cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shewanella knowledgebase: integration of the experimental data and computational predictions suggests a biological role for transcription of intergenic regions

Shewanellae are facultative γ-proteobacteria whose remarkable respiratory versatility has resulted in interest in their utility for bioremediation of heavy metals and radionuclides and for energy generation in microbial fuel cells. Extensive experimental efforts over the last several years and the availability of 21 sequenced Shewanella genomes made it possible to collect and integrate a wealth of information on the genus into one public resource providing new avenues for making biological discoveries and for developing a system level understanding of the cellular processes. The Shewanella knowledgebase was established in 2005 to provide a framework for integrated genome-based studies on Shewanella ecophysiology. The present version of the knowledgebase provides access to a diverse set of experimental and genomic data along with tools for curation of genome annotations and visualization and integration of genomic data with experimental data. As a demonstration of the utility of this resource, we examined a single microarray data set from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 for new insights into regulatory processes. The integrated analysis of the data predicted a new type of bacterial transcriptional regulation involving co-transcription of the intergenic region with the downstream gene and suggested a biological role for co-transcription that likely prevents the binding of a regulator of the upstream gene to the regulator binding site located in the intergenic region. Database URL: http://shewanella-knowledgebase.org:8080/Shewanella/ or http://spruce.ornl.gov:8080/Shewanella/
Community Associates of an Exotic Gallmaker, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), in Eastern North America

Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is a potentially devastating exotic invasive gall wasp that is rapidly spreading throughout the eastern United States, and infests all species of chestnut, Castanea spp. We investigated the community associates of D. kuriphilus in three geographic locations: Meadowview, VA, Bowling Green, KY, and Broadview Heights, OH. Dissection of galls and observation of chamber contents revealed that gall wasp larval mortality is approaching 47%, and parasitism accounts for nearly 70% of the mortality. Six parasitoid wasp species emerged from chestnut galls, including one introduced species and five of unknown origin. The life histories of each parasitoid and their potential roles within the D. kuriphilus community complex are discussed. Investigation of parasitoid interactions revealed a negative correlation between certain parasitoids, suggesting competition for resources, hyperparasitism, or both. The small chestnut weevil, Curculio sayi (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), caused external damage to galls. Galls also were readily attacked by an unknown fungal pathogen resulting in gall wasp larval mortality. This study is the first to investigate the community associates of D. kuriphilus in North America. Our results have beneficial implications for commercial chestnut production, blight resistance breeding programs, and restoration of American chestnut.
Dynamic Biogeography of Prairie Dog (Cynomys Ludovicianus) Towns Near the Edge of Their Range

Abstract Despite the broad and relatively stable distribution of the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) throughout much of the Pleistocene and Holocene, anthropogenic activities have reduced the current range of this native grassland species and its associated biotic community to 10 ha by comparing locations of extant towns to those of protected public lands. Prairie dog towns in this region now represent only 1% of presettlement estimates and continue to decline in total acreage because of advanced agricultural practices, systemat...
The discount sequence

The particular discount sequence plays a critical role in any bandit or other decision problem. Various interpretations of discount sequences are discussed in this chapter. One purpose of the discussion is to aid a user in choosing an appropriate sequence; another is to motivate interest in the generality of discounting allowed in this monograph.
Feringhee Dharma: Augustinians, Amerindians and a Bengali deity in an early modern Iberian world

ABSTRACTDharma Thakur has been widely studied as a Bengali folk deity. As an exemplary ‘folk’ deity, scholarship on him has been resolutely focused within a discrete local space. Scholars have sought to dig deep into a local past to understand the deity and his cult. As a result, the more recent historical contexts and particularly the impact of European Christianity upon such deities have been entirely ignored. Using one of the earliest texts of the cult, viz. Rupram Chakrabarty’s seventeenth-century Dharmamangal, I challenge this insular local spatiality. By first locating Rupram himself in his contemporary social and political world, I show his proximity to Portuguese settlements and Augustinian churches. I then use the material culture of foods described in the text to show Rupram’s implication in an early modern Iberian world. In the last two sections, I delve into narrative episodes of the text that reveal complex theological dialogues not only with Portuguese Catholicism, but also indirectly with d...
Influence of Chemical Factors on Palatability of Forage to Voles

Laboratory-feeding trials were used to test the palatability of 15 plant species to two species of voles ( Microtus pennsylvanicus and M. ochrogaster ) in central Illinois. The intake of different plant species was compared to the chemical composition of plants, as measured by nitrogen, water, fiber, alkaloid, and phenolics, and to selectivity for plants by voles in the field. Palatability of plants varied greatly; some species were ignored but others were consumed heavily. The most palatable plant species in our laboratory trials were those previously reported as species selected for in the field. The relative payabilities of plants were similar for both vole species. Multiple-regression analyses incorporating chemical characteristics for all the plants explained a maximum of 29% of the variance in consumption. However, when only consumed plants were considered, as much as 73% of the variance was explained by nitrogen level and substances that reduce digestibility (fiber and protein-binding phenolics). Plants not eaten by either vole species are known to contain toxic compounds. These results support the hypothesis that food selection by generalist herbivores is a two-step process: plant characteristics that determine which plant species are avoided may differ from characteristics that determine the level of consumption of those eaten.
Pediatric and adult trauma centers differ in evaluation, treatment, and outcomes for severely injured adolescents.

Abstract Background/purpose This study aims to investigate differences in imaging, procedure utilization, and clinical outcomes of severely injured adolescents treated at adult versus pediatric trauma centers. Methods The National Trauma Data Bank was queried retrospectively for adolescents, 15–19years old, with a length of stay (LOS) >1day and Injury Severity Score (ISS) >25 treated at adult (ATC) or pediatric (PTC) Level 1 trauma centers from 2007 to 2011. Patient demographics and utilization of imaging and procedures were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to compare outcomes. Results Of 12,861 adolescents, 51% were treated at ATC. Older age and more nonwhites were seen at ATC (p Conclusions Severely injured adolescents experience improved outcomes and decreased imaging and invasive procedures without additional mortality risk when treated at PTC. PTC is an appropriate destination for severely injured adolescents.
Reversal of one-kidney, one-clip hypertension by unclipping: the renal, sodium-volume relationship reexamined.

SummaryThe kidney exerts an antihypertensive function that appears, in part, to countervail the prohypertensive actions of Na-volume loads. This function seems to require a normal, or near normal, renal hemodynamic state. The time course for this renal action is dependent on the state of the body fluids, rapid with contracted body fluids, intermediate with normal body fluids, and prolonged with body fluid expansion.The similarities in the antihypertensive action of UCA and transplants of RIC suggest a commonality of action between these procedures. It is suggested that the common denominator between these procedures is the antihypertensive action of the RIC. The mediator(s) of this action is unknown. The most prominent candidate(s) for the mediation are lipids extracted from renal medulla and cultured RIC.
Sensitivity of exercise-induced increase in hepatic glucose production to glucose supply and demand

It was hypothesized that the exercise-induced changes in glucoregulatory hormones and glucose production (Ra) occur as a result of a small deficit in glucose availability. To test this, 18-h fasted dogs performed 150 min of treadmill exercise with either the liver as the sole source of glucose (controls, n = 5) or with glucose infused from 0 to 50 min (period 1) and from 100 to 150 min (period 3) at rates designed to track the glucose utilization (Rd) response (ExoGlc, n = 5). The liver alone supplied glucose from 50 to 100 min (period 2). Isotopic and arteriovenous methods were used to assess Ra, Rd, and gluconeogenesis (GNG). Variable [3H]glucose infusion and frequent sampling were used to facilitate Ra measurements. Arterial glucose declined by -3.1 +/- 1.4, -4.3 +/- 2.9, and -6.4 +/- 3.7 mg/dl in periods 1-3 in controls (changes are mean values during each of the 50-min periods; P < 0.05). In ExoGlc, arterial glucose did not deviate from basal in periods 1 (+0.1 +/- 1.8 mg/dl) and 3 (+1.5 +/- 4.5 mg/dl) but fell from basal (P < 0.05) by the same amount as controls in period 2 (-5.7 +/- 2.1 mg/dl). Matching the Rd response with exogenous glucose led to increases in arterial and portal vein plasma insulin levels (P < 0.05) but did not affect glucagon, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol levels. Ra was elevated by 3.1 +/- 0.5, 4.0 +/- 1.1, and 4.7 +/- 1.1 mg.kg-1.min-1 in periods 1-3 in controls (P < 0.05). In ExoGlc, Ra rose by 0.0 +/- 0.4, 4.1 +/- 1.4 (P < 0.05), and 0.4 +/- 0.7 mg.kg-1.min-1, respectively, in periods 1-3. The rise in Ra was reduced in periods 1 and 3 of ExoGlc compared with controls (P < 0.02). GNG rose to approximately 250% basal in controls and did not respond with any significant difference in ExoGlc. In summary, the exercise-induced increases in counterregulatory hormones and GNG are present even when a deficit in glucose supply is eliminated by an exogenous glucose infusion. In contrast, the fall in insulin and the rise in hepatic glycogenolysis are greatly attenuated. The regulatory components affected by exogenous glucose predominate at the liver as deviations in plasma glucose of approximately 4% correspond to approximately 60% changes in Ra.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
DNA Release from a Bioelectronic Interface Stimulated by a DNA Signal – Amplification of DNA Signals

A new bioelectronic system activated by a DNA-signal and releasing another DNA has been designed. The system was composed of two modified electrodes: one electrode functionalized with enzymes was activated with a DNA-signal, while another electrode coated with an alginate film released pre-loaded DNA species, when the first electrode was activated. The sensing electrode was functionalized with pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) producing negative potential in the presence of glucose. This bioelectrocatalytic process was inhibited by the presence of glucose oxidase (GOx) at the external surface of the biomolecular system organized on the electrode surface through a DNA-linker. GOx consumed incoming glucose and did not allow its penetration to the internal layer functionalized with PQQ-GDH, thus leaving the electrode mute. The DNA-signal resulted in the detachment of GOx and activated the process biocatalyzed by PQQ-GDH due to penetration of glucose to the internal layer at the electrode surface. Finally, formation of a negative potential on the sensing electrode resulted in the activation of the second electrode and DNA release from the alginate matrix. The Sense-and-Act system allowed amplification of the DNA-signal by releasing much higher amount of DNA comparing with the applied DNA-signal. The DNA-signal amplification will find applications in various biosensor and biomolecular computing systems.
Shell morphology and suture complexity in Upper Carboniferous ammonoids

Principal components analysis of Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) ammonoids (all 117 genera), using 21 variables to measure shell geometry, sculpture and suture complexity, shows that following a sharp decline (∼30%) in generic diversity after the mid-Carboniferous boundary, seven morphotypes persisted throughout the Pennsylvanian (ca. 30 m.y.). Six of these were polyphyletically adopted at different times, while the seventh was monopolized by the prolecanitids, a group whose evolution accelerated during the Pennsylvanian and later gave rise to Mesozoic ammonoids. Innovations in suture geometry distinguished at least 17 of 39 (44%) Pennsylvanian ammonoid families. Average suture complexity increased almost threefold; this was achieved by various methods (lobe serration, insertion of umbilical elements, prong subdivision, lobe trifurcation, and secondary bifurcation), which were recurrent and crossed morphotype boundaries. The Pennsylvanian record supports suggestions that Paleozoic ammonoids were confined to a certain suite of basic shell geometries, showing preference for a limited number of sites in the spectrum of available morphospace. However, these morphic constraints did not, with one possible exception (the prolecanitids), control the emergence of increasing sutural complexity during the Pennsylvanian, which occurred among different lineages in all seven morphotypes.
Dynamic Simulation of Evaporator of Natural Circulation Evaporator Based on Inter-component Volume Methodology

Evaporator is a critical component of natural circulation drum boiler with a consideration of heat transfer.An interesting challenge for researcher is to develop a concrete evaporator simulation model for the exploration of boiler characteristics.Based on the previous efforts in open literature,this paper begin to refine the inner structure division,then implements modularization modeling method to develop a dynamic evaporator simulation model.Specifically inter-component volume methodology is used.Finally,concrete simulations are conducted and results show that the proposed model can satisfy with an optimistic operating range of drum boiler.Moreover,the iteration problem of traditional method is resolved.It is believed that the efforts in this work are valuable inproposing a reference for similar research.
On Attentive Love in Education: The Case of Courage to Teach

In this essay, I explore the thesis that love and attention to inner, other, and outer realms are central to teaching and learning. Many teachers who have the potential to be excellent teachers leave teaching because of the institutional obstacles that contort and distort their loves and their ability to grow them. In the first part of the essay, I focus on Thomas Keating’s contemplative approach and note the role of love as well as sketch the basic outlines of attentive love utilizing the insights of three philosophers: Iris Murdoch, Simone Weil, and Sara Ruddick. In the second part of this essay, I focus on the interaction of love and attention within the Courage to Teach professional development program. I identify and elaborate several contemplative elements, grounded in attentive love, present in Courage renewal work.
Mass Serialization Method for Document Encryption Policy Enforcement

Analytics obtained during the creation of a database of mass serialized codes can also be used to help enforcement of encryption policy on documents. In this paper, we introduce a set of metrics which complement traditional NIST cryptography methods -- 4 mass serialization and one entropy metric -- which in combination can allow a discrimination between encrypted vs. zipped files. We describe the use of these methods to identify a broad range of non-randomness in number sets, and apply them to a more mundane problem-that of automatic assessment of the encryption state of a corpora of documents.
Influence of Temperature on the Fatigue of CC/PWB Joints

This is a study of the low cycle fatigue of chip carrier/ printed wiring board joints tested at -55° C (-67° F) and 125° C (257° F). It is contrasted to a previous study where the joints were tested at 35° C (95° F). The behavior at 35° C and 125° C was the same. Differences were noted, however, at -55° C. The hysteresis loops were distorted. The slopes of the displacement vs. fatigue life curves were slightly lower and the fatigue lives were longer. These differences were especially significant when the change in joint resistance was used to define failure.
Advances in High Repetition Rate Soft X-Ray Lasers: Lasing Down to 10.9 nm and High Brightness Operation of a Seeded Soft X-Ray Amplifier Using a Solid Target

We have demonstrated saturated tabletop lasers operating at 5 Hz repetition rate with microwatt average powers at wavelengths between 18.9 nm and 13.2 nm in the 4d 1P1-4p 1S0 transitions of Ni-like ions. Lasing was also observed on transitions of the same isolectronic sequence for wavelengths as low as 10.9 nm in Ni-like Te, and on transitions near 30 nm in Ne-like ions. The results were obtained using picosecond laser heating pulses with an energy of only 1J by optimizing the grazing incidence angle of the pump beam for maximum energy deposition. As a further step in the development of these lasers we also realized the first demonstration of saturated amplification of a high harmonic seed in a transient collisional soft x-ray laser amplifier created by heating a solid target. A 32.6 nm Ne-like Ti amplifier was used to amplify a seed pulse from the 25th harmonic of Ti:Sa into the gain saturation regime. The amplified beam was measured to approach full spatial coherence. The peak spectral brightness is estimated to be ~ 2x1026 photons/(s.mm2.mrad2 0.01% bandwidth). The scheme is scalable to produce extremely bright lasers at very short wavelength.
Clinical pharmacist understanding of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol guideline.

Background Clinical pharmacists are frequently involved in the management of dyslipidemia, yet clinical pharmacists' knowledge, awareness, and the level of agreement with the 2013 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) cholesterol guideline are unknown. Objective The objective of the study was to examine clinical pharmacists' knowledge, awareness, and the level of agreement with the 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline. Methods We administered a validated questionnaire via an online survey that was electronically mailed to clinical pharmacists. We compared responses between those in practice for ≤ 10 and those in practice for > 10 years, and according to practice specialty. Results The response rate was 11% (314 of 2845). Most respondents were from the Midwestern and Southeastern US, in practice for ≤ 10 years, and practiced in family practice/primary care. Nearly all (92%) respondents had read the guideline and 72% were able to identify the 4 statin benefit groups. Notable knowledge gaps included recalling the 4 outcomes of the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk estimator (41.4%), understanding differences between the Framingham Risk Score and the ASCVD risk estimator (33.7%), and monitoring lipids after initiating a statin (41.1%). More knowledge gaps were identified in those practicing for > 10 years and who specialized in internal medicine. The use of the ASCVD risk estimator was high; yet nearly half (44.2%) were concerned whether the ASCVD risk estimator would overestimate 10-year ASCVD risk. Conclusion Although most clinical pharmacists had read the 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline, several knowledge gaps were identified, especially among those with more experience and those practicing in internal medicine. Targeted education efforts are needed to address these gaps.
Alternative $[SU(3)]^4$ model of leptonic color and dark matter

Abstract The alternative [ S U ( 3 ) ] 4 model of leptonic color and dark matter is discussed. It unifies at M U ∼ 10 14 GeV and has the low-energy subgroup S U ( 3 ) q × S U ( 2 ) l × S U ( 2 ) L × S U ( 2 ) R × U ( 1 ) X with ( u , h ) R instead of ( u , d ) R as doublets under S U ( 2 ) R . It has the built-in global U ( 1 ) dark symmetry which is generalized B – L . In analogy to S U ( 3 ) q quark triplets, it has S U ( 2 ) l hemion doublets which have half-integral charges and are confined by S U ( 2 ) l gauge bosons (stickons). In analogy to quarkonia, their vector bound states (hemionia) are uniquely suited for exploration at a future e − e + collider.
Integrative conservation genetics: Prioritizing populations using climate predictions, adaptive potential and habitat connectivity.

Conservation decisions often involve allocation of scarce resources among many areas of need. Various approaches exist to help prioritize species and populations for conservation. Past efforts have often used relatively narrow, one-dimensional criteria, such as genetic resource value or exposure to threats. What is lacking is a refined, comprehensive prioritization approach including ecological and evolutionary aspects, informed by rich and reliable data. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Razgour et al. () present a new prioritization framework that coherently integrates three dimensions of population vulnerability: exposure to change, sensitivity to change and range shift potential. They measure these dimensions for 10 populations of a European bat using a suite of advanced analysis methods that leverage genomic, environmental and occurrence data. Explicitly recognizing and quantifying the multidimensional nature of conservation priorities is a key advance because it enables a nuanced assessment of each population and identification of populations of high concern along all three dimensions. With some caveats and modifications, this framework could be a major step for conservation prioritization and intervention that is proactive and informed by evolutionary principles.
Oxidative ring-openings of octaethyl-2-oxochlorin: Regioisomeric β-oxobiliverdins

We describe the oxidative ring opening of octaethyl-2-oxochlorin using two different oxidation methods, both providing a mixture of all possible regioisomeric products (8-α through 8-δ). While isom...
Spin-density distribution in ferromagnetic alpha "-Fe16N2.

The electronic structure and the spin-density distribution in \ensuremath{\alpha}''-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{16}$${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ crystal are calculated using the first-principles orthogonalized linear combinations of atomic orbitals method in the local-spin-density approximation. We found no evidence for a giant magnetic moment in this crystal although the Fe(III) site has a large moment of about 2.9${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$. This result contradicts earlier experimental data, but is in close agreement with recent measurements.
STATE GRAPHS AND CONTEXT FREE LANGUAGES

This paper sketches a theory of infinite state graphs for non-regular languages, analogous to the finite state graphs for regular languages. For the context free case, a characterization is provided, and relations to other characterizations are noted.
Risk and Resilience: Similarities and Differences

An increasingly globalized world with wide-ranged and uncertain threats to public health, energy networks, cybersecurity, and many other interconnected facets of infrastructure and human activity, has driven governments such as within the United States, European Union, and elsewhere to further efforts to bolster national resilience and security. Resilience analysis has grown in popularity as a mechanism by which states may judge the safety, security, and flexibility of various complex systems to recover from a range of potential adverse events. Preparation for such hazards is generally thought to include measures of both passive and active resilience and have been described as including considerations of necessary actions and risk considerations before, during, and after a hazardous event takes place. Given all of this, resilience is clearly a subject with radical potential consequences in the preparedness of a nation’s energy, water, transportation, healthcare, emergency response, communications, and financial sectors to prepare for and recover from external shocks of a significant magnitude.
Editors' Introduction: Best Papers From the 2018 International Conference on Cognitive Modeling.

The International Conference on Cognitive Modeling brings together researchers from around the world whose main goal is to build computational systems that reflect the internal processes of the mind. In this issue, we present the four best representative papers on this work from our 18th meeting, ICCM 2020, which was also the first meeting to be held virtually. Two of these papers develop novel techniques for building larger and more complex models using Reinforcement Learning and Learning By Instruction, respectively. The other two show how cognitive models connect to neuroscience, drawing on details of the hippocampus and cerebellum to constrain and explain the cognitive processes involved in memory and conditioning.
Engineering Gender Identities of Women in a Service-Learning Context

This Research Work in Progress Paper explores the identities of women engineers within the EPICS Program at Purdue University. This study builds on previous research on engineering cultures and identities in which women often have to minimize or alter feminine aspects of their identities in order to fit in and be perceived as competent. However, engineering service-learning contexts have an opportunity to provide an environment that challenges traditional engineering cultures, values, and identities with its focus on societal impact and integration of human-centered design processes. Furthermore, service-learning programs like EPICS and community-driven organizations like Engineers Without Borders (EWB) are typically more gender-balanced in contrast to significant underrepresentation of women in traditional disciplines like electrical and mechanical engineering. Empirical research is needed to determine the role of gender in such engineering contexts that may hinder or aid expressions of gender and identity. Using an ethnographic case study approach to examine video-recorded observations and in-depth interviews, we explore the social identities of three women engineers within the EPICS engineering service learning program. In this work-in-progress paper, we provide a brief summary of the literature related to engineering culture and identity, and describe the engineering service-learning context, methods and preliminary findings of the study, as well as directions for future research.
Gender equality narratives, the right and democracy: developing a comparative tool from the case of the 2017 French Presidential election

The increased use of gender equality appeals by right-wing parties, and the inclusion of “gender equality” among touted “European” or “liberal values,” requires scholarly analysis. The variety of narratives available, and their differing policy consequences, make this research important, particularly in light of its politicization and potential to enhance, or undermine, the liberal aspects of modern democracy. This paper provides an original, two-dimensional tool with which to differentiate between gender equality narratives, based on comprehensiveness of policy proposals and the underlying individualist or communalist ontologies found in right-wing rhetoric. This tool is then used to examine the gender equality appeals made by right-wing candidates in the 2017 French Presidential elections. Campaign documents used by Francois Fillon, Marine Le Pen, and Alain Juppe were analyzed in order to understand how “new” right-wing narratives of gender equality differed from the “classical” gender equality narratives of the center and center-left. This case revealed the existence of four gender equality narratives used by these candidates—comprehensive, post-colonial, imminent threat, and essentialist. These narratives, and the comparative tool developed here, can be used in future research to examine right- and left-wing narratives of gender equality in other liberal democratic states.
88 Assessment of clinical classification criteria-based computational phenotypes to detect patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in electronic health records

Background Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations that can occur over a long period of time. Electronic health record (EHR) data presents a rich source of information that can be used to understand the varied presentation of SLE. We examined three clinical classification criteria for SLE to assess whether they could be a foundation for phenotype-based detection of patients with SLE in EHR data. Methods We assessed algorithm performance over 600 medical records from the Northwestern Medicine Electronic Data Warehouse, 472 of which had definite SLE and 128 which did not, based on chart review. We developed algorithms, based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) and the proposed European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria using only structured data elements (diagnosis codes (ICD9/ICD10) and lab results) to determine whether patients met the classification criteria for definite SLE. Results As shown in table 1, the overall identification rate of SLE ranged from 58% to 78% across the three algorithms. All three criteria-based algorithms had greater than 95% specificity and greater than 98% positive predictive value (PPV). Sensitivity of the algorithms ranged from 52% to 69% and negative predictive value (NPV) from 35% to 55%. The SLICC-based algorithm had the overall highest performance, detecting 78% of the patients with definite SLE as determined by chart review, with 99% PPV, 69% sensitivity, 98% specificity and 55% NPV. Conclusions The ACR-, SLICC- and proposed EULAR/ACR- based EHR algorithms all detect a significant proportion of patients that were classified as having definite SLE by chart review, with high PPV and specificity. Low NPV of all three algorithms likely reflects undetected cases of SLE resulting from low detection of clinical and laboratory criteria (such as arthralgia and ANA tests) that are not consistently documented in structured data in the medical record. Use of structured data improves portability of the algorithms to other EHR datasets, but may have reduced the ability of the algorithms to detect important/highly weighted classification criteria that are documented primarily in free text notes. All three algorithms may improve through use of natural language processing (NLP) of physician notes for criteria that were difficult to detect using only diagnosis codes and labs, but may reduce portability as a result of the customization required for NLP to be effective. Funding Source(s): National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R21 AR072263) and NHGRI U01HG006388
Comparative description and taxonomy of new hominin juvenile mandibles from the Pliocene of Woranso-Mille (Central Afar, Ethiopia)

Abstract Mandibular morphology of Australopithecus afarensis is well known based on abundant fossil mandibles of adult individuals from multiple sites in Ethiopia (Hadar, Woranso-Mille, and Middle Awash) and Tanzania (Laetoli). However, there are only a few juvenile mandibles of the species known from these sites. Here, we describe two recently discovered Pliocene hominin juvenile mandibles from Woranso-Mille (KSD-VP-1/29 and MKM-VP-1/626), that have been radioisotopically dated to 3.6 million years ago. We assign these mandibles to Australopithecus afarensis based on their possession of mandibular morphological features considered as distinctive of the species. These specimens not only increase the sample size of juvenile mandibles of A. afarensis from poorly known time period, but also add new information on the degree of variability in juvenile mandibular morphology within the species. Their dentition samples the whole spectrum of size and shape variation in A. afarensis. Our analysis further indicates that symphyseal morphology of the Laetoli mandibles of early A. afarensis falls within the range of variation of mandibles of the species from Hadar, Woranso-Mille, and Middle Awash. Moreover, the fact that the new 3.6 million-year-old juvenile mandibles from Woranso-Mille have a more receeding symphysis than any of the juvenile and most adult mandibles of A. afarensis from the younger Hadar sequence lends support to the observed trend in symphyseal morphological change in the A. anamensis–A. afarensis chronospecies lineage.
On the Relationship Between Impedances of Active Implantable Medical Devices and Device Safety Under MRI RF Emission

Impedances of different portions of active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) can influence its magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio-frequency (RF) safety dramatically. To better understand this behavior, in this article, we analytically derive relationships between the impedances of AIMDs and the MRI RF safety. Numerical simulations and measurements are performed to validate the proposed relationships. In addition, effective measurement setups for the AIMD impedances are proposed. The analysis in this article gives a clear design strategy for MR-conditional safe AIMDs.
Comparison of the phase and absorption contrast tomographic reconstruction

Analyzer-based Imaging (ABI) belongs to a broader family of phase-contrast (PC) X-ray techniques. PC measures X-ray deflection phenomena when interacting with tissue, which is known to provide higher contrast images of soft tissue than other X-ray methods. This has a very important interest in the medical field, specially for mammogram applications. This paper presents a simulation study to compare the sensitivity of filtered back projection of absorption based imaging (implemented by FDK - a method usually used in the conventional X-ray computed tomography) and the phase contrast tomographic imaging. These results are based on previously proposed simulation tool for a table-top ABI systems using a conventional polychromatic X-ray source. In our experiments we evaluated images obtained under different errors in reconstruction parameters namely: the detector’s offset in position, the distance source to the detector (DSD) or source to the object (DSO).
Active Intent Disambiguation for Shared Control Robots

Assistive shared-control robots have the potential to transform the lives of millions of people afflicted with severe motor impairments. The usefulness of shared-control robots typically relies on the underlying autonomy’s ability to infer the user’s needs and intentions, and the ability to do so unambiguously is often a limiting factor for providing appropriate assistance confidently and accurately. The contributions of this paper are four-fold. First, we introduce the idea of intent disambiguation via control mode selection, and present a mathematical formalism for the same. Second, we develop a control mode selection algorithm which selects the control mode in which the user-initiated motion helps the autonomy to maximally disambiguate user intent. Third, we present a pilot study with eight subjects to evaluate the efficacy of the disambiguation algorithm. Our results suggest that the disambiguation system (a) helps to significantly reduce task effort, as measured by number of button presses, and (b) is of greater utility for more limited control interfaces and more complex tasks. We also observe that (c) subjects demonstrated a wide range of disambiguation request behaviors, with the common thread of concentrating requests early in the execution. As our last contribution, we introduce a novel field-theoretic approach to intent inference inspired by dynamic field theory that works in tandem with the disambiguation scheme.
Effect of Temperature-Induced Moment-Shear Interaction on Fire Resistance of Steel Beams

The interaction between bending and shear effects in steel beams can be amplified under fire conditions due to rapid degradation in strength and stiffness properties of steel, together with temperature-induced local instability effects. This paper presents temperature-induced moment-shear (M-V) interaction phenomenon in compact (Class 1) steel beams. Results generated from numerical studies are utilized to quantify the effects of temperature-induced critical parameters influencing moment-shear interaction, shear and flexural sectional capacity, as well as instability in steel beams under fire conditions. The major findings of this work are two folds: (1) occurrence of temperature-induced instability adversely reduces shear capacity, as compared to flexural capacity, and (2) this rapid degradation in shear capacity trigger moment–shear interaction phenomenon at elevated temperatures. Eventually, this shifts failure mode in steel beams towards a shear dominant failure mechanism on the interaction envelope.
TEAMwork! An Innovative Hospital Medicine Teaching Program

Background: Competency-based medical education and professional development are dependent on direct observations, feedback, teaching, and evaluations. Yet, high physician workload and multiple learners limit these efforts. A local needs assessment revealed a deficit of small group teachings, direct observations, and high-quality written evaluations for learners of all levels, from students to faculty. In response, we created a Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) teaching program, known as “TEAM” (Teaching Excellence Among Medical Providers), to enhance the educational experience of learners. Objective: To describe the development, implementation, …
Eminent Domain and the Psychology of Property Rights

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Kelo v. City of New London, allowing governments to force the sale of private property to promote economic development, provoked bipartisan and widespread public outrage. Given that the decision in Kelo was rendered virtually inevitable by the Court's earlier public use decisions, what accounts for the dread and dismay that the decision provoked among ordinary citizens? We conducted two experiments that represent an early effort at addressing a few of the many possible causes underlying the Kelo backlash. Together, these studies show the limits of both case law and a law and economics perspective in understanding Kelo and eminent domain. Our experiments demonstrate that subjective attachment and type of public purpose loom large in determining the justice of a taking. We have only begun to map out the contours of this response, but these initial findings show promise in helping to build a more democratic model for the law and policies dealing with takings.
49 Days of Mourning for George Floyd: An Asian American Re-awakening in St. Paul

Referring to the Vietnam antiwar movement has become a way to dodge the complexity and confusion of the post-1975 Asian American experience. To build Afro-Asian solidarity in the era of Black Lives...
Electric driving of magnetization dynamics in a hybrid insulator

Established forms of electromagnetic coupling are usually conservative (in insulators) or dissipative (in metals and semiconductors). Here, we point out the possibility of nondissipative electric driving of magnetization dynamics, if the valence electronic states have nontrivial topology in the combined space of crystal momentum and magnetization configuration. We provide a hybrid insulator system to demonstrate that the topology-based nonconservative electrical generalized force is capable of supporting sustained magnetization motion in the presence of Gilbert damping, with quantized and steady energy pumping into magnetization motion from the electric field. We also generalize our results to magnetic textures, and discuss an electric-field-induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction which can be nonconservative.
Characterization of Secondary Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Use in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19 Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Background:COVID-19 has a widely variable clinical syndrome that is difficult to distinguish from bacterial sepsis, leading to high rates of antibiotic use. Early studies indicate low rates of seco...
The (Possible) Future of Cyborg Healthcare: Depictions of Disability in Cyberpunk 2077

In the social imagination, cyborgs often invoke visions of super-humans entangled with cutting-edge technology capable of surpassing the limits of the human body. However, the focus on futuristic h...
Texas Resistance: Mexican American Studies and the Fight Against Whiteness and White Supremacy in K-12 at the Turn of the 21st Century

This essay recounts the efforts by various groups throughout Texas with a special emphasis on the Rio Grande Valley to implement Mexican American Studies at the turn of the twenty-first century. We offer a historical timeline of events that demonstrates how the Mexican American Studies course came into existence. We also detail the way in which some Mexican American Studies courses were implemented. In other cases, we describe the way different groups were able to offer professional development to teachers to help them incorporate more Mexican American Studies content in their non-Mexican American studies courses or provide the community with the resources on how to include Mexican American Studies at their school. The common theme throughout is an undeniable resistance and mobilization on the part of many, hundreds, of educators, students, and community members to ensure that the youth do not continue to receive a whitewashed education, to ensure that students receive a more accurate representation of history, culture, language, and literature. In essence, the essay details a very hard-fought battle against White supremacy in the schools at the turn of the twenty-first century in Texas in which Mexican American Studies emerged victorious many steps of the way.
Brain Stimulation Treatments in Epilepsy: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Advances.

Abstract Drug-resistant epilepsy, characterized by ongoing seizures despite appropriate trials of anti-seizure medications, affects approximately one-third of people with epilepsy. Brain stimulation has recently become available as an alternative treatment option to reduce symptomatic seizures in short and long-term follow-up studies. Several questions remain on how to optimally develop patient-specific treatments and manage therapy over the long term. This review aims to discuss the clinical use and mechanisms of action of Responsive Neural Stimulation and Deep Brain Stimulation in the treatment of epilepsy and highlight recent advances that may both improve outcomes and present new challenges. Finally, a rational approach to device selection is presented based on current mechanistic understanding, clinical evidence, and device features.
Midazolam with Haloperidol versus Lorazepam with Haloperidol for Agitation: Effect on Emergency Department Lengths of Stay.

Emergency department (ED) encounters for acute agitation are common. Although nonpharmacologic interventions such as verbal de-escalation and patient engagement are first-line interventions for acute agitation, parenteral medications are often required to ensure safety and facilitate patient care. There is no consensus recommendation on pharmacologic agents for acute agitation, however emergency clinicians have historically utilized an anti-psychotic, benzodiazepine, and/or antihistamine - as monotherapy or in some combination.1,2.
Elected parameters of agricultural enterprises in higher situated areas of the Czech Republic

Agriculture in higher situated regions in the Czech Republic has a great importance, because into this group of less favored areas fall at about one half of all enterprises. They are concentrated mostly in four geographical areas: Sumava mountains, West - Bohemian area, Bohemian - Moravian highland and North - east Moravian region. The first three of them were examined and results are in this article. These parameters were examined: legal entrepreneurial form, see level of the administrative center, number of employees and specialization. The necessary data were obtained from the Czech Statistical Institution and grouped and classified in different ways.
Dynamics of Energy and Electron Transfer in the FMO-Reaction Center Core Complex from the Phototrophic Green Sulfur Bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum.

The reaction center core (RCC) complex and the RCC with associated Fenna–Matthews–Olson protein (FMO-RCC) complex from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum were studied comparatively by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) and femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption (TA) spectroscopies. The energy transfer efficiency from the FMO to the RCC complex was calculated to be ∼40% based on the steady-state fluorescence. TRF showed that most of the FMO complexes (66%), regardless of the fact that they were physically attached to the RCC, were not able to transfer excitation energy to the reaction center. The TA spectra of the RCC complex showed a 30–38 ps lifetime component regardless of the excitation wavelengths, which is attributed to charge separation. Excitonic equilibration was shown in TA spectra of the RCC complex when excited into the BChl a Qx band at 590 nm and the Chl a Qy band at 670 nm, while excitation at 840 nm directly populated the low-energy excited state and equ...
Use of selective silver impregnation of neuronal degeneration as a biomarker for assessing organophosphorus-induced neuropathy in the central nervous system. A review

Exposure to selected groups of organophosphorus compounds has been shown to result in neuronal degeneration in both avian and mammalian nervous systems. Previous investigators, using hematoxylin and eosin stains, concluded that the degeneration resulting from exposure to these compounds was restricted to peripheral nerves and to long fiber tracts of the spinal cord and lower brainstem. We re-examined the results of exposure to the organophosphorus compounds tri-o-tolyl phosphate, diisopropylphosphorofluoridate, and triphenyl phosphite using a variant of the Fink-Heimer silver impregnation method. This method selectively stains degenerating axons and axon terminals. Chickens, Japanese quail, rats, and mature and immature ferrets were used in these studies because of their differential clinical susceptibility to organophosphorus compounds. Our results indicate that exposure to each compound may result in a variable amount of degeneration within selected nuclei and tracts in the brain and spinal cord. The amount of degeneration seen in each instance corresponds well with the severity of the resultant clinical signs. In addition, the locus and severity of neuronal degeneration is dependent on the particular compound used, the species of animal exposed, and the age of the animal at the time of exposure.
A stabilizing AQM based on virtual queue dynamics in supporting TCP with arbitrary delays

This paper studies how to design a stabilizing AQM in supporting TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) with arbitrary delays. For the well-known AIMD (Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease) dynamic model of TCP, our study shows that we can compensate for arbitrary delays explicitly by applying a modified virtual queue dynamics that makes the equilibrium queuing delay zero. This study also verifies that a simplified AQM AVQ (Adaptive Virtual Queue) is the state-feedback control for the AIMD model based on the virtual queue dynamics.