cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vergleich von hepatocellulären Funktionen nach akuter Leberischämie in überlebenden und nicht überlebenden Pavianen

Die temporare Unterbrechung der Leberdurchblutung ist obligatorischer Bestandteil wahrend der Transplantation dieses Organes. Sie wird beim Menschen, im Gegenteil zu Hund und Schwein, ohne venose Dekompression des portalen und cavalen Systems durchgefuhrt (4). Das ischamische Intervall schadigt sowohl die Parenchym- als auch die Kupfferzellen, den Hauptteil der Zellen des Reticuloendothelialen Systems (RES). Obgleich die Reduzierung des venosen Ruckstromes wahrend der anhepatischen Phase hamodynamisch toleriert wird (4), ist von haufigem Auftreten postoperativer Infektionen mit erhohter Mortalitat berichtet worden (2, 3). Verantwortlich gemacht wird eine verminderte Funktion des RES. Daruberhinaus ist unklar, ob und in welchem Ausmase endogenes Endotoxin, dessen blockierende Wirkung auf das RES bekannt ist (1), zusatzlich schadigend wirksam wird. Der Zweck dieser Versuchsreihe war: 1. Die separate Rolle der beiden funktionellen Hauptkomponenten der Leber nach einer kontrollierten Leberschadigung im Primaten zu prufen, 2. zu untersuchen, inwieweit deren Veranderungen und das Auftreten zirkulierenden Endotoxins mit dem Ausgang der Experimente, dem Uberleben oder Nichtuberleben, korrelieren.
The Imaginary and the Real

In this chapter I will draw out in Lacan ‘s account of the Imaginary register, and in particular in his various engagements with the constitutivity of the image of the ‘other’, the beginnings of what he would come to define as the Real. As I’ve already signalled in the Introduction, I aim to take Lacan at his word, when he insists that the object of Freudian concern is the Real, as that which persists ‘beyond the pleasure principle’.1 While the Introduction also outlined the extent to which over-hasty periodizations of Lacan’s work reduce its essential complexity, it is necessary to begin this investigation of the Real with texts produced relatively early on in Lacan’s career so as to trace the lineage of other concepts that would come to define it, as it becomes part of the triumvirate of the Imaginary, Symbolic and Real in 1953. I will focus, in particular, on a text often cited but rarely understood in the fullness of its ambiguity and implication, ‘The Mirror Stage as Formative of the Function of the I As Revealed in Psychoanalytic Experience’.2 Through a close reading, I hope to emphasize how Hegelian readings of the Mirror Stage, while correct in identifying the key influence of Kojeve’s reading of Hegel’s master/slave dialectic on Lacan’s account of ego formation, nonetheless underplay the deformative aspects of the image of the Other that act as a bar to any overcoming of Imaginary antagonism, aspects that, I will argue, later coalesce as what we might designate as the Real in the Imaginary, the presence of an irrecurable antagonism at the heart of the subject.
Some Results on Iterative Learning

Abstract Learning control is a new approach to the problem of improving transient behavior for processes that are repetitive in nature and operate on a fixed time interval. The approach of learning control is described and an analysis of the learning control problem is given for the case of linear, time-invariant plants and controllers. This analysis offers insight into the nature of the solution of the learning control problem. Additionally, a specific learning controller is given for a class of nonlinear systems, which includes typical robotic manipulator models. This control scheme is illustrated by simulation example.
TENS-induced pain control in a malignant hyperthermia-susceptible patient.

Abstract Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a severe and often fatal disease that is triggered by exposure to the neuromuscular blocking drug succinylcholine and/or volatile general anesthetics (eg, halothane). Although all local anesthetics are now considered to be safe in malignant hyperthermia patients, some individuals still prefer not to use amide-type anesthetics. Here we report a case of a MH-susceptible patient who successfully received restorative dental treatment with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. We suggest that this may be a safe alternative to consider in patients who have an aversion to chemical anesthetic agents.
Queueing Models with Backup Servers and Service Breakdowns

In this paper we consider two models in which more than one server is available to service a queue, but only one server at a time is actually used. All servers are subject to breakdown, and are repaired one at a time. We consider the case where servers can only breakdown when they are servicing the queue, and we then consider the case where they can breakdown at any time. In one model there are two ranked servers, a primary server and a backup server; when operable, the primary server always serves the queue. In the second model, there are finite number of identical unranked servers. We find methods for determining the queue length distribution by matrix-geometric methods.
TRENDS IN VOLUME-OUTCOMES RELATIONSHIP OF HEART TRANSPLANTATION IN THE UNITED STATES: A 5-YEAR PERSPECTIVE

Multiple reports have demonstrated superior outcomes at high-volume hospitals in patients undergoing heart transplant. However, comprehensive analyses on trends in hospital procedure numbers in recent years are lacking. We performed analysis of the Nationwide (National) Inpatient Sample (NIS) from
Afrocentricity of the Whole: Bringing Women and LGBTQIA Voices in from the Theoretical Margins

This chapter explores the marginalization of Black female voices and Black LGBTQIA voices within the Africana Studies discipline. Exploring prominent scholars and theory within the discipline, this chapter examines the implications of a cisgender heteronormative male-centered discipline on the future of research. The writers appeal to future scholars and argue that there must be inclusivity in the voice and perspective within Africana Studies for the continued development and growth of the discipline.
Improved generalized Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST) for model assessment

The Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST) can be used to calculate the relative variance contribution of model input parameters to the variance of predictions made with functional models. It is widely used in the analyses of complicated process modeling systems. This study provides an improved transformation procedure of the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST) for non-uniform distributions that can be used to represent the input parameters. Here it is proposed that the cumulative probability be used instead of probability density when transforming non-uniform distributions for FAST. This improvement will increase the accuracy of transformation by reducing errors, and makes the transformation more convenient to be used in practice. In an evaluation of the procedure, the improved procedure was demonstrated to have very high accuracy in comparison to the procedure that is currently widely in use.
A Model for Reactions in Turbulent Jets: Effects of Reynolds, Schmidt, and Damköhler Numbers

Data from several recent experiments on mixing and chemical reactions in turbulent shear layers and jets is discussed in detail and used to formulate a picture of the path from the freestream to the molecularly mixed State. A model is proposed which incorporates the essential steps in this path and which appears to provide a framework for understanding the major effects of Reynolds, Schmidt, and Damkohler numbers on the chemical reaction. A simplified version of the model reproduces the observed Reynolds number dependence of nitric oxide production in turbulent fuel jets.
Consensus AP-1 and CRE motifs upstream from the human cytotoxic serine protease B (CSP-B/CGL-1) gene synergize to activate transcription

The human CGL-1/cytotoxic serine protease B gene (CSP-B; also known as granzyme B) is transcriptionally activated during cytotoxic T- lymphocyte maturation. Activation can be mimicked in the PEER T-cell leukemia cell line by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate (TPA) and N6–2′-O-dibutyryladenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (bt2cAMP). In this report, we show that a consensus AP-1 element and a consensus cAMP response element (CRE) located 5′ to the CSP-B transcriptional start site are both required for transcriptional activation of the CPS-B promoter in TPA + bt2cAMP-stimulated PEER cells. A 94-bp fragment containing both elements activates a heterologous promoter in an orientation-independent fashion. Several single nucleotide substitutions in the AP-1 site abolish activity of the 94-bp fragment. Several point mutations in the consensus CRE substantially reduce promoter activity, but one CRE mutation increases activity fourfold. Replacement of the CRE with a second copy of the AP- 1 site results in a level of transcriptional activity comparable with that of the wild-type sequence, but replacement of the AP-1 site with a CRE abolishes activity. Neither the AP-1 site nor the CRE can be effectively replaced with an SP-1 site. Deletions between the AP-1 site and the CRE retain full activity only if helical spacing is preserved, suggesting that synergism between these two elements is either the result of cooperative binding of factors to the DNA or of cooperative binding of DNA-bound factors to another protein.
Studies of hypothermic circulatory arrest and low flow bypass as used for congenital heart surgery

Following the pioneering studies of hypothermia by Bigelow (4) and the demonstration by Barratt-Boyes (2) that profound hypothermic circulatory arrest could be used to facilitate repair of complex cardiac anomalies in infancy, hypothermie circulatory arrest has been widely applied. The technique has been used in many centers for cardiac procedures in children with congenital heart problems as well as in adults with acquired conditions such as aortic arch aneurysms. Although many studies have attempted to define the risk of brain injury associated with circulatory arrest, they have suffered from a number of study design inadequacies, particularly the heterogeneous nature of the patient population studied. Other limitations have included retrospective study design, nonuniform neuro-psychometric testing methods and irrelevance to modern methods of cardiopulmonary bypass such as membrane oxygenators. In fact, refinements in the technique of cardiopulmonary bypass have meant that support modalities other than circulatory arrest such as low flow hypothermie bypass have become increasingly attractive.
Psychological and Behavioral Disorders in Dysfunctional Feeding: Identification and Management

Feeding disorders are complex stemming from various underlying etiologies which may combine medical, oral motor, and behavioral factors that frequently have negative effects on growth and nutrition. Due to this complexity, assessments and treatments often are conducted according to a multidisciplinary care model. It is not uncommon for significant feeding difficulties to continue, even after other medical and skills and safety-related issues are resolved or well managed. Behavioral therapy is widely supported as the most effective approach to the treatment of pediatric feeding problems once other concerns have been adequately addressed. This chapter focuses on prevalence and etiology, behavioral conceptualization, and behavioral treatment. Strategies for the implementation of behavioral treatment and the ideal settings in which behavioral therapy may occur are discussed. Considerations of integrating behavioral specialists into a broader multidisciplinary care model are considered.
Respiratory medicine in Nunavut and Northern Canada

Relatively little is known about Inuit health pre-colonization. Health has formed a major part of the history of colonization; both in terms of new exposures to infectious diseases — particularly r...
Tβ4–Ac-SDKP pathway: Any relevance for the cardiovascular system?

The last 20 years witnessed the emergence of the thymosin β4 (Tβ4)–N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) pathway as a new source of future therapeutic tools to treat cardiovascular and re...
Ubiquitination as a Key Regulator of Endosomal Signaling by GPCRs

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of therapeutic targets for FDA approved drugs. Therefore, understanding the molecular regulation of their signaling pathways is of paramount importance. Similarly, the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is a critical mediator of proinflammatory disease. Yet despite decades of intense investigation, therapeutically viable inhibitors have struggled to make it into the clinic. New studies describing the regulation and activation of a GPCR dependent atypical p38 signaling pathway represents a novel therapeutic avenue to the treatment of many proinflammatory disorders. These recent studies have defined how thrombin and ADP can induce Src dependent activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2. Src dependent phosphorylation of a 2,3-linker peptide releases NEDD4-2 auto-inhibition and triggers the induction of proinflammatory atypical p38 signaling from the endosome. Activation of the atypical p38 pathway requires the direct interaction between an adaptor protein TAB1 and p38, that bypasses the requirement for the classical MKK3/6 dependent activation of p38. Therefore, providing a mechanism to specifically block proinflammatory GPCR atypical p38 activation while leaving basic p38 activity intact. Critically, new studies demonstrated that disruption of the TAB1-p38 interface is a druggable target, that would enable the selective inhibition of proinflammatory p38 signaling and ischemic injury. Atypical p38 signaling is linked to multiple clinically relevant pathologies including inflammation, cardiotoxicity, myocardial ischemia and ischemia reperfusion injury. Therefore, GPCR induced endosomal p38 signaling represents a novel understudied branch of proinflammatory p38 signaling and an ideal potential therapeutic target that warrants further investigation.
Radio-frequency radiation safety and health: The new IEEE standard for human exposure to radio-frequency radiation and the current ICNIRP guidelines

On October 3, 2005, the IEEE Standards Association formally approved a new IEEE C95.1 “Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz.” Official publication of the standard by the IEEE was expected by late 2005, or soon thereafter. It is likely that by the time this column appears in print, the formal publication already may have taken place. In any event, the newly approved standard represents a complete revision of and replaces IEEE C95.1-1991. Note that there had been several amendments in the interim, notably in 1999.
Reaching Out to Our Online Students in Order to Engage Them

This session will cover some of the tricks and tips on how to make sure our online students stay in constant contact with their classmates, their group members and the instructor. Different ways will be explored on how to make sure that our online students are not forgetting assignments, misreading directions, and are very active in the course. The workshop/presentation will help faculty members understand the role of the instructor in teaching an online course.
Analysis of tension-tunable clamped–clamped piezoelectric beams for harvesting energy from wind and vibration:

This article presents a nonlinear structural modeling framework to analyze a tensioned doubly clamped energy harvesting device. The device is investigated for energy harvesting under base excitatio...
A cell based vaccine strategy that enhances dendritic cell activation, migration and antigen uptake

684 Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen presenting cells capable of inducing a primary T-cell response. In the context of antigen presentation, GM-CSF and immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides synergistically enhance a tumor antigen-specific immune response. We have previously shown that our whole tumor cell vaccine strategy based on irradiated (20Gy) GM-CSF-secreting B16 cells admixed with CpG 1826 (200ug) significantly inhibited tumor growth and resulted in complete cure in 40% of mice. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of this strategy on DC activation, migration and Ag uptake. Control (un-vaccinated) mice were compared to mice receiving irradiated cells with GM-CSF alone or with CpG alone or with a combination of GM-CSF plus CpG. The vital dye CFSE was used to track intra-peritoneal DC in vivo. Briefly, 150ul of CFSE (5mM) was administered with vaccine (Irradiated GM-CSF-secreting B16 cells plus CpG) or alone. Eighteen hours later, splenocytes were harvested, stained with CD11c-PE and analyzed by flow cytometry. GM-CSF plus CpG synergistically enhanced splenic DC expression of activation markers including MHCII, CD86, CD40 and CD54. DC migration from the vaccination site (peritoneal cavity) to the spleen was enhanced 7 fold by GM-CSF and CpG. Furthermore, by double staining B16 tumor cells with CFSE (cytoplasm) and DiD (cell membrane) we found that CD11c+ DC’s engulfed both components of the irradiated cells and effectively transported them to the spleen. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that splenic DCs from mice receiving both GM-CSF and CpG expressed the highest levels of TLR9, IL-12, IL-6, and IFN-γ. These findings suggest that our in vivo vaccine strategy targets DCs for activation, migration and antigen uptake. GM-CSF and CpG synergistically enhance the favorable environment for T-cell activation induced by expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines.
Retinal pigment epithelium transcriptome analysis in chronic smoking reveals a suppressed innate immune response and activation of differentiation pathways

Cigarette smoking, a powerful mixture of chemical oxidants, is the strongest environmental risk factor for developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness among the elderly in western societies. Despite intensive study, the full impact of smoking on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a central cell type involved in AMD pathobiology, remains unknown. The relative contribution of the known dysfunctional pathways to AMD, at what stage they are most pathogenic, or whether other processes are relevant, is poorly understood, and furthermore, whether smoking activates them, is unknown. We performed global RNA-sequencing of the RPE from C57BL/6J mice exposed to chronic cigarette smoke for 6 months to identify potential pathogenic and cytoprotective pathways. The RPE transcriptome induced by chronic cigarette smoking exhibited a mixed response of marked suppression of the innate immune response including type I and II interferons and upregulation of cell differentiation and morphogenic gene clusters, suggesting an attempt by the RPE to maintain its differentiated state despite smoke-induced injury. Given that mice exposed to chronic smoke develop early features of AMD, these novel findings are potentially relevant to the transition from aging to AMD.
Trading Room Educational Programs: Issues And Recommendations

The last few decades have witnessed the transformation of financial markets in the United States. Electronic trading markets have now surpassed floor-based trading systems in terms of both trading volume and importance. The growth in technology-driven markets has led universities to evaluate and establish financial trading rooms in their College or School of Business. In this paper we discuss the purpose of such a room, the need for one, and how such a room fits into the overall mission of ‘excellence in teaching’ of a general College or School of Business. We find that the two most important factors to consider for a successful trading room program are faculty and curriculum.
Chemoenzymatic Generation of Phospholipid Membranes Mediated by Type I Fatty Acid Synthase

The de novo formation of lipid membranes from minimal reactive precursors is a major goal in synthetic cell research. In nature, the synthesis of membrane phospholipids is orchestrated by numerous enzymes, including fatty acid synthases and membrane-bound acyltransferases. However, these enzymatic pathways are difficult to fully reproduce in vitro. As such, the reconstitution of phospholipid membrane synthesis from simple metabolic building blocks remains a challenge. Here, we describe a chemoenzymatic strategy for lipid membrane generation that utilizes a soluble bacterial fatty acid synthase (cgFAS I) to synthesize palmitoyl-CoA in situ from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. The fatty acid derivative spontaneously reacts with a cysteine-modified lysophospholipid by native chemical ligation (NCL), affording a noncanonical amidophospholipid that self-assembles into micron-sized membrane-bound vesicles. To our knowledge, this is the first example of reconstituting phospholipid membrane formation directly from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors. Our results demonstrate that combining the specificity and efficiency of a type I fatty acid synthase with a highly selective bioconjugation reaction provides a biomimetic route for the de novo formation of membrane-bound vesicles.
The Gist of a Rathke’s Cleft Cyst

A child with a Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC) can present asymptomatically, or with headaches, visual complaints, and pituitary hormone deficiencies. The diagnosis must be differentiated from a cystic craniopharyngioma as well as adenomas, arachnoid cysts, and xanthogranulomas. A computerized tomography (CT) scan can help to distinguish a RCC from a cystic craniopharyngioma where calcifications are common. A RCC can be monitored conservatively if neuro-ophthalmological evaluation is normal and there is no additional central nervous system (CNS) concerns. We showcase a 9-year-old male who presented with polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and growth failure. He is found to have a RCC with associated diabetes insipidus (DI), central hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, and growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Over the ensuing 3 years, his RCC continued to decrease in size as did the degree of hyperprolactinemia. However, the hypothyroidism, GH deficiency, and DI continued. This chapter reviews the presentation and diagnosis of RCC and considerations for therapy.
BayesCTDesign: An R Package for Bayesian Trial Design Using Historical Control Data

This article introduces the R package BayesCTDesign for two-arm randomized Bayesian trial design using historical control data when available, and simple two-arm randomized Bayesian trial design when historical control data is not available. The package BayesCTDesign, which is available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network, has two simulation functions, historic_sim() and simple_sim() for studying trial characteristics under user-defined scenarios, and two methods print() and plot() for displaying summaries of the simulated trial characteristics. The package BayesCTDesign works with two-arm trials with equal sample sizes per arm. The package BayesCTDesign allows a user to study Gaussian, Poisson, Bernoulli, Weibull, lognormal, and piecewise exponential outcomes. Power for two-sided hypothesis tests at a user-defined α is estimated via simulation using a test within each simulation replication that involves comparing a 95% credible interval for the outcome specific treatment effect measure to the null case value. If the 95% credible interval excludes the null case value, then the null hypothesis is rejected, else the null hypothesis is accepted. In the article, the idea of including historical control data in a Bayesian analysis is reviewed, the estimation process of BayesCTDesign is explained, and the user interface is described. Finally, the BayesCTDesign is illustrated via several examples.
DIII-D Neutral Beam Pole Shields Design Including Copper Plate with Removable Molybdenum Insert

The neutral beam copper pole shields currently in service at DIII-D have experienced localized melting and fatigue cracks in the grooves machined in the back of the copper plates. Higher power is n...
Cognitive processes in hoarding: The role of rumination

Abstract Rumination, defined as an individual's repetitive negative cognitions of upsetting symptoms in response to distress, has been established as an important cognitive vulnerability factor within various forms of psychopathology. Despite compelling data to suggest that rumination is associated with a number of mood and anxiety-related conditions, no research to date has examined the relationship between rumination and hoarding. Participants consisted of 275 undergraduate students as well as 106 individuals recruited from the community to participate in a larger randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of a computerized treatment targeting specific risk factors associated with anxiety and suicide. Consistent with initial prediction, results indicated that rumination was a significant predictor of hoarding severity, even after controlling for overall general levels of depression. These findings add to a growing body of literature identifying various cognitive vulnerability factors important for the development and maintenance of hoarding. Increasing our knowledge of cognitive vulnerability factors has import implications for the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders.
The User's Perspective: What Does the British Stammering Association look for in Research? After Dinner Speech at ODC2014☆

Abstract This paper is the after dinner speech given by Mr Norbert Lieckfeldt, the Chief Executive Officer of the British Stammering Association (BSA). In his address, Mr Lieckfeldt presented the views of users with regard to research in the field of stammering. He outlined the concerns of the BSA with respect to services for people who stammer and presented a wish list and series of challenges for researchers and clinicians
Satellite observations of Schumann resonances in the Earth's ionosphere

[1] Using electric field measurements gathered on the C/NOFS satellite, we report, Schumann resonance signatures detected in space, well beyond the upper boundary of the resonant cavity formed by the earth's surface and the lower edge of the ionosphere. The resonances are routinely observed in the satellite ELF data during nighttime conditions within the altitude region of 400–850 km sampled by the satellite. They exhibit the distinctive frequency patterns predicted for Schumann resonances and are consistent with the corresponding frequency characteristics of ground-based observations of this phenomenon. The observations of Schumann resonances in space support a leaky cavity interpretation of the ionosphere and call for revisions of models of extremely low frequency wave propagation in the ionosphere. They suggest new remote sensing capabilities for investigating atmospheric electricity on Earth and other planets.
Analysis of scatterometer observations of Saharan ergs using a simple rough facet model

The Sahara desert includes large expanses of sand dunes called ergs. These dunes are formed and constantly reshaped by prevailing winds. Previous study shows that Saharan ergs exhibit significant radar backscatter (sigmadeg) modulation with azimuth angle (Phi). We use sigmadeg measurements observed at various incidence angles (thetas) and Phi from the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT), the Seawinds scatterometer aboard QuikSCAT (QS-CAT), the ERS scatterometer (ESCAT) and the Tropical Rain Monitoring Mission's Precipitation Radar (TRMM-PR) to model the sigmadeg response from sand dunes. Sand dunes are modeled as a composite of tilted rough facets and small ripples. The dune fields are modeled as composed of many simple dunes. The sigmadeg measured by the scatterometer from (thetas, Phi) look direction is the sum of the returns from all the rough facets in the footprint. The model is applied to linear and transverse dunes with rough facets and Gaussian tilt distributions. The model results in a sigmadeg response similar to the NSCAT and ESCAT observations over areas of known dune types in the Sahara. This analysis gives a unique insight into scattering by large scale sand bedforms
Collaboration and Performance: Perspectives From Public Managers and NGO Leaders

ABSTRACT:This article reports on exploratory, mixed-method research using three different datasets to provide a qualitative comparison describing how U.S. local public managers, U.S. federal public managers, and U.S.-based transnational NGO leaders understand the links between collaboration and performance. We augment a growing literature within the field of public administration, which has rarely undertaken comparative cross-sectoral examinations of collaboration and performance, and has largely neglected the perspectives of transnational NGO leaders. Insights are compiled from multiple waves of surveys and interviews with leaders from the U.S. federal Senior Executive Service (n = 305), the International City/County Management Association (n = 1,417), and U.S.-based transnational NGOs (n = 152). Mixed-method analysis reveals that for all three groups of respondents, the perceived positive link between collaboration and performance is the main catalyst for engaging in collaboration as a management strate...
Embodying Meaning in Bio-cognitive Aid Design

Through analysis involving components of theory, concept, and semantics, we synthesize a set of insights and relations existing through embodiment that have applicability to the design of cognitive aids. Of note, we explore the areas of embodied interaction, embodied user interfaces, and embodied cognition. Additionally, we demonstrate how meaning is created and distributed in and through the areas. We then apply findings to the development of an embodied user interface developed to cognitively aid in renovation projects.
Dynamic Task Selection: A Simple Structure for Multirobot Systems

We present a simple architecture capable of use in a wide variety of applications by focusing on basic principles of efficient decentralized operation. The resulting robust architecture is called dynamic task selection. We present an experiment that shows the ability of the system to work properly when some robots fail. It also shows the ability to add new robots dynamically while other robots are already performing a mission.
That flashing sound

Sonoluminescence is the light emitted by a collapsing gas bubble in a strong acoustic field. Despite the large amount of observational data, no clear agreement exists on the mechanism by which this light is generated. In his research commentary, Metcalf discusses results to be published in Physical Review Letters on time-resolved spectroscopy of sonoluminescence. The findings indicate that the collapsing bubble becomes what is known as a "cold" dense plasma, which then emits light of extremely short duration.
Retrospective-Cost-Based Adaptive Input and State Estimation for the Ionosphere–Thermosphere

The upper atmosphere is a strongly driven system in which the global state is rapidly altered by the solar drivers. One of the main drivers of the upper atmosphere is the solar irradiance in the extreme ultraviolet and x-ray bands. The solar irradiance in these bands is proxied by ground-based measurements of F10.7, which is the solar irradiance at the wavelength of 10.7 cm. The problem of estimating F10.7 and physical states in the upper atmosphere is considered by assimilating the neutral density measurements in the global ionosphere–thermosphere model and using retrospective-cost adaptive input and state estimation. Retrospective-cost adaptive input and state estimation is a non-Bayesian estimator that estimates the input by minimizing the difference between the estimator output and the output of the physical system. In this paper, we use retrospective-cost adaptive input and state estimation to estimate F10.7 using simulated data as well as real satellite data.
Patterns of Failure Following Treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme and Anaplastic Astrocytoma

Recurrence patterns of glioblastoma multiforme (25) and anaplastic astrocytoma (9) were studied using CT scans of 34 patients who received all or a portion of their surgical treatment at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from January 1983 through February 1987. Thirty-two patients presented with unifocal tumors and two with multifocal tumors. All patients received radiation therapy following initial surgery. Eighteen patients who underwent re-operation following CT evidence of recurrence had histologic verification of recurrent tumor; sixteen patients had radiographic evidence of recurrence only. Seventy-eight percent (25/32) of unifocal tumors recurred within 2.0 cm of the pre-surgical, initial tumor margin, defined as the enhancing edge of the tumor on CT scan. Fifty-six percent (18/32) of tumors recurred within 1.0 cm of the initial tumor margin. Tumors for which a gross total resection was accomplished tended to recur closer to the initial tumor margin than did subtotally resected tumors (p greater than 0.1). Extensive pre-operative edema was associated with a decreased distance between initial and recurrent tumor margins. Large tumors were generally not more likely to recur further from the initial tumor margin than were smaller tumors. No unifocal tumor recurred as a multifocal tumor. Only one tumor (initially near the midline) recurred in the contralateral hemisphere. The findings support the use of partial brain irradiation for post-operative treatment of glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytomas, and may help to determine the most appropriate treatment volume for interstitial irradiation.
Developing Correspondence between Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior: Switching Sequences

Preschool children in a free-play situation experienced two training situations where verbal and nonverbal behaviors were reinforced: doing then saying and saying then doing. The effects of these two sequences on the training of correspondence was examined. Correspondence was defined as the presence of both the verbal and nonverbal target behaviors. Children experienced two doing-saying sequences followed by one saying-doing sequence. Initially, reinforcement of both verbal and nonverbal behavior produced significantly higher rates of correspondence than reinforcement of verbal behavior alone. However, during the second activity reinforcement of verbal behavior alone was sufficient to produce higher levels of correspondence. Switching the sequences of behaviors to saying-doing during the third activity, produced results similar to those obtained for the first activity. The results are discussed in terms of training “generalized” correspondence; specifically, the effect learning a doing-saying sequence had...
Plate coupling variation and block translation in the Andreanof segment of the Aleutian arc determined by subduction zone modeling using GPS data

[1] We use GPS measurements in the first geodetic study of plate coupling on the Andreanof segment, Aleutian subduction zone. Convergence of 7.3 cm/yr at the subduction zone results in northwestward displacements greater than 1 cm/yr at stations located on the west end of the Andreanof region, but velocities at the east end are smaller in magnitude and oriented west-southwest. These velocity variations are caused by differences in plate coupling along the subduction zone, which correlate with the rupture zones of the 1986 and 1996 Mw8 earthquakes. We construct a dislocation model to estimate the velocity of the arc in the Andreanof region relative to North America, and fault plane coupling coefficients. Our best model shows a southwestward velocity of 7.8 mm/yr, a high degree of coupling in the main thrust zone at the west end of the subduction zone, and little to no coupling at the east end.
Cardiac tamponade in patients infected with HIV : a report from an inner-city hospital

Thirty-seven consecutive cases of cardiac tamponade occurring over a 6-year period were retrospectively studied from January 1986 to December 1991 in an inner-city public teaching hospital. All episodes were secondary to medical illnesses. Thirteen (35 percent) of 37 patients had HIV infection. Significant differences (HIV vs non-HIV) in clinical presentation were noted in the following parameters: (1) age (34 ±7 years vs 56 ±14 years, p
Properties of Triiodothyronine Binding Sites in Cerebral Cortical Cytosol

Some properties of brain cytosol components that specifically bind L-triiodothyronine (T3) were examined in order to resolve their relevance and relationship to nuclear receptors. A marked variation in T3 binding activity was apparent among different brain areas. Binding exhibited temperature dependence and was maximal at 0°C. The binding component was shown to be a protein that migrated as a single included peak on Sephadex G-100 columns at a position corresponding to a Stokes radius of 30A and a M. W. of 54,000. On a linear glycerol gradient the T3-macromolecular complex was estimated to have a sedimentation constant of 4.2S. By combining sedimentation and gel filtration data the calculated M. W. was 53,000. With DEAE-cellulose chromatography the T3 complex eluted as a single peak at 115mM KH2PO4. The results indicate that the properties of the cytosol thyronine- binding protein are similar in many respects to those reported for nuclear receptors. In addition, the regional and developmental binding para...
2,5-Hexanedione-induced changes in the monomeric neurofilament protein content of rat spinal cord fractions

Quantitative morphometric analyses have demonstrated that axon atrophy is the primary neuropathic feature in the CNS and PNS of rats intoxicated with 2,5-hexanedione (HD). Axon caliber is maintained by the exchange of mobile neurofilament (NF) subunits with the stationary polymer and, therefore, HD might produce atrophy by disrupting cytoskeletal turnover. To evaluate this possibility, groups of rats were exposed to HD at dosing schedules (175 mg/kg × 101 days or 400 mg/kg × 26 days) that produced moderate levels of neurological deficits and prevalent axon atrophy in spinal cord white matter tracts. Lumbar spinal cord regions from HD-intoxicated rats and their age-matched controls were Triton-extracted and separated by differential fractionation into a low-speed, insoluble pellet (P1) of NF polymer and a high-speed supernatant fraction (S2), which presumably contained mobile monomer. Cytoskeletal protein contents (NF-L, -M, -H, and β-tubulin) in each fraction were determined by immunoblot analysis. Results show that regardless of HD dose-rate, the NF polymer in P1 remained unaffected, although soluble monomer in the S2 fraction was depleted significantly (60–80% reduction). Fractional β-tubulin contents were inconsistently affected and abnormal higher-molecular-weight NF proteins were detected in the P1 fraction only. Studies with antibodies directed against phosphorylated (RT97) and nonphosphorylated (SMI32) epitopes on NF-H and measurements of corresponding isoelectric range suggested that alterations in phosphorylation were not involved. The selective depletion of Triton-soluble protein suggested that HD adduction of NFs interfered with the dynamic interactions of the polymeric and mobile monomeric pools.
Electronic spectroscopy, lifetimes, and barrier to linearity in the A˜1B1←X˜1A1 system of dibromocarbene

Abstract Using an improved discharge recipe for the production of dibromocarbene (CBr 2 ), we recently reassigned the electronic origin of the A ˜ 1 B 1 ← X ˜ 1 A 1 system, based on an extensive data set of isotope shifts for the pure bending transitions [C. Tao, C. Mukarakate, D. Brusse, Y. Mishchenko, S. A. Reid, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 240 (2006) 139–140]. In this study, we report the complete analysis of the fluorescence excitation spectrum of the A ˜ 1 B 1 ← X ˜ 1 A 1 system in the 525–650 nm region, obtained at a rotational temperature of ∼10 K. A total of 32 cold bands involving the pure bending levels 2 0 n with n = 2–19 and combination bands 1 0 1 2 0 n ( n = 1–16) in the A ˜ 1 B 1 ← X ˜ 1 A 1 system were observed; a number of these are reported here for the first time. Rotational analysis typically yielded A rotational constants and band origins for all three bromine isotopomers (C 79 Br 2 , C 79 Br 81 Br, C 81 Br 2 ), and Dunham expansion fits yielded an extensive set of vibrational parameters for each. The isotope shifts are in good agreement with the product rule, and, when plotted vs. bending quantum number, the measured A constants follow a linear trend except for the highest bending levels, where an abrupt increase is observed, indicative of the approach to linearity. This is mirrored in the vibrational intervals, which also change abruptly in this region, and the estimated barrier height of ∼18 800 cm −1 above the vibrationless level of the X ˜ 1 A 1 state is in excellent agreement with the ab initio prediction of Sendt and Bacskay [K. Sendt, G.B. Bacskay, J. Chem. Phys. 112 (2000) 2227–2238]. We also report fluorescence lifetimes as a function of vibrational level and K a ′ ; the lifetimes decrease rapidly with energy, but display no dependence on K a ′ over the measured range. The implications of these results for understanding the excited state structure of this prototypical carbene are emphasized.
Greatly enhanced eccentricity oscillations in quadruple systems composed of two binaries: implications for stars, planets and transients

We study the orbital evolution of hierarchical quadruple systems composed of two binaries on a long mutual orbit, where each binary acts as a Kozai-Lidov (KL) perturber on the other. We find that the coupling between the two binaries qualitatively changes the behavior of their KL cycles. The binaries can experience coherent eccentricity oscillations as well as excursions to very high eccentricity that occur over a much larger fraction of the parameter space than in triple systems. For a ratio of outer to inner semi-major axes of 10 to 20, about 30 to 50% of equal-mass quadruples reach eccentricity 1-e < 10^{-3} in one of the binaries. This is about 4 to 12 times more than for triples with equivalent parameters. Orbital "flips" and collisions without previous tidal interaction are similarly enhanced in quadruples relative to triples. We argue that the frequency of evolutionary paths influenced by KL cycles is comparable in the triple and quadruple populations even though field quadruples are a factor of ~5 less frequent than triples. Additionally, quadruples might be a non-negligible source of triples and provide fundamentally new evolutionary outcomes involving close binaries, mergers, collisions, and associated transients, which occur without any fine tuning of parameters. Finally, we study the perturbations to a planetary orbit due to a distant binary and we find that the fraction of orbital flips is a factor of 3 to 4 higher than for the corresponding triple system given our fiducial parameters with implications for hot Jupiters and star-planet collisions.
Construction of isogenic cell lines expressing human and rat angiotensin II AT1 receptors by cre-mediated site-specific recombination

Abstract The Cre site-specific recombinase of coliphage P1 is functional in eukaryotic cells and can precisely direct integration of exogenous DNA to a predesignated chromosomal target containing the Cre recognition site termed lox. To exploit this system for the production of isogenic cell lines expressing heterologous genes, we have constructed cDNA lox targeting vectors. Using a CHO cell line containing a solitary lox target, we have inserted into the genome a single copy of the angiotensin AT1 receptor gene from both rat (two isoforms) and human (one isoform). Isogenic, single-copy cell lines that produce a functional angiotensin receptor and that differ only in the structural AT1 gene being expressed can thus be generated.
Zooplankton of the Sandy Hook Bay Area, N.J.1

The distribution and abundance of surface zooplankton in the Sandy Hook Bay area were studied biweekly from May 1969 through May 1970. This embayment is located within the commercially valuable New York Bight. The volumetric mean of the plankton ranged from 0.2-5.3 cc/m3, with a survey mean of 1.8 cc/m3. A maximum crop of 52,002 organisms/m3 was collected in May 1970. Calanoid copepods were the dominant forms recovered in this survey; however, in May, planktonic harpacticoid copepods atypically comprised over 50% of the population. A general salinity classification of the copepods is presented.
An Evaluation of Interest Congruence Indices: Distribution Characteristics and Measurement Properties.

Abstract This article first presents research that compares 10 extant measures of interest congruence, derived from Holland′s (1985a) theory of career choice, for their underlying distribution characteristics and their abilities to discriminate among subtle but important differences in person-environment congruence. Using simulated data, we show that (a) none of the three-letter code measures are sensitive to differences among persons across the entire possible range of congruence scores, and (b) with one exception (Kwak & Pulvino, 1982), they are incapable of making fine distinctions among persons with like, but out of order, three-letter person and environment codes. In a second study, we present a new measure of interest congruence that retains the advantages of the Kwak and Pulvino measure, but is easier to calculate. Results are discussed in terms of how users can choose among measures, and needed areas for future research on the new measure and on congruence measurement in general.
Shaken Confidence: The Effects of an Authority Figure's Flirtatiousness on Women's and Men's Self-Rated Creativity:

Anecdotal evidence suggests that sexual harassment may cause women to doubt their abilities, attributing their success to their professor's or supervisor's attraction to them rather than to their qualifications. Two experiments assessed whether a decrease in confidence could result from something as seemingly harmless as flirting. In Experiment 1, a male confederate posing as an advertising executive asked 56 female students to draw an advertisement, which he then praised. He behaved either flirtatiously or neutrally. In Experiment 2, female and male students interacted with a flirtatious or neutral advertisement executive of the other gender. In both experiments, women's self-creativity ratings decreased significantly more from pre-to posttest in the flirtatious condition than in the control condition. Men were affected less than women by the ad executive's flirtatiousness. The results suggest that flirtatiousness by an authority figure may have negative consequences for women's self-confidence.
A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study on the Effect of Methanol on the Structural Characteristics of Lipid Bilayers

To further our understanding on the water permeation process through a lipid bilayer membrane in the presence of a commonly used cryoprotective agent (methanol), we performed detailed molecular dynamics simulation (MD) studies. The MD simulations analyzed the influence of methanol (12 mol %) on the structure of a fully hydrated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in the fluid phase and under equilibrium conditions at 323K.© 2005 ASME
Perceptual processing of nontargets in an attention task

The capability of nontargets to qualitatively influence the semantic processing of coincident targets was investigated in three experiments. Subjects were aurally presented a series of word pairs and attempted to detect homonymic instances of a predesignated category (e.g., animals). The nontarget with which a target (e.g., ANT) was paired was appropriate (e.g., CRAWLING), inappropriate (e.g., UNCLE), or neutral (e.g., STRAW). Experiments 1 and 2 established that detection of targets can be facilitated by appropriate nontargets and inhibited by inappropriate ones. Thus, nontargets can influence the way in which targets are semantically represented. Experiment 3 showed that this effect is eliminated when subjects are precued as to the ear of entry of targets. Thus, precuing appears to curtail the perceptual processing of nontargets. The data run counter to theories that claim that focused attention does not entail the perceptual suppression of nontargets.