cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain: Popular Pilgrimage and Visionary Landscape in Southeast Tibet

The Tibetan district of Tsari with its sacred snow-covered peak of Pure Crystal Mountain has long been a place of symbolic and ritual significance for Tibetan peoples. In this book, Toni Huber provides the first thorough study of a major Tibetan Buddhist pilgrimage center and cult mountain, and explores the esoteric and popular traditions of ritual there. The main focus is on the period of the 1940s and '50s, just prior to the 1959 Lhasa uprising and subsequent Tibetan diaspora into South Asia. Huber's work thus documents Tibetan life patterns and cultural traditions which have largely disappeared with the advent of Chinese colonial modernity in Tibet. In addition to the work's documentary content, Huber offers discussion and analysis of the construction and meaning of Tibetan cultural categories of space, place, and person, and the practice of ritual and organization of traditional society in relation to them.
Hydrogen storage in low silica type X zeolites.

Low silica type X zeolites (LSX, Si/Al = 1) fully exchanged by alkali-metal cations (Li(+), Na(+), and K(+)) were studied for their hydrogen storage capacities. Hydrogen adsorption isotherms were measured separately at 77 K and Na(+) > K(+), as predicted based on the ionic radii. Oxygen anions on zeolite framework were minor adsorption sites. Li-LSX had an H(2) capacity of 1.5 wt % at 77 K and 1 atm, and a capacity of 0.6 wt % at 298 K and 10 MPa, among the highest of known sorbents. The hydrogen capacity in LSX zeolite by bridged hydrogen spillover was also investigated. A simple and effective technique was employed to build carbon bridges between the H(2) dissociation catalyst and the zeolite to facilitate spillover of hydrogen atoms. Thus, the hydrogen storage capacity of Li-LSX zeolite was enhanced to 1.6 wt % (by a factor of 2.6) at 298 K and 10 MPa. This is by far the highest hydrogen storage capacity obtained on a zeolite material at room temperature. Furthermore, the adsorption rates were fast, and the storages were shown to be fully reversible and rechargeable. Further optimization of the bridge building technique would lead to an additional enhancement of hydrogen storage.
The Rules of Organizing and the Managerial Role

This paper is an attempt to clarify the meaning of the term 'an organization' based on the Weberian distinction between corporate groups and organizations and to identify the managerial role imbedded in his definition. This is done in two stages. First, Weber's definition is theoretically analyzed and its logical implications are presented. In the second stage, the hypotheses generated from these implications are empirically tested. By utilizing data collected from 64 U.S. national manufacturing trade associations, Weber's analytical distinctions between corporate groups and organizations are examined. The patterns of findings are congruent with Weber's argument that organizations are a distinct subset of corporate groups. In addition, findings suggest that the existence of a staff distinct from the members of the group is critical for understanding the nature of organizations.
Choice of data scale: predicting resolution error in a regional evapotranspiration model

Abstract Much attention is being given to the physics of surface heterogeneity in interscale, land-atmosphere process models. A model's physical sensitivity to heterogeneity, however, should not be developed without also simultaneously considering its spatial resolution sensitivity. The purpose of this paper is to determine the degree to which spatial resolution error in a regional evapotranspiration model is a function of the patterns present in the input parameter data layers. Predicted evapotranspiration (ET) maps were generated for a heterogeneous area in northeastern Connecticut at eight spatial resolutions. Input parameter maps included surface cover, albedo, canopy height, canopy resistance, red and near infra-red (NIR) reflectance and normalized difference vegetation index. Error in the mean and absolute point error for all maps were calculated. Absolute error was predicted using the spatial autocorrelation images of the original resolution maps. Several averaging methods differing with respect to the position of the spatial averaging operation in the sequence of procedures were intercompared. Results showed that error in the mean increases erratically as resolution coarsens for non-linear parameter combinations. Absolute error increases asymptotically and this shape is predicted well for input parameter maps. The shape of the ET error curve is not well predicted, but is quite similar to that of the input parameters. These results suggest that spatial patterns in input parameter maps are important in determining critical averaging scales for a regional process model.
An efficient machine learning approach to low-complexity filtering in biological sequences

Biological sequences contain low-complexity regions (LCRs) which produce superfluous matches in homology searches, and lead to slow execution of database search algorithms such as BLAST. These regions are efficiently identified by low-complexity filtering algorithms such as SDUST and SEG, which are included in the BLAST tool-suite. These algorithms target differing notions of complexity, so an algorithm which combines their sensitivities is pursued. A variety of features are derived from these algorithms, as well as a new filtering algorithm based on Lempel-Ziv complexity. Artificial sequences with known LCRs are used to train and evaluate an SVM classifier, which significantly outperforms the standalone filtering algorithms.
Characterization of sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle

Abstract Highly purified sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were isolated from rabbit muscle by sucrose gradient fractionation followed by a wash with 0.5 M LiBr. The purity of the vesicles was tested by loading with calcium oxalate and separating on a sucrose gradient the vesicles which accumulated more calcium oxalate. The more active fraction with regard to calcium oxalate accumulation had the same composition as that of the more poorly loaded vesicles or the entire preparation. Phospholipids were more than 90 % of the total lipid and more than 35 % of the total membrane weight. Phosphatidylcholine (73 % of total lipid P), phosphatidylethanolamine (14 %) and phosphatidylinositol (9 %) were the major phospholipids. Triglycerides accounted for about 4 % and cholesterol and free fatty acids for less than 2 % each of the total lipid. A protein profile was obtained by gel electrophoresis of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles having full Ca 2+ uptake capacity. The molecular weights of the major proteins of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were estimated to be > 200 000, approx. 200 000, 140 000, 115 000, 60 000 and 50 000. The phosphoprotein intermediate of the Ca 2+ pump was identified on acid gels. The steady-state concentration of the 32 P-labelled phosphoprotein was approx. 4.5 nmoles 32 P per mg protein and it had a molecular weight of about 115 000. This 32 P-labelled phosphoprotein accounted for approx. 50 % of the total membrane protein of purified sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.
Relativistic quantum model of confinement and the current quark masses

We consider a relativistic quantum model of confined massive spinning quarks and antiquarks which describes leading Regge trajectories of mesons. The quarks are described by the Dirac equations and the gluon contribution is approximated by the Nambu-Goto straight-line string. The string tension and the current quark masses are the main parameters of the model. Additional parameters are phenomenological constants which approximate nonstring short-range contributions. Comparison of the measured meson masses with the model predictions allows one to determine the current quark masses (in MeV) to be $m_s = 227 \pm 5,~ m_c = 1440 \pm 10,~ m_b = 4715 \pm 20$. The chiral $SU_3$ model[23] makes it possible to estimate from here the $u$- and $d$-quark masses to be $m_u = 6.2 \pm 0.2$~ Mev and $m_d = 11.1 \pm 0.4$ Mev.
The Academic and Functional Academic Skills of Youth Who Are at Risk for Language Impairment in Residential Care

Purpose Undiagnosed language impairment (LI) for youth in residential care is a concern as similar populations have shown elevated levels of language delays. Therefore, the purposes of this study w...
Making Classical Conditioning Understandable through a Demonstration Technique

(1983). Making Classical Conditioning Understandable Through A Demonstration Technique. Teaching of Psychology: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 112-113.
Interpretation of the osmotic behavior of sickle cell hemoglobin solutions: Different interactions among monomers and polymers

It has long been known that a simple hard particle model quantitatively explains the osmotic properties of monomeric hemoglobin near its isoelectric point. However, we find that a hard particle model is not consistent with the osmotic properties of polymerized hemoglobin and that substantial soft repulsions are indicated. With allowance for different interactions among monomers and among polymers, a self-consistent quantitative fit to the experimental data is obtained. The results suggest that the decreasing "solubility" of deoxy sickle cell hemoglobin with increasing temperature from 20 to 37 degrees C is due to weaker repulsions between polymers at higher temperatures rather than stronger polymerization. The temperature dependence of these variables indicates that the aggregation of monomers is enthalpically and entropically driven (the latter effect being stronger), while the approach of polymers toward each other is enthalpically disfavored and entropically favored (with the former dominating). In both cases, the entropic contribution suggests that water is released.
Heterogeneity in cellular and antibody responses against thyrotropin receptor in patients with graves' disease detected using synthetic peptides

Graves' disease (GD) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHr). These antibodies bind to the TSHr and stimulate thyroid cells, thus causing hyperthyroidism. To understand the regulation of TSHr-specific immune responses in Graves' disease, it is important to evaluate the T-cell response in patients with GD against TSHr. In this study we used 11 different peptides that were derived from two regions (i.e. amino acid, AA 12-46 and 316-397) unique to the TSHr when compared to other glycoprotein hormone receptors, and which also have the highest predicted immunogenicity. We evaluated both lymphocyte proliferation as a measure of T-cell response and antibody binding to each of these peptides in nine patients with GD and eight healthy subjects. Patients with GD showed considerable lymphocyte proliferative and antibody responses against several of these peptides. There was considerable heterogeneity in immune responses amongst the patients. Moreover, our data suggested that several peptides contained both T cell and antibody reactive epitopes and might represent some of the highly immunogenic regions of the TSHr.
Thermal expansion of an SiC particle-reinforced aluminum composite

Using a push-rod dilatometer, we measured between 76 and 390 K the thermal expansion of a particle-reinforced-composite wrought plate obtained by powdermetallurgy methods. The particles, 30% by volume, consisted of monocrystals of α-SiC with sizes near 10 μm. The matrix consisted of a 6061 aluminum alloy with original particle sizes near 20 μm. We found the perpendicular thermal expansivity, α3, higher by 26% than the in-plane thermal expansivity, α1∼-α2. These values differ from a rule-of-mixture prediction by −3 and −23%, respectively. All three αi, components lie outside the Rosen-Hashin bounds. Levin's isotropic model agrees within 10% with the α1-α2-α3 average. Both the anisotropy and the bounds violation result from microstructural nonhomogeneity arising from processing. Rosen and Hashin's transverse-isotropicsymmetry relationships account approximately for these effects by introducing the anisotropic elastic constants. Using neutron diffraction, we determined that the SiC particles are textureless.
Advantages of high-field tokamaks for fusion reactor development

High-field designs could reduce the cost and complexity of tokamak reactors. Moreover, the certainty of achieving required plasma performance could be increased. Strong Ohmic heating could eliminate or significantly decrease auxiliary heating power requirements and high values of nτE could be obtained in modest-size plasmas. Other potential advantages are reactor operation at modest values of β, capability of higher power density and wall loading, and possibility of operation with advanced fuel mixtures. Present experimental results and basic scaling relations imply that the parameterB 2a, where B is the magnetic field and a is the minor radius, may be of special importance. A superhigh-field compact ignition experiment with very high values ofB 2a (e.g.,B 2a=150 T2 m) has the potential of Ohmically heating to ignition. This short-pulse device would use inertially cooled copper plate magnets. Compact engineering test reactor and/or experimental hybrid reactor designs would use steady-state, water-cooled copper magnets and provide long-pulse operation. Design concepts are also described for demonstration/commercial reactors. These devices could use high-field superconducting magnets with 7–10 T at the plasma axis.
Determination of [14C]leucine specific radioactivity utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography to isolate the double-labeled dinitrophenyl methyl ester.

Abstract A rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for the determination of leucine specific radioactivity was developed. It is based upon a popular technique in which a second label is introduced by reaction with radioactive fluorodinitrobenzene, allowing a determination of specific radioactivity from the 14 C 3 H ratio in the isolated derivative. The present method utilized high-performance liquid chromatography to isolate the methyl ester of the dinitrophenyl derivative. Resolution of the methyl-DNP-leucine from the corresponding derivatives of all other amino acids was achieved on small particle silica packings in an elution time of 6 min. Application to the determination of specific radioactivity of other amino acids is possible.
Effects of DDT sediment-contamination on macrofaunal community structure and composition in San Francisco Bay

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of sediment contamination on the benthic macrofauna and to predict macrofaunal changes following remediation at a Superfund (uncontrolled hazardous waste) site in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. DDT and its metabolites (ΣDDT) were the contaminants of concern. With few small-scale exceptions, all (>100) other sediment contaminants ever measured at the site were present at background or non-toxic levels. In hierarchical regressions [Y=f(X1, X2, X3), where X1=sediment %silt + clay, X2=sediment total organic carbon (OC), and X3=log10 (ΣDDT μg g−1 OC)] with data from samples collected at the study site, log10(ΣDDT μg g−1 OC) explained a highly significant amount of the variance in the infaunal index (II ) and log10(number of Amphipoda excluding Grandidierella japonica + 1) after statistically controlling for the potential effects of sediment %silt + clay and OC. The ratios of change of II and log10(number of Amphipoda excluding G. japonica + 1) with respect to log10(ΣDDT μg g−1 OC) were about −9:1 and −0.4:1, respectively. Most of the 92 species collected were present at low to moderate densities over the entire range of ΣDDT sediment concentrations. The bivalve Theora lubrica, tubificids, most polychaetes, a tanaid (Zeuxo normani), and an amphipod (G. japonica), were common, while four other amphipods (Ampelisca abdita, Corophium heteroceratum, Photis brevipes, Dulichia rhabdoplastis), a phoronid (Phoronis cf. pallida), a bivalve (Cryptomya californica), and a cumacean (Eudorella pacifica), were rare or absent from sites with high ΣDDT sediment-concentrations.
A five-year cure of rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate in childhood

Abstract A single therapeutic success against rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate in childhood seems worthy of recording since, with one exception, 1 all efforts have heretofore failed. 2–6 The principles and technics employed might point the way to further successes. In the case of the one previous cure, 1 the neoplasm was limited within the true prostatic capsule, whereas in the present example three areas of extraprostatic extension were demonstrated.
On the Wear Measurement and Calculation in Ball on Disc Test

The pin on disc test configuration is widely used in laboratory friction and wear testing of materials. The variant configuration ball on disc offer an advantage of the ball being self-aligned with respect to disc. Also, usage of ball allows for higher accuracy of wear measurement compared to ball weight loss evaluation.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Correlation between lipid abnormalities and immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients with stable renal function

Hyperlipidemia following successful renal transplantation is a frequent and persistent complication. Several immunosuppressive agents including cyclosporine A (CyA), corticosteroids, and tacrolimus appear to have a significant pathogenetic role. The aim of this study is to investigate the differential effects of different immunosuppressive agents on lipids in renal transplant patients. Two groups of renal transplant recipients, each treated with a different combination of immunosuppressive agents, were studied: Group A (n = 13), cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), steroids, and basiliximab; Group B (n = 13), tacrolimus, MMF, steroids, and daclizumab). Plasma lipids [cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-CHOL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CHOL, and triglycerides (TG)] were examined before transplantation and 1 and 6 months posttransplantation. The patients treated with cyclosporine A-MMF showed a significant increase in mean cholesterol and mean LDL-cholesterol values at the 1-month posttransplantation follow-up compared with pretransplant levels (CHOL: 208.9 ± 47.4 vs. 268.7 ± 42.2 mg/dl, P = 0.004; LDL: 118.4 ± 49.9 vs. 198.7 ± 40.7 mg/dl, P = 0.002; pretransplant vs. 1 month, respectively). At 6 months, LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly elevated compared with pretransplant levels (LDL: 118.4 ± 49.9 vs. 148.3 ± 48.5 mg/dl, P = 0.034), whereas there was no significant change in the cholesterol level during the same period. In cyclosporine A-MMF-treated patients, plasma triglyceride levels were reduced at the 1- and 6-month follow-up (TG: 293.9 ± 59.2 vs. 182.9 ± 48.7 mg/dl, P = 0.03; 293.9 ± 59.2 vs. 178.6 ± 74.2 mg/dl, P = 0.023; pretransplant vs. 1 and 6 months, respectively). Patients receiving combined therapy with tacrolimus-MMF showed no significant changes in LDL-CHOL levels during the trial. Cholesterol levels at 6 months posttransplantation were significantly lower than the pretransplant measurements (CHOL: 182.9 ± 44.4 vs. 162.3 ± 37.2 mg/dl, P = 0.024; pretransplant vs. 6 months ). A significant reduction in triglyceride level was documented at the 1-month follow-up followed by a subsequent decrease within 6 months (TG: 228.5 ± 61.6 vs. 147.6 ± 51.5 mg/dl, P = 0.005; TG: 228.5 ± 61.6 vs. 130.4 ± 54.7 mg/dl, P = 0.011; pretransplant vs. 1 and 6 months, respectively). In posttransplant patients with stable renal function cyclosporine therapy is associated with increased cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. Hyperlipidemia is less pronounced in patients given tacrolimus. Tacrolimus appears to an immunosuppressant agent with fewer and less severe adverse effects on lipid metabolism.
Selecting for nutrient use efficiency within forage grass species: I. Development of a screening system

Abstract One means of achieving increased forage grass production on infertile soils is to select plant genotypes which grow efficiently at low levels of available nutrients. This requires methods to identify variability in individual plant nutrient response from among large populations of plants grown under controlled environmental conditions. A compact, containerized system, partially developed for growing large numbers of forage grass seedlings for use in automatic machine transplanter research, was adapted as the basis for such a screening technique. Three trials were made with 100‐plant samples of a kleingrass‐75 (Panicum coloratum L.) population to test the utility of the system. Results of these trials showed that differences in nutrient use efficiency (= reciprocal of nutrient concentration in the plant tissue, or milligrams dry matter produced per milligram nutrient absorbed) among the grass plants could be effectively identified by using the system in conjunction with laboratory analysis of the ...
Behavioral responses of a native salamander to native and invasive earthworms

Invasive species may positively affect native organisms by providing habitat, serving as prey, or acting as an ecological substitute for a beneficial native species. I examined whether the behavioral responses to invasive earthworms of Plethodon cinereus, a woodland salamander native to eastern North America, were influenced by co-occurrence with native earthworms. Co-occurrence with native earthworms varies throughout North America because earthworms were extirpated from the northern portion of the continent during the Wisconsin Glacial Episode. Non-native earthworms have invaded most of North America, including once-glaciated areas. I compared responses to earthworms by P. cinereus from (1) historically glaciated areas with no co-occurrence (for ~7 ky) with native or invasive earthworms, (2) historically glaciated areas with recent co-occurrence (~10 years) with invasive earthworms, but no historical co-occurrence (for ~7 ky) with native earthworms, or (3) unglaciated areas with recent and historical co-occurrence with invasive and native earthworms. Salamanders from different areas did not differentiate between native (Eisenoides carolinensis or Diplocardia sp.) and invasive earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) as prey or differentiate between their burrows. Salamander burrow use and time to first burrow use were influenced by recent or historical co-occurrence with earthworms, respectively. Salamanders with historical range overlap with native earthworms had shorter latencies to attack and handling times, and were more likely to consume earthworms. As globalization increases the frequency and impact of invasive species in native systems, we should consider the multiple ways in which invasive species interact with native communities and potential geographic variation in the responses of native organisms to invasives.
Giant Pituitary Prolactinoma with Falsely Low Serum Prolactin: The Pitfall of the “High-dose Hook Effect”: Case Report

Objective and importance We present a case of a giant prolactinoma with a falsely low serum prolactin concentration determined by a two-site chemiluminometric assay. Awareness of the possibility of the "high-dose hook effect" in such cases will prevent preoperative misdiagnosis. Clinical presentation A patient with a giant invasive pituitary tumor was found preoperatively to have serum prolactin of 31 ng/ml. Pathological examination of the excised tissue, however, demonstrated strong staining for prolactin. Intervention Serial dilutions of the serum disclosed hyperprolactinemia of 280,000 ng/ml, establishing the presence of the "high-dose hook effect." Treatment with pergolide (Permax; Athena Neurosciences, S. San Francisco, CA) decreased tumor size and lowered serum prolactin by more than 99%. Conclusion A "high-dose hook effect" needs to be suspected in every patient with a giant pituitary adenoma (>3 cm) and normal serum prolactin. Subsequently assaying the diluted serum will reliably disclose this phenomenon and allow correct diagnosis and therapy.
Manufacturing feature determination and extraction—part II: a heuristic approach

Abstract This two-part paper presents two different manufacturing feature extraction approaches and the comparative studies on the two approaches. Part II will focus on presenting a Blank Surface Concave Edge (BSE-CE)-based heuristic approach to feature extraction and comparing the heuristic approach with the optimal volume segmentation approach presented in Part I. An automatic manufacturing feature extraction system has been developed using the BS-CE approach. The output of this system can be fed into a feature recognition module which would be a link with a process planning program. The BS-CE approach attempts to remove as much of the blank material within a given machine setup as possible. Minimizing the number of setups required and manufacturing cost is considered during the BS-CE feature extraction processes. Comparisons between the optimal volume segmentation approach and the BS-CE approach are also given. Details of the implementation of this technique on a commercial cad / cam system (I-DEAS) have also been shown along with sample cases.
Perspective: coordinating paleoclimate research on tropical cyclones with hurricane‐climate theory and modelling

Extending the meteorological record back in time can offer critical data for assessing tropical cyclone-climate links. While paleotempestology, the study of ancient storms, can provide a more realistic view of past ‘worst case scenarios’, future environmental conditions may have no analogues in the paleoclimate record. The primary value in paleotempestology proxy records arises from their ability to quantify climate‐tropical cyclone interactions by sampling tropical cyclone activity during pre-historic periods with a wider range of different climates. New paleotempestology proxies are just beginning to be applied, encouraging new collaboration between the paleo and tropical cyclone dynamics communities. The aim of this paper is to point out some paths toward closer coordination by outlining target needs of the tropical cyclone theory and modelling community and potential contributions of the paleotempestology community. We review recent advances in paleotempestology, summarize the range of types and quality of paleodata generation, and identify future research opportunities for paleotempestology, tropical cyclone dynamics and climate change impacts and attribution communities.
On Bifurcations of Equilibria of Intrinsically Curved, Electrically Charged, Rod-like Structures that Model DNA Molecules in Solution

DNA molecules in the familiar Watson–Crick double helical B form can be treated as though they have rod-like structures obtained by stacking dominoes one on top of another with each rotated by approximately one-tenth of a full turn with respect to its immediate predecessor in the stack. These “dominoes” are called base pairs. A recently developed theory of sequence-dependent DNA elasticity (Coleman, Olson, & Swigon, J. Chem. Phys. 118:7127–7140, 2003) takes into account the observation that the step from one base pair to the next can be one of several distinct types, each having its own mechanical properties that depend on the nucleotide composition of the step. In the present paper, which is based on that theory, emphasis is placed on the fact that, as each base in a base pair is attached to the sugar-phosphate backbone chain of one of the two DNA strands that have come together to form the Watson–Crick structure, and each phosphate group in a backbone chain bears one electronic charge, two such charges are associated with each base pair, which implies that each base pair is subject to not only the elastic forces and moments exerted on it by its neighboring base pairs but also to long range electrostatic forces that, because they are only partially screened out by positively charged counter ions, can render the molecule’s equilibrium configurations sensitive to changes in the concentration c of salt in the medium. When these electrostatic forces are taken into account, the equations of mechanical equilibrium for a DNA molecule with N + 1 base pairs are a system of μN non-linear equations, where μ, the number of kinematical variables describing the relative displacement and orientation of adjacent pairs is in general 6; it reduces to 3 when base-pair steps are assumed to be inextensible and non-shearable. As a consequence of the long-range electrostatic interactions of base pairs, the μN × μN Jacobian matrix of the equations of equilibrium is full. An efficient numerically stable computational scheme is here presented for solving those equations and determining the mechanical stability of the calculated equilibrium configurations. That scheme is employed to compute and analyze bifurcation diagrams in which c is the bifurcation parameter and to show that, for an intrinsically curved molecule, small changes in c can have a strong effect on stable equilibrium configurations. Cases are presented in which several stable configurations occur at a single value of c.
Emission and excitation spectra of thermally diffused ions in PLZT ceramics

Abstract Emission and excitation spectra of undoped lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) and chromium-, iron-, neodymium- and praseodymium-doped samples were recorded at 77 K. The spectral characteristics were analyzed with respect to the effects of the doping atmosphere, types of dopant and dopant concentration. Undoped PLZT ceramic has a visible absorption resulting from an iron impurity. Upon doping with chemically active ions, an increase in the visible light absorptivity is revealed in the excitation spectrum. A large photocurrent is detected at 400–500 nm, correlating with the chemically active iron ions.
Distinguishing Glucuronic from Iduronic Acid in Glycosaminoglycan Tetrasaccharides by Using Electron Detachment Dissociation

Distinguishing the epimers iduronic acid (IdoA) and glucuronic acid (GlcA) has been a long-standing challenge for the mass spectrometry analysis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) oligosaccharides. In this work, electron detachment dissociation (EDD) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry is shown to provide mass spectral features that can distinguish GlcA from IdoA in heparan sulfate (HS) tetrasaccharides. EDD of HS tetrasaccharide dianions produces a radical species that fragments to produce information-rich glycosidic and cross-ring product ions which can be used to determine the sites of acetylation/sulfation. More significantly, EDD of HS tetrasaccharide epimers produces diagnostic product ions that can be used to distinguish IdoA from GlcA. These diagnostic product ions are not observed in the tandem mass spectra obtained by collisionally activated dissociation or infrared multiphoton dissociation of the tetrasaccharides, suggesting a radical-initiated mechanism for their formation....
Ni complexes of redox-active pincers with pendant H-bonding sites as precursors for hydrogen production electrocatalysis

We describe the synthesis and characterization of novel redox-active tridentate pincer ligands with pendant H-bonding sites. The corresponding Ni complexes exhibit complex redox behavior and are active precursors in hydrogen production electrocatalysis, a property potentially relevant to solar-to-fuel conversion. The electrochemistry of the corresponding Zn complexes was investigated to explore ligand participation in the observed redox chemistry.
Computer simulation of flow through a lattice flow-cell model

Abstract For single-phase flow through a network model of a porous medium, we report (1) solutions of the Navier–Stokes equation for the flow, (2) micro-particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) measurements of local flow velocity vectors in the “pores throats” and “pore bodies,” and (3) comparisons of the computed and measured velocity vectors. A “two-dimensional” network of cylindrical pores and parallelepiped connecting throats was constructed and used for the measurements. All pore bodies had the same dimensions, but three-different (square cross-section) pore-throat sizes were randomly distributed throughout the network. An unstructured computational grid for flow through an identical network was developed and used to compute the local pressure gradients and flow vectors for several different (macroscopic) flow rates. Numerical solution results were compared with the experimental data, and good agreement was found. Cross-over from Darcy flow to inertial flow was observed in the computational results, and the permeability and inertia coefficients of the network were estimated. The development of inertial flow was seen as a “two-step” process: (1) recirculation zones appeared in more and more pore bodies as the flow rate was increased, and (2) the strengths of individual recirculation zones increased with flow rate. Because each pore-throat and pore-body dimension is known, in this approach an experimental (and/or computed) local Reynolds number is known for every location in the porous medium at which the velocity has been measured (and/or computed).
Smoking and women’s health

Each year more than 600000 women have deaths associated with cigarette smoking. In addition, cigarette smoking is associated with a wide array of morbidities (such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes). Two hundred million women smoke worldwide, and this number appears to be rising, particularly in developing countries. Obstetrician-gynecologists can play a role in reducing morbidity and mortality from cigarette smoking by educating women about the dangers, advising them not to smoke, and assisting those who do smoke to quit.
Observations of Internal Tides on the Oregon Continental Slope

AbstractA complex superposition of locally forced and shoaling remotely generated semidiurnal internal tides occurs on the Oregon continental slope. Presented here are observations from a zonal line of five profiling moorings deployed across the continental slope from 500 to 3000 m, a 24-h expendable current profiler (XCP) survey, and five 15–48-h lowered ADCP (LADCP)/CTD stations. The 40-day moored deployment spans three spring and two neap tides, during which the proportions of the locally and remotely forced internal tides vary. Baroclinic signals are strong throughout spring and neap tides, with 4–5-day-long bursts of strong cross-slope baroclinic semidiurnal velocity and vertical displacement . Energy fluxes exhibit complex spatial and temporal patterns throughout both tidal periods. During spring tides, local barotropic forcing is strongest and energy flux over the slope is predominantly offshore (westward). During neap tides, shoaling remotely generated internal tides dominate and energy flux is pr...
Current modes of failure in TKA: infection, instability, and stiffness predominate.

Background Historically, polyethylene wear and its sequelae (osteolysis, late instability, aseptic loosening) were common causes for revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Recently, polyethylene manufacturing has become more consistent; furthermore, a clearer understanding of the importance of oxidation on polyethylene performance led to packaging of the polyethylene bearings in an inert environment. This improved the quality and consistency of polyethylene used in TKA, raising the question of whether different failure modes now predominate after TKA.
Surface functionalization of silver nanoparticles: novel applications for insect vector control.

Every day, people and animals contract debilitating and life threatening diseases due to bites from infected flies, ticks, and mosquitoes. The current methods utilized to fight against these diseases are only partially effective or safe for humans and animals. When it comes to insect vector control, a conceptual paradigm shift is urgently needed. This work proposes a novel synthetic scheme to produce a nanoparticle-pesticide core–shell conjugate to be used as an active agent against arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes. As a proof of concept, we conjugated nanosilver to the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin. First, electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the presence of a 15 nm nanosilver core surrounded by deltamethrin. Second, when the conjugate was exposed to mosquitoes for a 24 h bioassay, mortality was observed at 9 × 10–4 M. Silver was detected in the hemolymph of mosquitoes exposed to the conjugate. We concluded that the newly developed nanoconjugate did not inacti...
Performance of a WC Coated Mechanical Seal Prototype With Integral Micro Heat Exchanger

Temperature induced failures are among the most frequent for end face mechanical seals. Recently, a new approach to cooling has been proposed that uses a micro heat exchanger fabricated integrally with the stationary mechanical seal ring. This paper presents experimental results for a WC coated, air-cooled mechanical seal with integral micro heat exchanger in dry-running and water-lubricated conditions at 2400 RPM and various PV values. The micro heat exchanger is a pin fin design and is fabricated from nickel using a modified LIGA process. The heat exchanger has a surface area to volume ratio of 10,500 m2 /m3 and fin pitch of 315 μm. Testing is performed using a thrust washer rotary tribometer. The results show that the micro heat exchanger has the potential to alleviate temperature related failures associated with mechanical seals and, in particular, with seals that use low friction hard coatings.© 2003 ASME
The stability of almond and corn oils for use in parenteral solutions.

Abstract The effect of autoclaving and storage under incubator temperature as well as the anti-oxygenic action of DBPC (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresoI) ana propyl gallate on almond and corn oils was determined by measuring the peroxide value colorimetrically and the acid value volumetrically at intervals of two weeks. Of the oils tested, almond was found to be less stable than corn oil to the action of heat
Graph-based statistical language model for code

n-gram statistical language model has been successfully applied to capture programming patterns to support code completion and suggestion. However, the approaches using n-gram face challenges in capturing the patterns at higher levels of abstraction due to the mismatch between the sequence nature in n-grams and the structure nature of syntax and semantics in source code. This paper presents GraLan, a graph-based statistical language model and its application in code suggestion. GraLan can learn from a source code corpus and compute the appearance probabilities of any graphs given the observed (sub)graphs. We use GraLan to develop an API suggestion engine and an AST-based language model, ASTLan. ASTLan supports the suggestion of the next valid syntactic template and the detection of common syntactic templates. Our empirical evaluation on a large corpus of open-source projects has shown that our engine is more accurate in API code suggestion than the state-of-the-art approaches, and in 75% of the cases, it can correctly suggest the API with only five candidates. ASTLan also has high accuracy in suggesting the next syntactic template and is able to detect many useful and common syntactic templates.
Chain end diffusion in flexible molecules

Starting with the equations of motion for a stiff chain, a projection operator approach is utilized to develop diffusional equations for the dynamics of the end-to-end distance. The diffusion equation resulting has a spatial-dependent diffusion coefficient calculable from equilibrium properties of the chain, and a frequency-dependent part which requires dynamical information. The analysis is applied, in so far as the spatial dependence of D is determined, for three and four bond chains. A critique of this procedure is provided.
Spurious Target Generation Due to Hard Limiting in Pulse Compression Radars

A method is presented to calculate the output of a hard limiter if the input consists of a superposition of three phase-coded signals. A detailed investigation is made of the case where the limiter input signals are phase reversal modulated according to a maximum length linear code. It is shown in this case that a false target signal is generated at the limiter output. The amplitude distribution of the false target signal is investigated along with the distribution of the captured true target signals. A digital computer simulation confirms the theoretically predicted effects.
Andrade, J. (Ed.). (2001). Working memory in perspective. Hove, UK: Psychology Press Ltd. Pp. 352. ISBN 0–415–21198–0. Price 39.95 (Hbk).

(2003). Andrade, J. (Ed.). (2001). Working memory in perspective. Hove, UK: Psychology Press Ltd. Pp. 352. ISBN 0–415–21198–0. Price 39.95 (Hbk). The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 766-768.
Molecular Basis of Cell-Specific Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Airway Epithelium |[bull]| 263

Epithelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in airway function. We have previously shown that the endothelial isoform of NO synthase(NOS), or eNOS, is constitutively expressed in airway epithelium, and that its pulmonary expression is limited solely to airway epithelium and endothelium. The purpose of the present study was to determine the molecular basis of cell-specific eNOS expression in the airway epithelium. The human eNOS promotor fused to a luciferase reporter gene was transfected into NCI-H441 human bronchiolar epithelial cells, which express eNOS constitutively. Transfection of H441 cells with 1624 bp of the promotor sequence 5' to the initiation ATG (-1624) yielded a 19-fold increase in promotor activity relative to transfection with vector alone. Similarly, -1624 yielded a 35-fold increase in promotor activity in pulmonary endothelial cells. However, there was no change in promotor activity with -1624 transfected into CCD-18Lu lung fibroblasts, consistent with cell-specific eNOS expression in airway epithelium and endothelium. There was 6-fold greater promotor activity in the H441 cells, which are of Clara cell origin, compared to the non-Clara cell human airway epithelial lines, BEAS-2B and NHBE. Progressive 5' deletion mutants of the eNOS promotor were then generated to determine the putative regulatory domains underlying cell-specific expression in airway epithelium. Deletion from -1624 to -994, -318, and -279 did not alter basal eNOS promotor activity. However, further deletion from -279 to -248 reduced basal promotor activity by 65%. Promotor activity was completely lost with deletion to -79. These findings suggested that positive regulatory elements reside between -279 and -248 and between -248 and -79. Point mutations of the -1624 promotor revealed that the positive regulatory element between -279 and -248 is the consensus GATA binding motif at -254, and that the positive regulatory element between -248 and -79 is the Sp1 binding motif at -125. We conclude that airway epithelial eNOS is preferentially expressed in Clara cells, and that its cell-specific expression in airway epithelium is mediated by GATA and Sp1 sites in the core eNOS promotor. Further studies of eNOS promotor function in epithelium will enhance our understanding of the regulation of airway NO production.
Pentafluorophenylsulfur(IV) derivatives

Abstract A new series of pentafluorophenylsulfur(IV) derivatives C6F5S(O)X, where X is OLi, OH, Cl, F, OCH3, N(CH3)2, and C6F5, and pentafluorophenylsulfur trifluoride have been prepared. Pentafluorophenylsulfur(II) derivatives are inert to oxidation to sulfur(IV) by normal procedures, but reaction of pentafluorophenyllithium with sulfur dioxide, or silver difluoride oxidative fluorination of the disulfide, provided good synthetic approaches. Chemical reactions and physical properties of these compounds are compared to those of the hydrocarbon sulfur(IV) analogs and of divalent and hexavalent sulfur derivatives, particularly with regard to spectral properties.
Representin': Drawing From Hip-Hop and Urban Youth Culture to Inform Teacher Education

The potential of drawing from urban youth culture, and hip-hop more specifically, to serve as a bridge to the standard curriculum has been well documented. However, the richness and potential benefits of hip-hop are more far-reaching and present significant implications for teacher education and professional development efforts as well. This article draws from several sites including research conducted with a group of urban teachers, urban youth and hip-hop culture, and postmodernism to forward the notion of Representin'—a shared sense of identity and responsibility based on membership in a socially constructed community—as a valuable disposition to be developed by teachers. Using urban youth culture as a “fund of knowledge” in teacher education has the potential to improve teaching practices and positively influence learning opportunities and outcomes for urban youth of color.
Motivating co-ordination of power management solutions in data centers

Power and cooling are emerging to be key challenges in data center environments. A recent IDC report estimated the worldwide spending on enterprise power and cooling to be more than $30 billion and likely to even surpass spending on new server hardware. Server rated power consumptions have increased by nearly 10X over the past ten years. This has led to increased spending on cooling and power delivery equipment. A 30,000 square feet 10MW data center can need up to five million dollars of cooling infrastructure; similarly, power delivery beyond 60 Amps per rack can pose fundamental issues. The increased power also has implications on electricity costs, with many data centers reporting millions of dollars for annual usage. From an environmental point of view, the Department of Energy's 2007 estimate of 59 billion KWhrs spent in U.S. servers and data centers translates to several million tons of coal consumption and greenhouse gas emission per year. The U.S. Congress recently passed Public Law 109-431, directing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to study enterprise energy use, and several industry consortiums such as the GreenGrid have been formed to address these issues. In addition, power and cooling can also impact compaction and reliability.
First-Order Reversal Curve Studies of Magnetization Reversal in Prototype Recording Media

In (Co/Pt)Ru multilayers, a prototype perpendicular media, magnetization reversal is studied using a first order reversal curve (FORC) method.
The etiology of pigment gallstones

Pigment gallstones are of two major types, black and earthy brown, each consisting of calcium salts of bilirubin and other anions, along with an unmeasured residue that is largely mucin glycoproteins. Studies in model systems indicate that the small proportion of unconjugated bilirubin in bile is solubilized by bile salts and that the ionized bilirubin is more soluble than the protonated diacid. Solubility is decreased by added lecithin but is unaffected by cholesterol. At the pH of bile, unconjugated bilirubin exists mainly as a monoanion with sufficient solubility in mixed micelles not to precipitate, were it not for the presence of calcium, which forms highly insoluble salts with unconjugated bilirubin anions. Supersaturation of bile with calcium bilirubinates is inhibited by bile salts, which bind calcium, reducing the activity of free calcium ions. When supersaturation occurs, usually due to increased concentrations of bilirubinate anion, nucleation may be initiated by binding of calcium bilirubinate to mucin glycoproteins in bile. In earthy brown stones, which form mainly in the bile ducts, the pigment is mostly calcium bilirubinate, combined with calcium palmitate. These components form due to hydrolysis, by enzymes in infecting bacteria, of conjugated bilirubin and lecithin, respectively. In black stones, which form mainly in the gallbladder, the pigment is mostly a highly cross-linked network polymer of bilirubin, which is insoluble in all solvents. Concomitant polymerization and oxidation of calcium bilirubinate probably occur in the solid state, after precipitation of the pigment due to hydrolysis of conjugated bilirubin by endogenous beta-glucuronidase from the biliary tract and/or liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)