cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anonymous communication in overlay networks

Communication anonymity is becoming an increasingly important, or even indispensable, security requirement for many applications. The existing research in anonymous communications can largely be divided into two categories: mix-based systems and secure multiparty computation-based systems, originating from mixnet and DC-net, respectively. However, they either cannot provide provable anonymity or suffer from transmission collision problem. In this paper, we first propose a novel unconditionally secure source anonymous message authentication code that can be applied to any messages without relying on any trusted third parties. While ensuring message sender anonymity, secure source anonymous message authentication code can also provide message content authenticity. We then propose a novel communication protocol that can hide the senders and the recipients from each other and thus can be used for secure file sharing. The security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol is secure against various attacks. Our analysis also shows that it is efficient and practical. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erosional channels on the shoreface of Nauset Beach, Cape Cod, Massachusetts

Many channels (1 to 3 m relief)_are located offshore of Nauset Beach, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in water 4 to 18 m deep. The channels are oblique to the shoreline, are spaced approximately 260 m apart, and deepen seaward. The southern flank of each channel is rippled whereas the northern flank and interchannel areas are smooth. The origin of the channels is unknown. They probably formed by erosion of the shoreface, perhaps by rip-current circulation during storm conditions or by rip-current circulation under quiet conditions. The channels may control current flow and thereby maintain themselves even though formative conditions may no longer exist.
High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of leghemoglobins from soybean root nodules

A crude fraction of soybean nodule ferri-leghemoglobin was absorbed onto a commercial DEAE HPLC column at pH 8.0, and resolved into eight isoprotein fractions. The identity of the leghemoglobins were determined by their order of elution from the DEAE column and by isoelectric focusing, using isoprotein standards isolated by conventional procedures. The three isoproteins of the c complex, c1, c2, c3, were not resolved. Unexpected heme containing proteins eluted just after leghemoglobin a and the c complex. These components possessed proteins similar to leghemoglobin a and the c complex, respectively, as judged by isoelectric focusing and absorbance spectra of the ferri and ferrous forms. The components designated leghemoglobin a' and leghemoglobin c' were also differentiated from leghemoglobin a and c by reverse-phase HPLC in a C18 column. Amounts of protein for the DEAE HPLC column ranged from 10 micrograms to 20 mg and sample volumes ranged from 2 to 250 microliters. The time required for chromatography varied depending on the gradient used, but never exceeded 40 min for samples up to 5 mg protein or 120 min for samples containing 5 to 20 mg protein. Due to the sensitivity of detection at 403 nm and leghemoglobins being the predominant chromophore at that wavelength, it was possible to quantitate levels of individual leghemoglobins in samples extracted from single nodules (ca. 15 to 65 mg fresh weight tissue). Quantitation was performed by interfacing the spectrophotometer output (10 mV) to a microcomputer and using commercially available software.
Functional clones of pituitary cells derived from Rathke's pouch epithelium of fetal rats.

Sixty-five clonal strains of anterior pituitary cells have been establishedfrom Rathke's pouch epithelium of fetal rats. Radioimmunoassay of the conditionedmedia has shown that some clones produce only prolactin, some produce prolactin and growth hormone and others produce prolactin, growth hormone and ACTH. The clonal cells have retained a normal diploid karyotype for extended periods of time in culture. The resultsindicate that differentiation into somatotrophs, corticotrophs and prolactin cells can occur in vitro from a single progenitor cell.
Proteomic Study of the Arabidopsis thaliana Chloroplastic Envelope Membrane Utilizing Alternatives to Traditional Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis

With the completion of the sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome and with the significant increase in the amount of other plant genome and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) data, plant proteomics is rapidly becoming a very active field. We have pursued a high-throughput mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to identify and characterize membrane proteins localized to the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplastic envelope membrane. In this study, chloroplasts were prepared from plate- or soil-grown Arabidopsis plants using a novel isolation procedure, and “mixed” envelopes were subsequently isolated using sucrose step gradients. We applied two alternative methodologies, off-line multidimensional protein identification technology (Off-line MUDPIT) and one-dimensional (1D) gel electrophoresis followed by proteolytic digestion and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (Gel-C-MS/MS), to identify envelope membrane proteins. This proteomic study enabled us to identify 392 nonredundant proteins. K...
A Self-Serving Optical Correlator For Tracking

Vander Lugt correlators are limited by the sensitivity of their Matched Spatial Filters (MSFs) to image scale, object orientation, and aspect angle. For real-world applications, the number of filters required to identify and track an object, in any relative position, is large. A solution to this problem is the use of an addressable filter (i.e. a Spatial Light Modulator) which preserves the system's optical alignment even though the filter has changed, and feedback from the correlation plane which servos the input scene display. Perkin Elmer has built a correlation system capable of tracking a real target, in any rotational orientation, over a 16:1 change in scale, in real-time. The system uses two Liquid Crystal Light Valves (LCLVs), optically addressed by CRTs at video frame rates. One serves as the correlator's input and operates in an amplitude mode; the second functions in a phase-only mode and serves as the Matched Spatial Filter. Three spatially multiplexed Binary Phase-Only Filters (BPOFs) operate on the fourier transform of the scene in parallel. Each filter acts independently, and produces a correlation spot. The center BPOF is computed from a slightly magnified image of the target object, and the adjoining filters are based upon correctly scaled, but slighty counter-rotated images of the target. By cross-referencing the three correlation outputs, the type of scene distortion (scale and/or rotation) can be determined, and the input scene CRT raster can be adjusted to maintain the optical match required for continuous correlation. This allows a MSF to operate over a much wider range of conditions than previously possible. By monitoring the scale of the scene CRT's raster, the system can determine when the next addressable filter must be called up from memory and displayed to continue correlation. Two computers run the software for the system, which contains image processing programs to capture input video images, generate filters, rotate and scale the scene CRT's raster scan to preserve correlation performance, change filters when the limits of raster scan size are exceeded, and track the target. The system works in conjunction with a remote gimballed telescope platform that provides the input video imagery. Tracking error information from the computers is telemetered to the platform to maintain the line of sight to the target.
A study of the effects of NH3 maldistribution on a urea-selective catalytic reduction system

The maldistribution of urea/NH3 at the selective catalytic reduction inlet and the resulting NH3/NOx ratio variation have been reported to have negative effects on the NOx conversion efficiency and...
Use of graphics hardware to accelerate algebraic reconstruction methods

The Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) reconstructs a 2D or 3D object from its projections. It has, in certain scenarios, many advantages over the more popular Filtered Backprojection approaches and has also recently been shown to perform well for 3D cone-beam reconstruction. However, so far, ART's slow speed has prohibited its routine use in clinical applications. Currently, a software implementation requires several hours for a 3D reconstruction, even on modest reconstruction grid sizes. Although one solution to combat these problems would be the time-consuming design of expensive custom accelerator boards, we would rather like to resort to existing and widely available hardware for our purposes. In this sense, we find that ART's main operations, i.e., volume projections and image backprojections, can be performed very rapidly on standard 2D texture mapping hardware, resident in many graphics workstations and PC graphics boards. In this paper, we discuss the use of this hardware in two volume decomposition modes: voxel and slice. Although we find that the speedups obtained in the voxel mode are respectable, the speedups obtained in the slice-mode are tremendous. Here, a quality cone-beam reconstruction on a 1283 grid can be obtained in less than 2 minutes, which corresponds to a speedup of over 70. Since our rapid ART reconstruction algorithm can be run on the same workstations that are typically used for the viewing of clinical datasets, it is immediately available for routine parallel- and cone-beam CT.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ocular pharmacokinetic study of a corticosteroid by 19F MR

Abstract Traditional ocular pharmacokinetic studies are invasive and cannot be easily applied to humans in vivo. To acquire in vivo ocular pharmacokinetic data noninvasively, 19F MR on a 3T clinical scanner was used to follow the real time dynamics of a corticosteroid in the eye. 1H MR was also performed to locate the site of administration. Triamcinolone acetonide phosphate (TAP) was the model drug, administered by intravitreal and subconjunctival injections. TAP pharmacokinetics were monitored by changes in the 19F spectrum of the intraocular drug in real time. The elimination half-lives of TAP in the eye after intravitreal and subconjunctival injections were 8 and 0.5 h in vivo and 17 and 6.0 h postmortem, respectively. The half-lives associated with clearance were 14 h for intravitreal injection and 0.5 h for subconjunctival injection.
“La creatura più alta del regno vivente”: Storie di formazione e disumanità contemporanea in Acciaio di Silvia Avallone

Questo saggio ripercorre i temi del corpo, l’animale e la materia nel romanzo Acciaio (2010) di Silvia Avallone, inserendoli nel contesto estetico del romanzo di formazione italiano dagli anni Novanta a oggi e filosofico del postumanesimo. Un’analisi puntuale delle similitudini e metafore tra essere umano, animale e macchina offre lo spunto per una riflessione sulla vitalita che anima il romanzo tra umanita, natura, subcultura e tecnologia all’alba del terzo millennio. La vita delle giovani protagoniste, fatta di affetti familiari, amicizie, primi amori e delusioni, ma anche discriminazioni, ingiustizie e sfruttamento e raccontata non tanto in maniera separata da natura e tecnologia, quanto stabilendo analogie. Questa scelta retorica, lungi dall’essere puramente estetica, implica una profonda rivoluzione epistemologica che include la valorizzazione dell’animalita umana.
A proposed structural model of domain 1 of fasciclin III neural cell adhesion protein based on an inverse folding algorithm

Fasciclin III is an integral membrane protein expressed on a subset of axons in the developing Drosophila nervous system. It consists of an intracellular domain, a transmembrane region, and an extracellular region composed of three domains, each predicted to form an immunoglobulin-like fold. The most N-terminal of these domains is expected to be important in mediating cell-cell recognition events during nervous system development. To learn more about the structure/function relationships in this cellular recognition molecule, a model structure of this domain was built. A sequence-to-structure alignment algorithm was used to align the protein sequence of the fasciclin III first domain to the immunoglobulin McPC603 structure. Based on this alignment, a model of the domain was built using standard homology modeling techniques. Side-chain conformations were automatically modeled using a rotamer search algorithm and the model was minimized to relax atomic overlaps. The resulting model is compact and has chemical characteristics consistent with related globular protein structures. This model is a de novo test of the sequence-to-structure alignment algorithm and is currently being used as the basis for mutagenesis experiments to discern the parts of the fasciclin III protein that are necessary for homophilic molecular recognition in the developing Drosophila nervous system.
Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction

We present experimental scattering data at microwave frequencies on a structured metamaterial that exhibits a frequency band where the effective index of refraction (n) is negative. The material consists of a two-dimensional array of repeated unit cells of copper strips and split ring resonators on interlocking strips of standard circuit board material. By measuring the scattering angle of the transmitted beam through a prism fabricated from this material, we determine the effective n, appropriate to Snell's law. These experiments directly confirm the predictions of Maxwell's equations that n is given by the negative square root of epsilon.mu for the frequencies where both the permittivity (epsilon) and the permeability (mu) are negative. Configurations of geometrical optical designs are now possible that could not be realized by positive index materials.
Evidence of RNA in the helices of Amoeba proteus.

Abstract Electron microscope radioautography of Amoeba proteus indicates that the helices found in the nucleus contain RNA but not DNA. Ribonuclease and actinomycin D treatments further support the concept that the helices contain RNA. The RNA may be a messenger RNA complexed with protein which is transported from nucleus to cytoplasm through the nuclear pores.
The effect of local anesthetics on the central nervous system toxicity of hyperbaric oxygen

Abstract Lidocaine and cocaine in subconvulsant doses protected mice against CNS toxicity during exposure to hyperbaric oxygen. The mechanism of this protection is unknown, as is the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen toxicity itself, but both may involve changes in the brain monoamine systems, or changes in the excitability of neuronal membranes.
Complications of Upper Eyelid and Eyebrow Surgery

Complications from upper eyelid blepharoplasty and eyebrow surgery range from minimal to sight-threatening. The aesthetic complications include insufficient skin/fat removal, scarring, and eyelid-crease abnormalities. Functional complications include eyelid retraction, blepharoptosis, lagophthalmos, orbital hemorrhage, and forehead numbness. Prevention and management of these problems are reviewed. The decision-making points regarding the type and timing of intervention are discussed.
Antiferromagnetic exchange mechanism in europium chalcogenides

Abstract The antiferromagnetic exchange interaction in the europium chalcogenides is attributed to the Anderson type 180° EuXEu superexchange mechanism, in which the valence p bands of the anion and the empty down-spin f bands of Eu ++ are primarily responsible. This mechanism has to be related to the spin-polarized energy bands.
Creativity and Cognitive Complexity.

The study examined the effectiveness of repertory grids in assessing cognitive complexity as a correlate of creativity. Grids were completed by literary personnel and by representatives of an audio-visual medium. Significant differences were found between creative writers and their literary controls; but the grids failed to discriminate between those of greater and lesser creativity in the audio-visual field.
The market's perception of the information conveyed by dividend announcements

Abstract This paper tests whether the market perceives announced dividend changes to reflect information about current and/or future cash flows. The empirical relationship between dividend changes and earnings changes is inconclusive. Furthermore, there is no empirical evidence regarding the market's perception of managers' intentions in changing the level of dividends. By analyzing the price reaction of scores to an announced dividend change, we are able to isolate the effects of a short-term change and a long-term change. Our findings indicate that the market perceives dividend changes to reflect a long-term change in earnings.
Growth hormone inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and reduces disease activity in murine colitis.

Background & Aims: Constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 activation promotes chronic inflammation and epithelial proliferation in murine colitis and human inflammatory bowel disease. SHP-2, through binding to the glycoprotein 130 signaling receptor, negatively regulates STAT3 activation. Growth hormone reduces disease activity and promotes mucosal healing in colitis and can activate SHP-2. Methods: We hypothesized that growth hormone administration would reduce disease activity in experimental colitis and that this would involve modulation of SHP-2/glycoprotein 130 association and STAT3 activation. Results: Growth hormone administration improved weight gain and colon histology in interleukin 10-null mice with colitis. Growth hormone reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation of crypt epithelial cells while increasing apoptosis of lamina propria mononuclear cells. Growth hormone increased SHP-2/glycoprotein 130 association and reduced colonic STAT3 activation in interleukin 10-null mice and in biopsy samples from patients with Crohn's colitis. Expression of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2 was increased in crypt epithelial cells after growth hormone treatment. Growth hormone increased SHP-2/glycoprotein 130 binding and reduced interleukin 6-dependent STAT3 activation in the T84 human colon carcinoma and Jurkat human T-cell leukemia lines. Conclusions: Growth hormone administration improves weight gain and reduces disease activity in interleukin 10-null mice with colitis. The improvement in disease activity is associated with increased SHP-2/glycoprotein 130 binding and reduced STAT3 activation in both murine and Crohn's colitis. Growth hormone may be a useful therapy in inflammatory bowel disease, in terms of both improving anabolic metabolism and enhancing mucosal healing.
Introduction to Groundwater Modeling: Finite Difference and Finite Element Methods

This is the first textbook specifically designed for university courses in groundwater modeling. There are books devoted to the exposition of the mechanics of groundwater, to the mathematics of finite differences and finite elements, and to overviews of modeling technology. However, this book leads the student from elementary concepts through the mathematics and modeling procedures and to the solution of problems. The book is very readable and is aimed at the student whose preparation is limited to elementary calculus. More difficult and peripheral topics such as Anisotropy and Tensors, the Variational Method, Isoparametric Quadrilateral Elements, and Analogies are reserved for appendices.
In vitro effects of combined and sequential delivery of two bone growth factors

Bone formation and repair occur by a complex cascade involving numerous growth factors and cytokines. In this study, two-layered heterogeneously loaded and crosslinked gelatin coatings were used to obtain combined and sequential delivery of two bone growth factors, BMP-2 and IGF-I, in cell cultures. Peak release from the top and bottom layers was localized around 1 and 6 days, respectively. For comparison, cells were also treated with soluble growth factors directly added to the culture medium. Pluripotent C3H10T1/2 (C3H) cells responded to soluble growth factor treatments with the greatest specific alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity resulting from addition of BMP-2 followed by IGF-I or by BMP-2+IGF-I. Altered loading and subsequent release of BMP-2 and IGF-I from gelatin coatings also affected AP activity in C3H cultures, and the coatings influenced AP activity and incorporation of calcium in the extracellular matrix of bone marrow stromal cell cultures. Early delivery of BMP-2 followed by increased release of BMP-2 and IGF-I after 5 days resulted in the largest, as well as earliest, elevation of AP activity and mineralized matrix formation compared to controls and other treatments. Simultaneous release of both growth factors from both layers did not significantly change AP activity or matrix calcium content compared to control coatings. These results demonstrate that temporally varying delivery of multiple growth factors can significantly affect cell behavior.
Tumor Suppressors p53, p63TAα, p63TAy, p73α, and p73β Use Distinct Pathways to Repress Telomerase Expression

The promoter of the telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT) is subject to tight regulation and remains repressed in somatic cells to ensure their limited life span and to prevent tumor initiation. Here we report that the hTERT promoter is strongly repressed by p53 and the related family members p63 and p73. We found that p53-mediated repression was different in human and mouse cells and occurred through p53-dependent transcription inhibition of c-Myc or through E-box/E2F pathways, respectively. Although p63TAα-mediated repression occurred through SP1, p63TAy-mediated repression occurred through E2F signaling. Finally, p73α- and p73β-mediated repression occurred through NF-YB2. Our results show a complex multifactorial mechanism used by p53 and its family members to keep hTERT expression under tight control.
Lung Carcinoma Presenting With Pathologic Femur Fracture and False-Positive Pregnancy Test Result

β-Human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) assays are routinely used to test for pregnancy. However, βhCG may be elevated in conditions other than pregnancy. We describe a case of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma presenting with a pathologic femur fracture and a false-positive urine pregnancy test. Lung cancer is the most common nongestational malignancy that produces βhCG among reproductive-age women. Emergency physicians should consider this rare cause of a positive pregnancy test result in women who deny recent sexual intercourse, especially if the patient is older than 40 years, has a history of tobacco use, or presents with respiratory complaints.
A case series of NSCLC patients with different molecular characteristics and choroidal metastases: improvement in vision with treatment including pemetrexed and bevacizumab.

The choroid comprises part of the uveal tract and is the most vascular layer of the eye, lying between the retina and the sclera. Lung cancer is the most common cause of choroidal metastases in men and vision loss occurs via accumulation of subretinal fluid that can lead to retinal detachment1. Herein, we present 3 cases of patients with choroidal metastases with different molecular characteristics that had improvement in vision with systemic treatment with or without radiotherapy (Table 1). Table 1 Summary of Choroidal Metastases Cases
Prediction of short glass fiber orientation in the filling of an end-gated plaque

Abstract This work is concerned with predicting short ( L ≤ 1 mm ) glass fiber (SGF) orientation generated during the filling of an end-gated plaque (EGP). Previous EGP simulations have provided results only within the mold cavity and only along the centerline of the mold and made assumptions about fiber orientation at the mold entry. This paper reports on a method to simulate the flow in the sprue, gate and mold region (SGM) to obtain fiber orientation predictions within the end-gated plaque using orientation parameters fit to experimental data. Predicted values of orientation are compared to experimental data both along and away from the centerline. It is observed that orientation can be accurately predicted in a three dimensional mold cavity using the strain reduction factor model. Furthermore, initial conditions at the entrance to mold cavity appear to be a function of mold width as well as mold thickness.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Escherichia coli O157:H7 Phages Effective in Limiting Contamination of Food Products.

ABSTRACT We previously demonstrated that application of bacteriophages significantly reduced Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination in spinach and ground beef. Here, we present the genomic sequences of two bacteriophages, vB_EcoS_FFH_1, a T5-like phage, and vB_EcoM_FFH_2, an rV5-like phage, used in those treatments.
On the concept of approximate elastic symmetry and its application to materials with defects

The usual definitions of elastic symmetry assume that it is perfect (a symmetry element is either present or not). This may be overly restrictive when applied to materials where the microstructure responsible for anisotropy may be imperfect. Even if the shapes of defects are perfect, symmetries may exist only in some approximation sense. Another motivation for the discussion is to approximate anisotropic Hooke's relations with low symmetries and large numbers of elastic constants by the ones with higher symmetries and lower number of constants. The concept is also relevant for physical properties other than elastic
The RhoA-binding protein, Rhophilin-2, Regulates Actin Cytoskeleton Organization

The Rho GTPases regulate the actin cytoskeleton through interactions with various downstream effector molecules. Here we have identified a ubiquitously expressed human RhoA-binding protein, designated Rhophilin-2. Rhophilin-2 shows 40% amino acid similarity to human Rhophilin-1 and contains an N-terminal Rho-binding, a central Bro1-like, and a C-terminal PDZ domain. Glutathione S-transferase-capture experiments revealed that Rhophilin-1 and Rhophilin-2 interacted with both GDP- and GTP-bound RhoA in vitro. Despite the ability of Rhophilin-1 and Rhophilin-2 to interact with RhoA in a nucleotide-independent fashion, Rho-induced serum response element transcriptional activity was not altered by expression of either of these molecules. Although Rhophilin-2-expressing HeLa cells showed a loss of actin stress fibers, Rhophilin-1 expression had no noticeable effect on the actin cytoskeleton. Coexpression of Rhophilin-2 with a constitutively active Rho mutant reversed the disassembly phenotype, in which the coexpressing cells were more spread and less contracted than Rho alone-expressing cells. Expression of various Rhophilin-2 deletion and point mutants containing the N-terminal RhoA-binding domain but lacking other regions suggested that the disassembly of F-actin stress fibers was not simply caused by Rho sequestration. In addition, the Bro1 and PDZ domains of Rhophilin-2 were required for disassembly. RhoA activity assays also revealed that Rhophilin-2-expressing cells showed increased levels of RhoA-GTP suggesting that the Rhophilin-2-induced disassembly of stress fibers was not mediated by decreased RhoA activity. Based on the biochemical and biological activity, Rhophilin-2 may function normally in a Rho pathway to limit stress fiber formation and/or increase the turnover of F-actin structures in the absence of high levels of RhoA activity.
Beyond the Colonial City: Re-Evaluating the Urban History of India, ca. 1920–1970

It was long customary to begin essays on the historiography of cities in South Asia by mentioning the low level of scholarly interest once given to the study of urban pasts; 2 but a major corpus of...
φ-Coordinated Quasi-Modules for Quantum Vertex Algebras

We develop a theory of \({\phi}\) -coordinated (quasi-) modules for a general nonlocal vertex algebra where \({\phi}\) is what we call an associate of the one-dimensional additive formal group. By specializing \({\phi}\) to a particular associate, we obtain a new construction of weak quantum vertex algebras in the sense of Li (Selecta Mathematica (New Series) 11:349–397, 2005). As an application, we associate weak quantum vertex algebras to quantum affine algebras, and we also associate quantum vertex algebras and \({\phi}\) -coordinated modules to a certain quantum βγ-system explicitly.
Heart failure with recovered ejection fraction: a distinct clinical entity.

Abstract Background A subset of patients with heart failure (HF) and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) previously had EF Methods and Results We identified all subjects with a clinical diagnosis of HF seen in the advanced heart disease practice at our center from March to October 2008. Patients were classified into 1 of 3 groups based on retrospective review of the medical record: EF persistently ≥40% (HF-PEF), EF recovered to ≥40% (HF-REF) and low EF, Conclusions Patients with HF-REF comprise a substantial proportion of those with HF and EF ≥40% followed in an ambulatory referral practice. These patients appear to be clinically distinct from the residual HF population and should be specifically targeted for further research.
Efficient biphasic spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging

The concept of temporal echo multiplexing is defined and used to develop rapid biphasic spin-echo sequences for imaging the heart. Three imaging sequences, based on four-echo and two-echo multiplexing and rapid single echo (i.e., conventional spin-echo imaging), are compared. Preliminary results indicate that two-echo multiplexing yields a significantly reduced acquisition time window with image quality that is only slightly inferior to single-echo imaging. Single-echo biphasic imaging results in the most consistent image quality.
Construct Validation of a 10-Item Eating Attitudes Screening Test for College Students

Abstract The 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) is used to identify eating disturbances in non-clinical populations. The present study examined the construct validity of a screening version of EAT-26. The EAT-26 was administered to 2104 college students and their data were factor analyzed. The initial Alpha solution was rotated with orthogonal and oblique solutions. The analysis produced 5 factors that accounted for 57.4% of the total variance. The first principle component accounted for 61.3% of the total factor variance. The other 4 factors accounted for the remaining 38.7%. The factor 1 items with orthogonal loadings > 0.6 were retained resulting in a 10-item EAT (EAT-10). The Chronbach alpha reliability estimates of EAT-26 and EAT-10 were 0.897 and 0.952. The correlation between EAT-10 and EAT-26 was 0.92. The EAT-10 was directly correlated with age (i=0.14), BMI (r=0.19), percent body fat (r=0.19), and inversely correlated with VO 2max (r=−0.16). The EAT-10 was re-administered to a new sample of college students (n = 1776). These data, combined with the data from the original sample, were used to establish population norms (n = 3880). These data show the EAT-10 is a highly internal consistent measure of the principal EAT construct and has promise of being a valid eating disorder screening test. Additional calibration research is underway to develop probability models for estimating the risk of the presence of eating disorders in a non-clinical population.
Tenderization of Spent Hen Muscle Using Papain, Bromelin, or Ficin Alone and in Combination with Salts

Abstract Breast muscles from spent hens were tenderized before cooking. Taste panel scores, shear press measurements, and percentage of cooking loss, shrinkage, and soak pickup of fillets treated with papain, bromelin, or ficin alone or in combination with sodium chloride and phosphate solutions were determined using a balanced incomplete block design with eight replications per treatment. There were no significant differences between treatments for flavor, overall acceptability, or percentage of shrinkage. Samples that were blade-tenderized were significantly more tender than the controls, and samples soaked in solutions of .002% papain, .003% bromelin, and .002% ficin were significantly more tender than the blade-tenderized controls. Fillets soaked in papain were significantly more tender than those soaked in solutions of either bromelin or ficin. Samples soaked in 1% sodium chloride and 6% Kena FP-28 alone were as tender as those soaked in solutions of either bromelin or ficin. Fillets soaked in solutions of 1% sodium chloride and 6% Kena FP-28 plus either papain, bromelin, or ficin were significantly more tender than all other treatments. Those treated with sodium chloride plus Kena FP-28 plus papain were the most tender. Taste panel values and shear press values for tenderness gave a correlation coefficient of r=−.984. The controls and samples treated with sodium chloride and Kena FP-28 were significantly juicier than the other treatments. Fillets soaked in solutions of sodium chloride and Kena FP-28 had a signficiantly higher solution pickup.
Abstract 1413: RUNX3 plays an oncogenic role in Ewing sarcoma cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Ewing sarcomas are aggressive, poorly differentiated pediatric tumors of bone and soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma affects one to three people per million every year and is the second most common pediatric bone malignancy after osteosarcoma. Approximately 85% of Ewing sarcomas harbor the EWS-FLI fusion protein, which arises from a chromosomal translocation, t(11:22)(q24:q12). EWS-FLI interacts with numerous lineage-essential transcription factors to maintain mesenchymal progenitors in an undifferentiated state. We previously showed that EWS-FLI binds the osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2, and prevents osteoblast differentiation. RUNX3 is highly homologous to RUNX2 and participates in the mesenchymal-derived bone formation. RUNX3 has been described as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene in different tumor types. In this study, we investigated the role of RUNX3 in Ewing Sarcoma. RUNX3 was detected in all Ewing sarcoma cells examined (7/7 cell lines, and 4/4 primary tumors), whereas RUNX2 was detected in only 73% of these specimens. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that RUNX3 binds to EWS-FLI via its Runt domain, which is >91% identical to the Runt domain in RUNX2. The interaction between RUNX3 and EWS-FLI in cell nuclei was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Moreover, EWS-FLI interactions prevented RUNX3 from activating the transcription of a RUNX-responsive reporter, p6OSE2. To determine the role of RUNX3 in Ewing sarcoma cell growth, we stably suppressed RUNX3 expression in the Ewing sarcoma cell line A673 with shRNAs. In anchorage independent growth assays in soft agar, RUNX3-deficient A673 cells formed smaller colonies than cells expressing scrambled shRNAs. Consistent with the smaller colonies, RUNX3 suppressed cells had increased expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Taken together, these results suggest and oncogenic role for RUNX3 in Ewing sarcoma. Citation Format: Krista L. Bledsoe, Meghan E. McGee-Lawrence, Emily T. Camilleri, Andre M. Oliveira, Andre J. van Wijnen, Jennifer J. Westendorf. RUNX3 plays an oncogenic role in Ewing sarcoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1413. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1413
Computer-aided Drug Design: Using Numbers to your Advantage.

Computer-aided drug design could benefit from a greater understanding of how errors arise and propagate in biomolecular modeling. With such knowledge, model predictions could be associated with quantitative estimates of their uncertainty. In addition, novel algorithms could be designed to proactively reduce prediction errors. We investigated how errors propagate in statistical mechanical ensembles and found that free energy evaluations based on single molecular configurations yield maximum uncertainties in free energy. Furthermore, increasing the size of the ensemble by sampling and averaging over additional independent configurations reduces uncertainties in free energy dramatically. This finding suggests a general strategy that could be utilized as a posthoc correction for improved precision in virtual screening and free energy estimation.
Box-Beam Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal

A new box-beam guardrail end terminal, known as the box-beam bursting energy absorbing terminal (BEAT), was designed and shown to meet current United States impact safety standards according to guidelines provided by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). The BEAT is placed on the end of a box-beam guardrail system. When impacted by an errant vehicle, the head of the BEAT pushes down the box-beam rail causing the rail to expand and burst at the corners at a desired energy absorbing rate. Details of the bursting concept are provided along with descriptions of the new terminal and the performed crash tests. Three crash tests were needed to qualify the BEAT terminal according to Test Level 3 evaluation criteria provided by the NCHRP.
Microdosimetric specification of the radiation quality of a d(48.5)+Be fast neutron therapy beam produced by a superconducting cyclotron

The proportional countermicrodosimetric technique has been employed to quantify variations in the quality of a d(48.5)+Be fast neutron beam passing through a homogeneous water phantom. Single event spectra have been measured as a function of spatial location in the water phantom and field size. The measured spectra have been separated into component spectra corresponding to the gamma, recoil proton and alpha plus heavy recoil ion contribution to the total absorbed dose. The total absorbed dose normalized to the ‘‘monitor units’’ used in daily clinical use has been calculated from the measured spectra and compared to the data measured with calibrated ion chambers. The present measurements agree with the ion chamber data to within 5%. The RBE of the neutron beam is assumed to be proportional to the microdosimetric parameter y* for the dose ranges pertinent to fractionated neutron therapy. The relative variations in y* , assumed to be representative of variations in the RBE are mapped as a function of field size and spatial location in the phantom. A variation in the RBE of about 4% for points within and 8% for points outside a 10 cm×10 cm field is observed. The variations in the RBE within the beam are caused by an increase in the gamma component with depth. An increase in the RBE of about 4% is observed with increasing field size which is attributed to a change in the neutron spectrum. Compared to the uncertainties in the prescribed dose, associated with uncertainties in the clinically used RBE, variation in the RBE between various tissues, and other dosimetric uncertainities caused by factors such as patient inhomogeneities, patient setup errors, patient motion, etc., the measured spatial RBE variations are not considered significant enough to be incorporated into the treatment planning scheme.
Depositional Environments, History, and Biostratigraphy of Upper Albian Rocks, Trans-Pecos Texas: ABSTRACT

Upper Albian rocks in Brewster, Presidio, Jeff Davis, Reeves, and Pecos Counties, Texas, between the Adkinsites brazoensis and Pleisioturrilites brazoensis zones are divided into 10 lithofacies and associated depositional environments. These lithofacies represent deposition in environments ranging from nearshore high-energy carbonate and quartz sands, to offshore high-energy carbonate shoals and rudistid banks, to medium- to low-energy offshore shales and biomicrites, to deeper water low-energy micrites. All or parts of the Benevides, Loma Plata, Sue Peaks, Santa Elena, Boracho, Fort Terrett and Fort Lancaster Formations are included in this study. The wide variety of lithofacies present reflects variations in local source areas, depositional slope, source area and basin stability, and paleogeography. Distribution and thickness of lithofacies during the late Albian indicate that the Glass Mountains area and Diablo platform were structural highs separated by a shelf basin which occupied the position of the Paleozoic Hovey channel. The northern part of the area was a gently sloping shallow-water shelf; the southern part was the northern edge of the Chihuahua trough. The use of ammonite zones to trace lithofacies and depositional environments through space and time shows an initial transgressive followed by a lesser regressive sequence. The overall effect of late Albian deposition was transgressive. End_of_Article - Last_Page 759------------
Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Phonons in n-Type High Tc Superconductors

We have measured the infrared (IR) reflectance and Raman spectra of electron doped and undoped Nd2CuO4 and Pr2CuO4. Utilizing the results from doped ceramics and undoped ab plane oriented single crystals, we observe and assign all the IR active phonons (3A2u + 4Eu) predicted by group theory. We have also observed the Raman active modes involving atom motion along the c axis. We compare our results to those found in the related hole superconductors based upon La2CuO4.
SU‐GG‐J‐50: Comparing IGRT Shifts with MVision and CT On Rails Systems Using Anthropomorphic Phantom

Purpose: To evaluate the IGRT repositioning shifts determined by MV Cone Beam CT and by CT on rails using an anthropomorphic phantom. Method and Materials: Two IGRT systems installed in the same Linac room were studied. The CT based IGRT has been used in our Siemens Primus since 2004. Recently, a MV conebeam CT (Siemens MVision) was implemented with the objective to reduce the therapist time to obtain the IGRT shifts. The shifts and the corresponding total time were evaluated using an anthropomorphic PIXY® phantom. CTs of the phantom were obtained for head‐and‐neck, pelvis and lung and treatment planning was generated in XIO‐CMS for each site. The set of images, structures and plans was sent to both IGRT stations. Bbs were placed on the phantom surface at the isocenter axis, as a reference for the daily CTimages. For each plan the MVCBCT was obtained three times to determine its reproducibility for 5 and 8 MU protocols. The registration for MVCBCT was done automatically and verified with manual registration. The table was then flipped to the CT position and the images acquired. In this case the registration is done manually and the isocenter shift is obtained through the bbs position. The procedures ware repeated for all sites. The total time to obtain the shifts and the image quality were also registered. Results and Discussion: The reproducibility of the MVCBCT for different protocols was within 2 mm. The maximum difference for MVCBCT and CT was 4 mm. The MVCBCT has poor image for soft tissue, and the fusion registration is based on mutual information. The total time to obtain the shifts is about 3 min for the new system and 7 to 8 min for the CT based system. This study excludes any deviation due to patient rotation and internal changes.
Preconditioning with PKC and the ATP-sensitive potassium channels: a codependent relationship.

Abstract Background . Both potassium channel openers and protein kinase C have been shown to independently elicit the myoprotective preconditioning response. However, the in vivo dependency between the two is unknown. Methods . Thirty-seven sheep were divided into seven groups; animals received no pretreatment, pinacidil, pinacidil and potassium channel opener blocker glibenclamide, protein kinase C activator 4β-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), or PDBu and protein kinase C blocker chelerythrine. The last two groups underwent opposite blockade, chelerythrine + pinacidil, or glibenclamide + PDBu. All groups underwent 60 minutes of regional ischemia followed by 180 minutes of reperfusion. Regional function was assessed throughout the experiment, and at the conclusion of the study the infarct size (as a percentage of the area at risk) was determined. Results . Infarct size decreased in the groups receiving only pinacidil or PDBu (control: 54% ± 3%, pinacidil: 25% ± 2%, PDBu: 21% ± 3%; p p = not significant versus control). The preconditioning response was again attenuated when the opposite blockers were given (64% ± 5%, chelerythrine + pinacidil; 63% ± 1%, glibenclamide + PDBu; p = not significant versus control). There was no significant difference in regional function. Conclusions . This study shows that both protein kinase C and potassium channels are necessary and codependent for preconditioning in the in vivo heart.
A nonparametric estimator for setting: reserve prices in procurement auctions

Electronic auction markets collect large amounts of auction field data. This enables a structural estimation of the bid distributions and the possibility to derive optimal reserve prices. In this paper we propose a new approach to setting reserve prices. In contrast to traditional auction theory we use the buyer's risk statement for getting a winning bid as a key criterion to set an optimal reserve price. The reserve price for a given probability can then be derived from the distribution function of the observed drop-out bids. In order to get an accurate model of this function, we propose a nonparametric technique based on kernel distribution function estimators and the use of order statistics. We improve our estimatior by additional information, which can be observed about bidders and qualitative differences of goods in past auctions rounds (e.g. different delivery times). This makes the technique applicable to RFQs and multi-attribute auctions, with qualitatively differentiated offers.
Isolation of corn semiochemicals attractive and repellent to western corn rootworm larvae

Dichloromethane extracts of germinating corn are significantly attractive to western corn rootworm larvae in choice tests with equal levels of carbon dioxide present on both sides of the choice. Two fractions that are significantly attractive and two fractions that are significantly repellent to larvae were isolated from these extracts of germinating corn by gas chromatography and silica gel chromatography. In a separate set of experiments, Porapak N was used to collect headspace volatiles from germinating corn; significantly more larvae were attracted to aliquots of these extracts in singlechoice tests without added carbon dioxide present than to solvent controls.
Electrosensitivity of canal and free neuromast organs in a gymnotid electric fish.

The posterior lateral line nerve was studied by recording singel unit activity with glass miocropipette electrodes to examine the electrosensitivity of the canal and free neuromast organs. The fibers innervating these organs has no or irregular spontaneous discharges. For a 50 msec electric pulse applied through a pair of electrodes at the two ends of the fish, almost all fibers discharged impulses during the pulse, irrespective of its polarity. The electrosensitivity for a 50 msec electric pulse was 37 mV/cm on the average. When a 0.5–1.0 msec electric pulse was used, these fibers showed no responses to it, even if it was stronger than 40 mV/cm. Responses to organ discharges were not found at all. These organs do not seem to function as electroreceptors. The canal organ was excited by water ripple and by weak water currents allied to the trunk and can be considered a mechanoreceptor. The free neuromast of the trunk was mechanically excitable, but it did not respond to moderately strong water current, and its function remains unclear.
The nuclear stethoscope: A simple device for generation of left ventricular volume curves

Initial evaluation has begun of a system for displaying left ventricular time-activity curves, relating the intraventricular content of radioactivity with the cardiac cycle as determined by the patient's electrocardiogram. Major problems include proper positioning of the detector, correction for background radioactivity outside the ventricle and calibration of the device to permit conversion of measurement of radioactivity to measurement of ventricular volumes.