cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the role of long range interactions for the adsorption of sexithiophene on Ag(110) surface

The adsorption characteristics of the sexithiophene (6T) molecule on Ag(110) are studied using density functional theory with the inclusion of van der Waals (vdW) interactions. The stable adsorption configurations on 6T on Ag(110) as well as the nature of bonding the Ag substrate are evaluated. We also assess the performance of the vdW-DF method in describing the adsorption, energetics, heights, as well as the interface characteristics with the Ag(110) surface. We find two lowest adsorption energy configurations, at which the 6T molecule aligns with its molecular long axis parallel and perpendicular to the [001] direction, to be energetically close to each other, suggesting that they may coexist. Our findings indicate a significant increase in the 6T adsorption energies upon the inclusion of vdW interactions with the highest increase obtained using the opt-type functionals, in particular with the optB86b-vdW functional. The revPBE-vdW and rPW86-vdW2 functionals lead to less enhancement in adsorption energies that is attributed to the strong repulsive nature of these functionals, in agreement with earlier predictions. Upon adsorption of the 6T molecule, the changes in the atomic and electronic structures of the 6T molecule and Ag surface are found to be negligible; there is no charge transfer, and no interface state is observed. The work function is reduced upon adsorption with the largest change is ∼0.6 eV obtained using the optB88-vdW functional. The results are in good agreement with the available experimental observations of the adsorption configurations and the work function changes. Based on our results, we conclude that the nature of bonding for 6T on Ag(110) can be classified as strong physisorption.
Selective fiberoptic left main-stem intubation for severe unilateral barotrauma in a 24-week premature infant.

A 24-week premature infant developed severe right-sided pulmonary barotrauma secondary to mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). High-frequency oscillatory ventilation and permissive hypercapnia were initiated. A chest tube was placed to relieve a pneumothorax, and a catheter was inserted into an air-filled cyst for drainage. These maneuvers failed to improve the child's respiratory status. The child's left main-stem bronchus was then successfully fiberoptically intubated for single-lung ventilation in order to reduce the unilateral barotrauma. Single-lung ventilation was effectively and safely continued for 5 days, with complete resolution of the pulmonary barotrauma.
Subjective memory complaints, cognitive performance, and psychological factors in healthy older adults.

Objective:To determine whether subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are associated with performance on objective cognitive measures and psychological factors in healthy, community-dwelling older adu...
Parameter optimized, vertical, nearest-neighbor-vote and boundary-based classification

In this paper, we describe a reliable high performance classification system that includes a Nearest Neighbor Vote based classification and a Local Decision Boundary based classification combined with an evolutionary algorithm for parameter optimization and a vertical data structure (Predicate Tree or P-tree1 for processing efficiency.
Development of a Recombinant Antigen Vaccine against Infection with the Filarial Worm Onchocerca volvulus

Efforts to control Onchocerca volvulus, the etiologic agent of river blindness, have been limited to vector control and drug treatment to eliminate microfilariae, with no means available to prevent infection. The goal of this study was to develop a vaccine against this infection using recombinant antigens that are expressed in the early larval stages of the parasite. Five recombinant antigens, Ov7, Ov64, OvB8, Ov9M, and Ov73k, were identified by screening adult and larval cDNA libraries with antibodies from immune humans, chimpanzees, or rabbits. When mice were immunized with the five individual recombinant antigens, statistically significant reductions in parasite survival were induced in mice immunized with Ov7, OvB8, or Ov64, when administered in alum but not when injected in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Live larvae recovered from control and immunized mice were analyzed to determine their developmental stages. A decrease in the percentage of larvae molting from the third stage to the fourth stage was observed with mice immunized with Ov7, Ov64, or OvB8 in alum but not with mice immunized with Ov9 and Ov73k or with mice immunized with any of the five antigens in FCA. Mice immunized with a cocktail of the three protective antigens developed protective immunity equal to that seen with mice immunized with individual antigens. This study has identified, for the first time, three recombinant antigens capable of inducing protective immunity to O. volvulus. Furthermore, since the antigens functioned with alum as the adjuvant, this vaccine could potentially be used clinically to prevent river blindness in humans.
MgI2-catalyzed halo aldol reaction: a practical approach to (E)-beta-iodovinyl-beta'-hydroxyketones.

A novel generation of 1-iodo-3-siloxy-1,3-butadienes has been developed by reacting trimethylsilyl iodide (TMS-I) with α,β-unsaturated ketones in dichloromethane at 0 °C without the use of any catalyst. The halo aldol reaction of these butadiene intermediates with aldehydes was efficiently carried out by using magnesium iodide as the catalyst. Twelve β-iodo-α,β-unsaturated-β′-hydroxyketones (halo aldols) have been synthesized under the new condition with excellent geometric selectivity and good chemical yields (>80% chemical yields for 11 examples).
Interplay of pathogens, cytokines and other stress signals in the regulation of dendritic cell function.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the only antigen-presenting cell capable of activating naive T lymphocytes, and hence they play a crucial role in the induction of adaptive immunity. Immature DCs sample and process antigens, and efficiently sense a large variety of signals from the surrounding environment. Upon activation, they become capable to activate naive T cells and to direct the differentiation and polarization of effector T lymphocytes. It is becoming increasingly clear that different signals are able to determine distinct programs of DC differentiation and different forms of immunity and tolerance. In the past few years many advances have been made in addressing the action exerted by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), cytokines, chemokines, and other less characterized stress molecules on the activity of DCs. In this review we focus on the multiplicity of innate signals able to modulate the functional profile of DCs.
Optimal jumping strategies from compliant surfaces: A simple model of springboard standing jumps

A simple model of standing dives is used to investigate optimal jumping strategies from compliant surfaces and applied to springboard diving. The human model consists of a massless leg actuated by knee torque, and a lumped torso mass centered above the leg. The springboard is modeled as a mass-spring system. Maximum jump height for a male and a female is calculated by controlling knee-torque activation level as a function of time. The optimization includes constraints on minimum and maximum knee angle, rate of change of normalized activation level, and contact duration. Simulation results for maximal springboard depression and diver takeoff velocity agree reasonably with experimental data, even though larger board tip velocities are necessarily predicted earlier during the contact period. Qualitatively similar multiple pulse knee-torque activation patterns are found over various conditions and are different from those in rigid-surface jumping. The model is less able to predict accurately jump height at high fulcrum number since jumpers may have difficulty behaving optimally at non-preferred fulcrum settings. If strength is proportional to the product of mass and leg length, increasing leg length is more effective in increasing jump height than is increasing mass.
Feasibility Study of Passive Electromagnetic Damping Systems

A linear displacement electromagnetic machine is proposed to be used as a passive structural damper. The electromagnetic damper extracts the kinetic energy imparted into the structure by wind or seismic disturbances by transforming it into electricity and induces a force that opposes the movement produced by the disturbance. It is shown that the force-velocity relationship of the electromagnetic damper approximates that of an ideal dashpot with a time delay caused by the circuit reactance. A feasibility analysis is presented to demonstrate the physical and economical viability of the electromagnetic damper as a structural device. The proposed device presents several advantages over current passive structural dampers, among which are: energy dissipation external to the device; possible operation as a semiactive damper by modifying the circuit impedance; and possible operation as an actuator by reversing the energy flow direction.
FATIGUE DAMAGE AND ITS NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: AN OVERVIEW

This paper deals with the basic mechanisms of fatigue damage in materials exposed to service and a series of nondestructive techniques for the early detection of this damage. For all materials with reasonably high fracture toughness it is the organized motion of dislocations that either forms extrusions/intrusions (surface roughness) or the piling up of dislocations at grain boundaries or interface boundaries whose unzipping forms small cracks. Some of these small cracks grow, coalesce with other small cracks and eventually form the large crack which will terminate the life of the structure, if it grows to a size that is large enough (at a given stress level) to reach the fracture toughness of the material. The time scale of these events is roughly: First small cracks (a ≈ 0.1μm) initiate at ≈ 10% of the total life; large cracks appear (a ≈ 0.5mm) at ≈ 90% of the total life. Details depend on the microstructure of the material, the applied stress and other environmental factors. Over the past thirty years, researchers have tried to follow this sequence of events with a variety of experimental techniques that are adjusted to the specific defect type to be detected (dislocations, small cracks, and large cracks). Some of these techniques are briefly reviewed.
Extending the limits of paleodietary studies of humans with compound specific carbon isotope analysis of amino acids

Stable carbon isotopes in the bone collagen of prehistoric humans are valuable tools for determining human diet. We studied carbon isotopes in individual amino acids (IAA) in plants and collagen from herbivores and humans from North American prehistoric sites in order to determine whether more specific dietary information about Indians could be predicted. The 13 C of plant amino acids ranged extensively, whereas 13 C values of each amino acid from the C3 (n3) and C4 (n3) plant species were linearly related with a slope of 0.8. Essential amino acids from herbivores had 13 C values that were completely different from those measured in either C3 or C4 plants, suggesting metabolic resynthesis in the gut by microflora. The 13 C of essential amino acids from prehistoric North Americans, who had diets ranging from primarily maize-based (C4) to hunter-gathers (C3) subsistence, were highly correlated with 13 C values of herbivore essential amino acids. There was no significant correlation of 13 C in IAA from humans with those of plants. The 13 C of nonessential amino acids in human bone collagen can distinguish the presence of maize in the diet, whereas the 13 C of essential amino acids were transparent to a maize-derived carbon signal. Compound specific isotopic data on IAA distinguish between total carbon intake versus total protein intake and are useful for discerning the extent and nature of omnivory.
Optimization of tele-immersion codes

As computational power increases, tele-immersive applications are an emerging trend. These applications make extensive demands on computational resources through their heavy use of real-time 3D reconstruction algorithms. Since computer vision developers do not necessarily have parallel programming expertise, it is important to give them the tools and capabilities to naturally express computer vision algorithms, yet retain high efficiency by exploiting modern GPU and large-scale multi-core platforms.In this paper, we describe our optimization efforts for a tele-immersion application by tuning it for GPU and multi-core platforms. Additionally, we introduce a method to obtain portability, high performance, and increase programmer productivity.
Infants' Integration of Information from Different Sources in Object Segregation

The present research investigated 9.5-month-old infants’ use of spatial and featural information when determining the locations of object boundaries. Infants were shown displays for which spatial information (the relative positions of the boxes) and featural information (the colours and patterns of the boxes) led to either the same or different interpretations of the display. Infants’ interpretations of the displays were assessed by measuring their looking time at an event in which a screen passed either between or behind the objects. The results indicated that when the spatial information provided a clear interpretation of the display, infants used this interpretation even when featural information conflicted. In contrast, featural information was only used to interpret the display when spatial information did not allow a clear interpretation (1997a). These results are similar to those of Needham and Baillargeon in their indication that infants use multiple sources of information to segregate displays and that their strategies for determining which information to use are sensitive to characteristics of each source of information such as its
Anionic‐initiated polymerization of β‐nitrostyrenes

β-Nitrostyrene and many of its derivatives have been shown to yield high polymers via anionic initiation with alkoxide ions in protic solvents, e.g., alcohols. A study was conducted to determine the effect of certain substituents on the polymerization characteristics of representative monomers of this series and the properties of their polymers. A kinetic study was conducted and the relative rates of propagation were unexpectedly found to correlate well with brown's σ+ values. The rates of initiation of two representative monomers, β-nitrostyrene and p-methoxy-β-nitrostyrene, with sodium ethoxide were found to be 3.51 and 2.86 liter/mole sec, respectively. The rate of chain transfer in ethanol was studied qualitatively by using gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) to obtain molecular weight distribution (MWD) curves. The low values of the Mw/Mn ratios indicated little chain transfer in the protic solvent.
Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry with a Radial Opposed Migration Ion and Aerosol Classifier (ROMIAC)

The first application of a novel differential mobility analyzer, the radial opposed migration ion and aerosol classifier (ROMIAC), is demonstrated. The ROMIAC uses antiparallel forces from an electric field and a cross-flow gas to both scan ion mobilities and continuously transmit target mobility ions with 100% duty cycle. In the ROMIAC, diffusive losses are minimized, and resolution of ions, with collisional cross-sections of 200–2000 A2, is achieved near the nondispersive resolution of ∼20. Higher resolution is theoretically possible with greater cross-flow rates. The ROMIAC was coupled to a linear trap quadrupole mass spectrometer and used to classify electrosprayed C2–C12 tetra-alkyl ammonium ions, bradykinin, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, bovine ubiquitin, and two pairs of model peptide isomers. Instrument and mobility calibrations of the ROMIAC show that it exhibits linear responses to changes in electrode potential, making the ROMIAC suitable for mobility and cross-section measurements. The high r...
FURTHERING THE INTEGRATION OF ROUTINE ACTIVITY AND SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORIES: SMALL UNITS OF ANALYSIS AND THE STUDY OF STREET ROBBERY AS A DIFFUSION PROCESS

Attempts to integrate the two predominant spatial theories of crime, social disorganization and routine activity theories, may benefit from examining empirical relationships at units of analysis smaller than the relatively large units characteristic of most ecological research (cities, SMSAs, census tracts, multiple city blocks). Small units of analysis, specifically, face blocks (both sides of a city block between two intersections) are analyzed in a study of street robbery within a medium-size southeastern U.S. city. Models of street robbery and street-robbery “potential” suggest a crime diffusion process. Several interaction effects between variables of social disorganization and routine activity theory are found, which may form the basis in future research for successful theoretical integration.
Life as a Chord: Heterogeneous Resources in the Social Identification of One Migrant Girl

The social and natural worlds provide heterogeneous resources that contribute both to instances of social identification and to life trajectories. One might claim or be assigned membership in various groups, which emerge at different spatial and temporal scales, and resources for social identification are often combined in novel ways to yield unexpected identities. To account for the trajectories of identification that any individual travels, analysts must determine which configurations of resources become relevant in a given case. Of the many resources that might be relevant to identifying an individual, event, or setting, a few generally become salient—somewhat like several musical notes coming together to constitute a chord. We illustrate this contingent process by describing one young Mexican migrant in the USA, sketching relevant aspects of family interactions, educational practices, local community characteristics, and national discourses. This girl, her family, and other actors combine heterogeneous resources in contingent ways as they navigate and establish an emerging trajectory of identification through which she becomes a ‘good reader’.
Daily variations in cortisol levels and binge eating disorder

Morning and afternoon levels of cortisol for 73 volunteers (67 women and 6 men) were compared in relation to their Binge Eating Disorder scores, Body Mass Indexes, and self-reports of mood and hunger. Cortisol level was not significantly correlated with binge eating or mood or hunger for either time period. However, it was inversely related to body mass, with lower cortisol levels associated with greater body mass.
Predicting Biochemical Failure and Overall Survival Through Intratherapy PSA Changes During Definitive External Beam Radiotherapy

Purpose To determine whether intratherapy prostate-specific antigen (itPSA) changes during radiotherapy (RT) predict prostate cancer outcomes. Methods and Materials We retrospectively identified patients treated with definitive external beam RT without hormonal therapy who had at least two itPSA measurements. We calculated the adjusted ratio of rise (ARR) in itPSA relative to the pretreatment baseline PSA for each patient. This was defined as ln(maximal itPSA + 1)/ln(baseline PSA + 1). We stratified patients according to an ARR of 1.1. This corresponded to an approximately 30% increase in PSA during RT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed examining for biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS) and overall survival (OS). Results At a median follow-up of 74 months, we identified 307 patients who met our criteria. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with an ARR of n = 182) had statistically significant inferior BFFS and OS compared with those with an ARR of >1.1 ( n = 125). The median BFFS and OS for these two groups was 51 vs. 101 months ( p = 0.001) and 96 vs. 128 months ( p = 0.01), respectively. On multivariate analysis, the effect of ARR on the risk of biochemical failure for patients with an ARR of p = 0.03) only during the first year after RT. In contrast, the effect of the ARR on OS remained significant for a full 5 years ( p = 0.05). Conclusion The results of our study have shown that an ARR of
Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the Truckee River‐Pyramid Lake surface‐water system. 3. Source of water vapor overlying Pyramid Lake

During 1988 and 1989, a series of water-vapor extractions were conducted in the Pyramid Lake basin to determine the source of moisture that overlies the lake. Calculations of the isotopic and water-vapor balances were made from isotopic and meteorological data from the Pyramid Lake and Reno, Nevada, areas. The results indicate that in the warm season, most of the moisture that overlies the lake is derived from evaporation as opposed to advected moisture. Isotopic fluxes at the lake surface can be approximated by climatic data from the lake site, which simplifies the calculation of this input in numerical simulations of the isotopic evolution of the lake. The stable-isotopic composition of a lake is a function of the volume-weighted isotopic values of each component of the lake’s hydrologic balance. Researchers have used the stable-isotope history of a lake together with the volume-weighted isotopic composition of easily measured components of the hydrologic balance to estimate the stable-isotope values or amounts of less easily measured components of the hydrologic balance (see IAEA 1970, 1979). It is usually relatively simple to quantify the amounts and isotopic compositions of components of the surface-water system and the isotopic composition of groundwater. It is often more difficult to quantify the amount and direction of groundwater transport across the sediment-water interface and the amount and isotopic composition of lake surface evaporation. The isotopic value of water evaporated from a lake is highly dependent on the isotopic value Acknowledgments We express our appreciation to those who assisted in sampling, including Jim Davis, Dan Mosley, and Nancy Vucinich. Special thanks to Irving Friedman, who loaned us the copper traps used for water-vapor extraction; to Carol Kendall and Tyler Coplen, who oversaw the isotopic analyses; to James Ashby, who maintained the weather stations; and to Steve Hostetler, who extracted the meteorological data from the weather-station database and stratified the wind data for the Sutcliffc and Northshore sites. We also thank Zell Peterman, Steve Hostetler, and Pieter Tans for reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript.
Some Considerations on Conditional Chances

Four interpretations of single-case conditional propensities are described and it is shown that for each a version of what has been called ‘Humphreys’ Paradox’ remains, despite the clarifying work of Gillies, McCurdy and Miller. This entails that propensities cannot be a satisfactory interpretation of standard probability theory.
The type I interferons: Basic concepts and clinical relevance in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

There is increasing scientific and clinical interest in elucidating the biology of type I Interferons, which began approximately 60 years ago with the concept of "viral interference", a property that reduces the ability of a virus to infect cells. Although our understanding of the multiple cellular and molecular functions of interferons has advanced significantly, much remains to be learned and type I Interferons remain an active and fascinating area of inquiry. In this review, we cover some general aspects of type I interferon genes, with emphasis on interferon-alpha, and various aspects of molecular mechanisms triggered by type I interferons and toll-like receptor signaling by the Janus activated kinase/signal transducer activation of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway and interferon regulatory factor pathway. We will also describe the role of type I interferons in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and its potential use as therapeutic agent.
Phase-field simulation of domain structure evolution during a coherent hexagonal-to-orthorhombic transformation

Abstract The formation and temporal evolution of domain structures during a hexagonal → orthorhombic transformation is studied using computer simulations based on a continuum diffuse-interface phase-field approach. All the essential driving forces for the domain formation and evolution are taken into account, including the bulk chemical free energy, the domain wall energy and the elastic strain energy. The various domain configurations observed from the computer simulations show excellent agreement with existing experimental observations in a number of systems undergoing hexagonal → orthorhombic or hexagonal → monoclinic transformations. It is shown that, even with the assumption of isotropic domain wall energy and isotropic elastic modulus, the anisotropic elastic interactions alone caused by the non-dilatational strains can reproduce all the interesting domain structures observed experimentally. It is also demonstrated that many of the specific domain configurations are actually formed during the domain...
Simulation strategies and signatures of chaos in classical nonlinear response

Algorithms are presented for overcoming the computational challenge of nonlinear response functions which describe the response of a classical system to a sequence of n pulses and depend on nth order multipoint stability matrices containing signatures of chaos. Simulations for the Lorentz gas demonstrate that finite field algorithms can be effectively used for the robust, long time calculation of nonlinear response functions. These offer the possibility to characterize chaos beyond the commonly used Lyapunov exponents and suggest new experimentally accessible measures of chaos.
DNA Damage-Induced Acetylation of Lysine 3016 of ATM Activates ATM Kinase Activity

The ATM protein kinase is essential for cells to repair and survive genotoxic events. The activation of ATM's kinase activity involves acetylation of ATM by the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase. In this study, systematic mutagenesis of lysine residues was used to identify regulatory ATM acetylation sites. The results identify a single acetylation site at lysine 3016, which is located in the highly conserved C-terminal FATC domain adjacent to the kinase domain. Antibodies specific for acetyl-lysine 3016 demonstrate rapid (within 5 min) in vivo acetylation of ATM following exposure to bleomycin. Furthermore, lysine 3016 of ATM is a substrate in vitro for the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase. Mutation of lysine 3016 does not affect unstimulated ATM kinase activity but does abolish upregulation of ATM's kinase activity by DNA damage, inhibits the conversion of inactive ATM dimers to active ATM monomers, and prevents the ATM-dependent phosphorylation of the p53 and chk2 proteins. These results are consistent with a model in which acetylation of lysine 3016 in the FATC domain of ATM activates the kinase activity of ATM. The acetylation of ATM on lysine 3016 by Tip60 is therefore a key step linking the detection of DNA damage and the activation of ATM kinase activity.
Backchan.nl: integrating backchannels with physical space

In this paper, we describe backchan.nl, a web based backchannel system that focuses on providing greater audience participation during question and answer sessions. The system allows audience members to use a web-based service to propose questions and comments, and to vote on the questions of others. Top rated submissions are projected into the presentation space where audience members, moderators, and panelists can see them. We discuss the results of deploying this system at many different kinds of conferences and relate those results to the particular design of our system, demonstrating how backchannel systems can be more than just shared chat rooms. From our experience with this work, we discuss the broader implications of configurable mediated social spaces and how subtle design decisions can influence user experience
Effect of Sleep State and Position on Obstructive Respiratory Events Distribution in Adolescent Children.

Study Objectives:This study aimed to examine the effect of sleep state (rapid eye movement [REM] versus non-rapid eye movement [NREM]) and position (supine versus non-supine position) on obstructiv...
I. Sensing of lipid by the intestinal mucosa

It is well recognized that lipid in the intestine is a potent inhibitor of gastric secretomotor function. Progress has been made in the identification of the “sensor” for lipid in the intestinal wall. Long-chain free fatty acids are the stimulus both for release of CCK and for the production of functional effects. Long-chain triglyceride requires chylomicron formation for absorption, and there is strong evidence that the postabsorptive products of long-chain triglyceride absorption, including chylomicrons and apolipoproteins, are involved in sensory transduction in the intestinal wall.
Monadjem, A., P. J. Taylor, F. P. D. Cotterill, and M. C. Schoeman. 2010. Bats of Southern and Central Africa: A Biogeographic and Taxonomic Synthesis. Wits University Press, Johannesburg, South Africa, 596 pp. ISBN 978-1-86814-508-9, price (paper), $70.00

A. Monadjem, P. J. Taylor, F. P. D. Cotterill, M. C. Schoeman. 2010. Bats of Southern and Central Africa: A Biogeographic and Taxonomic Synthesis. Wits University Press, Johannesburg, South Africa, 596 pp. ISBN 978-1-86814-508-9, price (paper), $70.00. Bats are the 2nd most diverse order of mammals (behind rodents) and make up roughly one-fifth of the world's known mammalian diversity (Simmons 2005). The faunas of different geographical regions have been studied to various degrees. New World bats, for example, have been the target of myriad studies that have increased in the recent past, and our understanding of the taxonomy, ecology, and behavior is greatly enhanced as a result. Chiropterans of Africa have received less attention, although important reference materials from various workers, including those of Bergmans (1988), (1997), Koopman (1975), Rosevear (1965), and Hayman and Hill (1971), stand as landmarks that remain incredibly valuable resources today. The bats of southern Africa have been studied intensely over the past few decades, but a synthesis of the resulting knowledge has been lacking until now. The elegant volume by Monadjem, Taylor, Cotterill, and Schoeman is that compilation and it is very informative and timely. The 4 authors are arguably the world's experts on the bat (and other mammalian) fauna of southern Africa. Significantly, this expertise is based on extensive fieldwork and detailed study of curated voucher specimens. The authors' grasp of everything from echolocation to variation in cranial characteristics to molecular systematics is evident throughout the volume and is presented in an understandable and readable manner. The book is made up of 6 sections broken into various subsections including Introduction, Museum Collections and Pioneering Researchers, Bat Biology, Biogeography, Echolocation , and Species Accounts …
All optical three dimensional spatio-temporal correlator for automatic event recognition using a multiphoton atomic system

Abstract We describe an automatic event recognition (AER) system based on a three-dimensional spatio-temporal correlator (STC) that combines the techniques of holographic correlation and photon echo based temporal pattern recognition. The STC is shift invariant in space and time. It can be used to recognize rapidly an event (e.g., a short video clip) that may be present in a large video file, and determine the temporal location of the event. Using polar Mellin transform, it is possible to realize an STC that is also scale and rotation invariant spatially. Numerical simulation results of such a system are presented using quantum mechanical equations of evolution. For this simulation we have used the model of an idealized, decay-free two level system of atoms with an inhomogeneous broadening that is larger than the inverse of the temporal resolution of the data stream. We show how such a system can be realized by using a lambda-type three level system in atomic vapor, via adiabatic elimination of the intermediate state. We have also developed analytically a three dimensional transfer function of the system, and shown that it agrees closely with the results obtained via explicit simulation of the atomic response. The analytical transfer function can be used to determine the response of an STC very rapidly. In addition to the correlation signal, other nonlinear terms appear in the explicit numerical model. These terms are also verified by the analytical model. We describe how the AER can be operated in a manner such that the correlation signal remains unaffected by the additional nonlinear terms. We also show how such a practical STC can be realized using a combination of a porous-glass based Rb vapor cell, a holographic video disc, and a lithium niobate crystal.
A Complement-binding Antigen in Extracts of the Brown-Pearce Carcinoma of Rabbits:

Summary and CommentA substance is present in extracts of the Brown-Pearce tumor which binds complement specifically when mixed with the sera of rabbits bearing the growth, or in which it has retrogressed. The substance is readily distinguishable from the complement-binding antigen which can be extracted from the virus-induced papillomas of rabbits, though it resembles the latter in its general traits. Further work is under way to determine the significance of the findings.
A continuously recording scanning device for radio-chromatographic analysis of labelled antigen-antibody reactions.

Summary1. A continuously recording counter adapted to the scanning of radio chromatograms has been described. 2. This method has been applied to a chromatographic method of demonstrating and measuring the reaction between radioactive iodine labelled bovine serum albumin and its antiserum. 3. Preliminary experiments have shown a reasonable agreement between the zone of maximum antigen fixation obtained by a chromatographic method and the zone of maximum precipitation obtained by the precipitin method. 4. The method appears to have useful possibilities in characterizing soluble antigen-antibody complexes as well as other protein-protein interactions. 5. It has been demonstrated that normal sera have the property of permitting a homogeneous movement of the labelled bovine serum albumin whereas the buffered solutions thus far tried have resulted in streaking of the albumin.
Use-Dependent Block of Human Cardiac Sodium Channels by GS967

GS-458967, 6-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (GS967) is a recently described, novel, sodium channel inhibitor exhibiting potent antiarrhythmic effects in various in vitro and in vivo models. The antiarrhythmic mechanism has been attributed to preferential suppression of late sodium current. However, there has been no reported systematic investigation of the effects of this compound on isolated sodium channels. Here, we examined the effects of GS967 on peak (INaP) and late (INaL) sodium current recorded from cells that heterologously expressed human cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, the principle cardiac sodium channel. As previously described, we observed that GS967 exerted tonic block of INaL (63%) to a significantly greater extent than INaP (19%). However, GS967 also caused a reduction of INaP in a frequency-dependent manner, consistent with use-dependent block (UDB). GS967 evoked more potent UDB of INaP (IC50 = 0.07 µM) than ranolazine (16 µM) and lidocaine (17 µM). Use-dependent block was best explained by a significant slowing of recovery from fast and slow inactivation with a significant enhancement of slow inactivation in the presence of GS967. Furthermore, GS967 was found to exert these same effects on a prototypical long QT syndrome mutation (delKPQ). An engineered mutation at an interaction site for local anesthetic agents (F1760A) partially attenuated the effect of GS967 on UDB, but had no effect on tonic INaL block. We conclude that GS967 is a preferential inhibitor of INaL, but it also exerts previously unreported strong effects on slow inactivation and recovery from inactivation, resulting in substantial UDB that is not entirely dependent on a known interaction site for local anesthetic agents.
Abstract C103: The combination of PI3kδ-selective inhibition and immunomodulation shows efficacy in solid tumor models

Understanding the in vivo responses to immunoregulatory agents provides a basis for building more efficacious combination regimens. Pharmacologic inhibition of the oncogenic PI3Kδ pathway has been shown to be active in patients with hematopoietic malignancies. Recently, genetic inactivation of PI3Kδ in mice was shown to delay the growth of solid tumors, through the inactivation of Treg-mediated suppression of cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses, suggesting that it may have additional utility in this patient population. We identified a similar immunomodulatory role for the PI3Kδ-selective inhibitor INCB050465 in a preclinical model of pancreatic cancer, where an increase in the number of CD8+ T cells, a decrease in the number of suppressor cells and efficacy were seen. Therefore we explored the potential of INCB050465 in additional preclinical solid tumor models, alone and in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents. INCB050465 inhibited tumor growth in multiple established tumor models which are not dependent upon oncogenic PI3K signaling. Tumor growth inhibition was not observed in these models in immunocompromised mice, demonstrating that the anti-tumor effects of these agents require an intact immune system. To further investigate immune-mediated mechanisms, tumors were analyzed for modulation of gene expression and immune phenotype after mice received short-term treatment. INCB050465 was shown to significantly downregulate the T cell gene signature in tumors, and this was primarily due to depletion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. As seen previously, the number of CD8+ T cells was shown to be higher in INCB050465-treated tumors. The combination of PI3Kδ and JAK inhibition resulted in enhanced activity in a T-cell-inflamed model by reducing both Treg and M2 macrophages, which promotes re-activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, PI3Kδ inhibition and PD-L1 blockade resulted in enhanced efficacy by depleting Treg and prolonging T cell response over time. In summary, pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kδ can enhance anti-tumor immunity by depleting Treg while increasing the numbers of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These data support clinical evaluation of the mechanism, and further studies to understand the molecular basis of efficacy and complex cellular responses may provide rationale to identify individuals who may benefit from PI3Kδ inhibitor-based immunotherapy combinations in the clinic. Citation Format: Holly K. Koblish, Liang-Chuan Wang, Michael Hansbury, Yue Zhang, Gengjie Yang, Timothy Burn, Paul Waeltz, Mark Rupar, Eddy Yue, Brent Douty, Thomas Maduskuie, Nikoo Falahatpisheh, Yun-long Li, Andrew Combs, Gregory Hollis, Reid Huber, Peggy Scherle. The combination of PI3kδ-selective inhibition and immunomodulation shows efficacy in solid tumor models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C103.
Placenta and fetal tissues: a biphasic system for the synthesis of steroids.

Although the trophoblast and the tissues of the fetus have a common derivation from the fertilized ovum, they have, in the course of cellular differentiation, acquired different patterns of enzymes. This is particularly striking in the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of steroids, for each lacks one or more key enzymes. Moreover, since the enzymes lacking in one are present in the other, the fetus and placenta together are able to synthesize estrogens from simple precursors, although neither can accomplish this alone. Because of this distribution of enzymes the steroids must shuttle back and forth from placenta to fetus for successive steps in the biosynthesis pathway. for estriol, whereas the placenta alone can synthesize progesterone from cholesterol and cholesterol from simple precursors such as acetic acid.
SETI, Radon Transforms, and Optimization

My purpose today is to explain the connections indicated in the title, tell you about a recent successful observation by the NASA-SETI team using prototype SETI hardware at Goldstone, outline a data analysis problem facing the Microwave Observing Project, and give some preliminary results that may prove useful in solution of the data analysis problem. You will not hear anything about how Bayesian probability theory and maximum entropy are being used to solve signal processing problems in SETI. One of my purposes in attending this conference is to learn how SETI might profit by using these methods for processing a prodigious amount of data in real time. Your suggestions will be greatly appreciated.
Other Quantitative Views of Human Capital

This chapter provides an overview of other quantitative tools for understanding an organization’s human capital. The previous chapters examined the overall value of the assembled workforce in place, which is the primary focus of this book. However, economic logic and quantitative measurement are also relevant to examining incremental changes in value associated with human capital practices and for informing human capital strategy decisions. In this chapter, we consider utility analysis, human capital metrics and workforce analytics as ways to evaluate specific aspects of the workforce and human resource practices that ultimately have a bearing on the value of the firm’s human capital.
Design Guidelines and Empirical Case Study for Scaling Authentic Inquiry-based Science Learning via Open Online Courses and Interactive Biology Cloud Labs

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and other national frameworks are calling for much more sophisticated approaches to STEM education, centered around the integration of complex experimentation (including real labs, not just simulations), data collection and analysis, modeling, and data-driven argumentation, i.e., students can behave like real scientists. How to implement such complex approaches in scalable ways is an unsolved challenge - both for presential and distance education. Here we report on the iterative design and large-scale deployment of an open online course with a “biology cloud experimentation lab” (using living cells) that engaged remote learners (> 300 students) in the scientific practices of experimentation, modeling and data analysis to investigate the phototaxis of a microorganism. We demonstrate (1) the robustness and scalability of the cloud lab technology (> 2,300 experiments run), (2) the design principles and synergistic integration of multiple UI and learning activities and suitable data formats to facilitate NGSS-aligned science activities, and (3) design features that leverages the natural variability of real biology experiments to instigate authentic inquiry. This platform and course content are now suited for large-scale adaptation in formal K-16 education; and we provide recommendations for inquiry-based science learning in general.
In memoriam: Edward D. Beard, 1934–2017

Long-time US Air Force space environment/weather forecaster Edward Beard died on 23 July 2017.
Immunization Update V

With all the new vaccines and strategies for prevention, the most important challenge that one continues to talk about globally and at home is the one presented by ongoing transmission of diseases for which excellent vaccines already exist. As pediatricians, this presents a constant reminder to keep the conversation about the importance of vaccine-preventable diseases with the patients and their families going at every possible opportunity possible. One needs to constantly remind oneself that every case of a vaccine-preventable disease is a missed opportunity for prevention. One must also have a broader perspective for global eradication of vaccine-preventable disease and advocate for availability of vaccines globally at affordable cost and encourage local vaccine development.
Postpartum LARC: Best Practices, Policy and Public Health Implications

To review current literature highlighting effective strategies and policies in implementation of postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) as well as outcomes of postpartum LARC use. The use of postpartum LARC is highly desired by patients, effective at reducing rates of unintended and short interval pregnancies, and has demonstrated significant health care savings. Despite these positive outcomes associated with postpartum LARC use, availability of immediate postpartum LARC is limited in the majority of US hospitals. Barriers to the provision of postpartum LARC include lack of physician education and comfort in placing postpartum LARC, lack of effective reimbursement structures, lack of streamlined protocols for identifying women who are candidates for postpartum LARC, and lack of structural support for the provision of LARC. Providers can eliminate barriers to postpartum LARC access once patients are discharged from the hospital by enhancing efforts to identify patients who are at high risk of no follow-up and by eliminating two-step protocols for LARC insertion. A step-wise strategical approach involving planning, implementation, and sustainability is effective for initiating postpartum LARC programs in hospitals. Enhancing physician education, collaborating among hospital-wide stakeholders, and reforming reimbursement strategies are all key components of successful implementation plans. Future research should continue to demonstrate cost effectiveness of postpartum LARC, and efforts to disseminate this information to other hospitals should be enhanced. Research should also target postpartum LARC insertion techniques to overcome variability of expulsion rate data and elucidate superior postpartum insertion techniques. Lastly, research should target identification strategies for women who desire postpartum LARC; for example, protocol development for streamlining access to patient’s contraceptive preferences from antenatal care to labor and delivery care, or a modified labor and delivery intake form.
Sensitivity, Inquiry, and the Role of Film in History Education

The notion of “difficult knowledge” (Britzman, 1998; Pitt & Britzman, 2003) has made a considerable impact in the field of social studies education over the past decade. Chapters on teaching diffic...