cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient-fault recovery using simultaneous multithreading

We propose a scheme for transient-fault recovery called Simultaneously and Redundantly Threaded processors with Recovery (SRTR) that enhances a previously proposed scheme for transient-fault detection, called Simultaneously and Redundantly Threaded (SRT) processors. SRT replicates an application into two communicating threads, one executing ahead of the other. The trailing thread repeats the computation performed by the leading thread, and the values produced by the two threads are compared. In SRT, a leading instruction may commit before the check for faults occurs, relying on the trailing thread to trigger detection. In contrast, SRTR must not allow any leading instruction to commit before checking occurs, since a faulty instruction cannot be undone once the instruction commits.To avoid stalling leading instructions at commit while waiting for their trailing counterparts, SRTR exploits the time between the completion and commit of leading instructions. SRTR compares the leading and trailing values as soon as the trailing instruction completes, typically before the leading instruction reaches the commit point. To avoid increasing the bandwidth demand on the register file for checking register values, SRTR uses the register value queue (RVQ) to hold register values for checking. To reduce the bandwidth pressure on the RVQ itself, SRTR employs dependence-based checking elision (DBCE). By reasoning that faults propagate through dependent instructions, DBCE exploits register (true) dependence chains so that only the last instruction in a chain uses the RVQ, and has the leading and trailing values checked. SRTR performs within 1% and 7% of SRT for SPEC95 integer and floating-point programs, respectively: While SRTR without DBCE incurs about 18% performance loss when the number of RVQ ports is reduced from four (which is performance-equivalent to an unlimited number) to two ports, with DBCE, a two-ported RVQ performs within 2% of a four-ported RVQ.
Probable Interaction Between Warfarin and Torsemide

Objective:To report a case in which the anticoagulation effect of warfarin appeared to be potentiated by torsemide, possibly due to an interference of metabolism through competition for the CYP2C9 isoenzyme and protein-binding displacement of warfarin.Case Summary:A 43-year-old Hispanic female with congestive heart failure, hypothyroidism, anemia, atrial fibrillation, and a mitral mechanical valve replacement was effectively anticoagulated with a target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5–3.5 on a warfarin regimen of 50–52.5 mg/wk. One week following the initiation of torsemide 40 mg in the morning and 20 mg in the afternoon, a marked increase in the INR occurred (6.2), requiring a warfarin dosage reduction. Subsequent titrations over a 3-week period eventually resulted in the achievement of a therapeutic INR (from 3.3 to 2.9) with a new warfarin regimen of 47.5 mg/wk.Discussion:Both torsemide and warfarin are highly protein-bound to albumin and are major substrates for the CYP2C9 isoenzyme. Compe...
Localization for robotic assemblies with position uncertainty

This paper presents a localization strategy for robotic assemblies with position uncertainty. The assembly of parts whose position uncertainty exceeds assembly clearance has to rely on either visual assistance or searching to achieve parts mating. We present a general strategy, applicable to arbitrary peg-in-hole assemblies, that localizes the misalignment of the mating parts in an efficient manner. The strategy explores the assembly contact configuration space and matches its observations to a pre-acquired C-space map. Simulations and experiments for various assembly scenarios are presented.
Race-related health disparities and biological aging: does rate of telomere shortening differ across blacks and whites?

Recent work suggests that leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of cellular aging, is sensitive to effects of social stress and may also provide early indication of premature aging. Using data from a birth cohort with LTL information at birth and in middle adulthood we examined a potential source of race-based health disparity by testing the hypothesis that Blacks would demonstrate a faster rate of telomere shortening than Whites. Linear regression analyses were conducted and adjusted for pack years, BMI, education and social factors, diet, exercise, marital status, and age. At birth black individuals had LTLs that were longer, on average, than their White counterparts (b = 3.85, p < 0.01). However, rate of shortening was greater for Blacks, who showed a larger difference in length between birth and adulthood (b = 5.10, p = 0.01) as compared with Whites, resulting in smaller racial differences in absolute adult LTL.
Phosphorylation and Function of the Kaposin B Direct Repeats of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes a protein, kaposin B, which is composed of multiple copies of 23-amino-acid direct repeats, termed DR2 and DR1. Kaposin B enhances the release of pathogenetically important proinflammatory cytokines by activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-MK2 kinase pathway and blocking cytokine mRNA decay. Here, we show that this mRNA stabilization function requires both the DR2 and DR1 elements of kaposin B; a monomeric form of the protein consisting of one copy of each repeat retains function. Furthermore, we show that p38 MAPK is capable of directly phosphorylating kaposin B in vitro and map the site of phosphorylation to a specific serine residue in DR1. Mutational ablation of this serine abolishes phosphorylation of the protein by p38 MAPK but does not affect kaposin B's ability to extend mRNA half-life.
Hemodynamic effects of cecal ligation sepsis in dogs

Cecal ligation sepsis was studied in eight pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs with hemodynamic measurements at baseline, 2 days after cecal ligation, and following Ringer’s lactate resuscitation. Microsphere techniques were used to measure peripheral arteriovenous (A-V) shunting and distribution of cardiac output. Cecal ligation sepsis was manifested by pyrexia, leukocytosis, decreased blood pressure, and purulent peritonitis. Although cardiac index (CI) increased in two, decreased in four, and was unchanged in two dogs, femoral artery blood flow (FAQ) decreased in all animals (125 to 84 ml/mitt, P < 0.01). Hindlimb A-V 0, difference increased while 0, consumption and A-V shunting did not change. Distribution of cardiac output increased significantly to the kidneys (f63%, P < 0.01) and liver (Tl68%, P < O.Ol), but was unchanged to skin, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Intrarenal distribution of blood flow did not change despite increased total renal blood flow during sepsis. Ringer’s lactate resuscitation (20 ml/kg) during sepsis increased CI, while FAQ and A-V Or differences returned to baseline values. Hindlimh A-V shunting remained low and unchanged. In contrast to the effects of local inflammation in canine septic hindlimbs, there does not appear to be a specific vasodilator released during cecal ligation sepsis which causes increased peripheral blood flow and elevated A-V shunting. Cecal ligation in dogs, however, does not mimic the disproportionately low peripheral resistance and reduced 0, extraction seen in hyperdynamic human sepsis. These results should, therefore, be interpreted with caution.
Negotiating Hegemonic Masculinity in a Batterer Intervention Program

Domestic violence represents a crucial underpinning of women's continued subordination, which is why much scholarly and activist energy has been expended in designing, implementing, and evaluating programs to reduce it. On the basis of three years of fieldwork, the authors analyze the interactional processes through which masculinity was constructed in one such program. They find that facilitators had success in getting the men to agree to take responsibility, use egalitarian language, control anger, and choose nonviolence, but the men were successful in resisting taking victims' perspectives, deflecting facilitators' overtures to be emotionally vulnerable, and defining themselves as hardworking men entitled to a patriarchal dividend. The authors' analysis contributes to understandings of how hegemonic masculinity is interactionally constituted, and it adds evidence to the debate about such programs' effectiveness by raising the issue of how well the program met its goal of transforming masculinity.
BINDER REMOVAL FROM CERAMICS

▪ Abstract The physico-chemical processes that occur during binder thermolysis of porous ceramic bodies are reviewed. The discussion initially focuses on intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of polymer degradation, with emphasis on the formation of volatile degradation products and involatile carbonaceous residue. The transport of volatile species (e.g. residual solvents, plasticizers, etc) and degradation products through both empty and binder-filled pores is then considered. The particular case of debinding highly loaded ceramic bodies is addressed in detail. Recent developments in modeling the onset of defect formation and the effects of capillary redistribution of thermoplastic binders on removal kinetics are outlined. On the basis of this fundamental knowledge, the criteria for optimizing binder removal processes is established.
The Political Relevance of Political Trust

Scholars have debated the importance of declining political trust to the American political system. By primarily treating trust as a dependent variable, however, scholars have systematically underestimated its relevance. This study establishes the importance of trust by demonstrating that it is simultaneously related to measures of both specific and diffuse support. In fact, trust's effect on feelings about the incumbent president, a measure of specific support, is even stronger than the reverse. This provides a fundamentally different understanding of the importance of declining political trust in recent years. Rather than simply a reflection of dissatisfaction with political leaders, declining trust is a powerful cause of this dissatisfaction. Low trust helps create a political environment in which it is more difficult for leaders to succeed.
Scientific problems in the regulation of red blood cell products

BACKGROUND: For the past 30 years, red blood cell (RBC) storage systems have been licensed in the United States based on the demonstration that 24-hour in vivo recovery was greater than 75% and hemolysis was less than 1%. Now additional requirements for storage system licensure have being added. The meaning and value of these new requirements have been questioned. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The literature regarding the performance of present and suggested new tests for RBC licensure was reviewed. RESULTS: 51Cr 24-hr in vivo recovery has an intrinsic 4% error of measurement whereas the error in measures of hemolysis is less than 0.1%. Both measures have large donor-dependent end-of-storage variability; nevertheless, they have successfully guided RBC storage system development for six decades. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate are difficult to measure accurately and international shared-sample studies suggest 6 and 11% coefficients of variation across laboratories. There is no readily available way to measure the oxygen equilibrium curve accurately. The new failure criteria provide no useful information and randomly fail good products. CONCLUSIONS: Attempts to expand the useful regulatory requirements for RBC storage system licensure are limited by poor understanding of the storage lesion and its effect of RBC performance. Measures of 51Cr 24-hour in vivo recovery remain critical and resources for this measure are limiting. The interaction between limited testing resources and large donor variability remains a major limit on RBC storage system development. It is important that new required tests contribute meaningful information and not make development and licensure of better products more difficult.
KPC-Toolbox: Simple Yet Effective Trace Fitting Using Markovian Arrival Processes

We present the KPC-Toolbox, a collection of MATLAB scripts for fitting workload traces into Markovian arrival processes (MAPs) in an automatic way. We first present detailed sensitivity analysis that builds intuition on which trace descriptors are most important for queueing. This sensitivity analysis stresses the importance of matching higher-order correlations (i.e., joint moments) of the process inter-arrival times rather than higher order moments of the distribution and provides guidance on the relative importance of different descriptors on queueing. Given that the MAP parameterization space can be very large, we focus on first determining the order of the smallest MAP that can fit the trace well, using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for determining the best order-accuracy tradeoff. Having determined the order of the target MAP, the KPC-Toolbox automatically derives a MAP that captures accurately the most essential features of the trace. Extensive experimentation illustrates the effectiveness of the KPC-Toolbox in fitting traces that are well-documented in the literature as very challenging to fit, showing that the KPC-Toolbox provides a simple and powerful solution to fitting accurately trace data into MAPs.
Compatibility Issues for a High Temperature Dual Coolant Blanket

One proposed U.S. test blanket module (TBM) for ITER uses ferritic-martensitic alloys with both eutectic Pb-Li and He coolants at ∼475°C. In order for this blanket concept to operate at higher temperatures (∼750°C) for a DEMO-type reactor, several Pb-Li compatibility issues need to be addressed. A SiC/SiC composite flow channel insert is proposed to reduce the steel dissolution rate (and the magnetohydrodynamic pressure drop). Prior capsule testing examined dense, high-purity SiC in Pb-Li at 800°-1200°C and found detectable levels of Si in the Pb-Li after 2,000h at 1100°C and 1,000h at 1200°C. Current capsule experiments are examining several different SiC/SiC composite materials at 1000°C. Another issue involves Pb-Li transport between the first wall and heat exchanger. Aluminide coatings on type 316 stainless steel and Al-containing alloys capable of forming an external alumina scale have been studied in capsule experiments at 700° and 800°C for 1,000h. Model aluminide coatings made by chemical vapor deposition reduced the dissolution rate for 316SS at 800°C by a factor of 50.
On Optimal Regulation Policies for Certain Multi-Reservoir Systems

Optimal regulation policies for two reservoirs connected in series, with seasonal and possibly cross-correlated inflows, are analytically characterized when the immediate reward function is a piecewise linear concave function of the release and the objective is to maximize the expected discounted rewards over finite and infinite time horizons. The optimal policies are expressed in terms of certain critical numbers for which upper and lower bounds are obtained. We propose a heuristic approach for multi-reservoir systems under less restrictive assumptions and apply it to two reservoirs connected in parallel.
New oceanographic research emphases at ONR

The environmental sciences program of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) is planning new research emphases in three areas. Although the scientific areas for research emphasis can and do change in the more stable, or core portion, of the program, much of the growth and modification of direction of the research program occur by identification of discrete packages of potential research effort for special emphasis over a planned time interval. These packages of potential research effort are called Special Focus Programs (SFPs). Their duration is typically on the order of 5 years, although the lifetime of any specific task or investigation may be significantly shorter or may extend beyond the SFP duration by being incorporated within a new emphasis or within the core program.
Circulation and Flushing in the Lagoonal System of the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTMNERR), Florida

Abstract Circulation and flushing inside the lagoon system of Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTMNERR or GTM) have been studied using a three-dimensional numerical circulation model CH3D. The lagoon system includes two tidal inlets (St. Augustine Inlet and Matanzas Inlet). To ensure accuracy in model results, we extend the model domain to include a large portion of the coastal water and the Ponce de Leon Inlet in the south. Water levels on the open boundaries are provided by the East Coast (2001) ADCIRC Tidal Database. Model simulations of barotropic and baroclinic circulation from April 1 to May 31, 2004, produced reasonable water levels at numerous stations inside the GTM. Simulated salinity results are not as good because of the lack of freshwater inflow data inside the GTM and salinity data offshore. Using the simulated flow fields, we solve the three-dimensional transport equations for conservative species, and determine the flushing characteristics inside the GTM in term...
THE EFFICACY OF A POPULATION-BASED COMPARISON GROUP IN CROSS-SECTIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH STUDIES

The availability and the choice of appropriate comparison groups are essential for valid occupational epidemiologic studies. Too often, however, adequate comparison groups cannot easily be found within a workplace environment or extracted from the general population. An evaluation of the efficacy of using a pool of comparison subjects from the health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) was performed on data gathered by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in 1979. Comparison groups from the HANES pool were derived for 246 workers at four different commercial/industrial facilities in the Niagara Falls, New York, area and the comparability between the groups was assessed for several demographic, behavioural, and biomedical variables. The HANES groups exhibited a high degree of comparability with regard to most variables, excluding ancestry. The HANES pool may serve as a useful source of subjects to allow for the comparison of disease rates where occupational exposure is the key distinguishing feature between groups.
A Modified Urinary Excretion Test for Measuring Oral Cobalt60 Labeled Vitamin B12 Absorption and its Application in Certain Disease States

1. Factors relating to the urinary excretion test for oral vitamin B12 absorption were studied. A modified procedure is presented giving a high percentage of urinary recovery of radioactivity in the normal. 2. Values in the pernicious anemia range were found in the presence of acute infection and severe renal insufficiency. Other limitations in the interpretation of the test are discussed.
Police Endorse Color-Blind Racial Beliefs More Than Laypersons

Racial disparities in the US criminal justice system (CJS) have been extensively documented in scholarly work. Critical race scholars have suggested that color-blind racial attitudes inform the set of beliefs that CJS practitioners use in decision making. If this is the case, factors that are related to color-blind racial attitude trends in CJS practitioners must be better understood. We focus on a single CJS practitioner—the police—to assess their color-blind racial beliefs and compare these to the broader US public. Using the Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS), we identified sociodemographic variables associated with high CoBRAS scores in a multiracial lay sample (N = 1401; males and females, mean age = 33.4 years). Police (N = 112) and police recruits (N = 52) CoBRAS scores were compared to CoBRAS scores of lay participants with similar sociodemographics as the police and recruit samples, (respectively, N = 451; N = 291). Police scored significantly higher on the CoBRAS than laypersons even when controlling for sociodemographic variables. Police recruits also have higher CoBRAS scores than laypersons, again controlling for sociodemographic variables. These findings suggest that police work attracts people who endorse color-blind racial beliefs. These findings make understanding the relationship between color-blind racial beliefs and discriminatory behavior of CJS practitioners imperative.
Comparison of Borehole Flow Measurements Obtained by Heat Pulse Flowmeter and Dilution Logging in a Fractured Bedrock Aquifer

We compare flow measurements made under ambient and pumping conditions in a bedrock borehole using high-resolution flow (heat pulse flowmeter) and fluid column dilution (repeat conductivity profiles after brine emplacement) methods. A second round of brine emplacement was avoided by using the fluid column conditions at the end of the ambient part of the dilution experiment as the initial condition for the pumping part of the dilution experiment. The estimates of flow by both methods yielded results that were in close agreement. The dilution method yielded direct estimates of flow based on the movement of interfaces, but logistics would have required the experiment to be repeated at two different pumping rates for most accurate results. The flowmeter yielded interval-averaged estimates of flow that agreed with the dilution results, but there was scatter of as much as 100% among the individual flow measurements. The flowmeter also required measurements under more than one pumping rate, and this was logistically much easier to accomplish than for the dilution experiment. We conclude that the methods are largely equivalent, with offsetting advantages and disadvantages for each method such that best results would be obtained using both methods in the same borehole.
‘The last syllable of modernity’: Chaucer in the Caribbean

In the wake of European conquest, multi-racial societies draw on diverse cultural resources in order to conceive of resilient post-conquest identities. This essay builds on Emily Greenwood’s argument that Anglophone Caribbean literary ‘misquotations’ from classical Latin should be read as signs of W.E.B. DuBois’s ‘double consciousness.’ My essay elaborates on this idea for medieval studies by analyzing references to Chaucer in the Anglophone Caribbean. First, this study examines writers who invoke Chaucer in critical essays that address race and literature (Roger Mais, V.S. Naipaul, Edward Kamau Brathwaite). Second, the essay explores an allusion to the Canterbury Tales in Jean Rhys’s short story ‘Again the Antilles’ as a catalyst for a virtuoso creole performance. Finally, the study considers how more recent writers appropriate Chaucer to convey diasporic understandings of race and gender.
Racial disparity in death from colorectal cancer: does vitamin D deficiency contribute?

BACKGROUND: The reasons blacks have higher mortality rates from colorectal cancer (CRC) than non-Hispanic whites are not fully understood. Blacks have higher rates of vitamin D deficiency than non-Hispanic whites, and vitamin D deficiency has been associated with CRC. The authors of this report investigated the association of vitamin D deficiency with excess risk for CRC mortality for blacks in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) that was conducted from 1988 to 1994. METHODS: The association between serum 25(OH)D levels and CRC mortality and its contribution to elevated risk among blacks were studied using baseline data from NHANES III and CRC mortality data through 2006 from the National Death Index. By using survival models, the adjusted risk of death from CRC for African Americans was examined with and without adjusting for vitamin D deficiency, which was defined as an 25(OH)D level <20 ng/dL. RESULTS: Black race (hazard ratio [HR], 2.03; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.04-3.95), age (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.09-1.15), not having health insurance (HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.12-5.36), and a history of CRC (HR, 7.22; 95% CI, 2.12-24.6) predicted CRC mortality. When added to the model, vitamin D deficiency was associated significantly with CRC mortality (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.11-4.00), and the effect of race was decreased (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.87-2.93); the 40% attenuation was statistically significant (F1,49 = 4.85; P = .03). Similar results were observed when participants who had a history of CRC were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings were consistent with the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency contributes to excess African-American mortality from CRC. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The School-to-Prison Pipeline: Disproportionate Impact on Vulnerable Children and Adolescents:

This conceptual article synthesizes the empirical research on punitive environmental norms of schools and the disproportionate effects on certain child and adolescent groups, particularly within urban schools. This involvement has come to be known as the school-to-prison pipeline. The young people affected by harsh school discipline protocols and involved formally with the juvenile courts share a number of common vulnerabilities. A review of these common risk factors that children and adolescents experience is presented first. This is followed by identification of which child and adolescent groups are disproportionately involved in the pipeline: the impoverished, those of color, maltreatment victims, students with special education disabilities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. Language: en
Prognosis of Severe Diarrhea Associated with Hypernatremia in Children

Objective To evaluate the factors in relation to prognosis of severe diarrhea associated with hypernatremia in children.Methods The medical records of severe diarrhea and hypernatremia admitted to pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) from January 2000 to December 2004 reviewed retrospectively.The relationship between prognosis and serum sodium peak level,severity of diseases,treatment strategies were analyzed in 63 children with severe diarrhea associated with hypernatremia.Results There were 169 severe diarrhea and 85 hypernatremia cases during the study period.In the 169 severe diarrhea children,63 were associated with hypernatremia(37.28%) and accounted for 74.12% of all 85 hypernatremia cases admitted to our PICU.The mean pediatric critical illness score(PCIS) was(75.50±6.83) score in survival group and(60.75±5.34) score in mortality group,with significant statistical difference((t=)5.86 P0.001).The mean serum sodium peak level was(164.12±10.52) mmol/L in survival group and(168.64±12.22) mmol/L in mortality group,with no significant statistical difference(t=-1.11 P0.05).All the children were cured when the reduction rate of serum sodium concentration was between 0.5-1.0 mmol/(L·h).Signs of cerebral edema developed in 8 children and 5 of 8 died when the reduction rate of serum sodium concentration was between 1.2-2.4 mmol/(L·h).Conclusions Severe diarrhea associated with hypernatremia is common in children and is the major cause of hypernatremia in critically ill child.The key to determine the prognosis of severe diarrhea with hypernatremia in children is the severity of disease and the strategies of treatment.
Surveillance of 1136 strains tuberculosis about first-line and second-line antituberculosis drug resistance from 2000 to 2007

Objective:To collect the data of drug resistance based the established surseillance system for antituberculosis drug resistance according to WHO/IUATLD guidelines to evaluate the prevalence trend of 10 antituberculosis drugs commonly.Methods:The study objectives were smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases of HeNan Chest Hospital from 2000 to 2007.susceptibility tests(proportion method for INH,SM,RFP,EMB,TH1321,PAS,AN,KM,OFLX and CPM)were done in all culture positive specimens.Results:1250 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis cases involved in the study.Among of them,1136 were culture positive,the total drug resistance rate was 56.8%.the rate of the tuberculosis multi-drugs resistance is very different.The drug resistance trend was rising yearly.Conclusion:The anti-tuberculosis drug resistant surveillance and quality control system are established.The reliable data on the status of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance results provide the evidences for improvement and assessment on TB control measures and clinical drug use.
Missing the tide? Workplace cultural differences as a barrier to seafarer mobility in the U.S. workboat and sail training sectors

While previous research details the psychological and social benefits of sail training programs for amateur ‘trainees,’ much less is known about the value and transferability of sail training work experience in terms of professional development for seafaring careers. This article reviews the current state of scientific knowledge on sail training and presents the findings of a qualitative study of maritime recruiter perceptions at 10 U.S. flag workboat companies. Results suggest that the maritime industry may benefit from an improved understanding of the role that sail training programs and the sail training community can play in training and inspiring the next generation of motivated and professional seafarers. Workboat recruiters see positive and negative aspects of sail training experience and perceive cultural divides within the maritime industry that may affect a seafarers’ job mobility, whether or not such divides actually exist.
Endoscopic palliation for pancreatic cancer with expandable metal stents

Pancreatic cancer is generally not amenable to curative resection. Consequently, therapeutic efforts for these patients are most commonly directed at palliation of symptoms. Historically, surgery has been considered the most effective method of providing relief for biliary and/or enteric obstruction. However, less invasive methods have become available that can provide effective relief of jaundice and duodenal obstruction. Surgeons should still play an integral role in the management of these patients. We present a case report in which self-expanding metallic stents were used to relieve obstruction of the bile duct and duodenum in a patient with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Campylobacter enteritis in Denver.

Abstract To determine the relative importance of Campylobacter jejuni as a cause of diarrheal illness in patients coming to three hospitals in Denver, we cultured stool specimens from 2,670 patients over a two-year period. C jejuni was identified in the feces of 124 patients (4.6 percent), Salmonella from 90 (3.4 percent) and Shigella from 77 (2.9 percent). Most Campylobacter isolates were obtained in the summer months and from patients 10 to 29 years old. The illness usually lasted less than two weeks; predominant symptoms were diarrhea (98 percent), abdominal pain (88 percent) and fever (82 percent); patients with severe illness frequently had objective evidence of nonspecific colitis. Occult blood and leukocytes were present in stool specimens of 71 percent and 85 percent, respectively, of the patients tested. The duration and severity of illness led to antibiotic therapy in about half of the patients; erythromycin appeared effective. This study confirms the importance of C jejuni as a cause of enteritis; this microorganism should be sought routinely in fecal specimens from patients with diarrhea.
Management of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction : are there differences in patterns of care between VAMC physicians and private practice physicians ?

Uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction is a diagnostic category in which significant changes in patterns of care have occurred in the past 17 years. In this retrospective study, a comparison has been made between actual practice patterns of VA physicians and those reported in literature. Findings demonstrated differences in: length of stay in a monitored bed-5 days vs. 2.8 days; drug preferences--calcium antagonists and nitrates vs. nitrates and plasminogen activators; pre-discharge diagnostic studies--cholesterol/triglyceride levels and coronary angiography vs. lipid levels and exercise electrocardiograms; and patient education--follow-up appointments and diet vs. smoking cessation, diet, and exercise programs.
Characterization of 4H semi-insulating silicon carbide for radiation detector applications

Radiation detectors were fabricated on 8 mm × 8 mm substrates, ∼ 390 μm in thickness, diced from (0001) 4H-SiC semi-insulating (SI) wafer (≥ 1012 Ohm-cm). Our results on characterization including x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron beam induced current (EBIC), chemical etching, cross-polarized imaging, and Raman spectroscopy show the high quality of the SI SiC crystals, which are believed to meet the requirements of fabricating high performance radiation detectors. Current-voltage characteristics showed very low leakage current (∼ 1.5 pA at 500 V) and the capability of detector's operation up to 200°C. Thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurements and high temperature resistivity measurements revealed deep level centers with activation energies 1.1–1.2 eV and 1.56 eV. The TSC peak at ∼ 460K associated with 1.2 eV center was much stronger than the other high temperature peaks (e. g. 370 K due to vanadium, 0.95 eV), indicating that this level along with 1.56 eV level should dominate in controlling the resistivity and carrier lifetime in the studied 4H SiC. Based on literature data, we associate these centers with intrinsic defects.
Internal Reasons and the Motivating Intuition

Internalist theses, as they are usually stated, describe a necessary relation between an agent’s having a reason and some other, usually motivational, fact about the agent. So, for example, internalists might claim that an agent can have a reason to perform some act only if he has a relevant desire, or only if he would be motivated to perform it in suitably idealized circumstances. Why should we accept internalism about reasons?
Ethacrynic acid replacing furosemide for diuretic renal scintigraphy in instance of sulfonamide allergy

1052 Learning Objectives To raise the awareness of ethacrynic acid as substitute to furosemide for provocative diuretic renography in patients with severe cross-reaction to sulfonamide antibiotics. Renal obstructive syndrome is traditionally evaluated by renography with furosemide challenge. Furosemide, a loop diuretic with sulfonamide radical, may induce cross-allergy to patients with severe reaction to sulfonamide antibiotics. Ethacrynic acid, a loop diuretic without sulfonamide moiety, is an adequate option for forced diuresis in case of sulfonamide allergy. The authors present an illustrative case demonstrating the valid substitution of furosemide by ethacrynic acid, which is not explicitly mentioned in any official scintigraphic protocol. A patient with a past history of pyeloplasty had recent CT evidence of dilated pyelocalyceal structures suggestive of recurrent ureteropelvic junction syndrome. Scintigraphic renography confirmed the CT findings. Due to known severe allergy to sulfonamide antiobiotics, diuretic challenge was cautiously switched to 25 milligrams of ethacrynic acid through 25-minute intravenous perfusion. There was satisfactory emptying of the collecting systems ruling out an obstructive uropathy. This poster highlights the use of non-sulfonamide loop diuretic and discusses the cross-allergy to sulfonamide antibiotics
Control of Cuticle Extensibility in the Wings of Adult Manduca At the Time of Eclosion: Effects of Eclosion Hormone and Bursicon

The wings of pharate adult tobacco hornworm moths, Manduca sexta , are relatively inextensible until 3 or 4 h before emergence from the pupal case. At this time the wing cuticle becomes plasticized, so that by the time of eclosion, the wings are readily extensible. This change in the mechanical properties of the wing cuticle is shown to be under the control of a factor from the head. This factor is present in the corpora cardiaca/corpora allata complex, and in the protocerebrum of the brain, being released into the blood prior to eclosion. It is able to act directly on isolated wings. The active principle was found to be indistinguishable in a number of ways from the hormone which triggers emergence from the pupal case, the eclosion hormone. Partial purification of the eclosion hormone failed to separate activity causing eclosion from activity causing wing cuticle plasticization. It is concluded that the same hormone is probably responsible for both effects. The cuticle plasticizing activity of the eclosion hormone forms the basis for a new, highly sensitive bioassay. Another factor, distinct from the eclosion hormone, is able to cause wing cuticle plasticization. This factor is found in the abdominal nerve cord, and is only released into the blood after eclosion has occurred. It is probably identical with the tanning hormone, bursicon, which is released at this time. The factor in the nerve cord which causes cuticle plasticization is indistinguishable from bursicon in a number of ways, including partial purification by gel filtration. Bursicon evidently causes a further increase in wing cuticle extensibility after eclosion, at the time of wing inflation.
Optimal Joint Management of Charging and Battery Swapping Services for Electric Vehicles

Battery charging and battery swapping are the two major techniques to re-energize an electric vehicle. This paper for the first time looks into the joint control problem in a battery charging and swapping station that adopts both re-energizing techniques. A cost minimization problem in the form of mixed integer linear programming is formulated to optimally find the amount charging power and/or the battery pack to swap in at the same time for each EV that requests service. The utility cost under a dynamic energy pricing scheme and the cost associated with battery aging are carefully modeled. Experimental results show that the proposed optimization framework consistently reduce the total energy cost by 80%, 11% and 63% comparing with three baseline algorithms.
Depression in the barrio: An analysis of the risk and protective nature of cultural values among Mexican American substance users.

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the effect of cultural values on depression and how social networks influence these relationships may be important in the treatment of substance-using, Mexican American populations. Latino cultural values, familismo, personalismo, fatalismo, and machismo, may be associated with depression among Latinos. The current study identified the association of traditional Latino values on depressive symptomatology among a sample of Mexican American heroin injectors. A cross-sectional research design and field-intensive outreach methodology were utilized to recruit 227 Mexican American men. Participants were categorized into depressed and nondepressed groups. Relations among cultural values and depression were examined using logistic regression. Findings indicate that drug-using men with higher familismo and fatalismo scores are protected against depressive symptomatology. Relations between familismo and depression seem to be moderated by having a drug use network. In addition, findings reveal ...
Three-Year Study of Students’ Attitudes Toward Physical Education: Grades 4–8

ABSTRACTPurpose: A relationship exists between attitudes toward physical education and future physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in attitude toward physical education as students progressed from upper elementary school (Grade 4) through middle school (Grade 8). Method: Three cohorts of students (Cohort 1, Grades 4–6, n = 96; Cohort 2, Grades 5–7, n = 71; and Cohort 3, Grades 6–8, n = 73) were each followed for 3 years to examine changes in attitudes toward physical education. Results: After an initial increase from Grade 4 to Grade 5, a significant decrease was observed from Grades 5 to 8 in students’ positive attitudes toward physical education, with a faster rate of change for girls than boys. Conclusion: This longitudinal study provides further insights regarding the attitudes of students as they progress from Grade 4 to Grade 8 and expands on previous findings identifying decreasing positive attitudes toward physical education as students age, particularly for girls. T...
Embryo Adoption Before and After Dignitas personae : Defending an Argument of Limited Permissibility

Prior to the 2008 publication of Dignitas personae [DP] most ethical analyses of embryo adoption consisted in debates regarding the intrinsic morality of heterologous embryo transfer [HET]. Once DP spoke to the issue, interpretive disagreements arose. We classify the literature into three types of interpretations of DP: Inherent Wrongness Arguments, Inextricably Implicated Arguments, and Limited Permissibility Arguments. We argue against the first two types of interpretations of DP and interpret DP in keeping with what we refer to as Limited Permissibility Arguments. We demonstrate the possibility of morally pursuing embryo adoption [EA], showing both that it is not excluded by DP and that it is grounded in the moral and social teaching of the Church. We conclude not only that EA is a defensible option for “spare” frozen embryos under the terms of DP, but also that it is the only morally praiseworthy option for the disposition of frozen embryos under specific conditions. We argue that HET is morally praiseworthy when undertaken by married couples with the vocation for parenthood who intend to respond to the needs of vulnerable humans by welcoming embryos regardless of quality after thawing and who act in solidarity with both the commissioning parents of the embryos and with the embryos. We secure our argument through a preliminary discussion of the theology of adoption, the scripturally warranted call to Christian stewardship and two principles of Catholic Social Teaching: the preferential option for the poor and vulnerable and solidarity.
Quietly Chasing Kigali: Young Men and the Intolerance of Informality in Rwanda’s Capital City

As Rwanda pursues its goals of becoming a middle-income country by 2020, it enacts increasingly intolerant policies towards informal traders—seeking to promote a clean, efficient, contemporary image of itself to the world. In its preoccupation with constructing itself as a modern urban centre, Kigali has become a city that does not cater to the majority of its people. This paper investigates the livelihood practices of young men in Kigali and argues that the city’s prescriptive, exclusivist policies are detrimental to the people that are most unable to meet its rigid norms. Arguing for a more dynamic understanding of Kigali as a post-conflict city, I contend that, since Rwanda’s “open moment” after its genocide in 1994, the city’s ambitious development goals have been rendered in a way that is both harmful and unrealistic given the country’s current constraints. The work of young men within the informal economy in Kigali is dis-incentivised and criminalised rather than supported and encouraged. They are chased away from the city’s main streets, often towards prisons and “rehabilitation” centres. Young people are not able to adequately contest this formation and vision of Kigali, nor can they publicly protest their treatment by the government. These outcomes are exacerbated by their reluctance to face the harsh consequences for doing so, resulting in the proliferation of self-censorship. This paper argues that Rwanda’s urban policies are set out of the reach of its youthful population—who, in turn, are forced to “chase” after the city’s vision of development.
Unusual soft mode dynamics in ferroelectric PbTiO3 nanowire under different mechanical boundary conditions

First-principles-based atomistic simulations are used to investigate equilibrium phases and soft mode dynamics in ultrathin ferroelectric PbTiO3 nanowire with poor surface charge compensation subjected to a wide range of mechanical boundary conditions. The presence of the depolarizing field along the nanowire's transverse directions leads to the appearance of a unique high-frequency hard phonon mode that can be used to characterize electrical boundary conditions. This mode is insensitive to the mechanical load. Hydrostatic pressure was found to significantly influence the Curie point and ferroelectric soft modes in the nanowire. Uniaxial stress applied either along axial or transverse nanowire's direction is capable of inducing polydomain flux-closure phases that have a unique “dynamical” fingerprint. In such phases, the modes that originate from the soft modes of bulk PbTiO3 become hard, which could open a way to potential identification of such nanodomain phases. In all cases, uniaxial stress significan...
Viscous dynamics of vortices in a ferromagnetic film

We derive viscous forces for vortices in a thin-film ferromagnet. The viscous force acting on vortex $i$ is a linear superposition ${\mathbf{F}}_{i}=\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\sum}}_{j}{\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{D}}_{ij}{\mathbf{V}}_{j}$, where ${\mathbf{V}}_{j}$ is the velocity of vortex $j$. Thanks to the long-range nature of vortices, the mutual drag tensor ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{D}}_{ij}$ is comparable in magnitude to the coefficient of self-drag ${D}_{ii}$.
Theorems and Formulas

Consider the two radiation problems sketched in Fig. 1. In problem 1, the source (J 1, K 1) radiates in medium described by ∈1(r) and, μ 1(r), and in the presence of two typical scatterers: a perfect electric conductor (PEC)1, and a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC)1. The total (radiation) field in space is (E l, H 1). A similar description holds for problem 2. Now, these two problems are “dual” if*
Hypothesis for a Mechanism of Energy Transduction Sigmoidal Kinetics of Chloroplast’s Heat-Activated Atpase

Chloroplasts have very low endogenous ATPase activity (AVRON & JAGENDORF 1959). However, conditions have been described under which ATPase activity in chloroplasts can be induced by light (PETRACK & LIPMANN 1961, AVRON 1962). The kinetics of these ATPase reactions indicate light-triggered and 1ight-dependent mechanisms for the release of ATPase activity. This has been interpreted as indicating that activation of the ATPases has requirements for respectively, long-lived and short-lived light-formed compounds, or conformational changes (BENNUN & AVRON 1964). Photophosphorylation is modified under the condition required for light-dependent and light-triggered ATPases (BENNUN & AVRON 1965). The affinity for ADP and GDP as substrates (Km) of the residual and modified photophosphorylation is identical to their affinity as competitive inhibitors (Ki) of light-requiring ATPases (BENNUN & AVRON 1965). The participation of an enzyme with a single active center in both ATPases and photophosphorylation is apparently contradictory because under optimal conditions photophosphorylation appears as a unidirectional catalytic process (AVRON & JAGENDORF 1959, AVRON 1962). However, it was found that a single coupling factor is required for the simultaneous reconstitution of ch1oroplast1s light-requiring ATPases and for photophosphorylation (BENNUN & AVRON 1965).
Bayesian Modeling of Health State Preferences

In this paper, we present a Bayesian framework for modeling uncertainty about a population’s health state preferences. Such a framework is motivated by the need to analyze preference-based measurement data that arise from evaluation of health states by a sample of individuals. The Bayesian framework leads to population utility estimation and health policy evaluation by introducing a probabilistic interpretation of the multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) models used in health economics. In doing so, our approach combines ideas from the MAUT approach of Keeney and Raiffa (“Decisions with Multiple Objectives-Preferences and Value Tradeoffs”, Wiley, New York, 1976) and Bayesian view point to provide an alternate method of modeling preferences.