cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coupled basis learning and regularized reconstruction for BCG artifact removal in simultaneous EEG-FMRI studies

The ballistocardiogram (BCG) is a major artifact in electroencephalographic (EEG) data acquired inside a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, and is several times larger in magnitude than the actual EEG signals. Removing the BCG artifacts remains an unresolved challenge, especially in studies of continuous EEG recordings. In this work, we propose a Direct Recording-Joint Incoherent Basis (DRJIB) method to decompose the observed noisy EEG measurements into BCG and underlying EEG components. We compare its preliminary performance quantitatively with that of the benchmark Optimal Basis Set (OBS) method. Without assuming orthogonality or independence of the BCG and EEG subspaces, as in conventional methods, our approach learns the bases faithfully from BCG-only and EEG-only signals acquired from our new experimental setup. Specifically, to promote subspace separability, a paired set of low-dimensional and semi-orthogonal (BCG, EEG) basis representations is obtained by minimizing a cost function consisting of group sparsity penalties for automatic dimension selection and an energy term for encouraging incoherence. Reconstruction is subsequently obtained by fitting the contaminated data to a generative model using the learned bases subject to regularization. In the challenging non-event-related EEG studies, our DRJIB method outperforms the OBS method by nearly 12-fold in separating and preserving the continuous BCG and EEG signals.
A review on current status of hydrogen production from bio-oil

Abstract Increase in energy demand and growing environmental awareness has increased interest for alternative renewable energy sources over the last few years. Hydrogen produces only water during combustion, and therefore, it is seen as an alternative fuel for locomotive application. Nonetheless, hydrogen is not an energy source; rather it is an energy carrier. Different techniques are being explored to find an economical way of generating hydrogen from renewable resources. Hydrogen production from water using sunlight is still expensive. Biomass is another alternative to produce hydrogen. Bio-oil derived from biomass using a fast pyrolysis is a potential source for hydrogen production. Although different techniques have been employed to produce hydrogen from bio-oil, significant effort has been put into steam reforming process. This paper reviews major hydrogen production techniques with a great deal of importance given to steam reforming. The important factors that are known to affect hydrogen yield are temperature, steam to carbon ratio, and catalyst type. Literature review of bio-oil steam reforming technique has been done, and a comparison of experimental conditions has been carried out. However, as a major shortcoming, this technique is accompanied by the formation of carbonaceous deposits over the catalyst surface rendering it inactive and requiring frequent regeneration. Coke formation has been cited as the major disadvantage of bio-oil reforming, and it is more pronounced when Ni based catalysts are used.
Iliac artery stenosis causing renal allograft-mediated hypertension: angiographic diagnosis and treatment.

Renovasculan hypertension due to transplant renal artery stenosis is well recognized, variably reported in 2% to 25% of allognafts [1 -3]. Most stenoses occur at on near the surgical anastomosis [1 , 3]. Intimal hyperplasia, probably due to both rejection and endothelial trauma, is considered the most common cause [3]. The resultant hypertension is often quite difficult to treat medically. Graft function may be compromised on threatened. Favorable results with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) have been reported by most groups [1 , 3], although some have had lower success rates [4]. As olden persons are accepted as transplantation candidates, and as the recipient population ages, it follows that occlusive atherosclerosis of the native aortoiliac system will be present or will develop proximal to the graft. Intimal hypenplasia also may develop after the surgical manipulation. This report presents three patients in whom transplant nenovascular hypertension developed because of a proximal, flowlimiting iliac artery stenosis. Angiognaphic diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
Discussion of “Estimation of the Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient Using the Velocity Profile in Natural Streams” by Il Won Seo and Kyong Oh Baek

The authors began this paper with the statement, “When a one-dimensional model is used for predicting the concentration variation of pollutants in natural streams, the selection of a proper dispersion coefficient is considered the most important task.” The discussers have been involved in numerous projects that included water quality modeling of rivers, and in our personal experience, in no case was the estimation of the dispersion coefficient considered the most important task. Usually the dispersion coefficient was adjusted as one of many calibration parameters to help match the water-quality data. Often the lack of spatial water quality data meant that once a dispersion value was selected it was not further adjusted, as other parameters were much more sensitive in the calculation. The discussers and others have found that for steadystate water quality models the dispersion coefficient is among the least sensitive of parameters e.g., Himesh et al. 2000 . When constructing a water quality model of a river, one is faced with many decisions. These include in no particular order • Grid resolution; • Temporal dynamics steady state vs. time variable ; • Selection of state variables; • Chemical kinetic parameters; • Model boundaries where to set them, boundary conditions ; • Presence and nature of load sources; • Availability, temporal resolution, and quality of flow data; • Presence of water withdrawals; • Availability, resolution spatial and temporal , and quality of water quality data; and • Flow conditions to be modeled e.g., low flow or storm conditions . Included in the above list will be the specification of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient. In our experience, unless the model is of a well-known, well-studied river, the chances that a measured value of the dispersion coefficient can be found are slim. Even for a river where measurements have been made, it is common that large variations in dispersion occur for varying
Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Profiles of Cigarette Smokers from Randomly Selected Families: Enhancement of Hyperlipidemia and Depression of High-Density Lipoprotein

Abstract Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. However, its mechanisms of action remain to be fully explored. The hypothesis of the present study is that 1 mechanism whereby cigarette smoking enhances coronary disease might result from its effects upon the plasma lipids. Accordingly, we measured the plasma lipids and lipoproteins in cigarette smokers, exsmokers and nonsmokers from 233 randomly selected American families. Cigarette smokers (male and female) had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein levels and higher very low density lipoprotein and plasma triglyceride levels than the exsmokers and nonsmokers. The plasma levels of lipids and lipoproteins were related to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Heavier cigarette smokers (> 25 cigarettes/ day) had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein levels and significantly higher very low density lipoprotein total cholesterol and plasma triglyceride levels than those who smoked
Solar Irradiance Reference Spectra (SIRS) for the 2008 Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI)

[1] The IHY2007 Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI) for solar Carrington Rotation 2068 (20 March to 16 April 2008) has been very successful in obtaining a wide variety of solar, heliospheric, and planetary observations during times of solar cycle minimum conditions. One of these efforts is the generation of solar irradiance reference spectra (SIRS) from 0.1 nm to 2400 nm using a combination of satellite and sounding rocket observations. These reference spectra include daily satellite observations from TIMED Solar Extreme ultraviolet Experiment (SEE) and Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) instruments. The extreme ultraviolet range is also improved with higher spectral resolution observations using the prototype SDO Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) aboard a sounding rocket launched on 14 April 2008. The SIRS result is an important accomplishment in that it is the first data set to have simultaneous measurements over the full spectral coverage up to 2400 nm during solar cycle minimum conditions.
Tissue localization of therapy targets in cancer: Immunohistochemistry and beyond

The evolving fields of pharmacogenomics and pharmacodiagnostics have lead to a paradigm shift in the treatment of human cancer. Pathology laboratories are now in the logical position to take the opportunity and become proactive in the overall management of patients with cancer. In this educational exercise, we briefly review the role of the laboratory in the era of personalized medicine in general and targeted cancer therapy in particular.
Measurements of 3 He spin-exchange rates

He. In the course of these measurements we developed and tested a new method for Rb densitymeasurements under high power pumping conditions, and a new variant of Rb EPR polarimetry, both of whichare described here.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.032703 PACS number~s!: 34.30.1h, 32.80.Bx, 33.25.1kI. INTRODUCTION
Seamless access to multiple wireless data networks. A wireless data network infrastructure at Carnegie Mellon University

In order to support mobile computing research, including the development of software which will allow seamless access to multiple wireless data networks, a wireless data network infrastructure is being built at Carnegie Mellon University. This infrastructure will allow researchers and other members of the campus community to use mobile computers to gain access to data networks while they are on-campus, or off-campus in the greater Pittsburgh area. The infrastructure will initially include two different types of wireless networks, a low-bandwidth wide area system and a high-bandwidth local area system, each of which will provide access to the campus computer network. Since the campus network is called "Andrew" (after Andrew Carnegie and Andrew Mellon), the new wireless infrastructure has been dubbed "Wireless Andrew". The article describes the Wireless Andrew infrastructure being built. An overview of the infrastructure and the characteristics of the two types of wireless networks used are presented. Each of these networks is then described in more detail. The technology used, its implementation in the wireless network infrastructure, and deployment experience are discussed.
Design of a small animal biopsy robot

Small animals are widely used in biomedical research studies. They have compact anatomy and small organs. Therefore it is difficult to perceive tumors or cells and perform biopsies manually. Robotics technology offers a convenient and reliable solution for accurate needle insertion. In this paper, a novel 5 degrees of freedom (DOF) robot design for inserting needles into small animal subjects is proposed. The design has a compact size, is light weight, and has high resolution. Parallel mechanisms are used in the design for stable and reliable operation. The proposed robot has two gimbal joints that carry the needle mechanism. The robot can realize dexterous alignment of the needle before insertion.
Audio steganography by cepstrum modification

A method of embedding information in the cepstral domain of a cover audio signal is described for audio steganography applications. The proposed technique combines the commonly employed psychoacoustical masking property of the human auditory system with the decorrelation property of the speech cepstrum, and achieves imperceptible embedding, large payload, and accurate data retrieval. Results of embedding using a clean and a noisy hot utterance show the embedded information is robust to additive noise and bandpass filtering.
Controlling the orientation of spin-correlated radical pairs by covalent linkage to nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide membranes

Ordered multi-spin assemblies are required for developing solid-state molecule-based spintronics. A linear donor–chromophore–acceptor (D–C–A) molecule was covalently attached inside the 150 nm diam. nanopores of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. Photoexcitation of D–C–A in a 343 mT magnetic field results in sub-nanosecond, two-step electron transfer to yield the spin-correlated radical ion pair (SCRP) 1(D+˙–C–A−˙), which then undergoes radical pair intersystem crossing (RP-ISC) to yield 3(D+˙–C–A−˙). RP-ISC results in S–T0 mixing to selectively populate the coherent superposition states |S′〉 and |T′〉. Microwave-induced transitions between these states and the unpopulated |T+1〉 and |T−1〉 states result in spin-polarized time-resolved EPR (TREPR) spectra. The dependence of the electron spin polarization (ESP) phase of the TREPR spectra on the orientation of the AAO membrane pores relative to the externally applied magnetic field is used to determine the overall orientation of the SCRPs within the pores at room temperature.
Reoxygenation of Hypoxic Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Activates the Classic Complement Pathway

Background Ischemia-reperfusion injury leads to the activation and endothelial deposition of complement. We investigated whether exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to hypoxia and/or reoxygenation activates complement and decreases HUVEC-surface expression of the C3 regulatory proteins CD46 and CD55. Methods and Results HUVECs were subjected to 0, 12, or 24 hours of hypoxia (O2=1%) and then reoxygenated for 3 hours (O2=21%) in the presence of 30% human serum. C3 deposition and HUVEC-surface expression of CD46 and CD55 were evaluated by ELISA and flow cytometry. C3 deposition on HUVECs subjected to 12 or 24 hours of hypoxia followed by 3 hours of reoxygenation was significantly greater than normoxic HUVECs. Inhibition of the classic but not the alternative complement pathway during reoxygenation attenuated C3 deposition. Western blot analysis of HUVEC lysates under reducing conditions demonstrated significantly increased iC3b deposition in hypoxic/reoxygenated HUVECs compared with n...
Modeling within-field gate length spatial variation for process-design co-optimization

Pelgrom's model suggests that a spatial correlation structure is inherent in the physical properties of semiconductor devices; specifically, devices situated closely together will be subject to a higher degree of correlation than devices separated by larger distances. Since correlation of device gate length values caused by systematic variations in microlithographic processing is known to carry a significant impact on the variability of circuit performance, we attempt to extract and understand the nature of spatial correlation across an entire die. Based on exhaustive, full-wafer critical dimension measurements collected using electrical linewidth metrology for wafers processed in a standard 130nm lithography cell, we calculate a spatial correlation metric of gate length over a full-field range in both horizontal and vertical orientations. Using a rudimentary model fit to these results, we investigate the impact of correlation in the spatial distribution on the variability of circuit performance using a series of Monte Carlo analyses in HSPICE; it is confirmed that this correlation does indeed present a significant influence on performance variability. From the same dataset, we also extract both the across-wafer (AW) and within-field (WIF) contributions to systematic variation. We find that the spatial correlation model’s shape is strongly related to these two components of variation (both in magnitude as well as by spatial fingerprint). By artificially reducing each of these components of systematic variation-thereby simulating the effects of active, across-field process compensation-we show that spatial correlation is significantly reduced, nearly to zero. This implies that Pelgrom's model may not apply to die-scale separation distances, and that a more accurate correlation theory would combine Pelgrom's model over very short separation distances with a systematic variation model that captures variability over longer distances by means of non-stationary distributions.
Investing in vaccines for developing countries: How public-private partnerships can confront neglected diseases.

This commentary discusses the barrier of vaccine price on sustainable immunization programs in developing countries and offers examples of new mechanisms driven by public–private partnerships to overcome issues of affordability. These mechanisms include Advance Market Commitments with vaccine manufacturers, which take a demand-pull approach to ensure increased production of available vaccines or development of new vaccines for neglected diseases. A second approach applies a supply-push mechanism, such as technology transfer to developing-country manufacturers. A public–private partnership that set long-term, maximum public-sector pricing to increase access of a Japanese encephalitis vaccine for the developing world is highlighted. Lessons learned from this experience can be applied to address common obstacles to new vaccine introduction in resource-limited countries, including issues of affordability, manufacturing capacity, equity in access, and quality assurance.
Chelate mediated transfer of iron from transferrin to desferrioxamine.

SUMMARY. Desferrioxamine, widely used for the treatment of iron overload in Cooley's anaemia, binds iron so tightly that it should quantitatively remove iron from transferrin. Studies conducted in vivo and in vitro, however, have failed to demonstrate significant depletion of transferrin-bound iron by a stoichiometric excess of desferrioxamine. However, low molecular weight chelating agents, capable of forming ternary complexes with transferrin and ferric iron, can promote a rapid transfer of iron from transferrin to desferrioxamine. A possible mechanism for this facilitated exchange is offered.
A controlled trial of therapy in chronic urticaria.

Abstract Nineteen patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (duration 2 to 192 mo) referred to our clinic as therapeutic failures were treated sequentially with five regimens. These were administered orally in a double-blind random sequence and included hydroxyzine pamoate (25 mg q.i.d.) plus one of the following: (1) placebo, (2) terbutaline (2.5 mg q.i.d.), (3) cyproheptadine (4 mg q.i.d.), (4) chlorpheniramine (4 mg q.i.d.), and (5) cimetidine (300 mg q.i.d.). Therapeutic response was assessed by patient's subjective choice, symptom diary scores, and suppression of wheal response to intradermal injections of histamine and compound 48/80. At least 35% improvement was noted in all patients with an average optimal response of 70%. The hydroxyzine-cimetidine combination was favored by 11 of 19 (58%) patients, in addition to producing the lowest symptom scores and the greatest histamine-48/80 wheal suppression. These results support the efficacy of combination H 1 and H 2 antihistamines in the management of some patients with difficult chronic urticaria.
HIV-1 Drug Resistance Profiles in Children and Adults With Viral Load of <50 Copies/mL Receiving Combination Therapy

ContextThe continued release of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into plasma at very low levels during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can be detected using specialized techniques, but the nature and significance of this low-level viremia, especially as related to acquisition of drug resistance mutations, are unclear.ObjectiveTo determine genetic resistance profiles of low-level plasma HIV-1 in patients with prolonged viral suppression (<50 copies/mL of plasma HIV-1 RNA) while receiving HAART.Design and SettingCross-sectional study conducted at a US academic hospital from November 1999 to February 2001 using a novel method for amplification of low levels of viral genomes in plasma.PatientsEighteen HIV-1–infected patients (7 children and 11 adults), enrolled in a longitudinal study of HIV-1 reservoirs, who had suppression of viral replication while receiving protease inhibitor–containing combination therapy. Two patients (1 adult and 1 child) with less optimal suppression of viral replication were included to assess virus predominating when plasma HIV-1 RNA levels are low but detectable (<1000 copies/mL). Follow-up analyses were conducted in 3 patients.Main Outcome MeasureDetection of drug resistance mutations in clones amplified from low-level plasma virus.ResultsViral sequences were amplified from 8 of the 18 patients with simultaneous plasma HIV-1 measurements of less than 50 copies/mL and from 2 patients with 231 and 50 copies/mL. Clones from 3 treatment-naive patients with less than 50 copies/mL of plasma HIV-1 RNA showed continued release, for as long as 42 months, of wild-type drug-sensitive virus. The 7 patients with prior nonsuppressive therapy, with viral loads below 50 copies/mL and during "blips" to 231 and 64 copies/mL, had only resistance mutations consistent with pre-HAART therapy (although reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations may have continued to occur). New HAART-related mutations were seen in a control patient with prior viral load levels of about 400 to 1000 copies/mL. For phylogenetic analysis, sequences were available for both resting CD4+ T cells and plasma HIV for 7 of 10 patients and showed patient-specific clustering of sequences and a close relationship between virus in the plasma and the latent reservoir.ConclusionsBased on the samples that could be amplified, low-level viremia in children and adults receiving HAART with prolonged suppression of viremia to less than 50 copies/mL of HIV-1 RNA may result primarily from archival, pre-HAART virus, reflecting earlier treatment conditions, and does not appear to require development of new, HAART-selected mutations reflecting partial resistance to therapy. Low-level viremia below 50 copies/mL may represent less of a concern regarding impending drug failure of current HAART regimens. However, the archival drug-resistant virus may be relevant regarding future treatment strategies.
Chinese Socialization and Emotion Talk Between Mothers and Children in Native and Immigrant Chinese Families

This study takes a narrative approach to examine parenting in changing cultural contexts. It focuses on narrative practices pertaining to emotion socialization in Chinese families in China and first generation immigrant Chinese families in the United States. Mothers were asked to talk with their 3-year-old children at home about two shared past events and a story (118 mother–child dyads; 55 girls and 63 boys). Mother–child emotion talk during the tasks was analyzed along the dimensions of attributions (i.e., utterances ascribing an emotional state or reaction) and explanations (i.e., utterances explaining the causes or consequences of an emotion). Immigrant Chinese mothers seemed more “Chinese” in their emotion talk; they attributed fewer emotions to their children during memory sharing and yet ascribed more emotions to the story protagonist during storytelling, and they less frequently explained the causes or consequences of emotions in both tasks, compared with native Chinese mothers who exhibited a more Western pattern of interaction with their children. The findings highlight the dynamic nature of culture in shaping parenting and child development pertaining to emotion. Limitations of the study are discussed and future research is suggested.
Partially and totally asynchronous algorithms for linear complementarity problems

A unified treatment is given for partially and totally asynchronous parallel successive overrelaxation (SOR) algorithms for the linear complementarity problem. Convergence conditions are established and compared to previous results. Convergence of the partially asynchronous method for the symmetric linear complementarity problem can be guaranteed if the relaxation factor is sufficiently small. Unlike previous results, this relaxation factor interval does not depend explicitly on problem size.
Endosomatic electrodermal correlates of hypnotic depth and susceptibility

Abstract Correlations between endosomatic measures of electrodermal activity and hypnotic depth and susceptibility were made for 51 subjects. Significant correlations appeared between waking level of GSP and hypnotic performance; high subjects tended to maintain a high level of GSP, low ones to show gradual drift during the experiment in a positive (lower alertness) direction. Apparent correlations with shift in level during hypnotic induction disappeared when the correlation between waking level and shift in level was taken into account. No correlations between spontaneous activity and either depth or susceptibility were found. An interpretation in terms of more sustained rapport is suggested.
Behavioral simulations of a self-correcting A/D converter architecture

Behavioral simulations of an experimental analog to digital (A/D) converter architecture using the Saber simulator are presented. Offset, gain errors, and higher order nonlinearities of various converter components are modeled. Simulations confirm the ability of the converter to calibrate around these nonidealities. >
Usability and Usage of Interactive Features in an Online Ebook for CS Teachers

There are too few secondary school computing teachers to meet international needs for growing secondary school computing education. Our group has created an ebook to help prepare secondary teachers to teach the programming and big data concepts in the new AP Computer Science Principles course. The ebook was designed using principles from educational psychology, specifically worked examples and cognitive load. The ebook interleaves worked examples and interactive practice activities, which we believe will lead to more efficient and effective learning than more typical approaches to learning programming. This paper reports the results from initial studies of our ebook. First, we conducted a usability study comparing three different ebook platforms. Next, we conducted a study of teacher use of the ebook. Ten teachers worked through the first eight chapters of the ebook at their own pace. Five of the ten teachers completed the first eight chapters which is a 50% completion rate. Significantly, teachers who used more of the interactive features in the ebook did better on the post-tests and reported higher confidence in their ability to teach the material than teachers who used few of the interactive features.
Environment and Methods for Robust Computer Aided Control Systems Design for Nonlinear Plants

Abstract A general software environment and a control system design approach for multivariable nonlinear plants are motivated and developed. The software environment recognizes the iterative nature of the design process and completely automates it; it is described in functional terms, as viewed by the control system designer. The design method is based on recent breakthroughs in describing function theory that uses a modern algebraic problem formulation to remove all previous nonlinear system restrictions: one may deal with plants having any number of nonlinearities, in any configuration, and of any type, including multiple input nonlinearities, and arrive at quasilinear models of the plant that will serve as a realistic basis for control system design.
The race to decode life

The second of the two 1953 Watson and Crick papers in Nature (May 30) was titled “Genetical Implications of the Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid,” but the genetical implication uppermost in their minds was not how DNA coded for proteins. Rather they emphasized that the structure solved “…one of the biological problems — the molecular basis of the template needed for genetic replication.” Perhaps the answer to how a DNA molecule could act as a carrier of genetic information was self-evident and it was dealt with in a single sentence: “it seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries genetical information.”
Energy Drink Use Among Ohio Appalachian Smokers.

Caffeine-containing energy drinks have emerged as a public health concern due to their association with caffeine toxicity and alcohol use. Despite the fact that previous research has linked caffeine use in the form of coffee drinking to smoking, there is little research examining the association between energy drinks and smoking. The present study examines demographic and behavioral factors associated with energy drink use among a sample of rural Ohio Appalachian smokers. It was hypothesized that male gender, young age (21–30 years.) and alcohol use would be associated with energy drink use. A sample of adult smokers (n = 298) from Ohio Appalachian counties were interviewed regarding demographic and behavioral factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between these factors and energy drink use. Seventy percent of Ohio Appalachian smokers studied had ever used an energy drink and 40 % had used an energy drink in the past month. Young age, male gender, and single marital status were associated with higher odds of ever having used an energy drink. Young age, and binge drinking were associated with higher odds of past 30-day use while abstinence from drinking was associated with lower odds of past 30-day use. Ohio Appalachian adult smokers had higher rates of energy drink use compared to previous estimates of ever or past month use found in other studies. The combined use of caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol warrants attention due to potential for health risk.
Synergism of carbamate and organophosphate insecticides by noninsecticidal carbamates.

Nearly 200 materials, primarily noninsecticidal carbamates and related chemicals, were evaluated as synergists for carbamate and organophosphate insecticides against several strains of the house fly, Musca domestica L. About half of the compounds, many of them new, were especially prepared for this study. Others were obtained from commercial sources or from the chemical files of the Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, USDA. Many materials were active as synergists. The most effective reduced resistance to Isolan® (I-isopropyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate) and to a mixture of carbaryl:piperonyl butoxide in carbamate-resistant strains from 10-fold to 2-fold or less. With the organophosphate malathion, the most effective synergists reduced resistance from 300-fold to 5-fold or less. Synergism of carbaryl against a susceptible fly strain was demonstrated in limited tests. The synergists compared favorably with piperonyl butoxide as carbamate synergists and favorably with DEF® ( S,S,S -tributyl phosphorotrithioate) as malathion synergists. The results support the hypothesis that different alleles of the same major gene confer resistance to carbamates and organophosphates in the house fly.
Suppression of cancer chemotherapy-induced vomiting in the cat by nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid

Summary and conclusionNabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, has been shown to have a unique spectrum of antiemetic activity in the cat. Doses of nabilone (25-100 μg/kg) required to suppress emesis induced by apomorphine, deslanoside and the anticancer drugs BCNU, HN2 and cis-Pt produced behavioral disturbances concomitantly. Vomiting evoked by nicotine was not blocked by nabilone. It is suggested that the emetic suppressant action of nabilone is effected in the fbrebrain in association with its psychotropic influence to cause an inhibition of the vomiting control mechanism in the medulla oblongata through descending connections. We conclude that the results with nabilone in an appropriate animal model confirm the clinical finding that the cannabinoids provide therapeutic benefit against the severe vomiting of cancer chemotherapy.
Relation of Gastric Acidity to Alveolar Bone Resorption

The absorption of calcium occurs chiefly from the upper part of the small intestine, the reaction of whose contents has been shown1 normally to be acid. Irving and Ferguson2 found the absorption of calcium to be facilitated when solutions of calcium chloride, deposited directly in the intestine of dogs, were buffered so as to maintain an acid reaction. There is a direct relationship between pH of the intestinal contents and gastric free acidity3 and with advancing age there is a reduction in gastric acidity of both sexes.4 Clinical experience5 indicates that periclasia, one feature of which is alveolar bone resorption, is a condition which rarely occurs before age 20 but increases markedly in incidence after age 30. The coincidence of approximately equal age distributions of cases of physiological hypochlorhydria, periclasia and senile osteoporosis suggests that some cases of alveolar bone resorption are due to deficient calcium absorption consequent upon the secretion of an amount of hydrochloric acid by...
The Poetics of Game Design, Rhetoric and the Independent Game.

This paper approaches the question about games as art from a fundamentally different perspective. Instead of asking questions of visual aesthetics and pursuing analogies to film or commercial arts, it demonstrates an even clearer analogy to poetic forms. Allying common practices in independent games in particular, this paper serves as an illustrative demonstration of the poetics of game design, emphasizing the poetic properties of independent game designs. It frames game design in terms of the rhetorical devices used to create an experience. Such framing is useful to independent game designers, developers of persuasive and critical gameplay, and archivists seeking an effective way to catalog digital games that is driven by structure instead of subject or play mechanic.
Out of Sight, Out of Mind, But Not Out of Duty: Adoption Agencies' Duty to Disclose Medical Information to Birth Parents Post-Relinquishment

Today, the role of a child welfare agency is multi-faceted. An agency often provides adoption services, unwed parent services, and foster care services. As a result, agencies struggle to meet the often conflicting needs of three separate clients: the child, the adoptive parents, and the birth parents. Each part of the adoption triangle presents its own unique problems. From the child needing placement in a permanent family to the adoptive parents wanting a child, to the birth parents not ready or not willing to become parents, an agency works to meet all needs. In doing so, the agency often takes on the role of intermediary, serving to place the child of the birth parents with adoptive parents. As an intermediary, one role of the agency is as an information conduit. The birth parents relay information about their medical history, family background, and reasons for relinquishment. In turn, the agency passes non-identifying information on to the adoptive parents. As an adult, the child may return to the agency and receive this non-identifying information for him. In modern adoptions, the birth parents also may receive information about the adoptive parents and the child. Indeed, post-placement information sharing is often heralded by agencies in their marketing efforts to recruit adoptable babies. The law fully recognizes an agency's legal duty to disclose information to the child and adoptive parents. State statutes dictate what information must be shared. Indeed, adoptive parents may recover damages against an agency for failure to disclose pertinent medical or social history information. The law, however, inadequately protects birth parents. While some states have recognized the need for disclosure of medical information, the vast majority do not. Medical information regarding the adopted child can be just as crucial to birth parents, however, in their later reproductive decisionmaking. Knowledge that an earlier child had a genetic illness may impact a birth parent's decision to have additional children, to undergo genetic counseling, and to undergo extensive prenatal testing. Birth parents seeking damages for an agency's failure to disclose medical information regarding the adopted child received post-adoption have, however, been turned away for lack of duty. This essay will examine whether an agency owes a duty to birth parents to disclose information received post-placement. First, this essay will consider the changing practices of modern adoption and their potential ramifications for agency duties. Second, it will examine the birth parents' need for information and the nature of an agency's duty. Last, this essay will consider four theories under which a duty to disclose to birth parents could be established. This essay will conclude that changed adoption agency practices result in an agency's acquired duty to disclose medical information received to birth parents. As a result, agencies may be held liable for failure to disclose information received to birth parents.
Application of Orthogonal Experiment Design in Optimizing the Determination Condition of Manganese in Urine by GFAAS

[Objective]Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrum (GFAAS) was applied to define the best laboratory condition for the determination of manganese in urine. [Methods]The four major factors including ashing time, ashing temperature, atomization time and atomization temperature were arranged and tested according to the L16(4 4) orthogonal table; the operation conditions of the apparatus were optimized and the performances were estimated, including accuracy, precision, detection limit and characteristic mass (mo). [Results]The best ashing temperature and atomization temperature were 1300℃ and 2400℃ respectively; the ashing time and atomization time were 8s and 12s respectively; the RSD (n=6) were 2.12%～5.98%, the recoveries were 96.7%～99.6%; the detection limit was 0.17 μg/L and the characteristic mass (mo) was 1.78 pg. [Conclusion]Efficient experiment and reasonable results could be obtained with the orthogonal experiment design; this method is accurate, sensitive and simple, and totally accord with the demand of determining manganese in urine.
Structural studies on the proteins of bacteriophages: I. Alkaline dissociation of the protein coat “ghost” of bacteriophage T2r+

Abstract The protein coat of bacteriophage T2r+ was dissociated by mild alkaline treatment into two components which could be easily distinguished in the ultracentrifuge. The faster component represented about 10% of the ghost protein, while the slower component comprised about 90% of the protein. The slower component was separated and found to be electrophoretically homogeneous. Its molecular weight was 86,000 to 100,000 as determined by sedimentation, free diffusion, and viscosity measurements. This finding is in agreement with a previously reported molecular weight of 80,000 found by N-terminal end-group analysis in which alanine was the only N-terminal amino acid detected. No significant quantities of other N-terminal amino acids were found after the treatment, which suggests that no peptide bonds were broken. Serum-blocking and lytic activities and ability to combine with antibody were altered or destroyed during the dissociation.
Social environment and nocturnal sleep: studies in peer-reared monkeys

Nocturnal sleep was recorded for a total of 40 nights by means of totally implantable, multichannel biotelemetry from 11 peer-reared pigtail (Macaca nemestrina) monkey infants (aged 221 +/- 28 days). Fourteen sleep variables were compared to values previously obtained from similar-aged, mother-reared infants living in social groups. Sleep in peer-reared monkeys was more fragmented, contained less drowsy, more stage 2, less REM, fewer REM periods, and longer interREM intervals than sleep in mother-reared infants. It would appear that these effects are not due to a relatively impoverished environment that may accompany peer rearing, as has been reported to be true for rodents, but rather to the disruptive influence of sleeping with a peer in the absence of the organization and control effected by a monkey mother and a social group.
Modeling Human Workload in Unmanned Aerial Systems

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) often require multiple human operators fulfilling diverse roles for safe correct operation. Although some dispute the utility of minimizing the number of humans needed to administer a UAS, minimization remains a long-standing objective for many designers. This paper presents work toward understanding how workload is distributed between multiple human operators and multiple autonomous system elements in a UAS across time, with an ultimate goal to reduce the number of humans in the system. The approach formally models the actors in a UAS as a set of communicating finite state machines, modified to include a simple form of external memory. The interactions among actors are then modeled as a directed graph. The individual machines, one for each actor in the UAS, and the directed graph are augmented with workload metrics derived from a review of the relevant literature. The model is implemented as a Java program, which is analyzed by the Java Pathfinder (JPF) model checker, which generates workload profiles over time. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, this paper presents a case study on a wilderness search and rescue (WiSAR) UAS analyzing two different mission outcomes. The generated workload profiles are shown to be consistent with known features of actual workload events in the WiSAR system.
A New Vision of the Nature and Purposes of Assessment in the Mathematics Classroom

Publisher Summary This chapter is dedicated to the discussion of the role of assessment in mathematics classroom. As the view of the nature and purpose of school mathematics has changed, so too has the view of the nature and purpose of assessment. The chapter presents certain “alternative” assessment tasks, which have appeared in recent mathematics assessment documents. These tasks illustrate just how radically different contemporary mathematics assessments have become. The chapter focuses on the fact that school mathematics assessment has changed to ensure consistency with the goals of school mathematics curricula and instruction. The chapter is intended as an introduction to tile nature and extent of the changes that have taken place over the past 10 years. It is organized around six themes. It explores the changing nature of school mathematics and mathematics assessment. The forces driving the changes in assessment are described. Various promising classroom assessment techniques are outlined. The chapter also discusses building a theory of mathematics assessment, research findings, and ideas for debate. Finally, the chapter concludes that as we approach the new millennium, the mathematics education community is formulating a new vision of mathematics education. Changes in assessment are an integral part of this new vision.
Cell interactions with polymers

Abstract Polymers are important materials for tissue engineering, because of their chemical versatility, processability, and mechanical strength. In fact, polymer materials can be used to guide the activity of cells and the assembly of cells into tissues. This chapter reviews the interactions of cells with polymers: cell interactions with polymers are revealed through the ability of cells to adhere, migrate, and function when in contact with a material.
The Effect of Demographics and Old Age Adjustment on Attitudes Toward Retirement Communities: An Empirical Examination

As the size of the mature market continues to increase, more services will be required to satisfy the needs of this segment, This paper empirically explores a service area which is facing rapid expansion: retirement community housing. Results from the data analysis suggest that in addition to standard demographic factors, adjustment to growing old affects general attitudes toward retirement community living.
Using Private Matching for Securely Querying Genomic Sequences

In general, public services have a severe desire to secure sensitive data from potential access and misuse. For instance, an individual could unwittingly reveal a patient's full name, date of birth, or social security number, resulting in identity theft or misuse of medical records, etc. What we exhibit in this paper through numerous schemes is producing a new strategy devoted towards securing genomic sequences stored in hospitals' databases. Thus the transfer of data between two parties: hospitals and researchers can be efficiently integrated. Furthermore, another aspect we have to encompass is the appropriate methodology and determination of illness variations later used by scientists to find matches privately for human-genome.
Robotic in Vivo Fluoroscopic Arthoplasty Evaulations With Normal Patient Movements

A Tracking Fluoroscope System (TFS), the first of its kind, has been developed and the design of this new technology has been previously presented. The TFS is a unique mobile robot that can acquire real-time x-ray records of hip, knee, or ankle joint motion while a subject walks/maneuvers naturally within a laboratory floor area. By virtue of its mechanizations, test protocols can involve many types maneuvers such as chair rises, stair climbing/descending, ramp crossing, walking, etc. Because the subjects are performing such actions naturally, the resulting fluoroscope images reflect the full functionality of their musculoskeletal anatomy. The goal of this follow-up study is to conduct a comparative analysis with traditional stationary fluoroscopy units to determine if this new technology does offer clinical and research advantages. Technical trials with human subjects and active fluoroscope operation were designed to evaluate and refine the TFS engineering and operational features. These trials have been completed and the key results were compared with the traditional stationary fluoroscopic units. The technical trials verified that the TFS is ready for actual clinical diagnostic use and provides the researcher an opportunity to evaluate in vivo kinematics of subjects while performing normal daily activities at various speeds. Using the mobile fluoroscopic unit, patients performed activities that were not possible to capture with a stationary unit. Also, with the upgrade to an image recording rate of 60 frames per second, the quality of the fluoroscopic images using the TFS were superior to stationary units. Further analyses are now being conducted to compare the kinematic results for a deep knee bend and gait, traditionally analyzed in the past using stationary fluoroscopic units to determine if there are unique advantages. It is hypothesized that the more normal-like gait patterns may produce kinematic patterns that differ from stationary fluoroscopic units. At present, the TFS has proven to be superior over other fluoroscopic units and will allow clinicians to evaluate patients under and unrestricted kinematic environment. Also, future research studies will be able to compare patients with or without a TKA under more challenging kinematic conditions, producing kinematic patterns that may lead to incites pertaining to TKA failure and/or concerns.
Developmental/Mental Retardation

Curiosity has characterized human interest in the nature of intelligence since the earliest recorded time. Questions such as “Why do some people have so much, others so little?” have undoubtedly echoed through the corridors of time. In this chapter, our principal concern is directed toward one developmental disability that impacts approximately 7 million U.S. citizens (Cleland & Swartz, 1982), and this disability is mental retardation. Coverage will focus on research and history from antiquity to the present. However, before beginning our historical journey, let’s first define developmental disability and mental retardation.