cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the accuracy of digital model analysis for the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system for dental casts.

Introduction: In 1999, after 3 years of field testing, the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) implemented a grading system for posttreatment orthodontic models and panoramic radiographs, to make the phase III examination both fair and objective. In the ABO’s objective grading system, 7 occlusal criteria (tooth alignment, vertical positioning of marginal ridges, buccolingual inclination of posterior teeth, occlusal relationship, occlusal contacts, overjet, and interproximal contacts) are measured on plaster models to assess a patient’s final occlusion. To date, no study has evaluated the ABO grading system for use on digital models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether digital models can be used with reasonable accuracy and reliability for assessing patients’ final occlusions. Methods: Plaster and digital (OrthoCAD, Cadent Inc, Carlstadt, NJ) posttreatment models of 24 patients were gathered from the postgraduate orthodontic clinic at Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery. The plaster models were scored by using the ABO measuring gauge and the 7 criteria of the ABO grading system. A second analysis was done on the digital models. To determine interexaminer error, a fourth-year dental student at Columbia University served as a second examiner and repeated all the analyses. Results: The means of the total score and those for marginal ridges, occlusal contacts, occlusal relationships, overjet, and interproximal contacts were not significantly different between plaster and digital models. However, the means for alignment and buccolingual inclination were significantly different. In addition, the scorings of 2 examiners differed for the 2 methods. Conclusions: This finding suggests that alignment and buccolingual inclination should be reevaluated with both methods, and adequate calibration of the examiners is essential to achieve repeatability in both methods. Digital models might be acceptable for use in the ABO model examination.
Effects of spatiotemporal stimulus properties on spike timing correlations in owl monkey primary somatosensory cortex.

The correlated discharges of cortical neurons in primary somatosensory cortex are a potential source of information about somatosensory stimuli. One aspect of neuronal correlations that has not bee...
Characterization of nanoporous materials from adsorption and desorption isotherms

Abstract We present a consistent method for calculation of pore size distributions in nanoporous materials from adsorption and desorption isotherms, which form the hysteresis loop H1 by the IUPAC classification. The method is based on the nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) of capillary condensation hysteresis in cylindrical pores. It is implemented for the nitrogen and argon sorption at their boiling temperatures. Using examples of MCM-41 type and SBA-15 siliceous materials, it is shown that the method gives the consonant pore size distributions calculated independently from the adsorption and desorption branches of the sorption isotherm. The pore size distributions, pore volumes and specific surface areas calculated from nitrogen and argon data are consistent. In the case of SBA-15 materials, the method evaluates also the amount of microporosity. The results of the NLDFT method are in agreement with independent estimates of pore sizes in regular nanoporous materials.
Convective Generation of Gravity Waves in Venus's Atmosphere: Gravity Wave Spectrum and Momentum Transport

The emission of internal gravity waves from a layer of dry convection embedded within a stable atmosphere with static stability and zonal winds varying in height is calculated. This theory is applied to Venus to investigate whether these waves can help support the westward maximum of angular momentum of Venus's middle atmosphere. The emission mechanism is similar to that suggested for driving the gravity modes of the Sun and relates the amplitude and spectrum of the waves to the amplitude and spectrum of the convection. Waves are damped by several mechanisms: wavebreaking in the stable atmosphere, critical layer absorption, reabsorption by the convection, and wave radiation to space. The authors use plane parallel geometry without rotation and assume sinusoidal wave fluctuations in the horizontal dimensions. The vertical dependence is determined using the WKBJ approximation. It is found that convectively generated gravity waves do not exert an acceleration where the westward winds are greatest. Instead, they deposit westward momentum in a 1-km thick layer just above the convection. Other waves deposit eastward momentum far above the westward wind maximum where decelerations can exceed 20 m s^−1 day^−1, comparable to deceleration amplitudes in Earth's mesosphere. Although the momentum fluxes by gravity waves are substantial, the vertical profile of acceleration does not match what is required for supporting Venus's atmospheric superrotation.
Predictors of Employment Outcomes for State-Federal Vocational Rehabilitation Consumers With HIV/AIDS

In this study, the authors investigated the effects of demographic, medical, and vocational rehabilitation service variables on employment outcomes of persons living with HIV/AIDS. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine predictors of employment outcomes using two groups drawn from Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA-911) data. Only service variables were found to be significantly related to employment outcomes in both groups. Job placement assistance and on-the-job supports were found to be significant predictors of a successful employment outcome at closure. Whereas higher case service expenditures increased the likelihood of achieving employment at closure, longer length of time in rehabilitation decreased the likelihood of employment at closure.
Seeking the 99% chemistry library: Extending the serial collection through the use of decentralized document delivery

AbstractLibraries are successfully seeking, developing, and testing new ways to broaden their collections with materials that are neither cataloged nor stored for anticipated need. Instead, these acquisitions are purchased on demand, ordered and received online, by fax or overnight mail, and delivered to the requestor. At the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Chemistry Library, a document delivery project was established to study how this type of acquisition could be mainstreamed into everyday collection development as a traditional user service. A 6 1/2-month pilot project was conducted that provided free document delivery for articles, patents, and conference proceedings, which were available through the Chemical Abstracts Document Delivery Service, a commercial vendor. This pilot study tested the feasibility of decentralized document delivery in a branch library; a follow-up questionnaire was used to gauge user response to the service. Data from the study were also used to evaluate the ...
Orotidine-5′-Phosphate Decarboxylase and Pyrophosphorylase of Bean Leaves

This report includes results demonstrating the existence of orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase and orotidine-5′-phosphate pyrophosphorylase in plant leaves. The decarboxylase enzyme, purified 8 fold from leaves of etiolated pinto beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), had a pH optimum of 6.3. It was strongly inhibited by 6-azauridine-5′-phosphate; a concentration of 12 μm decreased the reaction rate 60%. The enzyme was not dependent upon magnesium ions or inhibited by p -chloromercuribenzoate. It was present in other parts of the bean plant and was found in young leaves of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and Canada thistle ( Cirsium arvense L.) The enzyme orotidine-5′-phosphate pyrophosphorylase, which catalyzes the formation of orotidine-5′-phosphate from orotic acid and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, was found in the etiolated bean leaves, and was also present in the leaves of tomato and Canada thistle. It was stimulated by manganous or magnesium ions and had a pH optimum of 7.2. The K m value obtained by varying the concentrations of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate was 75 μm, and when orotic acid was varied the resulting K m was 3.5 μm. The presence of these 2 enzymes in higher plants, combined with previous results with inhibitors and labeled metabolites, indicates that the normal pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis in higher plants proceeds through orotic acid and OMP.
Flow Structures in Bubble Migration under the Combined Action of Buoyancy and Thermocapillarity

Abstract When a bubble moves subject to the combined action of buoyancy and a vertical temperature gradient, the flow in the surrounding fluid reveals complex topology whether in the laboratory frame of reference or a reference frame traveling with the bubble. Two cases are considered, the first corresponding to neglecting convective transport altogether, and the second when convective transport of energy is permitted in the model. Results are illustrated via streamlines in meridian section. The results demonstrate that fresh intuition must be developed regarding this class of problems.
Update on the development of the Space Shuttle main engine /as of June 20, 1978/

During the last year, significant progress was made toward the development of the Space Shuttle Main Engine which will provide propulsion for the Space Shuttle Orbiter Vehicle. Component and subsystem testing was conducted at the Rocketdyne Santa Susana Field Laboratory on combustion devices, turbomachinery, and the engine POGO suppression system. Engine testing continued at the National Space Technology Laboratories on both single engines and a three-engine cluster. As a result of these tests, hardware limitations were identified and design modifications were incorporated and evaluated by further testing. Current effort is being directed toward the delivery of the first flight engines and certification of the SSME for manned flight.
Artificial intelligence and Bayesian decision theory in the prediction of chemical carcinogens

Two procedures for predicting the carcinogenicity of chemicals are described. One of these (CASE) is a self-learning artificial intelligence system that automatically recognizes activating and/or deactivating structural subunits of candidate chemicals and uses this to determine the probability that the test chemical is or is not a carcinogen. If the chemical is predicted to be carcinogen, CASE also projects its probable potency. The second procedure (CPBS) uses Bayesian decision theory to predict the potential carcinogenicity of chemicals based upon the results of batteries of short-term assays. CPBS is useful even if the test results are mixed (i.e. both positive and negative responses are obtained in different genotoxic assays). CPBS can also be used to identify highly predictive as well as cost-effective batteries of assays. For illustrative purposes the ability of CASE and CPBS to predict the carcinogenicity of a carcinogenic and a non-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is shown. The potential for using the two methods in tandem to increase reliability and decrease cost is presented.
FRACTALITY IN A MACROECONOMIC MODEL: NONLINEAR OSCILLATION AROUND A LONG-TERM EQUILIBRIUM

Recent studies have established that macroeconomic time series exhibit fractal properties. Empirical tests here demonstrate that interest rates, exchange rates, output and prices all show evidence of a non-integer fractal dimension. Several classes of volatility models widely used in econometrics can give rise to fractality. In the paradigm proposed here, fractality results from multiplicative relationships between residual noise terms in simultaneous equation systems. The emergence of fractality in a large-scale econometric model is analyzed. The model uses well-established structural equations, so that all variables converge toward their equilibrium paths in the long run. The forecasted paths are then embedded in noise, and the model is re-simulated at a higher frequency. The simultaneity of the model equations causes the embedding noise to take on fractal properties. Multi-scaling demonstrates that the model simulations reproduce the fractal properties of the real-world time series reasonably well. Finally, it is possible to forecast at short horizons using an algorithm that exploits two aspects of fractality, scaling symmetries and intermittency. Ratios of rates of change capture proximate symmetries. A logit regression is used to predict the conditional probability of extreme events.
Plants: novel developmental processes

Plants represent a diverse group of organisms that have unique reproductive, developmental, and physiological processes. Although morphologically simple, plants have molecular genetic processes that are equivalent in complexity to those found in animals. Sophisticated gene transfer procedures, transposon mutagenesis in homologous and heterologous plants, and development of model organisms such as Arabidopsis permit almost any gene that is associated with an observable phenotype to be isolated and studied. These advances, coupled with general advances in molecular biology, now make it possible to dissect the molecular and cellular events responsible for controlling plant-specific processes.
Medium velocity impact triboelectrification experiments with JSC Mars-1 regolith simulant

Abstract As land-based robotic missions to Mars have increased in scope and mobility, NASA has intensified its research efforts involving the mechanisms of electrostatic charging on the surface of Mars. The primary concern is that electrostatic adhesion and discharge might interfere with the operation of sensitive components, or interfere with communications and control systems. A secondary effect might be the electrostatic build-up of dust on solar panels, reducing mission effectiveness. One goal of this research is to assist in the development of electrostatic mitigation, including the selection of materials that resist excessive charging when placed in frictional contact with the Martian regolith. 1 However, most information related to frictional charging, or triboelectrification, is of an empirical nature. Based on experimentation, some materials have historically been arranged into triboelectric series in which the magnitude and sign of charge acquired through frictional contact can be predicted with reasonable accuracy. However, Martian regolith is not a homogeneous substance, so the approach of the traditional triboelectic series cannot be easily applied. Furthermore, an adequate theory that fully explains triboelectrification does not yet exist. For these reasons, it is necessary to empirically determine the materials and environmental conditions in which frictional charging on Mars becomes significant. Therefore, an experimental procedure has been developed for determining some triboelectric charging characteristics of JSC MARS-1 regolith simulant, based on a shaker box concept suggested by Dr. Carlos Calle of the Materials Research Laboratory at Kennedy Space Center. Over 300 trials under specific test conditions have been performed using this test procedure, with materials common to NASA project equipment used in space exploration. Test results indicate that moderately successful control over test conditions has been achieved, but the acquired electrostatic charge of the regolith simulant did not follow expected trends for all test materials. An analysis of time dependence trials conducted during this study indicates that at least two distinct, identifiable charging mechanisms affected magnitude and sign of the cumulative charge. The first is triboelectrification between the simulant and the test material. The second is inter-particle charging of the regolith simulant, with subsequent transfer between the test material and simulant. With some test materials these differing mechanisms yielded opposing charge polarities, in that the resulting magnitude of the acquired charge appears to be the difference, not the sum of the charging processes.
Applications of unbiased perturbations towards quantifying robustness with pragmatic geometric methods

Robustness of a system has been defined in various ways, and extensive work has been completed to model the robustness of a system, but quantifying or measuring robustness has always been very difficult. In this research, we consider a simple system of a linear estimator, and then attempt to model the system performance and robustness in a graphical manner, which admits an analysis using the differential geometric concepts of slope. We try to compare two different types of slopes, namely the slope with biased perturbations of a surface and the slope with unbiased perturbations, and observe the values to see which of them can alternately be used in the process of understanding or measuring robustness. In this process, we have worked on two different examples and taken readings for many points to find if there is any consistency in the two slopes.
Procedure for Electrophoretic Separation and Visualization of Milk-Clotting Enzymes in Milk Coagulants

Abstract A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system has been developed for separating commercial milk coagulants and mixtures of coagulants. The electrophoretic patterns of the samples are made visual by layering milk over the flat polyacrylamide gel slab. Areas having milk coagulating activities exhibited zones of clotted milk, which are easily seen. Standard calf rennet separated into two components which migrated toward the anode: a slow moving major band (rennin) and a faster moving minor band (calf pepsin). Rennet from older calf stomachs has a bovine pepsin component whose electrophoretic mobility is slightly faster than that of calf pepsin. Porcine pepsin migrated as a single component at mobility slightly faster than that of bovine pepsin. Microbial rennins exhibited varying migration patterns under these conditions. The system is sensitive enough to separate and to make visible as little as 5% of a coagulant mixed with another coagulant having a different migration rate.
TOPOI and rhetorical competence

This essay argues that the speech communication scholar can make genuinely original contributions to the general study of communicative development, particularly to the investigation of strategic communication. The thesis advanced is that speech communication scholars need to return their attention to message strategies, but within the framework of the underlying cognitive and cultural structures through which they are created.
Supernumerary regeneration in the large milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus.

Abstract As an approach to the problem of pattern formation in the insect appendage, various graft combinations were studied in the legs of the large milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus . Metathoracic legs of fourth instar larvae were amputated through the tibia within 24 hr after ecdysis and grafted back onto the stumps. The orientation of the graft was altered by rotation through 90 or 180° and/or by exchanging right and left stumps and grafts, yielding seven possible orientations in addition to the control. Many of these grafts resulted in the production of one or two supernumerary regenerates of the distal segments, which appeared at the graft junction after the second postoperative ecdysis. When two supernumerary regenerates resulted, one appeared to be produced from the stump and the other from the graft. When one regenerate was present, it appeared to be a composite of material produced from both the stump and the graft. In contrast to the results obtained in cockroaches, the external face of the leg appeared to be the only one capable of giving rise to a supernumerary regenerate.
Calibration mixture for estimation of peptide molecular weight by exclusion chromatography.

A procedure is described for the rapid preparation of a partial cyanogen bromide digest of horse heart cytochrome c. This digest serves as a calibration mixture for estimation of peptide molecular weight in the range 500 to 20,000 by exelusion chromatography in denaturing solvents. The elution profile of the calibration mixture from Sephadex G-50 equilibrated and developed with 10% formic acid is described by the relationship log M = 4.79 − 0.42 (VoVo).
Photovoltaic system testing

Abstract Methodologies use to measure the field performance of photovoltaic modules and array are presented herein. Uncertainties related to the measurement of solar irradiance are discussed and techniques to reduce these uncertainties are presented. Measurement techniques for short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and peak-power are reviewed, as well as methods for translating data at actual test conditions to “standard test conditions”.
Highly efficient room-temperature Yb:YAG ceramic laser and regenerative amplifier

A room-temperature, diode-pumped, pulsed Yb:YAG ceramic free-running laser with a 78% slope efficiency has been demonstrated. It has been shown that fine tuning of the mode diameter to the diameter of the pumped volume with a ratio of the pump to the mode diameter of 0.6 is important for achieving maximum laser efficiency with a Gaussian-like beam profile. A regenerative Yb:YAG ceramic amplifier with a maximum output energy of 14.5 mJ and a super-Gaussian beam profile is demonstrated.
Detecting Facial Expressions for Monitoring Patterns of Emotional Behavior

Detecting faces and facial expressions has become a common task in human-computer interaction systems. A face-facial detection system must be able to detect faces under various conditions and extract their facial expressions. Many approaches for face detection have been proposed in the literature mainly dealing with the detection or recognition of faces in still conditions rather than the person's facial expressions and the reflecting emotional behavior. In this paper, the author describes a synergistic methodology for detecting frontal high-resolution color faces and for recognizing their facial expressions accurately in realistic conditions both indoor and outdoor, and with a variety of conditions shadows, high-lights, non-white lights. The methodology associates these facial expressions to emotional behavior. It extracts important facial features, such as eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth lips and defines them as the primitive elements of an alphabet of a simple formal language in order to synthesize these facial features and generate emotional expressions. The main goal of this effort is to monitor emotional behavior and learn from it. Illustrative examples are also provided for proving the concept of the methodology.
Technology and Early Literacy: The Impact of an Integrated Learning System on High-Risk Kindergartners'Achievement

Two hundred sixty-five kindergarten children from a high-risk community participated in an 10-month evaluation of the effectiveness of the Waterford Early Reading Program, a software program designed to facilitate early literacy development. One hundred fifty-one students in eight experimental classrooms used the program for approximately 15 minutes per day. One hundred fourteen students in seven nonintervention classrooms had varying amounts of access to older hardware and software that was not systematically utilized by their teachers. Students were individually pre-and posttested using the TERA-2, the Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization Test, and the Waterford Inventory. Results indicated that students in the experimental classrooms performed significantly better than nonintervention students on the TERA-2 and the Waterford Inventory. Students in the experimental classrooms also showed a trend to outperform nonintervention students on the Lindamood, although not to a significant degree.
The megacycle ferractor

The ferractor is a magnetic amplifier designed to replace vacuum tubes in digital computer pulse circuits. Operation at information rates as high as 2 1/2 megacycles with moderate power gains and power levels has been achieved. This development represents an increase in the operating gain-bandwidth of magnetic amplifiers between one and two orders of magnitude over what has previously been reported.
Definition and conceptualization of stress in organizations

Abstract Stress in organizations is an extremely important phenomenon. It is generally associated with several vital individual physiological, psychological, and behavioral symptoms. Yet not a great deal is known about stress, either academically or organizationally. There exists no common definition or conceptualization of stress; therefore, an integrative research effort and a cumulative body of stress knowledge do not exist. The purpose of this paper is to offer such a definition and conceptualization of stress in organizations in order to facilitate a greater understanding of this important phenomenon. Several propositions and methodological considerations are suggested after the definition and conceptualization are presented. The perspective of this paper is of an understanding an individual's stress in an organization.
Static and statistical bending of DNA evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations.

Abstract To investigate the influence of thermal fluctuations on DNA curvature the Metropolis procedure at 300 K was applied to B-DNA decamers containing A5.T5 and A4.T4 blocks. Monte Carlo simulations have confirmed the DNA bending anisotropy: B-DNA bends most easily in a groove direction (roll). The A5.T5 block is more rigid than the other sequences; the pyrimidine-purine dimers are found to be the most flexible. For A5TCTCT, A5CTCTC, and A5GAGAG, the average bend angle per decamer is 20-25 degrees in a direction toward the minor groove in the center of the A5.T5 tract, which is consistent with both the "junction" and "wedge AA" models. However, in A5T5, A4T4CG, and T4A4GC, bending is directed into the grooves at the 5' and 3' ends of purine tracts. Thus, directionality of bending caused by An.Tn blocks strongly depends on their neighboring sequences. These calculations demonstrate that the sequence-dependent variation of the minor-groove width mimics the observed hydroxyl radical cleavage pattern. To estimate the effect of fluctuations on the overall shape of curved DNA fragments, longer pieces of DNA (up to 200 base pairs) were generated. For sequences with strong curvature (A5X5 and A4T4CG), the static model and Monte Carlo ensemble give similar results but, for moderately and slightly curved sequences (A5T5 or T4A4GC), the static model predicts a much smaller degree of bending than does the statistical representation. Considering fluctuations is important for quantitative interpretation of the gel electrophoresis measurements of DNA curvature, where both the static and statistical bends are operative.
An excited state photoelectrochemical cell for the production of H2O2 and Br2

Abstract The design and operation of a series of oxidative excited state photoelectrochemical half-cells is described, as is the application of one of them to the production of H 2 O 2 and Br 2 in separate cell compartments in acetonitrile solution. The basis for the half-cells is in the series of steps: (1) optical excitation of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer chromophore in complexes such as (bpy)Os(das) 2 2+ (bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine; das is 1,2-bis-dimethylarsinobenzene), (2) reductive quenching of the excited states by N( p -C 6 H 4 Br) 3 (NAr 3 ), (3) scavenging of the reduced metal complex in acidic acetonitrile by O 2 which gives H 2 O 2 and builds up NAr 3 + and (4) transfer of the oxidizing equivalents in NAr 3 + through an external circuit to a dark anode compartment where oxidation occurs. In the H 2 O 2 /Br 2 cell, Br − is oxidized to Br 2 in the second compartment. A kinetic model developed earlier has been successfully applied to the (bpy)Os(das) 2 2+ half-cell; this successfully predicts variations in photocharge with variations in chromophore, quencher and O 2 concentrations, incident light intensity and added acid. In an air-saturated solution saturated with quencher the cell efficiency for the production of H 2 O 2 and Br 2 at high limiting concentrations of quencher is φ′ cell = 0.85 ]+- 0.05 (equivalents of photoproducts per photon absorbed) at 25 °C. Under the same air-saturated conditions, the most efficient half-cell is based on the chromophore Ru(4,4′-(Co 2 Et) 2 bpy) 3 2+ (4,4′-(CO 2 Et) 2 bpy is 4,4′-bis(carboethoxy)-2,2′-bipyridine) where φ′ cell = 1.8 ± 0.5. φ cell values in excess of unity provide evidence for a kinetic step in which the one-electron intermediate HO 2 is reduced by NAr 3 to give a second mole of NAr 3 + per photon absorbed.
Effects of antimicrobials fed as dietary growth promoters on faecal shedding of Campylobacter, Salmonella and shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli in swine.

Aims To determine whether antimicrobials commonly used in swine diets affect zoonotic pathogen shedding in faeces. Methods and Results Barrows (n = 160) were sorted into two treatments at 10 weeks of age (week 0 of the study), and fed growing, grow finishing and finishing diets in 4-week feeding periods. For each feeding phase, diets were prepared without (A−) and with (A+) dietary antimicrobials (chlortetracycline, 0–8 week; bacitracin, 9–12 week) typical of the United States. At week 0, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 12 of the study, faecal swabs or grabs were collected for analyses. Campylobacter spp. was absent at week 0, but prevalence increased over time with most isolates being identified as Campylobacter coli. When chlortetracycline was used in A+ diets (week 4 and 8), prevalence for Campylobacter spp., pathogenic Escherichia coli O26 and stx genes was lower in faeces. On week 12 after the shift to bacitracin, Campylobacter spp. and stx genes were higher in faeces from piglets fed A+ diet. Pathogenic E. coli serogroups O103 and O145 were isolated throughout the study and their prevalence did not differ due to diet. Pathogenic E. coli serogroups O111 and O121 were never found in the piglets, and Salmonella spp. prevalence was low. Conclusions In production swine, growing diets with chlortetracycline may have reduced pathogen shedding compared with the A-growing diets, whereas finishing diets with bacitracin may have increased pathogen shedding compared with the A-finishing diet. Significance and Impact of the Study Inclusion of antimicrobials in the diet can affect zoonotic pathogen shedding in faeces of swine.
Lubrication Analysis of a Connecting-Rod Bearing in a High-Speed Engine. Part I: Rod and Bearing Deformation

Analysis was performed on a connecting rod assembly operating at 6,500 rpm. The analysis was based on the finite element method, which includes effects of interference fitted bearings and pre-loaded bolts. The rod inertia force associated with the gas pressure was found to have a significant effect on the variation of the rod bearing shape. The shape variation of a connecting rod assembly is commonly ignored in rod bearing analyses. Investigation of bearing deformation was conducted in order to evaluate the lubrication characteristics.
Stirling-Markov series transformations with increasingly rapid convergence rates

Abstract A series transformation based on an inverse factorial integral representation is given. The procedure yields a hierarchy of transformations. Transformations of higher rank converge faster and apply to larger classes of series. The procedure can be considered as a specific formulation of Markov's transformation of series, and the rank 1 transformation includes typical examples of Markov's transformation. It is shown that the rank K transformation of any rational series converges exponentially fast with ratio ϱ k = K k (K + 1) k + 1 . Since ϱ k tends to zero as K increases, it follows that every rational series can be transformed to a series converging at an arbitrarily fast exponential rate. The generalization of the procedure to other integral transforms is discussed.
Pulsar wobble and neutron starquakes.

Two types of non-secular changes in pulsar frequency f have been reported. One is a sudden small frequency jump Δf in both NP 0532 (the Crab pulsar)1,2 and PSR 0833 (the Vela pulsar)3,4. The other is a slow, small amplitude “wobble” of frequency v in the Crab pulsar frequency5. A number of explanations for the jumps have been put forward, based on the model of a pulsar as a rotating neutron star: (1) the near passage of a planet in an orbit of high eccentricity (unpublished work of Michel); (2) a fluid instability caused by the crust of the neutron star rotating more slowly than its core6; (3) a sudden relaxation of strains which have built up in the stellar crust (starquake)7,8. Suggested mechanisms for the wobble include: (a) induced motion by yet another planet5; (b) free precession of a non-spherical star (unpublished work of Chiuderi and Occhionero); (c) normal mode vibrations of quantized vortex lines within the rotating superfluid core9.
III6NeuAcLc4Cer in human SW1116 colorectal carcinoma cells: A possible oncofetal antigen that is not dependent on Lewis gene expression

Abstract Monospecific rabbit antibodies directed against the human milk sialyloligosaccharides III6NeuAcLcOse4 (sialyltetrasaccharide b), IV3NeuAcLcOse4 (sialyltetrasaccharide a), and IV6NeuAcnLc4Ose (sialyltetrasaccharide c) were used to detect their homologous haptens as gangliosides or ganglioside-derived sialyloligosaccharides from the human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW1116. III6NeuAcLc4Cer was first detected in human meconium [ P. A. Prieto and D. F. Smith (1985) Arch. Biochem. Biophys.241, 281–289 ], and its presence in a total ganglioside fraction of SW1116 cells together with its absence from a total lipid extract of normal human intestinal mucosa are consistent with III6NeuAcLc4Cer being a tumor-associated oncofetal antigen. IV3NeuAcLc4Cer, a ganglioside in human meconium [ P. A. Prieto and D. F. Smith (1986) Arch. Biochem. Biophys.249, 243–253 ], was also detected in SW1116 cells; an observation that is consistent with its being the immediate precursor to the sialyl-Lea ganglioside in SW1116 cells. Specific antisera against sialylated type 1 oligosaccharide chains whose expression is independent of the Lewis gene fucosyltransferase may be useful diagnostic reagents for oncofetal, carbohydrate antigens.
RNA synthesis dependence of action potential development in spinal cord neurones

The role of transcription in the development of electrical properties of neuronal membranes has been largely unexplored. To study the molecular events which result in the expression of these properties it is useful to describe the timing of the underlying RNA synthetic events. For example, the timing of the transcription involved in denervation-induced action potentials in frog slow muscle fibres and brain extract-induced sodium channels in chick muscle cells has been investigated. Previous studies of Xenopus laevis spinal neurones have established that the timing of the development of the neuronal action potential ionic dependence in dissociated cell cultures parallels that seen in vivo. This culture system, therefore, allows the determination of transcription-dependent periods necessary for the development of membrane properties known to have in vivo relevance. In the study described here, actinomycin D was used to examine the timing of the RNA synthetic events necessary for (1) neurite outgrowth and (2) development of the ionic dependence of the action potential. I report that inhibition of transcription at an early stage specifically blocks the appearance of the mature sodium-dependent action potential without affecting either neurite outgrowth or the development of delayed rectification.
Radiation effects on the proportional counter X-ray detectors on board the NEAR spacecraft

Abstract The X-ray proportional counters on board the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft have exhibited a resolution degradation and recovery phenomenon several times during the long cruise phase of the mission. The resolution is checked periodically by commanding an 55 Fe source into the window area. The degradation is seen as a low energy tailing of the 5.9 keV photopeak. Two events have occurred which provided good spectral data for better understanding the degradation phenomenon. In November 1997 a large solar particle event occurred that degraded the resolution and excited copper in the collimator. Eventually the detectors returned to normal. In January 1998 the spacecraft performed an Earth swingby gravity assist maneuver. The near Earth environment excited the magnesium and aluminum in the filter elements. The copper line was also produced. The NEAR spacecraft was launched in February 1996 and will rendezvous and orbit the asteroid 433 Eros in early 1999.
Identification of Hallucinogens in Illicit Seizures I: 2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine

The identification of the hallucinogen, 2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine, in illicit seizures using spectroscopic techniques is described. The difficulties in the interpretation of the IR spectra as a result of positional isomers and also the anomalies found during GC analysis are covered. The NMR and mass spectroscopic data are explained.
Amnesia with hippocampal lesions cardiopulmonary arrest

A patient developed an amnesic syndrome after cardiopulmonary arrest. Neuropathologic examination revealed pronounced anoxic injury to both hippocampi with little damage to other hemisphere structures. The clinical and pathologic findings suggest that lesions limited to the hippocampus can cause profound amnesia.
Modeling of measured target pressure profiles in three hypervelocity impact experiments

A 24 g aluminum sphere was shot at a sparse array of cylinders with nominal initial projectile velocity of 4 and 5 km/s. Pressure profiles were measured with cased carbon resistor gages at two locations in a projectile impacted water filled cylinder and two of its neighbors on three shots. The pressure maxima were in the 1-13 kbars range. The experiments are modeled with the ALE3D code and several techniques are used to concentrate zoning at places of interest. There is excellent agreement between the measured and calculated pressure profiles for two shots and good agreement for the third. Comparison of the calculated pressure profiles with those from more refined calculations for two shots suggest that we are near convergence with respect to zone size.
Regulation of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by dNTPs.

Abstract Reverse transcriptase (RNA-directed DNA polymerase, EC 2.7.7.49) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 has been examined with respect to the steady-state kinetics of polymerization of dNTPs into product DNA. With dNTPs as variable substrate, the kinetics of polymerization deviated from standard Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Substrate inhibition was observed at high substrate concentrations and negative cooperativity was seen at lower substrate concentrations. Examination of incorporation of substrate dNMPs in the presence of nucleotides not complementing the template demonstrated that dNTPs may act as noncompetitive inhibitors, as well as substrate. The Ki of the enzyme for dNTPs was 104 microM. A working model is presented that accounts for the substrate inhibition. In this model, the reverse transcriptase is a multisubunit holoenzyme, where noncompetitive inhibition is mediated by one subunit binding nucleotide and down-regulating the enzymatically active 64-kDa subunit. With additional assumptions, this model can accommodate the negative cooperativity observed.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in prostatic adenocarcinoma: Correlation with established prognostic indicators

Abstract Objective. The utility of an antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a growth-specific nuclear protein, was assessed as a prognostic variable for prostatic adenocarcinoma. Its expression was correlated with established prognostic indicators, including tumor grade, stage, prostattc-specific antigen (PSA), and percent of tumor in the gland at excision. Methods. Forty archival needle biopsies containing a minimum of four hundred tumor cells were analyzed. Immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin sections was performed for PCNA (PC 10) after pretreatment in antigen retrieval solution. A proliferative index (PI) for each case was derived using image analysis with measurement of at least four hundred twenty-five nuclei. Results. PI values ranged from 2.4 to 31.3 percent. Mean PI values varied significantly (ANOVA, p = 0.005) among cases with dominant Gleason grade (DGG) of 3 (mean PI = 9.3%), 4 (mean PI = 13.7%), and 5 (mean PI = 18.8%). By t test, significant differences were noted for PI in cases with DGG 2 and 3 versus those with DGG 4 and 5 ( p = 0.0065). PI for cases with DGG 3 versus 5 showed significant difference (p = 0.0017). Tumors of Gleason scores 5 to 7 differed significantly from those with scores 8 to 10 (p = 0.014). A statistical relationship for PI and PSA, clinical stage, and percent tumor at resection could not be established by linear regression. Conclusions. These findings suggest that additional study of the PI, as determined by PCNA immunohistochemistry and image analysis, may be warranted to determine its usefulness as an adjunctive parameter in prostate adenocarcinoma. This technique may be particularly useful in needle biopsies where limited tumor may render assessment of grade difficult.
Medical tourism in tango paradise: The internet branding of cosmetic surgery in Argentina

Abstract This article examines the online marketing literature that promotes Argentina as a rising destination for cosmetic surgeries. The surgical production of “body capital” is branded as an investment practice towards increasing one’s value in the global market economy. Online advertisers portray Argentina as a familiar place where foreigners can feel “at home” due to an assumed “cultural affinity” (i.e., racial, ethnic and cultural similarities) with their Argentine hosts. Argentines are depicted as surgically enhanced role models to be imitated by their foreign visitors. The notion of sensual exoticism is advertised via tango products—from taking lessons to watching tango shows—as a unique component of the cosmetic surgery package that brands improved physical appearance with enhanced sex appeal.
Justice, Democracy, and Hazardous Siting

In this essay we examine some issues of justice associated with the siting of hazardous industrial facilities. Utilitarian justifications of siting decisions are inadequate because they fail to address questions of fairness. Approaches that consider questions of distributive equity provide a better framework for siting justice, but are still incomplete. Limiting questions of justice to the distribution of benefits and burdens fails to examine the justice of procedures for deciding such issues of distribution. We argue that justice requires a participatory communicative democratic process for siting hazardous facilities, in two respects. It is prima facie unjust to impose a risk on citizens without their having participated in the siting process. Participatory communicative democratic procedures in facility siting, moreover, when structured according to specific norms of discussion and inclusion, are likely to yield the most just outcomes. We propose procedural as well as substantive conditions for such de...
Mixing memories: The effects of rumors that conflict with children’s experiences

This study examined age differences in children's vulnerability to be misled by two types of false overheard rumors, namely a rumor that suggested a reasonable explanation for an earlier unresolved experience and a rumor that suggested an explanation that conflicted with information already in memory. Results indicated that all of the children were highly susceptible to wrongly report the rumor as an actual experience when it merely filled a gap in memory. However, the 5- and 6-year-olds were better able than the 3- and 4-year-olds to resist the rumor when it suggested a conflicting explanation for a past event. Developmental changes in children's understanding of conflicting mental representations were linked to their ability to resist being misled by the conflicting rumor.
The effective potential in quantum mechanics

General properties of the effective potential are discussed for quantum mechanical systems with a single degree of freedom. These properties are illustrated using specific one‐dimensional potential models. In particular, it is stressed that the ground state for a system can exist even when the effective potential decreases monotonically towards a unique finite minimum at infinite 〈x〉.
Superconductivity of ternary rare-earth compounds. III. An analysis of experimental data on the rhodium boride system

In earlier papers by the same authors a theory which discussed the effects of ferromagnetic spin fluctuations on superconductivity was presented. In this paper it is shown that experimental measurements of the phase diagrams and upper critical fields of several pseudo-ternary rare-earth rhodium boride compounds can be explained using the theory. The rare-earth atoms behave magnetically like free 3+ ions, and couple weakly to the conduction electrons with a strength that is nearly independent of their atomic number. The rare-earth compounds are typically quite dirty and have very short spin-orbit scattering times. It is predicted that the jump in specific heat in most of these compounds will exceed the BCS value.
Symmetries of drawings of sets of cycles and chromatic automorphisms

Abstract Certain colored graphs are defined in terms of permutations in Sn and the edge-chromatic automorphism groups of these graphs are studied. In fact, these groups are characterized in terms of the associated permutations. These groups are related to the groups of symmetries of certain drawings of sets of cycles in the plane.
Aspects of integrated software

Numerous microcomputer software systems claim to have a capability of integrating several different functions such as spreadsheet, word processing, data base management, and graphics. This paper considers various alternative approaches to integration and presents a classification scheme. Examples of commercial software packages that fit into the different categories are given.
EXTENSIVE SHORTENING OF ILEAL CONDUIT THROUGH PERISTOMAL INCISION

A conservative procedure is described for shortening the redundant ileal segment through a peristomal incision. The procedure may be used to complement a stomal revision.
Siglec-9 and SHP-1 Are Differentially Expressed in Neonatal and Adult Neutrophils

Neonatal PMN (polymorphonuclear neutrophils) exhibit altered inflammatory responsiveness and greater longevity compared with adult PMN; however, the involved mechanisms are incompletely defined. Receptors containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains promote apoptosis by activating inhibitory phosphatases, such as Src homology domain 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), that block survival signals. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-9, an immune inhibitory receptor with an ITIM domain, has been shown to induce cell death in adult PMN in association with SHP-1. To test our hypothesis that neonatal PMN inflammatory function may be modulated by unique Siglec-9 and SHP-1 interactions, we compared expression of these proteins in adult and neonatal PMN. Neonatal PMN exhibited diminished cellular expression of Siglec-9, which was phosphorylated in the basal state. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) treatment decreased Siglec-9 phosphorylation levels in neonatal PMN but promoted its phosphorylation in adult PMN, observations associated with altered survival signaling. Although SHP-1 expression was also diminished in neonatal PMN, GM-CSF treatment had minimal effect on phosphorylation status. Further analysis revealed that Siglec-9 and SHP-1 physically interact, as has been observed in other immune cells. Our data suggest that age-specific interactions between Siglec-9 and SHP-1 may influence the altered inflammatory responsiveness and longevity of neonatal PMN.