cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Curious Case of the Post-9-11 Boost in Government Job Satisfaction:

Government job satisfaction has been shown to reflect individual, job and organizational characteristics, but important national crises or events that dramatically alter the image of public service in society and the meaning of work in the public sector may also play a role. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, are an important example, yet it is not known how the attacks and their aftermath may have influenced the everyday job satisfaction of government workers in the United States. Using a difference-in-difference regression strategy and data from the General Social Survey, this study compares change in job satisfaction of government workers to that of private sector workers before and after the attacks. The findings indicate that 9-11 may have boosted government job satisfaction 5 to 10 percentage points, representing 1 to 2 million additional satisfied government workers in the United States. Thus important national crises may causally influence government job satisfaction in nontrivial ways.
COLLECTIVE ASPECTS OF BREMSSTRAHLUNG EMISSION AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN A PLASMA

Abstract The Bremsstrahlung spectrum and the ac electrical conductivity of a plasma is calculated, by classical methods, from a model in which the electrons interact with the plasma as a whole, and not with individual particles. The Fourier expansion of the particle density is employed for calculating the time dependent electrical field at the position of a moving electron, and the Fourier coefficients of the electrical field are used for calculating the Bremsstrahlung emission and the conductivity. The method clearly exhibits the relation between these two quantities, and gives a fairly rigorous expression for the “cutoff” parameter pmax as a function of the Debye shielding length, the electron mean free path, and the frequency of the electrical field.
On reusing linkage designs

A representation for design cases and a method for indexing known cases to ease their retrieval, given the specification of a new problem, are presented. Each description includes structural and performance characteristics. Methods to retrieve known cases, to match them to often incomplete problem specifications, and to adapt them to solve the problem are devised. >
Synchronously pumped gigahertz modulated optical parametric oscillator

We report parametric generation of gigahertz modulated pulses in the visible and near infrared by use of a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) pumped with the second harmonic of a modulated Nd:YAG laser at 0.532 μm. We modulated the pump laser by splitting the beam into two, shifting the frequency of one beam by focusing it into a stimulated Brillouin scattering cell, and then heterodyning the shifted and the unshifted beams. The resultant amplitude-modulated pulse was then doubled in a KD*P crystal. The OPO output pulse maintains the modulation depth of the pump pulse if the cavity length is close to an integer multiple of the pulse-to-pulse separation. Overall performance was characterized by use of a simple linear confguration over a wide range of input energies to yield signal efficiencies of greater than 10% in the 0.69–0.71-μm range.
Virtual path routing for survivable ATM networks

The advent of high-capacity optical fiber has increased the impact of a network failure in high-speed networks since a large volume of data can be lost even in a short outage. Self-healing algorithms have previosly been proposed to achieve fast restoration from a failure, but their success greatly depends on how traffic is distributed and how spare capacity is dimensioned over the network when a failure happens. Thus, in order to offer better network survivability, it is crucial that a network manager realizes a restorable traffic assignment in response to changing traffic demand and facility network configuration. The authors address the problem of virtual path routing for survivable asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. An algorithm is developed to find a virtual path configuration and bandwidth assignment that minimizes the expected amount of lost flow upon restoration from a network failure. The concept of two-step restoration is introduced to achieve fast restoration as well as optimal reconfiguration. The problem can be formulated as a nonlinear, nonsmooth multicommodity flow problem with linear constraints. A modified flow deviation method is developed to obtain a near-optimal solution, where premature convergence to a nonsmooth point could be avoided by adjusting an optimization parameter. The result of the performance evaluation indicates that the proposed routing scheme can detect the links that are vulnerable to a failure under the current traffic demand pattern and adjust a flow so as to improve the network survivability level.
“Shaking It Off” and “Toughing It Out” Socialization to Pain and Injury in Girls’ Softball

Ignoring injuries and playing through pain are expected in organized sports. But how do novice athletes learn these social norms? Using participant-observation research focusing on adolescent girls who participated in recreational softball, this study reveals how the clash of norms between traditional femininity and the sport ethic sheds light on the socialization process. In addition to shaking off their own injuries, coaches ignored the girls’ complaints, made jokes when the girls experienced some pain, and told them directly to shake off their minor injuries. Even though many of the girls entered the activity with traditionally feminine attitudes toward pain, most conformed to the norms of the sport ethic and learned to deal with pain and injuries by “shaking them off” and “toughing them out.” Those girls who were more enthusiastic about playing softball and who displayed stronger commitments to the softball-player identity were more likely to display these norms.
Andy Sessler: The Full Life of an Accelerator Physicist

This article describes the distinguished career of Andrew M. Sessler, the visionary former director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), one of the most influential accelerator physicists, and a strong, dedicated human-rights activist. Andy died on 17 April 2014 from cancer at age 85. He grew up in New York City, and attended Harvard (BA in Mathematics, 1949) and then Columbia (PhD in Physics, 1953.) After an NSF postdoc at Cornell with Hans Bethe and a stint on the faculty at the Ohio State University in 1954–59, he joined the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (now LBNL) in 1959, and spent the remainder of his career there. Although Andy left his mark on several areas of physics, including nuclear structure theory, elementary-particle physics, and many-body problems, his lasting and most important contributions came from his efforts in accelerator physics and engineering, to which he devoted most of his life's work. In collaboration with his colleagues of the legendary Midwestern Universities Research Association, he developed theories for the RF acceleration process and the collective instability phenomena, helping to realize the colliding-beam accelerators with which most of the high-energy-physics discoveries of the last few decades have been made. His work in connection with the free-electron-laser (FEL) amplifier for high-power microwave generation constructed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory anticipated the optical-guiding and the self-amplified spontaneous-emission principles, upon which the success of the X-ray FELs as the fourth-generation light sources is based. Throughout his career Andy made major contributions to issues related to the impact of science and technology on society. He helped usher in a new era of research on energy efficiency and sustainable-energy technology and was instrumental in building the research agendas in those areas for the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and later the Department of Energy. With a lifelong interest in promoting the human rights of scientists, Andy was instrumental in initiating the American Physical Society's Committee on International Freedom of Scientists and in raising funds to endow the APS Andrei Sakharov Prize. He and Moishe Pripstein cofounded Scientists for Sakharov, Orlov, and Sharansky; the group's protests along with those of other groups led to the release of the three Soviet dissidents. More importantly, Andy's voice and example became a major force in helping call the world's attention to the plight of scientists trapped in places where their human rights and their ability to do science were severely compromised. Andy received many honors, including the AEC's Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award in 1970, the APS's Dwight Nicholson Medal in 1994, and the Enrico Fermi Award from the US Department of Energy in 2014.
The Army Dietetic Mentorship Program: Making the Most Out of Mentoring

Text: Mentoring is a passionate subject in academia, business, and the military. Benefits include: increased employee retention, improved productivity, and professional development. The Army’s operational tempo makes it difficult for leaders to find time for mentoring. Educators in the U.S. Military Dietetic Internship Consortium received feedback indicating the need for dietitian mentorship, which led to a formal survey of program graduates to determine mentoring needs. Survey results suggested that new graduates did not always receive guidance on expectations, duty performance, military professionalism, and career planning. A oneyear “structured mentoring” initiative was developed. Mentors and mentees were matched based on a needs assessment, and mentors were provided information to discuss during monthly sessions. Program goals were to facilitate the transition from dietetic intern to staff member; provide continual military orientation; improve job satisfaction; develop technical and leadership skills; and introduce mentoring benefits. To evaluate effectiveness, an end of program survey was completed by each group using a five-point Likert-type scale to elicit responses to items related to program structure, mentoring relationship and benefits. Response rate was 88% and results indicate that the program structure and matching process worked well, and program goals were achieved. Unexpected mentee beneficial outcomes included completion of a research protocol, selection for promotion, advanced specialty certification, and enrollment into a MS program. Due to this success, senior leadership expanded the program to include all new fully-credentialed Army dietitians. This effective mentoring program is now a key to Army dietitians acclimating to their role as military officers and dietitians.
Analysis of a Location-Based Social Network

Location-based Social Networks (LSNs) allow users to see where their friends are, to search location-tagged contentwithin their social graph, and to meet others nearby. The recent availability of open mobile platforms, such as Apple iPhones and Google Android phones, makes LSNs much more accessible to mobile users.To study how users share their location in real world, wecollected traces from a commercial LSN service operated by astartup company. In this paper, we present results of data analysis over user profiles, update activities, mobility characteristics, social graphs, and attribute correlations. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first large-scale quantitative analysis of a real-world commercial LSN service.
Sleep-mode amplifier

A novel technique for designing micropower operational amplifiers is described. An amplifier that operates in two separate states-sleep-mode and awake mode-is presented. Although the amplifier draws only 40 mu A of drain current while operating in the sleep-mode, it is able to drive 50 mA of output current when it transitions to the awake-mode. Transition between the two states is automatic, depending on the output current driving requirement. >
The kinetics of flow‐induced crystallization from solution

The flow-induced crystallization kinetics in a tubular flow geometry of 0.01 wt% solutions of a polyethylene fraction in xylene has been determined as a function of temperature and flow rate. Orientational properties of the crystallized fibers do not show a clear correlation with growth conditions (i.e., temperature and flow rate). The kinetic data are analyzed in terms of a modified form of the Avrami equation which provides a basis for separately correlating temperature and flow rate effects. The observed temperature dependency of the crystallization process can be interpreted in terms of nucleation and growth models while the flow rate dependency can be interpreted on the basis of entanglement formation arguments
Wind Resource Estimation—An Overview

This article gives an overview of the different ways the wind resource at a site can be estimated. Eight separate ways have been identified. Each of these will be described in some detail, and advantages and disadvantages of each of them will be discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opportunistic validation of sulfur dioxide in the Sarychev Peak volcanic eruption cloud

Abstract. We report attempted validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) sulfur dioxide (SO2) retrievals in the stratospheric volcanic cloud from Sarychev Peak (Kurile Islands) in June 2009, through opportunistic deployment of a ground-based ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer (FLYSPEC) as the volcanic cloud drifted over central Alaska. The volcanic cloud altitude (~12–14 km) was constrained using coincident CALIPSO lidar observations. By invoking some assumptions about the spatial distribution of SO2, we derive averages of FLYSPEC vertical SO2 columns for comparison with OMI SO2 measurements. Despite limited data, we find minimum OMI-FLYSPEC differences within measurement uncertainties, which support the validity of the operational OMI SO2 algorithm. However, our analysis also highlights the challenges involved in comparing datasets representing markedly different spatial and temporal scales. This effort represents the first attempt to validate SO2 in a stratospheric volcanic cloud using a mobile ground-based instrument, and demonstrates the need for a network of rapidly deployable instruments for validation of space-based volcanic SO2 measurements.
An Alum-Based Water Treatment Residual Can Reduce Extractable Phosphorus Concentrations in Three Phosphorus-Enriched Coastal Plain Soils

The accumulation of excess soil phosphorus (P) in watersheds under intensive animal production has been linked to increases in dissolved P concentrations in rivers and streams draining these watersheds. Reductions in water dissolved P concentrations through very strong P sorption reactions may be obtainable after land application of alum-based drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs). Our objectives were to (i) evaluate the ability of an alum-based WTR to reduce Mehlich-3 phosphorus (M3P) and water-soluble phosphorus (WSP) concentrations in three P-enriched Coastal Plain soils, (ii) estimate WTR application rates necessary to lower soil M3P levels to a target 150 mg kg(-1) soil M3P concentration threshold level, and (iii) determine the effects on soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Three soils containing elevated M3P (145-371 mg kg(-1)) and WSP (12.3-23.5 mg kg(-1)) concentrations were laboratory incubated with between 0 and 6% WTR (w w(-1)) for 84 d. Incorporation of WTR into the three soils caused a near linear and significant reduction in soil M3P and WSP concentrations. In two soils, 6% WTR application caused a soil M3P concentration decrease to below the soil P threshold level. An additional incubation on the third soil using higher WTR to soil treatments (10-15%) was required to reduce the mean soil M3P concentration to 178 mg kg(-1). After incubation, most treatments had less than a half pH unit decline and a slight increase in soil EC values suggesting a minimal impact on soil quality properties. The results showed that WTR incorporation into soils with high P concentrations caused larger relative reductions in extractable WSP than M3P concentrations. The larger relative reductions in the extractable WSP fraction suggest that WTR can be more effective at reducing potential runoff P losses than usage as an amendment to lower M3P concentrations.
Tensile Behavior of Twisted Hybrid Fibrous Structures Part I : Theoretical Investigation

The energy method based on the first law of thermodynamics is employed to predict the whole range of stress-strain behavior of twisted hybrid fibrous structures. The model blend yams considered are...
Facilitating Healthcare Ethics Research: Assessement of Moral Reasoning and Moral Orientation from a Single Interview

In recent years, the theoretical work of Gilligan in women's psychological development has led to the development of the concept of moral orientation or moral voice in contrast to the concept of moral reasoning or moral judgment developed by Kohlberg. These concepts have been of particular interest in gender studies, especially as applied to adolescence. These concepts of moral orientation and moral reasoning are being increasingly employed in healthcare ethics studies in a wide variety of settings. The recent work has included studies of physicians, nurses, dentists, veterinarians, social workers, teachers of medical ethics, and hospital ethics committees. However, the study of moral development in healthcare providers has been hampered because collecting the necessary data from healthcare workers has been labor intensive and extremely time consuming. More efficient methods are needed.
High Pressure Synchrotron Diffraction of KCa2Nb3O10, a Layered Perovskite Compound

High pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments were conducted on KCa2Nb3O10, to determine lattice constants as a function of pressure. A diamond anvil cell was used to produce pressures up to 66 GPa. A phase transition occurred at 13.5 GPa. From the lattice constants, linear compressibilities of 8.55 × 10-4 GPa-1 in the a direction, -9.40 × 10-4 GPa-1 in the b direction, and 142 × 10-4 GPa-1 in the c direction, and a bulk modulus of 68.5 GPa were found for the lower pressure orthorhombic phase.
Cloud and aerosol multiple scattering effects for the GLAS atmospheric and surface measurements

Multiple scattering by clouds and aerosol is a significant factor for space borne laser radar measurements. Principally forward scattering within the receiver field of view increases the observed signal magnitude and causes pulse stretching. For the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System, multiple scattering effects both the retrieval of the optical properties of clouds and aerosol and the surface altitude measurements. The effects have been modeled by Monte Carlo and analytic methods. The results are summarized and approaches to errors associated with multiple scattering are presented.
Tracing the Origins of Success: Implications for Successful Aging

Purpose of the Study: This paper addresses the debate about the use of the term “successful aging” from a humanistic, rather than behavioral, perspective. It attempts to uncover what success, a term frequently associated with aging, is: how can it be defined and when did it first come into use? In this paper, we draw from a number of humanistic perspectives, including the historical and linguistic, in order to explore the evolution of the term “success.” We believe that words and concepts have deep implications for how concepts (such as aging) are culturally and historically perceived. Design and Methods: W e take a comparative approach, turning to the etymological roots of this term in British, French, and German literature. According to the earliest entries of the term in the Oxford English Dictionary, events can have good or bad success. Another definition marks success as outcome oriented. Results: Of ten used in the context of war, religion, and medicine, the neutral, but often negative, use of “success” in literature of the Renaissance demonstrates the tensions that surround the word, and suggests that success is something to be approached carefully. Implications: Ignoring the ambiguous origins of success erases the fact that aging in earlier centuries ec hoes much of the same ambivalence with which many people discuss it today. Attending to the origins of success can help gerontologists understand the humanistic tradition behind their inquiry into what successful aging means today.
Some lessons from the Modelling of the Spanish Rice Market

Spanish accession to the European Comminity (EC) will lead to many changes in Spain's agricultural sector. Predicting the nature of these changes is difficult because the new policy regime differs significantly from historic Spanish policies. In this paper, conventional econometric models of the Spanish rice sector are constrated with a model designed specifically to reflect the pervasive impact of Spanish rice policies. This policy model predicts the historical evolution of production, consumption and trade more accurately than the conventional models. However, the policy model cannot be used to predict the impact of the radical policy changes in Spain resulting from the introduction of the EC rice regime because the historical relationships no longer hold. It is argued that alternative approaches relying more on institutional analysis and expert opinion need to be developed to understand the future of the Spanish rice sector.
Assessment of the Broadleaf Crops Leaf Area Index Product from the Terra MODIS Instrument

The first significant processing of Terra MODIS data, called Collection 3, covered the period from November 2000 to December 2002. The Collection 3 leaf area index (LAI) and fraction vegetation absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) products for broadleaf crops exhibited three anomalies (a) high LAI values during the peak growing season, (b) differences in LAI seasonality between the radiative transfer-based main algorithm and the vegetation index based back-up algorithm, and (c) too few retrievals from the main algorithm during the summer period when the crops are at full flush. The cause of these anomalies is a mismatch between reflectances modeled by the algorithm and MODIS measurements. Therefore, the Look-Up-Tables accompanying the algorithm were revised and implemented in Collection 4 processing. The main algorithm with the revised Look-Up-Tables generated retrievals for over 80% of the pixels with valid data. Retrievals from the back-up algorithm, although few, should be used with caution as they are generated from surface reflectances with high uncertainties.
Crime, punishment, and the American criminal justice system.

When the law gets something wrong, it can do so in a way that adversely affects many lives, often profoundly. Specifically, to society's great detriment, the corrections arm of the American criminal justice system appears to have the distribution and administration of punishment exactly backward. We
A Drosophila Tpr protein homolog is localized both in the extrachromosomal channel network and to nuclear pore complexes.

Here we report structural, molecular, and biochemical characterizations of Bx34, a Drosophila melanogaster nuclear coiled-coil protein which is localized to extrachromosomal and extranucleolar spaces in the nuclear interior and which is homologous to the mammalian nuclear pore complex protein Tpr. In the nuclear interior, Bx34 is excluded from chromosomes and the nucleolus and generally localizes to regions between these structures and the nuclear periphery. This distribution matches the ‘extrachromosomal channel network’ described previously. In the nuclear periphery, Bx34 localizes on or near nuclear pore complexes. Biochemically, Bx34 isolates exclusively with the nuclear matrix fraction. The Bx34 cDNA sequence predicts a large protein (262 kDa) with two distinct structural domains. The Bx34 N-terminal 70% (180 kDa) is predicted to form an extended region of coiled-coil, while the C-terminal 30% (82 kDa) is predicted to be unstructured and acidic. Bx34 shows moderate sequence identity over its entire length to the mammalian nuclear pore complex protein ‘Tpr’ (28% amino acid identity and 50% similarity). Furthermore, several of the sequence motifs and biochemical similarities between Bx34 and Tpr are sufficiently striking that it is likely that Bx34 and Tpr are functionally related. The Bx34 gene exists in a single copy in region 48C of chromosome 2R. The localization of coiledcoil Bx34 to both the nuclear interior and nuclear pore complexes and its sequence similarity to a known nuclear pore complex protein leads to speculations about a role for Bx34 in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport which we can test using molecular genetic approaches. SUMMARY
A versatile mass spectrometry-based method to both identify kinase client-relationships and characterize signaling network topology.

While more than a thousand protein kinases (PK) have been identified in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, relatively little progress has been made toward identify- ing their individual client proteins. Herein we describe the use of a mass spectrometry-based in vitro phosphorylation strategy, termed Kinase Client assay (KiC assay), to study a targeted- aspect of signaling. A synthetic peptide library comprising 377 in vivo phosphorylation sequences from developing seed was screened using 71 recombinant A. thaliana PK. Among the initial results, we identified 23 proteins as putative clients of 17 PK. In one instance protein phosphatase inhibitor-2 (AtPPI-2) was phosphorylated at multiple- sites by three distinct PK, casein kinase1-like 10, AME3, and a Ser PK-like protein. To confirm this result, full-length recombinant AtPPI-2 was reconstituted with each of these PK. The results confirmed multiple distinct phosphorylation sites within this protein. Biochemical analyses indicate that AtPPI-2 inhibits type 1 protein phosphatase (TOPP) activity, and that the phosphorylated forms of AtPPI-2 are more potent inhibitors. Structural modeling revealed that phosphorylation of AtPPI-2 induces conformational changes that modulate TOPP binding.
Electrochemistry in the Electrochemical Cells: There is More than Just the Working Electrode

The tacit assumption in an electrochemical experiment is that a properly set up electrochemical cell, working electrode, counter electrode, reference electrode and a potentiostat, will perform an experiment by "applying potential on the working electrode" without any need to consider the properties of the reference electrodes, the effect of electrochemistry on the counter electrode and the real properties of the potentiostat. While this is in first approximation a valid assumption, in the extremes it is also necessary to consider the other parts of the system. In this work we visit two interesting cases that may lead to experimental artifacts. The first is the effect of electrochemical solution changes during impedance measurement. The second is effect of the time constant of a reference electrode on an impedance measurement in an electrochemical cell.
Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Misplaced Concreteness and Disguised Politics

Economists have used the notion of equilibrium in a variety of contexts and for a variety of purposes; in proceeding from one topic to another some have failed to note transformations in the use made of it and in the meanings read into the term. Not a few who have sensed incongruities, fallacies or outright misuse turned against all “equilibrium economics,” heaping abuse on any type of analysis that employed the notion. The most literal use of equilibrium or disequilibrium in the sense of equal or unequal weights on the two arms of a scale, without any analytical, explicatory, predictive or evaluative connotation, occurs only in connection with practically measurable quantities, such as income and expenditure in a budget, exports and imports in a trade balance, trade items and long-term capital transfers in a balance of payments.
Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Follicular Lymphoma in the Era of Rutiximab: Cleveland Clinic Experience

Background: The role of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in follicular lymphoma (FL) in the rituximab era remains undefined. Although ASCT has demonstrated to improve outcomes in relapsed/refractory (R/R) FL, there are very few studies addressing this issue in patients who had prior exposure to rituximab. Our aim was thus to assess the outcome of ASCT in FL patients in the modern era. Methods and Patients: We conducted a single center retrospective analysis of patients who underwent ASCT for follicular lymphoma at the Cleveland Clinic. Patient and disease characteristics were examined and prognostic factors for survival were determined using univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. Results: Total of 127 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of FL underwent ASCT at our institution between March 2000 and October 2013. Study population was predominantly male (61%) and Caucasian (92%). Median age at transplant was 55 years. Majority of the patients had FL grade of 1-2 (88%), International Prognostic Index (IPI) 0-2 (81%), and stage IV disease (60%) at the time of diagnosis. All, but 9 patients (93%) received rituximab as part of their prior treatment and 53% had received ³3 prior therapies. Disease status prior to transplant was 1st partial response (PR1) (9%), 2nd complete remission (CR2) (24%), 2nd PR (PR2) (60%), and R/R (8%); no patients received transplant in the 1st CR (CR1). An uniform preparative regimen consisting of Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide and Etoposide (Bu/Cy/VP16) was used in all patients. Median CD34+ cell dose was 7.49 x 106/kg. Median days to neutrophil engraftment were 10 days and platelet engraftment was 14 days. In our cohort, 10-year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 33.2% and 52.4% respectively. Disease relapsed in 58/127 (46%) of the patients and 67% were alive at the time of last follow up. Age at transplant ([Figure 1][1]) and number of prior therapies, >3 vs 1-3 ([Figure 2][2]) were significant prognostic factors for OS, in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Higher age (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.23-2.52, p=0.002) and >3 prior therapies (HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.31-5.12, p=0.006) were predictive for inferior OS. Disease status at transplant, IPI, and stage had no impact on survival. Disease relapse (67%) and secondary malignancies (7.1%) were the leading causes of death. Conclusions: In our analysis, a durable PFS, median of 49 months, was observed in patients with R/R FL who underwent an ASCT in the rituximab era. Age at transplant and number of prior therapies were identified as poor prognostic factors for OS. These data suggest that ASCT should be considered in young patients with R/R FL early in their disease course. ![Figure 1][3] Figure 1 ![Figure 2][3] Figure 2 Disclosures Hill: Millenium: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. [1]: #F1 [2]: #F2 [3]: pending:yes
A Scholarly Biography

Bruce Russett’s work has made an impact on the study of international relations. The broad scope of this work, as well as points developed in the biographical material of the Preface, begin to underscore why his contributions to the study of international relations cannot be easily characterized or pigeonholed.
The American Dream in the Great Depression

In 1931 James Truslow Adams first memorialized the phrase “American dream” in print in his book The Epic of America. The Lynds, having studied Middletown first in the mid-1920s, returned to re-examine the community in 1935. At about the same time, in Newburyport, MA, W. Lloyd Warner and his colleagues investigated the effects of class on how Americans live and think about their lives. As the Depression began to lift, Robert Merton theorized about the impact of the success ethic on American society in his elegant essay, “Social Structure and Anomie.” As Merton realized, the American Dream inspired both energetic achievement efforts and, contradictorily, the desire to obtain monetary success by any means necessary. The Depression tested the tenets of the American Dream for many Americans, as Studs Terkel found out in Hard Times; but his interviews also demolish the simple equation that some would attribute to the Dream.
Challenges in Medical Education: Training Physicians to Work Collaboratively

In an ideal setting, generalists and specialists collaborate to provide quality care to individual patients and patient populations covered by a variety of health care plans. To accomplish this, generalists and specialists must each understand the other's domain and area of expertise. In many managed care settings, generalists must expand competencies. In turn, specialists must understand the extent of care generalists can provide.1 Skills required for both groups include incorporating population-based, cost-effective, and evidence-based medicine into daily practice.2–4 Specialists and generalists must be able to communicate in an efficient and timely manner to optimize consultations between physicians. The referring physician should specify the question and provide essential information to the consultant, while the consulting physician should address the question and participate in monitoring the patient's care to ensure appropriate treatment.2, 3, 5–9 Generalists and specialists collaborate in the care of patients with the most complex problems. Ideally, generalists and specialists would develop consistent referral paths, and be located near one another to permit personal professional relationships. Respect, trust, and the ability to work as part of a team are the foundations for this relationship.2, 3, 9
Novel Algorithms for the Prophylaxis and Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndromes–Beyond Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepine (BZDP) agents are the standard for the prophylaxis and treatment of all phases of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. However, BZDPs have their drawbacks: cognitive impairment, significant neurologic and medical side effects. There are data suggesting that the alcohol recidivism rate and abuse potential is higher for BZDPs treated patients, compared to alternatives. Clinical and research data demonstrate the efficacy and safety of various pharmacologic alternatives to benzodiazepines for the prevention and management of AWS. This article examines the available published evidence regarding the use of non-BZDP agents compared with conventional treatment modalities. The author's BZDP-sparing protocol is highlighted.
Previable Preeclampsia Diagnosed by Renal Biopsy in Setting of Novel Diagnosis of C4 Glomerulopathy

Background. Preeclampsia diagnosed before 20 weeks’ gestational age is a rare entity, particularly without any predisposing factors. We report a case of preeclampsia occurring prior to 20 weeks’ gestational age in the setting of a novel diagnosis of C4 glomerulopathy. Case. A G3P0020 at 18 weeks presented with new onset hypertension and proteinuria, requiring multiple antihypertensive agents to maintain control. Renal biopsy demonstrated thrombotic microangiopathic lesions and glomerular endotheliosis. C4-dominant staining and numerous subendothelial and mesangial electron dense deposits were found within the glomerulus. With no other definable etiologies, preeclampsia was diagnosed. She developed posterior reversible encephalopathic syndrome and pregnancy termination was recommended. Conclusion. The lectin complement pathway may play a role in the pathophysiology of severe, early onset preeclampsia. Renal biopsy may play an integral role in diagnosis.
Abstract 3769: Stem cell-engineered invariant natural killer T cells for cancer therapy

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells comprise a small population of αβ T lymphocytes. They bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems and mediate strong and rapid responses to many diseases, including cancer, infections, allergies and autoimmunity. However, the study of iNKT cell biology and the therapeutic applications of these cells are greatly limited by their small numbers in vivo (~0.01-1% in mouse and human blood). Here, we report a new method to generate large numbers of iNKT cells in mice through T cell receptor (TCR) gene engineering of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We showed that iNKT TCR-engineered HSCs could generate a clonal population of iNKT cells. These HSC-engineered iNKT cells displayed the typical iNKT cell phenotype and functionality. They followed a two-stage developmental path, first in thymus and then in the periphery, resembling that of endogenous iNKT cells. When tested in a mouse melanoma lung metastasis model, the HSC-engineered iNKT cells effectively protected mice from tumor metastasis. This method provides a powerful and high-throughput tool to investigate the in vivo development and functionality of clonal iNKT cells in mice. More importantly, this method takes advantage of the self-renewal and longevity of HSCs to generate a long-term supply of engineered iNKT cells, thus opening up a new avenue for iNKT cell-based immunotherapy. Citation Format: Lili Yang, Drake Smith, Siyuan Liu, Sunjong Ji, Bo Liu. Stem cell-engineered invariant natural killer T cells for cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3769. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3769
Computing eddy-driven effective diffusivity using Lagrangian particles

Abstract A novel method to derive effective diffusivity from Lagrangian particle trajectory data sets is developed and then analyzed relative to particle-derived meridional diffusivity for eddy-driven mixing in an idealized circumpolar current. Quantitative standard dispersion- and transport-based mixing diagnostics are defined, compared and contrasted to motivate the computation and use of effective diffusivity derived from Lagrangian particles. The effective diffusivity is computed by first performing scalar transport on Lagrangian control areas using stored trajectories computed from online Lagrangian In-situ Global High-performance particle Tracking (LIGHT) using the Model for Prediction Across Scales Ocean (MPAS-O). The Lagrangian scalar transport scheme is compared against an Eulerian scalar transport scheme. Spatially-variable effective diffusivities are computed from resulting time-varying cumulative concentrations that vary as a function of cumulative area. The transport-based Eulerian and Lagrangian effective diffusivity diagnostics are found to be qualitatively consistent with the dispersion-based diffusivity. All diffusivity estimates show a region of increased subsurface diffusivity within the core of an idealized circumpolar current and results are within a factor of two of each other. The Eulerian and Lagrangian effective diffusivities are most similar; smaller and more spatially diffused values are obtained with the dispersion-based diffusivity computed with particle clusters.
Heller myotomy versus Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication for achalasia: long-term symptomatic follow-up of a prospective randomized controlled trial

Our prior randomized controlled trial of Heller myotomy alone versus Heller plus Dor fundoplication for achalasia from 2000 to 2004 demonstrated comparable postoperative resolution of dysphagia but less gastroesophageal reflux after Heller plus Dor. Patient-reported outcomes are needed to determine whether the findings are sustained long-term. We actively engaged participants from the prior randomized cohort, making up to six contact attempts per person using telephone, mail, and electronic messaging. We collected patient-reported measures of dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux using the Dysphagia Score and the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) instrument. Patient-reported re-interventions for dysphagia were verified by obtaining longitudinal medical records. Among living participants, 27/41 (66%) were contacted and all completed the follow-up study at a mean of 11.8 years postoperatively. Median Dysphagia Scores and GERD-HRQL scores were slightly worse for Heller than Heller plus Dor but were not statistically different (6 vs 3, p = 0.08 for dysphagia, 15 vs 13, p = 0.25 for reflux). Five patients in the Heller group and 6 in Heller plus Dor underwent re-intervention for dysphagia with most occurring more than five years postoperatively. One patient in each group underwent redo Heller myotomy and subsequent esophagectomy. Nearly all patients (96%) would undergo operation again. Long-term patient-reported outcomes after Heller alone and Heller plus Dor for achalasia are comparable, providing support for either procedure.
Recent Advances in the Structural Chemistry of Inulin

ABSTRACT Computer models and crystal structures that contain fructofuranose residues and that are related to inulin are reviewed. Then, models of inulin were built, based on the dominant values for the interresidue linkage conformations and the geometry of the furanose rings found in those studies.
From Hiroshima to the Nazi Doctors

When we gather as an intellectual and moral community in connection with our concern about traumatic events and posttraumatic responses, we seek to have good emerge from the bad. Although I feel this is especially true in my work, which involves so many destructive, indeed evil, events, I think it is also true for all of us. The logical aspect of that paradox for us is that, as we pursue our work, we seek the moment when our work is less necessary. We seek and work toward the cessation of destructive events on a massive scale, such as the Holocaust, the Vietnam War, or Hiroshima. As a result, we must keep a watchful eye on perpetrators, even as we pursue our work to help victims and survivors. At the same time, we have to keep a sharp moral and psychological distinction between victimizers and victims. In that regard, I refer to my own study of Vietnam veterans, Home from the War that I subtitled Vietnam Veterans: Neither Victims nor Executioners (Lifton, 1973/1992). This title reflects my understanding, as I began to work with Vietnam veterans, that they had been cast into the two roles that Albert Camus warned us never to assume. Those with whom I worked subsequently struggled courageously to extricate themselves from the roles of executioner and of victim. One does not want to be a victim any more than one wants to be a victimizer.
The 4-H Harvest: Sexuality and the State in Rural America

Review of: "The 4-H Harvest: Sexuality and the State in Rural America", by Gabriel N. Rosenberg.
Reinforcement Learning for Trading Systems and Portfolios: Immediate vs Future Rewards

We propose to train trading systems and portfolios by optimizing financial objective functions via reinforcement learning. The performance functions that we consider as value functions are profit or wealth, the Sharpe ratio and our recently proposed differential Sharpe ratio for online learning. In Moody & Wu (1997), we presented empirical results in controlled experiments that demonstrated the efficacy of some of our methods for optimizing trading systems. Here we extend our previous work to the use of Q-Learning, a reinforcement learning technique that uses approximated future rewards to choose actions, and compare its performance to that of our previous systems which are trained to maximize immediate reward. We also provide new simulation results that demonstrate the presence of predictability in the monthly S&P 500 Stock Index for the 25 year period 1970 through 1994.
Truth-aware Optimal Decision-making Framework with Driver Preferences for V2V Communications

In Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications, malicious actors may spread false information to undermine the safety and efficiency of the vehicular traffic stream. Thus, vehicles must determine how to respond to the contents of messages which maybe false even though they are authenticated in the sense that receivers can verify contents were not tampered with and originated from a verifiable transmitter. Existing solutions to find appropriate actions are inadequate since they separately address trust and decision, require the honest majority (more honest ones than malicious), and do not incorporate driver preferences in the decision-making process. In this work, we propose a novel trust-aware decision-making framework without requiring an honest majority. It securely determines the likelihood of reported road events despite the presence of false data, and consequently provides the optimal decision for the vehicles. The basic idea of our framework is to leverage the implied effect of the road event to verify the consistency between each vehicle’s reported data and actual behavior, and determine the data trustworthiness and event belief by integrating the Bayes’ rule and Dempster Shafer Theory. The resulting belief serves as inputs to a utility maximization framework focusing on both safety and efficiency. This framework considers the two basic necessities of the Intelligent Transportation System and also incorporates drivers’ preferences to decide the optimal action. Simulation results show the robustness of our framework under the multiple-vehicle attack, and different balances between safety and efficiency can be achieved via selecting appropriate human preference factors based on the driver’s risk-taking willingness.
Ethanol normalizes glutamate-induced elevation of intracellular sodium in olfactory neuroepithelial progenitors from subjects with bipolar illness but not nonbipolar controls: Biologic evidence for the self-medication hypothesis.

Alcohol use disorders are quite common in bipolar patients with a prevalence of comorbidity that exceeds all other primary psychiatric diagnoses other than other substance use disorders1; over 60% of people with bipolar disorder type I (BD I) have comorbid alcohol dependence at some point in their lives.1 This intimate relationship has served as the basis of the proposed idea of “self-medication.”2 However, biological confirmation of “self-medication,” specifically, the correction of an abnormal biologic marker with alcohol, has never been demonstrated. Recently, we have succeeded in utilizing olfactory neuroepithelium biopsy to produce permanent cell lines of olfactory neuroepithelial progenitors (ONPs) from patients with BD and matched nonbipolar controls.3 These cells possess the genetic heritage of BD I and can be used for investigation of differential biological responses to ethanol. Ionic regulatory abnormalities have repeatedly been documented in patients with BD I.4 Most notably, intracellular sodium and calcium are elevated during both mania and depression, this distribution of cations alters transmembrane potential of lymphocytes—a phenomenon which may be a useful diagnostic marker (reviewed in references 4). Both pharmacologic and genetic animal models which inhibit the sodium pump to elevate intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations create mania-like behaviors (reviewed in 4). Similarly, altered-glutamate metabolism is a consistent finding in BD (reviewed in 4). Importantly, brain glutamate and glutamine are elevated in most brain areas in patients with bipolar illness during mania, depression, and euthymia. By extension, treating ONP cells with glutamate to increase both intracellular sodium and calcium may be a cellular model of bipolar illness, mania, and/or bipolar depression.