cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sickle cell disease and electroencephalography hyperventilation.

chronic pancreatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;14: 957–970. 3. Khedr EM, Kotb H, Kamel NF, et al. Longlasting antalgic effects of daily sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in central and peripheral neuropathic pain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:833–838. 4. Canavero S, Bonicalzi V. Therapeutic extradural cortical stimulation for central and neuropathic pain: a review. Clin J Pain 2002;18:48–55. 5. Aziz Q, Thompson DG, Ng VW, et al. Cortical processing of human somatic and visceral sensation. J Neurosci 2000;20: 2657–2663. 6. Iyer MB, Schleper N, Wassermann EM. Priming stimulation enhances the depressant effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurosci 2003;23:10867–10872. 7. Graff-Guerrero A, Gonzalez-Olvera J, Fresan A, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increases tolerance to human experimental pain. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2005; PMID 15935625.
Postoperative parkinsonism and lupus anticoagulant: a model of autoantibody-mediated neurotoxicity in stress.

Primary objective: Nigrostriatal hypodopaminergism is the fundamental basis in parkinsonism. It may arise secondarily from a variety of disorders but is rarely mentioned shortly after surgery.Methods and procedures: To report the clinical course of five patients who had had symptomatic parkinsonism developed shortly after surgery (lumbar laminectomy, prostatectomy and cholestectomy). Appropriate investigations were done to elucidate their pathogenesis.Main outcomes and results: There was no remarkable finding of their anesthetic agents, duration of surgery, type of surgery, medical conditions or preoperative screening test. Extensive investigations did not reveal consistent abnormality. However, an abnormal presence of lupus anticoagulant was detected in four patients; primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome was fulfilled in two of them. The lupus anticoagulant restored to the reference range in another two patients later. Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome was not seen. Initially, their p...
Class cover catch digraphs

The class cover problem is one of finding a small number of sets covering (containing) points from one class without covering any points from a second class. The class cover catch digraph provides a solution to the class cover problem, which can be extended to a nonparametric classifier, similar in flavor to a reduced nearest neighbor classifier. This article describes the class cover catch digraph and its application to classification. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
All-window profiling and composable models of cache sharing

As multi-core processors become commonplace and cloud computing is gaining acceptance, more applications are run in a shared cache environment. Cache sharing depends on a concept called footprint, which depends on all cache accesses not just cache misses. Previous work has recognized the importance of footprint but has not provided a method for accurate measurement, mainly because the complete measurement requires counting data access in all execution windows, which takes time quadratic in the length of a trace. The paper first presents an algorithm efficient enough for off-line use to approximately measure the footprint with a guaranteed precision. The cost of the analysis can be adjusted by changing the precision. Then the paper presents a composable model. For a set of programs, the model uses the all-window footprint of each program to predict its cache interference with other programs without running these programs together. The paper evaluates the efficiency of all-window profiling using the SPEC 2000 benchmarks and compares the footprint interference model with a miss-rate based model and with exhaustive testing.
PHOSPHORUS STEELS FOR VITREOUS ENAMELING

A summary is given of the tests which were conducted to appraise the utility of phosphorus steels in vitreous enameling. Enameling tests were conducted on both killed and rimmed steels of low-carbon iron and steel with a phosphorus content up to 0.60%. Phosphorus was found to reduce the sag of laboratory-prepared enameling stock to a marked degree. The most effective range of phosphorus was from 0.10 to 0.15%, and killed steels were superior to rimmed steels in their sag resistance. Phosphorus appeared to have no significant influence on common enameling defects. In amounts of less than 0.40%, it had no marked effect on the adherence of the enamel. The deep drawing qualities of the sheet, based on Olsen ductility tests, were somewhat impaired by phosphorus. This is in line with the strong tendency for phosphorus to raise the strength of the sheet.
An ultrafast microwave approach towards multi-component and multi-dimensional nanomaterials

Sea-urchin like, multi-component, 3-D nanostructures have been synthesized using a microwave assisted approach, which is called the “PopTube” method. This microwave approach has the advantages of high-efficiency and selective heating, simple experimental conditions and instrument setups, which provides a facile and ultrafast technique to obtain three dimensional nanomaterial growth on various engineering material substrates. It takes at most 15–30 s to grow carbon nanotubes (CNT) on top of a wide selection of substrate surfaces, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) nanopowders/glass, carbon fibers and milled glass fibers. Moreover, metal oxide nanostructures such as iron oxide can also be produced via this process without any extra chemical reagents. The process can be performed with a kitchen microwave oven, at room temperature and ambient conditions, without the need for any gas protection or high vacuum. Multi-component and multi-dimensional nanomaterials synthesized by this approach are good candidates for chemical, biological and electrochemical applications.
Family connectedness and sexual risk-taking among urban youth attending alternative high schools.

CONTEXT: Youth in alternative high schools engage in risky sexual behavior at higher rates than do theirpeers in regular schools, placing themselves at an increased risk of sexually transmitted disease and unintended pregnancy. Family connectedness is associated with reduced adolescent sexual risk-taking, although this association has not been tested among alternative school youth. METHODS: A sample of 976 urban, predominantly minority alternative high school students in Houston, Texas, were surveyed in 2000-2002. Survey data were analyzed using logistic regression to determine whether family connectedness is related to sexual risk-taking. RESULTS: Overall, 68% of students reported ever having had sex. Of sexually experienced students, 74% reported having had sex in the past three months and 29% reported ever having been involved in a pregnancy. The higher students scored on a scale of perceived family connectedness, the less likely they were to report ever having had sex, recently having had unprotected sex and having been involved in a pregnancy (odds ratio, 0.97per unit increase for each outcome). Among females, higher perceived family connectedness was associated with reduced odds of ever having had sex or having initiated sex prior to age 13 (0.96 for each); males who perceived higher family connectedness had reduced odds of having been involved in a pregnancy (0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Family connectedness may be a protective factor related to sexual risk-taking, even among high-risk youth. Including activities that acknowledge the influence of family relationships and facilitate positive parent-child relationships may increase the efficacy of programs for reducing sexual risk-taking among alternative schoolyouth. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2003, 35(4):174-179
Is rooftop solar PV at socket parity without subsidies

Abstract Installations of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) technology in the United States have increased dramatically in recent years, in large part because of state and federal subsidies. In the future, such subsidies may be reduced or eliminated. From the homeowner's perspective, solar PV is competitive when it can produce electricity at a cost equivalent to the retail electricity rate, a condition sometimes referred to as “socket parity”. In assessing the economic viability of residential solar PV, most existing literature considers only a few locations and fails to consider the differences in PV system cost and electricity prices that exist across the U.S. We combined insolation data from more than 1000 locations, installation costs by region, and county-level utility rates to provide a more complete economic assessment of rooftop solar PV across the U.S. We calculated the break-even electricity prices and evaluated the reductions in installed costs needed to reach socket parity. Among the scenarios considered, we estimate that only Hawaii has achieved socket parity without the use of subsidies. With subsidies, six states reach socket parity, yet widespread parity is still not achieved. We find that high installation costs and financing rates are two of the largest barriers to socket parity.
Targeted Learning in Healthcare Research.

Abstract The increasing availability of Big Data in healthcare encourages investigators to seek answers to big questions. However, nonparametric approaches to analyzing these data can suffer from the curse of dimensionality, and traditional parametric modeling does not necessarily scale. Targeted learning (TL) combines semiparametric methodology with advanced machine learning techniques to provide a sound foundation for extracting information from data. Predictive models, variable importance measures, and treatment benefits and risks can all be addressed within this framework. TL has been applied in a broad range of healthcare settings, including genomics, precision medicine, health policy, and drug safety. This article provides an introduction to the two main components of TL, targeted minimum loss-based estimation and super learning, and gives examples of applications in predictive modeling, variable importance ranking, and comparative effectiveness research.
Strategies for future success : Remembering the Hittites during the Iron Age

The Maras and Sakcagozu valley surveys on the east side of the Amanus mountains provide new data regarding patterns of Hittite territorial management and administration. Sites dating to the Late Bronze Age II period were identified by the presence of burnished pottery, drab ware and, occasionally, by animal-shaped ceramic vessel fragments. The standardised drab ware pottery is emblematic of mass production and rigid control of labour sources and raw materials through systems designed to support the economic and political strategies of the Hittite court and to serve its interests. The settlement pattern is linked to Hittite regional needs for agricultural production, raw materials and territorial security. The distinct site location pattern indicates a strategic, restrained use of space by the Hittites. This left room for beneficial integrative features that local elites might emphasise for their own purposes, which comprise a foundation for the prestige later accorded to the Hittite legacy.
Epitaxial growth of shape-controlled Bi2Te3-Te heterogeneous nanostructures.

A one-pot solution process has been devised to synthesize colloidal Bi2Te3−Te heterogeneous nanostructures (HNs) that comprise Bi2Te3 nanoplates and Te nanorods. By controlling the reaction kinetics, the reaction of TeO32− and Bi3+ in the presence of hydrazine first produces uniform Te nanorods and then grows Bi2Te3 nanoplates on the tips and surfaces of these Te nanorods, forming various shapes including “nails”, “barbells”, “syringes”, and “accordions”. The specific topological arrangement realized arises from the peculiar anisotropic reactivity of the first formed Te nanorods, whose tips are subsequently exploited to seed the heterogeneous nucleation of Bi2Te3 as enabled by the similar crystal structure and the small lattice mismatch between Te and Bi2Te3. Three important processes, heterogeneous nucleation of Bi2Te3 on the tips and/or surface of Te nanorods, homogeneous nucleation of Bi2Te3, and the direct reaction of a Bi precursor and Te nanorods to form hollow structures via the Kirkendall Effect, ...
Principles of the self-organizing dynamic system.

(1947). Principles of the Self-Organizing Dynamic System. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 125-128.
Gate-Dependent Carrier Diffusion Length in Lead Selenide Quantum Dot Field-Effect Transistors

We report a scanning photocurrent microscopy (SPCM) study of colloidal lead selenide (PbSe) quantum dot (QD) thin film field-effect transistors (FETs). PbSe QDs are chemically treated with sodium sulfide (Na2S) and coated with amorphous alumina (a-Al2O3) by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to obtain high mobility, air-stable FETs with a strongly gate-dependent conductivity. SPCM reveals a long photocurrent decay length of 1.7 μm at moderately positive gate bias that decreases to below 0.5 μm at large positive gate voltage and all negative gate voltages. After excluding other possible mechanisms including thermoelectric effects, a thick depletion width, and fringing electric fields, we conclude from photocurrent lifetime measurements that the diffusion of a small fraction of long-lived carriers accounts for the long photocurrent decay length. The long minority carrier lifetime is attributed to charge traps for majority carriers.
Upconverting reporters: Properties and biomedical applications

Upconverting reporters are excited in the infrared and emit visible radiation. There are two classes of these materials: upconverting phosphors and upconverting chelates. Significant properties of upconverting reporters include no background from autofluorescence, no photobleaching, and no interference from conventional reporters.
Mechanical Scaling Trends and Methods to Improve Reliability of Packaged Interconnect Structures

Low dielectric constant (low-k) materials are currently being incorporated into advanced microelectronic devices to improve or maintain performance. As the dielectric constant is reduced, so are its mechanical properties. These reduced properties have recently been related to chip-package interaction (CPI) failures. Significant effort has focused on eliminating CPI failures through engineering of copper crackstop structures. However, published data suggests that crackstop engineering needs to occur at each technology node to ensure CPI reliability. In this study, the focus is on repairing interfacial delaminations with chemistry specific coupling agents rather than attempting to stop them with a specially designed crackstop structure. Critical adhesion values and corrosion resistance of the repaired interfaces are compared to the original interface. The application of the repair chemistry in an integrated structure is discussed along with the potential impact on reliability.
Abstract 3263: Evaluation of the activity of rigosertib, an inhibitor of PI3K and MAPK pathways, in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Background: Rigosertib is an inhibitor of the PI3K and MAPK kinase pathways and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for pancreatic cancer and hematologic diseases. The PI3K/AKT and MAPK (RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK) signaling pathways have been identified to play a central role in the development and progression of CRC by modulating many different downstream targets that are essential for enhancing cellular survival and proliferation. Mutations in the PI3K (PIK3CA) and MAPK (RAS) pathways have been identified and their importance is well-established in oncogenesis and as drivers of tumor growth. The objective of this study is to determine the anti-proliferative and anti-tumor effects of rigosertib in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer (CRC). Experimental Design: We used colorectal cancer cell lines and a patient-derived explant model to investigate the growth inhibitory activity of rigosertib. We treated 25 CRC cell lines with rigosertib for 72 hours and measured the effect on proliferation by a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. We treated 5 patient-derived CRC explants with rigosertib (250 mg/kg/day-daily) for 28 days to determine anti-tumor activity in vivo. A tumor growth inhibition inhibition (TGI) ≥ 50% was considered sensitive. Results: Twenty-four CRC cell lines were sensitive to rigosertib with an IC50 > 1μM. The cell lines MIP-101, Lovo, and Caco-2 were the most sensitive reaching an IC50 at 0.0625 μM. The Colo678 cell line was resistant to rigosertib with an IC50 > 1μM. There was no association between mutational status in PIK3CA or RAS and sensitivity to rigosertib. Zero out of 5 CRC explants showed sensitivity to rigosertib. Conclusion: Rigosertib is a potent growth inhibitor in vitro of the majority of CRC cell lines tested with an IC50 < 1μM. Our upcoming studies will test the inhibitory effects of rigosertib on an additional 15 CRC explants in an attempt to develop biomarkers of sensitivity or resistance. Acknowledgements: The work was supported by a grant from Onconova Therapeutics® Inc. Citation Format: Alicia Purkey, Eun-Kee Song, Kevin Quackenbush, Stacey Bagby, John J. Arcaroli, Antonio Jimeno, Wells Messersmith. Evaluation of the activity of rigosertib, an inhibitor of PI3K and MAPK pathways, in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3263. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3263
Large Signal Lyapunov-Based Stability Studies in Microgrids: A Review

Microgrid stability studies have been largely based on small-signal linearization techniques. However, the validity and magnitude of the linearization domain are limited to small perturbations. Thus, there is a need to examine microgrids with large-signal nonlinear techniques to fully understand and examine their stability. Large-signal stability analysis can be accomplished by Lyapunov-based mathematical methods. These Lyapunov methods estimate the domain of asymptotic stability of the studied system. In this paper, a survey of Lyapunov-based large-signal stability studies of microgrids is given. Moreover, this paper covers large-signal studies of individual generator and load types in microgrid settings. Stability studies of dc/ac droop controlled inverters, ac/dc and dc/dc converters, and motor drives are explored. The survey shows that few large-signal Lyapunov-based studies have been completed on either individual systems or microgrid systems. This paper highlights the aspects that make Lyapunov-based microgrid stability studies interesting and valuable. This paper also recommends areas that future research could address to improve large-signal stability studies of microgrids.
The Practices of Geography

I wish to thank Rebecca Theobald for the invitation to contribute to this issue of The Geography Teacher (TGT), her second as editor. As a member of the National Council for Geographic Education (N...
Data Selection with Kurtosis and Nasality Features for Speaker Recognition.

We propose new data selection approaches based on speaker discriminability features, including kurtosis and a set of nasality features which exploit spectral properties of nasal speech sounds. Data selected based on the speaker discriminability features are used to implement end-to-end speaker recognition systems, which produce significant improvements when combined with the baseline system (which uses the speech-only data regions determined by a speech/non-speech detector), where the optimal combination of systems produces roughly a 24% improvement over the baseline. Results suggest that focusing the modeling power on data regions selected via the kurtosis and nasality speaker discriminability features, part of which are often discarded in the speech/non-speech detection process, can improvement speaker recognition.
Resection of the distal end of the ulna (Darrach operation); an end result study of twenty four cases.

From a review of this series of cases, it is evident that the best results were obtained in those patients who had had a minimal amount of bone removed or in those in whom the process of bone regeneration was especially active. It might therefore be suggested (Fig. 6): 1. That emphasis be placed, not on the amount of ulna to be resected, but rather on the amount of ulna to be preserved. (Only that amount of bone should be removed which would allow the distal portion of the ulna to lie adjacent to the sigmoid notch of the radius. Preoperative roentgenograms should be studied to determine the proper amount); 2. That excision of the distal portion of the ulna should be done subperiosteally to encourage anatomical and physiological regeneration of the distal end of the ulna; 3. That the ulnar styloid process, with the ulnar collateral ligament attached, be left in situ . The purpose of these measures would be to effect, as much as possible, the restoration of the normal anatomy of the distal radio-ulnar articulation.
Early Stage Prostatic Cancer Investigated By Pelviclymph Node Biopsy And Bone Marrow Acid Phosphatase

AbstractA prospective study was done to evaluate 47 patients with early stage prostatic cancer. Pelvic lymphadenectomy was combined with bone marrow acid phosphatase determinations to evaluate early metastatic disease. Thirteen patients (28 per cent) had tumor in the pelvic lymph nodes. In no instance was the bone marrow acid phosphatase elevated to more than the normal value for serum by the substrate used. Combined high grade and stage tumors seemed to have an increased incidence of metastases to pelvic lymph nodes. A surprisingly high incidence of B1 lesions (5 of 21 patients or 24 per cent) had positive lymph nodes. Generally, the nodes were moderately well or well differentiated lesions. The metastases were unilateral, frequently microscopic only and involved 1 or only a few nodes. Pelvic lymphadenectomy seems to have a well defined role in the diagnostic study of early stage prostatic cancer, while bone marrow acid phosphatase determinations were of no value.
Probenecid-resistant J774 cell expression of enhanced organic anion transport by a mechanism distinct from multidrug resistance.

Macrophages possess organic anion transporters that carry membrane-impermeant fluorescent dyes, such as lucifer yellow (LY) and carboxy-fluorescein, from the cytoplasm into endosomes and out of the cells. Probenecid, an organic anion transport inhibitor, blocks these processes. Prolonged incubation of J774 cells in medium containing 2.5 mM probenecid eventually kills most of these cells. To identify J774 variants that express increased organic anion transport activity, we selected probenecid-resistant (PBR) J774 cells by growing them in medium containing increasing concentrations of probenecid. When PBR and unselected J774 cells were loaded with LY by ATP4- permeabilization, the amount of LY accumulated by the PBR cells was about half that in the unselected cells. This difference was abolished by adding 10 mM probenecid to the medium in which the cells were loaded, suggesting that the diminished LY accumulation in PBR cells was due to enhanced LY secretion and that the PBR cells expressed increased organic anion transport activity. Direct comparison of LY efflux from J774 and PBR J774 cells showed a faster initial rate of secretion of LY from PBR J774 cells than from unselected J774 cells. To determine whether LY efflux is mediated by P-glycoprotein, we compared LY efflux in unselected J774 cells, PBR J774 cells, and multidrug-resistant J774 cells (J7.C1). LY efflux from J7.C1 cells was not sensitive to verapamil, which inhibits multidrug-resistance transporters, and reverses the multidrug-resistant phenotype of J7.C1 cells. The rates of LY efflux from unselected J774 and J7.C1 cells were virtually identical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Theories of dielectric failure

This is essentially a continuation of a paper I presented before this group in 1948 and which was printed, with discussions, in the June 1949 Electrical Engineering. Much debate has occurred on the extent to which failure of an insulated single conductor is governed by the maximum stress or the average stress and the relation of failure voltage to the geometry. The behaviors with d-c, a-c, and impulse voltage are all different.
Controversies in Vascular Neurosurgery: Aneurysm Remnants

The low prevalence but serious disability caused by hemorrhage of an incompletely occluded aneurysm understandably creates dispute regarding the proper management of these aneurysms. As mentioned in the previous sections, both aggressive and conservative management are feasible. The risks of retreatment and the risk of repeat hemorrhage both have to be carefully evaluated when deciding between aggressive treatment strategies and observation.
Inhibition of eIF2α Dephosphorylation Maximizes Bortezomib Efficiency and Eliminates Quiescent Multiple Myeloma Cells Surviving Therapy

Abstract The proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (Velcade®) effectively eradicates multiple myeloma (MM) cells, partly by activating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress apoptotic signaling. However, MM recurrences in Bortezomib-treated patients are invariable. We have shown that ER stress signaling can also induce growth arrest and survival in cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that Bortezomib therapy could induce quiescence and survival of residual MM cells, contributing to disease recurrence. Here we report that in MM cells, proteasome inhibition with MG-132 or Bortezomib results in a surviving cell fraction that enters a prolonged quiescent state (G0-G1 arrest). Mechanism analysis revealed that in Bortezomib-surviving quiescent cells eIF2α phosphorylation and induction of the ER stress pro-apoptotic gene, GADD153, were attenuated. In contrast, p38 and the ER-chaperone BiP/Grp78 were persistently activated and induced, respectively. The Bortezomib-surviving quiescent fraction could be eradicated by a simultaneous or sequential combination therapy with Salubrinal, an inhibitor of GADD34-PP1C phosphatase complex, and in consequence, eIF2α dephosphorylation. This effect was mimicked by expression of a phospho-mimetic eIF2α-S51D mutant. Our data indicate that Bortezomib can induce growth arrest in therapy-surviving MM cells and that attenuation of eIF2α phosphorylation and GADD153 induction contribute to this survival. Most importantly, this ability of MM cells to evade Bortezomib toxicity can be prevented by inhibiting eIF2a dephosphorylation. Thus, strategies that maintain eIF2α in a hyper-phosphorylated state may be a novel therapeutic approach to maximize Bortezomib-induced apoptosis and reduce recurrences in this type of cancer.
Domestic violence laws and suicide in Mexico

In the mid-1990s Mexican states began adopting reforms that for the first time criminalized domestic violence. Two separate policies were also adopted which allowed domestic violence to be grounds for divorce and established prevention and assistance programs for victims of domestic violence. I exploit the variation in time and geography to estimate the impact of these three policies on female suicide rates using a difference-in-difference methodology. The results indicate that states that criminalized domestic violence exhibited a 22–34% decrease in suicide rates compared to non-adopting states, but there is no robust evidence that the other two policies had any impact. A battery of tests provides support for the robustness of these findings and indicates that most of the effects are concentrated among married women. Analysis of a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey covering violence against women in Mexico suggests reduction in sexual and physical violence as a possible mechanism behind the reduction in female suicide rates. These findings are consistent with an intra-household bargaining model with asymmetric information and costly conflict which predicts that policies that reduce conflict within the household can reduce female suicides. The results highlight the importance of developing and implementing policies that facilitate reporting and providing access to legal institutions for victims of domestic violence, which can in turn improve a victim’s wellbeing.
Predicting students' performance and problem solving behavior from iList log data

In this paper, we analyze data gathered from students’ interactions with iList, an intelligent tutoring system that teaches linked lists to computer science (CS) undergraduates. A number of features have been extracted from the log files which were used to; a) build predictive models of students’ performance, b) analyze temporal aspects of students’ problem solving behavior. Our results suggest that it is possible to build predictive models of performance with an accuracy of 87% by using logistic regression. The results also show that it is more likely a student will perform a step correctly if s/he spends more time on it.
SPH modeling of short-crested waves

This study investigates short-crested wave breaking over a planar beach by using the mesh-free Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model, GPUSPH. The short-crested waves are created by generating intersecting wave trains in a numerical wave basin. We examine the influence of beach slope, incident wave height, and incident wave angle on the generated short-crested waves. Short-crested wave breaking over a steeper beach generates stronger rip currents, and larger circulation cells in front of the beach. Intersecting wave trains with a larger incident wave height drive a more complicated short-crested wave field including isolated breakers and wave amplitude diffraction. Nearshore circulation induced by short-crested wave breaking is greatly influenced by the incident wave angle (or the rip current spacing). There is no secondary circulation cell between the nodal line and the antinodal line if the rip current spacing is narrow. However, there are multiple secondary circulation cells observed when the rip current spacing is relatively large.
Evaluating LoRaWAN-based IoT devices for the tactical military environment

The ability to understand, predict, adapt, and exploit the vast array of inter-networked things that will be present in the future battlefield is critical for maintaining and increasing military competitive advantage. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept architecture for Internet of Things (IoT) in military applications. The proposed architecture utilizes LoRaWAN (Long Range low power Wide Area Network) state-of-the-art commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology. The proposed architecture consists of sensors, embedded micro-controllers equipped with LoRaWAN compatible radio, and a LoRaWAN gateway. The primary contributions of this paper are on evaluating the performance and suitability of LoRaWAN for the military environment as well as exploring the challenges of integrating LoRaWAN-based IoT devices into existing Command and Control (C2) systems within the military.
Flood Simulation in South Carolina Watersheds Using Different Precipitation Inputs

Flooding induced by extreme rainfall events causes tremendous loss of life and property and infrastructure failure. Accurate representation of precipitation, which has high variation in space and time, is critical to hydrologic model simulations and flood analyses. In this study, we examined responses of differently sized United States Geological Survey (USGS) hydrologic units to heavy precipitation using three different data sets. The first consists of rainfall observed at individual meteorological gauges. The second uses the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) 4 km gridded radar-estimated precipitation (GRIB) Stage IV data. The third one derives from the method we developed that blends gauge data with the spatial coverage of the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) data. We examined how two watersheds in South Carolina respond to the three different representations of heavy rainfall, using the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. We found that the latter two precipitation inputs that consider spatial representation of rainfall yielded similar performance and improved simulated streamflow as compared to simulation using rainfall observed at individual meteorological gauges. The method we developed overcomes the spatial sparsity of rain gauges required for interpolation and extends availability of precipitation surfaces. Our study advances the understanding of advantages and limitations of different precipitation products for flood simulation.
Is There Still a Role for Transvaginal Mesh in Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

The purpose of this review is to facilitate an understanding of where TVM may still serve a role in POP repair surgery. It provides a broad overview of evidence examining the differences in outcomes between TVM and other surgical interventions for POP. Although in 2003 TVM was introduced into the treatment paradigm for POP with limited data regarding safety and efficacy, the body of literature that has accrued in years gone by finds a narrow list of utility. Certain sub-categories of POP patients at increased risk for recurrence could potentially benefit from TVM placement for POP, including those with advanced preoperative vaginal prolapse stage (stage III or stage IV), levator avulsion, or increased levator hiatal area during Valsalva on ultrasound; in addition, perhaps those that are not surgical candidates for laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. That being said, the informed consent should use a benefit-risk assessment of intervention, avoiding a discussion solely based on risk of recurrence of POP. Despite the loss of many TVM kits from the market, the role for TVM continues to be elucidated with registries and long-term data analysis. TVM does not have a role in routine POP surgery, but may have benefit in a narrow segment of patients at increased risk for recurrence. Understanding the challenges presented by the use of TVM products, the future of surgical repair of POP may involve next-generation biomimetic implants, yielding an entirely new armamentarium in years to come.
The effect of leisure coping on depressive symptoms among individuals with depression: examination of potential confounding effects of physical activity and extraversion

Clinically significant depression has been consistently identified as a phenomenon directly linked to stress and stress coping. Leisure behavior as purposeful coping strategy (i.e. leisure coping) ...
Influence of high temperatures on the residual mechanical properties of a hybrid fiber-reinforced strain-hardening cementitious composite

Abstract Recent studies have shown improved mechanical performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concretes (FRC) compared to conventional concrete at high temperatures. While polymer fibers in FRC improve the compressive behavior by providing pathways for moisture to escape through melting of fibers at high temperatures, steel fibers in FRC improve the tensile behavior through crack-bridging at high temperatures. The goal of this research is to investigate the influence of utilizing both polymer and steel fibers in a single FRC for improving compressive and tensile properties at high temperatures, simultaneously. For this purpose, a Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-steel Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite (HFR-SHCC) was developed. SHCC is a special class of FRC with strain-hardening behavior under direct uniaxial tension. The residual compressive and tensile properties of HFR-SHCC after being subjected to temperatures of up to 800 °C were experimentally determined. Additional FRCs, including a conventional SHCC with only PVA fibers and a fiber-reinforced concrete with only steel fibers (steel FRC), as well as conventional concretes of two different compressive strengths were tested with the same protocol for a comprehensive comparison. The HFR-SHCC shows clear improvement over conventional SHCC, steel FRC and conventional concretes in terms of residual tensile strength after exposure to high temperatures, while simultaneously retaining the benefits of conventional SHCC, which include high tensile strain capacity and microscopic crack widths at normal temperatures and improved retention of compressive strength after exposure to high temperature.
Abstract TMP5: The Smoking-Thrombolysis Paradox in Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Endovascular Therapy

Background and Purpose: The smoking-thrombolysis paradox has been well described in myocardial infarction. However, its existence in the stroke population remains elusive. In the past decade, sever...
Insights on strategic air taxi network infrastructure locations using an iterative constrained clustering approach

Abstract Expected to launch globally in the forthcoming years, air taxis are brand-new aviation ridesharing services that will be provided by international logistic pioneers. This study is one of the first to estimate the demand for such a service and provide recommendations on the potential location of facilities to support this network operations. We adopt a two-phase approach: phase-1 estimates the demand for air taxi services by taking a subset of the regular taxi customers who are likely to avail this service, and phase-2 proposes a constrained clustering approach, with multimodal transportation-based warm start technique, to identify potential sites for locating infrastructures based on the estimated demand. We test the feasibility of the proposed approach using millions of real-life New York City taxi records. Results indicate that large facilities with a capacity of nearly 150 landings/hour have to be established in JFK International Airport and South Central Park, while smaller stops are required in World Trade Center, Washington Square and Allerton Ballfields. In addition, we evaluate the impact of the commuter’s “willingness to fly” rate, demand fulfillment rate and time-cost tradeoffs. Our analysis shows that the percentage of time savings and “willingness to fly” rate did not significantly impact location decisions and the number of sites, while it is necessary to conduct an intense market study to determine on-road travel limits. Insights provided in this study can act as a decision support tool for any logistics company that is interested in venturing into the air taxi market.
Human milk fortifiers: major flaws and imperfect solutions

Objective: Use of multi-nutrients fortifiers is standard of care for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants fed exclusively human milk. We aim to compare the macro- and micro-nutrients in human milk after fortification with different commercial human milk fortifiers (HMFs) with the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee of Nutrition (AAPCON) recommended range of intake. Design/Methods: Protein, fat, carbohydrate and micronutrients of human milk fortified with HMF according to manufacturer’s recommendations were compared to the …
A State Factor Model for Ecosystem Carbon-Water Relations.

With increasing calls for improving terrestrial carbon sequestration and sustainable water use, scientists are faced with the challenge of predicting changes in carbon–water relations from organisms to landscapes. We propose an integrative framework to help in answering basic and applied questions pertaining to coupled carbon–water functions in a variety of ecosystems. The conceptual framework is based on data from a globally representative set of ecosystems that hold vast amounts of carbon and provide water for rural and urban land uses. We focus on examples that demonstrate the value of an integrated approach that combines fast- and slow-changing state factors (i.e., variables that define structural properties and functional processes at the soil–plant–atmosphere interface) to improve predictions of carbon–water relations across scales.
Synthesis and Reactivity Studies of a [Cp*Rh] Complex Supported by a Methylene-Bridged Hybrid Phosphine-Imine Ligand.

Abstract [Cp∗Rh] complexes (Cp∗ = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) supported by bidentate chelating ligands are useful in studies of redox chemistry and catalysis, but little information is available for derivatives bearing “hybrid” [P,N] chelates. Here, the preparation, structural characterization, and chemical and electrochemical properties of a [Cp∗Rh] complex bearing the κ2-[P,N]-2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine ligand (PN) are reported. Cyclic voltammetry data reveal that [Cp∗Rh(PN)Cl]PF6 (1) undergoes a chemically reversible, net two-electron reduction at −1.28 V vs. ferrocenium/ferrocene, resulting in generation of a rhodium(I) complex (3) that is stable on the timescale of the voltammetry. However, 1H and 31P{1H} NMR studies reveal that chemical reduction of 1 generates a mixture of products over a 1 h timescale; this mixture forms as a result of deprotonation of the methylene group of 1 by 3 followed by further reactivity. The analogous complex [Cp∗Rh(PQN)Cl]PF6 (2; PQN = κ2-[P,N]-8-(diphenylphosphino)quinoline) does not undergo self-deprotonation or further reactivity upon two-electron reduction, confirming the reactivity of the acidic backbone methylene C–H bonds in the PN complexes. Comparison of the electrochemical properties 1 and 2 also shows that the extended conjugated system of PQN contributes to an additional ligand-centered redox event for 2 that is absent for 1.
Wrack and ruin: Legacy hydrologic effects of hurricane-deposited wrack on hardwood-hammock coastal islands

Hurricanes can cause immediate catastrophic destruction of marsh vegetation and erosion of soils; however, they also have long-lasting ecological impacts. Those impacts include the deposition of tremendous amounts of saltmarsh litter ("wrack") onto upland ecosystems, the hydrologic effects of which have not previously been investigated. When Hurricane Irma battered the southeastern US coastline, widespread wrack deposition was reported (often exceeding 0.5 m depth), especially in vulnerable coastal hammock ecosystems: locally-elevated forests within the saltmarshes that rely on freshwater inputs from rain. We report the impacts of this deposited wrack, which has persisted for 2 years, on effective precipitation inputs to coastal hammock soils. At a coastal hammock site, wrack deposits of 22-38 cm depth were estimated to store 10.2-19.9 mm of rain, reducing net rainfall to the surface by 66% over the study period (Oct 2018 – Jun 2019). Three months of calibration data collected from wrack lysimeters in the field supported this interception estimate, as only 49 mm of the total 170 mm (29%) of rain that fell on the wrack was transmitted through to the soil surface. These litter interception effects on precipitation inputs far exceed those that have been described in other ecosystems and we hypothesized that they alter the growing conditions of these precipitation-dependent trees. The marshgrass (Spartina alterniflora), from which the wrack that was studied originates, is a globally abundant native and often invasive plant; thus, understanding the duration and extent of those effects on ecohydrological processes may be crucial to managing and conserving these ecosystems, especially given rising sea levels and changing hurricane regimes.
Chemical activation of oxygen molecule by quantum electronic state selected vanadium cation: observation of spin–orbit state effects

By employing two-colour laser pulsed field ionisation-photoion (PFI-PI) double-quadrupole-double-octopole ion-molecule apparatus, we have examined the absolute integral cross-section (σ) for the re...
Amniotic fluid embolism and management of coagulopathy: A case report with successful outcome:

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare and potentially catastrophic condition unique to pregnancy. Presentation may range from subtle clinical events to sudden and fatal maternal cardiorespiratory...
Cytokine Levels and Symptoms Among Women with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Considering the Role of Hormonal Contraceptive Use.

Background:Young to middle-aged women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Immune dysfunction may be present in IBS, however, few studies have tested whethe...
Proliferation of Endothelial and Tumor Epithelial Cells by Progestin- Induced VEGF from Human Breast Cancer Cells: Paracrine and Autocrine Effects

1290 Angiogenesis or the formation of new blood vessels is essential for tumor expansion, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent angiogenic growth factors known. We recently discovered that natural and synthetic progestins induce VEGF in a sub-set of breast cancer cells in a progesterone receptor (PR) dependent manner. This observation could be very significant since a vast majority of all breast tumors are estrogen receptor and PR-positive. It is known that tumor-secreted VEGF can diffuse from tumor cells and increase the proliferation of surrounding endothelial cells. However, it is not known if hormone-induced VEGF from tumor cells can also regulate angiogenesis, thereby leading to tissue expansion. It is thus critical to investigate the functional role of progestin-induced VEGF in promoting angiogenesis and breast cancer cell growth, since PR could be considered a target for therapeutic intervention of VEGF production. In the present study, we investigated whether progestin-induced VEGF from breast tumor cell lines can function in a paracrine manner to induce proliferation of endothelial cells, and in addition if hormone induced VEGF can function in a paracrine/autocrine manner to increase the proliferation of tumor epithelial cells. Our novel findings indicate that conditioned medium from a sub-set of progestin-treated breast tumor cells can induce proliferation of endothelial cells in a paracrine manner and can induce proliferation of tumor epithelial cells in a paracrine and an autocrine manner. The use of an anti-VEGF antibody and SU-1498, an inhibitor of the VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2 or flk/kdr) demonstrated that these proliferative effects involve interactions between VEGF and VEGFR-2. Also, blockage of progestin-induced VEGF by the anti-progestin RU-486 eliminated VEGF-induced proliferative effects. The ability of VEGF to increase proliferation of endothelial cells and tumor cells, including tumor cells that do not release VEGF in response to progestins, suggests that these effects are mediated by amplification of the progestin signal, which ultimately results in angiogenesis and tumor growth. These novel findings suggest that targeting the release of VEGF from tumor epithelial cells and blocking interactions between VEGF and VEGFR-2 on both endothelial and tumor epithelial cells may lead to the development of new anti-angiogenic therapies for progestin-dependent breast tumors. Furthermore, these data indicate that PR is a molecular target for anti-angiogenic therapy and that selective PR modulators should be developed to block release of angiogenic growth factors from the breast cancer cells. Supported by NIH grant CA-86916. SMH is the Zalk Missouri Professor of Tumor Angiogenesis.