cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Study of GCM Sensitivity to Latitudinal Changes in Solar Radiation

Abstract Paleoclimatic data and climate model simulations have demonstrated that orbitally forced changes in solar radiation can have a pronounced effect on global climate. Key questions remain, however, about the spatial patterns in the climatic sensitivity to these changes in solar radiation. The authors use GCM simulations of Kutzbach and Guetter and Prell and Kutzbach that were made with the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM), version CCM0. The results of these simulations are employed to compute linear equilibrium sensitivity coefficients and jackknife uncertainties relating the response of key climate variables to orbitally forced changes in solar radiation. The spatial distributions of the sensitivities and the corresponding uncertainties reveal the synoptic patterns of climate response for these climate variables and identify areas of high and low sensitivity. The sensitivity of CCM0 to solar radiation changes such as those experienced during the Quaternary is large and predominately linear for ma...
Cain and Abel: Two Aristocrats and the Early Victorian Factory Acts

In November 1844 the young Lord Ashley, not for 16 years to become the seventh earl of Shaftesbury, was in search of a public school for his son and heir, Anthony. ‘I fear Eton,’ he confided to his diary: …it makes admirable gentlemen and finished scholars, fits a man, beyond all competition, for the dancing-room, the Club, St James' Street, and all the mysteries of social elegance; but it does not make the man required for the coming generation. We must have nobler, deeper, sterner stuff; less of refinement, and more of truth; more of the inward, not so much of the outward gentleman; a rigid sense of duty, not a ‘delicate sense of honour’; a just estimate of rank and property, not as manners of personal enjoyment and display, but as gifts from God, bringing with them serious responsibilities, and involving a fearful account; a contempt of ridicule, not a dread of it; a desire and a courage to live for the service of God, and the best interests of mankind, and by His grace, to accomplish the baptismal promise… Unless we have such men as these for our successors, goodbye to the British Empire.
The qualitative dynamics of a class of biochemical control circuits

The dynamical behavior of a class of biochemical control circuits that regulate enzyme or protein synthesis by end-product feedback is analyzed. Both inducible and repressible systems are studied and it is proven that in the former unique steady states are globally asymptotically stable. This precludes periodic solutions in these systems. A similar result holds for repressible systems under certain constraints on kinetic parameters and binding contants. However, when the reaction sequence is sufficiently long, or when a large enough number of effector molecules bind to each repressor molecule, repressible systems can show zero-amplitude ("soft") bifurcations: these are predicted by Hopf's bifurcation theorem.
In vitro characterization of the RP-6 dialyzer: co-current and counter-current clearance as a function of ultrafiltration.

Analytical and graphical techniques are described for presenting clearance data as a function of ultrafiltration; thus for the first time comparison of clearance values between dialyzers can be made unambiguously. This simple method uses a hand calculator to determine three coefficients. Clearance has been shown to be accurately described by the equation C = α1 + α2Qv + α3 (1/QBi). This formula permits construction of easily read families of curves which can predict clearance values under most clinical situations. The RP-6 dialyzer is characterized by these methods for clearance of urea, glucose and vitamin B12 for counter-current and co-current modes.
Dissociative phase transitions from hypervelocity impacts

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study hypervelocity impacts of an ultrathin flyer plate with a semi-infinite two-dimensional model diatomic molecular solid. These hypervelocity impacts are shown to produce a dissociative phase transition from a molecular to a close-packed solid in the target material. Although this close-packed phase persists for less than 10 picoseconds and is confined to a domain less than 10 nanometers wide it nevertheless behaves in a manner consistent with continuum theory.
Determinants of leaf temperature in California Mimulus species at different altitudes

Leaf energy balance and gas-exchange characteristics were studied in Mimulus cardinalis at 400 m and Mimulus lewisii at 2,700 m in the Sierra Nevada of central California. In contrast to previous observations, leaf temperatures were not near 30° C at air temperatures from 20 to 40° C but were coupled quite closely to air temperature. Stomatal conductance in both species decreased in response to increases in the water vapor concentration gradient, a response opposite that required to establish 30°C leaf temperatures over a wide range of air temperatures. The temperature optima for photosynthesis were broad in both species but 5° C higher for M. cardinalis than for M. lewisii. The direct or indirect effects of altitude did not contribute significantly to the maintenance of constant leaf temperatures. For both species, maintaining constant leaf temperatures appears to be less important than avoiding inhibitory water stress or diffusion limitation of photosynthesis.
Chemical Mimicry: Bolas Spiders Emit Components of Moth Prey Species Sex Pheromones

Field studies have indicated that bolas spiders attract male moth prey, apparently by mimicking the odor of female moth sex pheromones. Three moth sex pheromone compounds, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenal, were identified in volatile substances emitted by hunting adult female Mastophora cornigera spiders. These compounds are components of pheromone blends that attract some of this spider's moth prey species.
Problems with the use of placebo conditions in psychotherapy research, suggested alternatives, and some strategies for the pursuit of the placebo phenomenon

Due to the numerous conceptual, methodological, and ethical problems that are associated with placebo conditions in psychotherapy research, their use should be abandoned, and more powerful therapy outcome designs (dismantling, additive, parametric, and catalytic) that can contribute to basic knowledge through their ability to isolate specific cause-and-effect relationships are recommended. On the other hand, if indeed the placebo effect is a reliable phenomenon, it would be wise to pursue its causal mechanisms, and some research strategies for initiating such pursuit are briefly described.
Spectroscopic analysis of poly(methyl methacrylate)/alumina polymer nanocomposites prepared by in situ (bulk) polymerization

Poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer nanocomposites were prepared by in situ bulk free radical polymerization. To ensure high-quality dispersion of the oxide nanoparticles, some composites were prepared from nanoparticles predispersed in propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA). The degree to which this additional dispersing medium interacted with the aluminum oxide nanoparticle was studied by attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR), which confirmed secondary bonding and ionic interaction across the particle/dispersing medium interface. Additionally, the effect of the dispersing medium and the nanoparticles on the degree of monomer conversion was determined by Raman spectroscopy. In the presence of oxide nanoparticles alone, the active surface of the nanoparticles traps propagating radicals which significantly reduces monomer conversion. Conversely, the degree of monomer conversion is enhanced in composites containing predispersing nanoparticles, apparently by passivation/functionalization of the oxide surface by the PGMEA.
Leisure Activities, Age, and Adult Roles Across the Lifespan

Abstract This study concerns changes across the lifespan in the frequency of participation in a variety of leisure activities common in everyday life, particularly how those changes are related to family and work roles. This focus on leisure is of general sociological interest because it provides a bridge between the organization of the life course imposed by the social structure and its consequences for individuals' lives. Our general hypothesis is that involvements in primary roles, in the domains of marriage, living arrangements, parenthood, and work, bring obligations and opportunities that affect participation in activities in other domains of life. We further hypothesize that the relationship of role statuses to leisure activities will explain much of the age trends in leisure activities. The analysis includes 11 leisure activities and is based on a representative sample of 827 Nebraskans, covering the full adult age span. We use polynomial regression to establish the continuous, curvilinear relatio...
Considerations in testing of ITER first wall mockups

Abstract The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) will have a first wall (FW) made up of ∼1900 panels, each with multiple fingers of beryllium (Be) armor joined to water-cooled CuCrZr that is joined to a water-cooled stainless steel backing. The US will provide three toroidal rings of FW modules and the two-port limiters to be used during startup, and the EU, Japan, Korea, China and Russia will supply other FW modules. These ITER Partners will prepare first wall quality (FWQ) mockups, 80 mm wide with three 80 mm long Be tiles, in 2007 for a joining quality assurance test at 0.7 MW/m 2 for 12,000 cycles. Sandia will test the US FWQ mockups as well as those of some ITER Partners in its Plasma Material Test Facility. This paper reports some of our recent thermal and stress analyses, notes other work to be published elsewhere and offers comments about the nature of the testing and analysis of the FWQ mockups.
The Footprint of Old Syphilis: Using a Reverse Screening Algorithm for Syphilis Testing in a US Geographic Information Systems–Based Community Outreach Program

The impact of syphilis reverse sequence screening has not been evaluated in community outreach. Using reverse sequence screening in neighborhoods identified with geographic information systems, we found that among 239 participants, 45 (19%) were seropositive. Of these, 3 (7%) had untreated syphilis, 33 (73%) had previously treated syphilis infection, and 9 (20%) had negative nontreponemal test results.
Activation states as assessed by verbal report and four psychophysiological variables.

The present research was part of a program aimed at examination of the validity of controlled verbal reports of various activation states. A difference score design was used in which four psychophysiological measures and verbal ratings of various activation states were obtained in a baseline and an activation period from 41 female subjects. Verbal reports were then correlated with individual physiological measures and composites or indices of physiological measures. Specifically, two kinds of physiological index were employed, one in which the subject's physiological change score was represented by the single system showing the greatest change, and a second index weighted equally by all four physiological measures. The physiological index using the single system showing the greatest activation yielded slightly greater correlations with verbal report than the other index. Skin conductance and heart rate, the best combination of the four physiological systems measured, correlated as high as .62 with verbal report. The results were interpreted as demonstrating the usefulness and validity of controlled self report and the relative superiority of skin conductance and heart rate among other physiological systems in correlations with verbal report.
Services for Perinatal Women with Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders: The Unmet Need

Dual diagnosis refers to the co-occurrence of substance abuse and mental illness, which may take many forms. Women who abuse alcohol or drugs are more likely than men to be diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, particularly depression or personality disorder. The interaction of pregnancy, addiction, and mental illness creates complex needs that often go unrecognized by treatment providers. Clinical issues concern adequate prenatal care, use of medications while pregnant and/or nursing, maternal bonding, and coordinated treatment planning among medical, addiction, and mental health treatment providers. Barriers to service delivery to perinatal substance-abusing women with a mental illness include the difficulty in diagnosing a dual disorder, child care and custody concerns, lack of health insurance or funds to pay for treatment, and the stigma associated with mental illness and addiction. Services currently available for the dually diagnosed are typically fragmented and uncoordinated and provision of those services is often hampered by philosophical differences, categorical funding, competition for scarce resources, inadequate staff training, and lack of a central administrative authority or mandate. Several models have been suggested that coordinate services for the dually diagnosed. Awareness of the service needs of dually-diagnosed perinatal women must be included within these models and integrated at all levels of the treatment system.
The astonishing synthetic versatility of microorganisms

The versatility of microbial biosynthesis is enormous. Today's products of the microbe vary from the simplicity of methane and acetic acid to the complexity of vitamin B12 and proteins. The importance of the fermentation industry results from three important characteristics of microorganisms -ci) a high ratio of surface area to volume, which facilitates the uptake of nutrients needed for high rates of metabolism and biosynthesis, (ii) the tremendous variety of reactions which microorganisms can carry out, and (iii) a facility to adapt to a large array of different environments, allowing a culture to be transplanted from nature to the laboratory, where it is abILe to grow on inexpensive carbon and nitrogen sources while producing valuable compounds.
Acoustic overstimulation modifies Mcl-1 expression in cochlear sensory epithelial cells.

Cell–cell junctions and junctions between cells and extracellular matrix are essential for maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the cochlea, and are also a major target of acoustic trauma. While morphological assessments have revealed adhesion dysfunction in noise-traumatized cochleae, the molecular mechanisms responsible for adhesion disruption are not clear. Here, we screened the transcriptional expression of 49 adhesion-related genes in normal rat cochleae and measured the expression changes in the early phases of cochlear pathogenesis after acoustic trauma. We found that genes from four adhesion families, including the immunoglobulin superfamily and the integrin, cadherin, and selectin families, are expressed in the normal cochlea. Exposure to an intense noise at 120 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for 2 h caused site-specific changes in expression levels in the apical and the basal sections of the sensory epithelium. Expression changes that occurred in the cochlear sensory epithelium were biphasic, with early upregulation at 2 h post-noise exposure and subsequent downregulation at 1 day post-exposure. Importantly, the altered expression level of seven genes (Sgce, Sell, Itga5, Itgal, Selp, Cntn1 and Col5a1) is related to the level of threshold shift of the auditory brainstem response (ABR), an index reflecting functional change in the cochlea. Notably, the genes showing expression changes exhibited diverse constitutive expression levels and belong to multiple adhesion gene families. The finding of expression changes in multiple families of adhesion genes in a temporal fashion (2 h vs. 1 day) and a spatial fashion (the apical and the basal sensory epithelia as well as the lateral wall tissue) suggests that acoustic overstimulation provokes a complex response in adhesion genes, which likely involves multiple adhesion-related signaling pathways.
Physiologic concepts in the genesis and management of thyroid tumors

I T has long been thought that normal physiologic mechanisms might be involved in the development of pathologic changes. In an endocrine tissue like the thyroid in which tumors have developed, such a relationship appears to exist. Much data have been collected which demonstrate similarities between normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue. With the establishment of these physiologic mechanisms in thyroid tumor development and maintenance, a basis for a rational form of management has been developed. A consideration of these relationships in the genesis and management of thyroid tumors is the purpose of the present paper.
Army Radar Requirements for the 21st Century

The paper presents a subjective view of what the Army surface based radar user will be asking of radars in the future. In addition to the primary advantages offered by radars, such as "all-weather capability, wide area coverage, and three-dimensional accurate position information, the user wants more. These desires include passivity or at least a low radio frequency signature and more information regarding object identification. In addition, they want the radar to perform multiple functions and missions, seamlessly participate in network operations, and at the same time be very reliable, low maintenance and not cost very much. The paper discusses the rationale behind the requirements and provides some insight into ways to achieve the objectives.
Current Concepts of the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease: Microbiology Emphasis

A summary of the major highlights of periodontal pathogenesis research with particular emphasis on periodontal microbiology is presented. Bacteriologic specificity, periodontal disease activity, anatomical plaque research, bacterial recolonization and the concept of bacterial succession are discussed. Periodontal immunology, gingival fluid, histopathology as well as clinical research are briefly mentioned as they interrelate with periodontal microbiology.
Challenges in estimating omega-3 fatty acid content of seafood from US nutrient databases: A salmon case study

Abstract A major source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is fatty fish, i.e. salmon. Compelling evidence shows fish intake decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The American Heart Association recommends the public eat 2 servings (3.5 oz each) of fish (preferably fatty) per week to increase EPA + DHA intake and lower CVD risk. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends 8 oz of a variety of seafood per week providing an average daily consumption of 250 mg EPA + DHA. “Fish-first” recommendations rely on accurate nutrient databases to estimate the amount of EPA + DHA in fish. Wild salmon vary in total fat and EPA + DHA content depending on location, season, water temperature, age, sex, and diet. The environment of farmed salmon is controlled, but the EPA + DHA content of the feed varies. US researchers primarily rely on the USDA Nutrient Database for food composition information, while consumers likely use commercial websites; however, websites often cite USDA values making the accuracy of the database paramount. Accounting for the inherent EPA + DHA variability in wild salmon and regulating the nutrient content of feed for farmed salmon can provide more stable estimates of EPA + DHA in fish, thereby improving the accuracy of nutrient databases.
Hyperfinite quantum random walks

Abstract Using the methods of non-standard analysis, hyperfinite quantum random walks are constructed. Properties of these quantum processes are analyzed and expressions for their characteristic functions and free propagators are derived. The amplitude evolutions of these processes are described by the usual Schro¨dinger and Dirac equations.
"Does this doctor speak my language?" Improving the characterization of physician non-English language skills.

Objective To describe the initial impact of an organizational policy change on measurement of physician non-English language proficiency.
Pleurobranchaea egg-laying hormone: Localization and partial purification

1. Egg-laying behavior in the gastropodPleurobranchaea californica is a stereotyped sequence of events lasting several hours and culminating in the extrusion of eggs and their attachment to the substrate (Fig. 1). A hormone that causes egg laying has been localized in the two pedal ganglia by means of bioassay (Table 1). One fourth, but not one eighth, of a single pedal ganglion was capable of causing egg laying (Fig. 3).Pleurobranchaea egg-laying hormone differs from that of the closely related gastropodAplysia, sincePleurobranchaea egg-laying hormone did not cause egg laying inAplysia, nor didAplysia egg-laying hormone cause laying inPleurobranchaea. 2. Pleubranchaea egg-laying hormone has a molecular weight of 4000–7000 daltons as determined by fractionation of pedal ganglia on Sephadex G-50 and subsequent bioassay of fractions (Fig. 4). The hormone stained with Coomassie blue when fractionated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Fig. 6), incorporated3H and14C labeled leucine when pedal ganglia were labeled in vitro (Figs. 7,8), and was inactivated by trypsin (Table 2). Therefore the hormone is presumably a polypeptide. The hormone was not inactivated by boiling (Table 3). 3. Bioassay and gel electrophoresis localized the hormone to the medial lobe of the pedal ganglion (Fig. 6). Histology of the pedal ganglion revealed that the surface of the medial lobe is comprised exclusively of cells 70–90μm in diameter that stained with phloxine (Fig. 9b), a substance known to stain cells containing egg-laying hormone inAplysia (Fig. 9a) and other molluscs. Therefore, the medial lobe cells that stain with phloxine are presumably the site of synthesis and storage of egg-laying hormone. 4. Whereas egg-laying hormone sufficient to cause egg laying is usally confined to the pedal ganglia, bioassay revealed hormone also in cerebropleural ganglia removed from animals in the act of laying eggs (Fig. 10). Extracts from cerebropleural ganglia of non-laying animals never caused egg laying (Table 1 and Fig. 10a), although these extracts did occasionally induce some of the components of egg-laying behavior (Fig. 10b). The greater amount of egg-laying hormone in cerebropleural ganglia of laying animals could signify the binding of hormone to target sites in this ganglion.
Accountability, Evidence, and the Use of Information Systems in Social Service Programs

• Summary: As social work engages with the ideology of evidence-based practice it becomes important to accurately document service activities and outcomes. This often proves problematic, as utilization of systems to collect data for evaluation is fraught with ideological, epistemological, and skill-based difficulties. This article describes a `multiple case study' consisting of: ) a multi-agency evaluation with inconsistent implementation of a data collection system; and 2) a follow-up cross-sectional study of social workers' use of computers and data systems.• Findings: Four components related to practitioner utilization of data systems were identified: skills and experience with using computers, perceived ease of use, utility of the data, and attitudes about data. The latter may point to underlying epistemological and ontological issues regarding evidence-based practice in direct service settings.• Applications : It is important to understand the interacting personal, professional, and organizational fa...
A pilot study of office-based spirometry in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Background: Although pulmonary involvement is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), its effects on healthy lifestyle physical activity and its association with fatigue have not been well ch...
Short-Time Current Ratings for Aircraft Wire and Cable

This paper gives the results of a series of tests on two sizes (AN-16 and AN-8) of insulated aircraft wires and cables, which were made to determine their permissible short-time current-carrying capacities. The times under consideration ranged from 0.01 to 1,000 seconds. A description is given of a very simple but adequate electrical test together with an accompanying insulation test to determine what are considered permissible transient temperatures. Tentative recommendations of short-time current-carrying capacity for aircraft cable sizes AN-22 to AN-00 are made.
A modified Rayleigh conjecture for static problems

Abstract A modified Rayleigh conjecture (MRC) in scattering theory was proposed and justified by the author [A.G. Ramm, Modified Rayleigh conjecture and applications, J. Phys. A 35 (2002) L357–L361]. The MRC allows one to develop efficient numerical algorithms for solving boundary-value problems. It gives an error estimate for solutions. In this paper the MRC is formulated and proved for static problems.
The hematologic malignancies: Leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma

Many of the conceptual advances in the treatment of advanced cancer have resulted from studies of the hematologic malignancies: The signal importance of complete remission, the complete disappearance of evident disease, as the major contributor to significant palliation; the first studies of adjuvant therapy, that is chemotherapy given to patients free of disease, which demonstrated prolongation of disease-free periods; the first studies of intensification, including early, intermittent, and late; combination chemotherapy; and finally, the important observation that advanced metastatic malignancies can be cured were made in studies of these important diseases. Because of treatment advances that have occurred over the last 10 to 20 years, the majority of patients with adult hematologic malignancies that were once considered universally fatal can be either cured or have substantial palliation. Treatment for adult acute leukemia has advanced such that 15% to 20% of patients have prolonged disease and treatment-free survivorship; in Hodgkin's disease, over 70% of patients can be cured; and for the lymphomas, the majority or 50% to 60% of patients can be cured with available treatments. Major treatment advances in supportive treatment such as allogeneic transfusion and allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation improve the perspective for control of the hematologic malignancies. In addition, the potential for biologic response modifiers or the biologic products of normal cells that are normally involved in the regulation of both proliferation and differentiation show enormous potential for the treatment of advanced disease. Studies of interferon have shown promising early results in chronic granulocytic leukemia and in hairy cell leukemia. A new class of drugs, the acridine analogs, of which AMSA (4'-[9-acridinylamino]methanesulfon-M-anisidide) is a member, has been introduced and has established activity against acute leukemia. VP-16 (etoposide) has just become commercially available and is an important drug both in leukemia and lymphoma. Finally, the discovery of new knowledge about the biochemical pharmacology of drugs such as arabinosyl cytosine has offered a major advance in salvage treatment and the potential for substantial further improvement in the frontline management of these diseases. The rapid advances in both palliative and curative treatment for the hematologic malignancies have generally found broad application to the management of advanced cancer arising from other organ systems.
Reconcilable Differences: Conflict and Collegiality in a Unionized Community College Environment

Faculty unions are a prominent, though a comparatively recent, feature of American higher education. Today, a vast majority of community colleges have a unionized faculty. A number of researchers in the 1970s speculated that the presence of unions signaled the end of collegial shared governance and that interactions between administrators and unions would become increasingly adversarial. Subsequent experience suggests that the dire predictions were overblown. However, little institution-level research has been done to understand how unionization has affected academic governance. This study examines the governance system at a large, urban community college. The findings indicate that though at times relations are contentious, there are levels of conflict. Further there are a number of factors that tend to mitigate conflict and allow for collegial decision making. These include utilizing personal ties between members of the administration and the union, sharing data openly and also working together to colle...
An Elliptic Partial Differential Equation with a Symmetrical Almost Periodic Term

was studied, where h is an almost periodic (defined in a moment) function, and F : RN → R a “superquadratic” potential. That is, F (q) behaves like q to a power greater than 2, with F (q)/|q|2 → 0 as |q| → 0 and F (q)/|q|2 → ∞ as |q| → ∞. For example, F (q) = |q|p−1q with p > 1 would qualify. The authors found that (1.0) must have a nonzero solution homoclinic to zero. Since this result, many papers (see [CMN], [R1], and [ACM], for example) have been written concerning Hamiltonian systems with almost periodic terms. “Almost periodic” is defined for functions on RN (N > 1) and even on more general topological groups. Thus one can write a PDE version of (1.0),
Effect of heat treatment on the thermal diffusivity of an aluminosilicate fiber-reinforced carbon matrix

Abstract The effect of heat-treatment on the thermal diffusivity of an aluminosilicate fiber-reinforced carbon matrix was measured by the laser-flash method while the specimen was being heat treated. A permanent increase in thermal diffusivity was observed, which was attributed to the combined effects of structural modifications in the carbon at the atomic or molecular level, a change in the morphology of the pore phase within the carbon matrix, and possibly the crystallization of the fibers.
Decreased beta-adrenergic receptors in rat brain after chronic administration of the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor fluoxetine.

Fluoxetine, a novel antidepressant compound that potently and selectively inhibits serotonin uptake, was chronically administered to laboratory rats. Using in vitro receptor autoradiographic techniques, we found that the binding of [3H]-dihydroalprenolol ([3H]-DHA) decreased significantly in frontal cortex layers. Analysis of saturation experiments indicated that the reduction was due to a change in number but not affinity of [3H-DHA binding sites. The data support the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of most antidepressant compounds involves a change in beta-adrenergic receptor function.
Eleven years' experience with hyperthermic perfusion for melanoma of the extremities.

Since 1967, we have used a system of hyperthermic perfusion with melphalan to treat patients with melanoma of the extremities. This report presents additional follow-up data on 165 patients, first reported on in 1975, who underwent 185 perfusions. The 70 patients classified as stage I (Stehlin classification system) had a 5-year survival rate of 86.3%. The 5-year survival rate for the 73 patients with stage II and stage III disease was 52.5%. There was a dramatic increase in the 5-year survival rate for patients with stage IIIA disease, from 22.2% prior to the use of heat to 74% for 30 patients undergoing hyperthermic perfusion.
Both Apolipoprotein E and Immune Deficiency Exacerbate Neointimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury in Mice

In this study, we investigated the role of T and B lymphocytes in neointimal hyperplasia after endothelial denudation. Catheter-induced endothelial denudation of wild-type mice resulted in rapid infiltration of lymphocytes to the site of injury. Mice defective in recombination-activating gene 2 (RAG2−/−) showed increased neointimal formation 14 days after vascular injury in comparison to their wild-type immune-competent littermates. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the preponderance of smooth muscle cells and a significantly higher number of proliferating cells in the neointima of the RAG2−/− mice. The neointima size and the number of proliferating smooth muscle cells in the injured vessel of RAG2−/− mice were similar to those observed in the injured arteries of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient (apoE−/−) mice. Interestingly, mice with double apoE and RAG2 gene mutations (apoE−/− RAG2−/−) displayed similar neointimal characteristics as mice with a single gene defect, suggesting a similar mechanism for...
Tegument Proteins of Human Cytomegalovirus

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common, medically relevant human herpesvirus. The tegument layer of herpesvirus virions lies between the genome-containing capsids and the viral envelope. Proteins within the tegument layer of herpesviruses are released into the cell upon entry when the viral envelope fuses with the cell membrane. These proteins are fully formed and active and control viral entry, gene expression, and immune evasion. Most tegument proteins accumulate to high levels during later stages of infection, when they direct the assembly and egress of progeny virions. Thus, viral tegument proteins play critical roles at the very earliest and very last steps of the HCMV lytic replication cycle. This review summarizes HCMV tegument composition and structure as well as the known and speculated functions of viral tegument proteins. Important directions for future investigation and the challenges that lie ahead are identified and discussed.
Effect of Keyboard Ownership on Keyboard Performance in a Music Fundamentals Course.

This study examined whether requiring undergraduate college nonmusic majors, enrolled in a music fundamentals course, to own a keyboard would enhance their keyboard skills. The course included instruction in reading notation, singing and keyboard skills. There were two groups. One group (experimental) owned keyboards and had them accessible at their homes for practice, while the other group (contact-control) had to check out keyboards for use in the music building. Students' keyboard skills were tested three times. There was no significant difference in keyboard performance data between groups. There was also no significant difference in overall student achievement, which included music reading, singing, rhythm accuracy and keyboard skills. While one might assume that students having ready access to their own keyboard at home would increase the likelihood of practice and therefore enhance their keyboard performance, as well as other music skills, that was not the case in this study.
Stacking the Deck: Bureaucratic Missions and Policy Design

Empirical studies suggest that mission-oriented bureaucrats bias their design of program alternatives to increase the odds that a superior will choose the kind of program the officials want. However, political executives may anticipate this manipulation and try to reassert control. These struggles are examined in three models. In Model 1 a senior bureaucrat is interested only in missions; the bureaucrat's political superior controls him or her by rejecting inferior proposals and entertaining new options from other policy specialists. Model 2 is a principal-agent analysis. Here the official is interested only in budgets; the official's superior reduces search bias by creating an ex ante incentive scheme. In Model 3 the bureaucrat cares about both budgets and programs; the superior uses both his or her final review authority and ex ante incentives to reduce agenda manipulation. The models' contrasting implications for the political control of bureaucracy are examined.
The ZEUS calorimeter first level trigger

Abstract The design of the ZEUS Calorimeter First Level Trigger (CFLT) is presented. The CFLT utilizes a pipelined architecture to provide trigger data for a Global First Level Trigger decision 5 μs after each beam crossing, occurring every 96 ns. The charges from 13 K phototubes are summed into 1792 trigger tower pulseheights which are digitized by flash ADCs. The digital values are linearized, stored and used for sums and pattern tests. Summary data is forwarded to the Global First Level Trigger for each crossing 2 μs after the crossing occurred. The CFLT determines the total energy, the total transverse energy, the missing energy, and the energy and number of isolated electrons and muons. It also provides information on the electromagnetic and hadronic energy deposited in various regions of the calorimeter. The CFLT has kept the experimental trigger rate below ≈ 200 Hz at the highest luminosity experienced at HERA. Performance studies suggest that the CFLT will keep the trigger rate below 1 kHz against a rate of proton-beam gas interactions on the order of the 100 kHz expected at design luminosity.
Frequency and polarization transformer: A switched magnetoplasma medium in a cavity

When the medium surrounding a standing source wave in a cavity changes in time, interesting transformations happen: changes occur not only in amplitude and polarization of the wave, but also in its frequency. Such transformations are presented in detail in this talk. This theoretical and simulation (using FDTD) research is performed in a one-dimensional cavity that consists of two rectangular perfect electric conductor (PEC) plates, separated by a small distance. Initially an elliptically polarized standing wave is present the cavity and the medium is free space. The medium in the cavity is then converted to a lossy magnetoplasma with an arbitrary space and time profile. The case of longitudinal modes is considered. It is shown that the elliptically polarized source wave transforms into three circularly polarized waves, as a consequence of the medium change. It is further shown that each of the transformed waves has a unique frequency, amplitude and phase (with respect to the source wave). The case of switching-off of the static magnetic field, when the source wave is a whistler wave, can lead to a wiggler magnetic field. By an appropriate choice of the parameters, millimeter-wavelength wigglers can be achieved. The case of switching-off the plasma can lead to an increase of frequency by orders of magnitude Plasma parameters for converting a 10 GHZ input signal to a 500 GHz output signal of significant amplitude will be discussed.
Lymphangioma of the posterior mediastinum in an adult: diagnosis via cytopathologist-assisted fine-needle aspiration biopsy with cell block.

Lymphangiomas are uncommon in the posterior mediastinum. We report a case of a lymphangioma in this location that was diagnosed by computed tomographic-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The cell block of the lesion closely simulated a normal structure immediately adjacent to the target and could have been misdiagnosed as “normal tissue.” On-site evaluation of the aspirate by a cytopathologist promoted pathologist–radiologist communication that helped prevent the potential error and facilitated making the correct diagnosis in the case. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:412–415. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Extracavitary cardiac carcinoid presenting with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

A 67-year-old male with known metastatic carcinoid to the liver diagnosed 3 years earlier treated with somatostatin and hepatic artery embolization started developing dyspnoea and obstructive cardiac symptoms, and workup was suggestive of cardiac carcinoid. Transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed a 6 × 4 cm subpulmonic mass within the free wall of the right ventricle (RV) encroaching on the RV outflow tract (RVOT) without any valvular involvement ( Panel D ). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) showed a mass centred in the epicardial fat and RV free …
Will You Help Me Please? The Effects of Race, Gender and Manner of Dress on Retail Service

This research attempts to determine if a customer's visible physical characteristics influence retail service delivery. The results of this study suggest that black and male customers wait significantly longer than white and female customers at retail customer service counters. In addition, females are more likely to experience a positive transaction outcome than males.
Where did my signal go? A discussion of signal loss between the ATE and UUT

Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) is now testing Units Under Test (UUTs) with signals that operate with data rates of several gigabits per second. Therefore, the test engineer must understand and account for the signal degradation through the transmission path. These high-speed digital signals typically pass through a variety of transmission media between the input/output (I/O) buffers on the ATE to the I/O buffers on the UUT. This paper highlights several considerations for the test engineer who is creating the test and system setup for a multi-gigabit per second bus. The paper discusses the contributors to DC and AC signal loss as well as methods to help minimize these losses. The paper focuses on multi-gigabit applications with matched double terminated transmission lines, but also touches on slightly slower busses with other termination schemes.
Situating psychophysiological science within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) reflects a paradigm shift in mental health research aimed at establishing a science of psychopathology that is grounded in neuroscience. In many ways, the RDoC approach to research has been utilized for decades by psychophysiologists who have leveraged a range of biological measures to study variability in psychological processes as a function of individual differences. We highlight the critical role of psychophysiology in the era of RDoC, and briefly review the 13 papers and commentary that form the current special issue.
Nanoscale biocatalyst systems

Since the large-scale application of immobilized enzymes in the 1960s, substantial research efforts have aimed to optimize the structure of carrier materials for better catalytic efficiency. In this regard, nanoscale materials provide the upper limits in balancing the key factors that determine the efficiency of biocatalysts, including surface area, mass transfer resistance, and effective enzyme loading. Various nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes and nanoporous matrices, have shown potential for revolutionizing the preparation and use of biocatalysts. Beyond their high surface area:volume ratios, nanoscale biocatalyst systems exhibit unique behaviors that distinguish them from traditional immobilized systems. The Brownian motion of nanoparticles, confining effect of nanopores and self-assembling behaviors of discrete nanostructures are providing exciting opportunities in this field. The development of catalyst systems that are highly stable and efficient, capable of self-targeting or that function as molecular machines to catalyze multiple reactions is rapidly reshaping our vision of biocatalysts.
Qualitative vs. quantitative: myths of the culture and practical experience

In the "Western" cultures of business and science, there is an interesting and arguably irrational belief that quantitative measures are in all cases superior to qualitative measures. The consequences of this belief are more than an epistemological curiosity; the resulting over-reliance on quantitative measurement and undervaluation of qualitative reasoning can be measured in the tens of millions and tens of billions of dollars. The author argues that a "science of qualities" can help guide researchers and practitioners in a wide variety of fields to make, record, share, and compare observations that are, under some circumstances, as reliable, as valid, and possibly much more appropriate than purely quantitative measures.
Treatment of Significant Bacterial Infections in Adults with Cefoxitin

Cefoxitin is a new antimicrobial agent derived from cephamycin C. Fifty-four hospitalized patients with 63 clinically significant infections were treated with cefoxitin. Fifty-four infections (86%) were cured by therapy with cefoxitin alone or together with local therapy (i.e., heat, elevation, or surgical drainage). Six infections (10%) were not eradicated by the therapy used. Three patients could not be evaluated. Addition of oral probenecid therapy produced increases in levels of cefoxitin in serum and increased the inhibitory and bactericidal levels of cefoxitin in serum to more favorable ratios. Adverse side effects were seen in 19 patients and included positive direct Coombs' tests, increased eosinophil counts, skin rashes, vasculitis, phlebitis, elevation of liver enzymes, and drug-induced fever.
The skeleton of tropical intraseasonal oscillations

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of variability in the tropical atmosphere on intraseasonal timescales and planetary spatial scales. Despite the primary importance of the MJO and the decades of research progress since its original discovery, a generally accepted theory for its essential mechanisms has remained elusive. Here, we present a minimal dynamical model for the MJO that recovers robustly its fundamental features (i.e., its “skeleton”) on intraseasonal/planetary scales: (i) the peculiar dispersion relation of dω/dk ≈ 0, (ii) the slow phase speed of ≈5 m/s, and (iii) the horizontal quadrupole vortex structure. This is accomplished here in a model that is neutrally stable on planetary scales; i.e., it is tacitly assumed that the primary instabilities occur on synoptic scales. The key premise of the model is that modulations of synoptic scale wave activity are induced by low-level moisture preconditioning on planetary scales, and they drive the “skeleton” of the MJO through modulated heating. The “muscle” of the MJO—including tilts, vertical structure, etc.—is contributed by other potential upscale transport effects from the synoptic scales.
Experiencing a Forced Relocation at Different Life Stages The Effects of China’s Three Gorges Project–induced Relocation on Depression

Guided by the life course perspective and the stress severity perspective, this study aims to evaluate the question: Does the Three Gorges Project–induced relocation affect people of different ages...
Melt pool temperature modeling and control for Laser Metal Deposition processes

Melt pool temperature is of great importance to deposition quality in Laser Metal Deposition processes. To control the melt pool temperature, an empirical process model describing the relation between the temperature and laser power, powder flow rate, and traverse speed is established and verified experimentally. A general tracking controller using the Internal Model Principle is then designed. To examine the controller performance, two experiments tracking a constant temperature reference and a time varying reference are conducted. The results are compared to open-loop experiments where the laser power profile is derived directly from the model. The results show the melt pool temperature controller performs well in tracking both constant and time varying references and that the closed-loop control system greatly reduces the tracking errors.