cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Romidepsin activity in T follicular helper(TFH)-phenotype PTCL versus non TFH treated on the same clinical trials.

7509Background: Histone-deacetylase inhibitors are active agents for peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). Anecdotally, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) may respond better to romidepsin than...
Applying the Housing First approach to single-site permanent supportive housing

This study explored how the U.S. Departments of Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) program applies Housing First principles in the context of ten single-si...
The Concept of General Systems

This chapter focuses on the basic concept of general systems and then the fundamental properties of general systems. In particular, Section 2.1 introduces the concept of general systems that will be used throughout the rest of this book along with a brief review of other relevant concepts studied by various scholars in different contexts. Section 2.2 investigates the internal properties of general systems. Section 2.3 considers the set-theoretical structures of general systems and L-fuzzy systems along with the existence of centralized systems.
Varying intensities and configurations for CICO and CICUCO

Classroom management is a leading factor in teacher attrition, with novice teachers citing behavior intervention as their biggest concern in the classroom (Adera & Bullock, 2010; Chaplain, 2008; Co...
Rational Inattention and Analyst Forecast Accuracy

Facing limited attention constraints, financial analysts must strategically choose which information to pay attention to and which information to ignore when making earnings forecasts. I rely on rational inattention theory to develop and test hypotheses on factors that determine analyst attention and how analyst attention affects forecast accuracy. I construct a novel measure of attention that varies across stocks followed by the same analyst during the same fiscal period. I find that analyst attention is decreasing in the marginal cost of paying attention and that analysts allocate attention to firms with earnings that are difficult to forecast, suggesting that analysts suffer from a limited attention constraint. Importantly, I find that attentive analysts are more accurate, and the effect of attention is larger for inexperienced analysts and stocks with highly volatile earnings. Finally, I find that attentive analysts are less likely to revise forecasts upwards and are less optimistic even after controlling for firm information environment and analyst ability.
Peripheral Organ Blood Flow Distribution During Raised Intracranial Pressure in Young Lambs

Elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) is capable of producing a rise in arterial blood pressure as a component of the classic Cushing response. The end-organ response responsible for the rise of arterial blood pressure is thought to involve sympathetically-mediated peripheral vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output. Studies by Brashear and Ross (1970) have shown that beta adrenergic blockage prevents a rise in cardiac output when ICP is raised, and that after alpha adrenergic blockade, increasing ICP produces a fall in systemic vascular resistance.
Numerical modeling of wear behavior of solid fats

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a numerical model to characterize wear behavior of solid fats with different crystalline networks. Wear behaviors of three different fats (cocoa butter [CB], anhydrous milk fat [AMF], and palm oil [PO]) crystallized at three temperatures (dependent on fat type) and two cooling rates (0.1 and 15 °C min−1) were evaluated under several normal forces (0.3–2.0 N) at room temperature (20 °C). A numerical model for penetration depth that accounted for both deformation and removal of material due to wear was developed. All models had mean absolute error
The Influence of Race-Related Stress on Eating Pathology: The Mediating Role of Depression and Moderating Role of Cultural Worldview Among Black American Women:

The current study aimed to advance the eating pathology literature through investigating the association between a salient stressor for Black American women (race-related stress) and eating patholo...
Multisystem Inflammatory Disorders

Inflammation is the body's response to injurious agents. While it is often site-specific and localized, in some instances, the inflammatory response can occur in tissues and organs throughout the body. In those situations, this process becomes a multisystem inflammatory disorder. In most of these instances the inciting injurious agent may not be known or cannot be identified.
A model for human action potential dynamics in vivo.

This work presents a new model of the action potential of the human which reproduces the complex dynamics during premature stimulation in patients.
Computational systems mechanobiology of growth and remodeling: Integration of tissue mechanics and cell regulatory network dynamics

Abstract Growth and remodeling (G&R) of biological tissues is an inherently multiscale and multiphysics process. In the past two decades, computational models of G&R have been developed to improve our fundamental understanding of how tissues adapt to mechanical cues. Models focused on tissue mechanics have successfully captured G&R of tissues but lacking a detailed description of the biological control at the cell level. In contrast, systems biology models of mechanotransduction and cellular processes associated to G&R events have been developed often without coupling to the tissue mechanical behavior at multiple scales. Here, we review novel approaches to fuse the systems biology approach to cell mechanobiology with the continuum mechanics descriptions of G&R.
Machine-learning-based simulation and fed-batch control of cyanobacterial-phycocyanin production in Plectonema by artificial neural network and deep reinforcement learning

Abstract In this paper, a model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) strategy is presented with an artificial neural network (ANN) as reaction simulation environment, to obtain a fed-batch control strategy for an experimental bioreactor. The proposed method is a fundamental attempt to control reactions by employing state-of-the-art machine learning tools without the aid of well-established mechanistic understanding of the reaction system. This application utilizes the Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) algorithm, a member of the DRL family, that takes advantage of actor-critic algorithm and asynchronous learning by parallel learning agents to achieve stability and efficiency of the learning process. The resulting controller demonstrates robust performance in the fed-batch bioreactor since it can be adjusted to meet varying constraining factors including nutrient limitations and culture lengths. Results are presented for a bioreactor that produces cyanobacterial-phycocyanin (C-PC) in Plectonema sp. UTEX 1541. Experimental validations show a 52.1% increase in the product yield, and a 20.1% increase in C-PC concentration compared to a control group with the same total nutrient input replenished in a non-optimized manner.
Abstract 15288: Mitochondrial Injury in Cardiomyopathy of Neurogenic Hypertension: Role of MiR-18a-5p/HIF-1a Axis

Hypertension increases the risk of heart disease, and key hallmark features of hypertensive heart disease is sympatho-excitation and mitochondrial injury. However, the molecular intermediary link b...
Streamflow variability controls N and P export and speciation from Alaskan coastal temperate rainforest watersheds

The perhumid coastal temperate rainforest (PCTR) of northwestern North America is projected to become warmer and wetter in coming decades, with largely unquantified implications for the magnitude and speciation of riverine nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) export from PCTR ecosystems. We collected streamwater at weekly to monthly intervals for a year and intensively during two multi-day storms (one each in summer and the autumn rainy season) from streams draining three of the most common landcover types in southeast Alaska (poor fen, forested wetland and upland forest). Our goal was to investigate how seasonal and episodic (stormflows) changes in runoff influence the magnitude and species of dissolved N and P exported from PCTR watersheds. Riverine yields of total dissolved N and P ranged from 238 to 406 kg km2 year− 1 for N and 11 to 17 kg km2 year− 1 for P and were dominated by organic nutrient forms. Yields of N and P showed a varied response to runoff, with both hydrologic transport and source limitation of nutrient yields observed across the landcover types. During stormflows, log transformed ratios of dissolved inorganic N to soluble reactive P decreased from prestorm levels of ~ 1.0 to 1.5 to less than 0.3 during peak flow at all sites, illustrating that storms induce ephemeral changes in inorganic nutrient export and stoichiometry. Our findings highlight the pulsed nature of dissolved N and P export from PCTR watersheds suggesting that future changes in the seasonality and intensity of precipitation may influence the flow of terrestrial nutrients to marine ecosystems.
Presidential youth fitness program implementation: An antecedent to organizational change.

Abstract Introduction Grounded in organizational change theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the Presidential Youth Fitness Program (PYFP) and its association with healthy cultures within schools. Methods Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, site visits and artifacts across 374 schools. An explanatory collective case study approach was used to identify key events related to implementation. Results Pivotal antecedents to organizational change included prolonged, continual PD, direct support of PYFP implementation, and recognition. Further, three key themes of leveling of the playing field, strategically overcoming barriers, and recruiting teacher fitness champions were identified. Conclusions Creating a healthy school culture was an unexpected, but feasible outcome stemming from the implementation of the PYFP. A collective effort, led by physical education teachers and fitness champions and embraced by the administration, faculty, and community, is necessary for the school culture to unfreeze from its present status.
Mentorship for Doctor of Education Candidates: Exploring Sustainability, Networking, and Expected Outcomes within a Mentoring Program:

Candidates who pursue a Doctor of Education (EdD) often have a unique set of challenges as these candidates typically hold professional leadership roles in schools, districts, or organizations whil...
Engineering care in pandemic technogovernance: The politics of care in China and South Korea’s COVID-19 tracking apps

This article critically examines South Korea and China’s COVID-19 tracking apps by bridging surveillance studies with feminist technoscience’s understanding of the “politics of care”. Conducting cr...
Gabra6100Q allele Sprague-Dawley rats have a higher sensitivity to hypnosis induced by isoflurane and ethanol than the wild type rats.

Abstract Background The neurobiological mechanisms underlying how general anesthetics render a patient’s unconsciousness (hypnosis) remains elusive. The role of the cerebellum in hypnosis induced by general anesthetics is unknown. Gabra6100Q allele Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats have a naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism in the GABAA receptor α6 subunit gene that is expressed exclusively in cerebellum granule cells. Methods We examined the loss of righting reflex (LORR) induced by isoflurane, and ethanol in Gabra6100Q rats compared with those in wild type (WT) SD rats. We also examined the change of c-Fos expression induced by isoflurane exposure in cerebellum granule cells of both mutant and WT rats. Results Gabra6100Q rats are more sensitive than WT rats to the LORR induced by isoflurane and ethanol. Moreover, isoflurane exposure induced a greater reduction in c-Fos expression in cerebellum granule cells of Gabra6100Q rats than WT rats. Conclusions Based on these data, we speculate that cerebellum may be involved in the hypnosis induced by some general anesthetics and thus may represent a novel target of general anesthetics.
Problem Solving and Hypothesis Testing Using Economic Experiments

The roots and uses of economic experiments in problem solving and hypothesis testing are explored in the present article. The literature suggests that the primary advantage of economics experiments is the ability to use controlled stimuli to test economic hypotheses. Other literature also suggests that experiments are useful in problem solving settings. The advantages and disadvantages of experiments are discussed.
Studies of cholinesterase activity. IV. Liver function in pregnancy: values of certain standard liver function tests in normal pregnancy.

Abstract 1. 1. Maternal and placental vein sera were studied in a series of prenatal clinic patients with normal pregnancies. 2. 2. Maternal serum cholesterol increased throughout pregnancy to the time of labor. Fetal cholesterol was quite low. Both maternal and fetal cholesterol esterification were normal. 3. 3. Serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated in both mothers and babies. 4. 4. Serum albumin decreased in the mother's serum throughout pregnancy, whereas globulin fell and then rose prior to delivery. Fetal proteins were low. Fetal globulin was lower than fetal albumin. 5. 5. Maternal and fetal thymol turbidity was normal but fetal values were much lower than corresponding maternal values. 6. 6. Cephalin-cholesterol flocculation was essentially normal in mother and baby. 7. 7. Serum bilirubin, total and direct, was normal in mothers, elevated in babies. 8. 8. Serum cholinesterase activity fell during pregnancy and was low in the fetus. Individual maternal values were unrelated to maternal race, fetal sex, fetal weight at birth, or maternal parity. 9. 9. The hematocrit of maternal and fetal blood was determined. It was roughly proportional to serum cholinesterase activity. Within normal hematocrit ranges, however, mean serum cholinesterase activity was significantly depressed during normal pregnancy. This indicates that further explanation is needed to account for the marked fall in serum cholinesterase activity in maternal blood during normal pregnancy.
An efficient modified level set method for brain tissue segmentation

The paper presents a new efficient method for brain tissue extraction. Firstly, the speed of segmentation is enhanced through improving classical distance matrix. It can accelerate the distance function convergence faster, and the accuracy is not reduced simultaneously. Secondly, the uniqueness of classical result is changed through the improved method. The evolving lines will be stopped at the same level gray, so the primal fluid can be wiped off. White matter and gray matter are extracted more accurate. Finally, a dynamic condition for ending iteration is presented through comparing the interval frames. The improvement changes the flaw of setting evolving times to end iteration, so it can make the veracity and speed much better. The methods are generally applied to image 2D and 3D segmentation, and the results of experiment indicate that the improvements can make the brain tissue extraction more rapid and accurate, and will be very helpful for doctor to make a definite diagnosis.
Making the Grade International Testing that is Used to Predict the Grim Future of US Science and Technology is Being Vastly Misinterpreted

Improving education should be a priority for the nation, but erroneous interpretations of international test scores may drive economic and competitiveness policy in the wrong direction. When we consider that education testing shows formidable US strength as the largest producer of top-scoring students alongside a significant problem at the bottom, the threat to future competitiveness seems to be something quite different from the headlines. Caution is needed so we neither create policies that overstock the science and technology workforce nor unthinkingly implement the education and social practices in other high-scoring countries.
Particle Concentrations in a Diesel Cylinder: Comparison of Theory and Experiment

Soot formation and oxidation within the cylinder of a divided-chamber diesel engine have been studied experimentally and predicted analytically using a diesel combustion model. Experimental measurements of in-cylinder particle concentration were made using a unique sampling system which samples and quenches nearly the entire contents of the cylinder on a time scale of less than 1 ms. The experimental measurements are compared with predictions made using a stochastic combustion model coupled to an Arrhenius-type soot formation model, and O/sub 2/ and OH soot oxidation models.
Trains, planes, & fishing boats: a geophone sensor for underwater acoustics

Usually, ocean acousticians use hydrophones (i.e. pressure sensors) for very-low-frequency measurements, either placed on the seabed or suspended in the water. Occasionally, they use transducers that sense the particle velocity associated with the acoustic wave in the water. Some investigators have been using geophones (i.e., velocity sensors) coupled to the seabed itself. Geophones measure the motion at the seabed, which can be different from that in the adjacent water mass. In particular, geophones-unlike hydrophones-can sense the propagation of shear waves in the seabed. Seismologists have been using geophones in their Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) packages for years. The author describes the configuration, testing, and calibration of an OBS for underwater acoustic experiments
Highways in the sky: scales of atmospheric transport of plant pathogens.

Many high-risk plant pathogens are transported over long distances (hundreds of meters to thousands of kilometers) in the atmosphere. The ability to track the movement of these pathogens in the atmosphere is essential for forecasting disease spread and establishing effective quarantine measures. Here, we discuss the scales of atmospheric dispersal of plant pathogens along a transport continuum (pathogen scale, farm scale, regional scale, and continental scale). Growers can use risk information at each of these dispersal scales to assist in making plant disease management decisions, such as the timely application of appropriate pesticides. Regional- and continental-scale atmospheric features known as Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) may shuffle plant pathogens along highways in the sky. A promising new method relying on overlapping turbulent back-trajectories of pathogen-laden parcels of air may assist in localizing potential inoculum sources, informing local and/or regional management efforts such as...
Mathematical justification of recurrent neural networks with long- and short-term memories

Two theorems are given, that justify the use of multi-layer perceptrons with interconnected neurons (MLPWIN) with long- and short-term memories (LASTMs) for both L/sub p/ and risk-sensitive adaptive processing. The benefits of using a MLPWIN with LASTMs include less online computation, no poor local extrema to fall into, and much more timely and better adaptation.
Implementation and impact of ultraviolet environmental disinfection in an acute care setting.

Background Multiple-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and Clostridium difficile (CD) are significant problems in health care. Evidence suggests that these organisms are transmitted to patients by the contaminated environment. Methods This is a retrospective study of the implementation of ultraviolet environmental disinfection (UVD) following discharge cleaning of contact precautions rooms and other high-risk areas at Westchester Medical Center, a 643-bed tertiary care academic medical center. Incidence rates of hospital-acquired MDROs plus CD before and during the UVD use were evaluated using rate ratios and piecewise regression. Results The average time per UVD was 51 minutes, and machines were in use 30% of available time. UVD was used 11,389 times; 3,833 (34%) of uses were for contact precautions discharges. UVD was completed for 76% of contact precautions discharges. There was a significant 20% decrease in hospital-acquired MDRO plus CD rates during the 22-month UVD period compared with the 30-month pre-UVD period (2.14 cases/1,000 patient-days vs 2.67 cases per 1,000 patient-days, respectively; rate ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.88, P Conclusion During the time period UVD was in use, there was a significant decrease in overall hospital-acquired MDRO plus CD in spite of missing 24% of opportunities to disinfect contact precautions rooms. This technology was feasible to use in our acute care setting and appeared to have a beneficial effect.
Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on exercise of varying intensity and duration. Practical implications.

The major emphasis of this article is to review the many studies dealing specifically with(1) different types of exercice (in terms of duration and intensity) that might be aided by carbohydrate ingestion;(2) the varying metabolic effects of the different carbonhydrates that are commonly ingested;(3) timing of ingestion; and(4) practical implications of carbohyrate ingestion for endurance exercice activity
Asymmetric addition of alkylzinc reagents to cyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and a tandem enantioselective addition/diastereoselective epoxidation with dioxygen.

Although over 100 catalysts have been reported to catalyze the asymmetric addition of alkyl groups to aldehydes, these catalysts fail to promote additions to ketones with >90% enantioselectivity. This paper describes the asymmetric 1,2-addition of alkyl groups to conjugated cyclic enones to give allylic alcohols with chiral quaternary centers. The resultant allylic alcohols are converted into epoxy alcohols with excellent diastereoselectivities. Treatment of the epoxy alcohols with BF3.OEt2 induces a semipinacol rearrangement to provide alpha,alpha-dialkyl-beta-hydroxy ketones with all-carbon chiral quaternary centers. We also report a one-pot procedure for the asymmetric addition/diastereoselective epoxidation reaction. Simply exposing the reaction mixture to dioxygen after the asymmetric addition reaction is complete results in epoxidation of the allylic alcohol with high diastereoselectivity.
Purification of carbon single-wall nanotubes by potassium intercalation and exfoliation

A purification procedure for single-wall carbon nanotubes prepared by the arc-discharge method is described that employs a new step of potassium intercalation. Thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the results of each purification step. This potassium intercalation step is particularly useful for exfoliating the graphitic shell structure that typically surrounds the metal catalyst particles that remain from the nanotube synthesis. By exfoliating the shell structure, subsequent treatments are more efficacious for removing the metal catalyst particles. By testing full purification procedures, it is demonstrated that with potassium intercalation the number of purification steps can be reduced.
An Evaluation of Via Hole Tenting with Solder Mask Designed to Pass MIL‐P‐55110D Thermal Shock Requirements

The tenting of via holes has been a controversial issue in the military arena for several years. This issue has gained importance with MIL‐STD‐2000's requirement that all circuitry and vias under components be coated to preclude entrapment of flux. This paper addresses this issue by evaluating the MIL‐Spec thermal shock reliability of solder mask as a hole fill material and as a via tent cover. The relationship of via hole to pad size on tent reliability and solder mask thickness is also investigated. This paper concludes that solder mask as a hole fill material will not pass military thermal shock requirements and that standard dry film solder mask is very sensitive to via hole and pad dimensions. The thinner and more flexible high conformance solder mask is the only material capable of passing MIL‐Spec thermal shock requirements for all via hole to pad relationships.
Bestrophin gene mutations in patients with best vitelliform macular dystrophy

Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD2) is an autosomal dominant dystrophy with a juvenile age of onset. Mutations in the Bestrophin gene were shown in patients affected with VMD2. In a mutation study, we made three new and interesting observations. First, we identified possible mutation hotspots within the gene, suggesting that particular regions of the protein have greater functional significance than others. Second, we described a 2-bp deletion in a part of the gene where mutations have not previously been reported; this mutation causes a frameshift and subsequent premature termination of the protein. Finally, we have evidence that some mutations are associated with variable expression of the disease, suggesting the involvement of other factors or genes in the disease phenotype.
Comparing finite mechanisms

This paper obtains finite analogues to propositions that a previous literature obtained about the informational efficiency of mechanisms whose possible messages form a continuum. Upon reaching an equilibrium message, to which all persons “agree”, a mechanism obtains an action appropriate to the organization's environment. Each person's privately observed characteristic (a part of the organization's environment) enters her agreement rule. An example is the Walrasian mechanism in an exchange economy. There a message specifies a proposed trade vector for each trader as well as a price for each non-numeraire commodity. A trader agrees if the price of each non-numeraire commodity equals her marginal utility for that commodity (at the proposed trades) divided by her marginal utility for the numeraire. At an equilibrium message, the mechanism's action consists of the trades specified in that message, and (for classic economies) those trades are Pareto-optimal and individually rational. Even though the space of environments (characteristics) is a continuum, mechanisms with a continuum of possible messages are unrealistic, since transmitting every point of a continuum is impossible. In reality, messages have to be rounded off and the number of possible messages has to be finite. Moreover, reaching a continuum mechanism's equilibrium message typically requires infinite time and that difficulty is absent if the number of possible messages is finite. The question therefore arises whether results about continuum mechanisms have finite counterparts. If we measure a continuum mechanism's communication cost by its message-space dimension, then our corresponding cost measure for a finite mechanism is the (finite) number of possible equilibrium messages. We find that if two continuum mechanisms yield the same action but the first has higher message-space dimension, then a sufficiently fine finite approximation of the first has larger error than an approximation of the second if the cost of the first approximation is no higher than the cost of the second approximation. An approximation's “error” is the largest distance between the continuum mechanism's action and the approximation's action. We obtain bounds on error. We also study the performance of Direct Revelation (DR) mechanisms relative to “indirect” mechanisms, both yielding the same action, when the environment set grows. We find that as the environment-set dimension goes to infinity, so does the extra cost of the DR approximation, if the error of the DR approximation is at least as small as the error of the indirect approximation. While the paper deals with information-processing costs and not incentives, it is related to the incentive literature, since the Revelation Principle is central to much of that literature and one of our main results is the informational inefficiency of finite Direct Revelation mechanisms.
Optimizing bexarotene therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Abstract Background: Bexarotene (Targretin oral capsules), the first RXR-selective retinoid "rexinoid" approved for all stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), had a response rate (RR) of 45% at the optimal dose of 300 mg/m 2 per day in 2 multicenter trials. With hypertriglyceridemia reported at 79%, bexarotene is often administered with lipid-lowering agents (LLAs). Statins (inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) may modulate class II major histocompatibility class expression and T-cell responses. Objective: We attempted to optimize the clinical response to bexarotene by controlling dose-limiting hypertriglyceridemia and combining bexarotene with other active agents. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 70 patients with CTCL at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center who were treated with oral bexarotene as monotherapy or in combination with other active agents. Results: Fifty-four patients receiving bexarotene monotherapy achieved an overall RR of 48%. Thirteen had stage IA-IIA disease (RR = 53%, 1 complete response [CR]); 41 had stage IIB-IVB disease (RR = 46%, 2 CRs). Forty-two (77%) of these also required one or more LLAs: atorvastatin (n = 29, RR 43%), atorvastatin plus fenofibrate (n = 10, RR 90%), or gemfibrozil (n = 3, RR 33%). Gemfibrozil was discontinued because it increased bexarotene and triglyceride levels. Patients taking 2 LLAs had a significantly higher RR of 90% during monotherapy than those taking one or no LLAs ( P 3 years' duration and received maintenance dosing. Sixteen patients with advanced disease treated with bexarotene (225-750 mg/d) in combination with other CTCL therapies achieved an overall RR of 69% (11/16) with concomitant statin therapy. Bexarotene was safely combined with psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) plus interferon alfa (IFN-α) (n = 2, RR=50%), with extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) (n = 8, RR=75%, 1 CR), with ECP/IFN-α (n = 4, RR=50%), with ECP/IFN-α/PUVA (n = 1, RR=100%), and with IFN-α/PUVA/topical nitrogen mustard (n = 1, RR=100%). Two patients receiving IFN-α had slight leukopenia, but rhabdomyolysis associated with multiple LLAs did not occur. Conclusion: This single-center study supports the safety and efficacy of bexarotene as both a monotherapy and a combination therapy for CTCL. Long durable CRs may be achieved with oral monotherapy. Use of statins with bexarotene may also increase RRs by permitting higher doses to be administered without interruption, by modulating the immune response, or both. When bexarotene is combined with other active CTCL therapies, higher RRs were achieved in patients with advanced disease, without unacceptable side effects. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:672-84.)
Determination of the pKa' value for 5,5-diphenylhydantoin.

The pKa' value for diphenylhydantoin was found to be 8.31 by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and 8.33 by potentiometric titration.
Anomalous origin of both coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery.

Abstract The clinical and pathologic features of a 7 day old infant in whom both coronary arteries arose from the pulmonary artery is presented, and information derived from the 7 previously reported patients with this anomaly is summarized. Characteristically, these infants have cyanosis and dyspnea at birth or shortly thereafter, cardiac enlargement and no heart murmur, and rapidly progress to heart failure. All reported patients with this condition have died within two weeks after birth. None of the reported patients with double anomalous coronary arteries has been diagnosed ante mortem.
EFFECTS OF MILD TO MODERATE SEDATION ON SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENTS

Sedatives alter the metrics of saccadic eye movements. If these effects are nonspecific consequences of sedation, like drowsiness and loss of attention to the task, or differ between sedatives is still unresolved. A placebo-controlled multi-step infusion of one of three sedatives, propofol or midazolam, both GABA-A agonists, or dexmedetedomidine, an α2-adrenergic agonist, was adopted to compare the effects of these three drugs in exactly the same experimental conditions. 60 healthy human volunteers, randomly divided in 4 groups, participated in the study. Each infusion step, delivered by a computer-controlled infusion pump, lasted 20 min. During the last 10 min of each step, the subject executed a saccadic task. Target concentration was doubled at each step. This block was repeated until the subject was too sedated to continue or for a maximum of 6 blocks. Subjects were unaware which infusion they were receiving. A video eye tracker was used to record the movements of the right eye. Saccadic parameters were modeled as a function of block number, estimated sedative plasma concentration, and subjective evaluation of sedation. Propofol and midazolam had strong effects on the dynamics and latency of the saccades. Midazolam, and to a less extent, propofol, caused saccades to become increasingly hypometric. Dexmedetedomidine had less impact on saccadic metrics and presented no changes in saccadic gain. Suppression of the sympathetic system associated with dexmedetomidine has different effects on eye movements from the increased activity of the inhibitory GABA-A receptors by propofol and midazolam even when the subjects reported similar sedation level.
Brain Abscesses Due to Pseudallescheria boydii Associated with Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System: A Case Report and Literature Review

A 54-year-old man with primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thoracic spinal cord developed multiple brain abscesses caused by Pseudallescheria boydii. The patient had received radiotherapy and corticosteroid treatment before developing the brain abscesses. Antemortem diagnostic evaluations were inconclusive, and diagnosis was finally made from postmortem brain specimens by the use of histologic examination and isolation of the fungus in culture. The portal of entry for the organism was unknown, but the abscesses were confined to the brain alone. P. boydii should be considered as a possible cause of multiple brain abscesses in patients with malignant lymphoma, especially after immunosuppressive treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The literature on the rare occurrence of brain abscesses caused by this fungus is reviewed.
Convergence of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility

There is growing convergence of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility due to increasing business performance pressures and escalating stakeholder expectations of the firm and board of directors. This union encourages director influence on the firm’s CSR agenda through stakeholder engagement, active participation in strategy, board-management relationships, and integrated financial, operational, and sustainability performance reporting. This study considers the experience of seven US public company boards to determine factors that may advance board involvement and impact in corporate social responsibility.
Comparison of Intrinsic Connectivity in Different Areas of Macaque Monkey Cerebral Cortex

We have used small injections of biocytin to label and compare patterns of intraareal, laterally spreading projections of pyramidal neurons in a number of areas of macaque monkey cerebral cortex. In visual areas (V1, V2, and V4), somatosensory areas (3b, 1, and 2), and motor area 4, a punctate discontinuous pattern of connections is made from 200-microns-diameter biocytin injections in the superficial layers. In prefrontal cortex (areas 9 and 46), stripe-like connectivity patterns are observed. In all areas of cortex examined, the width of the terminal-free gaps is closely scaled to the average diameter of terminal patches, or width of terminal stripes. In addition, both patch and gap dimensions match the average lateral spread of the dendritic field of single pyramidal neurons in the superficial layers of the same cortical region. These architectural features of the connectional mosaics are constant despite a twofold difference in scale across cortical areas and different species. They therefore appear to be fundamental features of cortical organization. A model is offered in which local circuit inhibitory "basket" interneurons, activated at the same time as excitatory pyramidal neurons, could veto pyramidal neuron connections within either circular or stripe-like domains; this could lead to the formation of the pattern of lateral connections observed in this study, and provides a framework for further theoretical studies of cerebral cortex function.
Genome-wide association study of personality traits in bipolar patients.

Objective Genome-wide association study was carried out on personality traits among bipolar patients as possible endophenotypes for gene discovery in bipolar disorder. Methods The subscales of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) were used as quantitative phenotypes. The genotyping platform was the Affymetrix 6.0 SNP array. The sample consisted of 944 individuals for TCI and 1007 for ZKPQ, all of European ancestry, diagnosed with bipolar disorder by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. Results Genome-wide significant association was found for two subscales of the TCI, rs10479334 with the 'Social Acceptance versus Social Intolerance' subscale (Bonferroni P = 0.014) in an intergenic region, and rs9419788 with the 'Spiritual Acceptance versus Rational Materialism' subscale (Bonferroni P = 0.036) in PLCE1 gene. Although genome-wide significance was not reached for ZKPQ scales, lowest P values pinpointed to genes, RXRG for Sensation Seeking, GRM7 and ITK for Neuroticism Anxiety, and SPTLC3 gene for Aggression Hostility. Conclusion After correction for the 25 subscales in TCI and four scales plus two subscales in ZKPQ, phenotype-wide significance was not reached.
Prenatal diagnosis of 5p

With the combination of the various banding techniques (G,Q, and R), a small deletion of the short arm of a No.5 chromosome was detected prenatally in the pregnancy of a 39-year-old woman. The deletion appeared to be either intersitial in nature, involving part of p13 and p14, or the result of a translocation with deletion of p13 leads to pter. Both parents were found to have a normal chromosome constitution with normal banding patterns. Thus, this deletion was a de novo event. Repeat amniotic fluid cell chromosome analysis at the time of elective abortion, and postmortem examination of the fetus confirmed the prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis. We wish to emphasize that precise identification of a small deletion, as in this case, requires a combination of the various banding techniques.
Management of recurrent meningeal hemangiopericytoma

BACKGROUND Meningeal hemangiopericytoma is an uncommon neoplasm with a high propensity for recurrence. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of different treatment options in patients with recurrent disease. METHODS The records of all patients with recurrent meningeal hemangiopericytoma treated at the study institution between 1976 and 1996 were reviewed. RESULTS Thirty-four consecutive patients were studied. The mainstay of treatment was brain surgery in 21 patients (62%); the median time to recurrence from surgery was 12 months. Ten patients (29%) had 20 recurrent central nervous system (CNS) lesions treated by stereotactic radiosurgery. Of these, 3 previously nonirradiated patients (all with lesion size < 25 mm) achieved a complete response, which persisted at a median of 3 years. In 14 lesions (70%) a partial response (PR) occurred with a median duration of 12 months, whereas 3 lesions (15%) remained stable. Two patients with inoperable CNS lesions received external beam radiation therapy and both had PRs lasting 14 and 24 months, respectively. Nine patients (26%) received radiation therapy for metastatic disease. Of these, seven patients remained stable with good symptomatic relief, and two patients experienced tumor progression. Chemotherapy with doxorubicin-containing regimens was administered in 7 patients (21%); there was only 1 PR that lasted 8 months. The median survival from first recurrence was 4.6 years. CONCLUSIONS Surgical management is important for the successful treatment of patients with recurrent meningeal hemangiopericytoma. Radiosurgery plays a definite role in the treatment of smaller recurrent CNS lesions. Radiation therapy is helpful in the management of inoperable tumors. More effective chemotherapeutic agents are needed. Cancer 1998;82:1915-20. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Interferon-induced depression in hepatitis C: an update.

Hepatitis C is a global epidemic, and its costs in both lives and health care expenditures continue to rise. The only approved treatment for this disease, interferonalpha (IFN), causes treatment-emergent depression in more than one quarter of all patients who take it. Newer preparations of IFN have been developed to increase its antiviral efficacy, but the incidence of treatment-emergent depression has not decreased. The data on the epidemiology and risk factors for interferon-induced depression are reviewed in an effort to delineate its standing as a unique psychiatric disorder. In addition, evidence-based treatment approaches are outlined, including the potential efficacy of preinterferon prophylactic treatment with antidepressants.
Survival and Growth of Juvenile Pacific Lampreys Tagged with Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT) in Freshwater and Seawater

Abstract Tagging methods are needed for both adult and juvenile life stages of Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata to better understand their biology and factors contributing to their decline. We developed a safe and efficient technique for tagging juvenile Pacific lampreys with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. We tested the short-term survival of PIT-tagged juvenile lampreys in freshwater at four temperatures (9, 12, 15, and 18°C) and their long-term growth and survival in seawater. For both experiments there was little to no tag loss, and juvenile lampreys in freshwater showed high survival at all temperatures at 7 d (95–100%) and 14 d (88–100%) posttagging. Prolonged holding (40 d) resulted in significantly lower survival (28–79%) at warmer temperatures (12–18°C). For juvenile lampreys tagged in freshwater and then transitioned to seawater, survival was 97% for tagged fish until day 94, and at the end of 6 months, survival was about 58% for both tagged and control fish. About half of the tag...
The effects of aging on the dissolution of phenytoin sodium capsule formulations

Abstract The effects of formulation and storage conditions on the dissolution of sodium phenytoin capsules have been evaluated. Capsule formulations were prepared containing lactose or CaSO 4 · 2H 2 O as the excipient at a low (1:1) and high (3:1) excipient to drug ratio. The capsules were stored for 2 or 8 weeks at 11% and 67% relative humidity. The dissolution data were analyzed using a non-linear least-squares regression program and the Weibull function. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed on each of the Weibull function parameters revealed that the formulation and storage conditions had different effects on each of these parameters. A specific interaction between CaSO 4 · 2H 4 O and phenytoin sodium was not evident from the data; however, significant effects on the deaggregation process could be detected from changes in the β parameter. Several interaction effects between storage conditions and formulation factors were also evident from the ANOVA results. This study illustrates the utility of the Weibull function analysis of dissolution data for detecting drug-excipient interactions and storage-related changes in solid dosage forms.
The effect of chronic sputum production on respiratory symptoms in severe COPD.

Background: Chronic sputum production is a significant but variable complaint in COPD; its effect on symptom burden has not been comprehensively described. We sought to characterize the daily burden of chronic sputum production in severe COPD and the phenotype of those with chronic sputum symptoms. Methods: We studied 50 outpatients with severe COPD who used an electronic diary to document peak expiratory flow (PEF) and respiratory symptoms daily for up to 2 years. A sputum index was derived based on complaints of sputum quantity, color, and consistency, and patients were divided into groups based on average daily sputum index (Low, Medium, High). The presence and severity of respiratory symptoms were scored by a novel method using daily changes in symptoms and PEF from baseline and were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe. Percent emphysema was measured using quantitative CT. Results: In the 14,500 observation days, severe symptom days were greater in the Medium and High groups (379/6089, 1609/40...
Conceptual, Theoretical, and Practical Approaches to the Development of Interdisciplinary Teams: A Transactional Model.

We describe the conceptual, theoretical, and practical approaches involved in the development and implementation of the Program for Organizing Interdisciplinary Self‐Education (POISE), an interdisciplinary team education program. The conceptual framework is based on the idea that team members can be taught to develop group self‐education skills; the theoretical framework of POISE is rooted in self‐education, adult education, and group dynamics theory. POISE demonstrates that conceptual and theoretical approaches can be linked and applied successfully to practical approaches to staff education. POISE activities and tasks are designed to teach team members the methods of team development, management, and maintenance. POISE includes methods that interdisciplinary teams almost anywhere can use to assess and improve their interdisciplinary collaboration. POISE includes training in methods of defining and negotiating team members’ roles, case study approaches to prioritizing treatment goals, group simulations, ...
Bond angles in disiloxane: A pseudo-potential electronic structure study

Abstract Calculations using effective potentials demonstrate sensitivity of the SiOSi bond angle to basis set. The important polarization functions for obtaining reasonable bond angles are oxygen d functions have greater population. No significant angular variation of the pπ-dπ bonding is obtained; rather, coulombic and steric repulsions open the SiOSi angle.
The value proposition of structured reporting in interventional radiology.

OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this article are to provide a brief overview of structured radiology reporting and to emphasize the anticipated benefits from a new generation of standardized interventional radiology procedure reports. CONCLUSION. Radiology reporting standards and tools have evolved to enable automated data integration from multiple institutions using structured templates. In interventional radiology, data aggregated into clinical, research and quality registries from enriched structured reports could firmly establish the interventional radiology value proposition.
Production of polyhydroxy fatty acids from linoleic acid by Clavibacter sp. ALA2

Hydroxy fatty acids are important industrial materials. We isolated a microbial culture, Clavibacter sp. ALA2, which converts linoleic acid to many polyhydroxy fatty acids. Structures of the products were determined as: 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic (THOA, main product), 12-[5-ethyl-2-tetrahydrofuranyl]-7,12-dihydroxy-9(Z)-dodecenoic (ETDDA), and 12-[5-ethyl-2-tetrahydrofuranyl]-12-hydroxy-9(Z)-dodecenoic (ETHDA) acid. The yield of THOA was 25% and the relative amount of the products were THOA/ETDDA/ETHDA =9:1.3:1. The structures of the hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids resemble those of plant self-defense substances.