cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A SOLUTION METHOD FOR PLANAR AND AXISYMMETRIC CONTACT PROBLEMS

SUMMARY A solution procedure for the analysis of planar and axisymmetric contact problems involving sticking, frictional sliding and separation under large deformations is presented. The contact conditions are imposed using the total potential of the contact forces with the geometric compatibility conditions, which leads to contact system matrices and force vectors. Some key aspects of the procedure arc the contact matrices, the use of distributed tractions on the contact segments for deciding whether a node is sticking, sliding or releasing and the evaluation of the nodal point contact forces. The solutions to various sample problems are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm. Much progress has been made during recent years in the development of computational capabilities for general analysis of certain nonlinear effects in solids and structures. In each of these developments, quite naturally, the first step was the demonstration of some ideas and possibilities for the analyses under consideration, and then the research and development for reliable and general techniques was undertaken. The second step proved in many cases much more difficult, and in the case of capabilities for analysis of contact problems has yielded few general results. Although some of the first complex contact problems have been solved using the finite element method quite some time ago,'- and much interest exists in the research and solution of contact problems (see, for example, References 4-1 5), there is still a great deaiwf effort necessary for the development of a reliable, general and cost-effective algorithm for the practical analysis of such problems. This is largely due to the fact that the analysis of contact problems is computationally extremely difficult, even for the simplest constitutive relations used. Much of the difficulty lies in that the boundary conditions of the bodies under consideration are not known prior to the analysis, but they depend on the solution variables. The aim in our research is the development of a solution algorithm for analysis of general contact conditions which shall include the possibilities to analyse: contact between flexible-flexible and rigid--flexible bodies; sticking or sliding conditions (with or without friction); large relative motions between bodies; repeated contact and separation between the bodies. Since the large deformation motion of the individual bodies can in many cases be analysed already quite effectively,'6 an algorithm of the above nature will certainly enlarge, very
Gene structure and expression of human thyroid transcription factor-1 in respiratory epithelial cells

The human gene encoding thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), a homeodomain-containing nuclear transcription protein of the Nkx2 gene family, was isolated and characterized. Human TTF-1 was encoded by a single gene locus spanning approximately 3.3 kilobases and consisted of two exons and a single intron. The TTF-1 cDNA and polypeptide of 371 amino acids have been highly conserved, sharing 98% identity with the rat TTF-1 polypeptide. Human TTF-1 mRNA and polypeptide were selectively expressed in human and mouse pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell lines. In addition to its presence in thyroid gland epithelium, the human TTF-1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in human fetal lung as early as 11 weeks of gestation, being localized in the nuclei of epithelial cells of the developing airways. After birth, TTF-1 was selectively expressed in Type II epithelial cells in the alveoli and in subsets of bronchiolar epithelial cells in the conducting regions of the lung. The 5′-flanking region of the human TTF-1 gene directed transcription of luciferase cDNA in a lung epithelial cell-selective manner. The conservation and distribution of TTF-1 in the human respiratory tract support its role in the regulation of lung development and surfactant homeostasis.
Identity gaps and level of depression among Korean immigrants

Identity gaps are a new theoretical construct that provide a framework for integrating communication into the study of identity and understanding the relationship between identity and health outcomes, such as depression. Derived from the communication theory of identity, identity gaps emerge when elements of identity are inconsistent with each other. This article focuses on 2 types of identity gaps, personal-enacted and personal-relational, examining their relationships with situational variables and depression. A questionnaire was administered to a community sample of 377 Korean immigrants to test a hypothesized path model predicting that 3 situational variables (intercultural communication competence, middleperson status, and perception of racial hierarchy) would influence the identity gaps that, in turn, influence Korean immigrants' levels of depression. Results showed that all 3 situational variables predicted Korean immigrants' personal-relational identity gaps, whereas only intercultural communication competence predicted their personal-enacted identity gaps. Both types of identity gaps predicted the level of depression. The personal-relational identity gap significantly mediated the effects of all 3 situational variables on levels of depression. However, the personal-enacted identity gap mediated only the effects of intercultural communication competence on the levels of depression.
Ophthalmic laser microendoscope endophotocoagulation.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the function of the ophthalmic laser microendoscope as it pertains to endophotocoagulation in the management of vitreoretinal disease. Methods: Fifty-four consecutive vitrectomies with endophotocoagulation were performed using the ophthalmic laser microendoscope instead of endoillumination and endophotocoagulation probes. Intraoperative and postoperative efficacy and complications were evaluated. Results: The ophthalmic laser microendoscope was used to illuminate and view the retina and to deliver diode laser energy in the management of posterior retinal breaks, proliferative retinopathies, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The technique of endophotocoagulation was similar to that used routinely in vitreoretinal surgery. The photocoagulation lesions that were created were identical to those delivered by standard endophotocoagulation probes. Intraoperative complications were few, consisting of transient mild retinal or choroidal hemorrhages. Severe postoperative complications related to endophotocoagulation or to use of the ophthalmic laser microendoscope were not observed. Conclusion: The ophthalmic laser microendoscope appears to be a safe and effective method of delivering diode laser energy to the retina while simultaneously providing illumination, video recording, and a clear endoscopic view despite anterior segment conditions that might otherwise preclude adequate visualization and treatment. Fewer instrument insertions/removals were required for endophotocoagulation. Post-treatment search for peripheral iatrogenic retinal breaks was accomplished by endoscopy.
Role of IVIg in autoimmune, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system: present and future prospects.

Although IVIg is highly effective in several autoimmune neuromuscular disorders (neuropathies, myopathies and neuromuscular junction disorders), its effectiveness in autoimmune or neuroinflammatory CNS diseases, with the exception of multiple sclerosis, has not been explored. Emerging data suggest that IVIg may have a role not only in certain antibody-mediated CNS diseases but also in some neurodegenerative disorders associated with “neuroinflammation” mediated by proinflammatory cytokines. Data from a previously reported controlled study conducted in patients with stiff person syndrome (SPS) are presented as a paradigm of a CNS disorder associated with specific autoantibodies responding to IVIg. Emerging data using IVIg in various neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimers disease, postpolio syndrome (PPS), fibrotic disorders, chronic painful conditions and narcoplepsy are summarized. On the basis of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted in SPS patients with high anti-GAD antibodies, IVIg was shown to be effective resulting in improvement of stiffness and heightened sensitivity scores and increasing the patients’ ability to carry out daily activities. In SPS, IVIg also suppressed the anti-GAD antibodies titers probably via an anti-idiotypic effect. A controlled study in patients with PPS, showed reduction in cytokines in serum and CSF with concomitant improvement in the patients’ strength and ability to carry out their daily activities. The effect of IVIg in a small number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease was promising by reducing the ADAS-cog scores, suggesting a reversal of disease progression. IVIg has been shown to have an effect on tissue fibrosis and in certain subacute painful conditions by suppressing cytokines that mediate fibrosis or pain. In another uncontrolled study, IVIg reduced the number of cataplectic attacks in narcolepsy patients. IVIg is effective in anti-GAD-positive patients with SPS. Whether it is also effective in other GAD-positive CNS disorders such as epilepsies, cerebellar degenerations or Batten’s disease need to be studied in control trials. Emerging data suggest that IVIg, by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines, may exert a beneficial effect in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, postpolio syndrome, chronic pain syndromes, fibrotic disorders and narcolepsy. Controlled studies are being planned or conducted to substantiate the benefit of IVIg in neurodegenerative disorders.
Follow the Money Mayoral Choice and Expenditure Policy

After the 1975 fiscal crisis, New York City mayors experienced a highly constrained fiscal environment monitored by the state. This study examined expenditure policies of each postfiscal crisis mayor (Ed Koch, David Dinkins, and Rudolph Giuliani), analyzed the extent of mayoral choice each mayor exercised in this new environment, and asked four questions concerning ways they allocated their resources. Conclusions were (a) postfiscal crisis mayors could not exclusively control their external environments in terms of revenues and were heavily influenced and constrained by the national political scene; (b) notwithstanding external fiscal and political forces, all postfiscal crisis mayors strived to fulfill their own political agendas in the way they spent their dollars and often succeeded; (c) Mayor Dinkins found it difficult to sustain redistributive functions given lack of control over external factors; and (d) since the fiscal crisis, forces for economic development versus forces for redistribution have s...
Finding the Field: Notes on Caribbean Cultural Criticism, Area Studies, and the Forms of Engagement

Reflecting on the methodology of my book The Grenada Revolution in the Caribbean Present: Operation Urgent Memory, this chapter argues for the importance of fieldwork in Caribbean literary and cultural studies, seeks to carve a space for such fieldwork in literary-critical practice, and contributes to the development of a shared public discourse about fieldwork by articulating and refining the untheorized practices of fieldwork in the humanities. It situates literary fieldwork in relation to practices of literature, area studies, anthropology, and memory and trauma studies. For example, it explores how a study of place, scale, poetics, and everyday life can supplement traditional psychoanalytic models of memory and trauma studies; and it identifies the ways in which the author’s fieldwork on memory of the Grenada Revolution both originated in and extended literary studies.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) vector-mediated in vivo gene transfer into adult rabbit retina.

Purpose. To evaluate the potential usefulness of HIV-2 viral vector in in vivo retinal gene therapy. Methods. An HIV-2 virus based viral vector was constructed and administered subretinally and intravitreally into rabbit eyes. After viral vector administration, the eyes were closely monitored for any adverse effects by slit lamp, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and fundus photography. Eyes were enucleated at specified times after injection, and reporter gene expression was identified within cell types and graded by the pattern and distribution of staining cells using fluorescent microscopy. Results. The HIV-2 viral vector demonstrated efficient gene transfer into many types of retinal cells without apparent cytotoxicity. Notably with subretinal injection, the HIV-2 vector resulted in higher efficiency of transduction of photoreceptor cells than of the other cell types (p < 0.05). With the intravitreal administration of HIV-2 viral vectors, cellular transduction and transgene expression in the ganglion cell la...
The effect of a vitamin D-free fat on the absorption and retention of phosphorus.

Abstract A vitamin D-free fat, namely, purified cottonseed oil, incorporated in an adequate-calcium, low-phosphorus, cereal-free rachitogenic ration, when fed to young rats increased the absorption and retention of phosphorus but decreased the percentage of bone ash. This apparently was caused by an increase in growth which made the demand for phosphorus of certain soft tissues dominant over those of bone. When fat was fed with the basal ration supplemented with an adequate amount of phosphorus, the demand of both types of tissue could be met; calcification of bone was increased and the phosphorus content of certain soft tissues such as the liver was also increased. It follows, that data on calcification of bone cannot always be used as a criterion of the over-all state of phosphorus equilibrium in the animal.
Membrane Permeability of Peptides and Drugs

Amphipathic peptides bind to the outer leaflet of membrane bilayers. Do they translocate across the membrane? The answers are directly related to their functions in the case of cell-penetrating peptides and drugs, or to their mechanisms in the case of AMPs. To our knowledge, few permeability experiments have been performed so far, probably because of the difficulty of detecting the peptides and also because a meaningful test must be conducted at biologically relevant concentrations which are usually low. In the case of pore forming peptides, the test must be performed without pore formation. Here we demonstrate a membrane permeation experiment for a peptide drug NYAD-1 (an HIV-1 inhibitor). There are several factors that make this experiment possible. We used a FITC labeled peptide called NYAD-2 for the peptide detection. We discovered that it is possible to produce GUVs in pH 9, although not in pH 7. We found that the intensity of FITC in pH 9 is 1.7 times higher than in pH 7. By using an aspirated GUV, we measured the relative binding coefficients of NYAD-2 to the GUV in pH 7 and pH 9, and found that the former is 2 to 3 times higher than the latter. With all these provisions, we performed the permeability test by transferring an aspirated GUV produced in pH 9 solution containing Texas red dextran (TRD) MW 625 to a solution of pH 7 containing 2 micro-Mole NYAD-2. We found the concentration of NYAD-2 inside the GUV increased with time while the membrane remained intact and there was no leakage of TRD. We are able to extend this method to test the membrane permeability of other peptides and drugs such as Melittin.
Metabolic fate of ecdysteroids in larval bombyx mori and Heliothis virescens

Abstract Efficient ecdysteroid metabolism and metabolite excretion may be among the major factors that reduce the bioactivity of exogenous ecdysteroids in some insects. Also, distinct ecdysteroid metabolic pathways in the gut tissues of different insects may result in different sensitivities to the ingested ecdysteroids in these insects. We have studied the major metabolic fate of injected and ingested ecdysone in the larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori , and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens , in order to understand these deactivation factors. The metabolism of ingested ecdysone were found to be different from those of injected ecdysone. Metabolic pathways of ingested ecdysteroids were also different in these two insect species. Ecdysone hydroxylation followed by oxidation to 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid was the major pathway of injected ecdysone in the larvae. An additional pathway, epimerization followed by sulfate conjugate formation of the 3-epiecdysone, was found in B. mori larvae fed with ecdysone. However, the majority of ingested ecdysone was transformed into ecdysone-22-acylesters in H. virescens larvae. The formation of ecdysteroid-22-acylesters in H. virescens larval gut may be the major mechanism leading to the low sensitivity to the ingested ecdysteroids in this insect.
Impact of new information technologies on training and continuing education for rural health professionals.

: Recently developed and emerging information and communications technologies offer the potential to move the clinical training of physicians and other health professionals away from the resource intensive urban academic health center, with its emphasis on tertiary care, and into rural settings that may be better able to place emphasis on the production of badly needed primary care providers. These same technologies also offer myriad opportunities to enhance the continuing education of health professionals in rural settings. This article explores the effect of new technologies for rural tele-education by briefly reviewing the effect of technology on health professionals’education, describing ongoing applications of tele-education, and discussing the likely effect of new technological developments on the future of tele-education. Tele-education has tremendous potential for improving the health care of rural Americans, and policy-makers must direct resources to its priority development in rural communities.
Elevated NEFA levels impair glucose effectiveness by increasing net hepatic glycogenolysis

Aims/hypothesis Acute hyperglycaemia rapidly suppresses endogenous glucose production (EGP) in non-diabetic individuals, mainly by inhibiting glycogenolysis. Loss of this ‘glucose effectiveness’ contributes to fasting hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. Elevated NEFA levels characteristic of type 2 diabetes impair glucose effectiveness, although the mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore we examined the impact of increasing NEFA levels on the ability of hyperglycaemia to regulate pathways of EGP.
An empirical test of the effects of government deficits on money demand

There is a great deal of interest in how govenment deficits affect macroeconomic variables. Accordingly, there is a large body of theoretical and empirical work on the topic. This paper examines the relationship between deficits and interest rates. Among the difficulties in exploring this relationship is that when conducting monetary policy, the Federal Reserve often targets interest rates. Such a policy can cloud any relationship between deficits and interest rates. A way to avoid this problem (among others) is to estimate money demand functions that contain a measure of the market value of government debt. No evidence is found to support a positive relationship between government debt and money demand. This finding implies budget deficits do not affect interest rates through money demand.
Asia and EC 1992: The missing link

The EC 1992 program to complete the Internal Market by the end of 1992 has received a great deal of attention in the popular press, trade and academic journals, and elsewhere. Indeed, the Atlantic Economic Journal in its September 1990 edition focused on several aspects of the t992 program, all dealing with the "Impact of 1992 Europe." These contributions are all useful in that they treat the multidimensional nature of this impressive and ambitious movement toward vertical economic integration. However, discussions of the effects on developing countries are frequently lacking, and implications for developing Asia in particular are ignored. Yet, developing Asia constitutes a critical region that is likely to experience important changes as a result of EC 1992. The developing countries in Asia are unique in that they represent a group which, with the exception of a few, have embraced outward-oriented development strategies. Some have long based their economic policies on international trade and investment (e.g., the Asian NIEs) and some have recently launched radical liberalization programs (e.g., Indonesia). These policies have been instrumental in the many success stories of the region. Latin American and African countries are now looking to Asia for an alternative model of development. Yet, the flip side of an outward-looking policy is the need to become more interdependent with the international marketplace. Hence the question: How will EC 1992 directly affect Asian developing countries through changes in its preferential structure and other discriminatory treatment inherent in the formation of economic blocks and indirectly through its effects on the openness of the international marketplace itself?. For example, what would an EC common commercial policy look like once non-tariff barriers are community-wide? What will happen to the Common Agricultural Policy as the EC absorbs Spain and Portugal? How will the countries with close economic, political, and security ties to the EC and who already receive preferences be compensated and how will the compensation affect non-preferential countries such as those in the Asia-Pacific area? Even if the optimistic economic predictions of studies such as the Cecchini Report are realized, itis importantto consider the microeconomic aspects of the EC 1992 program and the possible changes in commercial policy affecting Asian developing countries who are at the bottom of the ladder of the EC pyramid of preferences. The world is entering a new era of developeddeveloping country relations based on partnership. Retaining and enhancing the integrity of the. global trading system is thus critical. While the historical implications of EC t992 are being and should continue to be highlighted, economic integration in Europe, as well as elsewhere in the developed world, needs to be viewed in light of global ramifications in general and impacts on developing countries in particular. As these questions are addressed, confidence in the predictions will commensurately improve.
Phase behavior and solubilization in surfactant-solute-solvent systems by Monte Carlo simulations

We use a lattice-based Monte Carlo method presented recently for micellar solubilization (Talsania et al. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1997, 190, 92) to determine the phase behavior in surfactant−solute−solvent systems and to examine the locus and extent of solubilization of solutes in micelles as a function of the solute hydrophobicity and chain length. A novel method, based on the distribution of solute in clusters of different sizes, is developed to study the phase behavior of the solute in the absence and presence of surfactant. The results obtained from these simulations are compared with estimates based on quasichemical theory to determine the applicability of this theory to micellar systems. Addition of surfactant to a solute−solvent system first leads to a decrease in the solubility of the solutes prior to a subsequent increase at higher surfactant concentrations. An examination of micellar shapes shows that the surfactant studied forms roughly spherical micelles. However, the presence of solute indu...
Internal Medicine in the 1930s

The Harvard Medical School set up a teaching service at Boston City Hospital in 1914; in 1923, the school added a specially endowed research facility, the Thorndike Memorial Laboratory. The combination, known as the Harvard Medical Unit at Boston City Hospital, endured for 52 years. Its history, by Finland and Castle, 1 is monumental in scope, but personal recollections will, perhaps, render vivid the medical experiences of an intern with the unit during the 1930s. The unit then comprised two general medical services and the Thorndike, as it was called. The Thorndike had separate wards for clinical investigation and for research laboratories, where the internists, the attending men, pursued their special interests. The emphasis on the wards was bedside teaching. The dean, David Edsall, had increased tenfold the funds for bedside teaching and had tripled those for research. As interns, we were told that there would be no time for
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ENDOGENOUS RESPIRATION OF RAT TESTICULAR TISSUE1,2

Changes in the endogenous respiration of testicular tissue following an injury are poorly understood. A nonspecific rise in the Qo2 of injured testicular tissue has been reported in the literature. This study was conducted to determine the possible role of pituitary in the testicular Qo2 changes. Hypophysectomy was found to have no effect on the testicular Qo2. X-irradiation sharply increased the Qo2. This increase, however, could be prevented by hypophysectomy. A reversal of the hypophysectomy effect on the Qo2 in xirradiated testes was produced by gonadotrophin treatment. Also a rise in Qo2 of testes from hypophysectomized animals was produced by gonadotrophin treatment. On the other hand, treatment of intact animals with gonadotrophins did not produce any changes in the testicular Qo2. Correlations of the various experimental states with the testicular histology and the endogenous respiration of the tissue suggested that the changes in Qo2 are related to the levels of pituitary gonadotrophins.
Crack arrest in a wire-reinforced polymer composite

Abstract An experimental method of investigating rapid crack propagation and crack arrest in dynamically loaded fiber composites was developed. The reinforcement geometry and the impact energy are the major variables influencing the crack velocity v and the crack length Δa at arrest. However, there is a unique relation between v and Δa independent of the imposed variables.
Asymptotic and oscillatory behavior of solutions of nonlinear neutral delay equations of arbitrary order

Abstract The authors obtain results on the oscillatory and asymptotic behavior of solutions of the nonlinear neutral delay differential equation [y(t)+P(t)y(g(t))] (n) +δF(t, y(h(t))) = 0, where n ≥ 1, δ = ±1, and uF ( t , u ) ≥ 0 for u ≠ 0. Several known results of this type are included as special cases. Examples illustrating their results are included.
Effect of NaOH on Visible Wavelength Spectra of Single Wheat Kernels and Color Classification Efficiency

ABSTRACT A diode-array system, which measures spectral reflectance from 400 to 700 nm, was used to quantify single wheat kernel color before and after soaking in NaOH as a means of determining color class. Wheat color classification is currently a subjective determination and important in determining the end-use of the wheat. Soaking kernels in NaOH and classifying the soaked kernels with the diode-array system resulted in more difficult-to-classify kernels correctly classified (98.1%) than the visual method of classifying kernels (74.8%). Kernel orientation had a slight effect on correct classification, with the side view correctly classifying more kernels than the dorsal or crease view. The diode-array system provided a means of quantifying kernel color and eliminated inspector subjectivity when determining color class.
Perceptions of electronic health record implementation: a statewide survey of physicians in Rhode Island.

Abstract Objectives Although electronic health record use improves healthcare delivery, adoption into clinical practice is incomplete. We sought to identify the extent of adoption in Rhode Island and the characteristics of physicians and electronic health records associated with positive experience. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of data collected by the Rhode Island Department of Health for the Health Information Technology Survey 2009 to 2013. Survey questions included provider and practice demographics, health record information, and Likert-type scaled questions regarding how electronic health record use affected clinical practice. Results The survey response rate ranged from 50% to 65%, with 62% in 2013. Increasing numbers of physicians in Rhode Island use an electronic health record. In 2013, 81% of physicians used one, and adoption varied by clinical subspecialty. Most providers think that electronic health record use improves billing and quality improvement but has not improved job satisfaction. Physicians with longer and more sophisticated electronic health record use report positive effects of introduction on all aspects of practice examined ( P P Conclusions We report the largest statewide study of electronic health record adoption to date. We found increasing physician use in Rhode Island, and the extent of adoption varies by subspecialty. Although older physicians are less likely to be positive about electronic health record adoption, longer and more sophisticated use are associated with more positive opinions, suggesting acceptance will grow over time.
Inter-crystalline fracture and twinning of iron at low temperatures

Abstract It has been found that small amounts of carbon may strongly influence the ductility and the mode of fracture of iron at low temperatures. Irons containing 0.03 to 0.05 per cent carbon normally exhibit considerable ductility and fracture by trans-crystalline cleavage when tested in tension at −195°C. After decarburization in moist hydrogen the same materials are completely brittle at −195°C and fracture occurs by inter-crystalline cleavage; recarburization restores the original properties and mode of fracture. Incomplete decarburization, which leaves the room temperature properties unaffected, leads to inter-crystalline fractures and brittleness at −195°C, however, the low temperature ductility and trans-crystalline mode of fracture may be restored by homogenization. In explanation of these results it is suggested that the grain boundaries in polycrystalline iron are surfaces of low cleavage strength, and that the resistance to cleavage of these surfaces may be greatly increased by the addition of small amounts of carbon. It has frequently been proposed that the low temperature brittleness of iron may be caused by the formation of deformation twins at low temperatures. A number of observations on twinning in decarburized and carburized irons which were made in the course of this investigation are believed to demonstrate that twinning is a secondary phenomenon and cannot be considered as a cause of low-temperature brittleness.
Changes to an IT program in response to the IT 2008 curriculum guidelines

This paper describes the curriculum of a BSIT program at a small, liberal arts college located in the northeast U.S. and the changes that would be necessary to be made in the BSIT curriculum for it to follow the IT 2008 guidelines. The paper describes the genesis of the BSIT and its basis in IT 2005. The paper also presents an evaluation of the current IT curriculum at the college with respect to the IT 2008 Curriculum Guidelines and reports on the changes necessary to implement the Curriculum Guidelines in that environment.
Tertiary Geologic History of Western Oregon and Washington: ABSTRACT

The region of western Oregon and Washington at the beginning of the Tertiary was the site of a north-trending eugeosyncline that is inferred to have occupied the site of the present Coast Range-Olympic Mountains uplift and the Puget-Willamette trough. The distribution of marine and continental facies suggests that the eastern margin of the eugeosyncline extended under the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Cascade Range. Analysis of the distribution, thickness, facies changes, and sedimentary structures of a thick Eocene turbidite sequence indicates that the western margin of the eugeosyncline lay west of the present coast line. Tholeiitic pillow lavas and breccias, as much as 20,000 feet thick, were erupted in places into the subsiding geosyncline during early to middle Eocene time and interfingered complexly with marine tuffaceous siltstone and sandstone. Uplift south of the geosyncline during middle Eocene time resulted in an influx of great quantities of arkosic sands which were swept generally northward along the axial part of the trough by turbidity currents. Concurrently, northeast of the geosyncline, a plutonic and metamorphic terrane supplied large quantities of arkosic detritus that accumulated on a broad coastal plain and intertongued westward with marine beds. In post-middle Eocene time broad uplifts and thick volcanic accumulations divided the geosyncline into several separate basins. These basins were the sites of deposition of as much as 15,000 feet of upper Eocene to Pliocene marine sandstone and siltstone and associated pyroclastic and epiclastic volcanic debris. Upper Eocene and middle Miocene basalt flows from local centers interfinger in places with this sequence. In western Oregon these Tertiary strata have been folded and faulted into structures that trend predominantly northeastward, parallel with the structure of the pre-Tertiary rocks of the Klamath Mountains. North of the Columbia River, the principal structures trend northwestward, approximately parallel with the structural grain of the pre-Tertiary rocks in northern Washington. This trend is interrupted by the more complex Olympic Mountains uplift. End_of_Article - Last_Page 280------------
An expert system approach to the design of application specific integrated circuits

The VLSI design problem was partitioned to different levels. The authors' objective was to develop an expert system to transform the behavioral descriptions (as given by the user or contractor) to the algorithmic state machine level (where data and control flow are defined). Such a step cuts the time needed by the designer using traditional tools. This phase was done experimentally on the IBM PC using SMALL TALK, a frame-based expert system shell. An example of such a system is shown for the problem of traffic light control. >
Solution NMR studies reveal no global flexibility in the catalytic domain of CDC25B.

The CDC25B phosphatase is a critical regulator of the cell cycle and has been validated as an important therapeutic target in cancer. Previous studies using molecular dynamics simulations have concluded that the catalytic domain of CDC25B may experience a significant degree of dynamics or be partially disordered in solution, a finding that has a pronounced impact on the structure-based development of CDC25B inhibitors. We have probed the backbone dynamics of the CDC25B catalytic domain in solution using NMR relaxation experiments and found that the core of the protein is relatively rigid and does not experience any large-scale dynamics over a broad range of time scales. Furthermore, based on RDC measurements we have concluded that the conformation in solution is very similar to that observed in the crystal form. Importantly, these findings rationalize the application of the CDC25B crystal structure in structure-based drug development.
Autonomy in information: pre-trial publicity, commercial media, and user generated content

When information is no longer scarce, what does this mean for a legal system? Will this effectively eliminate the possibility of an unbiased juror in the United States? This article will look at the history of pre-trial publicity cases and the impending effect of rapidly increasing technological outlets. I argue that greater media availability will not necessarily increase the biases of potential jurors. Instead, adopting the main argument from Yochai Benkler's, The Wealth of Networks , I posit that non-traditional, user-generated content UGC can solve a failure in the conventional mass media market. Looking at the sharing of information as an iterated game, I contend that non-commercial UGC creation is free from constraints imposed on for profit media. Paradoxically, it is this unorganized and unprofessional publicity that can remedy defects in the professional media market. Non-commercial media is more autonomous, allowing the coverage of opinions and viewpoints mainstream media outlets commonly fail to address. As these non-commercial firms successfully fill holes in traditional media reporting, new outlets will be encouraged to enter the market.
Words and Sentences Over Time: How Facts Are Built and Sustained in a Specialty Area

This article uses computerized analysis of text, along with a close reading of text, to trace change and development in Burkitt's lymphoma research. While past researchers have focused on the way a text enters the literature, we wish to learn what happens to knowledge claims after they arrive in the published literature. In order to explain why some claims are successfully solidified into facts while others remain as isolated, unsupported claims, we rely upon the notion of the material and social technology required to do successful work in a research area
Synthesis of High Aspect Ratio BaTiO3 Nanowires for High Energy Density Nanocomposite Capacitors

High energy density capacitors are critically important in advanced electronic devices and power systems since they can reduce the weight, size and cost required to meet a desired application. Nanocomposites hold strong potential for increasing the performance of high power energy sources; however, the energy density of most nanocomposites is still low compared to commercial capacitors and neat polymers. Here, we develop a new synthesis method for the growth of high aspect ratio barium titanate nanowires (BaTiO3) nanowires (NWs) with high yield. High energy density nanocomposite capacitors are fabricated using surface-functionalized high aspect ratio BaTiO3 NWs in a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)) matrix. At a 17.5% volume fraction, the nanocomposites show more than 45.3% increase in energy density above that of the pure P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) polymer (10.48 J/cc compared to 7.21 J/cc) at electric field 300 MV/m. This value is significant and exceeds those reported for the conventional polymer-ceramic nanocomposites; it is also more than seven times larger than high performance commercial polypropylene capacitor (1.2 J/cc at 640 MV/m). In addition, our nanocomposite capacitor has a maximum power density as high as 1.2 MW/cc occurring only 1.52 μs after the start of discharge. The findings of this research could lead to enhanced interest in nanowires based nanocomposites due to their potential for achieving next generation energy storage devices.
GCP6 Binds to Intermediate Filaments: A Novel Function of Keratins in the Organization of Microtubules in Epithelial Cells

In simple epithelial cells, attachment of microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) to intermediate filaments (IFs) enables their localization to the apical domain. It is released by cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)1 phosphorylation. Here, we identified a component of the γ-tubulin ring complex, γ-tubulin complex protein (GCP)6, as a keratin partner in yeast two-hybrid assays. This was validated by binding in vitro of both purified full-length HIS-tagged GCP6 and a GCP6(1397-1819) fragment to keratins, and pull-down with native IFs. Keratin binding was blocked by Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of GCP6. GCP6 was apical in normal enterocytes but diffuse in K8-null cells. GCP6 knockdown with short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in CACO-2 cells resulted in γ-tubulin signal scattered throughout the cytoplasm, microtubules (MTs) in the perinuclear and basal regions, and microtubule-nucleating activity localized deep in the cytoplasm. Expression of a small fragment GCP6(1397-1513) that competes binding to keratins in vitro displaced γ-tubulin from the cytoskeleton and resulted in depolarization of γ-tubulin and changes in the distribution of microtubules and microtubule nucleation sites. Expression of a full-length S1397D mutant in the Cdk1 phosphorylation site delocalized centrosomes. We conclude that GCP6 participates in the attachment of MTOCs to IFs in epithelial cells and is among the factors that determine the peculiar architecture of microtubules in polarized epithelia.
Tailhook and the Construction of Sexual Harassment in the Media “Rowdy Navy Boys” and Women Who Made a Difference

By examining the reporting of the Tailhook incident in the mainstream media, from the event itself through the conclusion of military and congressional debates about its meaning 5 years later, this article demonstrates that the media construct representations that are in accordance with the dominant gender ideology. The military's interpretation of Tailhook—“boys will be boys” with “party girls”—was contested by the women who were harassed and assaulted. Although the military's cover-up of the incident was interrupted by the intervention of powerful women in the Senate, media coverage reinforced the dominant view of sexual harassment.
Über den Vergleich von Texten. Philosophische Reflexionen zu der grundlegenden Operation der literaturwissenschaftlichen Komparatistik

Der Aufsatz bietet eine Klassifikation der verschiedenen Typen von Vergleich, die die Komparatistik und andere Geisteswissenschaften verwenden. Er unterscheidet zwischen typologischer und genetischer Ahnlichkeit; die letzte bedeutet kausalen Einflus– direkten oder indirekten – bzw. Abstammung von einer gemeinsamen Quelle. Er unterscheidet ferner zwischen produktionsasthetisch relevantem Einflus und Bezugnahmen auf andere Kunstwerke, die in das Werk selber integriert sind; nur letzteres sollte ,,Intertextualitat” genannt werden, die in explizite, offene und diskrete Intertextualitat eingeteilt wird. Schlieslich werden einige Kriterien vorgeschlagen, um festzustellen, ob Ahnlichkeiten zwischen literarischen Texten auf Einflus zuruckgehen – Kriterien, die im Falle literarischer Texte von denen fur wissenschaftliche Texte abweichen.
Receding horizon temporal logic control in dynamic environments

We present a receding horizon method for controlling an autonomous vehicle that must satisfy a rich mission specification over service requests occurring at the regions of a partitioned environment. The overall mission specification consists of a temporal logic statement over a set of static, a priori known requests, a regular expression over a set of dynamic requests that can be sensed only locally, and a servicing priority order over these dynamic requests. Our approach is based on two main steps. First, we construct an abstraction for the motion of the vehicle in the environment by using input-output linearization and assignment of vector fields to the regions in the partition. Second, a receding horizon controller computes local plans within the sensing range of the vehicle such that both local and global mission specifications are satisfied. We implement and evaluate our method through experiments and simulations consisting of a quadrotor performing a persistent surveillance task over a planar grid environment.
Whole-Genome Expression Plasticity across Tropical and Temperate Drosophila melanogaster Populations from Eastern Australia

The genotypic signature of spatially varying selection is ubiquitous across the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Spatially structured adaptive phenotypic differences are also commonly found, particularly along New World and Australian latitudinal gradients. However, investigation of gene expression variation in one or multiple environments across these well-studied populations is surprisingly limited. Here, we report genome-wide transcript levels of tropical and temperate eastern Australian populations reared at two temperatures. As expected, a large number of genes exhibit geographic origin-dependent expression plasticity. Less expected was evidence for an enrichment of down-regulated genes in both temperate and tropical populations when lines were reared at the temperature less commonly encountered in the native range; that is, evidence for significant differences in a ‘‘directionality’’ of plasticity across these two climatic regions. We also report evidence of small scale ‘‘neighborhood effects’’ around those genes significant for geographic origin-dependent plasticity, a result consistent with the evolution of high level, likely chromatin based gene regulation during range expansion in D. melanogaster populations.
Alternative approaches for low temperature front surface passivation of interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction solar cell

In this work, we investigated two alternative approaches for the front surface passivation of interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cells: (1) with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PEVCD) a-Si-based stack structure consisting of a-Si:H/a-SiN x :H/a-SiC:H, and (2) with physical vapor deposited (PVD) zinc sulfide (ZnS) film. The processing temperatures for both the approaches are under 300°C. Effective surface recombination velocities (SRV) of < 6.2cm/s and < 35cm/s are obtained with stack structure and ZnS respectively on n-type float zone (FZ) crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers. The anti-reflection (AR) properties of these two passivation approaches are studied and the optimization procedure of the stack structure was discussed and shown to improve the photo-generated current. The IBC-SHJ solar cells were fabricated using both the front surface passivation approaches and a 15% cell efficiency was achieved on 150µm thick FZ c-Si wafer without surface texturing and optical optimization.
Cross-validation under separate sampling: strong bias and how to correct it.

Motivation: It is commonly assumed in pattern recognition that cross-validation error estimation is ‘almost unbiased’ as long as the number of folds is not too small. While this is true for random sampling, it is not true with separate sampling, where the populations are independently sampled, which is a common situation in bioinformatics. Results: We demonstrate, via analytical and numerical methods, that classical cross-validation can have strong bias under separate sampling, depending on the difference between the sampling ratios and the true population probabilities. We propose a new separate-sampling cross-validation error estimator, and prove that it satisfies an ‘almost unbiased’ theorem similar to that of random-sampling cross-validation. We present two case studies with previously published data, which show that the results can change drastically if the correct form of cross-validation is used. Availability and implementation: The source code in C++, along with the Supplementary Materials, is available at: http://gsp.tamu.edu/Publications/supplementary/zollanvari13/. Contact: ude.umat.ece@sessilu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.