cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coupling of spin and orbital degrees of freedom in tunable Hong-Ou-Mandel interference involving photons in hybrid spin-orbit modes

We investigate the connection between biphoton states involving photons in product modes of their spin and orbital degrees of freedom and those involving photons in hybrid spin-orbit modes, as mediated by Hong-Ou-Mandel interference (HOMI) in an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We predict that two input photons in balanced superposition states of both their spin and orbital degrees of freedom will exhibit HOMI while undergoing a simultaneous mode conversion from product spin-orbit input modes to hybrid output modes bearing orbital angular momentum. These hybrid outputs contain a spatially varying polarization structure which may be controllably rotated about the photonic beam axis by varying the relative phase between the vertical and horizontal components of each input photon's polarization. Additionally, a type of coupling of the spin and orbital degrees of freedom is exhibited in this system: the transverse spatial profile of the output photons may be continuously manipulated by tuning the polarization parameters of the input photons, in such a way that the HOMI between the photons remains stable. An interesting corollary to this work is the possibility of demonstrating in a simple experimental system that HOMI may occur between distinguishable input modes.
Emotional contexts influence toddlers’ prosocial strategies:

Prosocial behavior is a highly heterogeneous construct, and young children use distinct prosocial actions in response to differing emotional needs of another person. This study examined whether tod...
Experimental evaluation of localized creep deformation in grade 91 steel weldments

Abstract Spatially resolved measurement of localized creep deformation in heterogeneous creep resistant steel weldments is crucial but challenging for lifetime assessments of critical steam components in power plants. In this work, experimental approaches were established to quantitatively evaluate commonly observed localized creep deformation in multi-pass Grade 91 steel weldments. An in-situ digital image correlation (DIC) system was utilized with a creep testing frame to monitor and measure both full-field strain and localized strain accumulation across the weldments during long-term creep testing at elevated temperatures. The in situ DIC method measured not only the creep deformation behavior of the weld metal, heat affected zone (HAZ), and base metal, but also creep strain evolution for each sub-region within the HAZ itself, including coarse-grained HAZ, fine-grained HAZ (FGHAZ), and intercritical HAZ (ICHAZ). The DIC results revealed that local creep strain in the ICHAZ reached up to 90% strain before final rupture, whereas nominal creep strain measured by the standard extensometer of the tested cross-weld specimen was below 10%, indicative of Type IV cracking of the Grade 91 weld. Microstructural analyses revealed that the faster creep degradation/deformation in the HAZ was caused mainly by accelerated matrix grain recrystallization/growth and a reduced pinning effect from the segregated and coarsened precipitates in the FGHAZ and ICHAZ. The ultimate creep rupture occurred in the ICHAZ owing to its lowest creep resistance induced by the largest recrystallized grain size, the lowest fraction of coincidence site lattice, and the lowest local strain energies/dislocation densities.
An Accelerated Modular-Orthogonal Ni-Catalyzed Methodology to Symmetric and Nonsymmetric Constitutional Isomeric AB2 to AB9 Dendrons Exhibiting Unprecedented Self-Organizing Principles.

Five libraries of natural and synthetic phenolic acids containing five AB, ten constitutional isomeric AB, one AB, and one AB were previously synthesized and reported by our laboratory in 5 to 11 steps. They were employed to construct seven libraries of self-assembling dendrons, by divergent generational, deconstruction, and combined approaches, enabling the discovery of a diversity of supramolecular assemblies including Frank-Kasper phases, soft quasicrystals, and complex helical organizations, some undergoing deracemization in the crystal state. However, higher substitution patterns within a single dendron were not accessible. Here we report three libraries consisting of 30 symmetric and nonsymmetric constitutional isomeric phenolic acids with unprecedented sequenced patterns, including two AB, three AB, eight AB, five AB, six AB, three AB, two AB, and one AB synthesized by accelerated modular-orthogonal Ni-catalyzed borylation and cross-coupling. A single etherification step with 4-(-dodecyloxy)benzyl chloride transformed all these phenolic acids, of interest also for other applications, into self-assembling dendrons. Despite this synthetic simplicity, they led to a diversity of unprecedented self-organizing principles: lamellar structures of interest for biological membrane mimics, helical columnar assemblies from rigid-solid angle dendrons forming Tobacco Mosaic Virus-like assemblies, columnar organizations from adaptable-solid angle dendrons forming disordered micellar-like nonhelical columns, columns from supramolecular spheres, five body-centered cubic phases displaying supramolecular orientational memory, rarely encountered in previous libraries forming predominantly Frank-Kasper phases, and two Frank-Kasper phases. Lessons from these self-organizing principles, discovered within a single generation of self-assembling dendrons, may help elaborate design principles for complex helical and nonhelical organizations of synthetic and biological matter.
Enhancing emergency preparedness and response systems: correlates of collaboration between local health departments and school districts.

Objective.Collaboration between existing components of the public health system is important for protecting public health and promoting community resilience. We describe the factors that promote co...
People to People Fundraising: Social Networking and Web 2.0 for Charities, by T. Hart, J. M. Greenfield, and S. D. Haji

The Internet, and more specifically Web 2.0, has changed the way that charities interact with donors and potential donors. In People to People Fundraising: Social Networking and Web 2.0 for Chariti...
Average Hamiltonian Theory

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Magnus Expansion 3 Representations and Frames of Reference: Truncation 4 Applications 5 Additional Topics 6 Biographical Sketch
Correlative Studies of the Brain with Positron Emission Tomography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and X-Ray Computed Tomography

During the past decade the central nervous system (CNS) has witnessed an unanticipated explosion in tomographic techniques. Based upon principles developed by Cormack, Oldendorf, Kuhl, and Hounsfield (1–4), tomographic scanning systems have, for the first time, allowed the detailed study of the human brain’s structure and function in vivo.
Introduction to Part Seven: On Aging and Loss—In Katy’s Words

In this article the author introduces a paper in which Papell discusses how she experiences and copes with her own aging, as well as her comments of appreciation as she accepts a number of honors during the last years of her life.
Interstrain ovarian transplantation in lethally irradiated mice after bone marrow therapy.

SINCE Lorenz et al. 1 demonstrated that survival time of lethally irradiated mice is increased by intravenous injection of bone marrow, it has been shown that this phenomenon results from repopulation of haematopoietic tissues by the injected cells (see Congdon2 for review). Main and Prehn3 reported that irradiated mice of the DBA/2JN strain that had been given bone marrow from (BALB/cAnN × DBA/2JN)F 1 hybrids accept grafts of BALB/cAnN skin. Such grafts usually fail both in irradiated animals and in irradiated animals that have received injections of isologous bone marrow. Trentin4 showed further that irradiated strain CBA mice that had been given bone marrow from strain C3H donors accept skin grafts from both CBA and C3H animals. Similarly, Barnes et al. 5 found that irradiated CBA animals given strain A bone marrow succumb when inoculated with tumours specific for either of these strains. The experiments described here show that lethally irradiated (101 × C3H)F 1 female mice given strain A bone marrow will accept ovarian transplants from either (101 × C3H)F 1 hybrids or strain A donors. These treated females are capable of giving birth and of nursing and raising young.
Linear differentiation of cereal chromosomes : I. Common wheat and its supposed ancestors.

Using the Giemsa technique of differential staining (the BSG test), we have studies the karyotypes and constructed the idiograms of T. aestivum L. var. ‘Diamant’ and ‘Chinese Spring’, T. Monococcum L. v. ‘hornemannii’ ssp. roles occidentali georgicum Dek., Aegilops squarrosa L. v. ‘Meeyeri’, T. aestivum.
Cascaded convolutional codes

The construction and performance of cascaded convolutional codes is investigated. An interleaver is used between the inner and outer codes to redistribute errors out of the inner decoder. In addition, the structure of the interleaver is exploited to improve the distance properties of the overall cascaded code. This configuration is shown to have a performance advantage compared to a single complex convolutional code with the same rate and decoder complexity.
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis to Latex

Since systemic reactions to latex were first described 5 years ago, an increasing number of these type I (IgE-mediated) allergic reactions have been reported in patients with long-term exposure to latex.1-6 The allergic manifestations range from localized erythema, urticaria, and pruritus of the exposed area to life-threatening angioedema and anaphylaxis. The reported cases of anaphylaxis have almost exclusively occurred intraoperatively. The children at greatest risk are those with myelomeningocele or congenital urologic abnormalities.7,8 These children have undergone multiple surgical procedures and/or repeated bladder catheterizations and radiologic procedures in which rubber catheters are used. We describe two patients who experienced intraoperative anaphylaxis to latex.
Chapter 21 Electrogenic and Electroneutral Na+ Gradient-Dependent Transport Systems in the Renal Brush Border Membrane Vesicle

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study in which the Na + gradient-dependent uptakes of D-glucose, L-proline, and L-glutamate were examined. Membrane potentials across the brush border membrane were modified by the use of anions of different modes of permeability and ionophores—such as valinomycin—to generate large K + diffusion potentials. In addition, the responses of fluorescent probes that monitored changes in polarity concomitant with the uptakes were determined. Preliminary experiments using L-proline instead of D-glucose indicated that the cotransport of Na + and L-proline resulted in analogous membrane responses; while, contrary to the transient increases in fluorescence with the addition of D-glucose and L-proline, L-glutamate caused a nonspecific, nontransient change in fluorescent intensity. No distinction was found between L- and D-glutamate or between L-glutamate in an NaCl or KCl medium. Although an explanation for this nonspecific increase in fluorescence seen with glutamate is not evident, it is clear that the cotransport of Na + and L-glutamate did not lead to a net transient increase in positive charge. The chapter provides evidence that both electrogenic and electroneutral Na + gradient-dependent transport systems were present in the renal brush border membrane, the Na + -D-glucose and Na + -L-proline cotransport systems being electrogenic and the Na + -L-glutamate cotransport system being electroneutral.
MR-based real time path planning for cardiac operations with transapical access

Minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) have been perpetually evolving due to their potential high impact on improving patient management and overall cost effectiveness. Currently, MIS are further strengthened by the incorporation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for amended visualization and high precision. Motivated by the fact that real-time MRI is emerging as a feasible modality especially for guiding interventions and surgeries in the beating heart; in this paper we introduce a real-time path planning algorithm for intracardiac procedures. Our approach creates a volumetric safety zone inside a beating heart and updates it on-the-fly using real-time MRI during the deployment of a robotic device. In order to prove the concept and assess the feasibility of the introduced method, a realistic operational scenario of transapical aortic valve replacement in a beating heart is chosen as the virtual case study.
A finite-sample, distribution-free, probabilistic lower bound on mutual information

For any memoryless communication channel with a binary-valued input and a one-dimensional real-valued output, we introduce a probabilistic lower bound on the mutual information given empirical observations on the channel. The bound is built on the Dvoretzky-Kiefer-Wolfowitz inequality and is distribution free. A quadratic time algorithm is described for computing the bound and its corresponding class-conditional distribution functions. We compare our approach to existing techniques and show the superiority of our bound to a method inspired by Fano's inequality where the continuous random variable is discretized.
Formalization of commitment-based agent interaction

develop a generic agent interaction model that sup- ports agent coordination. We propose commitment pat- terns, which accommodate revisions and exceptions, to model agent interaction. We formalize commitment patterns declar- atively in temporal logic. We apply statecharts to specify behavior models of agents who follow our commitment pat- terns. The statecharts provide an operational semantics, which can be used as a rigorous basis for agent coordina- tion. We propose a generic agent behavior model and prove that it operationally supports our temporal logic semantics. In this manner, we provide a basis for formally designing coordinated multiagent systems.
Effects of solar resource variability on the future Florida transmission and distribution system

A common critique of photovoltaic energy is the susceptibility of the systems to high variability— passing clouds can affect a site's day-to-day energy production substantially. This research developed a tool to simulate photovoltaic energy systems in several scenarios throughout the state of Florida and quantifies the hour-to-hour impact of these systems on the statewide generation mix using 11 years of historical weather data. While the hourly changes in aggregate system output for distributed PV systems was predictable between months, finer geographic granularity of irradiance data coupled with sub-hourly time intervals are required to further develop this model into one that is indispensable for utility system operators.
Chemical Identification With Information-Weighted Terahertz Spectrometry

Time-domain terahertz spectrometry is a promising technology for identifying substances covered by optically opaque dielectric materials. However, the performance of algorithms analyzing this data has been weak, especially with a low signal-to-noise ratio. We have developed a new approach for analyzing this data that is robust against the effects of scattering and variable power spectral density. Identification of chemicals with over 97% accuracy is achieved with a false positive rate of only 0.3% on a dataset giving the literature methods much difficulty.
Rupture of muscles and tendons

Abstract 1. 1. Since tendons form the insertion of muscles to their bony attachment, any disturbance of their physiology is linked necessarily with the muscles of which they are a part. 2. 2. Among our most frequent tendon ruptures are those of the hand, the sites of predilection being the flexor of the middle finger in its middle phalanx, the center of the palm, and the extensor of the thumb in its second phalanx. 3. 3. Symptoms and appropriate methods of care and treatment are discussed.
CorrigendumCorrigendum to: “Do EPA regulations affect labor demand? Evidence from the pulp and paper industry” [J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 68(1) (2014) 188–202]

The authors regret the error in the abstract. Please find the abstract as it should have appeared below. Many believe that environmental regulation must reduce employment, since regulations are expected to increase production costs, raising prices and reducing demand for output. A careful microeconomic analysis shows that this is not guaranteed. Even if environmental regulation reduces output in the regulated industry, abating pollution could require additional labor (e.g. to monitor the abatement capital and meet EPA reporting requirements). Pollution abatement technologies could also be labor enhancing. In this paper we analyze how a particular EPA regulation, the “Cluster Rule” (CR) imposed on the pulp and paper industry in 2001, affected employment in that sector. Using confidential establishment level data from the U.S. Census Bureau from 1992 to 2007 we find evidence of small employment declines (on the order of 3–7%), sometimes statistically significant, at a subset of the CR plants. We also find small increases in production worker wages (around 5%), sometimes statistically significant, for another subset of CR plants.
The metabolism of the ground water contaminant 2-hydroxybiphenyl under sulfate-reducing conditions

The metabolic fate of 2-hydroxybiphenyl under different anaerobic conditions was tested with sediment slurries and enrichment cultures obtained from a shallow anoxic aquifer. 2-Hydroxybiphenyl was depleted in aquifer slurries over the course of incubation, but substrate loss in methanogenic slurries was not significantly different from either filter-sterilized or autoclaved controls. In contrast, the rate of substrate removal was significantly higher in non-sterile, sulfate-reducing aquifer slurries relative to abiotic control incubations. A 2-hydroxybiphenyl-degrading enrichment was established that was inhibited by molybdate but not by bromoethane-sulfonic acid. For every mole of substrate consumed by the bacterial consortium, 6.1±0.2 moles of sulfate were depleted from the enrichment medium. This represents about 87% of the theoretical amount of sulfate consumed and suggests that the 2-hydroxybiphenyl was largely mineralized. Oxygen, nitrate, or carbon dioxide could not replace sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor for the enrichment. Other hydroxybiphenyl isomers were not metabolized by these cultures. This study shows that aromatic substrates with multiple ring systems can undergo biotransformation by anaerobic microorganisms under some ecological conditions.
WE-G-BRE-08: Radiosensitization by Olaparib Eluting Nanospheres

Purpose: Permanent prostate brachytherapy often uses inert bio-absorbable spacers to achieve the desired geometric distribution of sources within the prostate. Transforming these spacers into implantable nanoplatforms for chemo-radiation therapy (INCeRT) provides a means of providing sustained in-situ release of radiosensitizers in the prostate to enhance the therapeutic ratio of the procedure. Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, suppresses DNA repair processes present during low dose rate continuous irradiation. This work investigates the radiosensitizing/DNA damage repair inhibition by NanoOlaparib eluting nanospheres. Methods: Human cell line PC3 (from ATCC), was maintained in F12-k medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. Clonogenic assay kit (from Fischer Scientific) was used to fix and stain the cells to determine the long term effects of irradiation. Nanoparticle size and zeta potential of nanospheres were determined using a Zeta particle size analyzer. The incorporation of Olaparib in nanospheres was evaluated by HPLC. Irradiation was performed in a small animal irradiator operating at 220 KeV.The long term effects of radio-sensitization with olaparib and nanoolaparib was determined using the clonogenic assay at 2 Gy and 4 Gy doses. The cells were allowed to grow for around 10 doubling cycles, The colonies were fixed and stained using clonogenic assay kit. The excess stain was washed off using DI water and the images were taken using a digital camera. Results: Radiosensitization studies were carried out in prostate cancer cell line, PC3 radiation at 0, 2 and 4Gy doses. Strongest dose response was observed with nanoolaparib treated cells compared to untreated cells. Conclusion: A two stage drug release of drug eluting nanospheres from a biodegradable spacer has been suggested for sustained in-situ release of Olaparib to suppress DNA repair processes during prostate brachytherapy. The Olaparib eluting nanospheres had the same in-vitro radiosensitizing effect as free olaparib. DOD 1R21CA16977501, A. David Mazzone Awards Program 2012PD164
Comprehensive semantics in robotic intelligence and communication: Necessity and feasibility

The paper asserts the urgent need to semanticalize robotic intelligence and communication. It also circumscribes the volume of work that needs to be accomplished for the robot to approach the level of human understanding. Now, robotic intelligence is a specific part of artificial intelligence, and the need to semanticalize pertains to the whole field but the world of the robot seems “smaller,” and the task may seem less daunting than for AI as a whole. An interesting issue of interaction between the robot's sensory information and the ontology is raised.
Substance abuse and rehabilitation: responding to the global burden of diseases attributable to substance abuse.

Alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug use are pervasive throughout the world. Substance use problems are among the major contributors to the global disease burden, which includes disability and mortality. The benefits of treatment far outweigh the economic costs. Despite the availability of treatment services, however, the vast majority of people with substance use disorders do not seek or use treatment. Barriers to and unmet need for evidence-based treat- ment are widespread even in the United States. Women, adolescents, and young adults are especially vulnerable to adverse effects from substance abuse, but they face additional barriers to getting evidence-based treatment or other social/medical services. Substance use behaviors and the diseases attributable to substance use problems are preventable and modifiable. Yet the ever-changing patterns of substance use and associated problems require combined research and policy-making efforts from all parts of the world to establish a viable knowledge base to inform for prevention, risk-reduction intervention, effective use of evidence-based treatment, and rehabilitation for long-term recovery. The new international, open-access, peer-reviewed Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation (SAR) journal strives to provide an effective platform for sharing ideas for solutions and disseminating research findings globally. Substance use behaviors and problems have no boundaries. The journal welcomes papers from all regions of the world that address any aspect of substance use, abuse/dependence, intervention, treatment, and policy. The "open-access" journal makes cutting edge knowledge freely available to practitioners and researchers worldwide, and this is particularly important for addressing the global disease burden attributable to substance abuse.
The Protomodern Augustine? Colin Gunton and the Failure of Augustine

: The late Colin Gunton often criticized Augustine in two key areas: (1) Augustine's supposed emphasis of the one over the many effectively severed any meaningful link between creation and redemption (contra the theological understanding of Irenaeus); and (2) because of Augustine's supposed emphasis on the timeless essence of God at the expense of the three real persons, Augustine failed to bequeath to the Western intellectual tradition the benefits of a truly Christian ontology (effectively losing the insights of theologians such as the Cappadocian Fathers). This article argues that for all of Gunton's insights – and there are many – a close reading of Augustine actually shows that Augustine is not guilty of such weaknesses and that in fact Augustine provides some of the very theological insights and strengths Gunton wishes to mine from other sources.
Tactual sensitivity of chronic pain patients to non-painful stimuli

Abstract Chronic pain research tends to focus on responses to thresholds, tolerance and discrimination involving painful stimuli. This investigation, however, examines responses of individuals with chronic pain to non-painful stimuli. Two-point thresholds were obtained from 19 chronic pain patients and 17 pain-free individuals. The chronic pain patients had a significantly higher two-point threshold, 40.3 mm (S.D., 15.0 mm) than that of the control group, which had a two-point threshold of 30.8 mm (S.D., 7.4 mm). The results indicate that chronic pain decreases tactual sensitivity to non-painful stimuli.
Pressures in a Divided France

< JT is almost discouraging," one of the most brilliant younger French 1 political scientists wrote recently, "to describe once more the elements of our political crisis. In the past ten years and even in the past twenty-five, there has been a distressingly high number of exact, penetrating and ineffective critiques. How many concordant diagnostics, how many useless efforts!"' Professor Hoffmann's own study of the Poujade movement and the other books here reviewed are among the most revealing of such diagnostics. For all their differences in emphasis, the authors' analyses of the particular difficulties which representative government has encountered in France are generally "concordant." The perpetual political disorder, the inability of the French democracy to absorb a sometimes latent, sometimes acute, anti-constitutional opposition, are understood as resulting from the failure of the middle classes to adapt themselves to a dynamic republican regime. American political scientists have been of late much concerned with investigating how political and social forces gain access to the centers of authoritative decision-making. Without always succeeding in clarifying a concept that seems to be as promising as it is difficult to analyze concretely, our French colleagues agree that the irregularity of access to power afforded the middle classes in France is the root cause of that nation's political instability. What Prevost-Paradol wrote during the Second Empire is no less correct ninety years later: "The French Revolution has founded a society; it still seeks its government." At no time did any of the republics become the legitimate regime of the entire nation, much less the object of a common faith. The political parties naturally attractive to the French middle classes, i.e., the parties of the Center and of the Right, have never functioned as effective transmission belts between the voters and the government.
Clinical Research Involving Preschoolers Who Stutter: Real-World Applications of Evidence-Based Practice

Purpose This commentary is a response to a Letter to the Editor: Yaruss, Coleman, and Hammer (2006): An Exemplar of Non-Evidence Based Practice in Stuttering Treatment. Method Our commentary addres...
Effects of rotation and ion incidence angle on sputter depth resolution in thin films of NiFe/Ta

In an NiFe/Ta system, interface widths (Δz) are compared for sputter profiles with stationary and rotating sample holder (Zalar rotation). For low sputter angles, the Zalar rotation brings considerable improvements in Δz. For higher sputter angles, the improvements available through Zalar rotation vanishes as self-shadowing due to crystallites with less favorable orientation becomes the dominating rate mechanism. The improvement is further reduced for thinner films much below 1000 A.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus expression and LTR transcription are repressed in NEF-expressing cell lines

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) NEF protein has been demonstrated to be a negative regulator of HIV-1 replication and HIV-1 LTR transcription under transient expression conditions. The difficulty of several laboratories to reproduce these findings led us to reexamine the role of NEF in HIV-1 provirus expression and HIV-1 LTR transcription. Basal transcription from the HIV-1 LTR in the presence of a NEF expression vector was compared to that in the presence of a mutated NEF vector. NEF expression led to a greater than 10-fold repression of LTR transcription under these conditions. HeLa and Jurkat cell lines carrying the nef gene linked to the CMV promoter or the HIV-1 LTR were isolated by coselection for neomycin resistance. Single cell isolates were further selected for the expression of nef transcripts. With the exception of the anti-sense nef cell lines, all the nef cell lines expressed the 27-kDa NEF protein, detectable by immunoprecipitation. NEF+ HeLa cell lines were at least 5-fold less efficient than NEF- HeLa cell lines in transient proviral expression. Provirus expression was also repressed in the NEF+ Jurkat cell lines. TAT-activated LTR transcription from an HIV-1 LTR-linked CAT expression vector was repressed 10-fold in the NEF+ HeLa and NEF+ Jurkat cell lines. When infected with HIV-1, NEF expressing T lymphoid cell lines showed moderate delays in onset and peak of reverse transcriptase production. However, none of these cell lines completely arrested virus replication. Our data confirm a negative regulatory effect of NEF on both virus production and LTR driven CAT expression in the cell lines tested. It is possible that cell specific factors may influence NEF activity.
Evaluation of Recovery Goals for Endangered White Sturgeon in the Kootenai River, Idaho

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate recovery goals for endangered white sturgeon Acipencer transmontanus in the Kootenai River, Idaho. We used demographic statistics for white sturgeon in the Kootenai River in a stochastic density-dependent population model to estimate recruitment rates needed for population recovery. We simulated future abundance of white sturgeon in the Kootenai River over a 25-year period and a range of hypothetical recruitment rates to estimate the level of recruitment that would lead to population recovery (7,000 fish, the number present before the population suffered recruitment failure). We compared simulations of future abundance at enhanced levels of recruitment with those based on the present status of the population and with the recruitment criterion in the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Recovery Plan. We found that the population would decline to only 57 individuals after 25 years and only 6 individuals after 50 years if recruitment failure continued. The population would re...
Roadway Widening Costs for Geometric Design Improvements To Accommodate Potential Larger Trucks

The substantial costs that could be required to accommodate potential future trucks on the existing roadway system are estimated. These costs have been shown to be sensitive to the size of the truck and the extent of the roadway system considered. Geometric requirements are considered for truck configurations that have greater offtracking and swept-path width than tractor-semitrailer combinations with a single 14.6-m (48-ft) trailer (longer combination vehicles). The truck configurations evaluated include larger tractor-semitrailers, Rocky Mountain doubles, B-train doubles, turnpike doubles, and triples. The extent and cost of roadway widening that would be necessary to accommodate the larger trucks are considered for horizontal curves on mainline roadways and interchange ramps and for ramp terminals and at-grade intersections. Potential costs also are included to provide staging areas to accommodate larger multitrailer trucks and the cost savings in geometric improvements that might be required if stagin...
Pre-service teachers in mathematics: Struggling with the Standards

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe a two-year investigation of pre-service teachers in mathematics. Of particular interest is the degree to which the NCTM (1989) Curriculum and evaluation standards for school mathematics , the NCTM (1991) Professional standards for teaching mathematics , and other reform agendas impact pre-service teachers' thinking and practices. The beliefs, perceptions, philosophies, and classroom actions of four cohorts of student teachers ( n = 44) were examined throughout this 2year study. Of particular interest were the pressure student teachers felt to implement the Standards in their teaching, their perceptions of their own teaching with respect to the Standards , the content of their lessons, and the impact of cooperating teachers on the development of the student teachers. Data was collected through a variety of sources, organized and analyzed in the spirit of ethnographic work. Data was generated through classroom observations, pre- and post-lesson conferences, lesson plans, seminar sessions, survey questionnaires, and informal conversations. A minimum of four classroom observations were made for each participant. Analysis of the data revealed general agreement among the student teachers in their regard for the Standards . Although they appeared to affirm the goals, content and recommendations contained therein, they almost uniformly suggest that they lack the tools to implement the Standards appropriately in the classroom. The consistency in the types and content of lessons observed appeared to validate this concern. An overwhelming majority of the lessons observed bore little or no resemblance to the values so highly espoused by the student teachers. Student teachers perceived notable pressure from the education program to include the Standards in their teaching practices, while feeling little pressure from cooperating teachers. They also point to cooperating teachers as the most significant influence on their teaching.
Psychosomatic Studies of Psychiatric Disorders: Schizophrenia

This paper uses some of the data on central nervous dysfunction in schizophrenic patients as a paradigm for the integration of biologic data with psychopathologic conditions. As such, a good portion of the paper emphasizes the methodologic and interpretive problems one must consider in "psychosomatic" studies of mental illness. A possible theory to integrate these findings is presented.
Mucosal clipping—utility and safety testing in the colon

namely, cigarette smoking. Screening hyponasopharyngoscopy might be perceived by otolaryngologists as a diagnostic intrusion. However, biopsy is inappropriate in a screening procedure and detection of pathology should necessitate an ENT evaluation. In summary, routine hypopharyngoscopy at the time of EGD is technically easy and has a definable yield, depending upon the age and background of the patient; nasopharyngoscopy is more difficult but also delineates pathology in a subset of patients. Both techniques can be added to diagnostic EGD as screening procedures with little patient discomfort, negligible risk, and minimal extra endoscopy time so that no additional charge need be added to that of the diagnostic EGD.
The retrofitting of reinforced concrete column-to-beam connections

Abstract This paper reports the research effort in improving the ductility of concrete column-to-beam connection and the capability of connections containing insufficient development length. CFRP tow sheets were wrapped around the column near the joint region for ductility retrofitting, and were longitudinally bonded to and/or wrapped around the column near the joint with a set of steel angles and rods for development retrofitting. Repeated loading–unloading–reloading were applied on ductility specimens for simulating seismic loads. Development specimens were tested under monotonic loading. A total of 19 concrete column-to-beam connection specimens were tested. Ductility retrofitting has resulted in significant improvement in ductility and 24–35% increase in ultimate loading capacity. The development retrofitting has demonstrated 154–172% increase in ultimate loading capacity.
IB-07HISTOPLASMOSIS WITH CNS INVOLVEMENT: CASE PRESENTATION WITH DISCUSSION AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Histoplasma capsulatum is one of the most common fungal respiratory infections in the world. CNS histoplasmosis is rare and difficult to diagnose because it is often overlooked or mistaken for other pathologies due to its non-specific symptoms. Failure to quickly diagnose CNS histoplasmosis leads to a poor prognosis. A 32-year-old homosexual Hispanic male with advanced AIDS presented with an altered mental status and reported confusion for the past three months. He had a GSC scale of 12, repetitive non-fluent speech, and a disconjugate gaze with a right gaze preference. Lung-CT findings indicated a pulmonary histoplasmosis infection. An MRI of the brain revealed a ring-enhancing lesion in the left caudate nucleus. A CT guided left retroperitoneal node biopsy was performed and indicated a benign inflammatory process with organisms compatible with fungal yeast. Treatment with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole was initiated in spite of negative CSF cultures and proved effective in mitigating associated CNS lesions and resolving neurologic deficits. The patient was discharged three weeks later in stable condition. Six weeks later, his left basal ganglia mass decreased from 30 x 36.9mm to 28.3 x 23.3mm. Early recognition of symptoms and proper steps are key in improving outcomes of CNS histoplasmosis. Aggressive medical management is possible in treatment of intracranial deep mass lesions, and disseminated histoplasmosis with CNS involvement can be appropriately diagnosed and treated, despite negative CSF and serology studies.
A compact model for dielectric charging in RF MEMS capacitive switches

A unified, macroscopic, one-dimensional model is presented for the quantitative description of the process of dielectric charging in radio frequency micro-electro-mechanical systems (RF MEMS) switches. The fidelity of the model relies on the utilization of experimentally obtained data to assign values to model parameters that capture the nonlinear behavior of the dielectric charging process. The proposed model can be easily cast in the form of a simple simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) circuit. Its compact, physics-based form enables its seamless insertion in nonlinear, SPICE-like, circuit simulators and makes it compatible with system-level MEMS computer-aided analysis and design tools. The model enables the efficient simulation of dielectric charging under different, complex control voltage waveforms. In addition, it provides the means for expedient simulation of the impact of dielectric charging on switch performance degradation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.
The Idea of Right as a Social and Legal Concept

The legal system consists of authorizations and rights, as well as commands. Some claims of right are demands for major changes in society. These claims may act as an important alternative to violence; on the other hand, denial of such claims may lead to serious frustration. This is particularly so because although the essence of a right is that it is theoretically without limits as to supply, in actual practice no right can be absolute, and rights are in constant conflict. The use of claims of right to bring about social change seems to be rapidly increasing in the United States; and the socialization process that leads to a consciousness of right should be further explored.
Effects of Logging on the Abundance and Seasonal Distribution of Juvenile Steelhead in Some Southeastern Alaska Streams

Abstract Eighteen streams in six locations in southeastern Alaska were examined for the effects of logging on juvenile steelhead (Salmo gairdneri) populations. Three types of streams were examined at each location: a stream in undisturbed old-growth forest; a stream in a clear-cut area with strips of forest (buffer strips) along the stream bank; and a stream in a clear-cut area logged on at least one bank. Within each stream type, three reaches were sampled. Few juvenile steelhead were found in reaches where juvenile cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) were present, and no juvenile steelhead were found in streams with a low-flow discharge (<0.06 m 3/s). Only two study sites, Prince of Wales Island and Mitkof Island, had juvenile steelhead in all three stream types. Fry (age 0) and parr (age I and older) were sampled in summer and winter at the Prince of Wales Island site; parr were sampled in summer at the Mitkof Island site. Logging appeared to affect the growth of steelhead fry and the abundance and distribu...
Natural convection in enclosures with off-center innerbodies

Abstract Measurements were made of the average Nusselt number at a small innerbody situated in an enclosed space, with the innerbody and the bounding wall of the enclosure maintained at different uniform temperatures. Natural convection occurred in the air which occupied the enclosed space. The position of the innerbody within the enclosure was varied parametrically, as was the orientation of the enclosure relative to the gravity field. Both the innerbody and the enclosure were cylinders with length-diameter ratios of unity, and the cylinder-cylinder diameter ratio was 0.2. At low Rayleigh numbers and for narrow gaps between the innerbody and the bounding wall of the enclosure, direct interwall conduction enhanced the innerbody Nusselt number. Aside from this, the Nusselt number was remarkably insensitive to both the position of the innerbody and the orientation of the enclosure. The results were correlated to within ± 6% by the relation Nu i = 1.050 Ra i 0.178 .
Talilmogene Iaherparepvec generates systemic T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity

Meeting abstracts Talimogene laherparepvec is an investigational oncolytic immunotherapy based on a modified herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) that is designed to selectively replicate in tumor tissue and to stimulate a systemic antitumor immune response. Intralesional administration of
Scanner correction capabilities aware CMP lithography hotspot analysis

CMP effects on manufacturability are becoming more prominent as we move towards advanced process nodes, 28nm and below. It is well known that dishing and erosion occur during CMP process, and they strongly depend on pattern density, line spacing and line width [1] . Excessive thickness or topography variations can lead to shrinkage of process windows, causing potential yield problems such as resist lifting or printability issues. When critical patterns fall into regions with extreme topography variations, they would be more sensitive to defects and could potentially become yield limiters or killers. Scanner tools compensate and correct topography variations by following the given profile [2] . However the scanner exposure window size is wider compared to local topography variations in design. This difference would generate new lithography focus sensitive weak points which may be missed. Experiments have been conducted as shown in Fig 1. Design under manufacturing has been subjected to scanner tool topography focus corrections. Despite of the corrections, Site B topography height has worsened while site A and C shown some improvements. As a result, additional improvements need to be done to meet manufacturability requirements.
Research Brief A Literature Review of Frontotemporal Dementia and Driving

There is a growing body of research on Alzheimer's disease and driving, but much less is known about less common dementias, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The purpose of this study was to review the empirical literature about FTD and driving. A study was included if it met the following criteria: published from 1992 to 2013 in English, research involving humans, and included both FTD and driving data. We searched the following electronic databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, Google Scholar, Proquest, Web of Knowledge, and Publishing Connect. A total of 367 abstracts were reviewed; however, only 4 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. Results showed that drivers with FTD had more problems than control groups. Specific driving issues were related to antisocial behaviors common among people with FTD (eg, hit and run crashes, failure to stop at red lights, speeding infractions, and failure to recognize pedestrians at intersections). More research on FTD and driving is needed.
Comparison of the Binding of Cadmium(II), Mercury(II), and Arsenic(III) to the de Novo Designed Peptides TRI L12C and TRI L16C

Designed α-helical peptides of the TRI family with a general sequence Ac-G(LKALEEK)4G-CONH2 were used as model systems for the study of metal−protein interactions. Variants containing cysteine residues in positions 12 (TRI L12C) and 16 (TRI L16C) were used for the metal binding studies. Cd(II) binding was investigated, and the results were compared with previous and current work on Hg(II) and As(III) binding. The metal peptide assemblies were studied with the use of UV, CD, EXAFS, 113Cd NMR, and 111mCd perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy. The metalated peptide aggregates exhibited pH-dependent behavior. At high pH values, Cd(II) was bound to the three sulfurs of the three-stranded α-helical coiled coils. A mixture of two species was observed, including Cd(II) in a trigonal planar geometry. The complexes have UV bands at 231 nm (20 600 M-1 cm-1) for TRI L12C and 232 nm (22 600 M-1 cm-1) for TRI L16C, an average Cd−S bond length of 2.49 A for both cases, and a 113Cd NMR chemical shift at 619 ppm (CdI...
Cloning of the p53 tumor suppressor gene from the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and evaluation of mutational hotspots in MNNG-exposed fish

Abstract A full-length cDNA clone of the medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) p53 tumor suppressor gene was isolated from a cDNA library from adult liver tissue, sequenced and characterized. Sequence analysis revealed a high degree of homology between putative functional domains of medaka p53 and p53 genes from other vertebrate taxa including rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), frog ( Xenopus laevis ), chicken ( Gallus gallus ), rat ( Rattus norvegicus ), mouse ( Mus musculus ), hamster ( Mesocricetus auratus ), green monkey ( Ceropithecus aethiops ) and human ( Homo sapiens ). A single 1.9-kb p53 mRNA is expressed at a very low level in normal adult liver tissue. This transcript is similar in size to transcripts of p53 genes from other species. Preliminary screening of six MNNG-induced tumors in four adult medaka revealed no mutations within characteristic mutational hotspots encompassing conserved domains IV and V. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Boundary correspondence and dilatation of harmonic mappings

If a sense-preserving harmonic mapping has dilatation of unit modulus on some boundary are, then it maps that are onto a concave are unless it is piecewise constant A theorem to this effect is proved with the aid of Hopf's lemma. A corollary is that if a harmonic mapping of the disk onto a convex domain extends to a “regular” homeomorphism of the closures, then it is quasiconformal.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacts with c-Maf to promote the differentiation of type 1 regulatory T cells induced by IL-27

Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells ) that produce interleukin 10 (IL-10) are instrumental in the prevention of tissue inflammation, autoimmunity and graft-versus-host disease. The transcription factor c-Maf is essential for the induction of IL-10 by Tr1 cells, but the molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of these cells remain unclear. Here we show that the ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which was induced by IL-27, acted in synergy with c-Maf to promote the development of Tr1 cells. After T cell activation under Tr1-skewing conditions, the AhR bound to c-Maf and promoted transactivation of the Il10 and Il21 promoters, which resulted in the generation of Tr1 cells and the amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Manipulating AhR signaling could therefore be beneficial in the resolution of excessive inflammatory responses.