cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mutually Normalizing Regular Permutation Groups and Zappa-Szep Extensions of the Holomorph

For a group $G$, embedded in its group of permutations $B=Perm(G)$ via the left regular representation $\lambda:G\rightarrow B$, the normalizer of $\lambda(G)$ in $B$ is $\operatorname{Hol}(G)$, the holomorph of $G$. The set $\mathcal{H}(G)$ of those regular $N\leq \operatorname{Hol}(G)$ such that $N\cong G$ and $\operatorname{Norm}_B(N)=\operatorname{Hol}(G)$ is keyed to the structure of the so-called multiple holomorph of $G$, $N\!Hol(G)=\operatorname{Norm}_B(\operatorname{Hol}(G))$, in that $\mathcal{H}(G)$ is the set of conjugates of $\lambda(G)$ by $N\!Hol(G)$. We wish to generalize this by considering a certain set $\mathcal{Q}(G)$ consisting of regular subgroups $M\leq \operatorname{Hol}(G)$, where $M\cong G$, that contains $\mathcal{H}(G)$ with the property that its members mutually normalize each other. This set will generally give rise to a group $Q\!\operatorname{Hol}(G)$ which we will call the quasi-holomorph of $G$, where the orbit of $\lambda(G)$ under $Q\!\operatorname{Hol}(G)$ is $\mathcal{Q}(G)$. The multiple holomorph is a group extension of $\operatorname{Hol}(G)$ and the quasi-holomorph will contain $N\!Hol(G)$, but, when larger than $N\!Hol(G)$, is frequently a Zappa-Szep product with the holomorph.
Selected Medical Issues in Basketball: Diabetes, Allergies, Asthma, and Dermatologic Issues

Basketball athletes are at risk for the same medical issues as the general population, and some dermatologic issues are more at risk. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus, allergies, and asthma in basketball athletes as it may be subtle and may adversely impact their performance. Lifestyle modifications, avoidance of offending allergens, and medication management can allow basketball athletes to participate and perform at a high level. Recognizing dermatologic conditions early can help prevent lost time.
Black Lives and the Police.

Abstract Introduction: Protests and the call to action in the aftermath of the deaths of Black citizens at the hands of police officers have reawakened the consciousness of American society on policing and the need for reforms. Racism in policing has a long history dating back to slave patrols following the Civil War. Criminal anti Black police behavior violates the police oath to “protect and defend” all individuals. Materials and methods: This forum was convened to gain a better appreciation for the challenges of community policing and patterns of violence against Black citizens. Members of the forum including police leaders and legal authorities were presented with a series of questions related to various aspects of policing including training of police officers, how their units would have responded to the recent episodes of police violence against Black people, and what are the legal arguments for victims and police officers accused of excessive use of force? The panel deliberated and discussed remedies for reimagining and reforming policing to prevent excessive use of force that leads to repetitive patterns of loss of life in communities of color. Conclusion: The forum panel concluded that reimagining policing especially at the community level will require multiple strategies that must include recruitment of a diverse group of police officers who can better represent their communities and society. As important, is better screening, testing and vetting of applicants to the police academy to route out those individuals who may demonstrate the potential for adverse behaviors antithetical to the police oath to protect and defend all people regardless of race and/or ethnicity.
The Political Patterns of Bail Reform

In this introduction to the Wake Forest Law Review’s symposium on pretrial detention reform, we examine the politics of the issue at the state and local levels. First, reforms in different places do not all share the same objectives. Some places seek less pretrial detention, while others wish to eliminate the use of cash bail that releases dangerous wealthy people and incarcerates other people solely for being poor. Second, localism is a powerful force in the choice of reform methods. There is no single sequence of reforms that state and local governments have followed to protect pretrial liberty. Even if the recent proposal from the Uniform Law Commission were to become a uniform statutory floor nationwide, some jurisdictions would nonetheless pursue more ambitious reforms. Local variety is necessary because poorer and less-populated places have fewer tools for change. They have less access to data for monitoring their work and fewer community partners who can develop alternatives to incarceration. In more populated areas, caseload pressure often determines the changes to pretrial detention practices that are workable and attractive. For these reasons, local variations in reform strategies follow familiar patterns: identifiable local coalitions tend to work together to advocate for groups of reforms that fit the local situation. We think that is very much to the good.
A Comparison of Keynes’s General Theory Model of IS – LM in Chapter 21 and the 1934 Draft Copy of the General Theory: Keynes Made a Major Conceptual Improvement

Keynes made major improvements in the manner in which he presented his IS-LM model in the General Theory in February 1936 when compared to the 1934 Draft copy of June–July Keynes’s improvements were with respect to the specification of the Consumption function, marginal propensity to consume, and investment multiplier and removing the variable, W, which stood for the impact of the "the state of the News", which actually measured the change in the weight of the argument (evidence). Keynes correctly substituted “expectation(confidence)” in the 1934 draft, instead of using “the state of the news”. This was still not correct as Keynes is still incorporating and mixing up expectational and actual variables in the same set of equations. Keynes got it correct in the General Theory when he defined uncertainty as an inverse function of the weight of the argument and confidence as a negative function of uncertainty, which makes confidence a positive function of the weight of the argument, in the General Theory. The reader should note that Keynes never defined the weight of the argument, V(a/h)=w, until page 315 in chapter 26 of the A Treatise on Probability. Keynes‘s comments to his students about the role of mathematical equations in macroeconomics has been severely and badly misinterpreted to mean that no formal mathematical analysis of macroeconomics was possible. Keynes was always aware of the fact that no mathematical model alone was capable of representing the macro economy in its entirety. He spent pages 300-303 of the General Theory listing the types of important analysis that were not considered or taken into account in the IS-LM model itself. However, the IS-LM model,while being presented on pp.298-299 of the General Theory as being “…valuable in introducing order and method into our enquiry., "however," presents a deceptive simplicity, if we forget that the three elements (a), (b) and (c) are themselves partly dependent on the complicating factors (2), (3), (4) and (5) which we have not yet considered…” (Keynes,1936,p.298). All of macroeconomic history needs to be rewritten in order to incorporate Keynes’s use of an explicit IS-LM model in chapter 21 of the General Theory.
The Interaction Effects Between Father-Child Relationship Quality and Parent-perpetrated Maltreatment on Adolescent Behavior Problems.

Despite ample evidence supporting the positive and important role fathers play in youth well-being, currently little is known about the potential buffering effects of positive father-child relation...
A Case of High Intracranial Pressure and Dural Ectasia (5183)

Objective: A case of intracranial hypertension and dural ectasia, possibly secondary to a CRTAP or COL5A2 genetic mutation, is described. Background: A 55-year-old female presented to the USC Headache Center with a 1 year history of progressive disequilibrium, headaches, and oscillopsia. Design/Methods: The clinical course of the patient is described. Also included are neurological exams, imaging findings, and the results of genetic testing. A literature review of dural ectasia, intracranial hypertension, and associated gene mutations is also performed. Results: MRI brain and lumbar puncture were supportive of a diagnosis of intracranial hypertension. MRI brain additionally showed nonenhancing cystic lesions in the pterygopalatine fossa, and MRI spine showed multiple meningeal diverticula and sacral perineural cysts, all of which can be seen in dural ectasia. Genetic workup for causes of dural ectasia, including neurofibromatosis, Marfan syndrome, and Ehlers Danlos was negative. She was found to have a mutation the CRTAP gene and a variant of uncertain significance in the COL5A2 gene, both of which can be associated with connective tissue disorders. Conclusions: This patient appears to have an underlying connective tissue disorder, possibly from a genetic variant of the CRTAP gene or COL5A2 gene, that changed the compliance of her dura, altering her volume/pressure gradient and resulting in intracranial hypertension. The association with the CRTAP and COL5A2 genes and dural ectasia have not been previously described in the literature. The case describes the relationship between dural compliance in intracranial pressure, in addition to describing new gene variants that could possibly explain findings. Disclosure: Dr. Ravikumar has nothing to disclose.
The impact of demographic similarity on customers in a service setting

Abstract Consumers share the physical environment with other consumers in various service settings. The presence of other consumers is a critical part of the service experience and can influence consumer behavior. What is the underlying impact of fellow customers in service settings? To address this research question, we examine how the demographic (age, race, gender, and income) similarity of other consumers in a service setting impacts one’s attitude and behavior. Specifically, we examine consumers’: (i) intention to return, and (ii) expenditure. Analysis of a large database (216,082 consumer visits to 236 restaurant brands in the United States and Canada) suggest that age, gender and income similarity between the focal customer and other customers increases intention to return. Furthermore, results indicate that age and income similarity among customers increases customer expenditure. However, race and gender similarity among customers decreases customer expenditure. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
Decade Long Disease, Secondary Malignancy, and Brainstem Injury Outcomes in Pediatric and Young Adult Medulloblastoma Patients Treated with Proton Radiotherapy

Background Survivors of pediatric medulloblastoma experience long term morbidity associated with the toxic effects of post-operative radiotherapy. Proton radiotherapy limits radiation dose to normal tissues thereby reducing side effects of treatment while maintaining high cure rates. However, long term data on disease outcomes and long-term effects of proton radiotherapy remain limited. Methods 178 Pediatric medulloblastoma patients treated with proton radiotherapy between 2002-2016 at the Massachusetts General Hospital comprise the cohort of patients who were treated with surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. We evaluated EFS, OS, and LC using the Kaplan Meier method. The cumulative incidence of brainstem injury and secondary malignancies was assessed. Results Median follow-up was 9.3 years. 159 patients (89.3%) underwent a gross total resection (GTR). The 10-year OS for the entire cohort, standard risk, and intermediate/high risk patients was 79.3%, 86.9%, and 68.9% respectively. The 10-year EFS for entire cohort, SR, and IR/HR cohorts was 73.8%, 79.5%, and 66.2%. The 10-year EFS and OS for patients with GTR/NTR were 75.3% and 81.0% versus 57.7% and 61.0% for STR. On univariate analysis, IR/HR status was associated with inferior EFS, while both anaplastic histology and IR/HR status was associated with worse overall survival. The 10-year cumulative incidence of secondary tumors and brainstem injury was 5.6% and 2.1%, respectively. Conclusions In this cohort study of pediatric medulloblastoma, proton radiotherapy was effective and disease outcomes were comparable to historically treated photon cohorts. The incidence of secondary malignancies and brainstem injury was low in this cohort with mature follow up.
Algorithmic Aspects of the Hydrodynamic and Drift-Diffusion Device Models

Newton linearization will be discussed for both the hydrodynamic and drift-diffusion models at the operator level, as well as at the discrete interface with numerical methods. The effect of subsonic and supersonic regimes is discussed for the hydrodynamic model, and the substantial improvement afforded by use of the fixed-point map, as a basis for linearization in the drift-diffusion model, is analyzed.
STABILITY CHARTS FOR SIDEHILL FILLS

In a previous paper, the writer presented tables of stability coefficients for determining approximately the factor of safety of sidehill benches as well as embankments on a horizontal ground surface. The soil in the bench or embankment may have a cohesion and an angle of internal friction quite different from those in the natural ground. In the special case where the bench or embankment lies directly on a stiff stratum or bedrock, stability chars were presented to facilitate computations. These charts are applicable only when the stiff stratum is either inclined, as in the case of a sidehill bench, or horizontal as in the case of an embankment. For the case of the sidehill fills in which the bench or embankment is placed on a horizontal ground at one side and a hillside at the other, no stability charts are currently available. The purpose herein is to present such charts, which can be used for determining the factor of safety of sidehill fills, as have been built frequently for the expansion of usable sites or the disposal of solid waste materials.
Chapter 19 Oxidative stress signaling

Publisher Summary Oxygen is an essential molecule for metabolism and energy generation in aerobic organisms and is the primary source for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are generated in the mitochondria as a by-product of the electron transport chain, as well as by nonmitchondrial enzymes, such as oxidases or peroxidases. Excess ROS is harmful because of its potent ability to interact with, and modify, a wide range of cellular macromolecules implicated in cytotoxicity and mutagenic damage. Conversely, a low level of ROS is necessary to maintain cell proliferation and serve as intracellular signaling molecules. Accordingly, the level of ROS is tightly controlled by several enzymatic (example, superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase) and non-enzymatic (glutathione and vitamins C and E) antioxidants. To offset the oxidant effects and to restore a state of redox balance, cells often activate or silence genes encoding regulatory transcription factors, antioxidant defense enzymes and structural proteins. ROS, which is secreted by specialized cells including macrophages and neutrophils, serves as a key player in host defense against pathogens. Control of ROS levels is one of the key determinants in maintaining cell growth and death. This chapter discusses the mechanisms underlying the cellular response to ROS at the level of signal transduction and gene expression and their implications for cell growth, senescence, and death.
The Business of Coupons-Do coupons lead to repeat purchases?

In recent years, couponing has emerged as a pop culture phenomenon. Businesses of all types are taking advantage of this resource by revamping their out-dated programs and turning them into something fresh to excite customers. Many questions remain unanswered concerning the viability, profitability, and usefulness of coupons. This study is an analysis of the effectiveness of coupons in enticing return purchases in the soft-drink category and the effectiveness of price discriminating at this grocery store chain. The dataset is comprised of household level grocery store transactions compiled by dunnhumby USA for 2,500 households over a period of two years. An ordinary least squares regression technique is employed to analyze the dollar sales and unit sales in the soft drink category before, during, and after coupon usage. Analysis of this sample leads to the conclusion that coupons are not effective in creating repeat purchases. However, coupons do an adequate job of price-discriminating and allow retailers to reach consumers who otherwise may not have tried a certain product. THE BUSINESS OF COUPONS #"
Mechanisms for rent transfers: Subcontracting among military aircraft manufacturers

Models of prototyped and non-prototyped competitions for prime contracts from the U.S. defense department suggest that the latter are much more vulnerable to bid-rigging than are the former. Subcontracting data reveal that pairs of firms who have been rivals in major non-prototyped competitions have a larger number of subcontracts with one another than do other pairs of firms. The analysis concludes that subcontracts may serve as vehicles for division of the spoils of collusive bidding on prime contracts.
Storytelling: Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Perspectives

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2002 Pages: ix + 175 Publisher: Peter Lang Prices: $29.95
Probing the relative contribution of the first and second responses to sensory gating indices: A meta-analysis

Sensory gating deficit in schizophrenia patients has been well-documented. However, a central conceptual issue, regarding whether the gating deficit results from an abnormal initial response (S1) or difficulty in attenuating the response to the repeating stimulus (S2), raise doubts about the validity and utility of the S2/S1 ratio as a measure of sensory gating. This meta-analysis study, therefore, sought to determine the consistency and relative magnitude of the effect of the two essential components (S1 and S2) and the ratio. The results of weighted random effects meta-analysis revealed that the overall effect sizes for the S1 amplitude, S2 amplitude, and P50 S2/S1 ratio were 0.19 (small), 0.65 (medium to large), and 0.93 (large), respectively. These results confirm that the S2/S1 ratio and the repeating (S2) stimulus differ robustly between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls in contrast to the consistent but smaller effect size for the S1 amplitude. These findings are more likely to reflect defective inhibition of repeating redundant input rather than an abnormal response to novel stimuli. Descriptors: Sensory gating, Schizophrenia, P50, Gating out
Interpretation of urine quantitative 11-nor-delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid to determine abstinence from marijuana smoking

Verification of abstinence from cannabinoid use after initial identification requires documentation of falling quantitative levels of urinary 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) over an extended time period. We present a case in which normalization of quantitative urinary THC-COOH results to urinary creatinine is required to correctly interpret a series of quantitative levels and confirm abstinence from marijuana smoking.
Basic Emotions, Complex Emotions, Machiavellian Emotions

The current state of knowledge in psychology, cognitive neuroscience and behavioral ecology allows a fairly robust characterization of at least some, so-called basic emotions - short-lived emotional responses with homologues in other vertebrates. Philosophers, however are understandably more focused on the complex emotion episodes that figure in folk-psychological narratives about mental life, episodes such as the evolving jealousy and anger of a person in an unraveling sexual relationship. One of the most pressing issues for the philosophy of emotion is the relationship between basic emotions and these complex emotion episodes. In this paper, I add to the list of existing, not necessarily incompatible, proposals concerning the relationship between basic emotions and complex emotions. I analyze the writings of transactional psychologists of emotion, particularly those who see their work as a contribution to behavioral ecology, and offer a view of the basic emotion that focuses as much on their interpersonal functions as on their intrapersonal functions. Locating basic emotions and their evolutionary development in a context of processes of social interaction, I suggest, provides a way to integrate our knowledge of basic emotions into an understanding of the larger emotional episodes that have more obvious implications for philosophical disciplines such as moral psychology.
An iridium nanoparticles dispersed carbon based thick film electrochemical biosensor and its application for a single use, disposable glucose biosensor

Abstract An iridium nanoparticles dispersed carbon ink was developed for the thick film screen-printing of electrochemical based biosensors. In order to investigate its feasibility for the fabrication of an electrochemical biosensor, a three-electrode configuration (working: iridium-containing carbon; reference: Ag/AgCl; counter: Au) was used and fabricated by screen-printing technology on an alumina substrate. Subsequently, a model glucose biosensor was constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase covalently on the surface of the iridium-containing carbon working electrode using glutaraldehyde. The H 2 O 2 released from the enzymatic reaction could be detected by the iridium modified carbon working electrode at a relatively low applied potential with a favorable signal-to-noise ratio, suggesting the potential usage of this iridium modified carbon ink for the fabrication of screen-printed biosensors. For practical applications, a mini (working electrode diameter: ∼1 mm), single use, disposable three-electrode sensor was then manufactured on a polyester substrate in bulk using the developed carbon ink by screen-printing technology. The small sizes of the three electrodes of this mini sensor significantly reduced the sample volume required, a volume as low as 2 μL could be used. In the assessment of the potential applications of this mini sensor, a single use, disposable mini glucose biosensor was constructed by depositing glucose oxidase onto the working electrode of this mini sensor. The fabricated mini glucose biosensors responded well to glucose (a linear calibration from 0 to 15 mM), along with a favorable anti-interference ability even at relatively high interferent concentrations, indicating the applicability of this iridium modified carbon based mini sensor for the advancement of single use, disposable electrochemical biosensors based on H 2 O 2 detection using an oxidase.
Intense Lyα emission from Uranus

The existence of intense atomic hydrogen Lyα emission from Uranus is demonstrated here by utilizing the monochromatic imaging capabilities of the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) spectrograph. Our observations show increased emission in the vicinity of Uranus superimposed on the geocoronal/interplanetary background. If resonant scattering of solar Lyα is the source of the 1.6±0.4 kR disk averaged brightness, then very high column densities of atomic H above the absorbing methane are required. Precipitation of trapped charged particles—aurora—could explain the emissions. This would imply a planetary magnetic field.
Clinical significance of serum IgE

Many previous studies have proved that human allergic disease resulted from the formation of antibodies belonging to a unique immunoglobulin isotype termed immunoglobulin E (IgE). Most of IgE- producing plasma cells are found in the lymphoid tissue associated with the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. IgE may be found free in the mucosal secretions of these tissues, bound to local mast cells, or distributed by the systemic circulation to mast cells and basophils throughout the body. Total serum IgE concentrations tend to be higher in allergic adults and children compared with non-allergic individuals, but the value of total serum IgE as a screening test for allergic disease is limited. Total serum IgE levels are related to the probability of an individual having detectable allergen-specific IgE. Allergen-specific IgE concentrations vary with a person's age, the degree and duration of the recent allergen or cross-reactive allergen exposure. The value of quantitative assays for allergen-specific IgE has been suggested in recent studies. Serum IgE increases in many non-allergic diseases, including infectious and parasitic diseases. The IgE changes appear to be specific to the infectious agents, whereas non-specific in other diseases. The increased serum IgE in some of these conditions probably results from alterations in immune function. This review summarizes the clinical significance of total and allergen-specific IgE examinations in allergic diseases.
Fuel optimum low-thrust elliptic transfer using numerical averaging

Abstract Low-thrust electric propulsion is increasingly being used for spacecraft missions primarily due to its high propellant efficiency. As a result, a simple and fast method for low-thrust trajectory optimization is of great value for preliminary mission planning. However, few low-thrust trajectory tools are appropriate for preliminary mission design studies. The method presented in this paper provides quick and accurate solutions for a wide range of transfers by using numerical orbital averaging to improve solution convergence and include orbital perturbations. Thus, preliminary trajectories can be obtained for transfers which involve many revolutions about the primary body. This method considers minimum fuel transfers using first-order averaging to obtain the fuel optimum rates of change of the equinoctial orbital elements in terms of each other and the Lagrange multipliers. Constraints on thrust and power, as well as minimum periapsis, are implemented and the equations are averaged numerically using a Gausian quadrature. The use of numerical averaging allows for more complex orbital perturbations to be added in the future without great difficulty. The effects of zonal gravity harmonics, solar radiation pressure, and thrust limitations due to shadowing are included in this study. The solution to a transfer which minimizes the square of the thrust magnitude is used as a preliminary guess for the minimum fuel problem, thus allowing for faster convergence to a wider range of problems. Results from this model are shown to provide a reduction in propellant mass required over previous minimum fuel solutions.
A Delayed Action Oscillator Shared by the ENSO and QDO in the Indian Ocean

The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Quasi-Decadal Oscillation (QDO) observed in global climate variability during the 20th Century (Allan, 2000) dominated tropical Indian Ocean climate variability from 1993–2002. Both signals shared a delayed action oscillator (DAO) similar to that shared by corresponding signals in the tropical Pacific Ocean (White et al., 2003), intensified in the South Indian Ocean. Each signal was characterized by a short-lived east-west tropical dipole in sea level height (SLH) and sea surface temperature (SST) variability, with the warm SST phase in the western ocean transitioning to the cool phase in response to slow, westwardpropagating, upwelling coupled Rossby waves in the tropical South Indian Ocean. The cool phase in the eastern ocean transitioning to the warm phase in response to slow, eastward-propagating, downwelling equatorial coupled waves. At both boundaries, the simultaneous incidence of these coupled waves provides a delayed negative feedback to tropical SST variability, together producing a DAO that accounts for each signal, similar to those observed in the Pacific Ocean (White et al., 2003). This description allows us to construct a DAO model of the ENSO in the Indian Ocean that demonstrates how boundary reflections of the coupled waves, their intensification by wind stress forcing, and inherent delays in their propagation yield observed frequency and amplitude. Thus, warm SST variability in the western tropical Indian Ocean during 1995, 1998, and 2002 arose not from zonal atmospheric teleconnections originating with ENSO in the tropical Pacific Ocean, but from a DAO intrinsic to the tropical Indian Ocean that co-oscillated with that governing ENSO in the tropical Pacific Ocean.
When should serum amylase and lipase levels be repeated in a patient with acute pancreatitis

In general, repeating these measurements has no value once the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is made.
Near-ultraviolet radiation blocks SOS responses to DNA damage in Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli cells in which the recA promoter is fused to a lac structural gene, (Mu) Mud(Ap,lac)::rec, were irradiated with two far-ultraviolet light wavelengths (254 and 290 nm), selected monochromatic near-ultraviolet (NUV) wavelengths 313 nm, 334 nm, 365 nm, or broad band solar-UV (290–420 nm) from a solar simulator. Irradiation with the two far-ultraviolet wavelengths was followed by high yields of β-galactosidase, lambda prophage induction, and Weigle reactivation. These end points were not observed after irradiation with the selected NUV wavelengths or the broad spectrum solar-UV. Thus, neither broad spectrum solar-UV nor monochromatic NUV wavelengths resulted in the derepression of the recA promoter. Further, prior exposure of the cells either to the selected monochromatic NUV wavelengths or to solar-UV inhibited (a) the induction of β-galactosidase by subsequent 254-nm radiation, (b) subsequent 254-nm induction of lambda prophage, (c) Weigle reactivation, and (d) mutation frequency. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that NUV blocks subsequent recA protease action.
Integrating Power? Evaluating Public Relations Influence in an Integrated Communication Structure

The emerging integrated environment for communication functions has put public relations in a potentially compromising position. In particular, literature reviews reveal scholar concerns about an inferior technical role for public relations practitioners. The question of integrating communications may be a question of power: whether the public relations function enacts influence, authority, or capacity to affect decision-making within an integrated organization. This study explores perceptions of 20 public relations professionals in an integrated communication structure. Results show that public relations may gain the ability to enact influence through social media acumen and the interconnected structure of communications, in which practitioner expertise, information, and knowledge may lead to more influence.
DIRECT SOLUTION FOR ELASTIC PRESTRESS LOSS IN PRETENSIONED CONCRETE GIRDERS

This paper presents a direct solution method for computing prestress loss in pretensioned concrete bridge girders caused by elastic shortening that occurs at transfer. This method yields the same r...
Time course of cyclosporine and its metabolites in blood, liver and spleen of naive lewis rats: Comparison with preliminary data obtained in transplanted animals

the time course of intravenously administered cyclosporine (1 mg kg-1) and its metabolite AM1, AM9, and AM1c were examined in the blood, liver, and spleen of naive Lewis rats. Cyclosporine concentration versus time data for all three tissues were qualitatively similar, following a biexponential model C = Ae-gamma 1t + Be-gamma 2t with maximum cyclosporine concentrations reached at 1 h. Whole-blood cyclosporine clearance, terminal half-life, mean residence time, steady state volume of distribution, and hepatic extraction ratio (calculated from blood data) were similar to previously reported results. Cyclosporine in the liver showed the largest area under the concentration-time curve, mean residence time, and disposition and terminal half-lives. Spleen cyclosporine mean residence time and and terminal half-life were not significantly different from blood parameters. Metabolites AM1, AM9, and AM1c showed almost parallel time courses in all three tissues. The hydroxylated derivative AM9 was the major metabolite found in all tissues, with twofold greater levels in the liver compared to the blood and spleen. Slightly less AM1 was found in the liver relative to blood and spleen, where it was present in equal amounts. AM1c levels in the liver were not different from those in the spleen and were greater than observed for blood. The results obtained above were reflected in preliminary studies using liver transplanted rats treated with multiple doses of cyclosporine. Both blood and liver biopsy levels of CyA, AM1, and AM9 post-transplant showed twofold to fourfold decreases from day 3 ( samples taken 4 h post-CyA-dose) and concentrations were not significantly different from similarly sampled naive controls. More importantly, the metabolite/CyA ratios did not vary significantly between liver and blood in the two groups. For naive rats, and liver transplanted animals not undergoing rejection, changes in blood cyclosporine levels seem to predict variations in tissue concentrations.
A Storage Ring for 10 Bev Muons

It is proposed to construct a strong focusing ring of magnets whose function is to trap muons of 5 -10 Bev, and to study the interaction of the trapped particles in targets placed in the ring. It is shown that such a ring is especially suitable for use with the Stanford linear accelerator because of the hundred-fold increase in effective duty cycle. Other advantages of the scheme are that the muons are nearly mono-energetic, free of contamination, well collimated, and confined to a small beam well suited for performing scattering experiments. Typical parameters of the trapping ring are presented.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Assessment Practices for Children With Suspected Speech Sound Disorders: Results of a National Survey

Purpose This study examined assessment procedures used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) when assessing children suspected of having speech sound disorders (SSD). This national survey also det...
Documentation is the key to user success

A discussion is presented of test conducted at the IBM Human Factors Laboratory in Kingston, New York, to compare the productivity of people using computer-manual, task oriented vs. product-oriented information. The failure rate was 310% higher with the product-oriented information. The conservatively calculated overall productivity gain attained by task-oriented information was 41%.
Modeling the solvent-induced shape-memory behavior of glassy polymers

We present a constitutive model for the effect of solvent absorption on the thermomechanical properties and shape-memory behavior of amorphous polymers. The absorption of low concentrations of solvent depresses the glass transition temperature by increasing the molecular mobility of the polymer chains. In a shape-memory application, this can lead to premature shape recovery and significant alterations to the time-dependence and temperature-dependence of shape recovery. We implemented the constitutive model for finite element analysis and developed a computational model that considered the time-dependent effect of diffusion to study the solvent-induced shape-memory behavior of a meth(acrylate) copolymer network. The model was validated by comparing to isothermal shape recovery experiments of specimens in air and water at different temperatures.
Dating of Quaternary basalts using the cosmogenic 3He and 14C methods with implications for excess 40Ar

Concordant radiocarbon and cosmogenic [sup 3]He dates of 3 and 11 ka on basalt flows and associated scoria deposits from the Zuni-Bandera volcanic field in New Mexico further substantiate published production rates and latitudinal and altitudinal corrections for [sup 3]He. Identical [sup 3]He concentrations in coexisting olivine and clinopyroxene confirm that these two minerals have very similar production rates. A cosmogenic [sup 3]He date of 57 ka on another flow is concordant with a U-series date and is younger than two K-Ar dates, suggesting that this flow contains excess [sup 40]Ar. This excess [sup 40]Ar is also evident in gases released by vacuum crushing of olivine-clinopyroxene fractions from all three flows. 27 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.
Treatment Fidelity among Evaluated and Nonevaluated Workplace Safety-Belt Programs.

To explore the treatment fidelity of employee safety-belt programs, 614 companies and organizations were divided into two groups: those that had conducted an evaluation of their program ( n1= 183) and those that had not (n2 = 431 ). Scores based on equally weighted program elements were computed and then analyzed by a simple multiple regression model. Present results showed that evaluation-active companies and organizations offer more extensive programs, which tend to include an expanded belt-use policy, more education activities, an incentive component, and active management support. The need for future evaluation research and program theory to identify essential program components is then discussed.
Designed polyanionic coiled‐coil proteins: acceleration of heparin cofactor II inhibition of thrombin

Novel polyanionic proteins were designed to increase the rate of heparin cofactor II (HC) inhibition of alpha-thrombin, an essential protease in the coagulation cascade. Two alpha-helical coiled-coil proteins, a 62-residue dimer containing 8 Glu residues (E8C) and a 104-residue dimer containing 14 Glu residues (E14C), plus two 31-residue control peptides containing 8 Glu residues each (E8A and E8B), were chemically synthesized, structurally characterized and enzymatically assayed. Circular dichroic spectrophotometry indicated that both E8C and E14C formed stable two-chain alpha-helical coiled coils at pH 7 and 25 degrees C. The control peptides were only partially alpha-helical. E14C remained folded at 90 degrees C but E8C was half unfolded at 49 degrees C. Coiled-coil proteins E8C and E14C maximally accelerated by 35- and 33-fold, respectively, the rate of HC inhibition of alpha-thrombin. None of these compounds accelerated antithrombin inhibition of alpha-thrombin, and neither control peptide accelerated HC inhibition of alpha-thrombin. Acceleration of the HC inhibition of alpha-thrombin showed bimodal dependence on the concentration of the polyanionic protein, which is consistent with formation of a HC-coiled-coil-thrombin ternary complex. The results suggest that antithrombotic polyanionic alpha-helical coiled-coil proteins can be designed and synthesized and that the occurrence of secondary structure can be correlated with biological activity.
Sensilla on the antennae, mouthparts, and body of the larva of the alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)

Abstract The morphology of the antennal complex, major mouthpart sensilla and body sensilla of alfalfa weevil larvae, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), is described. All instars have a short 1-segmented antenna with a large, multiporous sensillum basiconicum (s.b.) on its apex. Surrounding the s.b. are 2 unusual sensilla auricularia, and 3 small s.b., 2 of which are uniporous. The galea of the maxilla contains 11 s.b. and the apex of the palpus bears 12 thick-walled, uniporous s.b. The labial palpus has 10 similar s.b. apically. First-instar larvae have long, rodlike sensilla with a large, thick-walled bulbous apex; they are probably mechanoreceptors. The other 3 instars bear unusual nodulated and ridged sensilla with thin walls and a fragment-filled lumen. Sensilla on the apex of the thoracic legs and prolegs are also illustrated.
Some biochemical responses to temperature acclimation in the limpet, Acmaea limatula carpenter (1864)

Abstract 1. 1. Limpets were acclimated in the laboratory to 8 and 18°C. 2. 2. Kinetic behavior and thermostability characteristics of malic dehydrogenase extracted from viscera of differently acclimated limpets were compared. 3. 3. [ 14 C]glucose, labeled in either the C-1 or C-3,4 position, was injected into cold and warm acclimated animals; 14 CO 2 was collected and counted. 4. 4. Results suggest that cellular responses to cold acclimation in Acmaea include synthesis of a “new” MDH isozyme and activation of the pentose shunt pathway.
The 'horns' of a medical dilemma: Alexander the Great.

Retrospective ‘diagnosis’ of clinical disorders of famous historical figures has been of medical interest. In the absense of a patient’s ‘body’, the validity of ‘physical symptoms’ and their interpretation by contemporary diagnostic criteria are questionable. When the symptoms have been gleaned from the patients’s effigy which, as in the case of Alexander the Great, is submerged in legend, the enterprise becomes inherently hazardous. In the present paper, some of the conceptual problems underlying retrospective diagnoses will be identified. Then the use of iconographic records, such as numismatics and sculpture, to provide evidence of clinical symptoms will be shown to be highly misleading.
Solvent Effects on the Structure and Internal Dynamics of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an intrinsically disordered, 37 residue neuropeptide that acts as a potent vasodilator. It is a member of the calcitonin peptide (Ct) family, together with amylin, calcitonin and adrenomedullin. Understanding how sequence and solvent variations affect the conformation and dynamics of these genetically and functionally related IDPs is of considerable interest. We use a nanosecond-resolved spectroscopic technique based on tryptophan triplet quenching by cystine to detect transient tertiary contact formation in CGRP under varying solvent and temperature conditions. Using this technique, we had previously found that electrostatic interactions modulate the degree of compaction in CGRP1. Here we explore the effect of solvent on CGRP structure and dynamics. We find that, though disordered, CGRP is very sensitive to small variations in the solution environment. Our findings can be rationalized in terms of polymer models and residual secondary structure content.1 Sara M. Sizemore et al. 2013 Biophys. J, Supplement, Abstract.
Using IRT Trait Estimates versus Summated Scores in Predicting Outcomes.

It has been argued that item response theory trait estimates should be used in analyses rather than number right (NR) or summated scale (SS) scores. Thissen and Orlando postulated that IRT scaling tends to produce trait estimates that are linearly related to the underlying trait being measured. Therefore, IRT trait estimates can be more useful than summated scores when examining relationships between test scores and external variables. Also, when the model holds, IRT trait estimates possess an interval scale that is a property assumed for dependent variables by most statistical procedures used in educational research. The objective of this study was to use Monte Carlo methods to compare the performance of IRT trait estimates and SS scores in predicting outcome variables in the context of health and behavioral assessment. The use of scores based on the graded-response model versus summated scores was compared. Results indicated that IRT-based scores and summated scores are comparable when evaluating the re...
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ELLERMANN, DAVID: The Democratic Worker-Owned Firm, London: Unwin Hyman 1990.224 pp. $ 25.00.
Identifying Hallmarks of Consciousness in Non-Mammalian Species

Most early studies of consciousness have focused on human subjects. This is understandable, given that humans are capable of reporting accurately the events they experience through language or by way of other kinds of voluntary response. As researchers turn their attention to other animals, ?accurate report? methodologies become increasingly difficult to apply. Alternative strategies for amassing evidence for consciousness in non-human species include searching for evolutionary homologies in anatomical substrates and measurement of physiological correlates of conscious states. In addition, creative means must be developed for eliciting behaviors consistent with consciousness. In this paper we explore whether necessary conditions for consciousness can be established for species as disparate as birds and cephalopods. We conclude that a strong case can be made for avian species and that the case for cephalopods remains open. Nonetheless, a consistent effort should yield new means for interpreting animal behavior.
Sarcoidosis; is it confined to just the LV? An RV LGE study

Background Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease. Involvement of the left ventricle (LV) in Sarcoidosis detected by CMR in the form of early (EGE) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is well validated. Autopsy studies have shown abnormalities in the right ventricle (RV) as well, albeit less frequently than the LV. There have also been several case reports of sarcoidosis mimicking ARVD suggesting predominant RV involvement in those cases Objective: We sought to determine if there was evidence of RV involvement in patients with Sarcoidosis that could be detected via early and late gadolinium enhancement on CMR.
Robust prognostic gene expression signatures in bladder cancer and lung adenocarcinoma depend on cell cycle related genes.

Few prognostic biomarkers are approved for clinical use primarily because their initial performance cannot be repeated in independent datasets. We posited that robust biomarkers could be obtained by identifying deregulated biological processes shared among tumor types having a common etiology. We performed a gene set enrichment analysis in 20 publicly available gene expression datasets comprising 1968 patients having one of the three most common tobacco-related cancers (lung, bladder, head and neck) and identified cell cycle related genes as the most consistently prognostic class of biomarkers in bladder (BL) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We also found the prognostic value of 13 of 14 published BL and LUAD signatures were dependent on cell cycle related genes, supporting the importance of cell cycle related biomarkers for prognosis. Interestingly, no prognostic gene classes were identified in squamous cell lung carcinoma or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Next, a specific 31 gene cell cycle proliferation (CCP) signature, previously derived in prostate tumors was evaluated and found predictive of outcome in BL and LUAD cohorts in univariate and multivariate analyses. Specifically, CCP score significantly enhanced the predictive ability of multivariate models based on standard clinical variables for progression in BL patients and survival in LUAD patients in multiple cohorts. We then generated random CCP signatures of various sizes and found sets of 10–15 genes had robust performance in these BL and LUAD cohorts, a finding that was confirmed in an independent cohort. Our work characterizes the importance of cell cycle related genes in prognostic signatures for BL and LUAD patients and identifies a specific signature likely to survive additional validation.