cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A pervasive computing system for the operating room of the future

We describe a prototype context aware perioperative information system to capture and interpret data in an operating room of the future. The captured data is used to construct the context of the surgical procedure and detect medically significant events. Such events, and other state information, are used to automatically construct an electronic medical encounter record (EMR). The EMR records and correlates significant medical data and video streams with an inferred higher-level event model of the surgery. Information from sensors such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags provides basic context information including the presence of medical staff, devices, instruments and medication in the operating room (OR). Patient monitoring systems and sensors such as pulse oximeters and anesthesia machines provide continuous streams of physiological data. These low level data streams are processed to generate higher-level primitive events, such as a nurse entering the OR. A hierarchical knowledge-based event detection system correlates primitive events, patient data and workflow data to infer high-level events, such as the onset of anesthesia. The resulting EMR provides medical staff with a permanent record of the surgery that can be used for subsequent evaluation and training. The system can also be used to detect potentially significant errors. It seeks to automate some of the tasks done by nursing staff today that detracts from their ability to attend to the patient.
High-resolution melt analysis to detect sequence variations in highly homologous gene regions: application to CYP2B6

High-resolution melt (HRM) analysis using ‘release-on-demand’ dyes, such as EvaGreen® has the potential to resolve complex genotypes in situations where genotype interpretation is complicated by the presence of pseudogenes or allelic variants in close proximity to the locus of interest. We explored the utility of HRM to genotype a SNP (785A>G, K262R, rs2279343) that is located within exon 5 of the CYP2B6 gene, which contributes to the metabolism of a number of clinically used drugs. Testing of 785A>G is challenging, but crucial for accurate genotype determination. This SNP is part of multiple known CYP2B6 haplotypes and located in a region that is identical to CYP2B7, a nonfunctional pseudogene. Because small CYP2B6-specific PCR amplicons bracketing 785A>G cannot be generated, we simultaneously amplified both genes. A panel of 235 liver tissue DNAs and five Coriell samples were assessed. Eight CYP2B6/CYP2B7 diplotype combinations were found and a novel variant 769G>A (D257N) was discovered. The frequency ...
Peering inside the proton

This contribution, a personal recollection by the author, is part of a special issue CERN’s accelerators, experiments and international integration 1959–2009. Guest Editor: Herwig Schopper [Schopper, Herwig. 2011. Editorial. Eur. Phys. J. H 36: 437].
How Robust Are Probabilistic Models of Higher-Level Cognition?

An increasingly popular theory holds that the mind should be viewed as a near-optimal or rational engine of probabilistic inference, in domains as diverse as word learning, pragmatics, naive physics, and predictions of the future. We argue that this view, often identified with Bayesian models of inference, is markedly less promising than widely believed, and is undermined by post hoc practices that merit wholesale reevaluation. We also show that the common equation between probabilistic and rational or optimal is not justified.
Planning for Management Information Systems in Drug Treatment Organizations

An attempt to set up a management information system for individual drug abuse programs throughout a state is described. The principles upon which the system is based are discussed along with the problems encountered in its implementation. A series of guidelines for establishing management information systems in operating human services agencies is included.
On cloud-centric network architecture for multi-dimensional mobility

Despite pervasive deployment of wireless networks, maintaining seamless mobile connectivity within a set of local devices and to the remote cloud is still challenging. The crux of this challenge stems from the simultaneous interplay of multiple dimensions of a user's mobility - users frequently move between multiple access networks, mobile devices and unique personas. We identify new trends and challenges in providing rich mobile connectivity to mobile users. We then propose a novel Cloud-centric Architecture for Rich Mobile Experience Networking, called Carmen. Carmen is a distributed system that manages the mobile connectivity of a set of devices belonging to a particular individual, which we call the mobile personal grid (MPG). Carmen enables the MPG to efficiently collect context from a mobile user and coordinate key system resources across the MPG and cloud. We present new design principles and functional components of Carmen. In addition, we show our system prototype of Carmen's resource monitoring infrastructure to demonstrate its feasibility and benefits in improving the mobile user's networking experience.
BMP-15 regulation of ovulation quota in mammals

Naturally occurring mutations in the oocyte-specific factor, bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15), cause infertility in women and in ewes. In contrast to these monoovulatory mammals, the targeted deletion of BMP-15 in polyovulatory mice results in subfertility with only minimal defects in the ovulation process. Given the established role of BMP-15 in governing the progression of folliculogenesis, it is hypothesized that species-specific differences in the BMP-15 system are involved in species-specific determination of ovulation quota and litter size. Recent data using in vitro cell transfection methodology indicate that, in contrast to human BMP-15 which is successfully processed and secreted, the mouse BMP-15 proprotein is resistant to proteolytic cleavage. Thus, no functional mature BMP-15 is secreted in vitro. Further studies have shown that the functional mature form of BMP-15 is barely detectable in mouse oocytes in vivo until just before ovulation, when it is markedly increased. The general hypothesis to emerge from these observations is that the species-specific differences in the defects caused by mutations in the bmp 15 gene between monoovulatory ewes and women and polyovulatory mice might be attributed to the timing of the production of BMP-15 mature protein.
Automated Caching of Behavioral Patterns for Efficient Run-Time Monitoring

Run-time monitoring is a powerful approach for dynamically detecting faults or malicious activity of software systems. However, there are often two obstacles to the implementation of this approach in practice: (1) that developing correct and/or faulty behavioral patterns can be a difficult, labor-intensive process, and (2) that use of such pattern-monitoring must provide rapid turn-around or response time. We present a novel data structure, called extended action graph, and associated algorithms to overcome these drawbacks. At its core, our technique relies on effectively identifying and caching specifications from (correct/faulty) patterns learned via machine-learning algorithm. We describe the design and implementation of our technique and show its practical applicability in the domain of security monitoring of sendmail software.
Simulation of short LSAW transducers including electrode mass loading and finite finger resistance

The theory for the 2-D numerical analysis of acoustic wave generation from finite length leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) transducer structures is presented. The mass loading of the electrodes is incorporated through the use of the finite element method (FEM). The substrate is modeled using both analytical and numerical means. The advantages of this simulation are twofold. First, it is capable of extracting the individual bulk wave conductances from the overall conductance of a given device. At large distances from the transducer, the angular distribution of power radiated relative to the substrate surface can then be calculated for each of the three possible bulk wave polarizations. The second advantage of the simulation is that the effect of finite electrode resistance is included through the use of a series equivalent resistance for each electrode in the structure. Once the resistance for each electrode in the structure has been determined, the overall effect on the device admittance is modeled by applying a constrained minimization process to the electrical boundary conditions of the transducer. To conclude the paper, the simulation will be compared against the experimental admittance of a 37-finger uniform transducer with a metallization ratio of 0.5 on 42/spl deg/ LiTaO/sub 3/. The agreement between theory and experiment is excellent.
Reproducibility of Laplacian Wall Thickness Measurements of the Gallbladder with Varying CT Slice Thickness

In measuring changes of gallbladder wall thickness using CT, robustness to differences in acquisition protocols including slice thickness can be important. We have developed an automated technique based on Laplace's equation to measure the gallbladder wall thickness using computer tomography (CT). The purpose of this work is to investigate the usefulness of the Laplacian technique in obtaining gallbladder wall thickness measurements that are reproducible with variations in CT slice thickness. This study included 2D (2D) and 3D (3D) wall thickness measurements using Laplace's equation. Ten subjects who had 5 mm (thick) and 2.5 mm (thin) reconstruction (from a single set of raw data) through the abdomen were randomly selected from a research database. Their volumetric CT images were acquired using a multidetector GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS---LightSpeed 16 scanner at 120 KVP, ~250 mAs, with standard filter reconstruction algorithm and manually segmented on all CT cross sections by a radiologist. The inner and outer boundaries of the gallbladder wall were obtained from the segmentation. The thickness of the wall was quantified by computing the distance between the boundaries for each scan and over the entire volume using Laplace's equation from mathematical physics. The distance between the surfaces is found by computing normalized gradients that form a vector field. The vector fields represent tangent vectors along field lines connecting both boundaries. The Laplacian technique was compared with the conventional Euclidean distance transformation (EDT) technique using coefficient of variation. EDT results in an Euclidean distance mapping between the two extracted surfaces. Both techniques were compared in 2D and 3D. For the 2D and 3D wall thickness measurements, a mean difference of 0.35 and 0.25 mm between thin and thick reconstruction was found respectively using Laplace's equation. EDT resulted in a higher mean difference for both 2D and 3D. In addition, a significant difference in thickness between the Laplacian technique and EDT techniques (p?<?0.001) were obtained. The Laplacian measurement of gallbladder wall showed significantly lower variation compared to EDT on different CT slice thickness for both 2D and 3D techniques. Hence, proving to be an important technique for obtaining reproducible wall thickness measurements of the gallbladder using CT.
Multi-Objective Topology Optimization of Multi-Functional Components in Multibody Dynamics Systems

In this paper, topology optimization technique is extended to consider multibody dynamics systems with a much more open design space, which can include passive, active, and reactive multi-functional components. General representative models for the multifunctional components are established in a multibody dynamics system. The topology optimization process has been advanced for the optimization of geometrically nonlinear, time-dependent, and timing-dependent multibody dynamics systems undergoing large nonlinear displacements with nonlinear dynamics responses as design objectives. The sensitivity analysis methods in this paper have made it possible to calculate the sensitivities in complicated multibody dynamic systems and provide users with choices to signicantly reduce the computational costs, especially, in the topology optimization process, and to obtain desired accuracy in the sensitivity analysis. The single objective topology optimization problem can be redened with multiple objectives, and solved using the same sensitivity analysis methods and the multi-objective optimization algorithm, such as global criterion method.
Confirmation of the Identity of an Active Metabolite in Glutethimide intoxication

Glutethimide is a sedative-hypnotic similar in chemical structure and biological activity to the barbiturates. The clinical course of intoxication with glutethimide, however, is often complex, with unusually long duration and unexplained variations of coma. Urine and blood samples from a comatose 50-year-old female with suspected glutethimide intoxication were extracted, and glutethimide was identified by thin layer (TLC) and gas-liquid (GLC) chromatography. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) confirmed the identity of glutethimide and indicated the presence of 4-hydroxy-2-ethyl-2-phenylglutarimide (4-HG), and active metabolite of glutethimide. GC-MS of the acetate derivative from urine and blood extracts confirmed the presence of both glutethimide and 4-HG in the samples. Correlation of the blood concentration with patient morbidity suggested that the toxicity of glutethimide was related to blood concentrations of 4-HG. Identification of gluthemide overdose should include quantitative analyses of both glutethimide and 4-HG.
Autonomous Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Towing a Vector Sensor Array

This paper is about the autonomous control of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and the particular considerations required to allow proper control while towing a 100-meter vector sensor array. Mission related objectives are tempered by the need to consider the effect of a sequence of maneuvers on the motion of the towed array which is thought not to tolerate sharp bends or twists in sensitive material. We describe and motivate an architecture for autonomy structured on the behavior-based control model augmented with a novel approach for performing behavior coordination using multi-objective optimization. We provide detailed in-field experimental results from recent exercises with two 21-inch AUVs in Monterey Bay California.
Who Owns the Color “Gold”? Fielding the Case of Rawlings Sporting Goods Company vs. Wilson Sporting Goods Company

The legal issues addressed in this case are based upon a lawsuit filed in 2012 by Rawlings Sporting Goods Company against Wilson Sporting Goods Company. The lawsuit was initiated after Wilson provided a baseball glove with metallic gold-colored webbing and stitching to a Major League Baseball player who had won a 2011 Rawlings Gold Glove Award but was an endorser of Wilson rather than Rawlings. Although the case was eventually settled on confidential terms, the lawsuit provided a number of intriguing trademark law issues that are examined here. One of the key legal issues revolves around the concept of trade dress, and specifically the basis on which a single color can be deemed protectable as a trademark. After examining the legal history of various colors as trademarks, the authors then introduce the concepts of functionality and secondary meaning to provide a context in which readers can analyze the merits of Rawlings’ legal claim with respect to its “ownership” of the color gold within the baseball gl...
Evidence for “Big” and “Little” Components of Human Plasma and Pituitary Growth Hormone

Plasma growth hormone as well as immunochemical grade pituitary growth hormone is comprised of at least two discrete immunoreactive components. “Little” growth hormone elutes from columns of Sephadex G-100 (superfine) co-incident with the major component of pituitary growth hormone. “Big” growth hormone is less retarded on the gel and approximately twice the molecular weight of “little” growth hormone. In many plasma samples, a small and broader peak of immunoreactive growth hormone is eluted between “big” growth hormone and the void marker. When freed from plasma, “little” growth hormone maintains its characteristic gel nitration migration whereas from 8 to 33% of “big” growth hormone is converted to “little” growth hormone with prolonged storage. Lyophilization results in the preferential loss of “little” growth hormone. In non-lyophilized samples “big” growth hormone constitutes from 6–14% of the total immunoreactive growth hormone in acromegalics studied in the basal state and 24–37% in normal subject...
Molecular mechanisms of pituitary endocrine cell calcium handling

Endocrine pituitary cells express numerous voltage-gated Na(+), Ca(2+), K(+), and Cl(-) channels and several ligand-gated channels, and they fire action potentials spontaneously. Depending on the cell type, this electrical activity can generate localized or global Ca(2+) signals, the latter reaching the threshold for stimulus-secretion coupling. These cells also express numerous G-protein-coupled receptors, which can stimulate or silence electrical activity and Ca(2+) influx through voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and hormone release. Receptors positively coupled to the adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway stimulate electrical activity with cAMP, which activates hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels directly, or by cAMP-dependent kinase-mediated phosphorylation of K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+), and/or non-selective cation-conducting channels. Receptors that are negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase signaling pathways inhibit spontaneous electrical activity and accompanied Ca(2+) transients predominantly through the activation of inwardly rectifying K(+) channels and the inhibition of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. The Ca(2+)-mobilizing receptors activate inositol trisphosphate-gated Ca(2+) channels in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to Ca(2+) release in an oscillatory or non-oscillatory manner, depending on the cell type. This Ca(2+) release causes a cell type-specific modulation of electrical activity and intracellular Ca(2+) handling.
Microscopic evidence for the domestication and spread of maize.

The search for the earliest domestication of maize in the New World and unraveling the complicated changes it underwent from a wild grass to the critically important cultigen has been a vigorous quest for more than half a century. During that time, there have been numerous hypotheses and assurances that these mysteries had finally been solved, only to be rejected by yet another new discovery. Now, in a recent issue of PNAS, Holst et al. (1) provide us with a new set of answers to these age-old questions and present a “tripartite method” focused on pollen, phytoliths, and starch as a way to resolve these questions now and in the future.
Parallel Changes in Neuronal AT1R and GRK5 Expression Following Exercise Training in Heart Failure

Although exercise training (ExT) is an important therapeutic strategy for improving quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), the central mechanisms by which ExT is beneficial are not well understood. The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) plays a pivotal role in the development of CHF and is upregulated in a number of tissues owing, in part, to transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, AT1R is marked for internalization and recycling via G-protein–coupled receptor kinase (GRK) phosphorylation. Because previous studies have shown that the beneficial effects of ExT in CHF rely on a reduction in angiotensin II, we hypothesized ExT would decrease AT1R, GRK5, and NF-κB protein expression in the paraventricular nucleus and rostral ventrolateral medulla of CHF rats. Following infarction by coronary artery ligation, animals were exercised 4 weeks postsurgery on a treadmill at a final speed of 25 miles per minute for 60 minutes, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Western blot analysis of paraventricular nucleus and rostral ventrolateral medulla micropunches revealed an upregulation of AT1R, GRK5, and NF-κB in the infarcted group that was reversed by ExT. Furthermore, the relative expression of phosphorylated AT1R and AT1R/GRK5 physical association was increased in the CHF sedentary group and reversed by ExT. Overexpression of GRK5 in cultured CATH.a neurons blunted angiotensin II-mediated upregulation of AT1R and NF-κB; conversely, silencing of GRK5 exacerbated angiotensin II-mediated AT1R and NF-κB upregulation. Taken together, increased GRK5 may regulate AT1R expression in CHF, and ExT mitigates AT1R and its pathway components.
Influenza Virus Infectivity and Virulence following Ocular-Only Aerosol Inoculation of Ferrets

Respiratory pathogens have traditionally been studied by examining the exposure and infection of respiratory tract tissues. However, these studies typically overlook the role of ocular surfaces, which represent both a potential site of virus replication and a portal of entry for the establishment of a respiratory infection. To model transocular virus entry in a mammalian species, we established a novel inoculation method that delivers an aerosol inoculum exclusively to the ferret ocular surface. Using influenza virus as a representative respiratory pathogen, we found that both human and avian viruses mounted productive respiratory infections in ferrets following ocular-only aerosol inoculation, and we demonstrated that H5N1 virus can result in a fatal infection at doses below 10 PFU or with exposure times as short as 2 min. Ferrets inoculated by the ocular aerosol route with an avian (H7N7, H7N9) or human (H1N1, H3N2v) virus were capable of transmitting the virus to naive animals in direct-contact or respiratory-droplet models, respectively. Our results reveal that ocular-only exposure to virus-containing aerosols constitutes a valid exposure route for a potentially fatal respiratory infection, even for viruses that do not demonstrate an ocular tropism, underscoring the public health implications of ocular exposure in clinical or occupational settings. IMPORTANCE In the absence of eye protection, the human ocular surface remains vulnerable to infection with aerosolized respiratory viruses. In this study, we present a way to inoculate laboratory mammals that excludes respiratory exposure, infecting ferrets only by ocular exposure to influenza virus-containing aerosols. This study demonstrates that the use of respiratory protection alone does not fully protect against influenza virus exposure, infection, and severe disease.
Judging veracity impairs eyewitnesses' memory of a perpetrator.

Witnesses to crimes sometimes perform cognitively demanding tasks while simultaneously observing a perpetrator. This division of attentional resources can cause witnesses to remember the perpetrator less accurately. We hypothesised that judging the veracity of a target individual can impair subsequent memory for his or her appearance and message. In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that the veracity judgement task is cognitively demanding by having participants perform a concurrent secondary task. In three additional experiments, we confirmed that witnesses who judged the veracity of a target remembered his or her appearance and message less accurately than witnesses who simply observed the target. We also extended this result by showing that suspicion amplified the memory impairment effect, apparently by inducing witnesses to allocate even more resources to the judgement task (Experiments 2a and b), and that witnesses' memory was less accurate when they used a cue within the message content rather than a no...
A methodology for analyzing vibration data from planetary gear systems using complex Morlet wavelets

Planetary gear trains are complex flight critical components of helicopters and other aircraft. Failure modes on such components may lead to loss of life and/or aircraft. It is essential, therefore, that incipient failures or faults be detected and isolated as early as possible and corrective action be taken in order to avoid catastrophic events. Research thus far has focused on gear teeth faults and available methods could not detect a crack in the planetary gear plate under all operating conditions. A wavelet domain methodology is suggested for the analysis and feature extraction of the vibration data from the planetary gear system of military helicopters. Complex Morlet wavelets are employed and the time domain knowledge, preserved by the wavelet decomposition, is used to extract useful features that distinguish between faulted and healthy gear plates from experimental data made available from both on-aircraft and test cell experiments. A statistical method based on the z-test is also suggested to evaluate the relative performance of these features.
Studies toward a Candidate IDS Neutrino Factory Front-End Configuration

A front end scenario for the IDS neutrino factory is presented. The scenario is based on the Study 2A example for capture, bunching and phase-energy rotation of muons from a proton source for a neutrino factory, and the goal is the capture of a maximal number of muons in a string of 201.25 MHz rf bunches. We present a candidate release scenario that is somewhat shorter than the Study 2A example and its parameters are optimized for smaller magnetic fields and gradients. We consider the variation of performance with achievable gradient, obtaining acceptable capture with reduced gradients. We also consider variation in production target performance, and develop the specifications toward the practical requirements of the cost study.
Process Management vs. Problem Solving: Choosing an Appropriate Perspective for Evaluating Human Resource Systems

Professionals in the HR field have been saying for some time that human resources are a “strategic” resource in business today, and have argued that they should be included in the strategic management activities of their firms. While the former is true, the latter must be earned through demonstration that they are prepared to make a meaningful contribution to corporate strategy and overall organizational goals. This demonstration must begin with evidence that the HR functions, and its programs, are addressing and meeting critical corporate needs. Such evidence is, in turn, dependent on the existence of an effective comprehensive system evaluation process focusing on the strategic contribution of human resource policies and practices.
Using Community-Based Participatory Research to Investigate Meaningful Prenatal Care Among African American Women:

Purpose: In the United States, African American babies die more than twice as often as White babies. The cause for this difference remains elusive, yet is likely complex with one factor being inade...
Advanced Neuroimaging of Tinnitus

Although tinnitus may originate in damage to the peripheral auditory apparatus, its perception and distressing symptomatology are consequences of alterations to auditory, sensory, and limbic neural networks. This has been described in several studies, some using advanced structural MR imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging. An understanding of these complex changes could enable development of targeted treatment. New MR imaging techniques enabling detailed depiction of the labyrinth may be useful when diagnosis of Meniere disease is equivocal. Advances in computed tomography and MR imaging have enabled noninvasive diagnosis of dural arteriovenous fistulae.
Effect of Toxic Doses of L-Thyroxine on Tissue Water, Electrolytes and Plasma Protein in Rats

Summary1. Rats injected with L-thyrox-ine revealed an increased hematocrit and plasma water content. Concentrations of plasma Ca+ +, Mg+ +, glucose, total protein and erythrocyte glucose were reduced. No change was found in plasma levels of Na+ and K+ . 2. By fractionation of total plasma protein in the thyroxine-injected rats, reductions in alpha 1 and gamma globulins were observed. Concentrations of albumin, alpha 2 and β-globulins as well as A/G ratios were unaltered. 3. Weights of the ventricles of the heart were increased. Concentrations of cardiac Na+, K+ and total lipids were not changed. 4. Despite a dehydration of the muscle cells, a reduced concentration of in-tracellular K+ and an elevation of Na+, Cl- and Ca++ in the hyperthyroid state occurred. Muscle Mg+ +, glycogen and total lipid levels were not modified. 5. The liver showed increased concentrations of water, Na+ and Mg+ which corresponded with a reduction of liver glycogen, K+ and Ca++ contents. The liver total lipids remained unchanged.T...
Comment: Whole-brain structural changes in extratemporal, nonlesional epilepsy

While patients with epilepsy typically gain control of seizures with antiepileptic medication treatment, 20%–30% have drug-resistant epilepsy and remain both a diagnostic and treatment challenge, accounting for the majority of morbidity and mortality in epilepsy patients. Of those who are drug-resistant, extratemporal, nonlesional (no definitive lesion on visual inspection of the MRI) are perhaps the most challenging subset of patients, due to the variability of clinical presentation and nonlocalizing changes on scalp EEG.1
Myoepithelioma of the parotid. Report of a case initially examined by fine needle aspiration biopsy

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of a large, deep lobe of a parotid mass revealed a uniform population of small, spindled cells with no distinctive cytologic features. Biopsy and later resection of the mass revealed a myoepithelioma. Myoepithelioma is a rare lesion, occurring most commonly in the parotid gland. To date, the FNA description of myoepithelioma has been limited to one report of a lesion in the breast. We report the FNA findings of this tumor arising in the parotid, with histologic and electron microscopic confirmation.
Clinical Pharmacology of the Gastrointestinal Tract

This article discusses the various drugs that affect the equine gastrointestinal tract. Drugs that alter intestinal motility, that protect the gastrointestinal tract, and that alter secretions, as well as analgesics, appetite stimulants, and orally administered antimicrobial agents are reviewed.
The Contradictions of Cosmopolitanism: Consuming the Orient at the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition and the International Potlatch Festival, 1909–1934

Seattle's Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition and International Potlatch provide windows to the construction of a “cosmopolitan” urban ethos in the early twentieth century. Noting the ways this idea embraced Japan and the city's Japanese residents while serving white elites pursuit of urban and commercial advantage, the essay also comments on the space between cosmopolitan ideology and the persistence of anti-Japanese prejudice.
Successive AoA estimation: Revealing the second path for 60 GHz communication system

60 GHz communication system is a viable candidate to support very high data throughput for wireless communication. To compensate for high path loss at 60 GHz frequency, a large number of antenna elements are employed to form highly directional beams for communication range extension. However, communication paths are easily be blocked by human movement. Switching to the second best path when needed is to protect against human blockage. Before switching to the second best path, the device needs to know a list of available alternative paths. Acquiring the list is related to Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation problem. Though many high resolution AoA estimation algorithms are proposed in the literature, the unique features in the 60 GHz system require special attentions. We propose successive AoA estimation algorithm to utilize the features in the system. The scheme borrows the concept from successive interference cancellation scheme in multiuser detection. It provides compelling performance if there are large signal strength disparities among users, which is also observed in AoA estimation for 60 GHz system. The proposed scheme is very efficient as the AoA estimation step during each iteration is shown to be convex. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms other schemes and is shown to be a good candidate to reveal the alternative paths for the 60 GHz system.
Evolution of a protolunar disk in vapor/melt equilibrium

A model of the viscous evolution of a two-phase, vapor/melt protolunar disk is described. Droplets condense from the vapor and "rain-out", forming a stratified structure with a mid-plane magma layer surrounded by a vapor reservoir. The magma layer is gravitationally unstable, but material interior to the Roche distance cannot fragment, and instead develops an effective viscosity. However, magma flowing across the Roche limit can fragment and accrete into moonlets, while magma spreading inward is accreted by Earth. As mass leaves the melt layer, it is replenished by vapor condensation, leading to a quasi steady-state (QSS). The layer's mass is maintained at ~14% of a lunar mass, and replaced every ~ 3 yrs. The vapor atmosphere steadily decreases, and once exhausted, the disk would cool below condensation temperature and spread as a time-dependent disk until it too is exhausted. The timescale of the QSS is regulated by the disk's ability to radiate all the released latent heat plus viscous dissipation energy to space at the photospheric temperature, i.e., ~2000 K for silicon phase-equilibrium. For the protolunar disk, latent heat dominates viscous heating, and the QSS for a ~2 lunar mass disk lasts for ~ 50 yrs. For comparison, a hypothetical water/steam disk orbiting an ice giant planet in which viscous heating dominates is also modeled. The photospheric temperature is closer to ~373 K, and the replacement time of the water layer is ~125 yrs. Finally, disks confined by external torques at either the planet-disk boundary or at its outer edge are also briefly examined.
Juvenile Huntington’s Disease: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations for the Psychiatrist

Juvenile Huntington's disease (JHD) is a neurodegenerative disease with onset prior to the age of 21. While it accounts for a relatively small proportion of Huntington's disease (HD) diagnoses, its impact is significant on the quality of life for those affected. Clinicians may be unaware that HD can present in childhood and adolescence, delaying diagnosis. HD develops due to an expanded CAG repeat in the huntington gene. Rigidity, dystonia, and seizures are more common in JHD. Cognitive changes such as executive function impairments and decline in school performance are common. The burden of psychiatric symptoms is considerable and includes depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and aggression. While novel approaches to treatment interventions are investigated, current care is limited to targeting symptoms rather than disease modification. Prompt diagnosis and symptomatic treatment can maximize quality of life for these patients.
A low power 4-GHz DCO with fine resolution and wide tuning range in 22 nm FDSOI CMOS technology

This paper presents a LC tank based digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) designed and fabricated in GLOBALFOUDRIES 22 nm FD-SOI (22FDXTM) process. The DCO covers a frequency range from 2.8 GHz to 4.0 GHz. A novel fine capacitor unit for the fine tuning capacitor array is presented. And it achieves a minimum frequency step of 4 kHz or 12 kHz, at 2.8 GHz or 4.0 GHz center frequency, respectively. The power consumption for the DCO core is 2.5 mW from a 1.0 V supply when it operates at 4.0 GHz. The measured phase noise at 1 MHz offset is −122 dBc/Hz and −120 dBc/Hz, at 2.8 GHz and 4.0 GHz carrier frequency, respectively.
Run EDGAR Run: SEC Dissemination in a High-Frequency World: SEC DISSEMINATION IN A HIGH-FREQUENCY WORLD

We describe the process through which the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) makes filings “publicly available.” For a sample of Form 4 (insider trade) filings, we show that, during the period we examine, the majority of filings are available to paying subscribers of the SEC's public dissemination system (PDS) feed before they are posted to the EDGAR website, and so provide subscribers and their clients with a private advantage. We show that this advantage translates into an economically significant trading advantage, and prices, volumes, and spreads respond to the news contained in filings beginning around 30 seconds before public posting. These findings indicate that the SEC dissemination process does not always provide a level playing field and that the meaning of publicly available information in capital markets is no longer simple or obvious. In response to our study, the SEC launched an investigation and agreed to eliminate the PDS timing advantage.
The Firefly Light Organ: A Model for a Trace Amine Synapse

Evidence presented during the past 15 years, from this and other laboratories, strongly supports a role for octopamine as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in insects and other invertebrates (Lingle, Marder and Nathanson, 1982; Evans, 1984), Much evidence for octopamine’s function as a neurotransmitter has come from studies carried out with the firefly light organ, and it now appears that octopamine may be the major, if not the sole mediator of neural regulation of light emission in this species. As described below, studies of octopamine’s action in the firefly have relevance, not only to the control of light emission in the firefly, but also to a greater understanding of octopamine and octopamine receptor pharmacology in general.
Electromagnetic field control with binary aperiodic nanostructures

Aperiodic, irregular structures offer a large number of degrees of freedom relative to periodic or quasi-periodic systems and hence the opportunity for more control over electromagnetic fields. The challenge is to understand the relation between structure and material and the possible response, as measured by achievable scattered field as a function of position and frequency. With this information, basic guidelines could become available to facilitate a computational design process. Having this goal in mind, near-field through far-field control is appraised through a multivariate statistical analysis of example binary two-dimensional nanostructured aperiodic material arrangements. The total variance and significant rank of the transmission matrix, equivalent to the field correlation at the detector plane in the situations treated, yields quantitative measures of the degree of control related to size, material properties, and material spatial decomposition. This analysis provides sensitivity information relevant for the realization of aperiodic structures that can control light as a function of position and frequency in new ways.
Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Can Being a Dog's Best Friend Help a Child?

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) remain a therapeutic challenge for pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients. Still today, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy remain the mainstay of treatment. Obstacles in developing new treatment approaches to improve the outcome are few patients to enroll in clinical trials, and the diversity of tumor biology between histologic subtypes. Pet dogs may offer an additional strategy to discover and test new therapeutic avenues. The number of dogs diagnosed with a STS each year in the United States is estimated to be around 27,000 to 95,000. In comparison, approximately 900 children less than 20 years-old and 1500 AYAs between 15 and 29 years-old are diagnosed with a STS each year in the United States. The mainstay for treatment of STSs in dogs is also surgery, with radiation therapy and chemotherapy when necessary. Similarly to what is seen in humans, grade and stage are prognostic in dogs. In one comparative study of the histology and immunohistochemistry of canine STSs, most tumors were diagnosed as the human equivalent of undifferentiated sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, or unclassified spindle cell sarcoma. But much work remains to be done to fully assess the validity of canine STSs as a model. Gene expression analysis has been done in a limited number of canine STSs. Tissue banking, development of cell lines, and the ability to mobilize large scale clinical trials will become essential in veterinary medicine to benefit both dogs and humans.
Overview of Audio Forensics

Audio forensics applies the tools and techniques of audio engineering and digital signal processing to study audio data as part of a legal proceeding or an official investigation of some kind. This chapter summarizes the principal audio forensic tasks, including authentication, enhancement, and interpretation. The chapter explains the relevant procedural and historical background, presents several examples of audio forensic applications, and reviews several important areas for future research and development.
Input space dependent controller for civil structures exposed to multi-hazard excitations

Abstract A challenge in the control of civil structures exposed to multiple types of hazards is in the tuning of control parameters to ensure a prescribed level of performance under substantially different excitation dynamics, which could be considered as largely uncertain. A solution is to leverage data driven control algorithms, which, in their adaptive formulation, can self-tune to uncertain environments. The authors have recently proposed a new type of data-driven controller, termed input space dependent controller (ISDC), that has the particularity to adapt its input space in real-time to identify key measurements that represent the essential dynamics of the system. Previous studies have focused on time delay formulations, where the adaptive control rule would use time delayed measurements as inputs. In this configuration, termed variable multi-delay controller (VMDC), the time delay itself was adaptive, which provided the input space dependence capabilities. However, the size, or embedding dimension, of the input space was kept constant. In this paper, the authors formulate and study a strategy to also have the embedding dimension vary, therefore providing full adaptive input space capabilities. This generalization of the ISDC algorithm will allow the controller to adapt to excitations with higher levels of chaos, such as a seismic event. The performance of ISDC under multi-hazard excitations is first investigated on a single-degree-of-freedom system and compared with the previously developed and demonstrated VMDC. Results show that the adaptive embedding dimension provides significantly enhanced mitigation performance. After, the ISDC performance is assessed on two benchmark buildings equipped with a semi-active friction device and subjected to non-simultaneous multi-hazard excitations (wind, blast and earthquake). Results are compared with a sliding mode controller, where the ISDC is shown to provide better mitigation capabilities.
Multi-channel InP-based Coherent PICs with Hybrid Integrated SiGe Electronics Operating up to 100 GBd, 32QAM

We report InP-based coherent transmitter PICs with hybrid integrated SiGe drivers operating at 100GBd, 32QAM back-to-back (1 Tb/wave capable), and at 100GBd, 16QAM over 1400km. Coherent Tx (Rx) PICs with hybrid integrated drivers (amplifiers) operate at 66GBd, 64QAM over 200km.
Use of Textured Thin Liquids in Patients With Dysphagia

Purpose The goals of this article are to explore the use of textured thin liquids for dysphagic patients who require thickened liquids and to illustrate their impact on hydration and patient satisf...
Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology and Affect Regulation: Implications for Clinical Social Work

The purpose of this article is to review and consider the ways in which recent advances in cognitive neuroscience and neurobiology inform a biopsychosocial perspective for understanding and intervening with at-risk families. Specifically, our focus is on the ways in which such work contributes to our understanding of affect regulation as an important determinant and consequence of early interactive experience. In turn, this knowledge can be employed both in primary prevention and in later intervention with families whose well being has been compromised by affect dysregulation.
Atomic force microscopy using plastic replicas

Scanning probe microscopy is now an accepted tool in both industrial and research efforts. Its development parallels the advances in technology and imaging applications found in the history of progress of both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. All three forms of microscopy ultimately suffer a fundamental application problem—situations arise where it is either unreasonable or impossible to observe a particular sample within the sample stage of the microscope. For the transmission and electron and scanning electron microscopies, this problem has been resolved by resorting to making a replica of the area of interest on the actual sample and preparing the replica so that it may be imaged directly by the desired microscopy technique. This work attempts to ascertain the suitability of observing replicas using a scanned probe microscope; specifically, employing the techniques of atomic force microscopy to image plastic surface replicas.
Beta-carotene and Antioxidant Nutrients in Oral Cancer Prevention

Lack of toxicity and easy availability make beta-carotene and vitamin E excellent agents to test for cancer preventive activity. Since intervention trials actually using cancer incidence as the endpoint in the general population are logistically and practically impossible for oral cavity cancer, as is the case for most types of cancer, evidence for chemoprevention must necessarily be indirect: laboratory and animal models, epidemiologic surveys, trials showing reversal of premalignant lesions or cancer prevention in usually high risk groups. In several animal models, beta-carotene and other antioxidant nutrients strongly inhibit oral carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies consistently correlate low intake with high cancer risk. Smokers have lower beta-carotene levels in plasma and oral mucosal cells than non-smokers. Beta-carotene and vitamin E produce regression of oral leukoplakia, as has now been found in 8 clinical trials, 5 with beta-carotene alone, 1 with vitamin E and 2 that used a combination. The design and limitations of such chemoprevention studies in oral leukoplakia is discussed. All available evidence supports a very significant disease-preventive role for antioxidant nutrients in oral cancer.
Abstract 19236: No Difference in Composite of Patency and Rutherford Class in Patients Receiving Drug Eluting Stents vs. Bare Metal Stents in Peripheral Vascular Interventions

Background: The presence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results in limitation of physical activity due to claudication, and when left untreated, develops into limb ischemia followed by limb l...