cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family health history of gynecologic oncology patients: can we do better?

Objectives: Despite a growing understanding of familial cancer, multiple studies demonstrate that the quality of family health history (FHH) as currently collected in a clinic setting is inadequate to assess disease risk. Proposed challenges in FHH collection include lack of patient preparation, lack of FHH standardization, and time requirement (especially during the COVID-19 pandemic with intentional minimization of office time). Prior to implementation of a web-based application for FHH collection, we aimed to review the quality of collected FHH in a gynecologic oncology clinic and to determine if any patient factors affect FHH collection. Methods: This was a single institution retrospective study of FHH collection for new patient appointments at a gynecologic oncology outpatient practice between 4/2019-7/2019. FHH was collected verbally during the patient face-to-face interview. FHH was evaluated for the following, previously published, quality measures on a point system: 1) Three generations, 2) Relative gender, 3) Relative lineage (maternal vs paternal), 4) Pertinent negatives (absence of hereditary cancers), 5) Age of relatives’ cancer diagnosis, and for deceased relatives, 6) Age of death and 7) Cause of death. Results: Among the 200 evaluable patients, 185 (92.5%) had FHH documented in the medical record. The median age was 52 years (range 23-93). Eighty-nine (44.5%) included three generations, 154 (77%) relatives’ gender, 109 (54.5%) relatives’ lineage, and 77 (38.5%) pertinent negatives (Figure 1). Among 147 patients reporting a history of cancer in their family, 23 (15.6%) included age of relatives’ cancer diagnosis. Among 75 patients listing deceased relatives, 13 (17.3%) included age of death and 48 (64%) cause of death. Age and personal cancer diagnosis were not associated with quality of FHH. Patients with family history of cancer scored higher in quality of FHH than those without family history (median=3.0 [IQR 3.0; 4.0] vs. 1.0 [0.0; 2.0], P Download : Download high-res image (82KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: Our data are consistent with the literature suggesting that standard collection of family history may not adequately capture all measures of a high quality oncologic FHH. Patients without prior genetic testing and no family history of cancer had the lowest scores for FHH quality and might benefit from a web-based FHH collection tool, allowing them to contact relatives for more information prior to an office visit and permitting better patient preparation and efficiency. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, tools that minimize inoffice time are increasingly important. A prospective evaluation of a web-based FHH collection tool to address these issues is ongoing.
Laboratory Experimental Studies in Re-entry Aerothermodynamics

The integrated aerodynamic and thermodynamic problems of atmospheric re-entry are discussed in terms of their relationship to current and future re-entry vehicles. The overall problem area is divided into separate areas that are amenable to experimental studies on a laboratory scale. The capabilities in these problem areas of existing test facilities—wind tunnels, shock tunnels, continuous arc heaters, etc. are discussed.
Fibroblast growth factor and glutamate: opposing roles in the generation and degeneration of hippocampal neuroarchitecture

Neuritic regression and cell death (neurodegeneration) are common features of both normal nervous system development and neurodegenerative disorders. Growth factors and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters have been suggested independently to play roles in neurodegenerative processes. The present study investigated the combined effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and glutamate on the development and degeneration of cultured hippocampal neurons. Consistent with previous data, we found that FGF, but not NGF, promoted neuronal survival and dendritic outgrowth. In contrast, a low level of glutamate (50 microM) caused a reduction in dendritic outgrowth, and high levels (100 microM-1 mM) reduced neuronal survival in a dose-dependent manner. When cultures were maintained in the presence of FGF, there was a striking reduction in neuronal death normally caused by 100-500 microM glutamate. FGF raised the threshold for glutamate neurotoxicity. FGF also antagonized the outgrowth-inhibiting actions of glutamate. Measurements of intracellular calcium levels with fura-2 demonstrated a direct relationship between glutamate-induced rises in intracellular calcium and neurodegeneration. FGF reduced the glutamate-induced increases in intracellular calcium levels. However, when cultures were pretreated with the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D or with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, FGF did not prevent glutamate-induced increases in intracellular calcium or neurodegeneration. Taken together, these results suggest that (1) interactions between growth factors and neurotransmitters may be important in brain development; (2) imbalances in these systems may lead to neurodegeneration; and (3) cellular calcium-regulating systems may be a common focus of growth factor and neurotransmitter actions.
SEA GRANT 3RD ANNUAL SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM LOBSTERS AS MODEL ORGANISMS FOR INTERFACING BEHAVIOR, ECOLOGY, AND FISHERIES: DISCUSSION SESSION SUMMARY ON COOPERATIVE RESEARCH

When J. Stanley Cobb needed a way for his student, Annette Juinio, to collect lobster larvae far offshore from the Rhode Island coast, he turned to a lobsterman. At the time, it was difficult to find fishermen willing to help scientists. However, a few lobstermen did volunteer, and in so doing they began a new era of cooperation between the research and fishing communities. In the early years, the lobstering community was cooperating with scientists, but it was not yet called "cooperative research." Since then cooperative research expanded and evolved throughout New England and the rest of the world as more fishers, scientists, and managers have seen the advantages of working together. This sea change in attitudes spawned numerous collaborations and with them myriad opportunities and challenges. To take stock of these changes and to consider what is possible for future collaborations, this special discussion session was held in the symposium. Bonnie Spinazzola Executive Director of the Atlantic Offshore Lobstermen's Asssociation, led off and facilitated the discussion. The problems and the promise of cooperative research were evident when Spinazzola interviewed scientists, managers, and fishermen before the symposium. Although details differed, the three groups had curiously similar causes for optimism and for concern. Specifically, scientists wanted to learn something new but wondered if they could trust the data coming from fishermen (and if those data will ever be publishable). The managers wondered what data gaps they could fill with the aid of fishermen, but they too wondered if they could trust the results from fishermen. The fishermen were interested to
Agency in Action: How Teachers Interpret and Implement Arizona's 4-Hour Structured English Immersion Program.

Sharing the findings from two qualitative case studies, analyzed together, this article examines various ways educators, both elementary teachers and teacher educators, exercise agency in their interpretation and implementation of Arizona’s model of Structured English Immersion (SEI), a 4-hour English Language Development (ELD) block, which mandates separate classrooms for English Learners (ELs). The educators describe a host of negative outcomes of this SEI model, suggesting that Arizona’s policy may be considered to act as a hegemonic force in the lives of these teachers and their students. Yet, the teachers also find ways to mitigate this force in order to continue teaching in ways they believe are best for their students. Implications include the need for educational leaders and policy makers alike to more carefully consider the active role that teachers play as implementers, and negotiators, of language education policy, particularly within restrictive policy contexts such as Arizona.
Plant growth substances and plant parasitic nematodes. II. Host influence on auxin content.

The auxin content of roots of: Brussels sprouts and sugar beet, heavily infested with Meloidogyne hapla, M. javanica, M. incognita, and Heterodera schachtii; Brussels sprouts infested with H. cruciferae, and white clover infested with H. trifolii was estimated by extraction, chromatography, and avena internode elongation. The kind of auxin attributed to the presence of a particular nematode appeared to be superimposed upon that normally present in a host. Some host plants were able to limit the level of certain auxins.
Cassini UVIS observations of the Io plasma torus. IV. Modeling temporal and azimuthal variability

In this fourth paper in a series, we present a model of the remarkable temporal and azimuthal variability of the Io plasma torus observed during the Cassini encounter with Jupiter. Over a period of three months, the Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) observed a dramatic variation in the average torus composition. Superimposed on this long-term variation, is a 10.07-h periodicity caused by an azimuthal variation in plasma composition subcorotating relative to System III longitude. Quite surprisingly, the amplitude of the azimuthal variation appears to be modulated at the beat frequency between the System III period and the observed 10.07-h period. Previously, we have successfully modeled the months-long compositional change by supposing a factor of three increase in the amount of material supplied to Io's extended neutral clouds. Here, we extend our torus chemistry model to include an azimuthal dimension. We postulate the existence of two azimuthal variations in the number of superthermal electrons in the torus: a primary variation that subcorotates with a period of 10.07 h and a secondary variation that remains fixed in System III longitude. Using these two hot electron variations, our model can reproduce the observed temporal and azimuthal variations observed by Cassini UVIS.
Chapter 5 Devonian stromatoporoid originations, extinctions, and paleobiogeography: how they relate to the Frasnian-Famennian extinction

Abstract Origination and extinction of stromatoporoid genera show that the rate of origination exceeded that of extinction from the early Early Devonian (Lochkovian) through the early Middle Devonian (Eifelian). For the remainder of the Devonian (Givetian-Famennian), extinction outpaced origination. During the Early and Middle Devonian, tropical to subtropical marine habitats were divided into the Eastern Americas Realm and the Old World Realm—in North America these were separated by the Transcontinental Arch and the Canadian Shield. Eustatic sea level, which had been rising since the Emsian, reached a point late in the Givetian (Taghanic Onlap) where the land barrier was breached, and Old World taxa invaded the Eastern Americas. Sea level continued to rise episodically through most of the Frasnian, followed by an abrupt fall in conjunction with the Frasnian-Famennian extinction. It is concluded that the decrease in stromatoporoid genus diversity, which occurred as Old World and Eastern Americas faunas came into competition, continued with further sea-level rise during the Frasnian. This lowered diversity put the stromatoporoids in a vulnerable position for extinction when climatic disturbances occurred at the end of the Frasnian.
Evaluating PROMIS® instruments and methods for patient-centered outcomes research: Patient and provider voices in a substance use treatment setting.

Our work as a primary research site of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®), combined with support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, allowed us to evaluate the real-world applicability and acceptability of PROMIS measures in an addiction medicine setting. As part of a 3-month prospective observational study, 225 outpatients at a substance abuse treatment clinic completed PROMIS item banks for alcohol use (as well as 15 additional item banks from 8 other PROMIS domains, including emotional distress, sleep, and pain), with assessments at intake, 1-month follow-up, and 3-month follow-up. A subsample of therapists and their patients completed health domain importance ratings and qualitative interviews to elicit feedback regarding the content and format of the patients’ assessment results. The importance ratings revealed that depression, anxiety, and lack of emotional support were rated highest of the non-alcohol-related domains among both patients and clinicians. General alcohol use was considered most important by both patients and clinicians. Based on their suggestions, changes were made to item response feedback to facilitate comprehension and communication. Both therapists and patients agreed that their review of the graphical display of scores, as well as individual item responses, helped them to identify areas of greatest concern and was useful for treatment planning. The results of our pilot work demonstrated the value and practicality of incorporating a comprehensive health assessment within a substance abuse treatment setting.
Propagating native Salicaceae for afforestation and restoration in New York City's five boroughs

Identifying superior Salicaceae genotypes for afforestation and restoration activities in urban areas can greatly increase the provision of ecosystem services for long-term ecological sustainability. To address this opportunity, we collected native Populus L. (Salicaceae) and Salix L. (Salicaceae) scions from 3 sites on Staten Island, New York, and conducted a propagation study followed by greenhouse and nursery scale-up activities. Our objectives were to: 1) identify hormone treatments that enhanced root initiation and early growth of the native genotypes; 2) incorporate Salicaceae propagation methodology into phyto-recurrent selection; and 3) establish a population of genotypes that can be used for afforestation and restoration efforts throughout New York City. For Objective 1, we tested the response of 112 native genotypes and 11 common clones to 3 root hormone treatments (36-h water soak plus 12-h soak in 1% IBA + 0.5% NAA; 48-h water soak plus powder dip in 0.3% IBA; 48-h water soak plus 5-s dip soak in 20% IBA) and a water soak control. After 75 d of growth, the control treatment was more effective than the 0.3% IBA powder dip and as effective as the other treatments. Given broad clonal variation, there is a high probability of selecting genotypes for both afforestation and restoration. Although Salix exhibited greater relative propagation success than Populus, both genera should be used to increase overall genetic diversity. From a practical standpoint, scale-up activities led to establishment of a nursery population that will be used for ongoing afforestation and restoration activities in New York City.
Prevention of axillary nerve injury in anterior shoulder reconstructions: use of a subscapularis muscle-splitting technique and a review of the literature.

Background: Previous authors have suggested that the axillary nerve should be explored or palpated during all anterior shoulder stabilization procedures.Objective: The goal of this study was to document the axillary nerve injury rate in a cohort of patients who had undergone anterior shoulder stabilization without axillary nerve dissection.Hypothesis: Use of a subscapularis muscle-splitting approach by using a retractor along the scapular neck does not result in significant risk of injury to the axillary nerve, and exploration of the axillary nerve is not necessary using this approach.Study Design: Prospective cohort study.Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight anterior stabilizations were performed with a subscapularis muscle-splitting approach that has been previously described. In all cases a retractor was placed along the inferior scapular neck to protect the axillary nerve. The axillary nerve was not exposed or palpated in any case. All patients were evaluated on the 1st postoperative day and again wi...
Partitioning of Cell Surface Class II Expression and Antigen Presenting Capacity of Macrophages in An MHC-GENE Dosage Model

Abstract Antigen presentation requires intracellular processing of foreign antigens to generate immunogenic peptides displayed at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. We compared Sephadex‐elicited chicken peritoneal macrophages containing either two (disomic), three (trisomic), or four (tetrasomic) copies of the microchromosome encoding the MHC for both quantitative cell surface expression of MHC class II antigens and antigen presentation ability. Using indirect immunofluorescence flow cytometry, an increased percentage of class II‐positive cells and elevated mean class II‐related fluorescence intensity was found among tetrasomic macrophages as compared to disomic controls harvested 4 hours after intraperitoneal (i.p.) Sephadex injection. At 42 hr post Sephadex, peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) from disomic and aneuploid (trisomic and tetrasomic) chickens were similar in the incidence of class II‐positive cells; however,...
Abstract 5533: Anti-proliferative and anti-tumor effects of a novel vitamin D derivative, either alone or in a liposomal formulation in malignancies of kidney, pancreas and prostate

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has well-known potential in cancer-therapy; but such a potential is marred by its severe toxicity in pharmacological doses. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-3-bromoacetate (1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE) is a novel derivative of 1,25(OH)2D3 which enables covalent attachment of 1,25(OH)2D3 inside the ligand-binding pocket of nuclear vitamin D receptor, thus increasing the half-life of 1,25(OH)2D3 and potentially reducing its therapeutic dose with less toxicity. We have observed that 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE strongly hinders the growth of cells representing malignancies of prostate (androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive), pancreas and kidney. However, growth of normal kidney and prostate cells is not affected by this compound. Inhibition of cell-growth by 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE involves hindrance to cell-cycling, and enhancement of apoptosis and autophagy; and includes several mechanisms involving VDR-mediated nuclear pathway and inhibition of Akt-phophorylation. We have also observed that 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE strongly inhibits the growth of prostate and renal tumors in mouse xenograft models. In anticipation of its therapeutic potential we prepared a liposomal formulation of 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE to enhance its efficacy further by potentially preventing its premature degradation and tumor-targeting. We report that liposomal 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE is a significantly stronger growth-inhibiting compound than naked 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE in prostate, kidney and pancreatic cancer cells. This property is also manifested in a mouse xenograft model of androgen-insensitive prostate tumor. In summary, 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE and its liposomal formulation demonstrate a strong translational therapeutic potential in cancers of kidney, pancreas and prostate. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5533.
X-ray elastic scattering at large momenta

Abstract Measurements of the energy of the ‘unmodified’ MoKα1 line scattered from paraffin and polyethylene at high sin θ/λ (∼ 1·4/A) were made with a LiF analyser (10,2,0). The Debye–Waller factor for these materials is < 0·001 so that Bragg and one-phonon thermal diffuse scattering are essentially absent. No energy shift was detected to within less than 0·3 eV, thus ruling out any significant Raman scattering. Under these scattering conditions the atoms appear to act independently so that the momentum and energy change of the X-ray is transferred in the impulse approximation to a single carbon atom through its tightly bound 1s electrons.
Location and partial characterization of the heparin-binding fragment of platelet thrombospondin

Purified platelet thrombospondin (TS) was subjected to proteolysis with a number of proteases including factors IXa, Xa, thrombin, elastase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. All enzymes yielded fragments of TS which bound to heparin-Sepharose. Only chymotrypsin cleavage produced a single species of heparin-binding fragment, as analyzed by SDS-PAGE. This fragment had a chain molecular weight of 28,000, and contained no interchain disulfide bonds. Amino acid sequence analysis of the heparin-binding fragment and of TS revealed a single sequence, indicating that the fragment constitutes the amino-terminal domain of TS and that the three chains in TS are identical in this region.
Hyperoxia causes angiopoietin 2–mediated acute lung injury and necrotic cell death

The angiogenic growth factor angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) destabilizes blood vessels, enhances vascular leak and induces vascular regression and endothelial cell apoptosis. We considered that Ang2 might be important in hyperoxic acute lung injury (ALI). Here we have characterized the responses in lungs induced by hyperoxia in wild-type and Ang2-/- mice or those given either recombinant Ang2 or short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted to Ang2. During hyperoxia Ang2 expression is induced in lung epithelial cells, while hyperoxia-induced oxidant injury, cell death, inflammation, permeability alterations and mortality are ameliorated in Ang2-/- and siRNA-treated mice. Hyperoxia induces and activates the extrinsic and mitochondrial cell death pathways and activates initiator and effector caspases through Ang2-dependent pathways in vivo. Ang2 increases inflammation and cell death during hyperoxia in vivo and stimulates epithelial necrosis in hyperoxia in vitro. Ang2 in plasma and alveolar edema fluid is increased in adults with ALI and pulmonary edema. Tracheal Ang2 is also increased in neonates that develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Ang2 is thus a mediator of epithelial necrosis with an important role in hyperoxic ALI and pulmonary edema.
Josephson tunnel junction time‐dependence calculations based on the Bardeen‐Cooper‐Schrieffer theory

The feasibility and the importance of using the full BCS theory for numerical calculations of the time‐dependent behavior of a Josephson tunnel junction is examined by investigating switching from the zero to the finite voltage state. The calculation can be done, but only if the RC time constant is not too long. The results differ appreciably from those obtained with the crude but frequently used ’’resistively shunted junction’’ model. Artifical rounding of the energy‐gap edge, in the form of ’’memory reduction,’’ is introduced and shown to reduce computational difficulties appreciably without significantly altering any results. This should make many more situations amenable to accurate digital simulation.
Luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone in olfactory bulbs of primates

This immunohistochemical study of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in the olfactory bulbs in primates was undertaken in order to see whether there was an LHRH innervation in these species similar to that found in rodents. One old world (Macaca fascicularis) and two new world (Saimiri sciureus and Aotus trivirgatus) monkeys were studied. Aotus trivirgatus was of particular interest as it is noctural and so presumably more dependent upon olfactory cues. Animals were perfused with fixative, olfactory bulbs removed and sectioned, and tissues reacted immunocytochemically using LR1 (Benoit) antiserum to LHRH. Some LHRH innervation was found in the olfactory bulbs of all three species, comprising a few LHRH neurons and many fibers that ramified within the bulbs. The accessory bulb (not present as a distinct entity in old world primates) had more LHRH innervation than did the main olfactory bulb. Aotus trivirgatus had the greatest representation of LHRH of the three species. The layer of the olfactory bulb with the greatest number of LHRH fibers was the external plexiform layer. This is also true in rodents. There is evidence that LHRH has a role in the mediation of olfactory cues in reproductive behavior in rodents. It is not known how LHRH functions within the olfactory system in primates. However, the fact that it is distributed similarly in the two groups suggests that it may serve a similar function.
Temporal trends of postinjury multiple-organ failure: Still resource intensive, morbid, and lethal

BACKGROUND While the incidence of postinjury multiple-organ failure (MOF) has declined during the past decade, temporal trends of its morbidity, mortality, presentation patterns, and health care resources use have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to describe the evolving epidemiology of postinjury MOF from 2003 to 2010 in multiple trauma centers sharing standard treatment protocols.
Professional Development Policy in a Small Rural Education System.

The paper describes the professional development policy of a small but geographically widespread education system in New South Wales. The policy has particular features. Notably it allows control of the content of staff development at three levels — the system, the school and the individual. The policy identifies a rationale and an aim, a set of assumptions, principles of procedure and characteristics of a healthy professional learning environment. These are used as guides for officers of the system in their choice of implementation models and in the processes they use. The process of implementation of the policy is described, including administrative structures and some models of inservice. Some similarities are commented on between the policy and Stenhouse's process model of curriculum development. Suggestions are made regarding the implementation of the Scott report in New South Wales. The conceptual framework of policy analysts, Hogwood and Gunn (1984), was particularly useful in the analysis.
Radiotherapy and concomitant temozolomide may improve survival of elderly patients with glioblastoma.

Survival of elderly patients with glioblastoma (GBM) is poor, but improves with tumor resection and radiotherapy (RT). Concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy during RT improves the survival of younger patients with GBM, but the benefit in elderly patients is unclear. Medical records of patients ≥65 years old with primary GBM, histologically confirmed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and treated with RT, were reviewed. Survival was associated with patient (age, performance status), tumor (single or multiple), and treatment (extent of surgery, RT field, technique, fractionation and use of concurrent TMZ) characteristics in a multivariable Cox regression model. Grade ≥3 hematologic toxicity rates were compared to reported rates in younger patients. Median age of the 291 patients studied was 71 years. Longer survival was associated with younger age, tumor resection, and concomitant TMZ and RT (p < 0.01). Concurrent TMZ and RT improved median survival of patients with favorable prognostic factors from 12 to 21 months and from 10 to 13 months in patients 65–70 and ≥71 years old, respectively. Concomitant TMZ and RT increased the 2 year OS rate from 14 to 41 % and from 5 to 24 % in patients 65–70 and ≥71 years old, respectively. Grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia was significantly more frequent in the present cohort. Survival of elderly patients with GBM may be prolonged with the use of concomitant TMZ during RT. An ongoing randomized study will determine the benefit of this approach in a prospective fashion.
Nanoresonator Chip-Based RNA Sensor Strategy for Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells: Response using PCA3 as a Prostate Cancer Marker

There is widespread interest in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood. Direct detection of CTCs (often < 1/mL) is complicated by a number of factors, but the presence of ∼10(3) to 10(4) copies of target RNA per CTC, coupled with simple enrichments, can greatly increase detection capability. In this study we used resonance frequency shifts induced by mass-amplifying gold nanoparticles to detect a hybridization sandwich bound to functionalized nanowires. We selected PCA3 RNA as a marker for prostate cancer, optimized antisense binding sites, and defined conditions allowing single nucleotide mismatch discrimination, and used a hybrid resonator integration scheme, which combines elements of top-down fabrication with strengths of bottom-up fabrication, with a view to enable multiplexed sensing. Bound mass calculated from frequency shifts matched mass estimated by counting gold nanoparticles. This represents the first demonstration of use of such nanoresonators, which show promise of both excellent specificity and quantitative sensitivity.
A close look at the efficacy of Fast ForWord Language for children with academic weaknesses

This study evaluated the efficacy of the computer-assisted intervention program known as Fast ForWord Language in a sample of children in grades 1 through 6 referred for poor academic performance. Fast ForWord Language combines intensive training in multiple receptive language skills with adaptive acoustic waveform lengthening and amplification to remediate deficits in auditory temporal processing that are purported to be the root cause of developmental language disorders and many reading disabilities. Students in the treatment group were matched with students in a no-contact control group and all were assessed in four domains before and immediately after the 4–8 week intervention: (a) oral language competency; (b) phonological processing abilities; (c) basic reading skills; and (d) classroom behavior. Except for performance on a measure of expressive oral language, on which children in the treatment group achieved significantly greater gains than those in the control group, changes in test scores from pretest to posttest were equivalent for the two groups. However, when the lowest performing students in each group were compared, the children in the treatment group demonstrated superior gains in expressive oral language, syllable and sound blending, and reduction in problem behaviors. Thus, Fast ForWord Language had a positive, albeit limited impact on the oral language skills, academic performance, and social behaviors of some children in this study. However, due to methodological weaknesses and limited treatment fidelity, the study results must be interpreted cautiously.
Quality and quantity of oral participation and English proficiency gains

There are many reasons to believe that oral participation in the target language (TL) is beneficial for classroom language learners. In addition to the prominence current second language acquisitio...
Litorin suppresses food intake in rats

Litorin (LIT), a bombesin-like nonapeptide, decreased food intake in rats in a dose-related manner after parenteral injection. LIT decreased deprivation-induced water intake only at a dose much higher than required to suppress feeding. LIT administration did not significantly alter the frequency of observed feeding-associated behaviors, nor did it result in subsequent aversion to an associated novel solution. Litorin shares with bombesin structural features and pharmacological actions that include the suppression of food intake in a manner that mimics natural satiation.
The elemental compositions of lower marine organisms

Abstract A study of 33 new and 87 previous analyses of marine biological matter shows that the proportions of the minor and trace elements (Ti, Fe, Al, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, B, V, Zr and Mo) in lower marine organisms scatter much less than the major elements Na, K, Sr and SiO 2 do. Particularly small variations are found for Ti, Fe, Al, Mn, Cr, Cu, Cd and V. Scatter ranges between these extremes are found for Ca, Mg, Ba, Pb and Zn. Biological matter from the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans show almost identical trace- and minor-element compositions with significant discrepancies only for Al and Zn. Pacific samples are rich in Zn and Atlantic samples are enriched in Al.
Dopamine reverses cardiovascular depression of toxic doses of pentobarbitone in dogs.

Pentobarbitone, 20 mg.kg-1 IV followed by infusion of 25 mg.kg-1.hr-1, produced a progressive decrease in mean arterial pressure in dogs from 113 ± 17mmHg (SD) after one hour of infusion to 82 ±21 mmHg after3.5 hours and to 49 ± 22 mmHg after 5.5 hours. EEG silence occurred at 3.6 ± 0.6 hours. In dogs similarly treated with pentobarbitone, a two hour infusion of dopamine 5.µg.kg-1.min-1 beginning at the time of EEG silence prevented the further decrease in pressure and restored pressure to 87 ± 18 mmHg.
An inexpensive picoliter-volume pressure ejection system

A picoliter pressure ejection system, which is constructed from readily available and inexpensive components, is described. Pressure pulse duration and interpulse interval are controllable by either internal circuitry or by external signals from stimulators or computers. The control features and linearity of ejection volumes are similar to those of more expensive commercial units.
Anatomical Development of White Chinese Geese

Abstract THE growth rates of ducks and geese are very similar but are strikingly different from those of turkeys, chickens, and pheasants. Geese have very rapid early growth and attain a large portion of mature weight early in life while turkeys and chickens grow at a more moderate rate for a longer period of time (Milby and Henderson, 1937). Snyder and Orr (1953) found that geese processed at 10 to 12 weeks of age produced acceptable yields. Swanson and Canfield (1955) reported that yields of edible meat from geese 8 to 16½ weeks of age were comparable. Bean and Hanson (1962) indicated that the yield of a light breed of geese (White Chinese) increased markedly between 8 and 10 weeks of age, then remained relatively constant. Deskins and Winter (1956) observed that the carcass yields of geese from 7 to 13 pounds averaged 71.5% of live weight. Roberson and Francis (1963)…
Hypoxia in Melanoma: Using Optical Spectroscopy and EF5 to Assess Tumor Oxygenation Before and During Regional Chemotherapy for Melanoma

Background There is increasing evidence that tumor hypoxia plays a significant role in the chemoresistance of melanoma, but to our knowledge, real-time tumor oxygenation during isolated limb infusion (ILI) has not been studied. We sought to demonstrate the feasibility of measuring real-time alterations in tissue oxygenation.
The Colwyn Committee and the Incidence of Income Tax

I. Introductory: the Committee's work as a whole, 641. — II. Testimony of business men that a general income tax is added to prices, 643. — Refutation by economists, 645. — Statistical analysis by W. H. Coates of the Inland Revenue Department, 647. — III. Assumptions based on some special relation between cost of production and price, 651. — Absolute statement of marginal cost theory erroneous, 652. — Criticisms of Mr. Robertson examined, 657. — IV. Subsidiary arguments: (1) Relation to quantity theory of money; (2) At what rate does a progressive income tax become a part of costs? (3) Dilemma in relation to foreign trade, 662. — V. Distinction between incidence of an income tax and a commodity tax sustained, 666. — Indirect influences on price, 667.
ELECTRICAL CONTROL OF SURFACE-WAVE PROPAGATION AT THE PLANAR INTERFACE OF A LINEAR ELECTRO-OPTIC MATERIAL AND AN ISOTROPIC DIELECTRIC MATERIAL

Abstract Surface waves can propagate on the planar interface of a linear electro-optic (EO) material and an isotropic dielectric material for restricted ranges of the orientation angles of the EO material and the refractive index of the isotropic material. These ranges can be controlled by the application of a DC electric field, and depend on both the magnitude and the direction of the DC field. Thus, surface-wave propagation can be electrically controlled by exploiting the Pockels effect.
Using cloud shadows to infer scene structure and camera calibration

We explore the use of clouds as a form of structured lighting to capture the 3D structure of outdoor scenes observed over time from a static camera. We derive two cues that relate 3D distances to changes in pixel intensity due to clouds shadows. The first cue is primarily spatial, works with low frame-rate time lapses, and supports estimating focal length and scene structure, up to a scale ambiguity. The second cue depends on cloud motion and has a more complex, but still linear, ambiguity. We describe a method that uses the spatial cue to estimate a depth map and a method that combines both cues. Results on time lapses of several outdoor scenes show that these cues enable estimating scene geometry and camera focal length.
Episodic work-family conflict, cardiovascular indicators, and social support: an experience sampling approach.

Work–family conflict, a prevalent stressor in today’s workforce, has been linked to several detrimental consequences for the individual, including physical health. The present study extends this area of research by examining episodic work–family conflict in relation to objectively measured cardiovascular health indicators (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate) using an experience sampling methodology. The results suggested that the occurrence of an episode of work interference with family conflict is linked to a subsequent increase in heart rate but not blood pressure; however, the relationship between episodes of family interference with work conflict and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure is moderated by perceptions of family-supportive supervision. No evidence was found for the moderating role of work-supportive family. Further theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
On the minimum of a nonconvex inventory function

The paper deals with a nonconvex, bivariate minimization problem arising in a heuristic inventory model of Hadley and Whitin (Hadley, G., T. M. Whitin. 1963. Analysis of Inventory Systems. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.). An approach is suggested whereby the existence and uniqueness of the solution can be determined even though the model does not fulfill the standard second-order conditions. It is observed that the global minimum for this model can be identified by means of the first-order conditions and the shape of the lead time demand distribution. In particular, the local minimum is also the global minimum for this model when lead time demand distribution is either unimodal or J-shaped.
Contingent Valuation of Recreational Diving at Petroleum Rigs, Gulf of Mexico

Abstract The contingent valuation method was used to estimate the economic value of sport diving around the many petroleum structures located off Louisiana's coast. The average diver derived economic surplus in the amount of $163 (95% confidence interval, $136-$190) annually from this activity. Variation of the mean bid was not statistically affected by interview techniques, purpose of trips, years of diving experience, distance traveled over land and sea, investment in equipment, or average trip costs. The number of trips was the only variable that had a significant effect on the mean bid; however, the number of diving trips depended on income, overland distance to port, and trip cost. The trip cost variable, though significant, was positively signed. A finding of a significant positive relationship between trip cost and number of trips indicates the merit of using the direct estimation technique of contingent valuation. Received June 13, 1983 Accepted November 12, 1984
Spectroscopic imaging with improved gradient modulated constant adiabaticity pulses on high-field clinical scanners

The purpose of this work was to design and implement constant adiabaticity gradient modulated pulses that have improved slice profiles and reduced artifacts for spectroscopic imaging on 3 T clinical scanners equipped with standard hardware. The newly proposed pulses were designed using the gradient offset independent adiabaticity (GOIA, Tannus and Garwood [13]) method using WURST modulation for RF and gradient waveforms. The GOIA-WURST pulses were compared with GOIA-HSn (GOIA based on nth-order hyperbolic secant) and FOCI (frequency offset corrected inversion) pulses of the same bandwidth and duration. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements in phantoms and healthy volunteers are presented. GOIA-WURST pulses provide improved slice profile that have less slice smearing for off-resonance frequencies compared to GOIA-HSn pulses. The peak RF amplitude of GOIA-WURST is much lower (40% less) than FOCI but slightly higher (14.9% more) to GOIA-HSn. The quality of spectra as shown by the analysis of lineshapes, eddy currents artifacts, subcutaneous lipid contamination and SNR is improved for GOIA-WURST. GOIA-WURST pulse tested in this work shows that reliable spectroscopic imaging could be obtained in routine clinical setup and might facilitate the use of clinical spectroscopy.
Circular dichroism and x-ray spectroscopies of Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase iron protein. MgATP and MgADP induced protein conformational changes affecting the [4Fe-4S] cluster and characterization of a [2Fe-2S] form

Nucleotide interactions with nitrogenase are a central part of the mechanism of nitrogen reduction. Previous studies have suggested that MgATP or MgADP binding to the nitrogenase iron protein (Fe protein) induce protein conformational changes that control component protein docking, interprotein electron transfer, and substrate reduction. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of MgATP or MgADP binding to the Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase Fe protein on the properties of the [4Fe-4S] cluster using circular dichroism (CD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopies. Previous CD and magnetic CD studies on nitrogenase Fe protein suggested that binding of either MgATP or MgADP to the Fe protein resulted in identical changes in the CD spectrum arising from transitions of the [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster. We present evidence that MgADP or MgATP binding to the oxidized nitrogenase Fe protein results in distinctly different CD spectra, suggesting distinct changes in the environment of the [4Fe-4S] cluster. The present results are consistent with previous studies such as chelation assays, electron paramagnetic resonance, and NMR, which suggested that MgADP or MgATP binding to the nitrogenase Fe protein induced different conformational changes. The CD spectrum of a [2Fe-2S]2+ form of the nitrogenase Fe protein was also investigated to address the possibility that the MgATP- or MgADP-induced changes in the CD spectrum of the native enzyme were the result of a partial conversion from a [4Fe-4S] cluster to a [2Fe-2S] cluster. No evidence was found for a contribution of a [2Fe-2S]2+ cluster to the CD spectrum of oxidized Fe protein in the absence or presence of nucleotides. A novel two-electron reduction of the [2Fe-2S]2+ cluster in Fe protein was apparent from absorption, CD, and electron paramagnetic resonance data. Fe K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of the oxidized Fe protein revealed no changes in the structure of the [4Fe-4S] cluster upon MgATP binding to the Fe protein. The present results reveal that MgATP or MgADP binding to the oxidized state of the Fe protein result in different conformational changes in the environment around the [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Current concepts in treatment of hypertensive emergencies.

In defining hypertensive crisis, it is important to delineate a true emergency from an urgency. A hypertensive emergency is present if there is immediate risk to the cardiovascular system, and blood pressure must be reduced to a safer level in a matter of minutes to 1 hour. A hypertensive urgency is less acute; a patient may have accelerated or even malignant hypertension but no immediate risk to the cardiovascular system. Therefore, blood pressure reduction to a safer level may take place more slowly, from 1 to 24 hours. Whereas an oral loading regimen may be appropriate for management of hypertensive urgencies, parenteral antihypertensive agents are most appropriate for the initial management of a hypertensive emergency. A hypertensive emergency should never be determined solely on the basis of the level of systolic or diastolic blood pressure. For example, a patient who presents to the emergency room with a blood pressure of 240/140 mm Hg may have accelerated hypertension but is not considered an emergency if there is no evidence of severe headache or encephalopathy, cardiac decompensation, rapid changes in renal function, and therefore no evidence of rapid deterioration of target organ function. On the other hand, a patient with modest elevation of blood pressure complicated by acute medial dissection of the aorta or associated with acute pulmonary edema is a true hypertensive emergency and must be treated accordingly.
Stain Etching with Fe(III), V(V), and Ce(IV) to Form Microporous Silicon

Stain etchants made from (HF + V 2 O 5 ) or (HF + FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O + HCl or H 2 SO 4 ) exhibited virtually no initiation time before the formation of porous silicon. Etching with Fe(III) solutions for extended periods resulted in a unique dual layer structure that can reach a thickness > 10 μm and exhibited not only red-orange but also green photoluminescence (PL). Etching with (CeF 4 + H 2 SO 4 ) produced extremely uniform films. Visible PL was observed immediately after etching except for those films produced with (CeF 4 + H 2 SO 4 ), which required several days of air exposure before bright and robust PL developed.
A Squeaky Reputation: The Problem May Be Design-dependent

Background Squeaking is reportedly a complication in patients having ceramic-on-ceramic total hip implants. The etiology remains unknown and multifactorial with recent studies suggesting a relationship between the audible squeak and implant design. When we evaluated our ceramic-on-ceramic cohort, we noticed squeaking primarily in patients receiving an acetabular system designed with an elevated titanium rim.
Forecasting from fallible data: Correcting prediction bias with stein-rule least squares

In the presence of fallible data, standard estimation and forecasting techniques are biased and inconsistent. Surprisingly, the magnitude of this bias tends to increase, and not diminish, in time series applications as more observations become available. A solution to this ever-present problem, Stein-rule least squares (SRLS), is offered. It corrects for the bias and inconsistency of traditional estimators and provides a means for significantly improving the predictive accuracy of regression-based forecasting techniques. A Monte Carlo study of the forecasting accuracy of SRLS, compared to its alternatives reveals its practical significance and small sample behaviour.
Residual stresses of thin, short rectangular plates

The analysis of the residual stresses in thin, short rectangular plates is presented. The analysis is used in conjunction with a shadow moire interferometry technique by which residual stresses are obtained over a large spatial area from a strain measurement. The technique and analysis are applied to a residual stress measurement of polycrystalline silicon sheet grown by the edge-defined film growth technique.