cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2198: Integrin αvβ3-targeted lipase-labile docetaxel-prodrug micelles preferentially treat breast cancer bone metastases

Background: Bone metastases occur in 70% of metastatic breast cancer patients and are a leading cause of morbidity. Current therapies are often palliative, in part due to a lack of specificity for tumor targets within the bone. Integrin αvβ3 is overexpressed on neo-angiogenic blood vessels, tumor-promoting macrophages, osteoclasts, and more aggressive breast cancer cells, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Objective: The goal of this study was to use Sn2 lipase-labile docetaxel-prodrug nanoparticle, targeted against activated integrin αvβ3, to attenuate breast cancer metastases. Methods: A novel phospholipid-based micelle (∼12.5 nm) was functionalized with a peptidomimetic for activated integrin αvβ3, and designed to carry either rhodamine for fluorescent labeling or Sn2 lipase-labile prodrug of docetaxel (DTX-PD) for drug delivery. For microscopic localization studies, fluorescently labeled micelles were prepared with or without integrin αvβ3-targeting. C57BL/6 female mice received MMTV-PyMT breast cancer cell line (luciferase-labeled) via intracardiac (IC) injection to achieve tumor metastasis in all major organs. On day 8 post-IC injection, micelle preparations were administered i.v. and circulated within C57BL/6 mice for 3 hours prior to sacrifice and tissue collection. For drug efficacy studies, Sn2 lipase-labile docetaxel-prodrug was incorporated into αvβ3-micelles (αvβ3-DTX-PD). C57BL/6 female mice IC injected with MMTV-PyMT cells (luciferase-labeled) were treated with αvβ3-DTX-PD, or molar equivalent dose of free-DTX, or saline. Beginning on day 4 post-IC injection, mice were treated 3 times, once every 3 days (1.85mg/kg DTX per treatment). On day 12 post-IC injection, metastatic burden in the major organs was analyzed via ex vivo bioluminescent imaging. Results: Fluorescent histological analysis of the tibiofemoral bone region showed significant colocalization of αvβ3-micelles with breast cancer bone metastases, as compared with non-targeted micelles (6.5-fold increase, p Conclusion: These findings suggest that the unique elevated expression of integrin αvβ3 within breast cancer bone metastases could be exploited with αvβ3-DTX-PD micelles for effective therapy. Citation Format: Michael H. Ross, Alison K. Esser, Anne H. Schmieder, Grace Cui, Xiaoxia Yang, Xinming Su, Dipanjan Pan, Gregory M. Lanza, Katherine N. Weilbaecher. Integrin αvβ3-targeted lipase-labile docetaxel-prodrug micelles preferentially treat breast cancer bone metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2198.
Impact of a Neighborhood-Based Curriculum on the Helpfulness of Pediatric Residents’ Anticipatory Guidance to Impoverished Families

Introduction Neighborhood location has been shown to impact childhood health and well-being. It follows that neighborhood context-the risks and assets present within a patient's neighborhood-may be an important consideration during provision of primary care. Pediatric residents often serve as the primary care physicians for high risk populations though are often unfamiliar with local neighborhoods. As such, education interventions that deepen residents' understanding of a patient's neighborhood context may allow for targeted care provision. A neighborhood-based curriculum was therefore created to improve residents' familiarity with local neighborhoods. Methods The neighborhood-based curriculum utilized a shared interactive presentation to address the topics of housing, nutrition, safe play, pharmacies, and transportation. Education modules included introduction to readily available on-line resources. A pre-post survey assessed resident self-perceived competence on the curricular topics of interest. Caregivers were interviewed in the post-curriculum period to rate the helpfulness of resident-administered advice. Results Following the curriculum, residents reported improved competence on the topics of safe play and transportation (p < 0.05). When addressed in the clinical setting, the large majority of families felt that residents' advice on curricular topics was helpful; however, individual curricular topics were not consistently addressed during clinical encounters. Discussion A neighborhood-based education curriculum can be effective in teaching pediatric residents about the social determinants of health and local neighborhood resources. As research increasingly demonstrates the impact of neighborhood on health, we expect further educational focus on neighborhood as a means from which to educate residents who often care for an impoverished population.
An Art for Every Day

The Way of Tea, or Chanoyu, commonly known as the Japanese Tea Ceremony, is an art form built around the simple every-day act of preparing, offering and receiving a bowl of tea in a carefully created environment. In truth it is a lot more than just that. The Way of Tea is a way to tranquility and clarity of mind through meditation in motion. Unlike many other meditative practices, it happens without detachment from the reality but right in the real world with its colours, tastes, sounds, fragrances and textures. It actually elevates daily activities to the level of art. While tea procedures are highly efficient and systematized, once mastered, their efficiency is fully re-applicable to daily life. Interestingly, following the rigid form actually results in the development of one's creativity and freedom. Arguably a performing art of its own kind, Chanoyu sets the stage for people and objects to create a happening in a special setting in order to attain an unrepeatable cathartic experience. I propose to explore how this interdisciplinary synthesis of arts-Chanoyu-brings art to life and life to art through its holistic approach.
A framework for dictionary learning based hyperspectral pixel classification

This paper explores the utility of using dictionary learning as a preprocessing stage in the data reduction of hyperspectral data for the express purpose of improving detection and classification of materials. This paper sets up the general framework, and discusses some of the preliminary research from pairing a random forest classifier with dictionary learning.
Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for a Little Bluestem Collection

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Schizachyrium scoparium, ornamental grass, SSR marker, population structure, ploidy ABSTRACT. Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) is a perennial bunchgrass that is native to North American prairies andwoodlandsfrom southernCanadato northern Mexico. Originallyused asaforage grass,little bluestem is now listed as a major U.S. native, ornamental grass. With the widespread planting of only a few cultivars, we aimed to assess the ploidy level and genetic diversity among some popular cultivars and accessions in the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Plant Germplasm System collection. Ten microsatellite markers, with successful amplification, were developed by using sequences available in Genbank and additional simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were generated by using ion torrent sequencing of a genomic library created from the cultivar The Blues. A total of 2812 primer sets was designed from high-throughput sequencing, 100 primer pairs were selected, and 82 of these primers successfully amplified DNA from the Schizachyrium accessions. Only 35 primer pairs, generating 102 scored fragments, were polymorphic among S. scoparium accessions. Twenty-two primer pairs generated more than four fragments per accession. The use of a repetitive sequence identifier found that of 117 examined sequences, only nine sequences did not have similarity to DNA transposons, retrotransposons, viruses, or satellite sequences. The most frequently identified fragments were the long terminal repeat retrotransposons Gypsy (177 fragments) and Copia (98 fragments) and the DNA transposon EnSpm (60 fragments). Using the software program Structure, cluster analysis of the SSR data for S. scoparium revealed four groups. The lowest genetic similarity between little bluestem samples was 86%, which was surprising as a high degree of morphological variation is seen in this species. Furthermore, no variation in ploidy level was seen among little bluestem samples. These microsatellite markers are the first sequence-specific markers designed for little bluestem and can serve as a resource for future genetic studies.
Hydrodynamic stability of boundary layers with surface mass transfer

The linear stability of the flat plate boundary layer with surface blowing and suction is investigated by the application of numerical techniques. Complete neutral stability curves, critical Reynolds numbers and wave numbers, and other stability characteristics are determined for a wide range of surface mass transfer intensities. The critical Reynolds number, based on the displacement thickness, is found to vary from 59 to 32500 between the extreme limits of blowing and suction that are investigated. Comparisons are made between the present results and available linear stability information for boundary layers with surface mass transfer and with free-stream pressure gradients. The universal stability bound of Joseph is evaluated and compared with the corresponding numerically exact neutral stability curve.
Remote Sensing in Atmospheric Air using Nonlinear Optics

We study nonlinear optical effects using ultrafast pulses in atmospheric air, and show how they lead to backwards air lasing, femtosecond air tagging via multiphoton dissociation, and electric field measurements using second harmonic generation.
Quantum magnetism: Kitaev physics crystalized

A state of matter known as a quantum spin liquid has been predicted to host Majorana fermions. Recent neutron scattering and specific heat results add to the growing body of evidence suggesting they exist in the quantum magnet α-RuCl3.
A multiple knowledge approach for adaptation to environmental change: lessons learned from coastal Louisiana's tribal communities

Environmental changes, such as sea level rise, are forcibly displacing communities around the world. Forced displacement, inadequate governance mechanisms to address relocation and economic-based adaptation and restoration efforts are leading to devastating social, cultural, health, and economic consequences for the people and communities affected. This article focuses on three tribal communities in coastal Louisiana that are experiencing rapid environmental change and risk of displacement due to historical discriminatory processes, oil and dam-related development projects, oil disasters, increased exposure to hurricanes, and relative sea level rise. Focusing on the political ecology of the communities' experiences of environmental change, including the impacts of displacement and decisions to stay in-place vs. relocate, this paper addresses broader issues of adaptive governance structures and policy implications. Building on Bronen's (2011) rights-based approach to adaptation and Shearer's (2012) approach to a political ecology of adaptation, I argue that governance structures should be put in place that support communities' in-situ adaptation efforts or, if the community decides its current location is no longer inhabitable, to assist community-led relocation efforts. Multiple forms of knowledge should be incorporated into and should inform the structures supporting the adaptation process. I highlight the social, political, environmental and economic context within which environmental changes are occurring in coastal Louisiana through discussion on the loss of the commons, the creation of an energy sacrifice zone, costbenefit based restoration efforts and forced displacement and relocation. Key words: Environmental change, displacement, relocation, adaptation
Rapidly fatal Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis in a patient with pyruvate kinase deficiency and asplenia.

![Figure][1] A 24-year-old man presented to the emergency room with respiratory distress and altered mental status. He had a past medical history of pyruvate kinase deficiency with status postsplenectomy at 6 years of age. On examination, he was hypotensive and febrile; he was intubated on
Petitioning the Sultan: protests and justice in late Ottoman Palestine, by Yuval Ben-Bassat

Petitioning, in recent years, has come to be seen not as the abject grovelling of a powerless people before an all-powerful ruler, but as part of the political process surrounding an authority that...
Quantifying known and emerging uterine pathogens, and evaluating their association with metritis and fever in dairy cows

Metritis is caused by polymicrobial infection; however, recent metagenomic work challenges the importance of known pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes while identifying potential new pathogens such as Bacteroides pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii and Helcococcus ovis. This study aims to quantify known and emerging uterine pathogens, and to evaluate their association with metritis and fever in dairy cows. Metritis was diagnosed at 6 ± 2 days postpartum, a uterine swab was collected and rectal temperature was measured. 39 cows were classified into three groups: Healthy (n = 14), Metritis without fever (MNoFever; n = 12), and Metritis with fever (MFever; n = 13). Absolute copy number was determined for total bacteria and for 8 potentially pathogenic bacteria using droplet digital PCR. Both MNoFever and MFever cows had higher copy number of total bacteria, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella melaninogenica, Bacteroides pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii, and Helcococcus ovis than Healthy cows. MNoFever and MFever groups were similar. There was no difference among groups in copy number of Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, and Bacteroides heparinolyticus, and they all had low copy numbers. Our work confirms the importance of some bacteria identified by culture-based studies in the pathogenesis of metritis such as Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella melaninogenica; however, it challenges the importance of others such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes at the time of metritis diagnosis. Additionally, Bacteroides pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii, and Helcococcus ovis were recognized as emerging pathogens involved in the etiology of metritis. Furthermore, fever was not associated with the total bacterial load or specific bacteria.
Attitudes on technological, social, and behavioral economic strategies to reduce cellphone use among teens while driving.

Objective: The majority of U.S. teens admit to handheld cellphone use while driving, an increasingly common cause of crashes. Attitudes toward novel cellphone applications and settings that block u...
Access to and Experiences with e-Health Technology Among Glaucoma Patients and Their Relationship with Medication Adherence

Abstract Background: As online health information becomes common, it is important to assess patients' access to and experiences with online resources. Introduction: We examined whether glaucoma patients' technology usage differs by medication adherence and whether adherence is associated with online education experiences. Materials and Methods: We included 164 adults with glaucoma taking ≥1 glaucoma medication. Participants completed a survey including demographic and health information, the Morisky Adherence Scale, and questions about online glaucoma resource usage. Differences in technology access, adherence, and age were compared with chi-squared, Fisher exact, and two-sample t-tests. Results: Mean age was 66 years. Twenty-six percent reported poor adherence. Eighty percent had good technology access. Seventy-three percent of subjects with greater technology access wanted online glaucoma information and yet only 14% of patients had been directed to online resources by physicians. There was no relations...
Purification of calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography.

Immobilized ACC-1 and ACAP-1 antibodies are effective tools for the purification of active calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterases. ACC-1 antibody binds all bovine and rat brain isozymes in a Ca2+-dependent manner and has been used for their purification. Since ACC-1 binds both bovine brain isozymes (61- and 63-kDa forms) and ACAP-1 recognizes only the 61-kDa isozyme, ACAP-1 can be used to separate and purify the two brain isozymes. The procedures described here for phosphodiesterase isolation from brain are rapid and require few enzymatic assays, resulting in preparations of good purity, specific activity, and yield (Tables II, III). The procedures for brain tissue can be easily adapted for use with larger amounts of tissue. The cross-reactivity of ACAP-1 for rat brain phosphodiesterase suggests that this antibody may recognize isozymes from other mammalian tissues.
Products of Vector Spaces

In this chapter we consider a process for forming out of a pair consisting of a right vector space R′ and a left vector space S, a group R′ × S called the direct product of the two spaces. The product R′ × S is a commutative group, but in general there is no natural way of regarding this group as a vector space. Our process does lead to a vector space if one of the factors is a two-sided vector space. We define this concept here, and we remark that, if Δ = Φ is a field, then any left or right space can be regarded, in a trivial fashion, as a two-sided space. This leads to the definition of the Kronecker product of two vector spaces over a field. We also discuss the elements of tensor algebra, and we consider the extension of a vector space over a field Φ to a vector space over a field P containing Φ. Finally we consider the concept of a (non-associative) algebra over a field, and we define the direct product of algebras.
Structure Function Relationships of Sustained on Ganglion Cells of the Mudpuppy Retina

The technique of whole cell recording (WCR) with patch clamp micropipettes has provided new insights into the properties of nerve cells (Hamill et. al., 1981). This method has received its widest application in dissociated cells, but more recently the “gigaseals” required for success with this technique have been achieved in brain and retinal slice preparations (See Werblin this volume). We have succeeded in obtaining WCR from cells of the intact retina (Coleman and Miller, in Press). Although the major focus of this research has been directed to the mudpuppy, we have also obtained gigaseals from neurons of the rabbit retina, so the overall method may have broad application. Figure 1 illustrates the general approach we use to obtain WCR in the amphibian retina. For this method, large diameter, low resistance micropipettes are fabricated, filled with a Ringer solution compatible with the intracellular ionic constituents and advanced to the retinal surface. The isolated, perfused retina-eyecup preparation is used for these experiments, with the added treatment of a 3 minute exposure to an enzymatic mixture of collagenase and hyaluronidase to further remove remnants of the vitreous.
Comments on (5), (14), (22), (30), and (31)

During the two decades after the publication of the pioneering papers “Proof of the ergodic theorem” and “Proof the quasi-ergodic hypothesis” by Birkhoff [4] and von Neumann [18], but before the publication of “A general ergodic theorem” by Calderon in 1953, there were new proofs and generalizations of the results of Birkhoff and von Neumann given by many mathematicians. These include, among others, Khintchine, Hopf, Kolmogorov, F. Riesz, Yoshida, Kakutani, Wiener, Dunford, Pitt, Doob, and Zygmund. Much of this substantial body of work is referenced in [11], [15], and [16]. Explorations in many new directions have continued since then and have greatly expanded the connections and applications of ergodic theory to other parts of mathematics and beyond. Calderon’s 1953 paper (5) played an important role in this development.
Capturing Stereotypes: Developing a Scale to Explore U.S. College Students’ Images of Science and Scientists

The purpose of this study was to develop a contemporary measure of undergraduates' stereotypes of scientists that will make it possible to examine similarities and differences across time, place, culture, and demographics. The Stereotypes of Scientists (SOS) Scale is intended to be a catalyst for research that explores the degree to which college students' current stereotypes of scientists vary by their gender, ethnicity, country, education level, and academic major. The research was designed to identify the character and content of contemporary college students' images of scientists, both what they ‘do' in their day-to-day work and who they ‘are' as people. The majority of participants (n = 1,106) were college students. Fifty-seven possible items were generated from several sources. Results of exploratory factor analyses for the Stereotypes of Scientists (SOS) Scale indicate a twenty-two item, two-factor solution with the constructs of Professional Competencies (13 items) and Interpersonal Competencies (9 items). Further analyses of the SOS Scale found no effect of participants' gender on the construct validity or reliability of the scale. Thus, in the sample, women and men had similar responses to the items. A review of the items in the two factors suggests that students have complex, and sometimes contradictory, images of scientists, which resonate with but do not neatly reproduce an alignment between images of ‘scientists' and Western norms related to masculinity.
Partnerschaften im Vergleich

Die empirische Untersuchung konnte im Hinblick auf die eingangs gestellte Frage nach dem Potenzial von Partnerschaften zwischen Verwaltung und BurgerInnen fur die lokale Demokratie desillusionieren. Die Motivation und Erwartung der Verwaltungsvertreter ist in allen Stadten eindeutig: Es geht im Zeichen von Finanzkrisen vor allem darum, Einsparpotenziale zu realisieren und die Legitimitat kommunalen Handelns bei den BurgerInnen zu erhohen.
Ipsilateral and contralateral effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on hip motion and electromyographic activity

The effects of two proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on increasing the range of hip flexion during active straight leg raising were compared in 30 normal women. Subjects were randomly assigned into contract-relax, hold-relax, or control groups and were tested with the pelvis stabilized. An exercise technique was applied to the right lower extremity in two diagonal patterns while electrical activity was monitored from the contralateral rectus femoris, vastus medialis, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris muscles. Comparison of pretest and posttest measurements of the angle of straight leg raising of both lower extremities indicated that the increase in range of motion of the right lower extremity in subjects in the contract-relax group was significantly greater than that in the hold-relax and control groups. For the unexercised extremity, the increase in motion in subjects in the contract-relax group was significantly greater than that in the control group. Of the 30 subjects, 29 showed evidence of electrical activity in the contralateral limb when the right lower extremity was contracting against resistance.
Interpretable Machine Learning in Healthcare

This tutorial extensively covers the definitions, nuances, challenges, and requirements for the design of interpretable and explainable machine learning models and systems in healthcare. We discuss many uses in which interpretable machine learning models are needed in healthcare and how they should be deployed. Additionally, we explore the landscape of recent advances to address the challenges model interpretability in healthcare and also describe how one would go about choosing the right interpretable machine learnig algorithm for a given problem in healthcare.
An Orbital-Overlap Complement to Ligand and Binding Site Electrostatic Potential Maps

Orbitals and orbital overlap are important concepts in chemistry but are seldom incorporated into medicinal chemistry analyses of drug–target interactions. Our orbital overlap distance D(r) quantifies the size of the “test orbital” that best overlaps with a system’s computed orbitals at point r. The overlap distance provides information about all of the occupied orbitals across a molecule, extending frontier orbital (Fukui) analysis and complementing widely used maps of the surface electrostatic potential. We present the first tests of the overlap distance for problems in medicinal chemistry. The overlap distance quantifies the different coordination chemistries of pairs of metal cations possessing similar charges and ionic radii. Combining the overlap distance and electrostatic potential provides a rich picture of the binding sites for chemically “hard” versus “soft” cations in formylglycine-generating enzyme and extends frontier orbital analysis in quantifying the chemistry of promiscuous binders. We co...
Relation of Hepatic Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Exercise Tolerance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between liver histology, exercise tolerance, and diastolic function in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Myocardial remodeling and diastolic dysfunction have been associated with NAFLD. However, its physiological impact and relationship to the histological severity of NAFLD is not known. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and stress echocardiography was performed in subjects with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD. Maximal aerobic exercise capacity (peak oxygen consumption [VO2]) was related to diastolic function (mitral annulus Doppler velocity e’ and ratio of early diastolic filling pressure [E] to e’ [E/e’]) at rest and peak exercise. Autonomic dysfunction was determined from heart rate recovery after exercise. Independent predictors of cardiac function and exercise capacity were identified by multivariable regression. Thirty-six subjects (nonalcoholic fatty liver [NAFL = 15], nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH = 21]) were enrolled. NASH was associated with impaired exercise capacity compared with NAFL (median peak VO2 17.0 [15.4, 18.9] vs 19.9 [17.4, 26.0], p = 001); pVO2 declined with increasing fibrosis (F0 = 22.5, F1 = 19.9, F2 = 19.0, F3 = 16.6 ml·kg−1·min−1; p = 0.01). Similarly, E/e’ during exercise increased progressively with increasing fibrosis (F0 = 5.6, F1 = 6.5, F2 = 8.7, F3 = 9.8; P = 0.02). Finally, heart rate recovery, a marker of autonomic function, was blunted in those with higher fibrosis stages (F0 = 25 [20, 30], F1 = 23 [17.5, 27.0], F2 = 17 [11.8, 21.5], F3 = 11 [8.5, 18.0] beats per minute; p
Diffractive dijet production in impact parameter dependent saturation models

We study coherent diffractive dijet production in electron-hadron and electron-nucleus collisions within the dipole picture. We provide semianalytic results for the differential cross section and elliptic anisotropy in the angle between dijet transverse momentum and hadron recoil momentum. We demonstrate the direct relation between angular moments of the dipole amplitude in coordinate space and angular moments of the diffractive dijet cross sections. To perform explicit calculations, we employ two different saturation models, extended to include the target geometry. In the limit of large photon virtuality or quark masses, we find fully analytic results that allow direct insight into how the differential cross section and elliptic anisotropy depend on the saturation scale, target geometry, and kinematic variables. We further provide numerical results for more general kinematics in collisions at a future electron-ion collider, and study the effects of approaching the saturated regime on diffractive dijet observables.
Latent-space embedding of expression data identifies gene signatures from sputum samples of asthmatic patients

Abstract The pathogenesis of asthma is a complex process involving multiple genes and pathways. Identifying biomarkers from asthma datasets, especially those that include heterogeneous subpopulations, is challenging. In this work, we developed a framework that incorporates a denoising autoencoder and a supervised learning approach to identify gene signatures related to asthma severity. The autoencoder embeds high-dimensional gene expression data into a lower-dimensional latent space in an unsupervised fashion, enabling us to extract distinguishing features from gene expression data. We found that the weights on hidden units in this latent space correlate well with previously defined and clinically relevant clusters of patients. Moreover, pathway analysis based on each gene’s contribution to the hidden units showed significant enrichment in known asthma-related pathways. We then used genes that contribute most to the hidden units to develop a secondary supervised classifier (based on random forest) for directly predicting asthma severity. The random-forest importance metric from this classifier identified a signature based on 50 key genes, which can predict severity with an AUROC of 0.81 and thus have potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Furthermore, the key genes could also be used for successfully estimating, via support-vector-machine regression, the FEV1/FVC ratios across patients, achieving pre- and post-treatment correlations of 0.56 and 0.65, respectively (between predicted and observed values). The 50 biomarker candidate genes can be found in supplementary. The source codes are freely available upon request.
Linkage of aerosol optical depth with rainfall and circulation parameters over the Eastern Gangetic Plains of India

The aerosol optical depth (AOD) is an important physical parameter and dimensionless number. The possible link between AOD and variability of summer monsoon rainfall and surface temperature over the densely populated Gangetic Plain may be used to assess change in weather and climate over the Plain. For examining the impact of AOD on summer monsoon rainfall and surface temperature, monthly data of AOD for the period of 2000–2015 are obtained from a remotely sensed moderate resolution imaging spectro-radiometer sensor at 550 nm and at a surface resolution of $$1{^{\circ }}\times 1{^{\circ }}$$ . For the period of 2000–2015, rainfall and surface temperature data at a resolution of $$1{^{\circ }}\times 1{^{\circ }}$$ are obtained from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and surface wind data are obtained from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Summer monsoon rainfall and AOD are inversely related during 2000–2015. On an average, a difference in the mean monthly surface maximum and minimum temperatures increases (decreases) with a decrease (increase) of AOD. The high degree of correlation exists between AOD and a difference in $$T_{\mathrm{max}}$$ and $$T_{\mathrm{min}}$$ during January to June–July. In winter months, relative strength of negative vorticity over the Gangetic Plain and positive vorticity in the adjacent area may be cause of more dispersion of AOD in February in comparison with that in December and January and therefore more AOD is noticed in January and December.
Gait Speed Decline Is Associated with Hemoglobin A1C, Neurocognitive Impairment, and Black Race in Persons with HIV.

Abstract Gait speed declines at a faster rate in persons with HIV (PWH) than in the general population but the risk factors associated with this decline are not well understood. In the AIDS Clinica...
Cardiomyocytes as High-Power Building Blocks for Bio-Hybrid Machines

In an effort to better understand the human heart, our team initiated an effort to identify the fundamental rules of muscular pumps. We reasoned that by reverse engineering marine lifeforms, we would be better able to understand the structurefunction relationships in the heart. We reverse engineered life forms such as the jellyfish and sting ray by elucidating how they are built and how they swim. These studies led us to the conclusion that we could use cardiac myocytes as a building block to replicate these marine structure-function relationships in synthetic systems. Furthermore, we decided to use robotics, specifically biohybrid robotics, as an experimental tool to study the fundamental design of muscular pumps. I will present results from these studies.
What is personality? Two myths and a definition

Abstract This article addresses the longstanding problem that the field of personality psychology remains in need of a consensus formulation of its core subject matter, that of the nature of “personality” itself. Part 1 of the article presents some reminders about the traditional pre-empirical status of concepts in science. Part 2 introduces and calls into question two widely accepted but nonetheless questionable propositions about the nature of personality: (a) that the term refers to an underlying causal entity within a person, and (b) that the study of personality is the study of the whole person. Part 3 presents a definition of “personality”, discussion elaborating and clarifying this definition, and an explication of the ways in which it differs from previous definitions. Part 4 discusses some benefits that accrue both to having a consensus definition in general, and to acceptance of the present definition in particular.
Truncated IV acetylcysteine treatment duration has potential to safely preserve resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dear editor,Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the commonest causes for hospital presentation due to medication toxicity [1,2]. Treatment of acute APAP overdose with the antidote acetylcyst...
The Sense of Quoting

This essay argues that the neutral continuous script of ancient manuscripts of the Greek New Testament composed with no punctuation and no spacing provided readers discretionary authority to determine and assess the status of phrases as they articulated a cohesive and coherent reading of the script. The variety of reading renditions, each differently scored with punctuation, supported the production of quotations. These cultivated and harvested quotes, while useful for authorizing sectarian discourse, rarely convey the sense of the phrase in the continuous script. Augustine’s work on punctuating the scriptures in service to the production of plainer quotable passages in support of the rule of faith is addressed. The textual analysis of a plainer quotable passage at 1 Cor. 7:1b concerning male celibacy supports the thesis that plainer passages are the product of interpretative scoring of the script in service to discursive endeavours. To quote is often to misquote.
Bankruptcy's Adjunct Regulator

Since its inception, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has regulated a broad swath of conduct relating to consumer credit. This regulatory activity has, in several distinct ways, carried over into consumer bankruptcy. The Bureau has regulated bankruptcy issues directly, for instance by adopting rules that apply to how mortgage creditors communicate with borrowers in bankruptcy. But more often, the Bureau’s impact in consumer bankruptcy is a side effect of its oversight of debt collection and credit reporting markets. Although these activities establish the Bureau as an adjunct regulator in the consumer bankruptcy system, the scholarly literature largely has failed to explore the scope of the Bureau's bankruptcy authority and the advantages and disadvantages of its bankruptcy-related activities. This Article fills that gap by providing the first comprehensive analysis of the Bureau's regulatory potential in consumer bankruptcy. It begins by cataloguing the history of Bureau's regulatory activities that directly or indirectly affect consumer bankruptcy. It then clarifies the Bureau's authority to carry out its consumer-financial-protection mission in the context of consumer bankruptcy. It argues that the bankruptcy system would benefit if the Bureau pursued an intentional, bankruptcy-focused regulatory strategy, and begins the work of sketching what such a strategy might entail. Finally, this paper explores how bankruptcy’s existing regulators could use the fruits of the Bureau's exercise of its core responsibilities, and in particular the vast body of information publicly available on the Bureau's website, to enhance their own effectiveness.
Damage Control Laparotomy

Damage control laparotomy is a procedure designed to provide rapid control of bleeding and/or intra-abdominal contamination while minimizing operative time and trauma. It was initially developed for use in severely injured unstable trauma patients, but the use has expanded to other critically ill patients. This chapter describes the use in trauma and in non-trauma situations.
Lessons from the Study of Exceptional Responders

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Wheeler et al. report that mechanisms of exceptional response to cancer treatment can be grouped into four broad categories: dysregulated intracellular signaling pathways, altered DNA damage response, tumor microenvironment or immune engagement, and alterations associated with a favorable prognosis.
On Regulation and Excess Reserves: The Case of Basel III

Recent studies suggest liquidity regulation contributed to the rise in excess reserves, but capital regulations may matter, too. We use a simple model to show that banks may tilt portfolios away from higher risk-weighted assets like loans and toward lower risk-weighted assets like reserves and Treasuries in response to higher risk-based capital requirements, but not in response to higher non-risk-based capital requirements. Empirical results suggest that advanced approaches banks, which were the focus of Basel III capital regulations that preceded Basel III liquidity regulations, held more excess reserves than smaller large banks after the regulatory changes, before later substituting Treasuries for these reserves.
The Housewife Non-payer

You may add the Vatican to that long list of distinguished and not-so-distinguished institutions, organizations and individuals that have advocated pay for housewives. A 12-article charter, which passed muster with the Pope, claims that families have a right “to social and economic order” and that therefore, wives should be paid a wage for working at home.
Impact of COVID-19 on materials science research innovation and related pandemic response.

The scope of impact that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has had and continues to have on life, society, and the world as we know it will be debated for years to come. One thing is for certain, scientists, engineers, clinicians, and researchers around the globe rallied to heed the call for innovation, particularly in the field of materials science. In this special issue of MRS Bulletin, we feature six articles, two of which showcase primary consumable materials research and development, along with four review articles highlighting materials innovation over the last 18 months in diagnostics, prevention, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Dignificando Argentina. Peronismo, Ciudadanía y consumo masivo.

Los primeros dos gobiernos de Juan Domingo Peron (1946-1955) han sido objeto de una gran cantidad de estudios historicos. No obstante, aquel periodo de la historia Argentina no esta resuelto. El trabajo de Eduardo Elena es prueba de ello. Su aproximacion al fenomeno del peronismo es propio de una “nueva ola” de interpretaciones que se alejan de las clasicas visiones politicas y sociales que dominaban ese campo historiografico.
The Tragic Inefficiency of M-ECPR

We show that application of the so-called "Market Determined Efficient Component Pricing Rule," the "Efficient Component Pricing Rule," and, in general, of pricing rules that are based on private opportunity costs would perpetuate pricing inefficiencies and result in lower social surplus than pricing which is based on social opportunity cost rather than private opportunity costs.
Adaptive Control of Emulsion Polymerization in a Seeded Stirred Tank Reactor

An improved reactor design for the emulsion polymerization process which incorporates the known concepts of a plug flow pre - reactor and split feed operation has been described. The reactor configuration eliminates oscillations in the latex properties and offers potential savings in capital and operating costs. The Vogel-Edgar multivariable controller has been applied to the reactor system, the major motivation being the strong nonlinearities exhibited by the emulsion process. The controller is successful in controlling the monomer conversion and average particle size in the presence of unmeasured disturbances. Satisfactory closed - loop performance is also obtained for the servo problem.
The enigma of tuberculous peritonitis.

Summary Twenty-three patients with puzzling systemic and abdominal complaints were diagnosed as having tuberculous peritonitis: 20 by means of peritoneoscopy and 3 by laparotomy. Of the 23 patients, only 7 were correctly diagnosed clinically before the definitive procedures. Our observations suggest that in a 20- to 50-year old Negro patient with abdominal swelling or pain, or both, with associated symptoms of systemic infection such as fever, wasting, and night sweats, and signs of ascites or gaseous distention and abdominal tenderness, tuberculous peritonitis must be considered in the differential diagnosis. The clinical impression can be supported by finding tuberculosis elsewhere in the body and by the characteristic ascitic fluid containing over 3.5 gm. of protein per 100 ml. The definitive diagnosis, however, can be made by visualization of the peritoneal cavity, by peritoneoscopy or laparotomy, and by obtaining material for histologic and bacteriologic examinations. Prompt antituberculous therapy may be lifesaving.
Effect of carbon source and the role of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on the Caulobacter cell cycle.

Abstract The expression of cell cycle events in Caulobacter crescentus CB13 has been shown to be associated with regulation of carbohydrate utilization. Growth on lactose and galactose depends on induction of specific enzymes. Prior growth on glucose results in a delay in enzyme expression and cell cycle arrest at the nonmotile, predivisional stage. Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (AMP) was shown to stimulate expression of the inducible enzymes and, thus, the initiation of the cell cycle. β-Galactosidase-constitutive mutants did not exhibit a cell cycle arrest upon transfer of cultures from glucose to lactose. Furthermore, carbon source starvation results in accumulation of the cells at the predivisional stage. The cell cycle arrest therefore results from nutritional deprivation and is analogous to the general control system exhibited by yeast (Hartwell, Bacteriol. Rev. 38:164-198, 1974; Wolfner et al., J. Mol. Biol. 96:273-290, 1975), which coordinates cell cycle initiation with metabolic state. Transfer of C. crescentus CB13 from glucose to mannose did not result in a cell cycle arrest, and it was demonstrated that this carbon source is metabolized by constitutive enzymes. Growth on mannose, however, is stimulated by exogenous dibutyryl cyclic AMP without a concomitant increase in the specific activity of the mannose catabolic enzymes. The effect of cyclic AMP on growth on sugars metabolized by inducible enzymes, as well as on sugars metabolized by constitutive enzymes, may represent a regulatory system common to both types of sugar utilization, since they share features that differ from glucose utilization, namely, temperature-sensitive growth and low intracellular concentrations of cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate.
Relationship between intake and rate of oxidation of leucine and α-ketoisocaproate in vivo in the rat

Rates of oxidation of leucine by rats fed, ad libitum, diets containing graded amounts (0-2.4%) of leucine together with L-[1-14C]leucine were measured for 12 hours. The amount of leucine oxidized was low until dietary leucine content exceeded that needed for maximum rate of weight gain. Thereafter, the rate of leucine oxidation increased essentially linearly with increasing dietary leucine content. Rates of oxidation of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) by rats fed, ad libitum, diets devoid of leucine to which graded amounts (0-2.05%) of KIC were added together with [1-14C]KIC were also measured for 12 hours. The amount of KIC oxidized increased as dietary KIC content oxidation studies plasma valine and alpha-ketoisovaleric acid (KIV) and plasma isoleucine and alpha-keto-beta-methylvaleric acid (KMV) concentrations were depressed when dietary levels of leucine were high. Plasma leucine and KIC concentrations were low when dietary levels of leucine were low and increased with increasing dietary leucine content. Leucine and KIC concentrations in plasma of rats fed a diet devoid of leucine did not increase in proportion to increasing dietary KIC content.
Influence of Both Endophyte Infestation in Fescue Pastures and Calf Genotype on Subsequent Feedlot Performance of Steers

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the influence of both the concentration of endophytic fungus infestation in tall fescue pastures and calf genotype on the subsequent health and performance of steers in the feedlot. In Exp. 1 and 2, Angus steers grazed fescue pastures in Georgia containing low, moderate, or high endophyte infestations for 182 d (Exp. 1) or 78 d (Exp. 2) with 12 steers per treatment. Steers were transported 1,600 km to Texas in October (Exp. 1) and July (Exp. 2), were fed a 93% concentrate diet during the finishing period, and were harvested at an estimated backfat thickness of 12 mm. In both trials, DMI over the entire feeding period and carcass characteristics were not affected (P>0.05) by endophyte infestation. In both trials, pasture ADG decreased, and feedlot ADG and gain to feed ratio increased as the previous pasture endophyte infestation increased (P
INTERNEURONS AND INHIBITION IN THE DENTATE GYRUS OF THE RAT IN VIVO

Inhibitory cells are critically involved in shaping normal hippocampal function and are thought to be important elements in the development of hippocampal pathologies. However, there is relatively little information about the extent and pattern of axonal arborization of hippocampal interneurons and, therefore, about the sphere of influence of these cells. What we do know about these cells is based largely on in vitro slice studies, in which interneuronal interactions may be severely attenuated. The present study was carried out to provide a more realistic picture of interneuron influence. Intracellular recordings were obtained from dentate interneurons in the intact brain of anesthetized rats, and cells were intracellularly labeled with biocytin. The axonal arbors of two classes of dentate interneurons were traced through the hippocampus; each was found to extend long distances (up to half of the total septotemporal length of the hippocampus) perpendicular to the hippocampal lamellae and to target preferential strata. These results suggest that dentate interneurons have far-reaching effects on target cells in distant hippocampal lamellae. One implication of this finding is that dentate neurons should receive more inhibitory synaptic drive in vivo than in slice preparations, in which many inhibitory axon collaterals are amputated. Synaptic responses to perforant path stimulation were examined in granule cells, mossy cells, and CA3 pyramidal cells in vivo, for comparison with previously published results from hippocampal slice studies. In vivo, all cell types showed excitatory synaptic responses that were brief and limited by robust IPSPs that were larger in amplitude and conductance than responses to comparable stimuli recorded in vitro. This difference could not be explained by a change in the intrinsic physiological properties of the cells in the slice preparation, because those parameters were similar in vivo and in vitro. We conclude that dentate gyrus inhibitory interneurons can affect the excitability of neurons in distant areas of the hippocampus, and that these distant influences cannot be appreciated in conventional in vitro preparations.