cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple Keratoacanthomas, Philadelphia Chromosome+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, and Dasatinib: A Case Report

Background: Treatment for adult Philadelphia chromosome + acute lymphoblastic leukemia includes using dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and keratoacanthomas are common findings in patients treated with BRAF inhibitors of tyrosine kinases. No documentation of dasatinib inducing multiple keratoacanthomas, squamous cell carcinomas type during treatment of Philadelphia chromosome + acute lymphoblastic leukemia is currently available. Case: A 77-year-old Caucasian male presented to the dermatology clinic two months after starting treatment with dasatinib for Philadelphia chromosome positive + acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biopsies confirmed the lesions on the arms, chest, legs and back as keratoacanthoma (KA) type of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The cutaneous lesions were surgically removed and no new or recurrent lesions were detected since their initial rapid onset despite continued dasatinib therapy. Conclusion: This report of the rapid onset of keratoacanthoma type squamous cell carcinomas in a patient with Philadelphia chromosome + acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with dasatinib is presumed to be the first due to the rarity of adult Philadelphia chromosome + acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This report documents another tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is associated with the eruption of keratoacanthomas, and adds to the literature regarding the regularity of this relatively common side effect, which may have treatment other than surgery if only a few lesions are present.
The Expanding Prognostic Role of Late Gadolinium Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Identifying prognostic markers is of increasing importance in patients with congestive heart failure of either ischemic or nonischemic etiology. In nonischemic cardiomyopathies, the benefits of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators ([1][1]) and biventricular pacemakers ([2][2]) are well documented
Prevalence and Predictors of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes among Adults 18 Years or Older in Florida: A Multinomial Logistic Modeling Approach.

Background Individuals with pre-diabetes and diabetes have increased risks of developing macro-vascular complications including heart disease and stroke; which are the leading causes of death globally. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes, and to investigate their predictors among adults ≥18 years in Florida. Methods Data covering the time period January-December 2013, were obtained from Florida’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Survey design of the study was declared using SVYSET statement of STATA 13.1. Descriptive analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes. Predictors of pre-diabetes and diabetes were investigated using multinomial logistic regression model. Model goodness-of-fit was evaluated using both the multinomial goodness-of-fit test proposed by Fagerland, Hosmer, and Bofin, as well as, the Hosmer-Lemeshow’s goodness of fit test. Results There were approximately 2,983 (7.3%) and 5,189 (12.1%) adults in Florida diagnosed with pre-diabetes and diabetes, respectively. Over half of the study respondents were white, married and over the age of 45 years while 36.4% reported being physically inactive, overweight (36.4%) or obese (26.4%), hypertensive (34.6%), hypercholesteremic (40.3%), and 26% were arthritic. Based on the final multivariable multinomial model, only being overweight (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] = 1.85, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] = 1.41, 2.42), obese (RRR = 3.41, 95% CI = 2.61, 4.45), hypertensive (RRR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.33, 2.15), hypercholesterolemic (RRR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.55, 2.43), and arthritic (RRR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.55) had significant associations with pre-diabetes. However, more predictors had significant associations with diabetes and the strengths of associations tended to be higher than for the association with pre-diabetes. For instance, the relative risk ratios for the association between diabetes and being overweight (RRR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.55, 2.57), or obese (RRR = 4.04, 95% CI = 3.22, 5.07), hypertensive (RRR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.08, 3.41), hypercholesterolemic (RRR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.61, 2.45) and arthritic (RRR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.58) were all further away from the null than their associations with pre-diabetes. Moreover, a number of variables such as age, income level, sex, and level of physical activity had significant association with diabetes but not pre-diabetes. The risk of diabetes increased with increasing age, lower income, in males, and with physical inactivity. Insufficient physical activity had no significant association with the risk of diabetes or pre-diabetes. Conclusions There is evidence of differences in the strength of association of the predictors across levels of diabetes status (pre-diabetes and diabetes) among adults ≥18 years in Florida. It is important to monitor populations at high risk for pre-diabetes and diabetes, so as to help guide health programming decisions and resource allocations to control the condition.
The Race is On: Early Determination of Neuroprognosis after Cardiac Arrest

It is hard to believe that the first descriptions of brainwaves, later called electroencephalograms (EEGs), are older than ECGs; both are >100 years old. Significant progress has been made in understanding heart and brain functions with the use of novel invasive and noninvasive technologies that allow detailed mapping of structural and functional connections. However, in extreme situations such as cardiac arrest, we still rely, at least initially, on these “ancient” technologies for a quick diagnosis and guidance for treatment. Article see p 1094 EEG in the setting of hypothermia and anoxia has been studied in humans since the 1950s. Specific patterns after cardiac arrest have been associated with prognosis since the 1960s. In early 2000s, therapeutic hypothermia demonstrated improved neurological outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest and quickly became adopted in postarrest care. Simultaneously, the use of continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients increased, which led to the recognition of subclinical seizures occurring in patients after cardiac arrest. As a result of these changes, more EEG data were being collected, and the significance of specific patterns is being explored.1 In this issue of Circulation , Oh et al2 present data from subjects successfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest receiving hypothermia therapy to 33°C for 24 hours. A limited montage amplitude EEG (aEEG) was applied in the emergency department at 2 to 3 hours after return of spontaneous circulation, much faster than in prior cohorts.3,4 Subjects with seizures were treated aggressively and received continuous EEG monitoring thereafter. Of the 130 subjects in the study, 55 (42%) exhibited a good neurological outcome at 6 months after resuscitation. All had normal EEG within 36 hours of resuscitation. One subject with status epilepticus and 1 subject with a burst suppression pattern exhibited good outcomes. The …
Prospects for the Use of Entomopathogenic Fungi for Control of stored-product Pests

Only two fungus species, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, have been given serious attention as possible microbial controls for stored-product pests. Their host ranges are broad, but their potency for the various target insects varies greatly, and some of the most important pests such as the red flour beetle are very tolerant of fungi. Accordingly, strategies are needed to improve the fungal performance. One such strategy is combination with other environmentally benign treatments such as controlled desiccant dusts and controlled atmospheres. Ironically the relatively dryness of stored-product environments favors fungal efficacy. Desiccation stress renders sonic insects more vulnerable to fungi. The longevity of fungus spores is also best under dry conditions. The prospects of fungi for control of stored-product pests can be improved by taking advantage of these phenomena and judicious selection of use venues and application strategies.
Urbanity, the Flâneur, and the Visual Qualities of Urban Design: A Walk in Lisbon, Portugal

The c oncept of urbanity and the literary fi gure of the fl âneur are a platform for del Rio’s exploration of the visual qualities of urban design in Lisbon’s historic core. Drawings are are used throughout this study since they are analyses in themselves and capture the essence of places more than a photo can do. All drawings in this article are by the author.
Valveless-Gas-Turbine Combustors With Pressure Gain

A valveless combustor has been developed which has been tested at one to three atmospheres of pressure. It discharged combustion products at practical turbine-inlet temperatures and at a total pressure above that of the inlet. Developmental problems encountered and results are discussed. The smooth combustor cycle, a phased system of combustor tubes and pulsation traps, achieves steady flow at the inlet and outlet of the combustor system to preserve the high efficiency of today’s turbines and compressors. The combustor will soon be tested on a gas-turbine compressor to verify efficiency gain estimates.Copyright © 1958 by ASME
Gastric disease in ferrets: effects of Helicobacter mustelae, nitrosamines and reconstructive gastric surgery.

PURPOSE Animal models are being used to study the mechanisms by which Helicobacter spp. induce gastric disease. To assess the effects of a natural gastric pathogen, Helicobacter mustelae, in the development of chronic gastritis, premalignancy and cancer, the ferret model was studied under natural and experimental conditions. ANIMALS AND METHODS H. mustelae-infected ferrets were used to study the metabolism of nitrates/nitrites, which are dietary and endogenously formed substances that have been linked to gastric cancer. The ferret was also manipulated by performing gastric reconstructive surgery to study the processing of nitrite and nitrate and to assess the effect of surgery on gastric pathology. In addition, the ferret was tested for its suitability as an animal model for the induction of gastric cancer by oral dosing with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The influence of these variables on gastric pathology and/or metabolic outcomes was examined, and the results in ferrets were compared to findings in humans. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The ferret appears to be an ideal model for studying various gastric parameters and how these factors influence the development of H. mustelae-associated gastric disease. Gastric reconstructive surgery did not effect nitrite processing or overall severity of gastritis in ferrets. However, a single dose of MNNG (50 mg/kg) produced an unprecedented 90% gastric carcinoma in H. mustelae-infected ferrets. This implies that chronic inflammation induced by the bacterium is a cofactor in gastric carcinogenesis.
Demand and Regional Growth

One of the main characteristics of regional (subnational) economies is their degree of openness (Richardson, 1973, pp. 9-10). They rely more heavily on external trade than do national economies. In a sense this openness and dependence on trade is the result of less diversity in natural resource endowments at the regional level; thus interregional differentials in relative resource endowments make the potential gains from interregional trade large. Regional specialization in production and dependence on trade to achieve a consumption pattern different from the pattern of production is thus a result of the relative homogeneity of endowments within a region, the relative homogeneity of the consumption patterns between regions, and the variability in relative factor endowments between regions.
Improving the surface quality and mechanical properties by shot-peening of 17-4 stainless steel fabricated by additive manufacturing

Abstract Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), a type of additive manufacturing (AM) process, is currently used for the direct fabrication of powder-based functional metallic objects. The main concern in industrial application of DMLS is the range of materials that can be processed while ensuring that the resulting surface roughness and mechanical properties are equivalent to or better than those of wrought materials. This paper presents an attempt at inducing grain refinements through a shot-peening (SP) process creating severe plastic deformation at the outer surface layers to improve the physical and mechanical properties of 17-4 stainless steel components produced by DMLS. The as-built sample exhibited high content of retained austenite and the SP treatment induces a martensitic phase transformation; the micro-strain and compressive residual stresses were significantly increased upon SP. Compared to an as-built sample, a shot-peened sample exhibited a refined surface microstructure and more favorable roughness, hardness, compressive yield strength, and wear resistance, because of the obtained very fine microstructure. We believe that with the use of SP technology presented in this study, the use of AM materials for a wide range of potential applications should significantly increase for improving their performance. This can highlight the efficiency and applicability of the SP treatment to practical cases.
Virtues and belief in God

AbstractThis paper describes a basic psychological mechanism by which beliefs about God affect the structure of virtues in human beings. Iris Murdoch calls it ‘the siege of the individual by concepts’. A premise is that appetites, desires, emotions, pleasures and pains have a conceptual dimension that can be trained by regular exposure to relevant concepts. Theological concepts are among the relevant ones. Another premise is that our virtues and vices are largely dispositions to appetites, desires, emotions, pleasures and pains. The argument is made by way of discussing two virtues, temperance and compassion.
Effects of green tea catechin extract on serum lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

University of Minnesota Master of Science thesis. May 2015. Major:Nutrition. Advisor: Mindy S. Kurzer, PhD. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 91 pages, appendices 1-2.
Ultrasensitive Isothermal Detection of Protein Analytes Using Rolling Circle Amplification in Microscale Platforms

The detection of low-abundance analytes requires an accurate, highly sensitive, and robust bioassay platform. Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) has been increasingly utilized in isothermal diagnostics of nucleic acids and other biomarkers of various diseases. We have adapted immuno-RCA, i.e., specific detection of the analyte proteins via antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) binding and subsequent enzymatic amplification of the Ag-Ab recognition signal, to a microfluidic format. This microfluidic immuno-RCA approach makes possible the microscale multiplex detection of protein biomarkers in serum and intact cells with high sensitivity and specificity.
Basaloid-squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus. Report of a case with review of the literature.

. Basaloid-squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma with biphasic basaloid and squamous features. Recognition of BSCC is important because this lesion can be confused with less aggressive lesions, such as adenoid cystic carcinoma. BSCC is typically detected at an advanced stage in smokers, alcoholics, and older individuals ; adenoid cystic carcinoma is not associated with smoking or alcohol, and it typically occurs in younger individuals. Approximately 88 cases of BSCC in the upper aerodigestive tract have been recorded since its first description in 1986. We report one case of endobron-chial BSCC. Cytologically, both squamous and basaloid features were identified, including elongated, irregular, globular, extracellular, hyaline material. Immunohistochemical studies showed two distinct populations of cells : the squamous component, positive for cytokeratin (AE1+AE3) and negative for smooth-muscle actin, epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, and type IV collagen ; and the basaloid component, positive for all of the above markers, with minimal staining for cytokeratin (AE1+AE3). The electron microscopy demonstrated desmosomes in the squamous component and replication of the basal lamina in the basaloid component. We conclude that BSCC of the bronchus is similar to BSCC in the upper aerodigestive tract and should be regarded as a distinct entity.
Generation of Long-Lived Redox Equivalents in Self-Assembled Bilayer Structures on Metal Oxide Electrodes

We report on the synthesis and photophysical properties of a photocathode consisting of a molecular bilayer structure self-assembled on p-type NiO nanostructured films. The resulting photocathode and its nanostructured indium–tin oxide analog absorb visible light and convert it into injected holes with injection yields of ∼30%, measured at the first observation time by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and long-lived reducing equivalents that last for several milliseconds without applied bias. An initial quantum yield of 15% was achieved for photogeneration of the reduced dye on the p-NiO electrode. Nanosecond transient absorption experiments and detailed analyses of the underlying electron transfer steps demonstrate that the overall efficiency of the cell is limited by hole injection and charge recombination processes. Compared with the highly doped indium–tin oxide photocathode, the NiO photocathode shows superior photoconversion efficiencies for generating reducing equivalents and longer li...
Human LRRK2 G2019S mutation represses post-synaptic protein PSD95 and causes cognitive impairment in transgenic mice

Background LRRK2 G2019S mutation is associated with increased kinase activity and is the most common mutation associated with late-onset PD. However, the transgenic mouse model has not recapitulated cardinal PD-related motor phenotypes. Non-motor symptoms of PD including cognitive impairments are very common and may appear earlier than the motor symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine whether human LRRK2 with G2019S mutation causes hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits in mice.
Utility of different immunostains for diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinomas in both surgical and cytological specimens

Abstract Objective A panel of immunostains is usually performed to confirm a metastatic carcinoma origin. GATA3 is a transcription factor and has been proven to be a useful marker for breast carcinoma. Other immunostains including mammaglobin (MGB), gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are also used in diagnosing metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to compare the performance of these immunostains in the work up of metastatic breast carcinoma in both surgical and cytological specimens. Study design This study cohort was composed of 242 metastatic breast carcinomas (142 surgical and 100 cytological specimens) during a study period from October 2013 to December 2015. Immunostain results of GATA3, CK7, MGB, GCDFP-15, ER and PR and their correlations were examined. Results In surgical specimens, GATA3 and CK7 were highly expressed (88% and 87%), but MGB and GCDFP-15 showed much lower positivity rates (43% and 29%). In cytological specimens, GATA3, CK7 and MGB showed similar positivity rates to those in surgical specimens; but GCDFP-15, ER and PR showed significantly lower positivity rates than those in surgical specimens. All ER-positive cases were positive for GATA3 in both surgical and cytological specimens; however, GATA3 positivity showed a significantly stronger correlation with ER positivity in surgical specimens than in cytological specimens. Conclusions GATA3 and CK7 performed better than other immunostains to detect metastatic breast carcinoma in both surgical and cytological specimens. GATA3 expression was positively correlated with ER expression, and the correlation was stronger in surgical specimens than in cytological specimens.
The Decline of Directly Observed Physical Function Performance Among U.S. Chinese Older Adults.

Background Physical function decline is a major public health concern and can predict later mortality. This study aims to examine the sociodemographic factors associated with physical function decline among U.S. Chinese older adults through a longitudinal population-based study. Methods Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) at two time points: 2011-2013 and 2013-2015. Physical function was measured by observed physical performance testing, including chair stand, tandem stand, and timed walk. Mixed-effect models were used to analyze the demographic risk factors associated with physical function decline. Results Of the 2,713 participants in waves 1 and 2, their average age was 72.6 years old, 58.4% were female, with 8.7 years of education average, and 85.8% had an annual individual income of less than $10,000. Our findings show subjects of older age, female sex, lower education, lower income, and a greater number of medical comorbidities had lower physical function levels at baseline. Older adults experienced a faster decline in physical function for the overall performance measure (β = -.02, p < .001). Additionally, elderly adults with higher education have a faster decline of physical function in the overall performance measure (β = -.03, p < .01). Discussion As the first to examine physical function decline among U.S. Chinese older adults, our study finds older age and higher education are two factors associated with a faster rate of physical function decline. In future research, long-term follow up and multiple waves of data are needed to investigate risk or resilience factors for disability or recovering from disability.
Identification and Management of Sepsis in the Interventional Radiology Patient

Sepsis is frequently encountered in the hospital setting and can be community-acquired, health-care-associated, or hospital-acquired. The annual incidence of sepsis in the United States population ranges from 300 to 1031 per 100,000 and is increasing by 13% annually. There is an associated inhospital mortality of 10% for sepsis and >40% for septic shock. Interventional radiology is frequently called on to treat patients with sepsis, and in rarer circumstances, interventional radiologists themselves may cause sepsis. Thus, it is essential for interventional radiologists to be able to identify and manage septic patients to reduce sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this paper is to outline procedures most likely to cause sepsis and delineate important clinical aspects of identifying and managing septic patients.
Analyzing Verbal Data: Principles, Methods, and Problems

This chapter formulates the issues and choices researchers should be aware of when adopting or adapting various methods of analyzing verbal data such as transcripts of classroom discourse and small group dialogues, talk-aloud protocols from reasoning and problem solving tasks, students’ written work, textbook passages and test items, and curriculum documents. It discusses the basic principles of linguistically precise discourse analysis including transcription, the role of context, and intertextuality. Semantic content analysis (thematics), rhetorical-interactional analysis (e.g., speech act theory), and structural-textural analysis (segmentation and cohesion) are distinguished as complementary procedures. Finally, problems of generalizability, interpretation, and cultural bias are briefly addressed, along with a note on extensions of the methods to multimedia and video.
Evaluating the “Gradual Entrainment Lake Inverter” (GELI) artificial mixing technology for lake and reservoir management

Smith CA, Read JS, Vander Zanden MJ. 2018. Evaluating the “Gradual Entrainment Lake Inverter” (GELI) artificial mixing technology for lake and reservoir management. Lake Reserv Manage. 00:00–00.The...
Learn and Serve: Integrating Elements of Social Learning Theory and Cross Cultural Exposure in Professional Preparation

The integration of experiential learning in the professional preparation of recreation and leisure services providers has consistently been at the forefront of concern in higher education and the f...
Optimal monetary policy in an open macroeconomic model with rational expectation

This study is concerned with the choice of the optimal control of money supply for a linear stochastic discrete-time model of an open economy with rational expectations. Optimal control theory is applied to the setting of the stabilization policy. The linear and quadratic loss function is assumed to be the government objective function form. 'Optimal' indicates that the expected weighted sum of the squares of deviations of the state variables from the target values (or trend values) is minimized. The objectives of the study are (1) to examine the validity of the 'policy ineffectiveness proposition', (2) to investigate the comparative performances of alternative money supply rules--feedback versus fixed and superior information versus fixed, and (3) to determine whether the structure of the economy is crucial to the effectiveness of the setting of the money supply rule, in the sense that the economy is insulated from random shocks;It is shown that the derived optimal money supply has an effect on the probability distribution of output, price, and other endogenous variables even when public expectations are rational. The variance of endogenous variables will change as alternative money supply rules are applied. It indicates that either the feedback money supply rule or the superior information rule is effective in an economy with rational expectations. The structure of the economy does really matter when choosing the optimal money supply rule of stabilization policy.
Phylogenetic Systematics and Biogeography of the Pantropical Genus Sesbania (Leguminosae)

The pantropical genus Sesbania (Leguminosae) comprises approximately 85 species and 34 infraspecific taxa. This genus is unusual ecologically in its predilection for wetlands, and morphologically distinctive among legumes, yet has never been comprehensively investigated for the phylogenetic integrity of its subgeneric classification. We subjected a broad sampling of Sesbania species to phylogenetic analysis using both nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data. The resulting phylogenies support the monophyly of Sesbania and two constituent subclades, one represented by the New World endemic Sesbania sections Daubentonia, Daubentoniopsis and Glottidium, and the second comprising the pantropically distributed S. section Sesbania and former S. subgenera Pterosesbania and Agati. The species-rich S. section Sesbania is paraphyletic with respect to S. subg. Agati and Pterosesbania, while S. sect. Daubentonia is paraphyletic with respect to S. sect. Daubentoniopsis. Based on these results we revise the sectional classification of Sesbania. The genus is consistently thoughweakly supported as sister to tribe Loteae. Rate and age estimates suggest that the Sesbania crown clade has an estimated mean age of approximately 18.9 Ma. This implicates long-distance dispersal as causing the pantropical distribution of the genus. Regardless, the New World is optimized as the ancestral area for Sesbania. The prevalence of Sesbania in riparian, wetland, and coastal systems combined with low levels of geographic phylogenetic structure suggested that hydrochory and local extinction potentially explain present-day distributions.
Skepticism about practical reason: Transcendental arguments and their limits

Transcendental arguments offer a particularlypowerful strategy for combating skepticism. Such arguments, after all, attempt to show thata particular skepticism is not simply mistakenbut inconsistent or self-refuting. Whilethus tempting to philosophers struggling withskepticism of various sorts, the boldconclusions of these arguments have longrendered them suspicious in the eyes of many. In fact, in a famous paper from 1968 BarryStroud develops what is often taken to be adecisive case against transcendental argumentsin general.
Relationship between mirtazapine dose and incidence of adrenergic side effects: An exploratory analysis

Abstract Introduction Mirtazapine is an antidepressant with US Food and Drug Administration approval for management of major depressive disorder. Low doses of mirtazapine are often used for managem...
Systematic Review of Validated Quality of Life and Swallow Outcomes after Transoral Robotic Surgery.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the available evidence on the effects of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) on the posttreatment quality of life (QOL) and swallow function of patients with head and...
Modeling of Mechanisms for the Creation of an Internal Clad in Sapphire Optical Fiber Using the 6Li(n,α)3H Reaction

The focus of this work is to model the creation of a cladding, which is internal to a sapphire optical fiber, by irradiating a sapphire fiber, that is surrounded by an annulus of Li-6 enriched lithium carbonate powder, in a nuclear reactor. Such a fiber has been created using the Ohio State University Research Reactor. The 6Li(n,α)3H reaction creates high energy tritons and alpha particles that irradiate the fiber simultaneously to a depth of 24 microns, along the entire periphery of the sapphire fiber. The irradiation slightly reduces the index of refraction in the fiber’s periphery, thus creating a refractive cladding within the fiber. The Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNP was used in combination with SRIM/TRIM to predict the modification of the fiber that results from the irradiation. Our analysis predicts that whether it is displacement damage or the density of implanted ions that is responsible for the modification of η, or a combination of both, the irradiation yields a graded index in the fiber, with η decreasing monotonically from the value of the native sapphire 24 micrometers from the surface of the fiber to a minimum value at the surface of the fiber.
Education and Consistent Infection Prevention Practices Prevail: An Outbreak of CRE in a Long Term Acute Care Hospital

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections are difficult to treat and pose a significant threat to public health. In July 2018, an infection preventionist (IP) notified Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LACDPH) of eight cases of healthcare-onset carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) among residents of a 54-bed long term acute care facility (LTAC). LACDPH initiated an investigation to identify risks for infection and disrupt transmission. A case was defined as a LTAC patient with laboratory confirmation for CRKP or carbapenemase-producing organism from June 28- August 7, 2018 and no previous CRE history. LACDPH conducted two site visits of the facility to observe infection prevention practices. Medical records, staff training records, and infection prevention audits were reviewed. Facility-wide surveillance cultures were collected on three dates. The first facility-wide screening yielded 13 additional cases; no further cases were identified during subsequent screenings. Medical record review found one additional case. A total of 22 cases were identified; overall prevalence was 39%. Site observations revealed missed hand hygiene opportunities, unclear contact precaution signage, and a knowledge deficit among staff regarding CRE and control measures. LACDPH recommended enhanced environmental cleaning, infection control trainings for all staff, hand hygiene and personal protective equipment audits, placing new admissions on contact precautions pending CRE screening results, and the use of an interfacility transfer form upon discharge of all known CRE patients. We identified a high prevalence of CRE in an LTAC, a setting where patients generally have higher invasive device and antibiotic utilization than other settings. However, the implementation of evidence-based infection prevention practices enabled the facility to stop the spread of infection. Identification and containment of a CRE outbreak in a healthcare facility relies on several factors, including the collaboration of a facility's IP with the local health department and continuing frontline staff education.
A prospective analysis of circulating plasma metabolomics and ovarian cancer risk

BackgroundOvarian cancer has few known risk factors, hampering identification of high-risk women. Thus, we assessed the association of pre-diagnostic plasma metabolites (N=420) with risk.nnMethodsWe included 252 cases (176 serous/poorly differentiated; 34 non-serous [endometrioid/clear cell]) diagnosed 3-23 years after blood collection and 252 matched controls from the Nurses Health Studies. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing the 90th-10thpercentile in metabolite levels, using permutation tests to account for testing multiple correlated hypotheses. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) modules (n=10) summarized by the first principal component and metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA; n=23) were also evaluated.nnResultsPseudouridine had the strongest statistical association with ovarian cancer risk overall (OR=2.56, 95%CI=1.48-4.45; p=0.001/adjusted-p=0.15). C36:2 phosphatidylcholine (PC) plasmalogen had the strongest statistical association with lower risk (OR=0.11, 95%CI=0.03-0.35; p<0.001/adjusted-p=0.06) and pseudouridine with higher risk (OR=9.84, 95%CI=2.89-37.82; p<0.001/adjusted-p=0.07) of non-serous tumors. No metabolites were associated with risk after multiple testing correction. Seven WGCNA modules and 15 classes were associated with risk at FDR[≤]0.20. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) characterized 3 of 7 significant WGCNA modules, were an enriched class, and showed heterogeneity by tumor aggressiveness (case-only heterogeneity-p<10-4). TAG association with risk overall and serous tumors differed by acly carbon content and saturation.nnConclusionPseudouridine may be a novel risk factor for ovarian cancer. TAGs may also be important, particularly for rapidly fatal tumors, with associations differing by structural features. Validation in independent prospective studies and complementary experimental work to understand biological mechanisms is needed.nnPlease note that main figures and tables were placed in the body of the text after they have been referenced. Supplementary figures were placed after References. Supplementary tables were uploaded separately.
Splenectomy fails to attenuate immuno-hematologic changes after rodent vertical sleeve gastrectomy.

Bariatric surgery is on the rise for long-term weight loss and produces various positive metabolic health benefits. The mechanisms that produce surgical weight loss are not yet fully understood. Pr...
Exploring the Efficacy of Sparse, General-Purpose Sensor Constellations for Wide-Area Activity Sensing

Future smart homes, offices, stores and many other environments will increasingly be monitored by distributed sensors, supporting rich, context-sensitive applications. There are two opposing instrumentation approaches. On one end is full sensor saturation, where every object of interest is tagged with a sensor. On the other end, we can imagine a hypothetical, omniscient sensor capable of detecting events throughout an entire building from one location. Neither approach is currently practical, and thus we explore the middle ground between these two extremes: a sparse constellation of sensors working together to provide the benefits of full saturation, but without the social, aesthetic, maintenance and financial drawbacks. More specifically, we target a density of one sensor per room (and less), which means the average home could achieve full coverage with perhaps ten sensors. We quantify and characterize the performance of sparse sensor constellations through deployments across three environments and 67 unique activities. Our results illuminate accuracy implications across key spatial configurations important for enabling more practical, wide-area activity sensing.
Assessing PM2.5 Model Performance for the Conterminous U.S. with Comparison to Model Performance Statistics from 2007-2015.

Abstract Previous studies have proposed that model performance statistics from earlier photochemical grid model (PGM) applications can be used to benchmark performance in new PGM applications. A challenge in implementing this approach is that limited information is available on consistently calculated model performance statistics that vary spatially and temporally over the U.S. Here, a consistent set of model performance statistics are calculated by year, season, region, and monitoring network for PM2.5 and its major components using simulations from versions 4.7.1-5.2.1 of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for years 2007–2015. The multi-year set of statistics is then used to provide quantitative context for model performance results from the 2015 simulation. Model performance for PM2.5 organic carbon in the 2015 simulation ranked high (i.e., favorable performance) in the multi-year dataset, due to factors including recent improvements in biogenic secondary organic aerosol and atmospheric mixing parameterizations in CMAQ. Model performance statistics for the Northwest region in 2015 ranked low (i.e., unfavorable performance) for many species in comparison to the 2007–2015 dataset. This finding motivated additional investigation that suggests a need for improved speciation of wildfire PM2.5 emissions and modeling of boundary layer dynamics near water bodies. Several limitations were identified in the approach of benchmarking new model performance results with previous results. Since performance statistics vary widely by region and season, a simple set of national performance benchmarks (e.g., one or two targets per species and statistic) as proposed previously are inadequate to assess model performance throughout the U.S. Also, trends in model performance statistics for sulfate over the 2007 to 2015 period suggest that model performance for earlier years may not be a useful reference for assessing model performance for recent years in some cases. Comparisons of results from the 2015 base case with results from five sensitivity simulations demonstrated the importance of parameterizations of NH3 surface exchange, organic aerosol volatility and production, and emissions of crustal cations for predicting PM2.5 species concentrations.
Prospects and challenges for cell-cultured fat as a novel food ingredient.

Abstract Background In vitro meat production has been proposed as a solution to environmental and animal welfare issues associated with animal agriculture. While most academic work on cell-cultured meat has focused on innovations for scalable muscle tissue culture, fat production is an important and often neglected component of this technology. Developing suitable biomanufacturing strategies for adipose tissue from agriculturally relevant animal species may be particularly beneficial due to the potential use of cell-cultured fat as a novel food ingredient. Scope and approach Here we review the relevant studies from areas of meat science, cell biology, tissue engineering, and bioprocess engineering to provide a foundation for the development of in vitro fat production systems. We provide an overview of adipose tissue biology and functionality with respect to meat products, then explore cell lines, bioreactors, and tissue engineering strategies of potential utility for in vitro adipose tissue production for food. Regulation and consumer acceptance are also discussed. Key findings and conclusions Existing strategies and paradigms are insufficient to meet the full set of unique needs for a cell-cultured fat manufacturing platform, as tradeoffs are often present between simplicity, scalability, stability, and projected cost. Identification and validation of appropriate cell lines, bioprocess strategies, and tissue engineering techniques must therefore be an iterative process as a deeper understanding of the needs and opportunities for cell-cultured fat develops.
Quantitative Analytics in Exploring Self-Regulated Learning Behaviors: Effects of Study Persistence and Regularity

This Research Full Paper investigates potential quantitative self-regulated learning (SRL) analytics of problemsolving behaviors on a multiple-choice question (MCQ) platform. Conventionally, SRL skills are assessed by qualitative and selfreport instruments which can provide insightful details of SRL behaviors. Nevertheless, such kind of tools might be under criticism of reproducibility and lack scalability. Additionally, it is difficult to provide real-time feedback based on such measurements since they require active participation and longer data collection processes. These factors thereby deter educational practitioners who wish to utilize SRL-based pedagogy in larger classrooms. To make SRL research more accessible to educational practitioners, we propose to use quantitative analysis based on trace data to measure potential SRL behaviors from two aspects: study persistence and study regularity, which we assume are implicit measurement of SRL. We conducted the experiment in an undergraduate computer science course by a homegrown self-assessment platform, QuizIt and successfully identified four types of study persistence. The study regularity is measured as scores and associated in a linear regression model. The evaluation based on students’ formal exam scores in the course shows that high persistence and regular behaviors are positively correlated to exam performance. Although the examination of linkage from persistence and regularity to conventional self-report SRL measures is left for the future study, our approach has implied a potential for scalable educational tools that can avoid subjectivity of self-report SRL measurement.
Resilience and vulnerability in very preterm 4-year-olds.

The primary goal was to determine the prevalence and correlates of adaptive competence in 51 very preterm (VPT, gestational age ≤30 weeks) 4-year-old children compared to a group of 35 term-born (T...
Memes and Social Messages: Teaching a Critical Literacies Curriculum on DAPL

This article documents the design and implementation of a culturally responsive critical media literacies curriculum centered around media representations of the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL). Students (grades 6-8) were invited to discuss media imagery relating to DAPL and to create memes reflecting their understandings. To situate this work, we articulate a framework that blends critical media literacies and culturally responsive and sustaining pedagogy. We analyze students’ spoken and multimodal responses to a curriculum that purposefully foregrounded Native perspectives and digital media. Ultimately, we argue that students must be invited to leverage their epistemic privilege in responding to contemporary social issues.
AP On I J Good’s Inability to Grasp Keynes’s Complete Analysis of the Weight of the Argument: The Logical Part of the Analysis of Evidential Weight of the Argument in Chapter 6 and the Mathematical Part of the Analysis in Chapter 26 in the A Treatise On Probability

The mis-belief that Keynes ‘s concept of the evidential weight of the evidence ,V=V(a/h),in chapter 6 of the A Treatise on Probability, represented a measure of the absolute amount of relevant evidence ,can be traced back to some 40 book and journal contributions made by I J Good between 1950 and 1990.Good completely overlooked Keynes’s footnote 1 on page 76 of chapter 6 to chapter 26 of the A Treatise on Probability,where Keynes stated that he would discuss how to integrate weight into a discussion of “…the application of probability to practice.” This would require a mathematical analysis and ,obviously, would require the restriction that V(a/h)=w, 0≤w≤1,so as to combine it with 0≤α≤1,where P(a/h)=α. The most severe errors about chapter 6 of the A Treatise on Probability were originally introduced by I J Good starting in 1950 .His repeated errors appeared in all of his work on Keynes after that for the next 40 years.These errors were then picked up by economists and philosophers and made the foundation of their assessments of Keynes’s work starting in 1990 with a paper by Runde.It is quite impossible to add ,subtract ,divide ,and multiply logical relations like P and V. This obvious fact has gone unrecognized in the literature.
Turn Your Online Weight Management from Zero to Hero: A Multidimensional, Continuous-Time Evaluation

Online weight-loss communities (OWCs) provide individuals with various tools to support their weight management, such as weight recorders and weight-loss journals. These tools enable individuals to...
Stratified Restricted Mean Survival Time Model for Marginal Causal Effect in Observational Survival Data.

Abstract Time to event outcomes is commonly encountered in epidemiologic research. Multiple papers have discussed the inadequacy of using the hazard ratio as a causal effect measure due to its noncollapsibility and the time-varying nature. In this paper, we further clarified that the hazard ratio might be used as a conditional causal effect measure, but it is generally not a valid marginal effect measure, even under randomized design. We proposed to use the restricted mean survival time (RMST) difference as a causal effect measure, since it essentially measures the mean difference over a specified time horizon and has a simple interpretation as the area under survival curves. For observational studies, propensity score adjustment can be implemented with RMST estimation to remove observed confounding bias. We proposed a propensity score stratified RMST estimation strategy, which performs well in our simulation evaluation and is relatively easy to implement for epidemiologists in practice. Our stratified RMST estimation includes two different versions of implementation, depending on whether researchers want to involve regression modeling adjustment, which provides a powerful tool to examine the marginal causal effect with observational survival data.
Inverted urothelial papilloma: A case report.

Abstract Inverted urothelial papilloma (IUP) is an unusual tumor that typically presents as a non-invasive, endophytic urothelial neoplasm. Though fairly well described in the bladder, IUP of the upper urinary tract is fairly rare, with only 68 cases documented in English language literature. Our patient presented with an IUP of the distal left ureter and was treated with a distal ureterectomy and reimplant of the ureter with a psoas hitch.
Augmenting Osteoporosis Imaging with Machine Learning.

In this paper, we discuss how recent advancements in image processing and machine learning (ML) are shaping a new and exciting era for the osteoporosis imaging field. With this paper, we want to give the reader a basic exposure to the ML concepts that are necessary to build effective solutions for image processing and interpretation, while presenting an overview of the state of the art in the application of machine learning techniques for the assessment of bone structure, osteoporosis diagnosis, fracture detection, and risk prediction. ML effort in the osteoporosis imaging field is largely characterized by “low-cost” bone quality estimation and osteoporosis diagnosis, fracture detection, and risk prediction, but also automatized and standardized large-scale data analysis and data-driven imaging biomarker discovery. Our effort is not intended to be a systematic review, but an opportunity to review key studies in the recent osteoporosis imaging research landscape with the ultimate goal of discussing specific design choices, giving the reader pointers to possible solutions of regression, segmentation, and classification tasks as well as discussing common mistakes.