cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Reactions of Antibodies with Hemeprotein Antigens THE MEASUREMENT OF REACTION KINETICS AND STOICHIOMETRY BY FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING

Abstract When an antibody combines with a hemeprotein antigen the fluorescence of the tryptophan residues of the antibody is partially quenched. With fluorescence quenching as an indicator, the stoichiometries and kinetics of the reactions of antihemoglobin A antibodies with various hemoglobins and the reactions of antihuman cytochrome c antibodies with various cytochromes c have been studied. The differences in antigenic specificity between hemoglobins A1, Lepore, and A2 and between human and monkey cytochrome c are easily detected. The data indicate that the number of antigenic sites on a protein is limited and is the factor which controls the number of antibodies bound per antigen molecule. These antigenic sites differ in the rate at which they combine with their respective antibodies, but the second order rate constants for these reactions are about 106 m-1 sec-1.
Next generation system software for future high-end computing systems

Future high-end computers will offer great performance improvements over today's machines, enabling applications of far greater complexity. However, designers must solve the challenge of exploiting massive parallelism efficiency in the face of very high latencies across the memory hierarchy. We believe the key to meeting this challenge is the design and implementation of new models and languages which address the problems of parallelism and latency on such machines. This paper presents an overview of our ongoing research toward this goal. Specifically, we will develop a suitable program execution model, a high-level programming notation, and a compiler and runtime system based on the underlying models. These are based on our previous work in parallel multithreaded systems, but are suitably enhanced to meet the needs of future high-end computers.
Stress history and breast cancer recurrence.

Background There is mixed evidence regarding the possible association between a history of stressful or traumatic life events and more rapid breast cancer progression.
Propositional Automata and Cell Automata: Representational Frameworks for Discrete Dynamic Systems

This paper describes and compares two simple, powerful models for formalizing the behavior of discrete dynamic systems: Propositional and Cell Automata. Propositional Automata encode state in terms of boolean propositions, and behavior in terms of boolean gates and latches. Cell Automata generalize the propositional model by encoding state in terms of multi-valued cells, and behavior in terms of comparators and selectors that respond to cell values. While the models are equally expressive, Cell Automata are computationally more efficient than Propositional Automata. Additionally, arbitrary Propositional Automata can be converted to optimal Cell Automata with identical behavioral properties, and Cell Automata can be encoded as a Propositional Automata with only logarithmic increase in size.
Germ cell aneuploidy in zebrafish with mutations in the mitotic checkpoint gene mps1

Aneuploidy, resulting from chromosome missegregation during meiosis, is a major cause of human infertility and birth defects. However, its molecular basis remains incompletely understood. Here we have identified a spectrum of chromosome anomalies in embryos of zebrafish homozygous for a hypomorphic mutation in Mps1, a kinase required for the mitotic checkpoint. These aneuploidies are caused by meiotic error and result in severe developmental defects. Our results reveal Mps1 as a critical regulator of chromosome number in zebrafish, and demonstrate how slight genetic perturbation of a mitotic checkpoint factor can dramatically reduce the fidelity of chromosome segregation during vertebrate meiosis.
Tissue pathophysiology, neuroplasticity and motor behavioural changes in painful repetitive motion injuries.

Therapeutic interventions in repetitive motion disorder have focused primarily on the musculoskeletal tissues of the “exposed” body parts. Yet, many patients experience persistent symptoms and chronic disability in spite of treatment of localized tissue injury. Work with an in vivo model in the rat to determine both the nature of tissue pathophysiology and the dose-response relationship between repetition-force and tissue pathophysiology has provided insight into such systemic and nervous system effects. 2. Methods Rats are trained to reach and grasp a small food pellet or a force handle, in which case they pull at a target force threshold to obtain a food pellet reward, for 2 h/day, 3 days/week. Four repetition-force protocols have been used: high repetition-high force (HRHF; 8-12 reaches/min, 60% maximum grip strength), high-repetition-low force (HRLF; 8-12 reaches/min, <15% maximum grip strength), low repetition-high force (LRHF; 4-6 reaches/min, 60% maximum grip strength) and LRLF (4-6 reaches/min, <15% maximum grip strength). Reach rate, task duration (the amount of time per day the animals are willing to participate in the task), grip strength, paw sensation, and grooming skill are monitored. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is determined for the median nerve. Tissues and serum are examined for evidence of injury, inflammation and fibrosis. Spinal cord and somatosensory cortex have also been examined for evidence of neuroplasticity.
Staying On The Cutting Edge Of Student Active Learning Through Real World Engagement

This paper introduces a new approach to teaching and learning that uses a partnership model that pairs small business owners (provided by the Small Business Development Center-SBDC) with teams of college students within a college course. The goal of this partnership model is to provide guidance and recommendations for the business owner through a comprehensive business plan that is completed by an assigned student team. This is an excellent opportunity for the students to engage in active learning by doing. This model provides students with real world experience to better prepare them for work and careers. The active learning concept and the importance of engaging the student will be examined.
The watermelon cecum.

The "watermelon stomach" is a vascular anomaly of unknown etiology involving the antrum. The hallmark of this condition is a striking and characteristic endoscopic appearance resembling the stripes of a watermelon. Histologic features include capillary dilation and fibromuscular hyperplasia. 1, 2Clinically, the watermelon stomach may be a cause of chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. An increase in case reports over the past 5 years suggests this condition may be more common than initially appreciated. A similar condition has been recently reported in the rectum.3 We encountered a patient with a vascular abnormality of the cecum bearing striking resemblance to the watermelon stomach. Multiple vascular ectasias with typical "watermelon-like" features do not appear to be site specific.
What do They Know and When do They Know it? Health Staff on the Hill

“You could tell by their blank faces that most of them had no idea what the provisions really meant.” Using almost these identical words, two different congressional staff members described two separate groups: (a) the members of a congressional committee considering a Medicare reform provision at a committee mark-up and (b) the personal staff of these same members at a briefing on the provision prior to the mark-up. So what can we conclude about the level of information in Congress? Has the massive expansion of congressional information resources over the past two decades—including vast increases in the number of personal and committee staff and support agency personnel—been for naught? During the past three years, I have been conducting a study of the approach taken by members and staff of Congress in learning about policy issues and the implications of that approach for congressional decisionmaking. In the fall of 1984, I selected several discrete health and transportation issues which seemed likely to receive significant attention over the entire two years of the 99th Congress. My strategy was to study, for each issue, a sample of congressional “enterprises”—each made up of a member of Congress and his or her staff—as they followed and became involved in the development of the issue. My interest was in communication about these issues both within each enterprise and among all the various enterprises. At this point, nearing the conclusion of the fieldwork, I have conducted over 300 interviews, including meeting with certain key staff members as often as six times in order to monitor their evolving understanding of the issues.
ACR white paper on radiation dose in medicine: Three years later

The benefits of diagnostic imaging are immense and have revolutionized the practice of medicine. The increased sophistication and clinical efficacy of imaging have resulted in its dramatic growth over the past quarter century. However, the evolution of imaging has also resulted in a significant increase in the population's cumulative exposure to ionizing radiation and a potential increase in cancer risk. The ACR, an advocate for radiation safety since its inception in 1924, convened the ACR Blue Ribbon Panel on Radiation Dose in Medicine in 2006 and issued 37 recommendations for the College to address these issues. This report updates the status of these recommendations.
Velocity of bodies powered by diatomic cold-gas thrusters

In a previous investigation of the translational motion of a missile discharging an inert gas from a thermally insulated tank, an integral equation was derived that expressed the velocity imparted to the body when the working fluid expands isentropically through an infinite area ratio nozzle into a vacuum. The analytical solution pertaining to the general case of arbitrary specific heats ratio had the form of an infinite series. For the particular and important category of fluids that yield integer values of the function f(..gamma..) = 2/(..gamma.. - 1), which corresponds to the molecular degrees of freedom in an ideal gas, a relatively simple algebraic expression was obtained. Finally, by way of example, the special solution was expanded to describe in detail the case involving the most elementary fluid in the category, the monatomic gases. The expansion of the velocity equation for the next appropriate real fluid in the category, the diatomic gases, is summarized and compared with the previous results.
Alternating projection onto fuzzy convex sets

Alternating projections onto convex sets (POCS) is powerful tool for signal and image restoration. However, if POCS is among three or more nonintersecting convex sets, the result is not unique and POCS is generally not useful. This, however, can be overcome by allowing solutions that are in some sense close to each convex set. Such relaxation can be achieved through fuzzification of the sets into fuzzy convex sets. By performing POCS among the alpha -cuts of fuzzified sets, good solutions can be obtained. The authors propose morphological dilation as a fuzzification procedure. Examples of signal synthesis and restoration based on fuzzy POCS are given. Fuzzy POCS is illustrated through application to the problems of time-bandwidth-product minimization, signal extrapolation, and solution of simultaneous equations. >
Collagen Structure, Folding and Function

Recent advances in the genetics of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) discussed in this book underscore the long-held belief that understanding regulation of type I collagen biosynthesis, structure and function is crucial for understanding and treating OI. The goal of this chapter is therefore to provide the essential background information and highlight recent progress in studies of this regulation, which might be important in the context of OI. Our analysis of recently reported findings suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress response of osteoblasts to procollagen misfolding might be one of the most important factors contributing to bone pathology in OI and thus a promising target for developing novel approaches to OI treatment. Yet, we also discuss other ideas and review other processes and molecular mechanisms that might be involved in type I collagen dysregulation and malfunction in OI.
Hydraulic Design of Hollow-Jet Stilling Basins

Hydraulic model and prototype tests made to generalize and prove the hydraulic design of a new type of stilling basic which utilizes the hollow-jet valve for discharge control are described. Dimensionless curves are derived from model data and are used to define the important dimensions of the basin for the usual combinations of valve size, operating head, and discharge. Sample problems are presented to illustrate the use of the design curves and the general hydraulic design procedures. Prototype tests on the Boysen and Falcon Dam stilling basins are described and analyzed to help establish the reliability of the recommended basins. Basin dimensions obtained from individual model tests on six stilling basins are shown to compare favorably with the dimensions obtained from the dimensionless curves and methods given in this paper.
Commitments, Disrupted: Understanding and Addressing Commitment Drift in For-Profit Enterprises

Businesses frequently make promises and commitments to employees, customers, investors and civil society as a means to secure resources or obtain cooperation. Many of these commitments are made on behalf of the business as an organization, as if it were a moral actor. Yet evidence suggests that businesses do not have a strong track record for keeping commitments and broken commitments contribute to stakeholder distrust. Though historical explanations emphasize the role of “bad apples” or old-fashioned personal greed and static individual traits above all, recent work on institutional and organizational corruption suggests that “bad barrels” or individual-, interpersonal-, and group-level factors may also be at play. Yet even these views are relatively narrow, which has led to “a relative neglect of the role of processes and systems” in creating corruption. Separate bodies of research suggest that unclear or ambiguous commitments or failures in “connecting the dots” across organizations can also contribute to “commitment drift.” We therefore argue for the inclusion of “weak commitments” and "disconnected dots" as two additional sources of institutional and organizational corruption. Given these four possible causes, we argue that keeping organizational commitments may be harder than it first appears, and that developing commitment-keeping competence could help companies advance their own interests as well as build trust with other stakeholders. In this paper, we report on a project to develop and pilot two tools for diagnosing “commitment drift” and building commitment-keeping competence: a Commitment Scorecard and a Commitment-Keeping Employee Survey. We draw on an 18-month multi-methods study with a U.S.-based global Fortune 500 company whose CEO had committed to keeping promises as an explicit business strategy, where we piloted the Survey and Scorecard. We begin by outlining a working causal model of commitment drift. We then analyze the Employee Survey and Commitment Scorecard pilot results, and present implications for future study.
Fair Settlements in Multidefendant Torts

We study the fairness of legal rules for computing damages in cases with multiple defendants. Specifically, we develop a bargaining model of multidefendant litigation and compare the equilibria under different offset rules -- rules that adjust the plaintiff's trial award depending on which defendants settle. We find that the most common offset rule, the pro tanto rule, is always unfair because (1) the plaintiff recovers more than the expected value of her claim and (2) each individual defendant's expected payout bears no relation to the harm she actually caused. In contrast, the proportionate share rule (which a minority of states currently use) is always fair. We further show that the proportionate share rule has the added benefit of eliminating the strategic aspect of settlement negotiations: Co-defendants' settlement negotiations affect each other under the pro tanto rule but not under the proportionate share rule. We briefly discuss efficiency implications and conclude that states should switch to the proportionate share rule.
Plans to save born-digital news content examined:

This paper reports the deliberations of a November 2014 “Dodging the Memory Hole” forum of scholars, librarians, archivists, technologists, lawyers and journalists at the University of Missouri to address the problems of preserving born-digital news. To dodge the memory hole, the paper suggests the urgency of resolving copyright and financial barriers to the preservation of news content.
Constructing deservingness: federal welfare reform, supplemental security income, and elderly immigrants.

On August 22, 1996, President Clinton signed the welfare reform law that ended eligibility for all immigrants to federal means tested entitlements. Poor elderly immigrants on Supplemental Security Income were specifically targeted. This article documents how the print media responded to these policy changes. The following are the major research questions: (1) How were older immigrants on Supplemental Security Income portrayed in the print media before and after federal welfare reform? (2) Who was involved in the print media coverage of older immigrants on Supplemental Security Income before and after federal welfare reform? (3) What types of statements were made by those involved in the print media coverage of older immigrants on Supplemental Security Income, before and after federal welfare reform? The approach used was an in-depth content analysis of newspaper articles from major U.S. newspapers. The findings demonstrate that older immigrants were constructed as "undeserving" in news articles prior to the passage of the federal welfare reform bill. However, after the passage of the federal welfare reform bill the coverage of older immigrants on Supplemental Security Income started to change, and older immigrants were portrayed as "deserving." In advancing aging policy for poor, vulnerable elderly, such as elderly immigrants, advocates, health and social service providers can play an influential role in bringing their voices to the print media.
Biotin in Elementary Bodies of Vaccinia.

Studies of the constituents of elementary bodies of vaccinia have shown that preparations purified by a standard technic exhibit uniformity in their chemical constitution and in their biological activity.1,2 The virus appears exceedingly complex and therefore the view that respiratory catalysts, which are known to play an important role in bacterial metabolism, may function in the organization of elementary bodies of vaccinia is not untenable. With this in mind, we have examined elementary bodies for growth-factors.By means of a technic similar to that described by McDaniel, Woolley, and Peterson,3 vaccine-virus has been shown to contain relatively large quantities of a substance capable of stimulating the growth of Clostridium butylicum in a synthetic medium. Moreover, partial hydrolysis of the virus by normal alkali or 4 normal sulfuric acid gives rise to increased quantities of this substance in active form, which, on the basis of studies similar to those made by Snell, Eakins, and Williams,4 and other...
Reinforcement delay and reinforcement rate as determinants of schedule preference

Pigeons’ preferences between two schedules of reinforcement were determined by a choice method. In each schedule-pair compared, one had a higher overall rate of reinforcement, but the other had a shorter delay before the first reinforcement. Delay before the first reinforcement was a strong determinant of schedule preference, but short delay could be offset by a large difference in rate of reinforcement.
NMR Order Parameter Determination from Long Molecular Dynamics Trajectories for Objective Comparison with Experiment.

Functional protein motions covering a wide range of time scales can be studied, among other techniques, by NMR and by molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations. MD simulations of proteins now routinely extend into the hundreds of nanoseconds time scale range exceeding the overall tumbling correlation times of proteins in solution by several orders of magnitude. This provides a unique opportunity to rigorously validate these simulations by quantitative comparison with model-free order parameters derived from NMR relaxation experiments. However, presently there is no consensus on how such a comparison is best done. We address here how this can be accomplished in a way that is both efficient and objective. For this purpose, we analyze 15N R1 and R2 and heteronuclear {1H}–15N NOE NMR relaxation parameters computed from 500 ns MD trajectories of 10 different protein systems using the model-free analysis. The resulting model-free S2 order parameters are then used as targets for S2 values computed directly fr...
Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency — A New Therapy for a Genetic Lipid Disease

There are more than 50 different lysosomal storage diseases, genetic disorders characterized by lysosomal accumulation of substrate.1 Phenotypes vary widely, depending on the specific cell types affected. Enzyme-replacement therapy has been transformational in the treatment of some lysosomal storage diseases2; however, enzyme-replacement therapy is currently approved and commercially available for only 7 lysosomal storage diseases. The principle of enzyme-replacement therapy is that after administration of a recombinant enzyme, it is taken up by target cells and directed to lysosomes, where it can hydrolyze its substrate.2 In Gaucher’s disease, the recombinant enzyme is taken up by target macrophages by means . . .
Fast track anesthesia for liver transplantation: Review of the current practice

Historically, patients undergoing liver transplantation were left intubated and extubated in the intensive care unit (ICU) after a period of recovery. Proponents of this practice argued that these patients were critically ill and need time to be properly optimized from a physiological and pain standpoint prior to extubation. Recently, there has been a growing movement toward early extubation in transplant centers worldwide. Initially fueled by research into early extubation following cardiac surgery, extubation in the operating room or soon after arrival to the ICU, has been shown to be safe with proper patient selection. Additionally, as experience at determining appropriate candidates has improved, some institutions have developed systems to allow select patients to bypass the ICU entirely and be admitted to the surgical ward after transplant. We discuss the history of early extubation and the arguments in favor and against fast track anesthesia. We also described our practice of fast track anesthesia at Mayo Clinic Florida, in which, we extubate approximately 60% of our patients in the operating room and send them to the surgical ward after a period of time in the post anesthesia recovery unit.
Organic photovoltaics: Strong absorption in stiff polymers

Greater rigidity of conjugated polymer backbones increases their light-harvesting ability, making them better performers in solar-cell applications.
Targeting the Sympathetic Chain for Primary Hyperhidrosis: An Evidence-Based Review.

Large case series and randomized trials over the past 25 years have consistently demonstrated thoracoscopic interruption of the sympathetic chain to be a safe and effective treatment of focal primary hyperhidrosis. The surgical technique has evolved toward less-invasive and less-extensive procedures in an effort to minimize perioperative morbidity and effectively balance postoperative compensatory sweating with symptomatic relief. This review summarizes available evidence regarding the surgical approach and the optimal level of interruption of the sympathetic chain based on a patient's presenting distribution of pathologic sweating.
Effect of L-tryptophan on the blood pressure of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension

Seventeen patients (13 male and 4 female), ranging in age from 21 to 69 years, with mild to moderate essential hypertension were studied. Blood pressures (supine) were measured weekly for 4 weeks (control period) while the patients were off all medication. Medical histories, physical examinations, chest X-ray, liver function test, complete hemogram, urinalysis, plasma creatinine concentration, creatinine clearance, and a Zung Depression Test were carried out on each patient at the end of the control and treatment periods. Following completion of the control period, treatment with tryptophan began for 8 weeks. Because of differences in dose and schedule, it was necessary to analyze blood pressures of individuals by regression analysis (blood pressure vs dosage of tryptophan). The results indicate that 9 of 16 patients had a significant (p<0.05-0.01) reduction in mean arterial pressure during the 8 weeks of treatment, as assessed by a significant correlation coefficient. In these cases, blood pressure declined linearly with increasing doses of tryptophan. One patient was dropped from the study during the sixth week because of non compliance with therapy. There were no significant adverse effects of therapy. Body weight was not affected significantly by treatment. The results of this study, while of short duration and a limited number of patients, suggest that chronic treatment of mild to moderate hypertension with L-tryptophan, alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, holds promise as a naturally occurring antihypertensive compound.
"Twentieth-century Victorian: Arthur Conan Doyle and the 'Strand Magazine,' 1891–1930," by Jonathan Cranfield

Review of Jonathan Cranfield, Twentieth-century Victorian: Arthur Conan Doyle and the "Strand Magazine," 1891–1930. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016, hardcover, £75 (256p) ISBN 978-1474406758; e-book, £75, ISBN 978-1474406772.
CHAPTER 2 - Stationary Navier–Stokes Problem in a Two-Dimensional Exterior Domain

One of the most representative and fascinating issues in mathematical fluid dynamics is the steady state, plane, exterior boundary-value problem associated to the Navier–Stokes equations. The chapter discusses the mathematical analysis of some linearized versions of problem, including the Stokes and the Oseen approximations. A study of the unique solvability of the full nonlinear problem at small Reynolds number λ is presented in the chapter.
Statistically-driven visualizations of student interactions with a French online course video

ABSTRACTLogged tracking data for online courses are generally not available to instructors, students, and course designers and developers, and even if these data were available, most content-oriented instructors do not have the skill set to analyze them. Learning analytics, mined from logged course data and usually presented in the form of learning dashboards, can inform instructors and students about how students are doing in a course, for example, questions answered correctly or incorrectly, pages visited, exercises completed, and assessment scores. However, these dashboards do not provide data on what students are doing when interacting with course materials. This dearth of information severely limits the amount of feedback that online course instructors can give to students on how to best maximize their time online to meet their learning outcomes. Using logged data from an online French course, the research presented here offers a sample of preliminary statistical visualizations created using data fro...
Synergistic Cooperation In The Food System

Meeting basic food needs involves using photosynthesis to harvest solar energy over extensive areas. This work-intensive process can consume the majority of human productive capacity - leaving only small amounts of this capacity to provide other features to which most societies aspire. There are systems of technology which can make food production more efficient in terms of human productive inputs. Because these technologies have high requirements for capital, energy and information they must be "grown" in place. This growing process is made more efficient by synergistic cooperation among many farm input, on-farm and post-farm sectors. Much of this growth and efficiency increase can be financed by having stable and rewarding prices for farm and food products. However, the information developments essential to this growth (food system research and extension) require special attention to their financing and organization.
Detectability comparison of simulated tumors in digital breast tomosynthesis using high-energy X-ray inline phase sensitive and commercial imaging systems.

Abstract This study compared the detectability of simulated tumors using a high-energy X-ray inline phase sensitive digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) prototype and a commercial attenuation-based DBT system. Each system imaged a 5-cm thick modular breast phantom with 50–50 adipose-glandular percentage density containing contrast-detail (CD) test objects to simulate different tumor sizes. A commercial DBT system acquired 15 projection views over 15 degrees (15d-15p) was used to acquire the attenuation-based projection views and to reconstruct the conventional DBT slices. Attenuation-based projection views were acquired at 32 kV, 46 mAs with a mean glandular dose (Dg) of 1.6 mGy. For acquiring phase sensitive projection views, the prototype utilized two acquisition geometries: 11 projection views were acquired over 15 degrees (15d-11p), and 17 projection views were acquired over 16 degrees (16d-17p) at 120 kV, 5.27 mAs with 1.51 mGy under the magnification (M) of 2. A phase retrieval algorithm based on the phase-attenuation duality (PAD) was applied to each projection view, and a modified Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) algorithm was used to reconstruct the phase sensitive DBT slices. Simulated tumor margins were rated as more conspicuous and better visualized for both phase sensitive acquisition geometries versus conventional DBT imaging. The CD curves confirmed the improvement in both contrast and spatial resolutions with the phase sensitive DBT imaging. The superiority of the phase sensitive DBT imaging was further endorsed by higher contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and figure-of-merit (FOM) values. The CNR improvements provided by the phase sensitive DBT prototype were sufficient to offset the noise reduction provided by the attenuation-based DBT imaging.
It’s the Same, Only It’s Not: Perceptions of the Prescription Drug Market in Comparison With Other Illicit Drug Markets:

Given the rapid rise of prescription (Rx) opioid overdoses in the United States, it is crucial to understand how people acquire Rx drugs. Prior research suggests individuals obtain Rx drugs through...
Nodular B-Lymphocyte Reactive Patterns: Reactive Nodular B-Cell Pattern

This chapter focuses on nodular B-lymphocyte reactive hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) including classification, historical overview and clarification of nomenclature, epidemiology, clinical and histomorphological features, cytogenetics and molecular features, and clinical course. At the outset, we give an overview of normal B-lymphocyte ontogeny. Entities specifically discussed in-depth include idiopathic lymphocytoma cutis, lymphomatoid drug-induced pseudo B-cell lymphoma, and cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia secondary to foreign bodies – reaction to tattoo, pseudo B-cell lymphoma secondary to infections, pseudolymphoma at sites of vaccination, persistent nodular arthropod-bite reactions, and nodular scabies. We conclude by discussing mimickers, the significance of clonality and clues to diagnosis. There is no single histopathologic criterion to cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphomas (CBPL) from cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL). Histologic diagnosis of CBPL depends on two considerations: (1) the architecture of the infiltrate and (2) the composition and cytomorphology of cells in the infiltrate. Histopathologic features that favor CBPL over CBCL include (1) acanthosis, (2) a top-heavy infiltrate, (3) a mixed (T- and B-lymphocyte-rich) infiltrate, (4) absence of mitosis outside of the germinal center and/or necrosis, (5) regular appearing germinal centers, (6) presence of tingible bodies in the germinal centers, (7) lack of cohesion of lymphoid cells, (8) infiltrative border (concave), (9) preservation of adnexal structures with the infiltrate respecting adnexal epithelium, and (10) stromal fibrosis. A useful immunohistochemical feature for distinguishing cutaneous follicle-center cell lymphoma from cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia is the presence of small clusters of CD10+/Bcl6+ lymphocytes in the interfollicular zones and positive Bcl2 staining in the follicles in the former. Furthermore, there is a low MIB-1 proliferation fraction in lymphoma compared with cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia.
Practical Use of Disjunctive Kriging: Effects of Two Dimensional Parameterizations

The practical effects of using different two dimensional laws in conjunction with the disjunctive kriging estimator are investigated. Alternative two dimensional probability density functions used are isofactor models based on one dimensional Gaussian and Gamma laws. The isofactor models used employ alternative correlation parameterizations. In addition to using the usual correlations among the variables involved, factor representations which replace correlations by moments from a beta distribution are used. Results of using the alternative parameterizations on simulated fields resembling soil properties are presented. It is shown that both Gaussian and Gamma laws result in similar disjunc­tive kriging estimates, with the Gaussian case being slightly better on low field values, but with the Gamma case being slightly better on high field values.
Ovid, New York

Once Viola Monaghan was admitted to Jefferson’s PSAP (Physician Shortage Area Program), she was quickly faced with a major problem—how was she going to pay for her medical education? In response, she applied to and was awarded a National Health Service Corps (NHSC) scholarship, which included a future four-year service commitment. “So, when I graduated,” she says, “I really felt like I needed to be true to my commitments—both to the PSAP and the NHSC—and that I was going to practice family practice, and that I was going to a rural area.”
Transforming Corrupt Systems: What Have We Learned?

The past two decades have witnessed a growing consensus among policy analysts, political elites, and advocates that corruption is a moral evil with significant deleterious consequences for national...
New Developments in Multiaxial Empirically Based Assessment of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

In this chapter, I will present a body of work that I call “multiaxial empirically based assessment.” In explaining this notion, I will first summarize previous work that has posed new challenges that were not so evident before. Thereafter, I will present recent innovations designed to meet these challenges. For brevity, I will use the term “children” to include adolescents.
Cyclosporine Versus Azathioprine: A 5-Year Followup of 200 Consecutive Cadaver Renal Transplant Recipients

AbstractWhen cyclosporine was introduced as an immunosuppressive agent, there was concern that cyclosporine could be detrimental to long-term renal allograft function and survival. In response to this concern, we report a 5-year followup of 200 consecutive renal transplant recipients among whom initial immunosuppression and risk factors were similar except for the substitution of cyclosporine for azathioprine in the second 100 recipients. The azathioprine and cyclosporine groups had similar 1-year (89% versus 91%) and 5-year (74% versus 80%) patient survival rates. Cyclosporine treated patients had superior 1-year (83% versus 58%) and 5-year (61% versus 29%) graft survival rates. At the 5-year interval, cyclosporine treated grafts had an elevated, yet stable, mean serum creatinine level compared to azathioprine treated grafts. Despite ongoing mild renal dysfunction in cyclosporine treated grafts, cyclosporine does not induce an inexorable decrease in graft function and continues to provide long-term graft...
Orientational ordering in solid C70: Predictions from computer simulation.

The low-pressure phases in solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{70}$ have been explored using constant-pressure molecular dynamics and an empirical intermolecular potential extrapolated from one that gives an excellent account of the properties of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$. On cooling the high-temperature rotator phase, we find a transition to a partially ordered phase with trigonal symmetry and then a second transition to a monoclinic structure.
The relationship between weight stigma, weight bias internalization, and physical health in military personnel with or at high-risk of overweight/obesity

Abstract Perceived weight stigma is associated with adverse health indices, such as elevated cortisol, lipid/glucose dysregulation, and poorer self-rated health. This relationship may be particularly relevant for military personnel, given the cultural emphasis on fitness and weight/shape. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between weight stigma and physical health in 117 active duty personnel (66.7% male; 56.4% non-Hispanic White; age: 30.8 ± 7.4 years; BMI: 29.5 ± 2.5 kg/m2). Participants reported weight stigma (general and military-specific), weight bias internalization, and the presence (≥1; n = 55) or absence (n = 62) of medical conditions. Logistic regressions were conducted examining the ability of weight stigma (general or military-specific) and weight bias internalization to predict the presence or absence of medical conditions. General weight stigma was not significantly associated with the presence of a medical condition (p > .05). However, individuals with military-specific weight stigma scores twice that of their peers were over three times more likely (p = .04) to report a medical condition. Weight bias internalization was not significant in any model (ps > .20). Longitudinal studies should prospectively examine the relationship between weight stigma in the military setting and health among service members.
Initial Intravascular Ultrasound Without a Routine Early Baseline Study in the Evaluation of Cardiac Transplant Vasculopathy has Prognostic Valve

BACKGROUND Abnormal minimal intimal thickening (MIT) on intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) defined as difference of ≥0.5 mm between baseline and one-year post-transplantation has been shown to have prognostic value. The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate whether abnormal MIT found on routine IVUS studies in cardiac transplant patients after 6 months without an early baseline study (modified MIT or MMIT), has any prognostic value. Furthermore, we evaluated the prognostic effect of serial IVUS performed beyond one year. METHODS A cohort of 149 cardiac transplant patients who underwent IVUS examination > 6 months post-transplant were evaluated retrospectively. Of these 149 patients, 109 patients underwent a subsequent IVUS study approximately 1 year following the initial study. MMIT values of ≥0.5 mm without an early baseline study were correlated with major adverse cardiac event (MACE). RESULTS The all-cause mortality was 4.7% (5/107) in patients with MMIT of <0.5 mm vs. 14.6% (6/41) in patients with MMIT of ≥0.5 mm [hazards ratio (HR): 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002-12.17; p = 0.039]. The overall MACE rate was 8.4% (9/107) in patients with MMIT of <0.5 mm vs. 24.4% (10/41) in patients with MMIT of ≥0.5 mm [HR: 6.7; 95% CI: 1.30-9.42; p = 0.009]. After adjusting for age, abnormal MMIT remained a significant independent predictor of MACE (HR: 3.93; CI 1.21-12.81; p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS The presence of abnormal MMIT noted on IVUS performed after 6 months post-transplantation without a routine baseline IVUS carries important prognostic value.
Early Childhood Trajectories of Conduct Problems and Hyperactivity/Attention Problems: Predicting Adolescent and Adult Antisocial Behavior and Internalizing Problems.

Although conduct problems (CP) and hyperactivity/attention problems (HAP) are thought to covary with regularity, few studies have traced the probability of co-occurring CP and HAP longitudinally, p...
Chaotic Pulse Position Coded PDUs for Secure and Energy-Efficient Data Networking

This paper presents a novel mechanism for implementing Chaotic Pulse Position Coded Protocol data units (CPPCPs) for networking in sensor and IoT networks with thin energy budgets. The core idea of CPPCP is to encode a protocol data unit (PDU) in terms of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) pulse train with chaotically varied inter-pulse intervals. The proposed CPPCP architecture fulfills the communication security by achieving higher randomness between different data symbols, lower probability of unambiguity, and significant energy savings by using a smaller number of pulse transmissions than the existing chaotic coding schemes in the literature. A concrete analysis for the implementation of CPPCP is provided based on the variation of pulse shape and position caused by specific hardware characteristics. A prototype sensor platform is designed for the implementation of CPPCP. Extensive simulation results are presented for evaluating the performance of the proposed architecture.
A 50-kW Three-Phase Wireless Power Transfer System Using Bipolar Windings and Series Resonant Networks for Rotating Magnetic Fields

The mass and volume of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for charging electric vehicles are directly related to the rated power of the system. The difficulties of high-power wireless charging are exacerbated by the need to meet the same practical constraints associated with vehicle integration as lower power systems. Therefore, more advanced techniques are necessary to improve power density and specific power of wireless charging systems for high-power applications. This article presents theory and analysis of three-phase inductive WPT systems with bipolar phase windings. Magnetic coupler topologies and the theoretical and practical aspects of series three-phase resonant compensation networks are discussed. The systems under consideration are designed to utilize rotating magnetic fields to achieve a power transfer characteristic that is temporally smoother than single-phase systems. Other benefits associated with rotating magnetic field based WPT, including reduced ferrite mass, filter component requirements, and electromagnetic field emissions, are discussed. Experimental results of a prototype system are presented in both aligned and misaligned configurations. The system is demonstrated transferring 50 kW with 95% dc-to-dc efficiency over a 150-mm airgap in the aligned case. Onaper-pad basis, the magnetic couplers achieve a power density of 195 kW/m 2 and a specific power of 3.65 kW/kg. This article is accompanied by a video of the rotating magnetic field produced by a simulated three-phase WPT system.
Radiotherapy treatment planning for prostate and nodes using variable planning ring

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common solid malignancies and has a high morbidity rate. The uncertainty of the prostate location compromises the overall treatment plan optimisation. To account for the location uncertainty, the radiation oncologist needs to expand the margin of the planning target volume (PTV), which may increase the radiation toxicity to organs in proximity. Materials and methods: In this study, we investigated the quality of treatment plans for a patient with different ring sizes (2 and 3 cm). A small ring-shaped structure circumferentially around the PTV helps in defining the location of PTV. Prostate and pelvic node plans were analysed with dose prescription to 99% of PTV. Results: Additional ring-shaped structures led to more conformal dose coverage for target with reduced radiation side effects to nearby organ at risk (OAR). Expected treatment time was slightly higher for 2 cm ring compared to 3 cm ring. In case of prostate, expected duration was 4% higher, while for node plan, expected duration for 2 cm ring was 16% higher compared to 3 cm ring plan. Conclusions: It was observed that using a smaller size ring can lead to improved dose sparing to OAR with same target coverage as with larger dimension ring. The composite plans do not show any clinically significant difference in dose to OARs.
Natural mentoring relationships among survivors of caregiver childhood abuse: findings from the Add Health Study

Social support promotes resilience to adverse childhood events, but little is known about the role of natural mentors-caring, nonparental adults-in the lives of childhood abuse survivors. The current study draws from a large, longitudinal, nationally representative sample (Add Health) to examine the prevalence and characteristics of natural mentoring relationships for adolescents with a history of caregiver childhood abuse, and the extent to which these relationships are associated with psychological and health outcomes in adulthood. Among the sample (n = 12,270), 28.82% and 4.86% reported caregiver childhood physical and sexual abuse, respectively. Youth who reported caregiver childhood physical abuse were more likely than those who did not endorse abuse to report having a natural mentor, but their mentoring relationships were characterized by lower interpersonal closeness, shorter duration, and less frequent contact. Exposure to caregiver childhood abuse was associated with adverse outcomes during adulthood, including antisocial behavior, physical health limitations, and suicidality; the presence of a natural mentor did not buffer the negative impact of trauma on adult outcomes. However, longer mentoring relationships during adolescence buffered the strength of the association between both caregiver physical and sexual abuse during childhood and suicidality during early adulthood.
Conjugated and Conducting Organic Polymers: The First 150 Years.

Conductive organic polymers are most commonly generated from the oxidation or reduction of conjugated polymers. Although such conjugated polymers are typically viewed as modern materials, the earliest examples of these polymers date back to the early 19th century. The modern era of conjugated polymers began with the first reports of their conductive nature in the early 1960s. However, it was advances in the 1970s that brought particular focus to these materials with the first example of conductivity values in the metallic regime, for which the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Hideki Shirakawa, Alan MacDiarmid, and Alan Heeger. Unfortunately, the historical narrative of these polymers is currently quite muddled in the primary literature, with various inaccuracies commonly propagated. In an effort to present a more accurate account as a resource for the field, the present report will review the first 150 years of the four primary parent polymers-polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, and polythiophene, from their early origins in 1834 to their rapid development in the mid-1980s.
Characterizing the Evolution of Communities on Reddit

One of the most important structures in social networks is communities. Communities in social networks evolve over time. Understanding the evolution of communities is useful in many applications, such as building successful communities, maintaining the success of communities, etc. There have been some works on studying online communities such as understanding the life cycle of users and understanding the loyalty of members in a community. An aspect of online community studies that has not been sufficiently studied is the evolution of communities over time. In this work, we investigate factors that significantly differentiate the different parts of the evolution of communities. Firstly, we identify the different patterns that can exist in the evolution of communities. Next, we examine how different features differentiate parts of the patterns identified. Experimental results showed that the linguistic style of users who make posts and the interaction dynamics of members in a community are related to different parts of communities’ evolution with respect to the number of active users.