cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Label-Free Neurosurgical Pathology with Stimulated Raman Imaging

The goal of brain tumor surgery is to maximize tumor removal without injuring critical brain structures. Achieving this goal is challenging since it can be difficult to distinguish tumor from non-tumor tissue. While standard histopathology provides information that could assist tumor delineation, it cannot be performed iteratively during surgery as freezing, sectioning, and staining of the tissue require too much time. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a powerful label-free chemical imaging technology that enables rapid mapping of lipids and proteins within a fresh specimen. This information can be rendered into pathology-like images. Although this approach has been used to assess the density of glioma cells in murine orthotopic xenografts models and human brain tumors, tissue heterogeneity in clinical brain tumors has not yet been fully evaluated with SRS imaging. Here we profile 41 specimens resected from 12 patients with a range of brain tumors. By evaluating large-scale stimulated Raman imaging data and correlating this data with current clinical gold standard of histopathology for 4,422 fields of view, we capture many essential diagnostic hallmarks for glioma classification. Notably, in fresh tumor samples we observe additional features, not seen by conventional methods, including extensive lipid droplets within glioma cells, collagen deposition in gliosarcoma, and irregularity and disruption of myelinated fibers in areas infiltrated by oligodendroglioma cells. This data is freely available in a public resource to foster diagnostic training and to permit additional interrogation. Our work establishes the methodology and provides a significant collection of reference images for label-free neurosurgical pathology.
Testing the Cognitive and Cultural Niche Theories of Human Evolution

The cognitive niche and the cultural niche are two competing theories of human evolution. One point over which they disagree is the importance of gene-culture interactions. Here, I use three models to evaluate this disagreement: (i) an asocial baseline model; (ii) a model of the cognitive niche, which includes a form of social learning that prevents gene-culture coevolution; and (iii) a model of the cultural niche, which allows gene-culture coevolution. Intelligence can evolve in all three models, and social transmission increases the range of conditions under which it can do so. However, only the model of the cultural niche (i) produces periods of evolutionary stasis, (ii) produces a positive relationship between population size and the rate of cultural and genetic evolution, and (iii) results in behaviors that are difficult to discover dominating the population. I review the available evidence for such patterns in human evolution and conclude that the cultural niche provides a more comprehensive explana...
Analysis of Measles Antibody Level of Ordinary Children Before and After Immunization

Objective To investigate measles antibody level before and after immunization for the ordinary children,and to provide scientific basis for the goal to eliminate measles.Method Measles antibody of 500 serum samples from 250 children before and after supplementary immunization of measles vaccine was detected with ELISA.Result The positive rate of IgG before supplementary immunization was 94.40%,and the average concentration of IgG was 1 524.24mlU/ml.The positive rate of IgG after supplementary immunization was 100%,and the average concentration of IgG was 1 893.14mlU/ml.There were significant differences between before and after immunization in positive rate(χ2=14.40,P0.05).The IgG possitive rate before vaccination of children with measles raccination history was significantly higher than that of children had no measles vaccination history(χ2=11.95,P0.05).Conclusion The measles antibody level of ordinary children in Yaan was high,but measles prevention and control should still be intensified.Howerver,the routine immunization should be improved to keep immunization coverage and eliminate blank of immunization.
Validation and quality assurance for genome browser database exports.

Background A genome browser transition utility designed in our lab, FPD2GB2 (Fungal Project Database to GBrowse 2), exports data from a custom database used by the Fungal Endophytes Genome Project [1,2]. Designed as a collection of scripts, FPD2GB2 outputs the contents of a locally developed genome annotation database into the standard GFF3 format, allowing for bulk import of data into the GBrowse2 genome browser [3]. In short, FPD2GB2 is a collection of scripts designed to export data encoded in the Fungal Project Database format into a format which can be easily imported into GBrowse 2, namely GFF3.
Cholesterol ester synthesis and hydrolysis of splenic tissue in lymphoma.

Abstract 1.1. Normal splenic tissue extracts show poor esterifying and hydrolyzing activity of cholesterol. Activity decreases further on storage of tissue, even at freezing temperature. 2.2. Extracts of splenic tissue from patients with lymphoma also possess rather poor cholesterol esterifying activity, while exhibiting considerably higher cholesterol esters hydrolytic activity. 3.3. These findings contribute to the explanation of the low degree of esterification of cholesterol in tissue of patients with lymphoma.
Unfinished business among the aging and those who love them.

Draws attention to the growing population of the elderly in America and how this reality presents a complex challenge to generational dynamics. Uses a case study and the writings of Elisabeth Kuble...
Gastric Electrical Stimulation Is an Option for Patients with Refractory Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

Background/Aims Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disabling migraine variant manifesting as severe episodes of nausea and vomiting and often refractory to many therapies. Gastric electrical stimulation (GES), which can reduce nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis, may provide symptomatic relief for drug-refractory CVS. This study assessed the utility GES in reducing the symptoms of CVS and improving the quality of life. Methods A one-year, non-randomized, clinical study was conducted. Eleven consecutive patients with drug refractory, cyclic vomiting syndrome based on Rome III criteria and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN), underwent treatment with temporary GES (Temp GES) and permanent GES (Perm GES). Post-treatment follow up was done up to one year after permanent gastric electrical stimulation therapy. Results Total symptom score decreased by 68% and 40% after temporary and permanent GES therapies, respectively. Hospital admission events significantly decreased to 1.50 (± 1.00) events from 9.14 (± 7.21) annual admissions prior to treatment with permanent GES. Vomiting episodes fell by 83% post Temp GES and 69% after Perm GES treatments. Mucosal electrogram values also changed after temporary stimulation. Conclusions In a small group of drug-refractory CVS patients, treatments with temporary and permanent GES significantly reduced the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms and frequency of hospital admissions.
Wavelet Coefficients Measuring Smoothness inHp(open face Rd)

Abstract We investigate the connection between Besov spaces and certain approximation subspaces of the Hardy spaces H p (open face R d ), 0 p ≤1. In particular, we establish the wavelet decompositions for the H p (open face R d ) spaces and we characterize the homogeneous Besov spaces B s p , q (open face R d ) in terms of the wavelet coefficients of such decompositions, under minimal decay and smoothness conditions on the wavelet set Ψ. In the process, we also obtain a new characterization of the B s p , q (open face R d ) spaces in terms of the modulus of smoothness measured in the norm of H p (open face R d ).
Guiding principles for indigenous research practices

Based upon expansions of indigenous research methodologies in the literature, researchers are encouraged to understand indigenous research conceptualization and implementation within various commun...
Clinical predictors of failing one dose of methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization.

The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical predictors of failure of a single dose of methotrexate (MTX) for management of ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization (IVF). A retrospective cohort study was performed of women who conceived ectopic pregnancies following fresh or frozen IVF cycles at an academic infertility clinic between 2007 and 2014, and received intramuscular MTX (50 mg/m2). Successful single-dose MTX treatment was defined as a serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) decline ≥15% between days 4 and 7 post-treatment. Logistic regression models adjusted for oocyte age, number of embryos transferred, and prior ectopic pregnancy were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of failing one dose of MTX. Sixty-four patients with ectopic pregnancies after IVF were included. Forty required only one dose of MTX (62.5%), while 15 required additional MTX alone (up to four total doses, 23.4%), and 9 required surgery (14.1%). By multivariable logistic regression, the highest tertiles of serum hCG at peak (≥499 IU/L, OR = 9.73, CI 1.88–50.25) and at first MTX administration (≥342 IU/L, OR = 4.74, CI 1.11–20.26), fewer embryos transferred (OR = 0.37 per each additional embryo transferred, CI 0.19–0.74), and adnexal mass by ultrasound (OR = 3.65, CI 1.10–12.11) were each correlated with greater odds of requiring additional MTX and/or surgery. This is the first study to report that in women with ectopic pregnancies after IVF, higher hCG—though well below treatment failure thresholds previously described in spontaneous pregnancies—fewer embryos transferred, and adnexal masses are associated with greater odds of failing one dose of MTX. These findings can be used to counsel IVF patients regarding the likelihood of success with single-dose MTX.
Heavy atom induced room temperature fluorescence quenching of PAH from a glucose glass

Abstract Sugar glasses are a relatively new matrix for solid-matrix luminescence. Molecular interactions within the sugar glass are not well understood. Fluorescence quenching was used to investigate molecular interactions within the sugar glass matrix. The room temperature fluorescence quenching of pyrene and naphthalene was observed from a glucose glass. The heavy atom salt NaI was the quencher. Two solvent compositions 50/50 and 60/40 MeOH/water, used for glass preparation, were examined for their effect on glass rigidity and molecular interactions. A complex static mechanism was observed for glasses prepared with 50/50 MeOH/water. This data was fit to the sphere of action model and associations constants determined. A Stern-Volmer static mechanism of quenching was observed for glasses prepared with 60/40 MeOH/water. This data fit the Stern-Volmer equation and association constants were determined. A larger association constant was observed for pyrene compared to naphthalene for both solvent systems used. Pyrene had a larger association constant with a sugar glass prepared with 60/40 MeOH/water compared to 50/50 MeOH/water implying a greater association between pyrene and iodide. The greater association is a reflection of a more rigid internal environment for the sugar glass prepared with 60/40 MeOH/water.
OTMS: A Novel Radar-Based Mapping System for Automotive Applications

Current automotive radar systems are designed to detect objects within an area around the vehicle and provide alerts or other driving assistance features to the driver. The main goal of these driving assistance systems is to increase safety of not only the driver but also increase safety for pedestrians on and around roadways. In this paper, we propose an on-board terrain mapping system (OTMS), which is an automotive radar-based system that extends the automotive safety goals to include mapping and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The proposed system utilizes a 94 GHz 3-dimensional (3D) pulsed radar to sense the environment around the vehicle and create a 3D model of the environment that can be sampled into a global database for mapping purposes. Objects are also detected and tracked within the model and can be used to provide assistive driving to the user even in adverse weather conditions. The model generated by the system can then be stored locally on the automobile or transmitted to other vehicles or infrastructure for use in mapping, navigation, and/or safety applications. The results validate that the OTMS is a valid system for providing safety and mapping functions for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS).
Sensitivity of Exserohilum turcicum to demethylation inhibitor fungicides

Abstract Exserohilum turcicum , the causal agent of northern leaf blight (NLB) of corn ( Zea mays ), can cause significant yield reductions in Illinois. Metconazole, propiconazole, and prothioconazole are demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides often applied as solo active ingredients or mixed with other fungicide groups to control NLB. Monitoring for shifts in DMI fungicide sensitivity in E. turcicum populations is important for making management decisions and maintaining fungicide efficacy. Sensitivity to metconazole, propiconazole, and prothioconazole were determined for E. turcicum isolates collected prior to DMI use on corn (baseline group collected prior to 1992) and E. turcicum isolates collected between 2009 and 2014. An in vitro mycelial growth assay was used to determine the effective fungicide concentration at which 50% of the fungal growth was inhibited (EC 50 ) for each isolate-fungicide combination. Baseline EC 50 value least-square means (lsmeans) for metconazole, propiconazole, and prothioconazole were 0.032, 0.060, and 0.254 μg/mL, respectively. When lsmeans of EC 50 values for 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 E. turcicum isolates were compared to the lsmean of the baseline E. turcicum EC 50 values, no significant ( P ≤ 0.05) shift towards reduced sensitivity was observed for metconazole, propiconazole, or prothioconazole. Three E. turcicum isolates had EC 50 values significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05) than the least sensitive baseline isolate for metconazole, and one isolate had an EC 50 value significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05) than the least sensitive baseline isolate for propiconazole. These isolates will require further evaluation to determine if they demonstrate reduced field sensitivity. Isolate prothioconazole EC 50 values were positively correlated ( P ≤ 0.05) with those of metconazole and propiconazole ( r = 0.1690 and r = 0.3269, respectively); however, no correlation was found between metconazole and propiconazole EC 50 values. Positive correlations between EC 50 values of prothioconazole and the other fungicides suggest the potential for cross-resistance between these DMI fungicides. To date, no loss of NLB control has been observed with the use of metconazole, propiconazole, and prothioconazole in the field.
Development of a Local Health-System Pharmacy Resident Society

As the number of pharmacy residents continues to increase nationally, it is vital that new opportunities for engagement, professional development, and networking are developed. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) provides national opportunities for involvement through Section Advisory Groups (SAGs), the New Practitioner’s Forum (NPF) Advisory Groups, and various councils, commissions, and committees. ASHP also offers opportunities at the state level through 52 affiliate chapters and at the student level through 132 officially recognized Student Societies of Health-System Pharmacy (SSHPs).1,2 However, there is currently a gap in opportunities for residents and new practitioners to network and collaborate at a local level. Our purpose is to describe the creation of a health-system pharmacy resident society in collaboration with a local society of health-system pharmacy.
Detecting malingering in traumatic brain injury: Combining response time with performance validity test accuracy.

Objective: The present study examined the incremental utility of item-level response time (RT) variables on a traditional performance validity test in distinguishing adults with verified TBI from a...
Coexistence of Wireless Technologies in the 5 GHz Bands: A Survey of Existing Solutions and a Roadmap for Future Research

As the 2.4 GHz spectrum band has become significantly congested, there is growing interest from the Wi-Fi proponents, cellular operators, and other stakeholders to use the spectrum in the 5 GHz bands. The 5 GHz bands have emerged as the most coveted bands for launching new wireless applications and services, because of their relatively favorable propagation characteristics and the relative abundance of spectrum therein. To meet the exploding demand for more unlicensed spectrum, regulators across the world such as the United States Federal Communications Commission and the European Electronic Communications Committee have recently started considerations for opening up additional spectrum in the 5 GHz bands for use by unlicensed devices. Moreover, to boost cellular network capacity, wireless service providers are considering the deployment of unlicensed long term evaluation (LTE) in the 5 GHz bands. This and other emerging wireless technologies and applications have resulted in likely deployment scenarios where multiple licensed and unlicensed networks operate in overlapping spectrum. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various coexistence scenarios in the 5 GHz bands. In this paper, we discuss coexistence issues between a number of important wireless technologies—viz., LTE and Wi-Fi, radar and Wi-Fi, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) and Wi-Fi, and coexistence among various 802.11 protocols operating in the 5 GHz bands. Additionally, we identify and provide brief discussions on an impending coexistence issue—one between Cellular V2X and DSRC/Wi-Fi. We summarize relevant standardization initiatives, explain existing coexistence solutions, and discuss open research problems.
Rationing Without Contemplation: Why Attention to Patient Flow Is Important and How to Make It Better

Inattentiveness to patient flow leads to rationing of critical care without contemplation. Many ICUs today operate at the limits of their capacity, making daily decisions about which patients can receive critical care. Historically, hospitals have dealt with this by building additional ICU beds. However, improving patient flow effectively increases ICU capacity without building additional beds, and problems with patient flow have well-documented, harmful effects on patients both in the ICU and waiting for care in the ICU. A number of tools from manufacturing and operations research allow us to understand, measure, and model patient flow, and to use this understanding to make meaningful improvements in real-world ICUs.
Transcription factor proteomics: Identification by a novel gel mobility shift-three-dimensional electrophoresis method coupled with southwestern blot and high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray-mass spectrometry analysis

Transcription factor (TF) purification and identification is an important step in elucidating gene regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we present two new electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)-based multi-dimensional electrophoresis approaches to isolate and characterize TFs, using detection with either southwestern or western blotting and HPLC-nanoESI-MS/MS analysis for identification. These new techniques involve several major steps. First, EMSA is performed with agents that diminish non-specific DNA-binding and the DNA-protein complex is separated by native PAGE gel. The gel is then electrotransferred to PVDF membrane and visualized by autoradiography. Next, the DNA-protein complex, which has been transferred onto the blot, is extracted using a detergent-containing elution buffer. Following detergent removal, concentrated extract is separated by SDS-PAGE (EMSA-2DE), followed by in-gel trypsin digestion and HPLC-nanoESI-MS/MS analysis, or the concentrated extract is separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (EMSA-3DE), followed by southwestern or western blot analysis to localize DNA binding proteins on blot which are further identified by on-blot trypsin digestion and HPLC-nanoESI-MS/MS analysis. Finally, the identified DNA binding proteins are further validated by EMSA-immunoblotting or EMSA antibody supershift assay. This approach is used to purify and identify GFP-C/EBP fusion protein from bacterial crude extract, as well as purifying AP1 and CEBP DNA binding proteins from a human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293) nuclear extract. AP1 components, c-Jun, Jun-D, c-Fos, CREB, ATF1 and ATF2 were successfully identified from 1.5 mg of nuclear extract (equivalent to 3×10(7) HEK293 cells) with AP1 binding activity of 750 fmol. In conclusion, this new strategy of combining EMSA with additional dimensions of electrophoresis and using southwestern blotting for detection proves to be a valuable approach in the identification of transcriptional complexes by proteomic methods.
Family structure and high school graduation: how children born to unmarried mothers fare

A vast body of research indicates that being raised in a family that does not include both biological parents is associated with a range of poor outcomes in young adulthood, though much of this literature has focused on youth who have experienced parental divorce. Less is known about the well-being of children born to unmarried mothers, especially when they reach young adulthood. This paper explores the association between being born to an unmarried mother and graduation from secondary school. Data are from the linked Children and Young Adult sample of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79). We find significant differences in the likelihood of graduating from high school among youth born to a never-married versus a married mother. These disparities remain even after including controls for social and economic characteristics of mothers prior to the child’s birth. Even though mothers’ subsequent unions offer few benefits to the educational outcomes of children born to unmarried mothers, maternal marital unions are more advantageous than when mothers remain outside coresidential relationships or enter cohabiting unions. Sharon SASSLER, Full Professor, CornellUniversity, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, 297 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, NY14853. E-mail: ss589@Cornell.edu . Kristi WILLIAMS, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, 238 Townshend Hall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. E-mail: Williams.2339@sociology.osu.edu . Fenaba Renae ADDO, Robert Wood Johnson Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Population Health Sciences, 707 Warf, 610 Walnut St., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726-2397. E-mail: faddo@wisc.edu . Adrianne M. FRECH, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Olin Hall 258, The Universityof Akron, Akron, OH 44325. E-mail: afrech@uakron.edu . Elizabeth C. COOKSEY, Full Professor, Department of Sociology, 238 Townshend Hall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. E-mail: cooksey.1@osu.edu .
Restless leg syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment

Introduction The restless legs syndrome is characterized by an unpleasant sensation in the legs which causes an imperative need to move the legs and is therefore considered to be a disorder of movement. When it appears before going to sleep, it may interfere with falling asleep and lead to a sleep-deficit. Development and conclusions It is a clinical condition with a satisfactory treatment, and improvement of the associated sleep disorder. The etiology is unknown, sometimes it is familial. The syndrome is increasingly often diagnosed, particularly in association with iron deficiency, during pregnancy, in chronic renal failure and in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Polysomnography is not necessary, unless one suspects an associated disorder of periodic leg movements. Treatment is by dopaminergic, opiate, benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant drugs or clonidine.
Negligible cycling of terrestrial carbon in many lakes of the arid circumpolar landscape

High-latitude environments store nearly half of the planet’s below-ground organic carbon (OC), mostly in perennially frozen permafrost soils. Climatic changes drive increased export of terrestrial OC into many aquatic networks, yet the role that circumpolar lakes play in mineralizing this carbon is unclear. Here we directly evaluate ecosystem-scale OC cycling for lakes of interior Alaska. This arid, low-relief lake landscape is representative of over a quarter of total northern circumpolar lake area, but is greatly under-represented in current studies. Contrary to projections based on work in other regions, the studied lakes had a negligible role in mineralizing terrestrial carbon; they received little OC from ancient permafrost soils, and had small net contribution to the watershed carbon balance. Instead, most lakes recycled large quantities of internally derived carbon fixed from atmospheric CO2, underscoring their importance as critical sites for material and energy provision to regional food webs. Our findings deviate from the prevailing paradigm that northern lakes are hotspots of terrestrial OC processing. The shallow and hydrologically disconnected nature of lakes in many arid circumpolar landscapes isolates them from terrestrial carbon processing under current climatic conditions. Many lakes in arid, organic-poor permafrost landscapes have a negligible role in mineralizing terrestrial carbon, according to metabolic analyses of lakes in the arid Yukon Flats Basin.
DOUBLE WHAMMY: IATROGENIC ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT AND AN UNRECOGNIZED PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CAUSING CHRONIC HYPOXEMIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE

Hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) due to iatrogenic transseptal puncture-induced intra-cardiac shunting in the presence of patent foramen oval (PFO) is uncommon and challenging to diagnose. A 65 year-old female with 2 atrial fibrillation (AF) ablations history presented multiple times with HRF
Dissecting the paleocontinental and paleoenvironmental dynamics of the great Ordovician biodiversification

The Ordovician was a time of drastic biological and geological change. Previous work has suggested that there was a dramatic increase in global diversity during this time, but also has indicated that regional dynamics and dynamics in specific environments might have been different. Here, we contrast two paleocontinents that have different geological histories through the Ordovician, namely Laurentia and Baltica. The first was situated close to the equator throughout the whole Ordovician, while the latter has traversed tens of latitudes during the same time. We predict that Baltica, which was under long-term environmental change, would show greater average and interval-to-interval origination and extinction rates than Laurentia. In addition, we are interested in the role of the environment in which taxa originated, specifically, the patterns of onshore–offshore dynamics of diversification, where onshore and offshore areas represent high-energy and low-energy environments, respectively. Here, we predict that high-energy environments might be more conducive for originations.Our new analyses show that the global Ordovician spike in genus richness from the Dapingian to the Darriwilian Stage resulted from a very high origination rate at the Dapingian/Darriwilian boundary, while the extinction rate remained low. We found substantial interval-to-interval variation in the origination and extinction rates in Baltica and Laurentia, but the probabilities of origination and extinction are somewhat higher in Baltica than Laurentia. Onshore and offshore areas have largely indistinguishable origination and extinction rates, in contradiction to our predictions. The global spike in origination rates at the Dapingian/Darriwilian boundary is apparent in Baltica, Laurentia, and onshore and offshore areas, and abundant variability in diversification rates is apparent over other time intervals for these paleocontinents and paleoenvironments. This observation hints at global mechanisms for the spike in origination rates at the Dapingian/Darriwilian boundary but a domination of more regional and local mechanisms over other time intervals in the Ordovician.
Processes of Religious and Spiritual Influence in Adolescence: Introduction to a Special Section

This paper serves as the lead article introducing the special section of the Journal of Research on Adolescence focused on processes of religious and spiritual influence during adolescence. The purpose of the special section is to review prior theory and research on the processes by which religiosity and spirituality might influence youth outcomes, present original cutting-edge theory and research on processes of religious and spiritual influence, and point to the most fruitful directions and methodological approaches for future work in the area. The special section is guided by eight research questions which push researchers to go beyond mere bivariate associations between religion/spirituality and youth outcomes to unpacking the processes of influence at work.
Survival and recovery atrypid fauna following the terminal Ordovician extinction, the Atrypinae: central Oslo Region, Norway

The atrypid fauna immediately following the end-Ordovician extinction event is poorly known. Siliciclastic strata of the Solvik Formation in the central Oslo region was deposited during the latest ...
Untangling the Web: Comparing the Impact of the Internet onthe National Archives, the National Library and the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

This research sought answers to twoimportant questions regarding the impact of theInternet on three New Zealand cultural institutions:the National Archives, the National Library and theMuseum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. First, whatimpact has the Internet had on policy development ineach institution? Second, what are the attitudes ofthe professional staff toward the integration of theInternet into the workplace? The findings are comparedto determine the extent to which the experiences ofintegrating the Internet into each institution's corebusiness are similar and different. The resultsrevealed several important findings: 1. policyregarding the Internet has been most extensivelydeveloped at the National Library; 2. the Internet isnot currently as central to the delivery of coreservices at the National Archives or the Museum of NewZealand Te Papa Tongarewa as it is at the NationalLibrary; 3. the majority of the professional staff atall three institutions responded that they were either`very positive' or `somewhat positive' about theintegration of the Internet into their environment,although most felt that their core professional dutieswere not being fundamentally altered. The conclusionsand some recommendations for each institution toconsider in addressing Internet technology developmentare provided.
Activation of the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway is inversely associated with estrogen receptor levels and correlates with survival in hormone receptor-positive Her2/neu-negative breast cancer

10588 Background: Hormone receptor-positive is the most common subtype of breast cancer. Despite the successes of antihormone therapy alone or combined with chemotherapy, a significant proportion o...
Effects of Spectral Interference on High-Accuracy Ranging in Coherent Distributed Arrays

The effects of noise-like interference on spectrally-sparse, high-accuracy microwave ranging for coherent distributed antenna arrays are analyzed in this work. Coherent operation between separate nodes in distributed arrays is dependent on the level of accuracy in estimating the internode distances. Internode ranging accuracy is mainly affected by the waveform characteristics along with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in the case of added interference. In this work it is shown that the optimal bandwidth of the ranging waveform (a spectrally-sparse, two-tone signal) is dependent on the spectral shape of the interference.
Statistical Analysis: Getting to Insight Through Collaboration and Critical Thinking

Statistical analyses are key for deriving important insights from quantitative data in educational research. While the technical aspects of statistics can seem daunting, and expert consultation is well-advised, we do not advise thinking of analysis as a task to be “handed off” to a statistician after data is collected. Instead, analyses are best completed in close collaboration with a broad research team beginning early in the conceptualization of the research. This chapter outlines foundational concepts in statistics with the goal of familiarizing non-statisticians with key terms and concepts. We also share tips and tricks for running analyses and writing about your findings. Our hope is that readers who consider themselves statistically “challenged” will appreciate that their critical thinking about analyses can be essential to conducting sound and insightful research, provided a basic understanding of content and a team-centered approach.
Direct Detection of Sub-GeV Dark Matter: Models and Constraints

I will make some general comments about the search for dark matter and other new particles, contrasting current research trends with those 10 years ago. I will then focus on recent ideas for direct detection experiments to search for dark matter with masses in the MeV-to-GeV range. I will then discuss briefly three topics: (i) the solar neutrino background (or “how low in cross section (interaction strength) can future direct-detection experiments probe before solar neutrinos become an irreducible background”), (ii) novel constraints on low-mass dark matter from Supernova 1987A, and (iii) strongly interacting dark matter (or “how large in cross section can direct-detection experiments probe before terrestrial effects stop sub-GeV dark matter from reaching the detector”).
Early exit from neonatal therapeutic hypothermia: A single institution experience using MRI to guide decision-making.

BACKGROUND To evaluate the feasibility of a protocol using combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), clinical data, and electroencephalogram (EEG) to identify neonates with mild neonatal encephalopathy (NE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) who are eligible for "early exit". METHODS Retrospective chart review of TH cases at a single Level III NICU over a 5-year period was used to describe the demographic, clinical, and outcome data in neonates that received early exit in contrast to 72 hour TH treatment. RESULTS Two hundred and eight TH cases, including 18 early exit cases (9%) and 9 cases (4%) evaluated for early exit with MRI but continued on 72 hours of TH, were identified. Early exit and 72 hour treatment groups did not differ in demographics or cord gas measures, although early exit neonates had a shorter length of stay (p < 0.05). Consistent with the early exit protocol, no early exit infants had evidence of moderate or severe encephalopathy on EEG or evidence of hypoxic ischemic injury on MRI at 24 hours of life. Neurology follow up between age 1 and 18 months was available for 10 early exit infants, 8 of whom had a normal examination. CONCLUSIONS Early MRI at 24 hours of age, alongside clinical and EEG criteria, is feasible as part of a protocol to identify neonates eligible for early exit from therapeutic hypothermia.
Efficient Photoinduced Energy Transfer in Porphyrin-Based Nanomaterials

Synthesis, characterization, and ultrafast dynamics of porphyrin- and zinc porphyrin-based nanomaterials are reported. Spherical nanoparticles composed of a group of uniform materials based on orga...
Strong-Field Ionization in Bicircular Laser Fields

Ionization with intense bicircular laser pulses is studied using a classical ensemble method utilizing a high-performance computing cluster. Electron momenta, energy, timing, and rescattering trajectories are explored as a function of laser field parameters.
Probabilistic Annotations for Protocol Models

We describe how a probabilistic Hoare logic with localities can be used for reasoning about security. As a proof-of-concept, we analyze Vernam and El-Gamal cryptosystems, prove the security properties that they do satisfy, and disprove those that they do not. We also consider a version of the Muddy Children puzzle, where children’s trust and noise are taken into account.
The Effects of Assessment Quality on Revenue Volatility

This paper examines the relationships between assessment quality, property tax revenue volatility, and other revenue volatility using panel data of all 100 counties in North Carolina between 2003 and 2007. Findings suggest that characteristics of the property tax base are the most important predictors of property tax revenue volatility among counties over time. Specifically, increases in assessed value and years in which a mass revaluation occurs are most influential in determining property tax revenue volatility. The second stage of analysis reveals that population, nontax revenue dependence, property tax dependence, and assessment quality have the greatest influences on volatility of other revenues among counties over time. The effect of assessment quality on nonproperty tax revenue volatility is conditional upon a county's property tax dependence.
Foreign women in Japanese television advertising: Content analyses of a cultural convergence paradigm

Purpose – Acculturation theory shows how foreign actors have evolved in Japanese television commercials. If advertising mirrors culture, foreign businesses trying to advertise products in Japan need to be aware of societal changes and tailor their messages to the preferences of the local population. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – Content analysis explores the changing role of foreign female actors in Japanese television advertising for the years 1992 and 2002. Advertisements' setting, roles, appeals, and verbal and nonverbal communications are tested by chi‐square analysis.Findings – Ads from the 2002 data set show increases in both traditional and modern themes in regards to the location of the ads, roles foreign females play, the advertising appeals, and the use of Japanese communication modalities. The findings suggest that advertisers are consciously or unconsciously incorporating cultural assimilation when ads include foreign actors.Research limitations/implicat...
On the nullification of stress-concentration factors by stress equalization

During a recent design study involving a critically stressed “tongue-and-groove” type compression joint of dissimilar materials, a novel technique was conceived for nullifying the effects of an otherwise high local stress-concentration factor. In principle, the nominal stresses in the tongue-and-groove portions of the joint are forced to be uniform. For idealizedfit conditions, the stress concentration in the fillet under this stress-equalized condition is theorized to approach unity (1.00). In the present paper, experimental verification is provided.
The application of experimental data to blade wake interaction noise prediction

Blade Wake Interaction noise (BWI) was defined by Brooks et al [3] as the broadband noise generated by the ingestion of turbulent trailing tip vortices by helicopter rotors. This was shown to be the dominant contributor to the subjectively important part of the acoustic spectrum for the approach stage of a helicopter flyover. Glegg [6] developed a prediction method for BWI noise based on the calculated trailing vortex trajectories and estimates of the vortex turbulence based on measurements by Phillips and Graham [11]. These measurements were made on a trailing vortex from a split wing arrangement and did not give the spectrum of the velocity fluctuations. This paper will describe a recent experiment which has been carried out to measure the turbulence associated with a trailing vortex and the application of the results to BWI noise prediction.
Anastomotic leak after cabrol composite graft procedure: diagnosis by computed tomographic angiography and treatment by covered stent.

In the Cabrol technique of ascending aortic repair, an aortic inclusion graft incorporates a smaller coronary tube graft, which is anastomosed side-to-side to the aortic graft. The coronary arteries are then anastomosed to this coronary tube graft in an end-to-end fashion.1 The computed tomographic angiographic appearance of the Cabrol composite graft procedure has been previously described.2 A 73-year-old man had undergone Cabrol aortic root repair 17 years earlier. A computed tomographic angiogram showed a patent ascending aortic tube graft surrounded by an ascending aortic aneurysm, an occluded right limb of the coronary graft, and an occluded right coronary artery. The left limb of the coronary graft and its anastomosis to the left main coronary artery were patent, as were the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries. However, there was a graft leak in the aneurysmal sac surrounding the aortic graft. The axial images showed a contrast jet into the aneurysmal sac that originated from the anastomosis of the coronary graft to the left main coronary artery (Fig. 1). Selective coronary angiography confirmed the diagnosis by revealing active extravasation of contrast agent from the anastomosis into the aneurysmal sac. After consultation with Cardiothoracic Surgery, we decided to treat with covered stents, due to the high risk of reoperation. The leak at the anastomosis to the left main was sealed with 2 balloon-expandable, 22-mm-long covered stents placed in overlapping fashion (iCast™, Atrium Medical Corporation; Hudson, NH). Follow-up by multidetector computed tomographic angiography at 2 weeks showed resolution of the leak and complete thrombosis of the aneurysmal sac (Fig. 2). Fig. 2 Curved multiplanar reformatted image of electrocardiographic-gated multidetector computed tomographic angiography obtained 2 weeks after the intervention. The image shows good stent position, patency of the coronary graft and coronary artery, and ... Fig. 1 Curved multiplanar reformatted (A and B) and 3-D volume-rendered (C) images of non-gated multidetector computed tomographic angiography. A) A graft leak is evidenced by hyperdensity in the aneurysmal sac (arrowheads) due to extravasation of contrast ...
In vitro Toxicology of the Respiratory System

The lungs represent an important target organ for toxicants and present particular challenges regarding the development of in vitro methodologies and their use in screening of pneumotoxicants and in understanding mechanisms by which chemicals injure the respiratory tract. The development of in vitro lung methodologies for use in mechanistic studies has received considerable attention over the past several years. Some methods, for example, lung organ culture and culture of specific airway epithelial cells, presently are best described as still under development. Others, such as isolated, perfused lung preparations, have been used for many years and are well characterized. Attention among toxicologists to developing methods for in vitro screening of potential pneumotoxicants has been less than that devoted to certain other tissues, such as the eye and skin. Indeed, there seem to be relatively few investigators interested in development of in vitro lung screening methodologies as a major focus of study. Perhaps this is due to less external pressure of the types that have driven efforts in areas such as ocular and dermal testing.
ECONOMY OF “INVISIBLE DEBT” AND ETHICS OF “RADICAL HOSPITALITY”: Toward a Paradigm Change of Hospitality from “Gift” to “Forgiveness”

The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct a Christian theology of “hospitality” through a critical reading of Jacques Derrida and Friedrich Nietzsche as well as through an in-depth biblical and theological reflection on the ethics of hospitality. Out of this reconstructive investigation, I propose a new Christian ethics of hospitality as a radical kind. As a new paradigm, this radical hospitality is distinguished from other types in that it is no longer conceived on the model of “gift”. The new Christian ethics of hospitality is rather reconstructed on the model of “forgiveness” by critically appropriating the concept of “invisible debt” that lies between the hosting citizens and the migrants in the senses of “you owe us your presence” and “I owe you my security and success.” While the hospitality of the gift defines the relationship between the hosting citizens and the migrants as givers and givees, the new paradigm of hospitality identifies this relationship as between creditors and debtors. In this regard, a new Christian hospitality called for unto citizens of the hosting society is a radical kind that challenges them to transcend the creditor-debtor consciousness.
The future of NATO enlargement after the Ukraine crisis

Russian President Vladimir Putin claims that his country's annexation of Crimea in March 2014 was partly in response to NATO enlargement. NATO leaders counter that eastern enlargement is not a cause of the Ukraine crisis, and they argue that enlargement does not threaten Russia, but rather it creates stability for all of Europe. This article examines the history of NATO–Russian tensions over enlargement, considers how NATO's enlargement policy factored into the Ukraine crisis, and reviews options for the future of enlargement. Drawing on diplomatic history and geopolitical theory, the article explains Russia's persistent hostility towards NATO's policy of eastward expansion and highlights NATO's failure to convert Russia to its liberal world-view. The alliance's norm-driven enlargement policy has hindered the creation of an enduring NATO–Russia cooperative relationship and helped fuel the outbreak of conflict in Georgia and Ukraine. In light of this, NATO should alter its current enlargement policy by infusing it with geopolitical rationales. This means downgrading the transformative and democratization elements of enlargement and, instead, focusing on how candidate countries add to NATO capabilities and impact overall alliance security. A geopolitically-driven enlargement policy would prioritize countries in the Balkan and Scandinavian regions for membership and openly exclude Georgia and Ukraine from membership. Ultimately, this policy would have the effect of strengthening NATO while giving it more flexibility in dealing with Russia
Constructing learning spaces: What we can learn from studies of informal learning online

Abstract A report from the market research firm Ambient Insight indicated that by 2015, 25 million post-secondary students in the United States could be enrolled in an online course ( Adkins, 2011 ). As a consequence, they argued, we will see a decline in student enrollment in physical classrooms. In fact, the report estimated a five-year decline of 22 percent (from 14.4 million in 2010 to 4.1 million in 2015) in students attending traditional classrooms. Yet, in the face of these projections and despite innovation in educational technologies, there remains a consistent number of academics who are concerned that the quality of online instruction is not equal to face-to-face (f2f) encounters ( Allen & Seaman, 2011 ). It is this question—a question of learning and how to facilitate high quality experiences—that we take up in this article. This question forces us to consider simultaneously: 1) what are the conditions that are necessary for learning to occur in online spaces, and 2) what are the best practices associated with effective learning these environments? To these ends, we focus on the characteristics of digital informal learning environments and on how these environments are constructed rhetorically and primarily discursively via deliberate facilitation strategies focused on encouraging learning.