cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein Kinase Cε Interacts with Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (Stat3), Phosphorylates Stat3Ser727, and Regulates Its Constitutive Activation in Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men and ranks second only to lung cancer in cancer-related deaths. The management of locally advanced prostate cancer is difficult because the cancer often becomes hormone insensitive and unresponsive to current chemotherapeutic agents. Knowledge about the regulatory molecules involved in the transformation to androgen-independent prostate cancer is essential for the rational design of agents to prevent and treat prostate cancer. Protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon), a member of the novel PKC subfamily, is linked to the development of androgen-independent prostate cancer. PKCepsilon expression levels, as determined by immunohistochemistry of human prostate cancer tissue microarrays, correlated with the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. The mechanism by which PKCepsilon mediates progression to prostate cancer remains elusive. We present here for the first time that signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3), which is constitutively activated in a wide variety of human cancers, including prostate cancer, interacts with PKCepsilon. The interaction of PKCepsilon with Stat3 was observed in human prostate cancer, human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU145, PC3, and CW22rv1), and prostate cancer that developed in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate mice. In reciprocal immunoprecipitation/blotting experiments, prostatic Stat3 coimmunoprecipitated with PKCepsilon. Localization of PKCepsilon with Stat3 was confirmed by double immunofluorescence staining. The interaction of PKCepsilon with Stat3 was PKCepsilon isoform specific. Inhibition of PKCepsilon protein expression in DU145 cells using specific PKCepsilon small interfering RNA (a) inhibited Stat3Ser727 phosphorylation, (b) decreased both Stat3 DNA-binding and transcriptional activity, and (c) decreased DU145 cell invasion. These results indicate that PKCepsilon activation is essential for constitutive activation of Stat3 and prostate cancer progression.
Repetition and identity

It is well known that the identity of recurrent partials is an indispensable prerequisite for every kind of linguistic analysis, including the analysis involved in learning one's own language. But these concepts are vital in many other areas also. In the following pages, I would like to review some of the varieties of repetition, and some conceptions of identity, which are important in human languages. I will begin with a consideration of the relationship between the two.
Colorectal cancer molecular biology moves into clinical practice

The promise of personalised medicine is now a clinical reality, with colorectal cancer genetics at the forefront of this next major advance in clinical medicine. This is no more evident than in the recent advances in testing of colorectal cancers for specific molecular alterations in order to guide treatment with the monoclonal antibody therapies cetuximab and panitumumab, which target the epidermal growth factor receptor. In this review, genetic mechanisms of colorectal cancer and how these alterations relate to emerging biomarkers for early detection and risk stratification (diagnostic markers), prognosis (prognostic markers) and the prediction of treatment responses (predictive markers) are examined.
A Technique for Characterizing the Time Course of Odor Adaptation in Mice

Although numerous studies have analyzed the temporal characteristics underlying olfactory adaptation at the level of the olfactory receptor neuron, to date, there have been no comparable behavioral measures in an animal model. In this study, odor adaptation was estimated in a group of mice employing a psychophysical technique recently developed for use in humans. The premise of this technique is that extended presentation of an odorant will produce odor adaptation, decreasing the sensitivity of the receptors and increasing thresholds for a brief, simultaneous target odorant presented at different time points on the adaptation contour; adaptation is estimated as the increase in threshold for a target odorant presented simultaneously with an adapting odorant, across varying adapting-to-target odorant onset delays. Previous research from our laboratory suggests that this method provides a reliable estimate of the onset time course of rapid adaptation in human subjects. Consistent with physiological and behavioral data from human subjects, the present findings demonstrate that measurable olfactory adaptive effects can be observed for odorant exposures as brief as 50–100 ms, with asymptotic levels evident 400–600 ms follow ing adapting odorant onset. When compared with the adaptation contour in humans using the same odorant and stimulus paradigm, some differences in the onset characteristics are evident and may be related to sniffing behavior and to relative differences in thresholds. These data show that this psychophysical paradigm can be adapted for use in animal models, where experimental and genetic manipulations can be used to characterize the different mechanisms underlying odor adaptation.
Validation of Retinal Image Registration Algorithms by a Projective Imaging Distortion Model

Fundus camera imaging of the retina is widely used to document ophthalmologic disorders including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. The retinal images typically have a limited field of view due mainly to the curvedness of human retina, so multiple images are to be joined together using image registration technique to form a montage with a larger field of view. A variety of methods for retinal image registration have been proposed, but evaluating such methods objectively is difficult due to the lack of a reference standard for the true alignment of the individual images that make up the montage. A method of generating simulated retinal image set by modeling geometric distortions due to the eye geometry and the image acquisition process is described in this paper. We also present the validation tool for any retinal image registration method by tracing back the distortion path and accessing the geometric misalignment from the coordinate system of reference standard. The quantitative comparison for different registration methods is given in the experiment, so the registration performance is evaluated in an objective manner.
Addition of Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration and On-Site Cytology to EUS-Guided Fine Needle Biopsy Increases Procedure Time but Not Diagnostic Accuracy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Although the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in pancreas adenocarcinoma is high, endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is often required in other lesions; in these cases, it may be possible to forgo initial EUS-FNA and rapid on-site cytology evaluation (ROSE). The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNB alone (EUS-FNB group) with a conventional sampling algorithm of EUS-FNA with ROSE followed by EUS-FNB (EUS-FNA/B group) in nonpancreas adenocarcinoma lesions. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of subjects who underwent EUS sampling of nonpancreatic adenocarcinoma lesions between February 2011 and May 2013. RESULTS Over the study period, there were 43 lesions biopsied in 41 unique patients in the EUS-FNB group and 53 patients in the EUS-FNA/B group. Overall diagnostic accuracy was similar between the EUS-FNB and EUS-FNA/B groups (83.7% vs. 84.9%; p=1.0). In the subgroup of subepithelial mass lesions, diagnostic accuracy remained similar in the EUS-FNB and EUS-FNA/B groups (81.0% and 70.6%; p=0.7). EUS-FNB procedures were significantly shorter than those in the EUS-FNA/B group (58.4 minutes vs. 73.5 minutes; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS EUS-FNB without on-site cytology provides a high diagnostic accuracy in nonpancreas adenocarcinoma lesions. There appears to be no additive benefit with initial EUS-FNA but this requires further study in a prospective study.
Fast algorithms for computing I/sub DDQ/ tests for combinational circuits

A system to generate I/sub DDQ/ tests for bridging faults (BFs) and leakage faults in combinational CMOS circuits is described. Experimental results for different sets of BPs demonstrates the efficiency and flexibility of the approach.
Neoadjuvant therapy as a paradigm to develop systemic cancer therapy

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy preceding definitive surgical resection permits the in vivo assessment of tumor response and induces pathologic downstaging in several malignancies. Since pathologic complete response (pCR) and biologic activity can be determined rapidly, the signal of efficacy of a systemic regimen is evident with a relatively small number of patients before long-term follow-up. Additionally, emerging data suggest that modulation of pharmacodynamic biomarkers after brief neoadjuvant therapy may correlate with long-term clinical outcomes. Early evidence for in vivo resistance and elucidation of mechanisms of resistance may assist with selection of rational combinations of agents as subsequent therapy to improve outcomes. Evidence of biologic anti-tumor activity in target-enriched subsets can be determined with a small number of patients in proof of principal pilot trials. Biologic activity against molecular targets and downstream anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity may help with the selection of the lowest effective dose, which may lead to efficacious and safe therapy. Therefore, this paradigm has the potential to enable the efficient use of resources and accelerate the pace of systemic therapy development. It may also be possible to determine molecular and biologic characteristics that predict for sensitivity. Drug Dev Res 69:388–397, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Where's the Verb? Correcting Machine Translation During Question Answering

When a multi-lingual question-answering (QA) system provides an answer that has been incorrectly translated, it is very likely to be regarded as irrelevant. In this paper, we propose a novel method for correcting a deletion error that affects overall understanding of the sentence. Our post-editing technique uses information available at query time: examples drawn from related documents determined to be relevant to the query. Our results show that 4%-7% of MT sentences are missing the main verb and on average, 79% of the modified sentences are judged to be more comprehensible. The QA performance also benefits from the improved MT: 7% of irrelevant response sentences become relevant.
EM Detection of Viruses in Organ Transplant Patients

Due to immunosuppression, transplant patients are more susceptible to infections, particularly viruses. The strengths of EM detection include the facts that it is rapid, non-invasive or minimally invasive, does not require probes, and can detect many different viruses. A limitation is that is it not as sensitive as PCR, but this can be an advantage in instances where endogenous viruses in healthy individuals may be detected by exquisitely sensitive tests. Additionally, concentration methods, such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, or immunoaggregation can increase the chances of finding them by EM in fluids, and localization of focal pathology in tissues can be enhanced by semithin sections, on-slide embedment of H&E-stained sections, confocal microscopy, and laser capture.
Epidemic of Melanoma: How Real Is It?

The incidence of melanoma between the early 1960s and the mid-1980s increased at a rate of 3 to 7% in countries such as Canada, United States, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Poland, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden, United Kingdom, and New Zealand (Armstrong and Kricker, 1994). In Australia the incidence also increased [but the increase from birth cohorts of ages below 50 seem to have slowed down (Boyle et al., 1995)]. Some investigators in the United States further pointed out that the incidence of melanoma has been up more than 1800% since the 1930s (Rigel et al., 1996). It was thus claimed that the incidence is going to rise in the next 10 to 20 years and that the mortality rate will continue to rise (Rigel et al., 1996). By the year 2000, 1 in every 75 Americans is expected to have melanoma (Rigel et al., 1996)
Autopsy-proven demyelination associated with infliximab treatment

Tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) is a well-studied proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to the pathogenesis of immune and infectious diseases. TNF-α effects are mediated by signaling through TNF-α receptors, which are present ubiquitously.1 Limiting the actions of TNF-α, either by blocking the receptor or inhibiting circulating (free) TNF-α, is a useful treatment strategy in autoimmune disorders with prominent inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, when treatment with agents that inhibit TNF-α function was applied to multiple sclerosis (MS), an unanticipated worsening was observed. The clinical trial of lenercept (a recombinant TNF-α receptor–immunoglobulin 1g fusion protein that protected against experimental autoimmune encephalitis) for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis was stopped prematurely when the treatment arm was noted to have earlier and more frequent exacerbations.2 TNF-α antagonists are therefore contraindicated in patients with MS. In patients with no history of demyelinating disease, TNF-α antagonism has led to unmasking of demyelinating events with a clinical pattern typical of that seen in MS.3 All CNS cases of demyelinating disease to date have been based on clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings. Herein we present a unique case of histologically confirmed demyelination following treatment with TNFα inhibitors.
In Crystallo Capture of a Covalent Intermediate in the UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase Reaction

UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) plays an essential role in galactofuranose biosynthesis in pathogens by catalyzing the conversion of UDP-galactopyranose to UDP-galactofuranose. Here we report the first crystal structure of a covalent intermediate in the UGM reaction. The 2.3 A resolution structure reveals UDP bound in the active site and galactopyranose linked to the FAD through a covalent bond between the anomeric C of galactopyranose and N5 of the FAD. The structure confirms the role of the flavin as nucleophile and supports the hypothesis that the proton destined for O5 of galactofuranose is shuttled from N5 of the FAD via O4 of the FAD.
Clinical problem-solving. Remembering the ABC's.

Stage During a hospitalization for recurrent pneumonitis, a 40-year-old mildly retarded woman with Down's syndrome, Crohn's disease, a seizure disorder, and chronic renal disease requiring maintenance hemodialysis began to have bilateral eye pain. Response There is nothing that I as a nephrologist can specifically associate with renal failure as a cause of bilateral eye pain. Mineral conjunctivitis, the characteristic red eyes of renal failure, occurs when inadequate dialysis results in an elevated calcium:phosphate ratio; this complication should have been averted in any modern dialysis center. Crohn's disease does have iritis and uveitis as extraintestinal manifestations; an ophthalmology consultation would assist . . .
Observations on the Life Histories of Panama Bats

Since there is only scanty information on the breeding, feeding, habits, and habitats of all but a few species of tropical bats, the following observations made between February 10 and August 15, 1953, in the region of the Panama Canal Zone, are presented. During the first half of this period, as assistant to Dr. D. R. Griffin, I collected alive as many species of bats as possible for the primary purpose of making recordings of their high-frequency sounds used in echolocation. This work was supported by a contract between The Office of Naval Research and Cornell University. In the course of this work I visited many bat roosts, observed various species both in the field and laboratory, and prepared specimens, some of which are now in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. During the last four months of the period I remained in the region studying the fishing habits of Noctilio leporinus and did more incidental collecting of other species. I am indebted to Dr. Harold Trapido for pointing out bat roosts in the vicinity, and to Dr. Herbert C. Clark, Director of the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, for allowing me to use the Juan Mina field station, five miles northeast of Gamboa, as a base of operations during parts of April, May, and August. For accounts of the already existing knowledge of the species listed below see Goldman (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 69, No. 5, 1920), Enders (Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, 78, No. 4, 1935), and Allen (bats, Harvard Univ. Press, 1939). Goldman gives a good description of the climate, topography, and vegetation of Panama. Most locality names can be found on any map of the Canal Zone Region. Rhynchonycteris naso (Maximilian).—Seven were caught in trammel nets at Borinquen Dam, two miles northwest of Pedro Miguel, on Borinquen Highway, between 6:15 …
Freda Adler: A Portrait of a Pioneer

This article is a biography of Freda Adler, one of criminology's unique and most accomplished women pioneers. It traces her educational and intellectual background and analyses her contributions to criminological research. It reviews her singular contributions inthe area of women in crime and justice, international and comparative research, and theoretical criminology. Her work has been translated into many languages and has influenced criminological thought globally. Her work on synnomie has stimulated national and international research and enhanced our understanding of the etiology of crime. This article further notes Adler's professional achievements, honors and recognitions by her University, the profession and the public. It chronicles her accomplishments as the President of the American Society of Criminology (1994-1995). It concludes by looking at Freda Adler, the person.
Enhancing communications reliability in prosumer-based smart grid using MIMO techniques

This paper focuses on wireless communications between energy prosumers in the smart grid, and explores the application of multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology to reduce point-to-point transmission delays, and increase communications reliability. MIMO is a wireless technology for sending and receiving more than one data streams on the same channel at the same time by exploiting multipath propagation. MIMO allows for spatial diversity and decreases the probability of losing communication packets critical for power systems operations. This paper illustrates how MIMO can increase the reliability of the communication network in prosumer-based smart grid applications by decreasing communication transmission delays for power systems operation protocol applications such as distributed frequency regulation.
American Views on Fracking

Since becoming an economically viable means of extracting of oil and gas in the early 21st century, hydraulic fracturing (or “fracking” as the process is commonly known) has become a major component of the American and world energy sectors. In 2015, about half of the oil and natural gas produced in the United States came from these processes compared to less than 5% a decade ago. The rise of hydraulic fracturing has had enormous impacts on energy markets worldwide and has been widely credited with playing a large role in lower energy prices in recent years. However, there has also been tremendous controversy surrounding the environmental and health effects associated with the use of fracking both in the United States and abroad. It is against this backdrop that the Fall 2015 National Survey on Energy and the Environment (NSEE) examined American views on hydraulic fracturing.
The Clonal Selection Theory of Antibody Formation

The clonal selection theory of antibody formation is the most important advance in immunology in the past hundred years. Previous models of antibody formation were developed in the absence of essential information concerning the chemical nature of antibodies, the cell types responsible for antibody production, and how the immune system “knew” what specificities needed to be synthesized. In 1900, Paul Ehrlich proposed the side-chain theory of antibody formation. This was criticized due to a lack of knowledge of antibody structure. Until the 1950s, the most logical explanation of antibody formation was that the antigen served as a template to instruct cells to produce complementary binding molecules. However, information about the role of the amino acid sequence of proteins in determining molecular structure and the mechanisms of protein synthesis made instruction models difficult to defend. During the 1950s, several selection models were proposed. Niels Jerne proposed the natural selection hypothesis that moved the field from antigen instruction to antigen selection. Finally, F. Macfarlane Burnet offered a model, the clonal selection theory, that proposed the existence of a large number of antibody-forming cells, each of which is genetically preprogrammed to produce a unique antibody specificity. A similar model was simultaneously proposed by David Talmage. This theory has withstood numerous attempts to disprove it and is now the basis for our current understanding of the immune system.
A New Time for Choosing on Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness: Today’s Challenges to the Principles of Ronald Reagan’s Conservative Manifesto

Ronald Reagan’s 1964 “A Time for Choosing” speech expressed concern that government taxed too much of citizens’ incomes, that government spent more than it raises, that government was transforming into a welfare state trapping the poor, that government debt was skyrocketing, that the debt was held by foreign interests overseas, and that America’s enemies abroad rejected the moral foundations of our political order. Much of this sounds familiar.
Men’s perceptions of women’s sexual interest: Effects of environmental context, sexual attitudes, and women’s characteristics

Men’s perceptions of women’s sexual interest were studied in a sample of 250 male undergraduates, who rated 173 full-body photos of women differing in expressed cues of sexual interest, attractiveness, provocativeness of dress, and the social-environmental context into which the woman’s photo had been embedded. Environmental context significantly influenced men’s judgments of sexual interest, independently of the affective cues of sexual interest themselves and of provocativeness of dress and attractiveness. Cue usage was moderated by men’s risk for sexual aggression, as measured by a rape-myth inventory, with higher-risk men (relative to lower-risk men) relying significantly less on affective cues, relying significantly more on attractiveness, and showing a non-significant tendency to rely more on environmental cues. Men exhibited a moderate degree of insight into individual differences in their cue usage. Analysis of individual differences in cue usage suggested that men’s judgments of women’s momentary sexual interest varied along two dimensions: (1) men who relied more on affective cues were less likely to rely on women’s attractiveness (r = −0.73); and (2) men who were influenced more by provocativeness of dress were also likely to rely more on environmental context (r = 0.49). Results suggest that variation in contextual variables should be included in cognitive-training programs designed to improve the accuracy of men’s judgments of women’s affective responses. Ultimately, such training programs may prove useful as an adjunct to prevention programs for sexual aggression.
INVITED EDITORIAL COMMENT: The Tesla Run-Up: A Follow-Up with Investment Implications

1. Bradford Cornell 1. is a professor of financial economics at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, CA, and a senior advisor at Rayliant Global Advisors in Irvine, CA. (bcornell{at}hss.caltech.edu) In the fall of 2014, Aswath Damodaran and I published an article in The
Gewalt ist keine Aggression

In diesem Beitrag wird der Artikel von Barbara Krahe aus der Perspektive einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Konfliktforschung kommentiert.
Markenführung bei hessnatur – dem CR „Pure Player“ für Mode und Lebensstil

Der Pionier der nachhaltigen Mode – so kann man Hess Natur umschreiben. Seit 1976 steht die Marke fur konsequent naturliche Kleidung, die weder Mensch noch Natur schadet und die unter Einhaltung strenger okologischer und sozialer Standards gefertigt wird. Und damit befand sich die Marke schon immer im Haifischbecken – wie uberleben als nachhaltige Marke in einer schnelllebigen Branche, die auf Masse und Trends ausgelegt ist und blind ist in Hinblick auf Arbeitsbedingungen und Okologie? Und dies parallel mit dem Verkauf des Unternehmens.
Genetic Causes and Mechanisms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by various clinical features including bone deformities, low bone mass, brittle bones, and connective tissue manifestations. The predominant cause of OI is due to mutations in the two genes that encode type I collagen. However, recent advances in sequencing technology has led to the discovery of novel genes that are implicated in recessive and dominant OI. These include genes that regulate the post-translational modification, secretion and processing of type I collagen as well as those required for osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. As such, OI has become a spectrum of genetic disorders informing about the determinants of both bone quantity and quality. Here we summarize the known genetic causes of OI, animal models that recapitulate the human disease and mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis. Additionally, we discuss the effects of disrupted collagen networks on extracellular matrix signaling and its impact on disease progression.
Abstract 17720: Unique Features of Metabolic Syndrome in High BMI College Football Players

Background: Metabolic syndrome in football players is a common, yet poorly understood phenomenon. With 88,000 college football players and one million high school football players, there is a large...
Plant Fibers and Human Health

Throughout the history of the nutritional science, attention has centered mainly on the nutrient requirements. Fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and the water intake have all come under close study in an effort to determine the body’s need for each, the effect on health of a deficiency or an excess, and the quantitative interrelationships of nutrients.
Patient Survey of Referral From One Surgeon to Another to Reduce Maximum Waiting Time for Elective Surgery and Hours of Overutilized Operating Room Time.

Background Studies of shared (patient-provider) decision making for elective surgical care have examined both the decision whether to have surgery and patients' understanding of treatment options. We consider shared decision making applied to case scheduling, since implementation would reduce labor costs. Methods Study questions were presented in sequence of waiting times, starting with 4 workdays. "Assume the consultant surgeon (ie, the surgeon in charge) you met in clinic did not have time available to do your surgery within the next 4 workdays, but his/her colleague would have had time to do your surgery within the next 4 workdays. Would you have wanted to discuss with a member of the surgical team (eg, the scheduler or the surgeon) the availability of surgery with a different, equally qualified surgeon at Mayo Clinic who had time available within the next 4 workdays, on a date of your choosing?" There were 980 invited patients who underwent lung resection or cholecystectomy between 2011 and 2016; 135 respondents completed the study and 6 respondents dropped out after the study questions were displayed. Results The percentages of patients whose response to the study questions was "4 days" were 58.8% (40/68) among lung resection patients and 58.2% (39/67) among cholecystectomy patients. The 97.5% 2-sided confidence interval for the median maximum wait was 4 days to 4 days. Patients' choices for the waiting time sufficient to discuss having another surgeon perform the procedure did not differ between procedures (P = .91). Results were insensitive to patients' sex, age, travel time to hospital, or number of office visits before surgery (all P ≥ .20). Conclusions Our results indicate that bringing up the option with the patient of changing surgeons when a colleague is available and has the operating room time to perform the procedure sooner is being respectful of most patients' individual preferences (ie, patient-centered).
Myths and truths about the cellular composition of the human brain: A review of influential concepts

Over the last 50 years, quantitative methodology has made important contributions to our understanding of the cellular composition of the human brain. Not all of the concepts that emerged from quantitative studies have turned out to be true. Here, I examine the history and current status of some of the most influential notions. This includes claims of how many cells compose the human brain, and how different cell types contribute and in what ratios. Additional concepts entail whether we lose significant numbers of neurons with normal aging, whether chronic alcohol abuse contributes to cortical neuron loss, whether there are significant differences in the quantitative composition of cerebral cortex between male and female brains, whether superior intelligence in humans correlates with larger numbers of brain cells, and whether there are secular (generational) changes in neuron number. Do changes in cell number or changes in ratios of cell types accompany certain diseases, and should all counting methods, even the theoretically unbiased ones, be validated and calibrated? I here examine the origin and the current status of major influential concepts, and I review the evidence and arguments that have led to either confirmation or refutation of such concepts. I discuss the circumstances, assumptions and mindsets that perpetuated erroneous views, and the types of technological advances that have, in some cases, challenged longstanding ideas. I will acknowledge the roles of key proponents of influential concepts in the sometimes convoluted path towards recognition of the true cellular composition of the human brain.
Assessing the proposed pre-last glacial maximum human occupation of North America at Coats-Hines-Litchy, Tennessee, and other sites

Abstract Genomic studies indicate that the first Pleistocene foragers who entered North America diverged from ancestral populations in Beringia sometime after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM); however, several archaeological sites in North America have been proposed to predate the LGM. We present the results of our excavation and analysis of one such site, Coats-Hines-Litchy, Tennessee, which show that this site is a paleontological locality containing a geofact assemblage that pre-dates the LGM. Other sites in North America that purportedly predate the LGM occur in geomorphic contexts that are also conducive to the formation of geofact assemblages. As such, we propose that the reported artifacts from these sites were created by natural processes. No sites in North America currently provide credible evidence of a pre-LGM occupation.
Comprehensive meta-analysis reveals association between multiple imprinting disorders and conception by assisted reproductive technology

To determine whether a history of conception by assisted reproductive technology (ART) is associated with occurrence of one or more imprinting disorders of either maternal or paternal origin. We implemented a systematic review of scholarly literature followed by comprehensive meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize data from reports relating to use of ART to occurrence of any imprinting disorder of humans, including Beckwith-Wiedemann (BWS), Angelman (AS), Prader-Willi (PWS), and Silver-Russell (SRS) syndromes, as well as transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDB) and sporadic retinoblasoma (RB). The systematic review identified 13 reports presenting unique data from 23 studies that related conception following ART to occurrence of imprinting disorders. Multiple studies of four disorder were identified, for which meta-analysis yielded the following summary estimates of associations with a history of ART: AS, summary odds ratio (sOR) = 4.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6–8.5, 4 studies); BWS, sOR = 5.8 (95% CI 3.1–11.1, 8 studies); PWS, sOR = 2.2 (95% CI 1.6–3.0, 6 studies); SRS, sOR = 11.3 (95% CI 4.5–28.5, 3 studies). Only one study reported on each of TNDB and RB. Published data reveal positive associations between history of ART conception and each of four imprinting disorders. Reasons for these associations warrant further investigation.
Assimilation of Land Surface Data

(1969) first suggested combining current and past data in an explicit dynamical model, using the model’s prognostic equations to provide time continuity and dynamic coupling amongst the fields (Figure 1). This concept has evolved into a family of techniques known as four-dimensional data assimilation. “Assimilation is the process of finding the model representation which is most consistent with the observations” (Lorenc, 1995). In essence, data assimilation merges a range of diverse data fields with a model prediction to provide that model with the best estimate of the current state of the natural environment so that it can then make more accurate predictions. The application of data assimilation in hydrology has been limited to a few one-dimensional, largely theoretical studies (i.e. Entekhabi et al., 1994; Milly, 1986), primarily due to the lack of sufficient spatially-distributed hydrologic observations (McLaughlin, 1995). However, the feasibility of synthesizing distributed fields of soil moisture by the novel application of four-dimensional data assimilation applied in a hydrological model was demonstrated by (1998). Six Push Broom Microwave Radiometer images gathered over the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeast Arizona were assimilated into a land surface model using several alternative assimilation procedures. Modification of traditional assimilation methods was required to use these high-density Push Broom Microwave Radiometer observations. The images were found to contain horizontal correlations with length scales of several tens of kilometres, thus allowing information to be advected beyond the area of the image. Information on surface soil moisture was also assimilated into the subsurface using knowledge of the surface-subsurface correlation. Newtonian nudging assimilation procedures were found to be preferable to other techniques because they nearly preserve the observed patterns within the sampled region, but also yield plausible patterns in unmeasured regions, and allow information to be advected in time.
Further definition of the Ly-5 system.

Ly-5 is expressed by cells of the hematopoietic branch of development. Further serological analysis of the Ly-5 system, aided by Ly-5 monoclonal antibodies and by two Ly-5 congenic mouse strains, reveals two new Ly-5 alloantigens, Ly-5. 3 and Ly-5.4. The data define three thymocyte phenotypes, Ly-5.1,3, Ly-5.2,4, and Ly-5.2,3, and three corresponding genotypes, Ly-5a, Ly-5b, and Ly-5c, respectively. Ly-5ais by far the most common allele. The Ly-5callele is found only in the ST/bJ strain, a finding that accords with the presently unique pattern of restriction fragments previously observed in Southern blotting of ST/bJ DNA with an Ly-5 cDNA probe. Present serological and biochemical data favor the interpretation that the compound Ly-5 phenotype of thymocytes is attributable to two separate Ly-5 molecular isoforms that exhibit a discrete difference in protein composition, bear different Ly-5 antigens, and are produced jointly by thymocytes, unlike other Ly-5 isoforms previously shown to distinguish different hematopoietic cell lineages.
Periodic Solutions for Some Forced Singular Hamiltonian Systems

Publisher Summary Several recent papers have studied the existence of periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems under the influence of a singular potential. The existence of periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems (HS) is considered to be under the influence of a singular potential. This chapter discusses the methods that can be used to obtain subharmonic solutions of HS. It also presents both the geometrical and less geometrical approaches to HS. The intersection theorems are important tools for obtaining the existence and multiplicity of critical points of functionals using minimax arguments.
Accelerated Algorithms 1: Lattice Models

We describe several algorithms that help overcome the long time-scales that limit Monte Carlo simulation studies of phase transitions. In addition to cluster Aipping, “N-fold way”, and multicanonical methods, we describe a quite new approach, “Wang- Landau sampling”, that estimates the density of states directly. Detailed case studies are made of the application of some of these methods near 1st order and 2nd order transitions in 2D Ising and Potts models and to the Edwards-Anderson spin glass. Lastly, we describe promising new methods for the improvement of deterministic, spin dynamics simulations.
Abstract 470: p53 isoform delta133p53 in tumor senescence

The tumor suppressor gene TP53 expresses at least 12 isoforms due to alternative splicing, alternative initiation of translation, and alternative promoter usage. These isoforms include p53β and Δ133p53, which can modulate p53 transcriptional activity and apoptosis. The p53 isoform Δ133p53 is expressed in normal tissue, but is abnormally expressed in several cancer types. However, its role in tumor progression is still unclear. Normal somatic cells undergo a limited number of cell divisions, eventually leading to an irreversible proliferative growth arrest known as replicative senescence. Replicative senescence can act as a tumor suppressor mechanism, thus constituting a critical barrier to tumor progression in vivo. Previous studies showed that, p53β and Δ133p53 are endogenous regulators of replicative senescence in normal human fibroblasts. Interestingly, expression of Δ133p53 is upregulated in several cancer types. For instance, enhanced levels of Δ133p53 are associated with inhibition of cellular senescence in colon carcinoma as well as with progression of premalignant colon adenomas to colon carcinomas. However, little is known about the role of Δ133p53 in cancer. We are studying the roles of Δ133p53 in proliferation and senescence of cancer cell lines. We hypothesized that depletion of otherwise enhanced Δ133p53 isoform induces cellular growth arrest and increases the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 of cancer cell lines, and thus Δ133p53 may be a therapeutic target to repress tumor cell growth. Citation Format: Natalia Von Muhlinen, Jessica Beck, Curtis C. Harris. p53 isoform delta133p53 in tumor senescence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 470.
Water Sorption and Diffusivity in [C2C1im][BF4], [C4C1im][OAc], and [C4C1im][Cl]

Measurements of in situ atmospheric water absorption and desorption in ionic liquids (ILs) (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C2C1im][BF4], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C4C1im][OAc], and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C4C1im][Cl]) were made using a gravimetric microbalance at temperatures ranging from 283.15 to 315.15 K and relative humidity (RH) 0–70% at 101 kPa. Solubility data were well correlated using the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity model, and time dependent concentration data were used to determine the binary diffusion coefficients using one- and two-dimensional transport models of water in the IL–water systems. The solubility of water was highest in [C4C1im][OAc] (77.5 mol %), followed by [C4C1im][Cl] (68.6 mol %), and [C2C1im][BF4] (19.5 mol %) at equivalent conditions (303.15 K and 25.00% RH). The diffusion coefficients in order of increasing relative humidity ranged from 1.3 × 10–10 to 2.8 × 10–11 m2/s for [C2C1im][BF4], from 8.8 × 10–12 to 3.9 × 10–11 m2/s f...
Functional divergence caused by mutations in an energetic hotspot in ERK2

The most frequent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) mutation occurring in cancers is E322K (E-K). ERK2 E-K reverses a buried charge in the ERK2 common docking (CD) site, a region that binds activators, inhibitors, and substrates. Little is known about the cellular consequences associated with this mutation, other than apparent increases in tumor resistance to pathway inhibitors. ERK2 E-K, like the mutation of the preceding aspartate (ERK2 D321N [D-N]) known as the sevenmaker mutation, causes increased activity in cells and evades inactivation by dual-specificity phosphatases. As opposed to findings in cancer cells, in developmental assays in Drosophila, only ERK2 D-N displays a significant gain of function, revealing mutation-specific phenotypes. The crystal structure of ERK2 D-N is indistinguishable from that of wild-type protein, yet this mutant displays increased thermal stability. In contrast, the crystal structure of ERK2 E-K reveals profound structural changes, including disorder in the CD site and exposure of the activation loop phosphorylation sites, which likely account for the decreased thermal stability of the protein. These contiguous mutations in the CD site of ERK2 are both required for docking interactions but lead to unpredictably different functional outcomes. Our results suggest that the CD site is in an energetically strained configuration, and this helps drive conformational changes at distal sites on ERK2 during docking interactions.
Increased systolic vorticity in the left ventricular outflow tract is associated with abnormal aortic flow formations in Tetralogy of Fallot

Aortopathy is a recognized comorbidity of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Aortic flow in children with repaired TOF is abnormal despite normal aortic valve anatomy and early surgical repair that results in aortic size normalization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the flow hemodynamics inside the left ventricle (LV) of children with repaired TOF using 4D-Flow MRI derived vorticity. Vorticity is the spatial derivative of flow velocity and is sensitive to anatomic and geometric variations. Vorticity was calculated inside the LV of children with repaired TOF having normal aortic size (n = 14) and normal controls (n = 10) during systolic ejection phase. All subjects underwent comprehensive biventricular analysis including the MRI based feature-tracking based LV strain analysis and mechanical dyssynchrony. Right ventricular (RV) volumetric indices along with LV mechanical indices were correlated with LV vorticity. All TOF patients had supraphysiologic helical flow in the ascending aorta. The generated peak systolic vorticity integrated over the LV volume was elevated in TOF group compared to control (median: 1344 vs. 858 s−1, P < 0.001). TOF patients had increased LV mechanical dyssynchrony (47 ± 11 vs. 32 ± 7 ms, P < 0.001) and reduced LV global circumferential strain (19 ± 2 vs. 21 ± 2%, P = 0.020). In the TOF group, LV systolic vorticity was independent of RV size and LV mechanical indices. Pathologic aortic flow in children with repaired TOF is associated with abnormal ejection flow patterns inside the LV. Increased systolic vorticity was not associated with LV mechanical dyssynchrony and RV dilation, suggesting that systolic flow inside the LV is independent of impaired LV contractile mechanics and inter-ventricular interactions.
Comparison of Video-Facilitated Reflective Practice and Faculty-Led Debriefings

Abstract Background Self-directed video-facilitated reflective practice is a debriefing approach that involves individuals viewing a video of their clinical simulation performance for self-improvement and enhancing understanding. Method This study used a mixed-methods, pre/post, randomized control trial design, comparing student performance and satisfaction between video-facilitated and faculty-led debriefing. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups, although students improved more on clinical performance indicators after self-reflection. Conclusions Video-facilitated reflective practice was shown to be equivalent to faculty-led debriefing. The method warrants further exploration of its effect on faculty workload and student performance improvement.
The global pricing of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria

We develop an expanded asset evaluation model dubbed the environmental, social and governance (ESG) model, which includes a sustainability factor that accounts for the value of ecological and natur...
FEMORAL NERVE CATHETER IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENT STRENGTH DEFICITS AT 6 MONTHS FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

Background:The long-term outcomes of femoral nerve blockade following ACL reconstruction are not well defined. Femoral nerve blocks are typically administered as either a single-injection nerve blo...
Native Valve Disease

Valvular heart disease is commonly a cause of inpatient hospitalization or is identified during hospitalization. These conditions require careful interdisciplinary care that is often best coordinated by a skilled hospitalist. This chapter will discuss the anatomy, pathology, role of multimodality imaging, and guideline-based treatment options for patients with native valvular heart disease.
Can Social Media Rescue Child Beggars

Being the world’s most populous country with growing geographic and social disparities, child begging and missing children has been reported in some Chinese cities and has become a major social issue with growing national attention. The booming of Internet use in general and location-based social media in particular have equipped Chinese citizens with the tools needed to voluntarily engage in several recent rescue efforts toward child beggars, as well as to help the missing children find their way back home. Although academic research on child beggars and missing children has gained increasing attentions in some parts of the world, limited number of studies have addressed the geographic patterns of these two unique population in China. In this article, we provided an overview of child beggars and missing children issue in China, based on the observations from two Chinese social media platforms. Using a representative sample of volunteered geographic information crawled from Sina Weibo and Baby Back Home, this paper examined the geographic distribution of child beggars and missing children in China respectively, and explored how social media platform via Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) has empowered citizens to help rescue child beggars and missing children find their way back home. Our results showed that VGI can serve as a powerful data source for studying the complexity and diversity of child beggars and missing children issues in Chinese cities. As these bottom-up citizen efforts have become a new force of activism in China, a more comprehensive policy and effective legal environment to protect children’s right are sorely needed and China still lags behind compared to the West.