal carcinoma.

Background/objective The records of patients treated for adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 1995 at Naval Medical Center San Diego were reviewed. Analysis was made of patients who developed recurrences after potentially definitive primary therapy. Methods A retrospective review of 410 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer at our institution was conducted. The focus of this review was to identify patients with recurrent disease after curative initial procedures, and to determine how recurrences were detected and treated. Survival data for 48 patients undergoing various curative and palliative procedures, or no therapy, were generated. Results The decision to re-operate with curative intent was made after a multidisciplinary review of restaging studies. Laparoscopy was not used in this determination. Curative resection of recurrence confers increased survival over non-curative surgery and no surgery (P < 0.001). This is misleading because of patient selection; several patients undergo potentially curative surgery but are determined intraoperatively to best be palliated, or to have further surgery aborted. Analysis of results in patients undergoing potentially curative surgery vs. those undergoing planned palliation vs. those not operated reveals that these also provide significantly different outcomes (P < 0.003). Conclusions Proper delineation of resectable lesions in patients with recurrent colorectal cancer contributes to better outcomes for them. That determination is difficult, and efforts are underway in our institution and elsewhere to better delineate which patients are optimal preoperatively. We consider multidisciplinary Tumor Board evaluation to be central to this process.
Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate: Interaction between xylosyltransferase and galactosyltransferase

Abstract An affinity matrix consisting of the core protein of cartilage proteoglycan coupled to Sepharose was used to study the interaction between the glycosyltransferases which catalyze the first two reactions in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. Xylosyltransferase, for which the core protein is a substrate, is quantitatively adsorbed to the matrix. In contrast, UDP-galactose:xylose galactosyltransferase is not significantly adsorbed, but does bind to matrix which has been previously equilibrated with xylosyltransferase. By virtue of this enzyme-enzyme interaction, a 7-fold purification of galactosyltransferase can be obtained.
Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Discontinuation Because of Dissatisfaction: Differences by Race and Education

The unintended pregnancy rate in the United States remains high, and there are large race and education differences in unintended pregnancy and fertility. These differences make it important to study race and education differences in contraceptive behavior. Using nationally representative data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, this study examines the effects of race and education on the likelihood that women have ever used particular types of hormonal contraception and have ever discontinued hormonal contraception because of dissatisfaction. The results show that blacks and Latinas were more likely to have used injectable contraceptives (“the shot”) and less likely to have used oral contraceptives (“the pill”) than were white women. Women with less education were more likely than college-educated women to have used the shot but there were no significant education differences in use of the pill. Among women who had ever used hormonal birth control, those with less than a college degree were more likely than college-educated women to discontinue the birth control because of dissatisfaction. However, net of education, this study found no significant racial/ethnic differences in discontinuation. The most commonly stated reason for discontinuation because of dissatisfaction was side effects.
The response of pituitary gonadotropes to a constant infusion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in normal prepubertal and pubertal children and in children with abnormalities of sexual development.

Abstract The pattern of LHRH-evoked release of LH and FSH by pituitary gonadotrophs and the concomitant gonadal steroid secretion were studied in 28 pubertal and 16 prepubertal children. LHRH was administered at doses of 100 μg and 10 μg by a constant-infusion pump over 3 hours following a 2-hour control period. Gonadotropin concentrations were measured at 15-minute intervals. Mean LH concentrations rose from 2.0 ± 0.4 (SE) mIU/ml (IRP-2-hMG) to 6.2 ± 0.9 (P < .001) in normal prepubertal and from 5.8 ± 0.9 to 28.0 ± 3.6 (P < .001) in normal pubertal children. The peak rise of LH, the mean level attained during the LHRH infusion, and the area under the time-response curve were greater (P < .001) in pubertal than prepubertal children. The serum LH rise had two components in pubertal children in contrast to a single-phased increase in prepubertal children. Pulsatile release of LH was demonstrated during the basal period in pubertal children and during the LHRH infusion in both groups. FSH release was greater...
Observations on the speech processing capabilities of an amnesic patient: several aspects of H.M.'s language function.

Abstract This report describes several aspects of the language function of Scoville's patient, H.M., who suffers from a severe amnesic syndrome ( Milner et al. [2]). Although H.M.'s ability to detect various kinds of linguistic ambiguity appears essentially normal, his performance on a linguistic task involving the ongoing perceptual segmentation of speech is not. Often H.M. was unable to perform properly the speech task and the nature of his errors reveals that the constituent structure clause constitutes the functional unit in his short-term memory for linguistic material.
Bacterial communities associated with the digestive tract of the predatory ground beetle, Poecilus chalcites, and their modification by laboratory rearing and antibiotic treatment.

Ground beetles such as Poecilus chalcites (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are beneficial insects in agricultural systems where they contribute to the control of insect and weed pests. We assessed the complexity of bacterial communities occurring in the digestive tracts of field-collected P. chalcites using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA genes. Bacterial identification was performed by the construction of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and sequence analysis. Intestinal bacteria in field-collected beetles were then compared to those from groups of beetles that were reared in the lab on an artificial diet with and without antibiotics. Direct cell counts estimated 1.5 × 108 bacteria per milliliter of gut. The digestive tract of field-collected P. chalcites produced an average of 4.8 terminal restriction fragments (tRF) for each beetle. The most abundant clones were affiliated with the genus Lactobacillus, followed by the taxa Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridia, and Bacteriodetes. The majority of the sequences recovered were closely related to those reported from other insect gastrointestinal tracts. Lab-reared beetles produced fewer tRF, an average of 3.1 per beetle, and a reduced number of taxa with a higher number of clones from the family Enterobacteriaceae compared to the field-collected beetles. Antibiotic treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of tRF per beetle and selected for a less diverse set of bacterial taxa. We conclude that the digestive tract of P. chalcites is colonized by a simple community of bacteria that possess autochthonous characteristics. Laboratory-reared beetles harbored the most common bacteria found in field-collected beetles, and these bacterial communities may be manipulated in the laboratory with the addition of antibiotics to the diet to allow study of functional roles.
A MAGELLAN MIKE AND SPITZER MIPS STUDY OF 1.5-1.0 M ☉ STARS IN SCORPIUS-CENTAURUS

We obtained Spitzer Space Telescope Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) 24 μm and 70 μm observations of 182 nearby, Hipparcos F- and G-type common proper motion single and binary systems in the nearest OB association, Scorpius-Centaurus. We also obtained Magellan/MIKE R ~ 50,000 visual spectra at 3500-10500 A for 181 candidate ScoCen stars in single and binary systems. Combining our MIPS observations with those of other ScoCen stars in the literature, we estimate 24 μm F+G-type disk fractions of 9/27 (33% ± 11%), 21/67 (31% ± 7%), and 25/71 (35% ± 7%) for Upper Scorpius (~10 Myr), Upper Centaurus Lupus (~15 Myr), and Lower Centaurus Crux (~17 Myr), respectively. We confirm previous IRAS and MIPS excess detections and present new discoveries of 41 protoplanetary and debris disk systems, with fractional infrared luminosities ranging from L IR/L * = 10–5 to 10–2 and grain temperatures ranging from T gr = 40-300 K. We searched for an increase in 24 μm excess at an age of 15-20 Myr, consistent with the onset of debris production predicted by coagulation N-body simulations of outer planetary systems. We found such an increase around 1.5 M ☉ stars but discovered a decrease in the 24 μm excess around 1.0 M ☉ stars. We additionally discovered that the 24 μm excess around 1.0 M ☉ stars is larger than predicted by self-stirred models. Finally, we found a weak anti-correlation between fractional infrared luminosity (L IR/L *) and chromospheric activity (R'HK), that may be the result of differences in stellar properties, such as mass, luminosity, and/or winds.
Call Types of the Rana pipiens Complex in Illinois

The presence of western, eastern, and northern call types of the Rana pipiens complex in Illinois supports evidence from the western United States that this complex can no longer be regarded as one species.
K-MESON AND HYPERON DECAYS

A stack of 400\ensuremath{\mu} Ilford G-5 nuclear emulsion surrounded by 5.5 cm of brass was flown at 85 000 feet for 10 hours at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=41\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$N. While scanning 409 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ of these emulsions the decay of seven $K$ particles and one $\ensuremath{\tau}$ meson have been observed. A hyperon produced in a star is seen to decay into an $L$ meson. For the decay scheme ${Y}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}+n+Q$ this event gives $Q=(48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20)$ Mev. A heavy nuclear fragment ($Z\ensuremath{\sim}5$) from an eight-prong star decays into ${\mathrm{Li}}^{8}$, a proton, and a particle that is probably a deuteron. An event has been observed that could be interpreted as an example of the decay of a $\ensuremath{\tau}$ meson by the decay scheme ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$.
Examining the Correlates of Women’s Use of Sexual Coercion: Proposing an Explanatory Model

Research in the last few years has begun to examine the prevalence of female sexual offending as well as attempting to understand the predictors of sexually coercive behavior among women. Although women engage in sexual coercion significantly less often than men, more research on female sexual coercion is warranted. The current study provides an exploratory examination of the relationship between several attitudinal, experiential, and situational factors, and the use of various sexual coercion tactics among a sample of 582 sexually active, female undergraduate students, as well as proposing an explanatory model of female sexual coercion. Results indicate that several variables that are significant predictors of sexual aggression for men are also predictive for women. However, these variables seem to work differently in predicting sexually coercive behavior for women. Implications for theory and further study are discussed.
Evolution of Languages for Specific Purposes Programs in the United States: 1990-2011.

This article reports the results of a national survey of LSP offerings in U.S. higher education conducted during 2011. The survey updates one carried out by Christine Uber-Grosse and Geoffrey M. Voght in 1990. The data provide: (a) a profile of institutions that offer LSP; (b) an overview of the number, type, level, and enrollment in LSP courses; (c) perceptions about the attitudes of chairs (and departments) toward these courses; (d) a prioritization of the reasons for adding or discontinuing LSP courses; (e) partnerships with other professional units; (f) a measure of the growth of the field with projections for the future; (g) offerings beyond the course level (degree tracks, minors, certificates); and (h) the tenure status and primary fields of specialization of LSP instructors. The data show that while the overall offerings of LSP have remained relatively stable at 62%, the sophistication and variety of offerings have become deeper and more focused in response to broader needs. LSP is solidly established as another curricular option, beside literature, cultural studies, and linguistics, in institutions where students demand it, thus providing the students who are motivated to enter these fields with valuable applied skills in both language and cultural understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Remote sensing and the search for surface rupture, Haiti 2010

Minutes after the January 12, 2010 Haiti earthquake, most geologists and seismologists assumed that from its shallow teleseismic location and its largely strike-slip mechanism that a significant rupture must have occurred on the transform plate boundary south and west of Port au Prince. Within hours, plans were being made by geologists to map the anticipated rupture and, if possible, to trench it to obtain a record of paleoseismic slip. However, remote sensing images available a few days after the earthquake revealed raised corals and no significant plate boundary slip, and we now know that shallow slip was transpressive and that no surface rupture occurred. A week after the earthquake, it was clear that scientific visits to the region would be much delayed by the continuing needs of emergency response teams and military support who had commandeered access to the airport at Port au Prince. Serendipitously on 20 January, one of the authors accompanied a film crew on a chartered flight from nearby Santo Domingo with the quest to record the tectonic reasons for the disaster and to document the details of structural damage. At the time, there was still no clear idea of whether the transform boundary had a surface rupture, but there was abundant evidence for surface deformation from Google Earth images showing raised corals and collapsed coastlines along the Leogane coast. This article briefly describes communications between remote geologists and the ground-based crew who were guided to critical areas in the search for surface deformation using remote sensing data.
Optimized PVF2 targets for infrared vidicon camera tubes

A series of experiments designed to optimize the sensitivity of PVF2 for use as a target in an infrared camera tube is detailed. It has been found that by thermal pre-stressing and corona poling, sensitivities of 2.5 μA/W are routinely obtainable. Life tests conducted over an 18 month period show no deterioration of sensitivity. Kinescope recordings of images of the human body are presented.
Teratogenic effects of a lipophilic cationic dye rhodamine 123, alone and in combination with 2-deoxyglucose.

ABSTRACTAn anti-tumor agent, the cationic dye rhodamine 123 (Rh 123), becomes concentrated in mitochondria of certain tissues and inhibits ATP production. Rh 123 was tested for developmental toxicity by i.p. injection into pregnant CD-1 mice daily on gestation days 7–10 (plug = day 1) at doses up to 15 mg/kg/day. Additional mice were given a 500 mg/kg/day dose of 2–deoxy-glucose (2–DOG), an inhibitor of glycolytic ATP generation, alone or with Rh 123. Controls received saline equimolar to the 2–DOG. Prenatal mortality was increased by Rh 123 in combination with 2–DOG, with values of 40%, 43%, or 41% dead or resorbed at Rh 123 doses of 8, 12, or 15 mg/kg/day, respectively. When given alone, neither test agent was associated with a significant increase in prenatal death. Concurrent treatment with Rh 123 and 2–DOG resulted in significant incidences of gross malformations (17% to 20%) and skeletal malformations (9% to 72%). At the two highest Rh 123 doses (12 and 15 mg/kg/day) given with 2–DOG, significant fi...
The Great Escape: Mgr2 of the Mitochondrial TIM23 Translocon Is a Gatekeeper Tasked with Releasing Membrane Proteins

By using a combination of biochemistry and genetics, in this issue of Molecular Cell Ieva et al. (2014) uncover an unexpected role for Mgr2 of the mitochondrial TIM23 translocon as a gatekeeper in the release of membrane proteins from the translocon.
Direct observation of the torsional fundamental of gaseous C2F6 in the far infrared

Abstract The forbidden a1u torsional vibration of C2F6 has been observed in far-infrared absorption at 67.5 cm−1 with an integrated intensity of 0.20 ± 0.08 × 10−2 cm−2. The observed intensity is compared with that expected theoretically from Coriolis coupling of the torsion to the infarred-active a2u and eu vibrations. For certain force fields and choices of sign for the dipole moment derivatives the agreement is satisfactory. The potential barrier to internal rotation has been recomputed from the observed torsional frequency to be 1367 cm−1. (3.91 kcal mole−1). This value is compared with those of ethane and partially fluorinated ethanes.
Chromatographic and electrophoretic migration parameters in capillary electrochromatography

Chromatographic retention factor, k', as defined in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in terms of the migration times of the separand and the inert tracer, has limited applicability to capillary electrochromatography (CEC) when both chromatographic and electrophoretic processes determine the magnitude of the overall migration rates of the separands. This situation is unlike that in HPLC, where k' serves as a useful peak locator for the various sample components, as well as, provides thermodynamic insights into the interactions between the components and the stationary phase. Most publications have borrowed the definition of k' from HPLC and applied it on CEC. However, due to the dual separation mechanisms that are in action in CEC, the system is significantly complicated in comparison to that of HPLC. This paper discusses the impossibility of defining with a k' which would have all the attributes that it has in regular chromatography. The interplay of the two separation mechanisms in determining the overall migration process in CEC is discussed and the various definitions of the electrochromatographic retention factor are presented.
Triplet Phase Invariants from an Exact Algebraic Analysis of Anomalous Dispersion

In a previous investigation, a system of exact algebraic equations was derived for any number and type of anomalous scatterers. Solution of the equations provides information concerning intensities of scattering and certain phase differences. In this paper, it is shown that when appropriate combinations of the phase differences and their values are made, the result is the evaluation of the differences of pairs of triplet phase invariants, one associated with the macromolecular structure and the second associated with the structure of the anomalous scatterers. It is usually easy to satisfy the condition that the values of triplet phase invariants associated with the structures of the anomalous scatterers be close to zero. This permits the evaluation of triplet phase invariants associated with the macromolecular structure. Since the structures of the anomalous scatterers are quite simple in many of the substances of interest, a theoretical and experimental study of the distribution of values for triplet phase invariants associated with simple structures has been carried out. This has provided a quantitative insight into the distribution of values of the cosines of triplet phase invariants for such structures. It has also identified useful functions, based on knowledge of the values of normalized structure factor magnitudes, that permit a reliable prediction of those triplet phase invariants that have values close to zero. In the mathematical sense, the evaluation of the triplet phase invariants for a macromolecular structure, solely from the intensity data, is exact, except for the deviation of the triplet phase invariants for the structure of the anomalous scatterers from zero. No structural information concerning the anomalous scatterers is required. In practice, of course, experimental error will affect the accuracy of the information derived from the algebraic equations. The possibility of overdeterminacy in the equations should be beneficial in reducing the effect of experimental error.
Investigation of anisotropic thermal conductivity in polymers using infrared thermography

A new experimental method based on infrared thermography (IRT) is developed to study deformation-induced anisotropic thermal conductivity in polymers. An analytic solution for the temperature field of samples heated by a point source is utilized with a robust fitting procedure allowing for quantitative measurement of two components of the normalized thermal conductivity tensor of uniaxially stretched samples. In order to validate the method, we compare measurements on a cross-linked polybutadiene network with those obtained from a previously developed technique based on forced Rayleigh scattering (FRS). We find excellent agreement between the two techniques. Uncertainty in the measurements using IRT method is estimated to be about 2–5%. The accuracy of the method and its potential application to nontransparent materials make it a good alternative to extend current research on anisotropic thermal transport in polymeric materials. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4028324]
A New Member of the Spindle Orientation Club: Mammalian Intestinal Stem Cells

Mitotic spindles are stereotypically oriented in many stem cells, often leading to asymmetric outcomes of stem cell division. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Nathke and colleagues (Quyn et al., 2010) report that mammalian intestinal stem cells exhibit an oriented spindle and asymmetry during division.
Effect of Cirrhosis and Liver Transplantation on the Gender Difference in QT Interval

The effect of gender on the QT interval in patients with cirrhosis before and after liver transplantation and the relation between the QT interval and changes in gender hormones after liver transplantation were assessed. The study showed that (1) physiologic gender difference in the QTc interval is abolished in cirrhosis, and it is not restored after liver transplantation, and (2) gender hormone concentrations had no effect on the QTc interval.
Experimentally-induced subclinical hyperammonemia in dairy goats

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate metabolic responses to induced subclinical (subacute) hyperammonemia in goats. In Experiment 1 Alpine wethers (n=6, mean BW 44±1.3 kg) were fed one of two isonitrogenous (11.2% CP on DM basis) and isoenergetic (70% TDN) diets that contained 0 (CON) or 10% (NPN) of the total dietary N as urea, and administered an oral urea load test (OULT; 0, 100, 200, and 300 mg urea/kg BW) in a balanced incomplete block design. Live weight gain and DM intake were not affected (P>0.10) by diet. Ruminal ammonia N was 30% higher in CON wethers (P 0.10). Administration of the OULT increased (P l -lactate (P
CartaBlanca— a pure-Java, component-based systems simulation tool for coupled non-linear physics on unstructured grids

This paper describes a component-based non-linear physical system simulation prototyping package written entirely in Java using object-oriented design to provide scientists and engineers a “developer-friendly” software environment for large-scale computational method and physical model development. The software design centers on the Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov solution method surrounding a finite-volume treatment of conservation equations. This enables a clean component-based implementation. We first provide motivation for the development of the software and then describe software structure. Discussion of software structure includes a description of the use of Java's built-in thread facility that enables data-parallel, shared-memory computations on a wide variety of unstructured grids with triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral and hexahedral elements. We also discuss the use of Java's inheritance mechanism in the construction of a hierarchy of physics-systems objects and linear and non-linear solver objects that simplify development and foster software re-use. As a compliment to the discussion of these object hierarchies, we provide a brief review of the Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov nonlinear system solution method and discuss how it fits into our design. Following this, we show results from preliminary calculations and then discuss future plans including the extension of the software to distributed memory computer systems.
Discussion of “Accelerated motion of a spherical particle”

In considering the accelerated motion of spheres in a viscous fluid, the author has restricted himself to consideration of only simple harmonic motions of the fluid field and the sphere. The author's equation of motion (Eq. 11) for a suspended sphere is true only when the solution yields a relative displacement (x- a) which is sinusoidal in time. Otherwise, the apparent mass factor k, and the damping coefficient A have no meaning, because they are both based on the Stokes solution for an oscillating sphere given in LAMB (1945, see References at end of published paper, p. 721}. Both k and A are functions of the circular frequency ω as they are defined by (1), (2), and (3).
Breaking the Rule of Discipline in Interdisciplinarity: Redefining Professors, Students, and Staff as Faculty

In this article we attempt to complicate traditional--and, we argue, limited and exclusionary--definitions of interdisciplinarity as the bringing into dialogue of established disciplines without questioning the parameters and practices of those disciplines. We propose that interdisciplinarity instead might mean teaching and learning among, between, and in the midst of those of innate or learned capacities--not only college faculty but also students and staff. To illustrate this more radical iteration of interdisciplinarity, we draw on a range of definitions of the key terms, “discipline” and “faculty,” and we offer a case study of a workshop we co-facilitated in which we brought differently positioned individuals together to engage in the educational process and the production of knowledge. We hope that this discussion contributes to expanding the notions and practices of interdisciplinarity.
A novel two domain-fusion protein in cyanobacteria with similarity to the CAB/ELIP/HLIP superfamily: evolutionary implications and regulation.

Vascular plants contain abundant, light-harvesting complexes in the thylakoid membrane that are non-co- valently associated with chlorophylls and carotenoids. These light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding (LHC) proteins are members of an extended CAB/ELIP/HLIP superfamily of distantly related polypeptides, which have between one and four transmembrane helices (TMH). This superfamily includes the single TMH, high-light-inducible proteins (Hlips), found in cyanobacteria that are induced by various stress conditions, including high light, and are considered ancestral to the LHC proteins. The roles of, and evolutionary relationships between, these superfamily members are of particular interest, since they function in both light harvesting and photoprotection and may have evolved through tandem gene duplication and fusion events. We have investigated the Hlips (hli gene family) in the thermophilic unicellular cyanobacterium Syn- echococcus OS-B'. The five hli genes present on the genome of Synechococcus OS-B' are relatively similar, but transcript analyses indicate that there are different patterns of transcript accumulation when the cells are exposed to various growth conditions, suggesting that different Hlips may have specific functions. Hlip5 has an additional TMH at the N-terminus as a result of a novel fusion event. This additional TMH is very similar to a conserved hypothetical, single membrane-spanning polypeptide present in most cyanobacteria. The evolutionary significance of these results is discussed.
Different levels of Fos immunoreactivity after repeated handling and injection stress in two inbred strains of mice

Expression of Fos and Fos-related antigens was immunohistochemically analyzed in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J inbred mice in response to acute or repeated handling and injection stress. Both strains showed a strong induction of Fos and Fos-related antigens in discrete areas of hypothalamus, amygdala, neocortex, septum, and thalamus 2 h after an acute intraperitoneal injection of normal saline. To habituate animals to this procedure, mice were subjected to repeated handling and injections during 2 weeks preceding the experiment. This procedure led to complete habituation of the immediate early gene response to injection stress in stress-responsive brain areas of C57BL/6J mice, such that no significant difference was found between expression of these proteins in brains of saline-injected animals after repeated stress vs. control animals. In contrast, many brain areas of saline-injected DBA/2J mice still showed elevated Fos and Fos-related antigen expression after repeated injections. These results indicate that identical habituation procedures do not necessarily lead to identical levels of gene expression in brains of inbred strains of mice. In turn, they suggest that genetic components for some behavioral and pharmacological traits identified using inbred strains could be related to different rates of habituation to experimental procedures.
Severe systemic vasospasm causing recurrent cardiac arrest after orthotopic heart transplantation.

pro-apoptotic effects on plasma cells and thus decreases antibody production. In our case, bortezomib has shown efficacy as rescue therapy for recurrent AMR despite the fact that no DSAs have been detected. Beyond the treatment of AMR, bortezomib has also been used in desensitization therapies prior to transplantation. Bortezomib decreases levels of panel reactive antibodies (PRA) in sensitized patients. The patient has continued on a stable outpatient course at 12 months after treatment. The proteasome inhibitor–based therapy with bortezomib appears to be a promising therapeutic option for recurrent AMR.
Spiral wave activity: a possible common mechanism for polymorphic and monomorphic ventricular tachycardias.

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the electrocardiographic patterns observed during various forms of polymorphic ventricular tachycardias, including torsades de pointes. Such mechanisms include the coexistence of either multiple foci or multiple exit pathways from single foci giving rise to various forms of aberrant ventricular activation sequences. For example, the simultaneous firing of two widely spaced foci at slightly different frequencies has been used to explain the undulating electrocardiogram that is characteristic of torsades de pointes. However, in spite of some supporting experimental evidence, such an idea remains conjectural from the clinical point of view. Here I discuss a mechanism that has been proposed recently to explain both monomorphic and polymorphic patterns (including undulating patterns) of ventricular tachycardia. The hypothesis is derived from the theory of spiral wave activity in excitable media, and from recent experiments using high resolution optical mapping in isolated two-dimensional ventricular muscle preparations that demonstrate that spiral wave activity may account for self-sustaining reentrant activation. Such studies have led to the observation that the behavior of the spiral center, the core, plays a key role in determining the electrocardiographic manifestation of the arrhythmia. Indeed, a stationary position of the core results in a monomorphic pattern of activation. On the other hand, beat-to-beat changes in the core position (i.e., drifting) leads to irregular patterns of activation. In fact, when drifting occurs in one direction, it gives rise to a Doppler shift in the excitation period in such a way that two coexisting frequencies are manifest, one ahead of and one behind the drifting core. The activation frequency in the region ahead of the core is always higher than that behind the core. Under such conditions, electrocardiographic recordings of the activity demonstrate an undulating pattern, which resembles that of torsades de pointes. When the core drifts in various directions, a polymorphic pattern is manifest. Thus, depending on spiral core dynamics, monomorphic, undulating, or completely irregular patterns may be observed. Moreover, transitions between such patterns can also occur. For example, drifting spirals giving rise to polymorphic activation can become stationary and result in monomorphic activation as a result of anchoring of the core to a small discontinuity (e.g., an artery or small scar) in the tissue. Direct extrapolation of such results to clinical cases is not appropriate. However, the observations discussed in this article offer a new testable hypothesis in which a common mechanism is postulated for the electrocardiographic patterns associated with monomorphic and polymorphic tachycardias.
Vitamin D activity and colorectal neoplasia: a pathway approach to epidemiologic studies.

The relationship of vitamin D with colorectal and other cancers is a rapidly expanding field of study. The pathway through which vitamin D exerts transcriptional effects is complex and involves the action of other nutrients. Recent epidemiologic work underscores the importance of considering the
A statistical analysis of the mechanical and electronic-transport properties of stochastic porous fibrous materials

Computer simulations are used to analyze mechanical and electronic-transport properties and their degradation in stochastic porous fibrous materials. Such materials are currently being used for electrochemical substrates in advanced battery technologies such as the nickel/metal-hydride and lithium-ion technologies. It is found that due a structural damage, material mechanical and electron-transport properties degrade during loading at a progressively higher rate leading ultimately to a complete loss of the material ability to support mechanical load or to conduct electrical current. A statistical sensitivity analysis is also developed which could be used in the design and fabrication of stochastic porous fibrous materials in order to ensure that a desired minimum level of the failure strength is attained at a sufficiently high probability.