cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aging reveals a role for nigral tyrosine hydroxylase ser31 phosphorylation in locomotor activity generation

Background: Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) regulates dopamine (DA) bioavailability. Its product, L-DOPA, is an established treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD), suggesting that TH regulation influences locomotion. Site-specific phosphorylation of TH at ser31 and ser40 regulates activity. No direct evidence shows that ser40 phosphorylation is the dominating mechanism of regulating TH activity in vivo, and physiologically-relevant stimuli increase L-DOPA biosynthesis independent of ser40 phosphorylation. Significant loss of locomotor activity occurs in aging as in PD, despite less loss of striatal DA or TH in aging compared to the loss associated with symptomatic PD. However, in the substantia nigra (SN), there is equivalent loss of DA or TH in aging and at the onset of PD symptoms. Growth factors increase locomotor activity in both PD and aging models and increase DA bioavailability and ser31 TH phosphorylation in SN, suggesting that ser31 TH phosphorylation status in the SN, not striatum, regulates DA bioavailability necessary for locomotor activity. Methodology and Principal Findings: We longitudinally characterized locomotor activity in young and older BrownNorway Fischer 344 F1 hybrid rats (18 months apart in age) at two time periods, eight months apart. The aged group served as an intact and pharmacologically-nao ¨ve source of deficient locomotor activity. Following locomotor testing, we analyzed DA tissue content, TH protein, and TH phosphorylation in striatum, SN, nucleus accumbens, and VTA. Levels of TH protein combined with ser31 phosphorylation alone reflected inherent differences in DA levels among the four regions. Measures strictly pertaining to locomotor activity initiation significantly correlated to DA content only in the SN. Nigral TH protein and ser31 phosphorylation together significantly correlated to test subject’s maximum movement number, horizontal activity, and duration. Conclusions/Significance: Together, these results show ser31 TH phosphorylation regulates DA bioavailability in intact neuropil, its status in the SN may regulate locomotor activity generation, and it may represent an accurate target for treating locomotor deficiency. They also show that neurotransmitter regulation in cell body regions can mediate behavioral outcomes and that ser31 TH phosphorylation plays a role in behaviors dependent upon catecholamines, such as dopamine.
Inclusion of electrochemically active guests by novel oxacalixarene hosts

We demonstrate for the first time the utility of oxacalixarenes as hosts and investigate the forces that influence the thermodynamics of binding.
Spirituality as a 1-Year Prospective Predictor of Violence Perpetration and Drug Use Among Youth at Continuation High Schools

This paper presents the results of a 1-year prospective study of violence perpetration, drug use, and spirituality among continuation high school youth. Spirituality was found to predict later violence perpetration and drug use as a single predictor. However, it failed to predict violence or drug use in models that also entered 6 other variables; particularly, baseline levels of violence and drug use, and morality of drug use. It is possible that current measures of spirituality predict later violence perpetration and drug use as a result of tapping attitudes about morality. Controlling for baseline spirituality, male gender, low morality of drug use, violence perpetration, and drug use predicted later spirituality. Spirituality appears to be affected by drug use and violence, but not the converse. The protective influence of spirituality is not supported, at least as currently measured.
Pregnancy wantedness and the early initiation of prenatal care

The study examines the impact of the wantedness of a pregnancy on the demand for early prenatal care. Using a cohort of pregnant women in New YorkCity, we estimate a prenatal care demand function in which we control for the probability of giving birth, given a woman is pregnant. We interpret this control as a measure of wantedness, The results indicate that if the black and Hispanic women who aborted had instead given birth, they would have delayed the initiation of prenatal care, on average, more than three-quarters of a month longer than the mean number of months of delay that were actually observed for the women who gave birth. Byallowing women to terminate an unwanted pregnancy, induced abortion increases the average use of prenatal care among black and Hispanic women relative to what would have been observed if the women who aborted had instead given birth.
Neural solution to the multitarget tracking data association problem

The problem of tracking multiple targets in the presence of clutter is addressed. The joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm has been previously reported to be suitable for this problem in that it makes few assumptions and can handle many targets as long as the clutter density is not very high. However, the complexity of this algorithm increases rapidly with the number of targets and returns. An approximation of the JPDA that uses an analog computational network to solve the data association problem is suggested. The problem is viewed as that of optimizing a suitably chosen energy function. Simple neural-network structures for the approximate minimization of such functions have been proposed by other researchers. The analog network used offers a significant degree of parallelism and thus can compute the association probabilities more rapidly. Computer simulations indicate the ability of the algorithm to track many targets simultaneously in the presence of moderately dense clutter. >
Complex evolutionary history of the pallid dotted-blue butterfly (Lycaenidae: Euphilotes pallescens) in the Great Basin of western North America

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate patterns of genetic isolation associated with populations in discrete habitat patches in a North American cold desert through analysis of the pallid dotted-blue butterfly, Euphilotes pallescens. This small butterfly is largely restricted to low-elevation habitats across the Great Basin. The apparent geographical isolation and reported morphological variation among E. pallescens populations makes this species an ideal candidate with which to investigate patterns of genetic isolation and diversification in this arid region. Location Great Basin, western North America. Methods We used sequence data from nuclear and mitochondrial genes to investigate genetic diversity among E. pallescens populations, and among E. pallescens and a number of closely related Euphilotes species, using Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, as well as population genetic analyses. In conjunction with genetic variation, morphological variation was examined in the context of geographical and subspecific differentiation. Results Our genetic and morphological analyses suggest a moderate amount of isolation among populations, consistent with the hypothesis of restricted gene flow among isolated dune habitats, and possibly associated with isolation in distinct Pleistocene refugia. The patterns of diversification within E. pallescens and among closely related species are complicated by discordance among phylogenetic reconstructions based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Discordance among gene genealogies suggests a complex evolutionary history, perhaps involving alternating periods of reticulation and divergence in isolation. Main conclusions Although E. pallescens may be a vagile species, we find that persistence on isolated dunes in the Great Basin is associated with appreciable genetic and morphological differentiation among populations. However, genetic, morphological and taxonomic axes of variation are only partially in agreement. More generally, the discordance we find among genetic regions is consistent with the ascendant paradigm in phylogenetic reconstruction: gene genealogies often do not perfectly match species trees. Thus we present Euphilotes as a model for future biogeographical and phylogenetic reconstructions employing larger data sets of independent sequence markers.
Synthese und Anwendungen von mit supramolekularen Templaten hergestellten mesoporösen Materialien

Die einzigartige Struktur von MCM-41-Silicaten (im Bild schematisch dargestellt) bietet auserst attraktive Eigenschaften: einheitliche Porengrosen von mehr als 20 A, innere Oberflachen von mehr als 1000 m2 g−1 sowie eine weitreichende Ordnung der Poren. Die Forschung auf dem Gebiet der mit supramolekularen Templaten hergestellten mesoporosen Materialien hat zu Verbindungen gefuhrt, deren Zusammensetzungen sich uber einen weiten Bereich erstrecken, zu einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen dieser Materialien in der Katalyse und zu Moglichkeiten, ihre Morphologien besser zu steuern.
Analytical modeling of temperature distribution in an anisotropic cylinder with circumferentially-varying convective heat transfer

Abstract Fluid flow past a cylinder is a classical problem of fluid mechanics and convective heat transfer. In this problem, the local convective heat transfer coefficient on the cylinder surface varies around the cylinder due to boundary layer growth, separation and transition to turbulence. While there is considerable literature on computing the temperature distribution in the fluid, not much work exists on computing the temperature distribution within the solid body, particularly if the solid has anisotropic thermal properties. This paper presents an analytical technique for computing the temperature distribution within a heat-generating cylinder with anisotropic thermal conductivity subjected to spatially varying convective heat transfer coefficient due to fluid flow. As expected, temperature distribution on the cylinder surface exhibits minima and maxima at locations where the convective heat transfer coefficient has maxima and minima respectively. The effect of various parameters, including Reynolds number of the flow and extent of anisotropy are examined. Results presented in this paper contribute towards the fundamental understanding of a classical heat transfer problem. Further, since Li-ion cells that are commonly used for energy conversion and storage exhibit strong thermal conduction anisotropy, these results may be useful for design of convection-based thermal management of Li-ion cells.
Developmental lesions in the Agametic mutant of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Agametic , a maternal-effect mutation, causes the absence of germ cells in approximately 40% of the gonads of flies derived from homozygous females. The nature of the deficiency in the eggs produced by these flies was examined. Ultrastructural abnormalities were seen in the polar granules of some eggs shortly after fertilization. Although a normal number of pole cells form, some are abnormal with degenerating polar granules and nuclear bodies and they contain myeloid bodies. The pole cells reach the gonads and at 14 hr of development all the gonads contain germ cells. However, in 40% of the gonads the germ cells become necrotic and disappear. Thus, the source of agametic gonads in the adult is embryonic death of pole cells in some gonads. To test whether this gonadal death is an autonomous deficiency of the mutant pole cells, mosaic pole cell populations were produced by reciprocal pole cell transplantation. In both types of transplants, the mutant pole cells died autonomously. In eight instances gonads containing only donor pole cells were obtained. Since mutant pole cells die when wild-type pole cells normally begin dividing, we suggest that the lesion affects the ability of these mutant pole cells to reenter the cell cycle.
Effect of Information Feedback on the Outcomes and Dynamics of Multisourcing Multiattribute Procurement Auctions

Electronic auctions are increasingly being used to facilitate the procurement of goods and services in organizations. Multiattribute auctions, which allow bids on multiple dimensions of the product and not just price, are information technology-enabled sourcing mechanisms that can increase the efficiency of procurement for configurable goods and services compared to price-only auctions. Given the strategic nature of procurement auctions, the amount of information concerning the buyer's preferences that is disclosed to the suppliers has implications on the profits of the buyer and the suppliers and, consequently, on the long-term relationship between them. This study explores novel feedback schemes for multisourcing multiattribute auctions that require limited exchange of strategic information between the buyer and the suppliers. To study the impact of feedback on the outcomes and dynamics of the auctions, we conduct laboratory experiments wherein we analyze bidder behavior and economic outcomes under three different treatment conditions with different types of information feedback. Our results indicate that, in contrast to winner-take-all multiattribute auctions, multisourcing multiattribute auctions, with potentially multiple winners, allow bidders i.e., suppliers to extract more profit when greater transparency in terms of provisional allocations and prices is provided. We develop several insights for mechanism designers toward developing sustainable procurement auctions that efficiently allocate multiple units of an asset with multiple negotiable attributes among multiple suppliers.
Asynchronous Teams for probe selection problems

The selection of probe sets for hybridization experiments directly affects the efficiency and cost of the analysis. We propose the application of the Asynchronous Team (A-Team) technique to determine near-optimal probe sets. An A-Team is comprised of several different heuristic algorithms that communicate with each other via shared memories. The A-Team method has been applied successfully to several problems including the Set Covering Problem, the Traveling Salesman Problem, and the Point-to-Point Connection Problem, and lends itself well to the Probe Selection Problem. We designed and developed a C + + program to run instances of the Minimum Cost Probe Set and Maximum Distinguishing Probe Set problems. A program description and our results are presented in the paper.
ORPUS-1 - A pulsed superconducting solenoid

A recent series of reference designs for Tokamak Experimental Power Reactors (EPR's) has indicated that superconducting poloidal field (PF) coils will be necessary for successful operation of these devices. It would also be desirable to use superconducting PF coils in earlier tokamak fusion devices if such coils could be developed quickly enough. In this paper, the PF coil performance requirements are briefly reviewed and some implications for the coil design are developed. A small coil (stored energy 14 kJ) has been built using construction techniques similar to those which could be employed for PF coils. The coil has been charged at rates up to 2 T/sec. Both maximum field and charging rate were limited by available power supplies. Loss measurements were carried out during pulsed operation and data for hysteretic and eddy current loss are presented. The loss measurement system used allows considerable insight into the effects of conductor motion and training.
A systematic method for generating land use patterns using stochastic rules and basic landscape characteristics: results for a Colombian hillside watershed

Abstract For some applications existing land use change models may be cumbersome to use because of substantial data requirements or tight integration with other simulation modules. This paper describes a spatially explicit stochastic methodology for simulating land use changes at a watershed level without the need to describe the complex relationships between biophysical, economic and human factors that affect actual land use decisions at the farm and field levels. Land use changes were made on a grid cell basis and for each year, and were governed by a set transition rules that accounted for the impact of various landscape characteristics on the direction of land use change. The model was applied to the 3246 ha Cabuyal River watershed in Colombia. Three different analyses were carried out. First, a simple model was created and its transition probabilities were based on observed frequencies of actual conversions between forest, pasture and scrub in the period 1946–1970, accounting for the impact of three landscape characteristics (distance to roads; distance to streams; land use in a 3×3 grid cell neighborhood). The model was then run for the same time period. The fit between the actual and simulated land use pattern in 1970 was good in that the areas covered by each land use class were similar, though the simulated landscape was more fragmented. Secondly, land use changes were simulated for three explorative scenarios for the year 2025: Business as Usual (BU), Ecological Watershed (EW), and Corporate Farming (CF). For this analysis, the model was expanded with three additional landscape characteristics (slope, aspect and elevation), and three different sets of land use transition rules and transition probabilities were created based on hypothetical assumptions about the possible affect of the six landscape characteristics on land use changes. The model generated three different, but plausible land use patterns for 2025. The portion of bare soil, for example, ranged from 4.0% under the EW scenario to 20.3% under the BU scenario, and cropland varied from 13.5% under the EW scenario to 26.9% under the CF scenario. Thirdly, land use changes were simulated for a period of 100 years for all scenarios. This demonstrated that, using the present set of transition rules and transition probabilities, the percentage occupied by each land use class would reach a near-equilibrium after 100 years under the EW and BU scenarios, but not under the CF scenario.
Adverse alterations in bone metabolism are associated with lung infection in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Low bone density, fractures, and kyphosis complicate the lives of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF), and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1 β , IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]- α ) that may alter bone metabolism have been previously found to be increased in the lungs and serum of CF patients. The objective of this prospective study was to determine the impact of lung infection on bone physiology in 17 adult CF patients. Serum osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation; urine N-telopeptides of type I collagen and free deoxypyridinoline, both of which are markers of bone breakdown; serum cytokines (TNF- α , IL-1 β , and IL-6); and general inflammatory markers (serum C-reactive protein [CRP] and chondrex) were measured at the beginning and end of treatment for an acute exacerbation of lung infection and again 3 wk later. After treatment with conventional antibiotics, decreases in N-telopeptides (147.3 ± 77.5 [mean ± SEM] versus 95.5 ± 57.3 bone collagen equivalents (BCE)/mmol creatinine, p = 0.0014...
Goat red blood cells in agglutination test for infectious mononucleosis.

Summary and ConclusionSera from 61 patients showed similar reactions with both sheep and goat rbc in the differential agglutination test for infectious mononucleosis. Twenty-seven sera caused positive differential agglutination with both sheep and goat rbc and reacted in the ox cell hemolysin test. No other sera reacted positively in any of the tests. Goat cells reacted with higher dilution of serum than sheep cells with both patient serums and with 100 normal serums. A positive reaction in goat rbc was of approximately 4-fold higher titer than with sheep rbc. Within limits of these investigations it is concluded that the differential agglutination test with goat rbc and the ox cell hemolysin test gives the same laboratory information for diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis as is obtained from the sheep rbc agglutination test.
Population and Settlement Area: An Example from Iran

It can be argued that observed variation in the relationship between settlement area and population, along with uncertainties introduced by the assumption that archeological site area is equal to settlement area, makes efforts to estimate population from site area an impossible task. Such an argument leads to the conclusion that only a relative measure is justified, using site area as a proxy for population, rather than an estimator. However, the requirement for actual population estimates in production, consumption, and land use analysis is more than sufficient justification for a continued effort to develop methods of estimating population from site area.
Some Hopf Galois structures arising from elementary abelian $p$-groups

Let p be an odd prime, G =Z m p , the elementary abelian p-group of rank m, and let Γ be the group of principal units of the ring Fp [x]/(x m+1 ). If L/K is a Galois extension with Galois group Γ, then we show that for p > 5, the number of Hopf Galois structures on L/K afforded by K-Hopf algebras with associated group G is greater than p s , where s = (m-1) 2 3- m.
Comparison of Recirculation Percentage of the Palindrome Catheter and Standard Hemodialysis Catheters in a Swine Model

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo recirculation of a new bi-directional dialysis catheter with a symmetric tip design and compare it to currently marketed staggered and split tip catheters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve catheters were placed in three 70-kg male swine. The catheters were connected to a roller type peristaltic pump. Blood flow and recirculation rates were measured with ultrasound (US) dilution. Recirculation was measured in blood flow rates of 300 mL/min, 400 mL/min, and 500 mL/min. The dialysis lines were then reversed and recirculation was measured in flow rate of 400 mL/min. Measurements were conducted with the catheter tip in the right atrium (RA) and repeated with the catheter tip in the superior vena cava (SVC). RESULTS Recirculation rates measured with the Palindrome catheter tip (Tyco Healthcare Group LP, Mansfield, MA) in the SVC and in the RA were 0%. When the dialysis lines were reversed, the Palindrome catheter average recirculation was 0% with the tip in the SVC and 1% (0%–3%) with the tip in the RA. The average recirculation rates measured with the split tip catheter were 1% (0%–10%) in the SVC and 0% when the catheter tip was in the RA. When the dialysis lines were reversed split tip catheter recirculation was 11% (9%–16%) with the tip in the SVC and 13% (7%–18%) with the tip in the RA. With the staggered tip catheter, 1% (0%–5%) recirculation was measured. When the dialysis lines were reversed, the average recirculation in the staggered tip catheter measured 23% (18%–30%). Recirculation rate with reversal of dialysis lines was significantly lower with the Palindrome catheter when compared to the split tip and staggered tip designs ( P CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results in vivo indicate that the Palindrome catheter demonstrates minimal recirculation with reversal of the dialysis lines compared to currently marketed split tip and staggered tip catheters.
Immunology: Fifty years of B lymphocytes

Alexander D. Gitlin and Michel C. Nussenzweig reflect on the discovery of two lineages of adaptive immune cells, and how it influenced vaccination, cancer therapy and the development of a class of antibody-based drugs.
Reduction of Adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate to Cysteine in Extracts from Chlorella and Mutants Blocked for Sulfate Reduction

Techniques for preparation of enzyme extracts from Chlorella pyrenoidosa chick are described which yield a stable system which converts adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate to sulfide and/or cysteine in the absence of added active thiols. Since these thiols (such as dithiothreitol) have been shown to yield sulfite, among other products, from the adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase reaction, we have studied the adenosine 5′-phosphusulfate reducing system in the presence and absence of dithiothreitol. In all cases dithiothreitol increases the activity of the reducing system forming cysteine from adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate. Mutant Sat−2, which cannot grow on sulfate, is shown to lack thiosulfonate reductase activity but to retain sulfite reductase activity. Extracts from this mutant will form sulfide and cysteine only in the presence of dithiothreitol, while wild-type extracts will form these products in presence or absence of dithiothreitol, the activity with dithiothreitol being higher. Mutants Sat−1,3–6 which are blocked in the adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase step are blocked in the formation of sulfide and cysteine from adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate. Binding studies with adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate indicate that the sulfonyl group is transferred to a carrier to form carrier-S-SO−3 and the available evidence suggests that this carrier is a prosthetic group of the thiosulfonate reductase. On the basis of this evidence, two pathways in the cell-free extracts are thought to be operating. One, in the absence of active thiols, is a pathway consisting of bound intermediates in which the sulfonyl group of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate is transferred via adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase to carrier on the thiosulfonate reductase where it is reduced to the thiol level by ferredoxin; the thiol is then transferred via O-acetyl-l-serine sulfhydrylase to form cysteine. The other, or free intermediate pathway operates in the presence of dithiothreitol which releases free sulfite from the adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase reaction. This sulfite is then reduced via sulfite reductase to sulfide which forms cysteine via O-acetyl-l-serine sulfhydrylase. Since mutant Sat−2, which cannot grow on sulfate nor reduce it in vivo, lacks thiosulfonate reductase activity but yields sulfite reductase activity in extracts, we conclude that the bound intermediate pathway is the preferred pathway of sulfate reduction in vivo; the free intermediate pathway is probably operative only when free sulfite is available either from occasional side reactions in vivo or when sulfite is fed to cells from outside.
All voting is strategic

All voting is strategic because the shared outcomes are note within the choice set of any voter, the elements of which can only be strategies. Voting behavior need not re- flect the individual's ordering of outcomes, and the conventional distinction between sincere and sophisticated voting is misguided. In voting choice, the ordinal ranking of outcomes must be supplemented by intrapersonal evaluation of utility differences among these outcomes and also by predictions concerning the behavior of other participants in the nexus of interdependence.
Interdisciplinary curriculum to train internal medicine and obstetrics-gynecology residents in ambulatory women's health: adapting problem-based learning to residency education.

Abstract Objective: Although residents in internal medicine (IM) and obstetrics-gynecology (OG) must provide primary care for women, studies indicate that both groups require more skills and training in women's health. Our goals were to assess the needs of residents at our academic medical center and to design an interdisciplinary curriculum that addresses these needs utilizing a modified problem-based learning (PBL) format. The aim of this article is to report on the development, logistics, and successful implementation of our innovative curriculum. Methods: Based on results from a targeted needs-assessment, we designed a curriculum for both IM and OG residents to address curricular deficiencies in an efficient and effective manner. Procurement of support was achieved by reviewing overlapping competency requirements and results of the needs-assessment with the program directors. The curriculum consists of six ambulatory clinical cases which lead residents through a discussion of screening, diagnosis, pre...
Characterization of Circulating Insulin in Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome

We examined the forms of circulating insulin in three patients with the insulin autoimmune syndrome by a method combining gel filtration and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Insulin bound to circulating antibody was dissociated by molecular sieve chromatography at acid pH. The free insulin peak eluted from a Sephadex G-50 column was subsequently chromatographed on a Bio-Gel P-30 column. In all three patients, insulin coeluted with normal human insulin. However, when the partially purified insulins, obtained by gel filtration, were applied to RP-HPLC, an abnormally migrating insulin was found in two of three patients. The insulins were more hydrophobic than normal human, porcine, or bovine insulin, but were different from each other. A third patient had only a single insulin peak on RP-HPLC which corresponded to normal insulin. In contrast, the insulin from insulin-treated diabetic patients with antibodies to exogenous insulin corresponded to either porcine or bovine and normal human insulin. The antibodies in the circulation of these patients with the autoimmune syndrome were of the immunoglobulin G type and contained kappa and lambda-chains in the same proportions as antibodies in insulin-treated patients. Autoantibodies could not be distinguished from those secondary to exogenous insulin treatment on the basis of displacement of binding by human, beef, or pork insulin. These results suggest that in certain patients with the insulin autoimmune syndrome, there may be a molecular abnormality of circulating insulin. Whether this comprises a cause for the syndrome or is a result of posttranslational processing of insulin remains to be determined.
Effects of thermal history on the rigid amorphous phase in poly(phenylene sulfide)

The rigid amorphous phase of semicrystalline poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) has been studied as a function of thermal history using scanning calorimetry, dielectric relaxation, density, and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Based on the new heat of fusion of perfect crystalline PPS, which is 26.7±0.8 cal/gram, the weight fraction of rigid amorphous phase is shown to be nearly twice as large as previously reported [1]. The mass fraction of the rigid amorphous phase ranges from 0.24 to 0.42 and is dependent upon thermal treatment. We have taken the approach of assuming a three-phase model for the morphology of semicrystalline PPS consisting of crystalline lamellae, mobile amorphous, and rigid amorphous components. Using this three-phase model, we determine that the average density of the rigid amorphous fraction is 1.325 g/cc, which is slightly larger than the density of the mobile amorphous phase fraction and was insensitive to thermal history. From the SAXS long period, the layer thicknesses of the mobile amorphous phase, rigid amorphous phase, and crystal lamellae were estimated. Only the lamellar thickness shows a systematic variation with thermal history, increasing with melt or cold crystallization temperature, or with decreasing cooling rate.
Abstract LB-309: Interplay between E3 ligases modulate Per2 stability

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Circadian oscillation relies on autoregulatory loops generated by sequential phases of transcription/translation, protein modification, and degradation. Interestingly, disruption of the clock gene period2 (per2) in mice is associated with a hyperplasic phenotype and loss of apoptotic response. When irradiated, per2 knockout mice show a significantly higher frequency of tumor development most likely due to loss of normal circadian control of genes concerned with the regulation of the DNA-damage response as well as partial resistance to radiation-induced apoptosis. Although evidence suggests that the per2 gene functions in tumor suppression, no mechanism of Per2 action is known. Our work show direct evidences of crosstalk mechanisms that involve Per2 and the oncogenic E3-ligase Mdm2. Whereas we know much about the role of b-TrCP in modulating the oscillatory levels of Per2 in the cell, the functional relevance of Mdm2 targeting of Per2 has just been uncovered. Bacterial two-hybrid screenings led to the identification of Mdm2 as a new PER2 binding partner, an interaction that was later validated by immunoprecipitation studies from both ectopicaly expressed and endogenous proteins. In vitro experiment show that recombinantly expressed Per2 serves as a substrate for Mdm2 and polyubiquitination takes place shortly after interaction. These results were later confirmed when Mdm2 was overexpressed and ubiquitination of Per2 was detected in immunoprecipitated samples. Interestingly, knock down of either beta-TrCP or Mdm2 dampened PER2 oscillation, although the mechanism by either E3 ligase seems to act relies in the subcellular localization of the substrate., Lastly, there is an interplay between these two ligases as we showed that downregulation of Mdm2 influences the total levels of beta-TrCP and direct interaction between these protein was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Moreover, experiments carried out with constitutively negative active forms of each ligase show they are each other targeted for ubiquitination and that Per2 exerts a very relevant control on stability of b-TrCP by binding to Mdm2 and inhibiting its E3-ligase activity. Citation Format: jingjing liu, Carla V. Finkielstein. Interplay between E3 ligases modulate Per2 stability. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-309. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-309
Excited state absorption of V2+ and Cr3+ ions in crystal hosts

Abstract We have measured the excited state absorption spectra of KMgF 3 : V 2+ , Na 3 Ga 2 Li 3 F 12 :Cr 3+ , and BeAl 2 O 4 :Cr 3+ , and BeAl 2 O 4 :Cr 3+ . The 4 T 2 → 4 T 1 a, 4 T 1 b transitions were observed for the first two systems, while the 2 E, 2 T 1 → 2 T 2 transitions were seen for BeAl 2 O 4 :Cr 3+ . All excited state absorptions, except the 4 T 2 → 4 T 1 a transition, can be understood on the basis of simple crystal fields theory. The 4 T 2 → 4 T 1 a transition is found to be profoundly modified by the Jahn-Teller effect, so that it is broader and at higher energy than ohterwise expected. This excited state absorption is observed to overlap the emission spectrum of KMgF 3 :V 2+ , and thereby substantially reduces the effective stimulated emission cross-section.
Design, optimization and validation of genomic DNA microarrays for examining theClostridium acetobutylicum transcriptome

Microarray technology has contributed significantly to the understanding of bacterial genetics and transcriptional regulation. One neglected aspect of this technology has been optimization of microarray-generated signals and quality of generated information. Full genome microarrays were developed forClostridium acetobutylicum through spotting of PCR products that were designed with minimal homology with all other genes within the genome. Using statistical analyses it is demonstrated that signal quality is significantly improved by increasing the hybridization volume, possibly increasing the effective number of transcripts available to bind to a given spot, while changes in labeled probe amounts were found to be less sensitive to improving signal quality. In addition to Q-RT-PCR, array validation was tested by examining the transcriptional program of a mutant (M5) strain lacking the pSOL1 178-gene megaplasmid relative to the wildtype (WT) strain. Under optimal conditions, it is demonstrated that the fraction of false positive genes is 1% when considering differentially expressed genes and 7% when considering all genes with signal above background. To enhance genomic-scale understanding of organismal physiology, using data from these microarrays we estimated that 40–55% of theC. acetobutylicum genome is expressed at any time during batch culture, similar to estimates made forBacillus subtilis.
Epithelial nitration by a peroxidase/NOX5 system mediates mosquito antiplasmodial immunity.

Plasmodium ookinetes traverse midgut epithelial cells before they encounter the complement system in the mosquito hemolymph. We identified a heme peroxidase (HPX2) and NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) as critical mediators of midgut epithelial nitration and antiplasmodial immunity that enhance nitric oxide toxicity in Anopheles gambiae. We show that the two immune mechanisms that target ookinetes—epithelial nitration and thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1)–mediated lysis—work sequentially, and we propose that epithelial nitration works as an opsonization-like system that promotes activation of the mosquito complement cascade.
Effect of physical therapy on wound healing and quality of life in patients with venous leg ulcers: a systematic review.

Importance Patients with venous leg ulcers (VLUs) have calf muscle pump dysfunction, which is associated with reduced ankle range of motion (ROM). Physical therapy or exercise that targets ankle joint mobility may lead to improvement in calf muscle pump function and subsequent healing. However, little is known regarding the effect of physical therapy or exercise on healing and quality of life (QOL), which is impaired in patients with VLUs. Objectives To systematically review the current literature on the effect of physical therapy on healing and QOL outcomes in patients with VLUs and to identify research gaps that warrant further investigation. Evidence Review PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched in April 2014. Findings We found 10 articles, consisting of randomized clinical trials and single-arm cohort studies with small sample sizes, that used physical therapy or exercise for patients with open or healed VLUs. Although there is evidence that exercise strengthens the calf muscle pump and improves ankle ROM, few studies have investigated the effect of these interventions on QOL and healing, and few involved the supervision of a physical therapist. Conclusions and Relevance The lack of evidence and randomized clinical trials suggests the need for further investigation on physical therapy–oriented exercise on wound healing and QOL. In addition, more studies are needed to investigate sustainability of the increased ankle ROM after physical therapy has ended or if VLU reoccurrences are prevented.
Reinterpreting the Anomalous Mole Fraction Effect: The Ryanodine Receptor Case Study

The origin of the anomalous mole fraction effect (AMFE) in calcium channels is explored with a model of the ryanodine receptor. This model predicted and experiments verified new AMFEs in the cardiac isoform. In mole fraction experiments, conductance is measured in mixtures of ion species X and Y as their relative amounts (mole fractions) vary. This curve can have a minimum (an AMFE). The traditional interpretation of the AMFE is that multiple interacting ions move through the pore in a single file. Mole fraction curves without minima (no AMFEs) are generally interpreted as X displacing Y from the pore in a proportion larger than its bath mole fraction (preferential selectivity). We find that the AMFE is also caused by preferential selectivity of X over Y, if X and Y have similar conductances. This is a prediction applicable to any channel and provides a fundamentally different explanation of the AMFE that does not require single filing or multiple occupancy: preferential selectivity causes the resistances to current flow in the baths, channel vestibules, and selectivity filter to change differently with mole fraction, and produce the AMFE.
Contact dermatitis from topical auranofin

Auranofin is an organogold complex composed of gold, thiosugar, and triethylphosphine that has been successfully used parenterally in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. More recently, a crude 0.18% auranofin ointment was used to treat psoriasis, resulting in clearing of lesions in some patients. 1 To confirm and extend these preliminary findings, a multicenter investigation was conducted in patients with mild to moderate-plaque psoriasis. During this investigation, in 17 of 76 subjects treated with auranofin ointment, contact dermatitis developed at the treatment site (Fig. 1).
BACTERIOLOGIC STUDIES OF EXPERIMENTAL AIR-BORNE SALMONELLOSIS IN CHICKS

Although Enterobacteriaceae are considered to be ordinarily transmitted among humans by direct contact and food or water vehicles, during the past decade epidemiologic investigations of nursery and pediatric ward outbreaks have suggested the dust-borne and airborne routes as possible additional means of spread. The recovery of identical serotypes of Escherichia coli or aerobacter from the stool and naso-
Knockdown factors for buckling of cylindrical and spherical shells subject to reduced biaxial membrane stress

Abstract Cylindrical shells under uniaxial compression and spherical shells under equi-biaxial compression display the most extreme buckling sensitivity to imperfections. In engineering practice, the reduction of load carrying capacity due to imperfections is usually addressed by use of a knockdown factor to lower the critical buckling stress estimated or computed without accounting for imperfections. For thin elastic cylindrical shells under uniaxial compression and spherical shells under equi-biaxial compression, the knockdown factor is typically as small as 0.2. This paper explores the alleviation of imperfection-sensitivity for loadings with a reduced circumferential (transverse) membrane stress component. The analysis of Koiter (1963) on the effect of an axisymmetric imperfection on the elastic buckling of a cylindrical shell under uniaxial compression is extended to both cylinders and spheres for loadings that produce general combinations of biaxial membrane stresses. Increases in the knockdown factor due to a reduction of the transverse membrane component are remarkably similar for cylindrical and spherical shells.
Normal alkaline phosphatase levels in patients with bone metastases due to renal cell carcinoma.

Abstract Objectives. To determine the correlation between alkaline phosphatase levels and bone metastases in renal cell carcinoma. Methods. The records of two cohorts, including 539 and 184 patients, with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were reviewed. In both groups, metastases were shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or bone scan. In addition, the second cohort included data concerning pain on presentation. None of the patients in either cohort had any systemic therapy (chemotherapy or immunotherapy); many patients had undergone radical nephrectomy as the primary treatment of the cancer. All radiographic and laboratory information was obtained within a 6-week enrollment period. Normal alkaline phosphatase levels were referenced according to age and sex, resulting in an upper limit of normal of 111 to 141 U/L. Results. In the first cohort bone metastases were documented by MRI, CT, and/or bone scans in 164 patients. Alkaline phosphatase levels were less than or equal to 141 U/L in 118 patients (72%) and less than or equal to 111 U/L in 87 patients (53%). There were 123 patients with bone metastases who had previously undergone a nephrectomy for presumed local disease. Alkaline phosphatase levels were less than or equal to 141 U/L in 91 patients (74%) and less than or equal to 111 U/L in 70 patients (57%). In the second cohort 22 of 37 patients (59%) had little to no pain on presentation, and 19 (86%) of that group had normal alkaline phosphatase levels. Conclusions. Alkaline phosphatase is an insensitive indicator of bone metastases.
Becoming multicultural: A recursive process of self‐ and social construction

(1996). Becoming multicultural: A recursive process of self‐ and social construction. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 35, Multicultural Education: Cases and Commentaries, pp. 232-238.
Examining Ableism in Higher Education through Social Dominance Theory and Social Learning Theory.

In most societies, some social identity groups hold a disproportionate amount of social, cultural, and economic power, while other groups hold little. In contemporary U.S. society, examples of this power are evident around issues of ability/disability, with able-bodied individuals wielding social dominance and people with disabilities experiencing a lack of social, cultural, and economic power. However, this relationship between able-bodied individuals and people with disabilities is neither static nor determinant; and through social modeling it may be altered to foster increased positive outcomes for people with disabilities, including both undergraduate and graduate students. As educators and institutional staff members frequently engage with students with disabilities, improving ally behavior and overall accessibility will increase rapport building with students, leading to more just and equitable interactions.
Antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 3 in Minnesota swine.

Abstract Swine sera from 195 farms in Minnesota were examined for antibodies against parainfluenza virus type 3 using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. These sera were originally submitted to the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for the detection of antibodies against Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV). Antibodies to PI-3 virus were detected in 172 of 1392 (12·4%) sera at titres of 1:40 or greater.
Introduction to Health Cyberinfrastructure: Applications and Technologies for Population Health and Health Services Minitrack

Realizing the full potential of health information technology (Health IT) to impact and transform public health requires breaking down the often vertical structures within which vital scientific and medical information currently reside, allowing for widespread sharing, analysis, and application within and across disciplines. Obtaining this goal entails establishing interfaces that link the existing islands of surveillance, community and population data, scientific research, clinical and even personal health data maintained by consumers themselves. Such collaborative access, analysis, and communication requires that future technology deployments be designed and implemented in a manner that ensures the highest level of interoperability, such as the use of open source technologies and the Internet. Furthermore, it requires innovation in the way data is collected, shared, accessed, communicated, analyzed, and ultimately, used by seemingly disparate factions of the public health and health services domain. Such innovation would serve to improve anticipation of and response times to developing health issues with the goal of averting health crises and benefiting the population as a whole. A cyberinfrastructure is comprised of complementary components including high performance computing infrastructure, data, analysis and visualization, virtual organizations for distributed communities, and learning and workforce development, all connected by an interoperable suite of software services and tools. Relevant to the notion of data use, cyberinfrastructure also pertains to the burgeoning growth of applications that use both established data sources, such as surveillance, research, administrative, biological, and genomic/proteomic data, and emerging data sources, such as, EHRs/PHRs, mobile devices, web 2.0, and data.gov, for public health impact. This mini-track highlights some of the health cyberinfrastructure applications and technologies for population health and health services. It will feature the following papers: