cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Surgery for Prostatic Hypertrophy

The purpose of this case-control study was to evaluate potential risk factors for prostatic hypertrophy. The cases were 910 residents of Rhode Island who had a partial or total prostatectomy that was not related to cancer in the years 1985-1987. The controls were 2,003 members of the source population who were selected from a list of holders of Rhode Island driver's licenses or a roster of older Americans compiled by the Health Care Financing Administration. Cases and controls were interviewed by telephone. The risk of prostatic hypertrophy was elevated in Jewish men compared with Protestants and Catholics and in blacks compared with whites. Risk was reduced in ever-married compared with never-married men, in men who had left school at age 16 years or more compared with those who had left earlier, and in relatively tall or relatively heavy men. Coffee drinking and cigarette smoking were inversely but only weakly related to prostatic hypertrophy. There was a relatively strong, although irregular, inverse relation of beer drinking to prostatic hypertrophy. The associations of spirits and wine consumption with prostatic hypertrophy were weak.
Reconsidering the Sentencing Commission's Treatment of Tribal Courts

The United States Sentencing Guidelines treat convictions from tribal courts with little respect in determining a defendant's criminal history for purposes of federal sentencing. Unlike state and federal sentences, tribal court convictions are not routinely counted in evaluating criminal history. Because a tribal conviction reflects the normative judgment of the defendant's own community, such a conviction ought to be considered far more legitimate as a normative matter than a federal or state conviction. Therefore, it ought to be treated with at least as much status as a state and federal conviction. The Guidelines currently treat tribal courts like foreign courts. While this may seem, at first glance, to reflect respect for the unique sovereign status of Indian tribes, it actually seems to mask discrimination against tribal courts and it fails to appreciate the important place of tribal courts in American justice. Tribal courts have federally recognized criminal jurisdiction on American soil and they work hand-in-hand with federal and sometimes state authorities to exercise this authority. Tribes are simply more similar to state and federal courts than to foreign courts. True, the Constitution's Bill of Rights does not apply directly to Indian tribes, as the Supreme Court has held, because tribes predate the Constitution and are not parties to the constitutional compact. Nevertheless, other federal laws require tribal courts to function in a manner nearly identical to state and federal courts and require tribal courts to incorporate most of the individual rights protections found in the Bill of Rights. Given the inherent clash between American-style individual rights and traditional tribal communal values, the federally mandated respect for individual rights no doubt comes at great cost to tribal sovereignty and prevents tribal courts from acting as they might wish in certain cases. But since tribal courts must bear the burdens of behaving like other American courts, they are entitled to the same recognition and respect for their work that these other courts receive. The United States Sentencing Commission should take a lesson from the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches of the federal government and even from other independent federal regulatory agencies. Most of these actors have embraced policies favoring tribal self-determination that show great respect for tribal governments and their courts. The Commission should amend the guidelines to grant appropriate respect to tribal courts. This article is followed in the Federal Sentencing Reporter with brief comments by a federal court of appeals judge, two federal district court judges, and a federal public defender.
The Role of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Infectious Disease: History, Criteria, and State of the Art

Observations made on children with genetic deficiencies of their immune system reveal that those lacking the capacity to make antibodies nevertheless handle most viral infections as well as normal individuals do. Such a- or hypogammaglobulinemic children are often susceptible to bacterial infections. Conversely, children with genetic deficiencies in their ability to mount cell-mediated immune responses or those who acquire diseases of lymphoid tissues later in life are often susceptible to a range of viral infections (reviewed in Good 1991; Riches 1992).
Strain and Sex Differences in the Cardiopulmonary Adaptation of Rats to High Altitude

On chronic exposure to hypoxia, the commercially available Hilltop (H) strain of male Sprague-Dawley rats develops severe pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and polycythemia. These signs of chronic mountain sickness are associated with a high mortality rate. In contrast, the Madison (M) strain of Sprague-Dawley rats remains healthy with significantly less severe cardiopulmonary and hematological responses. Breeding experiments under locally controlled conditions were undertaken to determine if the differences between the two strains were genetically determined and to look for possible sex differences. Following 30 to 50 days exposure to a simulated altitude of 18,000 ft, the first generation of male H rats exhibited a higher right ventricular peak systolic pressure (RVPP), a more pronounced RVH, and a greater degree of polycythemia than the male M rats. The H rats had a mortality rate of 40% in contrast to a rate of 0% in the male M rats. The first generation of female H rats also developed a higher RVPP, a greater RVH, and more severe polycythemia than that in the female M rats. There were no differences in RVPP or RVH between the males and females of either strain. Females of both strains tolerated the hypoxic exposure with a 0% mortality rate. The data suggest that the differences between the males of H and M strains in their cardiopulmonary and hematological responses and in their susceptibilities to chronic hypoxia are genetic in nature. They further suggest that the female resistance to hypoxia is not due to milder cardiopulmonary responses. Perhaps female rats tolerate RVH better than male rats, at least of the H strain.
Structural Effects in the Initial Stages of Epitaxy

Structural effects of sub-monolayer epitaxial films are described by the pair correlation function of surface atoms. We have developed a new scheme to evaluate this atomic pair correlation function analytically and exactly for the combined overlayer and substrate system during the first stages of epitaxy. We employ this correlation function to calculate electron diffraction profiles from model surfaces and compare these calculations to recent LEED measurements of Si/Si(111) and W/W(110) epitaxy.
Are IMF lending programs good or bad for democracy

Have IMF lending programs undermined political democracy in borrowing countries? Building on the extensive literature on conditional lending, we outline several pathways through which IMF program participation might affect the levels of democracy in borrowing countries - including a new variant that suggests the possibility of a positive association between lending program participation and democracy scores. In order to test the argument we assemble annual data from 120 low- and middle-income countries observed (at maximum) in each year between 1971 and 2007. We use three strategies - genetic matching, instrumental variables, and difference-in-differences estimation - to better estimate the direction and size of the statistical association between participation in IMF lending programs and the level of democracy. We find evidence for modest but definitively positive conditional differences in the democracy scores of participating and non-participating countries.
Determination of Limonene and Eugenol in Soft Capsules of Health Food by GC/MS

Objective To establish a method for the determination of limonene and eugenol in the soft capsules of health food by GC/MS.Methods After samples were dissolved and diluted with n-hexane,the test solution was directly analyzed by GC/MS.Limonene and eugenol were separated on an HP-5MS UI quartz capillary column and identified and quantified by a GC-MS system.Results Good linearity was obtained within the concentration range of 25-500 μg/ml with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999 0 and 0.997 4 for limonene and eugenol,respectively.Samples were spiked with standard at low and high levels,the mean recoveries were 96.7% and 99.9% for limonene and 103% and 92.7% for eugenol,respectively.The detection limits of limonene and eugenol were 0.25g/100 g and 0.35g/100 g respectively.Conclusion The method is simple and rapid with accurate and reliable results and it is applicable for the determination of limonene and eugenol in the soft capsules of health food.
Visualizing diffusion tensor images of the mouse spinal cord

Within biological systems, water molecules undergo continuous stochastic Brownian motion. The diffusion rate can give clues to the structure of the underlying tissues. In some tissues, the rate is anisotropic. Diffusion-rate images can be calculated from diffusion-weighted MRI. A 2D diffusion tensor image (DTI) and an associated anatomical scalar field define seven values at each spatial location. We present two new methods for visually representing DTIs. The first method displays an array of ellipsoids, where the shape of each ellipsoid represents one tensor value. The ellipsoids are all normalized to approximately the same size so that they can be displayed simultaneously in context. The second method uses concepts from oil painting to represent the seven-valued data with multiple layers of varying brush strokes. Both methods successfully display most or all of the information in DTIs and provide exploratory methods for understanding them. The ellipsoid method has a simpler interpretation and explanation than the painting-motivated method; the painting-motivated method displays more of the information and is easier to read quantatively. We demonstrate the methods on images of the mouse spinal cord. The visualizations show significant differences between spinal cords from mice suffering from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and spinal cords from wild-type mice. The differences are consistent with differences shown histologically and suggest that our new non-invasive imaging methodology and visualization of the results could have early diagnostic value for neurodegenerative diseases.
Parallel solutions of inverse multiple scattering problems with born-type fast solvers

We report parallel solutions of inverse multiple scattering problems with the Born iterative method (BIM) and the distorted Born iterative method (DBIM). The large computational costs of the Born solvers are reduced using the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). Furthermore, the solutions are obtained on supercomputing environments via parallelization of the Born solvers. This is achieved by two ways; the first way is to distribute independent scattering solutions within the Born iterations among parallel processes, and the latter is to parallelize MLFMA solver itself. We propose following both of the ways for efficient utilization of large computational resources. Parallelization of several scenarios are considered, including the cases where we have full-angle reconstruction at a single frequency and limited-angle reconstruction at multiple frequencies. These cases appear in typical applications of inverse scattering methods and results show that the parallelization scheme can obtain solutions with more than a thousand time speedup. This paper reports solutions involving medium-size scatterers on 128 computing nodes which are the largest-scale inversions so far according to our knowledge. Additional to the synthetic solutions, reconstruction of a real object with ultrasonic waves is demonstrated, along with pre-processing and calibration procedures of the measurement data.
Managing Communicative Intentions with Collaborative Problem Solving

Dialogue systems need to be able to understand a user’s communicative intentions, reason with those intentions, form their own communicative intentions, and realize those intentions with actual language to be uttered to the user. Oftentimes in dialogue systems, however, what these communicative intentions actually correspond to is never clearly defined. We propose a descriptive model of dialogue, based on collaborative problem solving, which defines communicative intentions as attempts to modify a shared collaborative problem-solving state between the user and system. Modeling dialogue at the level of collaborative problem solving allows us to model a wider array of dialogue types than previous models, including the range of collaboration paradigms (master-slave to mixedinitiative) and interaction types (planning, execution, and interleaved planning and execution). It also provides a definition for utterance-level communicative intentions for use within a dialogue system.
Arieh Singer (1934–2010)

Dr. Arieh Singer passed away on March 26, 2010, in Israel after being diagnosed with lung cancer only 4 months before. He was born May 14, 1934, and was happily married for 39 years. He is survived by his wife, two daughters, one son, and four grandchildren. Arieh Singer obtained both M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel, and served on the faculty there throughout …
RSV in adult ED patients: Do emergency providers consider RSV as an admission diagnosis?

Abstract Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) has been recognized for over half a century as a cause of morbidity in infants and children. Over the past 20 years, data has emerged linking RSV as a cause of illness in adults resulting in 177,000 annual hospitalizations and up to 14,000 deaths among older adults. Objective Characterize clinical variables in a cohort of adult RSV patients. We hypothesize that emergency physicians do not routinely consider RSV in the differential diagnosis (DDx) of influenza like illness. Methods Observational study of all adult inpatients, age ≥ 19, with a positive RSV swab ordered within 48 h of their hospital visit, including their emergency department (ED) visit, and who initially presented to a university affiliated urban 100,000 annual visit emergency department from 2007 to 2014. A data collection form was created, and a single trained clinical research assistant abstracted demographic, clinical variables. ED providers were given credit for RSV DDx if an RSV swab was ordered as part of the diagnostic ED workup. Results: 295 consecutive inpatients (mean age = 66.5 years, range, 19–97, 53% male) were RSV positive during the 7-year study period. 207 cases (70%) were age ≥ 60. 76 (26%) had fever, 86 (29%) had O2sat Conclusion Adults can harbor RSV as this can lead to significant mobility and mortality, especially in individuals who are over the age of 60. RSV is not being considered in the DDx diagnosis, and this was especially surprising in the transplant/immunocompromised subgroups. Given antiviral treatment options, educational efforts should be undertaken to raise awareness of RSV in adults.
Accuracy and safety of dry needle placement in the piriformis muscle in cadavers

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this anatomic investigation is to (1) establish accuracy of dry needle placement into the medial third of the piriformis muscle as it exits the pelvis from the gr...
Heredity and Mental Disorders

In this book we shall be reviewing the evidence for hereditary factors in behavior disorders in adults and children. These will include both the very serious ones, such as schizophrenia, and milder ones, such as stuttering. The importance of mental health can hardly be overemphasized. At a meeting of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Trade of the House of Representatives in 1953, when the problem of mental illness first became a high priority issue in national government, the following remarks were made: Mental illness is the nation’s No. 1 health problem. More than half of all hospital beds in this country are occupied by the mentally ill. The number of mentally ill patients in the United States exceeds the number of patients suffering from any other type of illness. Mental ill health represents our greatest health problem in cost. Conservative estimates based on incidence studies have shown that approximately 50% of patients who are treated in general practice have psychiatric complications. If the present birth rate remains constant, if the number of mentally ill who are hospitalized remains constant, and if the cost for hospitalizing the mentally ill remains constant, each year’s crop of new babies will, because of the percentage of them who will go to mental hospitals, cost the taxpayers ...$800 million before they die. 2. At least 6% of the total population, 9,000,000 people, suffer from a serious mental disorder. Of 980,000 disability discharges from the Army during the period December 1941 through December 1945, 43% were for neuropsychiatrie reasons. 3. Of the 500,000 resident patients in our State mental hospitals, one-quarter have been hospitalized for more than 16 years, one-half for more than 8 years, and three-fourths for more than 2.5 years. (Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 1953, pp. 1030–1134)
The Making of Pentecostal Zambia: A Brief History of Pneumatic Spirituality

While Zambian pentecostalism existed since early 1950s, if not earlier, the movement only started making its presence felt from late 1980s. The declaration of Zambia as Christian Nation toward the end of 1991 by President Fredrick Chiluba functioned as a catalysis and an epochal moment acceleration in pentecostal explosion in the country. This paper seeks to explore the ecclesiastical and theological transformations that have taken place within Zambian pentecostalism and also demonstrate the factors that helped create an atmosphere wherein increasing numbers of Zambians embracing this kind of spirituality.
Retinal effects of ultrashort laser pulses in the rabbit eye.

Purpose. To evaluate the effects of ultrashort laser pulses from femtoseconds to nanoseconds on the retinas of live rabbit eyes and to determine the energy requirements for visible lesion development. Methods. The retinal effects of laser exposures were examined for laser exposures with pulsewidths ranging from 4 ns to 90 fs, with visible wavelengths of 532 nm for durations >5 ps and 580 nm for durations <5 ps. The authors examined and scored all laser impact sites in the retina ophthalmoscopically—with fundus photography and with fluorescein angiography—to identify evidence of visible laser effects. Results. The laser energy required for retinal minimal visible lesions was found to be slighdy less for pulsewidths <5 ps and varied from 5 /xj at 4 ns to 1.1 ii] at 90 fs for the 1-hour ophthalmoscopic reading. Lesions from higher energy pulses (7 to 120 //J) were examined at all pulsewidths. For 90-fs high-energy pulse delivery, an increased intensity of retinal lesions and the development of several subretinal hemorrhages were demonstrated at peak energies of 30 fxj. Fluorescein angiography was found to be much more sensitive as an indicator of retinal damage for both femtosecond pulsewidths. Conclusions. The low energies required for visible lesion production in live rabbit eyes raise new questions surrounding ultrashort pulse propagation in ocular media, energy deposition at the retina, and mechanisms limiting retinal damage from ultrashort laser pulses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:191O-1917.
STATIN EXPOSURE DURING THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH FETAL VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS

The rise in cardiovascular risk factors in young people has led to an increasing number of young women being treated with statin therapy. The purpose of this study is to examine the risk of fetal congenital cardiac anomalies in association with first trimester statin exposure. This is a
Community pharmacies as access points for addiction treatment.

Abstract Background There is growing interest in utilizing community pharmacies to support opioid abuse prevention and addiction treatment efforts. However, it is unknown whether the placement of community pharmacies is conducive to taking on such a role. Objective To examine the distribution of community pharmacies in Wisconsin and its relationship with the location of addiction treatment facilities and opioid-related overdose events in rural and urban areas. Methods The total number of opioid-related overdose deaths and crude death rates per 100,000 population were determined for each county in Wisconsin. Substance abuse treatment facilities were identified in each county to estimate access to formal addiction treatment. A list of pharmacies in the state was screened to identify community pharmacies in each county. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe the distribution of and relationships between county-level opioid-related overdose death rates and the number of treatment facilities and community pharmacies in the state. Results Wisconsin has 72 counties, of which 45 (62.5%) are classified as rural. Although the number of opioid-related overdose deaths was highly concentrated in urban areas, crude death rates per 100,000 population were similar in urban and rural areas. Rural counties were significantly less likely to have formal substance abuse treatment facilities (r = −.42, P = .00) or community pharmacies (r = −.44, P = .00) compared to urban counties. However, community pharmacies were more prevalent and more likely to be located in rural counties with higher rates of opioid-related overdose deaths than substance abuse treatment facilities. All but 1 of the 14 counties without a formal substance abuse treatment facility had access to 1 or more community pharmacies. Conclusions Community pharmacies are ideally located in areas that could be used to support medication-assisted addiction treatment efforts, particularly in rural areas lacking formal substance abuse treatment facilities.
Why and How do Ethnic Groups Mobilize? Institutional Causes of Ethnic Mobilization Patterns in Comparative Perspective

This study proposes a theoretical framework to answer the questions why do some ethnic groups mobilize in more violent ways than others; and why do some ethnic groups pursue integration while others pursue separatist goals or greater autonomy? I argue that a state’s ethnic incorporation models shape both how ethnic groups mobilize (peaceful or violent methods) and why they mobilize (pro-integration/centripetal or anti-integration/centrifugal aims). These factors in turn influence the degree of stability of a regime. It suggests states can, and often do, implement different ethnic incorporation policies on different ethnic groups ranging from individual-level (civic assimilationism) to group-level (consociationalism), both individual and group levels (liberal multiculturalism), and neither individual nor group level (ethnic nationalism) inclusion. The effects of these incorporation models on ethnic mobilization are mediated by the pre-existing mobilization levels of ethnic groups. The arguments are tested based on the Minorities at Risk Dataset and with the case studies of Kurds in Turkey and Turks in Cyprus.
A Psychological Model of Panic

As late as five years ago the topic of this chapter would have been a psychological model of anxiety. However, research has now progressed to the point where it is very difficult to talk of a psychological model of anxiety as if anxiety were a unitary phenomenon. Evidence is increasing that a large proportion of patients presenting with anxiety symptoms suffer from panic attacks. These panic attacks may represent a qualitatively different type of anxiety than the more generalized anxiety with which we are all familiar. And yet, we know very little about the phenomenon of panic.
Dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster triploids. I. Autoradiographic study.

In order to determine the presence or absence of dosage compensation in triploid intersexes (2X3A) relative to triploid females (3X3A), the rate of RNA synthesis in a segment of the X chromosomes was indirectly measured by autoradiography. Using an autosomal segment as basis for comparison it was found that, over all, there is a tendency toward equalization of the relative activity of X chromosomes in 2X3A and 3X3A individuals. When one allows for differences in selfabsorption of beta particles, it is apparent that the phenomenon of dosage compensation is incomplete. It is suggested that the present as well as other instances of dosage compensation in Drosophila can be explained if it is assumed that the rate limiting element in the transcriptional process is not the X-chromosome DNA template but a factor(s) originating elsewhere in the genome whose presence is necessary for the expression of a given sex-linked gene. Other hypotheses of dosage compensation are discussed.
Melissa N. Mallon. The Pivotal Role of Academic Librarians in Digital Learning . Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, 2018. 150p. Paper. $50.00 (ISBN: 978-1-4408-5217-6). LC Z675.U5 M327.

The Pivotal Role of Academic Librarians in Digital Learning contains a collection of chapters that relate to the instruction of digital literacy and information literacy in the digital age. Since the digital landscape changes rapidly, it is important to have current information on this topic. Chapter 1 provides an overview of what instruction librarians do. The account of curriculum mapping is particularly useful. Chapter 2 discusses the particular library instruction needs of professional programs in universities. Chapter 3 is the core of the book, describing what digital literacy is and what is needed by students who live in the digital age. Chapter 4 explores library pedagogical techniques in the online learning environment. Chapter 5 outlines library instructional assessment; several good ideas for assignments to gauge student learning are offered. Chapter 6 covers information literacy instruction in general education courses in which students are introduced to college-level information literacy. Chapter 7 discusses combining self-directed and collaborative learning in library instruction. Chapter 8 wraps the book up by relating information literacy instruction to the overarching goals of a university. The author also offers a brief, unnumbered conclusion to finish the book.
Above and Beyond, Again and Again: A Model of OCB, Motive Fulfillment, and Feedback

In this 3 wave longitudinal study of employees in a service organization, we examined the relatively unexplored area of the individual consequences of OCB to investigate how such behavior is encour...
A Transdiagnostic Examination of Self-Regulation: Comparisons Across Preschoolers with ASD, ADHD, and Typically Developing Children.

The purpose of the current study was to identify profiles of self-regulation across executive functioning (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) and examine profiles’s impact on treatment outcomes. Parti...
Depth of organ response in AL amyloidosis is associated with improved survival: new proposed organ response criteria

Organ recovery following anti-plasma cell therapy is associated with an improved outcome in patients with AL amyloidosis. However, unlike hematological response criteria, current organ response cri...
Photothermal Radiometry and Modulated Luminescence: The Canary System

The Canary System™ is a nonionizing caries detection procedure to aid detecting, quantifying, monitoring, and recording changes in structure of tooth tissues. It investigates the status of the crystal structure of the tooth tissue by using Photothermal Radiometry and Luminescence (PTR-LUM) technology that measures converted heat (PTR) and light (luminescence or LUM) signatures emitted from the tooth surface when a pulsed laser is shone on the tooth. A Canary Number, created from an algorithm combining the four signals measured by the system, is directly linked to the status of the tooth crystal structure. As an aid to the conventional visual and radiographic assessment of the teeth, PTR-LUM can be used to perform the following functions as a second step in the lesion detection and monitoring process: (1) investigate suspect sites for “hidden caries” in pits/fissures, proximal surfaces, underneath and around restorations, beneath sealants, and clear resin infiltrants; (2) obtain the estimate of the severity of the caries lesion in terms of depth and breadth, as Canary Number, to facilitate treatment decision; (3) measure and record the initial quantitative value of the demineralization, as Canary Number; (4) enable quantitative monitoring of changes in lesion activities (progress or remineralization) over time during nonoperative management; (5) help detect and measures cracks and erosion in teeth; and (6) use the integrated intra-oral camera to capture the image of the examined surface/lesion for future reference with Canary Numbers on the images. Data is stored on The Canary Cloud for ongoing monitoring and analysis. Full description of The Canary System and the technique of using it in practice for clinical detection and monitoring of caries are given in this chapter.
A Critical Physical Geography of Landscape Changes in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, 1950s–2005

The story of land use and cover change in Sulawesi, an island ecosystem in the eastern reaches of Indonesia, has primarily been told with reference to smallholder cacao expansion into lowland forests from the late 1970s onwards. Inspired by emerging research conversations in the field of Critical Physical Geography, this chapter reconstructs the historical land and livelihood transformations in Southeast Sulawesi province that pre-dated and conditioned the eventual shift into cacao. It also documents the localized politics of access to land that mediated uneven trajectories of landscape change and conversion both before and during cacao expansion. In addition to revising existing narratives of cacao boom, this case is used to discuss the role of ethnographic and archival data in supplementing remotely sensed data. Such integrations may be particularly important in island locales where an overemphasis on remotely sensed data and on mapping discrete land changes has often allowed for complex socio-spatial relations to be condensed into essentialized visions of nature and nativity.
Redo GPOEM for Refractory Gastroparesis: is it Feasible and Useful?

Per oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (GPOEM or POP) is relatively new endoscopic therapy for gastroparesis. Studies indicate that the short term and long term efficacy are promsing. However, some patients may have recurrence with nausea and vomiting again certain time after the index GPOEM. We present cases here with the short term outcome of second GPOEM. The result is promising. This is the first report of the outcome of second GPOEM and more patients are needed for further study.
Preserving Personality through a Pivot Language Low-Resource NMT of Ancient Languages

We investigate the effectiveness of neural machine translation in a low-resource setting, where particular attention is given to preserving the rhetorical style of a given persona. In particular, we attempt to complete Cicero’s translation of Timaeus, a text originally written by Plato in Attic Greek. Due to the scarcity of parallel Attic Greek and Classical Latin text, we use English as a pivot language. Finally, we explore how additional texts, which may help improve the accuracy of the model, affect the preservation of a particular persona (i.e. Socrates) through translation into the pivot language and subsequently the target language.
Why Dignity Rights Matter

Human dignity encapsulates the notion that every person has equal worth. This simple but profound concept has two elements. First, each person – every member of the human family – has value; no one can be dismissed, ignored, mistreated, or abused as if their humanity means nothing. Dignity means that each person’s humanity means something and has worth. Each person has a right to live as if his or her life matters and to be treated “as a person.” And second, each person’s worth is equal to every other person’s. No one’s life is more important than any other person’s. If each person’s right to agency, to self-development, to choose one’s life course is the same as every other’s, then no one can determine another person’s choices, treat another as an object, or treat a person as if his or her life does not matter. Despite our differences, in our humanity, we are all equal. It is in dignity that we are united.
Neoliberalism’s War on Higher Education: Henry A. Giroux, (2nd edition) (Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books, 2020, $19, 237 pp)

In this book Giroux details the devastation wreaked by neoliberalism on major social institutions. This masterful account focuses on the sustained attack on higher education which has occurred in t...
Los escombros de la grandeza: García Márquez o las fabulaciones de la demencia

This essay examines the role dementia plays in the constitution of the work of Gabriel Garcia Marquez through a close reading—scientific and literary—of episodes and characters in Cien anos de soledad, El otono de patriarca and El amor en los tiempos del colera. Not only are medical issues, and most notably dementia, thematic references in these novels, but they represent the essence of the narrative logic, strategies and techniques displayed by the Colombian author. Thus, a great deal of his writing, built with both medical criteria and poetic form, can be seen as an exercise of encrypting and fabulating dementia.
Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Multivessel Disease in Pregnancy

A 31 year old female with known history of coronary artery disease and percutaneous coronary intervention presented with acute coronary syndrome. Unknown that patient was pregnant she had inadvertent radiation exposure to the fetus during cardiac catheterization which showed triple vessel disease and severe left ventricular dysfunction. Patient subsequently underwent multivessel off pump coronary artery bypass surgery with intraaortic balloon pump support after declining the recommendation for abortion. Postoperative course was uneventful and patient subsequently delivered a full term healthy baby several months later.Off pump revascularization with its ability to maintain pulsatile perfusion to the fetus should be considered if technically feasible for severe coronary artery disease requiring surgery during pregnancy.
Autonomous detection and sampling of water types and fronts in a coastal upwelling system by an autonomous underwater vehicle

Coastal upwelling occurs under the combined effect of wind stress and Earth's rotation. The nutrients carried up by upwelling have great impact on primary production and fisheries. For using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to investigate complex coastal upwelling ecosystems, we have developed algorithms for an AUV to autonomously distinguish between upwelling and stratified water columns based on the vertical temperature difference between shallow and deep depths, and to accurately detect an upwelling front based on the horizontal gradient of the vertical temperature difference in the water column. During a June 2011 experiment in Monterey Bay, California, the Dorado AUV flew on a transect from an upwelling shadow region (stratified water column), through an upwelling front, and into an upwelling water column. Running our algorithms, the AUV successfully classified the three distinct water types, accurately located the narrow front, and acquired targeted water samples from the three water types. Molecular analysis of the AUV-acquired water samples shows that mussels, calanoid copepods, and podoplean copepods were most abundant in the upwelling shadow region and nonexistent in the upwelling water column. Calanoid copepods were moderately abundant in the water samples collected from the upwelling front. These results are largely consistent with previous findings from zooplankton population surveys conducted with the Dorado AUV in Monterey Bay in 2009. The novel detecting and targeted sampling capabilities permit an AUV to autonomously conduct “surgical sampling” of a complex marine ecosystem.
Black Politicians Are More Intrinsically Motivated to Advance Blacks’ Interests: A Field Experiment Manipulating Political Incentives

Author(s): Broockman, DE | Abstract: Why are politicians more likely to advance the interests of those of their race? I present a field experiment demonstrating that black politicians are more intrinsically motivated to advance blacks' interests than are their counterparts. Guided by elite interviews, I emailed 6,928 U.S. state legislators from a putatively black alias asking for help signing up for state unemployment benefits. Crucially, I varied the legislators' political incentive to respond by randomizing whether the sender purported to live within or far from each legislator's district. While nonblack legislators were markedly less likely to respond when their political incentives to do so were diminished, black legislators typically continued to respond even when doing so promised little political reward. Black legislators thus appear substantially more intrinsically motivated to advance blacks' interests. As political decision making is often difficult for voters to observe, intrinsically motivated descriptive representatives play a crucial role in advancing minorities' political interests. ©2013, Midwest Political Science Association.
The scientific challenge of measuring climate change

Abstract The measurement of global climate change poses grave difficulties for scientific enquiry and policy studies. Attention has so far focused on global warming and the concentration of greenhouse gases and a detailed examination has been made of the critical elements: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Priority has now shifted to the refining of general circulation models (GCMs) and to the hypothesis testing that they allow. A new challenge must be met: to formulate measurements of the climate consequences of burning fossil fuels, and to identify the burdens that nations must shoulder to retard the process of global climate change. The conclusion is that policy recommendations must be reached under varying conditions of scientific uncertainty; and that a range of contingent policy strategies should be opened to discussion.
Development and migration of protective CD8+ T cells into the nervous system following ocular herpes simplex virus-1 infection

After infection of epithelial surfaces, HSV-1 elicits a multifaceted antiviral response that controls the virus and limits it to latency in sensory ganglia. That response encompasses the CD8(+) T cells, whose precise role(s) is still being defined; immune surveillance in the ganglia and control of viral spread to the brain were proposed as the key roles. We tracked the kinetics of the CD8(+) T cell response across lymphoid and extralymphoid tissues after ocular infection. HSV-1-specific CD8(+) T cells first appeared in the draining (submandibular) lymph node on day 5 and were detectable in both nondraining lymphoid and extralymphoid tissues starting on day 6. However, although lymphoid organs contained both resting (CD43(low)CFSE(high)) and virus-specific cells at different stages of proliferation and activation, extralymphoid sites (eye, trigeminal ganglion, and brain) contained only activated cells that underwent more than eight proliferations (CD43(high)CFSE(neg)) and promptly secreted IFN-gamma upon contact with viral Ags. Regardless of the state of activation, these cells appeared too late to prevent HSV-1 spread, which was seen in the eye (from day 1), trigeminal ganglia (from day 2), and brain (from day 3) well before the onset of a detectable CD8(+) T cell response. However, CD8(+) T cells were critical in reducing viral replication starting on day 6 and for its abrogation between days 8 and 10; CD8-deficient animals failed to control the virus, exhibited persisting high viral titers in the brain after day 6, and died of viral encephalitis between days 7 and 12. Thus, CD8(+) T cells do not control HSV-1 spread from primary to tertiary tissues, but, rather, attack the virus in infected organs and control its replication in situ.
Agglutinin from Limulus polyphemus. Purification with formalinized horse erythrocytes as the affinity adsorbent.

Abstract We have purified an agglutinin from the hemolymph of Limulus polyphemus about 1500–3000-fold by adsorption to formalinized horse erythrocytes, elution with N-acetylneuraminic acid and subsequent fractionation on Sephadex G-200. Recovery was in the range of 50%. On ultracentrifugation the agglutinin behaves as an homogenous protein with a molecular weight of about 460 000. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the dissociated protein in sodium dodecylsulfate we found a single prominent diffuse band with an apparent molecular weight of 22 000 ± 2000. This band contained carbohydrate as determined by periodic acid-Schiff staining. The intensity of staining compared with standards suggested a carbohydrate content of less than 4%. The protein contains a preponderance of acidic amino acids and has an isoelectric point of 4.83.5 residues per 1000 of glucosamine were detected on amino acid analysis. Agglutination of formalinized horse erythrocytes by the purified protein is inhibited not only by N-acetylneuraminic acid but also by d -glucuronic acid; but not by a number of other monosaccharides. d -Glucuronic acid may be used in place of N-acetylneuraminic acid as the eluting sugar in the purification procedure.
Systems engineering for information fusion: Towards enterprise multi-level fusion integration

Advances in both low-level and high-level fusion continue to be made at an increasingly accelerated pace. With the value of Information Fusion now being recognized as applicable to several domain problems, comes the need to develop a systematic and cohesive approach to address the Enterprise Multi-Level Fusion Lifecycle. It is no longer sufficient to advance fragmented capabilities without formal processes with which to deploy them in an integrated fashion. While the importance of Systems Engineering has been previously addressed by the Fusion Community of Interest, advances in technology and in the way that systems are deployed, e.g., Service Oriented Architecture, Distributed Systems, Information Assurance, and Real-Time/Mobile applications, and especially the complexity of Systems-of-Systems which characterize Multi-Level Fusion, warrant a fresh look at developing a lock-step approach. This paper draws from real-world projects and explores how Systems Engineering can be leveraged to deploy Enterprise Multi-Level Fusion applications and bridge the integration gap between Lower-Level and Higher-Level capabilities that continues to challenge the Fusion community.
Biological vision models for sensor fusion

A general-purpose machine vision system for sensor fusion is described. The approach taken is to model biological vision with neural networks and traditional processing. The architecture has two channels. A locating channel searches for objects in the field-of-view. A classifying channel learns and recognizes the objects. Learning is by example. The architecture can fuse disparate sensory inputs, including one- and two-dimensional data, at the feature level. Fusion was tested by computer simulation. The sensor inputs were two-dimensional resolved images of vehicles from coregistered video intensity and laser radar range sensors. The study produced probability transition tables for three vehicles, with and without sensor fusion. Results suggest that fusing sensors in this way gives a robust, practical, and high-performance machine vision system. >
The functional significance of changes in activity of the enzymes, tryptophan pyrrolase and tyrosine transaminase, after induction in intact rats and in the isolated, perfused rat liver.

Abstract The possible functional significance of induction of the hepatic enzymes, tryptophan pyrrolase and tyrosine transaminase, has been studied in intact normal and adrenalectomized adult male rats and in the isolated perfused rat liver. In intact, normal rats, several-fold increases in tryptophan pyrrolase activity induced by treatment with hydrocortisone or tryptophan, or both, were associated with at most a 20% increase in the percentage dose of dl-tryptophan-3-14C converted to 14CO2. However, under conditions in which the activity of tryptophan pyrrolase did not increase further, for example, with increasing the tryptophan load from 17.5 to 35 mg, the conversion of labeled tryptophan to 14CO2 was substantially increased. In the adrenalectomized rat, hydrocortisone elicited a 6-fold increase in tryptophan pyrrolase activity without changing oxidation of a tracer dose of dl-tryptophan-3-14C to 14CO2. Although hydrocortisone added to the labeled tryptophan load led to a further 4-fold increase in tryptophan pyrrolase activity, no change in oxidation of tryptophan to 14CO2 was seen. In the adrenalectomized rat the percentage dose l-tyrosine-1-14C converted to 14CO2 increased substantially with a 10-mg or 30-mg load of l-tyrosine in spite of the fact that the level of hepatic tyrosine transaminase remains unchanged; in contrast, treatment with hydrocortisone leads to a 7- to 14-fold increase of enzyme activity, yet the increase in oxidation of l-tyrosine-1-14C to 14CO2 is trivial at several load levels. In the isolated perfused rat liver induction of tryptophan pyrrolase with hydrocortisone did not alter the rate of clearance of a graded load of l-tryptophan from the perfusate, did not enhance accumulation of kynurenine in the perfusate, and did not increase the rate of conversion of dl-tryptophan-3-14C to 14CO2. Thus, manifold increases in enzyme activity inducible in the intact or adrenalectomized rat and in the isolated perfused liver are not associated with parallel increases in oxidation of 14C-labeled amino acids to 14CO2. However, increasing the substrate load per se was associated with quantitatively large increases in oxidation to 14CO2 under conditions not associated with altered levels of enzyme activity.
Evaluation of the undersea habitats - Tektite II, Hydro-Lab, and Edalhab - for scientific saturation diving programs

1. The assessment of three undersea habitats — Tektite, Hydro-Lab and Edalhab — is based primarily upon the experience of the authors during a total of 62 man-days under saturation diving conditions while conducting biological research programs. 2. A number of desirable and undesirable features were found in each habitat system; none of the individual systems included all of the desirable features. 3. The paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of various features of the habitats including work and living areas, support equipment and techniques, operations and safety. The authors offer their experiences and suggestions to contribute to improvement of habitats and undersea diving operations.