cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shallow seismic reflection profiles and geological structure in the Benton Hills, southeast Missouri

Abstract During late May and early June of 1993, we conducted two shallow, high-resolution seismic reflection surveys (Mini-Sosie method) across the southern escarpment of the Benton Hills segment of Crowleys Ridge. The reflection profiles imaged numerous post-late Cretaceous faults and folds. We believe these faults may represent a significant earthquake source zone. The stratigraphy of the Benton Hills consists of a thin, less than about 130 m, sequence of mostly unconsolidated Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary sediments which uncomfortably overlie a much thicker section of Paleozoic carbonate rocks. The survey did not resolve reflectors within the upper 75–100 ms of two-way travel time (about 60–100 m), which would include all of the Tertiary and Quaternary and most of the Cretaceous. However, the Paleozoic-Cretaceous unconformity (Pz) produced an excellent reflection, and locally a shallower reflector within the Cretaceous (K) was resolved. No coherent reflections below about 200 ms of two-way travel time were identified. Numerous faults and folds, which clearly offset the Paleozoic-Cretaceous unconformity reflector, were imaged on both seismic reflection profiles. Many structures imaged by the reflection data are coincident with the surface mapped locations of faults within the Cretaceous and Tertiary succession. Two locations show important structures that are clearly complex fault zones. The English Hill fault zone, striking N30°–35°E, is present along Line 1 and is important because earlier workers indicated it has Pleistocene Loess faulted against Eocene sands. The Commerce fault zone striking N50°E, overlies a major regional basement geophysical lineament, and is present on both seismic lines at the southern margin of the escarpment. The fault zones imaged by these surveys are 30 km from the area of intense microseismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). If these are northeast and north-northeast oriented fault zones like those at Thebes Gap they are favorably oriented in the modern stress field to be reactivated as right-lateral strike slip faults. Currently, earthquake hazards assessments are most dependent upon historical seismicity, and there are little geological data available to evaluate the earthquake potential of fault zones outside of the NMSZ. We anticipate that future studies will provide evidence that seismicity has migrated between fault zones well beyond the middle Mississippi Valley. The potential earthquake hazards represented by faults outside the NMSZ may be significant.
An Indirect Test for a Role of the Synaptonemal Complex in the Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesiveness

The meiotic behavior of a special maize trisome was quantitatively observed at pachytene, metaphase I, anaphase I, prophase II, metaphase II and anaphase II. The data obtained are consistent with (but do not prove) the model that sister chromatid cohesiveness at anaphase I may be established during pachytene synapsis of the chromosome regions involved. The data suggest, however, that the normal prophase II maintenance of dyad integrity by cohesiveness of sister chromatid centromere regions does not depend upon prior synapsis of these regions, although monads separated from each other on the anaphase I spindle may be delivered to the same prophase II daughter nucleus. — The strands which some of the time connect sister chromatids which are separating equationally at anaphase I show a positive Feulgen staining reaction.
Strategies for minimizing 60 Hz pickup during evoked potential recording

Electrical interference at mains power supply frequency can adversely affect the recording of evoked potentials and can be especially destructive in an operating room setting. We investigated 60 Hz interference in electrode cables running from subject to preamplifier and further examined methods to eliminate such interference. We conclude that braiding electrode wires is highly efficacious in such interference reduction, presumably by reducing the magnetic flux enclosed by the wires. We further indicate that the use of flexible metal hose fabricated from Permalloy 80 may effect further interference reduction.
Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae in cattery cats: Association with cattery hygiene and flea infestation

Summary We attempted to determine what factors were common to catteries with high Bartonella henselae antibody prevalence compared with catteries with low prevalence, in order to contribute to better guidelines for the choice of a safe pet cat. The overall seroprevalence in 11 catteries from diverse geographical locations in North America in the present study was 35.8%. There was evidence of B. henselae exposure in all 11 homes tested, with 5 catteries being heavily infected. The distribution of B. henselae exposure was bimodal in catteries: either most or all cats in the home had been exposed, or very few or no cats had been exposed. Prevalence per home was also correlated with the home mean antibody titre. Flea infestation was the most important risk factor for high B. henselae seroprevalence in the catteries we surveyed. Individual cat titres were comparable for male and female cats, cats of various ages, and cats with concurrent infectious diseases. There was no association of B. henselae with cattery...
Comparison of Alkylnitronaphthalenes Formed in NO3 and OH Radical-Initiated Chamber Reactions with those Observed in Ambient Air

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are potential human carcinogens and it has been postulated that their abundance profiles in ambient air in polluted urban areas are influenced...
Carbohydrate dramatically influences immune reactivity of antisera to viral glycoprotein antigens

Analysis of the ability of heteroantisera, monoclonal antibodies, and antibodies to synthetic peptides to react with viral glycoproteins deglycosylated with endoglycosidase F revealed that the reactivities of most of the antibodies to these glycoprotein antigens were influenced by the attached carbohydrate moieties. All heteroantisera prepared in rabbits or goats to either fully glycosylated retroviruses or influenza virus were virtually unreactive toward the viral glycoproteins after carbohydrate removal. Analyses with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to purified Rauscher murine leukemia virus gp70 indicated that the reactivity of most of these antibodies improved while the reactivity of others decreased or remain unchanged after carbohydrate removal. Most of the antibodies to synthetic peptide sequences in the influenza virus hemagglutinin also improved in reactivity after carbohydrate removal. These data indicate that carbohydrate side chains on viral glycoproteins influence the immune response to these antigens, and the more native the glycoprotein immunogen, the more dramatic the carbohydrate influence. Thus the immune response to these glycoproteins is not simply a function of the immunogenicity of certain domains over others but rather is a direct measure of carbohydrate influences on the host's perception of the foreign antigen.
Additive manufacturing of Ti-Si-N ceramic coatings on titanium

Abstract In this study, Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENSTM) was employed towards Additive Manufacturing/3D Printing of Ti-Si-N coatings with three different Ti-Si ratios on commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) substrate. Microstructural analysis, phase analysis using X-ray diffraction, wear resistance and hardness measurements were done on LENS™ processed 3D printed coatings. Coatings showed graded microstructures and in situ formed phases. Results showed that microstructural variations and phase changes influence coating's hardness and wear resistance directly. High hardness values were obtained from all samples’ top surface where the hardness of coatings can be ranked as 90% Ti-10% Si-N coating (2093.67 ± 144 HV0.2) > 100% Ti-N coating (1846 ± 68.5 HV0.2) > 75% Ti-25% Si-N coating (1375.3 ± 61.4 HV0.2). However, wear resistance was more dependent on inherent Si content, and samples with higher Si content showed better wear resistance.
High‐performance thermoplastic toughened BMI matrix system. II. Interface study

Bis-maleimide (BMI) has recently attracted condsiderable attention as an important matrix resin for high-performance composites, due to its outstanding high-temperature performance. First-generation BMI is too brittle for primary strauture. Our toughening approach began by dissolving PEI (polyetherimide) into compatible dially compound (Matrimid 5292 B, Ciba Geigy) prior to coreaction with BMI resin. In this note, the toughness and interface properties were investigated for the toughened matrix system.
Costs and limits of phenotypic plasticity: Tests with predator-induced morphology and life history in a freshwater snail

Potential constraints on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity were tested using data from a previous study on predator-induced morphology and life history in the freshwater snail Physa heterostropha. The benefit of plasticity can be reduced if facultative development is associated with energetic costs, developmental instability, or an impaired developmental range. I examined plasticity in two traits for 29 families of P. heterostropha to see if it was associated with growth rate or fecundity, within-family phenotypic variance, or the potential to produce extreme phenotypes. Support was found for only one of the potential constraints. There was a strong negative selection gradient for growth rate associated with plasticity in shell shape (β = −0.3, P < 0.0001). This result was attributed to a genetic correlation between morphological plasticity and an antipredator behavior that restricts feeding. Thus, reduced growth associated with morphological plasticity may have had unmeasured fitness benefits. The growth reduction, therefore, is equivocal as a cost of plasticity. Using different fitness components (e.g., survival, fecundity, growth) to seek constraints on plasticity will yield different results in selection gradient analyses. Procedural and conceptual issues related to tests for costs and limits of plasticity are discussed, such as whether constraints on plasticity will be evolutionarily ephemeral and difficult to detect in nature.
Complex Domain Chemical Process Simulation in Theory and in Practice

This paper contains a review of chemical process simulation in the complex domain. The current theoretical framework and computational results for both steady-state and dynamical simulation are surveyed. In addition, issues related to process feasibility and infeasibility are discussed as are the advantages and disadvantages of complex domain process simulation. Numerical applications present in the literature are surveyed and developmental needs for the next generation of complex domain process simulators are suggested.
MMPI Profiles of Rheumatic Fever Adolescents and Adults.

MMPI elevations for adolescent and adult groups (N = 162) who had experienced rheumatic fever (RF) were generally lower than Mayo Clinic norms, particularly on scales K, 1, 2, 3, and 6. Significant age effects on Scales F, 3, 4, 8, and 9 confirm previous findings that adolescent groups score higher on the MMPI. Contrary to expectation, patients who had not experienced carditis as part of their RF scored significantly higher than carditis patients on scales 2, 3, and 4. The results are discussed from a chronic disease perspective.
Quasiparticle-energy distributions in optically illuminated Al-PbBi superconducting tunnel junctions

Nonequilibrium quasiparticle-energy distributions in weakly illuminated aluminum--aluminum-oxide--lead-bismuth tunnel junctions are obtained from current-voltage characteristics. A highly accurate method of unfolding I(V) to deduce f(E) is presented which is applicable for asymmetric-tunnel-junction analysis. Illumination from either side of the tunnel junction was performed, with differing resulting tunneling behavior. The unfolded results in both cases are in good agreement with a T* description of the nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution on the aluminum side.
Multifaceted role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srs2 helicase in homologous recombination regulation

Homologous recombination (HR) is a major pathway for the elimination of DNA DSBs (double-strand breaks) induced by high-energy radiation and chemicals, or that arise due to endogenous damage and stalled DNA replication forks. If not processed properly, DSBs can lead to cell death, chromosome aberrations and tumorigenesis. Even though HR is important for genome maintenance, it can also interfere with other DNA repair mechanisms and cause gross chromosome rearrangements. In addition, HR can generate DNA or nucleoprotein intermediates that elicit prolonged cell-cycle arrest and sometimes cell death. Genetic analyses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have revealed a central role of the Srs2 helicase in preventing untimely HR events and in inhibiting the formation of potentially deleterious DNA structures or nucleoprotein complexes upon DNA replication stress. Paradoxically, efficient repair of DNA DSBs by HR is dependent on Srs2. In this paper, we review recent molecular studies aimed at deciphering the multifaceted role of Srs2 in HR and other cellular processes. These studies have provided critical insights into how HR is regulated in order to preserve genomic integrity and promote cell survival.
Detection of AuF by emission spectroscopy in a hollow cathode discharge

Abstract The emission spectrum of AuF, produced in a hollow cathode discharge, is recorded over the wavelength range from 350 to 650 nm. By comparison with density functional theory calculations, including relativistic corrections, and using the known spectrum and DFT calculations for the low-lying electronic states of CuF, the three AuF bands are assigned to vibrational transitions involving the lowest energy 1 Σ + and 1 Π excited states. Spectral assignments differ from those previously reported.
Not Expecting the Unexpected: Diacylglycerol Kinase Alpha as a Cancer Target

Summary: In this issue of Cancer Discovery , Dominguez and colleagues identify diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα), an enzyme that converts the membrane lipid diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid, as a central node upstream of mTOR and other oncogenic pathways. Importantly, targeting DGKα causes apoptosis in cancer cells and tumor growth inhibition in mice with no overt toxicity, implicating DGKα as a novel cancer-specific target. Cancer Discov; 3(7); 726–7. ©2013 AACR . See related article by Dominguez et al., [p. 782][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/3/782?iss=7
An Investigation of Adherence to Diagnostic Criteria, Revisited: Clinical Diagnosis of the DSM-IV/DSM-5 Section II Personality Disorders

In an initial investigation by Morey and Ochoa (1989), adherence to DSM-III personality disorder diagnostic criteria was examined as an agreement rate between clinician (global) diagnoses and diagnoses algorithmically generated from DSM-III criteria rules. Morey and Ochoa (1989) findings suggested significant clinician-criterion diagnostic incongruity, a result that cross-validated in a DSM-III-R replication performed by Blashfield and Herkov (1996). The current study examined such adherence, utilizing DSM-IV decision rules, in a national sample of 337 clinicians and their target patients. The results of the current study are largely consistent with the earlier findings, with clinician-criterion agreement rates comparable to those commonly reported for interdiagnostician reliability. Ramifications for the future of personality disorder diagnostic classification are discussed.
The design of DEETM: A framework for dynamic energy efficiency and temperature management

While technology is delivering increasingly sophisticated and powerful chip designs, it is also imposing alarmingly high energy requirements on the chips. One way to address this problem is to manage the energy dynamically. Unfortunately, current dynamic schemes for energy management are relatively limited. In addition, they manage energy either for energy efficiency or for temperature control, but not for both simultaneously. In this paper, we design and evaluate for the first time an energy-management framework that tackles both energy efficiency and temperature control in a unified manner. We call this general approach Dynamic Energy Efficiency and Temperature Management (DEETM). Our framework combines several energy-management techniques and can activate them individually or in groups in a fine-grained manner according to a given policy. The goal of the framework is two-fold: maximize energy savings without extending application execution time beyond a given tolerable limit, and guarantee that the temperature remains below a given limit while minimizing any resulting slowdown. The framework successfully meets these goals. For example, it delivers a 40% energy reduction with a 10% application slowdown.
Analysis of Electrostatic Effects on the Success of Retroviral-Mediated Gene Delivery

Recombinant retroviruses are a commonly used gene delivery tool in human gene therapy clinical trials as they permanently integrate the therapeutic DNA into the genome of the target cell. Despite their widespread use, however, retroviral gene transfer efficiencies remain disappointingly low. In the years since their initial development as vectors, it has become clear that the physicochemical properties of the recombinant retrovirus, as well as the properties of the target tissue, have a major impact on the success of gene transfer. In particular, the interaction between the native negative charge present on the vector and target cell membranes results in a significant electrostatic barrier which must be overcome in order for the transduction process to begin. Using a recently developed retrovirus adsorption assay, we have demonstrated that this electrostatic interaction is the dominant interaction during the initial steps of transduction. We have also established that cationic polymers enhance adsorption, and ostensibly transduction, by neutralizing this electrostatic barrier. Interestingly, we also found that this enhanced adsorption could be demonstrated even in the absence of a cellular receptor for the virus, suggesting that the first step of transduction does not involve binding of the virus to currently identified receptors, but is either a non-specific adsorption process or involves binding to an, as of yet, uncharacterized class of receptor. Based upon our finding that virus adsorption is non-gp70 mediated, we propose a new physical model of this initial step of transduction which is diffusion-limited, receptor and envelope independent, and modulable by positively charged compounds. Our findings may have significant implications for other gene and drug delivery systems which interact directly with target tissues at the level of the cell membrane.
Inhalation of hazardous air pollutants from environmental tobacco smoke in US residences

In the United States, 48 million adults smoke 3.5-5 x 10(11) cigarettes/year. Many cigarettes are smoked in private residences, causing regular environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure to roughly 31 million nonsmokers (11% of the US population), including 16 million juveniles. (Upper bound estimates are 53 million exposed nonsmokers including 28 million juveniles.) ETS contains many chemical species whose industrial emissions are regulated by the US federal government as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). In this paper, average daily residential exposures to and intakes of 16 HAPs in ETS are estimated for US nonsmokers who live with smokers. The evaluation is based on material-balance modeling; utilizes published data on smoking habits, demographics, and housing; and incorporates newly reported exposure-relevant emission factors. The ratio of estimated average exposure concentrations to reference concentrations is close to or greater than one for acrolein, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, and formaldehyde, indicating potential for concern regarding noncancer health effects from chronic exposures. In addition, lifetime cancer risks from residential ETS exposure are estimated to be substantial ( approximately 2-500 per million) for each of five known or probable human carcinogens: acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, benzene, acrylonitrile, and 1,3-butadiene. Cumulative population intakes from residential ETS are compared for six key compounds against ambient sources of exposure. ETS is found to be a dominant source of environmental inhalation intake for acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene. It is an important cause of intake for acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde, and a significant contributor to intake for benzene.
Cyclone Interactions and Evolutions during the ``Perfect Storms'' of Late October and Early November 1991

AbstractThis paper examines the cyclogenesis of the “Perfect Storms” of late October and early November 1991 over the North Atlantic and focuses on the influence of Hurricane Grace (HG) toward their development. The two storms considered are the “Perfect Storm” (PS) that underwent a warm seclusion process and an extratropical cyclone (EC1) with two development phases. HG, which initially formed via tropical transition (TT), influenced the first phase of EC1 via reduced atmospheric static stability and enhanced low-level baroclinicity. As a result, deep moist convection and latent heat release produced maxima in midtropospheric diabatic heating and lower-tropospheric potential vorticity (PV) that aided the development of EC1. Backward air parcel trajectories and large diabatic contributions to eddy available potential energy (APE) generation suggests that EC1 developed as a diabatic Rossby vortex (DRV)-like feature.The second and explosively deepening phase of EC1 occurred as the cyclone coupled with an up...
Oxidation Kinetics of Chemically Vapor‐Deposited Silicon Carbide in Wet Oxygen

The oxidation kinetics of chemically vapor-deposited SiC in dry oxygen and wet oxygen (P(sub H2O) = 0.1 atm) at temperatures between 1200 C and 1400 C were monitored using thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that in a clean environment, 10% water vapor enhanced the oxidation kinetics of SiC only very slightly compared to rates found in dry oxygen. Oxidation kinetics were examined in terms of the Deal and Grove model for oxidation of silicon. It was found that in an environment containing even small amounts of impurities, such as high-purity Al2O3 reaction tubes containing 200 ppm Na, water vapor enhanced the transport of these impurities to the oxidation sample. Oxidation rates increased under these conditions presumably because of the formation of less protective sodium alumino-silicate scales.
Economic benefit of fertility control in wild horse populations

Abstract I projected costs for several contraceptive treatments that could be used by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to manage 4 wild horse (Equus caballus) populations. Potential management alternatives included existing roundup and selective removal methods combined with contraceptives of different duration and effectiveness. I projected costs for a 20-year economic life using the WinEquus© wild horse population model and state-by-state cost estimates reflecting BLM's operational expenses. Findings revealed that 1) currently available 2-year contraceptives in most situations are capable of reducing variable operating costs by 15%, 2) experimental 3-year contraceptives may be capable of reducing costs by 18%, and 3) combining contraceptives with modest changes to herd sex ratio (e.g., 55–60% M) could trim costs by 30%. Predicted savings can increase when contraception is applied in conjunction with a removal policy that targets horses aged 0–4 years instead of 0–5 years. However, reductions in herd ...
Anthracycline associated cardiotoxicity in survivors of childhood cancer

The development of effective antineoplastic therapies for childhood cancer is a great success in modern medicine. Five year survival rates of children diagnosed with cancer in the USA and Western Europe in excess of 70% make long term survivors of childhood cancer a steadily increasing population. Although there is much to celebrate, new challenges lie ahead in treating the systemic sequelae of chemotherapy.1 Results from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) showed that 30 years after treatment, the cumulative incidence of chronic health conditions in long term survivors reaches 73%, with a cumulative incidence of 42% for severe, disabling, or life threatening conditions or death.2 Severe conditions, that are significantly more common in childhood cancer survivors than in their siblings, include: major joint replacement (relative risk (RR) 54.0), congestive heart failure (RR 15.1), second malignant neoplasm (RR 14.8), severe cognitive dysfunction (RR 10.5), coronary artery disease (RR 10.4), cerebrovascular accident (RR 9.3), and renal failure (RR 8.9).2 Previous CCSS results found that patients who had survived at least 5 years after diagnosis had 10.8-fold increased rates of all cause mortality.3 The standardised mortality ratio for cardiac causes was 8.2 times higher than expected and the cumulative probability of cardiac death increased 15–25 years after cancer diagnosis. A similar study in a large Nordic cohort documented a standardised mortality ratio of 5.8 for cardiac death and elevated rates of sudden, presumed arrhythmic, deaths.4 Chief among adverse late effects is the cardiovascular toxicity of anthracyclines.5–11 Unfortunately, despite well documented dose related toxicity, the superior disease-free survival rates of regimens including anthracyclines leave limited viable treatment alternatives and the majority of long term paediatric cancer survivors in the Pediatric Oncology Group received an anthracycline during treatment.12 ### Mechanism of cardiotoxicity Several cytotoxic biochemical changes follow anthracycline exposure in …
Efficacy of doripenem and ertapenem against KPC-2-producing and non-KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with similar MICs

Results: Consistent with the observed MICs, treatment with ertapenem resulted in minimal activity against all isolates tested. When comparing the activity of doripenem between the KPC and non-KPC producers with doripenem MICs of 8 mg/L, significantly better activity was noted for the non-KPC producer (P,0.001). Likewise, when comparing the two KPC-producing isolates with doripenem MICs of 24 mg/L and .32 mg/L with the non-KPC producer with an MIC of 32 mg/L, significantly greater activity was noted for the non-KPC producer (P,0.001). Conclusions: When doripenem MICs were similar, activity was greater for non-KPC-producing isolates when compared with KPC producers. While the in vitro MIC is typically the sole method utilized to aid in drug selection, these data suggest that the genetic driver behind these MICs may also play a role in predicting in vivo activity.
Discovering Frequent Patterns of Functional Associations in Protein Interaction Networks for Function Prediction

Predicting function from protein interaction networks has been challenging because of the intricate functional relationships among proteins. Most of the previous function prediction methods depend on the neighborhood of or the connected paths to known proteins, and remain low in accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for function prediction by detecting frequent patterns of functional associations in a protein interaction network. A set of functions that a protein performs is assigned into the corresponding node as a label. A functional association pattern is then represented as a labeled subgraph. Our FASPAM (frequent functional association pattern mining) algorithm efficiently finds the patterns that occur frequently in the network. It iteratively increases the size of frequent patterns by one node at a time by selective joining, and simplifies the network by a priori pruning. Using the yeast protein interaction network extracted from DIP, the FASPAM algorithm found more than 1,400 frequent patterns. By leave-one-out cross validation, our algorithm predicted functions from the frequent patterns with the accuracy of 86%, which is higher than the results from most previous methods.
Design'Build for Water'Wastewater Facilities: State of the Industry Survey and Three Case Studies

Documented successes of innovative delivery methods and recent changes in procurement laws are enabling water and wastewater utility owners to use alternative delivery methods for the construction of new facilities and the expansion of existing facilities. This shift toward alternative project delivery systems, such as design/build, has resulted in demand for additional guidance for owners and practitioners. This paper provides the results of an industrywide survey and three in-depth case studies. The survey results indicate large-scale growth in the use of design/build project delivery for water and wastewater facilities throughout the United States. The findings from the case studies indicate that common practices exist with regard to selecting a delivery system, contracting, allocating risk, evaluating proposals, determining the level of design in the request for proposals, using consultants, establishing trust, identifying key players, and permitting. These results serve as best practices for owners and practitioners using design/build delivery for the first time.
Data Warehousing Infusion and Organizational Effectiveness

Data warehousing (DW) has emerged as one of the most powerful technology innovations in recent years to support organization-wide decision making and has become a key component in the information technology (IT) infrastructure. Proponents of DW claim that its infusion can dramatically enhance the ability of businesses to improve the access, distribution, and sharing of information and provide managerial decision support for complex business questions. DW is also an enabling technology for data mining, customer-relationship management, and other business-intelligence applications. Although data warehouses have been around for quite some time, they have been plagued by high failure rates and limited spread or use. Drawing upon past research on the adoption and diffusion of innovations and on the implementation of information systems (IS), we examine the key organizational and innovation factors that influence the infusion (diffusion) of DW within organizations and also examine if more extensive infusion leads to improved organizational outcomes. In this paper, we conducted a field study, where two senior managers (one from IS and the other from a line function) from 117 companies participated, and developed a structural model to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that four of the seven variables examined in this paper-organizational support, quality of the project management process, compatibility, and complexity-significantly influence the degree of infusion of DW and that the infusion, in turn, significantly influences organization-level benefits and stakeholder satisfaction. The findings of this paper have interesting implications for both research and practice in IT and DW infusion, as well as in the organization-level impact of the infusion of enterprise-wide infrastructural and decision support technologies such as DW.
Online path planning under uncertainty

The authors deal with an online planning algorithm. The work is motivated by robot navigation and manipulation tasks in unstructured, dynamic environments. It is assumed that sensory information is incomplete and must be expanded and/or redefined by active sensing during an exploratory motion phase. Candidate targets are modeled as attractors, while obstacles are modeled as repellers. Path planning is reduced to an iterative Newton scheme that can readily adapt to changes in the environment and to new sensory information. Julia sets are used to detect and avoid chaotic convergence. >
Topology-related effects of Gated-V dd and Gated-V ss techniques on full-adder leakage and delay at 65nm and 45 nm

Full-adders are used extensively in most types of digital computing systems. Any design decision made at the full-adder level is likely to have a significant impact on the speed or power consumption of the entire digital system. In this paper, we study how various full-adder topologies are affected by the Gated-Vdd and Gated-Vss techniques at 65 nm and 45 nm, from a leakage power-delay perspective. We observed that most of the circuits studied resulted in leakage-current savings of more than 80% with Gated-Vdd, incurring a small delay penalty. Delay penalty in case of Gated-Vdd is more that of Gated-Vss. In Gated-Vss, there is a wide variation in leakage power between the topologies studied.
Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone machinery is involved in the assembly of the purinosome

The de novo biosynthesis of purines is carried out by a highly conserved metabolic pathway that includes several validated targets for anticancer, immunosuppressant, and anti-inflammatory chemotherapeutics. The six enzymes in humans that catalyze the 10 chemical steps from phosphoribosylpyrophosphate to inosine monophosphate were recently shown to associate into a dynamic multiprotein complex called the purinosome. Here, we demonstrate that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and several cochaperones functionally colocalize with this protein complex. Knockdown of expression levels of the identified cochaperones leads to disruption of purinosomes. In addition, small molecule inhibitors of Hsp90 and Hsp70 reversibly disrupt purinosomes and are shown to have a synergistic effect with methotrexate, an anticancer agent that targets purine biosynthesis. These data implicate the Hsp90/Hsp70 chaperone machinery in the assembly of the purinosome and provide a strategy for the development of improved anticancer therapies that disrupt purine biosynthesis.
Effect of acute hypoxia on phosphate excretion in rats

This study evaluated the effect of acute hypoxia on renal handling of phosphate in rats in the presence and absence of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Hypoxia causes respiratory alkalosis in spontaneously breathing humans and animals. Respiratory alkalosis has been reported to induce a blunted phosphaturic response to PTH. In this study, to avoid the confounding effect of hypocapnia accompanying the hypoxia on phosphate excretion, the rats were ventilated mechanically, and arterial PCO2 levels were controlled. Rats were divided into two main groups depending on the arterial PO2 levels: a hypoxic group (n = 16) and a normoxic group (n = 18). Hypoxia was produced by ventilating with 10% oxygen, and hypocapnia was produced by hyperventilation. In response to PTH, the hypoxic rats without hypocapnia showed a greater increase in fractional excretion of phosphate (FEPi; 37.7 +/- 2.6%, mean +/- SE) compared with normoxic rats (27.4 +/- 2.5%, P < 0.02). During hypocapnia, there was no difference in FEPi between hypoxic and normoxic groups (21.2 +/- 1.5 and 19.5 +/- 1.2%, respectively), and both groups showed a significantly blunted phosphaturic response to PTH compared with normocapnia (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Urinary adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) increased similarly after PTH infusion between each group. To test whether the phosphaturic effect of PTH in hypoxia and the blunted phosphaturic effect of PTH in hypocapnia are due to steps beyond the generation of cAMP, the phosphaturic response to cAMP infusion was evaluated in 1) hypoxic and normocapnic rats (n = 6), 2) normoxic and normocapnic (control) rats (n = 6), and 3) normoxic and hypocapnic rats (n = 7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Understanding and beliefs about smart energy technology

Abstract The smart grid has been hailed for its potential to address a wide range of problems with current electricity infrastructure, with improvements expected in consumer awareness of energy use, energy efficiency, renewable energy distribution, and reliability of service. Some estimates suggest that the smart grid could reduce global carbon dioxide emissions by more than 2%. However, a vocal minority has expressed concerns about the health, privacy, and cost impacts of the smart grid. Here we use a convenience sample of online respondents to quantitatively examine the American lay public's level of knowledge about smart meters and the smart grid and show that a majority of respondents are wholly unfamiliar with smart energy technology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, in contrast to information-deficit model expectations, knowledge of and exposure to smart meters do not necessarily lead to acceptance. On the contrary, knowledge and exposure is associated with increased concerns about negative impacts of these technologies. Implications for smart grid policy interventions are discussed.
The Neuropathogenesis of Delirium: A Need to Focus Our Research

Delirium symptoms suggest dysfunction of multiple brain regions. However, little is known about delirium's underlxing neuropathogenesis. This article addresses the need for research on neuroanatomic and neuropathophysiologic underpinnings of delirium, analogous to that of schizophrenia and affective disorders. Electrophysiologic tests, structural and functional brain imaging, and neurotransmitter studies in delirium are critically reviewed. The importance of both cerebral cortical and subcortical areas is noted, with emphasis on frontal, right-hemisphere, and sub-cortical regions, including caudate and anteromedial thalamus. Each symptom of delirium can be viewed from a neuroanatomic and neurochemical perspective. Recommendations for research are made throughout the article.
Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy Reconsidered

Is presidentialism harmful to democratic consolidation? Despite two decades of investigation, the empirical results are mixed. In contributing to this debate, I propose that democratic breakdown must be understood as a two-step process, from democratic crisis to democratic breakdown. I argue that presidentialism generates political instability through its institutions, which are associated with the emergence of democratic crisis, but presidentialism does not lead a democracy from democratic crisis to democratic breakdown. Using data covering all democratic regimes from 1946 to 2008, I demonstrate that presidential democracies are more likely to encounter crises than parliamentary or semi-presidential democracies. But once a crisis is present, presidentialism does not lead to a greater likelihood of breakdown. Therefore, the findings suggest that Juan Linz was correct about presidentialism generating unstable democracies, but this process does not occur in the way he theorized.
Initiating a watch list for Ebola virus antibody escape mutations

The 2014 Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa is the largest in recorded history and resulted in over 11,000 deaths. It is essential that strategies for treatment and containment be developed to avoid future epidemics of this magnitude. With the development of vaccines and antibody-based therapies using the envelope glycoprotein (GP) of the 1976 Mayinga strain, one important strategy is to anticipate how the evolution of EBOV might compromise these efforts. In this study we have initiated a watch list of potential antibody escape mutations of EBOV by modeling interactions between GP and the antibody KZ52. The watch list was generated using molecular modeling to estimate stability changes due to mutation. Every possible mutation of GP was considered and the list was generated from those that are predicted to disrupt GP-KZ52 binding but not to disrupt the ability of GP to fold and to form trimers. The resulting watch list contains 34 mutations (one of which has already been seen in humans) at six sites in the GP2 subunit. Should mutations from the watch list appear and spread during an epidemic, it warrants attention as these mutations may reflect an evolutionary response from the virus that could reduce the effectiveness of interventions such as vaccination. However, this watch list is incomplete and emphasizes the need for more experimental structures of EBOV interacting with antibodies in order to expand the watch list to other epitopes. We hope that this work provokes experimental research on evolutionary escape in both Ebola and other viral pathogens.
Abstract 325: Splice isoform switching: A new mechanism controlling EMT and breast cancer progression

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a tightly regulated process that is critical for embryogenesis. When abnormally activated, EMT promotes cancer metastasis and recurrence. Here we show that splice isoform switching constitutes a novel mechanism that controls EMT. We identified a shift in CD44 expression from variant isoforms (CD44v) to the standard isoform (CD44s) during EMT. This isoform switch to CD44s, which is regulated at the level of alternative splicing, is essential for cells to undergo EMT and is required for the formation of breast tumors that display EMT characteristics in mice. We demonstrate that the splicing factor ESRP1 controls the CD44 isoform switch and is critical for regulating the EMT phenotype. Furthermore, the CD44s isoform activates Akt signaling and inhibits cell death, providing a mechanistic link to a key pathway that drives EMT. Finally, CD44s expression is upregulated in high-grade human breast tumors and correlates with the level of the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin in these tumors. Together, these data suggest that regulation of CD44 alternative splicing causally contributes to EMT and breast cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 325. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-325
Nonstationary chaos - An experiment with the moon chaotic beam

Previous studies have shown that applying a sinusoidal input force independent of time to an oscillating beam with nonlinear boundary conditions (stoppers) have produced stationary chaos. The main purpose of this research is to find the effects that time varying inputs (parameters) have on stationary chaos. To accomplish this, linear nonstatiorvary forcing frequencies Q(t) = £}<, + yt (7 is the constant sweep) were used to oscillate a beam and the response was compared to the response of the beam when the frequency was stationary, Q(t) = constant. The results indicate that: ( I) stationary chaos can be annihilated by nonstationary inputs: (b) there exists a transmission of one dynamical form to another (one form of chaotic motion to another chaotic motion in a nonstationary regime), and hence the response is a transient phenomena, (c) nonstationary chaos eventually settles to periodic motion.
Anterior Pituitary Therapy and Uterine Motility in the Unanesthetized Rabbit

In earlier experiments1,2 on the action of the ovary-stimulating substance of human urine of pregnancy on uterine motility, it was shown that the contracting uterus of the unanesthetized rabbit either approaches the quiescent state or becomes fully quiescent 5 to 7 hours following a single intravenous injection of this material. This takes place whether or not the ovaries are present and so may happen independently of ovarian tissues which might contribute to the effect. The significance of this finding has not been determined however, and it has never been shown that the action of urine-substance parallels the action of anterior pituitary therapy in its effect on uterine motility as it does in certain respects upon the ovary. The data from the present experiments give this latter information and show that the effect of the injection of fresh saline suspension of anterior pituitary glands of the ox or the injection of alkaline extracts of these glands exactly parallels the effect of the injection of pregn...
Discovery and Characterization of Bicereucin, an Unusual d-Amino Acid-Containing Mixed Two-Component Lantibiotic

Lantibiotics are a group of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) exhibiting antimicrobial activity. They are characterized by the presence of the thioether-containing bisamino acids lanthionine and methyllanthionine. Here, we report a two-component lantibiotic from Bacillus cereus SJ1 with unusual structural features that we named bicereucin. Unlike all previous two-component lantibiotics, only one of the two peptides of bicereucin contains a lanthionine. The second peptide lacks any cysteines but contains several d-amino acids. These are installed by the dehydrogenase BsjJB, the activity of which was successfully reconstituted in vitro. The proteolytic removal of the leader peptide was also performed in vitro. Bicereucin displayed synergistic antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci as well as hemolytic activity. To illustrate the utility of the enzymes, an analog...
Interaction between stock indices via changepoint analysis: Research Articles

Stock market indices from several countries are modelled as discretely sampled diffusions whose parameters change at certain times. To estimate these times of parameter changes we employ both a sequential likelihood-ratio test and a non-parametric, spectral algorithm designed specifically for time series with multiple changepoints. Finally, we use point-process techniques to model relationships between changepoints of different financial time series. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracellular Na+ electrode for monitoring net Na+ flux in cell suspensions.

A computer-linked extracellular sodium-sensitive electrode system is described that is suitable for the routine measurement of net Na+ transport in cell suspensions. The commercially available Na+ electrode exhibited high selectivity for Na+ over other cations and a rapid response time (less than 3 s). This system resolved changes of 0.4 mM in the presence of 147 mM extracellular Na+. Measurements of Na+ transport in suspensions of rabbit proximal tubules showed that ouabain caused a dose-dependent net Na+ influx with an inhibitor constant (Ki) of 2.5 +/- 0.2 microM and a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 229 +/- 7 nmol Na+.min-1.mg protein-1. This compared favorably with the ouabain-induced K+ efflux (Ki = 2.4 microM; Vmax = 160 +/- 3.3 nmol K+.min-1.mg protein-1) and the ouabain-induced inhibition of respiration (Ki = 3.3 microM; Vmax = 11.8 nmol O2.min-1.mg protein-1). In addition, Ba2+, a K+ channel blocker known to depolarize the cell, caused a net Na+ efflux, whereas glucose, a Na+-cotransported solute, promoted a net Na+ influx. This system should be a powerful tool for continuous monitoring of net Na+ fluxes in cell suspensions.
Fracture of the calcaneus in young children. Report of three cases.

Fracture of the calcaneus was noted in three children, aged sixteen, twenty-seven, and thirty months, a total of 6 per cent of the calcaneal fractures seen at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont in ten years. The importance of careful examination, observation of characteristic posturing, and the value of roentgenograms in several projections is stressed, since such fractures are easily overlooked.
Laser action from optically pumped dye-treated tissues

In this paper we present the observation of the amplification of spontaneous emission from optically pumped animal tissues treated with fluorescent dyes. The temporal and spectral responses of the emission were measured as a function of pump intensity. This observation is attributed to the increase in optical gain in dye-stained tissue media. The scattering takes place from the structures inside and outside the 10μm-size of the cells. The large size of the cell causes the scattering to be mostly in the forward direction. The transport-scattering mean-free-path lengths ltr in tissues such as fat and muscle and of the order of ltr = 0.5 mm (fats) and ltr= 3 mm (muscle). The lasing effect in a biological tissue could come form several factors, such as morphological resonance effects within the cells, localization, feedback from the longer path of scattering photons, and microcavity formation due to intercellular scatterings.