cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prospective Evaluation of Mango Fruit Intake on Facial Wrinkles and Erythema in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Pilot Study

Mangos are rich in β-carotene and other carotenoids, along with several phenolic acids that may provide oxidant defense and photoprotection to the skin. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of Ataulfo mango intake on the development of facial wrinkles and erythema. A randomized two-group parallel-arm study was conducted to assess 16 weeks of either 85 g or 250 g of mango intake in healthy postmenopausal women with Fitzpatrick skin type II or III. Facial photographs were captured at weeks 0, 8, and 16, and wrinkles at the lateral canthi and erythema at the cheeks were quantified. Skin carotenoid values were measured with reflection spectroscopy. Deep wrinkle severity decreased significantly in the 85 g group after 8 (p = 0.007) and 16 (p = 0.03) weeks compared to baseline measures. In contrast, those in the 250 g group showed an increase after 16 weeks in average wrinkle severity (p = 0.049), average wrinkle length (p = 0.007), fine wrinkle severity (p = 0.02), and emerging wrinkle severity (p = 0.02). Erythema in the cheeks increased with 85 g of mango intake (p = 0.04). The intake of 85 g of mangos reduced wrinkles in fair-skinned postmenopausal women, while an intake of 250 g showed the opposite effect. Further studies feeding 85 g of mangos are warranted.
Pirandello in un mondo globalizzato – 1. Narrazione-Memoria-Identità and Pirandello in un mondo globalizzato – 2. Iconografie pirandelliane. Immagini e cultura visiva nell'opera di Luigi Pirandello

I remember walking among the stacks as a graduate student, full of both inspiration and intimidation at the many shelves of books dedicated to the work of Luigi Pirandello. Since that time the bibl...
Internal and External Challenges to Culpability

This article was presented at “Guilty Minds: A Virtual Conference on Mens Rea and Criminal Justice Reform” at Arizona State University’s Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law. It is forthcoming in Arizona State Law Journal Volume 53, Issue 2. The thesis of this article is simple: As long as we maintain the current folk psychological conception of ourselves as intentional and potentially rational creatures, as people and not simply as machines, mental states will inevitably remain central to ascriptions of culpability and responsibility more generally. It is also desirable. Nonetheless, we are in a condition of unprecedented internal challenges to the importance of mental states in the context of mental abnormalities and of external challenges to personhood and agency based on the new behavioral neuroscience and genetics. The latter challengers argue that the central role the criminal law gives to mental states is deeply misguided. All these challenges should fail on conceptual and empirical grounds.
Brandom and A Spirit of Trust: A Spirit of Trust: A Reading of Hegel’s Phenomenology, by Robert B. Brandom, Cambridge, MA and London, Harvard University Press, 2019, xiv + 836 pp., $46.50 (hbk), ISBN 9780674976818

For years, Robert B. Brandom has been working on a book on Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. Earlier versions of its chapters were available for scrutiny at Brandom’s website. But the book itself is...
The Relationship of Vaccine Uptake and COVID-19 Infections among Nursing Home Staff and Residents in Missouri

Abstract Introduction Older adults living in communal spaces, such as nursing or retirement communities are at greater risk of infection due to close proximity to others, advanced aging-related or medical conditions, and engagement with staff that support multiple clients and facilities. Mobility between residents and facilities may result in staff acting as vectors of COVID-19 infection in these spaces. Vaccine uptake has been shown to markedly reduce the spread of COVID-19, yet there is little data on vaccine uptake and the continued COVID-19 risk among residents. Methods Data for this study were extracted from two publicly available. First, Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) public data included characteristics of nursing homes, weekly reported observations of residential COVID-19 cases, and COVID-19 vaccine coverage of staff and residents. Second, average weekly COVID-19 infection rate from Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (MDHSS) were extracted and aggregated. A zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression model was constructed to predict (1) if COVID-19 infections were reported, and if so, (2) the number of cases reported using a priori variables as predictors. ZIP regression was used due to the count nature of the outcome and due to the pre-determined overdispersion of observations when zero COVID-19 cases were reported during the study period. Results A total of 504 nursing homes were included in the study and 1124 COVID-19 infections were reported during the study period. As the percent of vaccinated staff increased, the risk of COVID-19 infections among residents significantly decreased. Percent of residents vaccinated was not significantly associated with whether COVID-19 cases were reported, nor the number of cases reported. Other factors, such as county COVID-19 rate and CMS staff rating, were significantly associated with COVID-19 cases in nursing homes. Discussion This study identified that nursing home staff, likely due to greater mobility, are important to prioritize in vaccination efforts to protect themselves and residents of their facilities from COVID-19 infections. Further, the CMS staff ratings were significant predictors of infection as well, which highlight the structural challenges that exist within and outside the context of a highly infectious and deadly pandemic. These results also provide insights to optimizing vaccination roll-out to best protect our communities’ most vulnerable residents.
A Highly Selective, Annotated Software Engineering Bibliography

This short bibliography is a listing of books and articles which are essential reading for the software engineer or for those attempting to become familiar with software engineering. The emphasis is on concepts and principles involved in gaining an understanding of the goals of software engineering and the issues involved in achieving them. While an attempt has been made to include most of the topics generally regarded as being subsumed by the term “software engineering”, there is no attempt to be complete and there is a definite emphasis on the pragmatic, as opposed to the theoretical.
Symplectic Geometry and Topology

Introduction Introduction to symplectic topology Introduction Basics Moser's argument The linear theory The nonsqueezing theorem and capacities Sketch proof of the nonsqueezing theorem Bibliography Holomorphic curves and dynamics in dimension three Problems, basic concepts and overview Analytical tools The Weinstein conjecture in the overtwisted case The Weinstein conjecture in the tight case Some outlook Bibliography An introduction to the Seiberg-Witten equations on symplectic manifolds Introduction Background from differential geometry Spin and the Seiberg-Witten equations The Seiberg-Witten invariants The symplectic case, part I The symplectic case, part II Bibliography Lectures on Floer homology Introduction Symplectic fixed points and Morse theory Fredholm theory Floer homology Gromov compactness and stable maps Multi-valued perturbations Bibliography A tutorial on quantum cohomology Introduction Moduli spaces of stable maps $QH^*(G/B)$ and quantum Toda lattices Singularity theory Toda lattices and the mirror conjecture Bibliography Euler characteristics and Lagrangian intersections Introduction Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lecture 5 Bibliography Hamiltonian group actions and symplectic reduction Introduction to Hamiltonian group actions The geometry of the moment map Equivariant cohomology and the Cartan model The Duistermaat-Heckman theorem and applications to the cohomology of symplectic quotients Moduli spaces of vector bundles over Riemann surfaces Exercises Bibliography Park City lectures on mechanics, dynamics, and symmetry Introduction Reduction for mechanical systems with symmetry Stability, underwater vehicle dynamics and phases Systems with rolling constraints and locomotion Optimal control and stabilization of balance systems Variational integrators Bibliography.
Radial flow of viscoelastic liquids

Abstract Pressure profiles P(r) are measured for a highly non-Newtonian polymer solution undergoing divergent radial flow between circular disks. The liquid is designed to be highly elastic, unlike others examined in radial flow, with (τ11 − τ22)/τ21 > 1 in viscometric shear. Also unlike earlier results, pressure data are found to lie above the predictions of the power-law viscosity model. This may be attributed to elastic effects, as predicted with an Oldroyd model in Part I, providing the fluid time spectrum obeys certain restrictions. The Oldroyd model is incapable of quantitative accuracy, but good curve-fits of P(r) data are possible with empirical modification of the rigorous analysis.
Open House for Incoming Freshmen

(1972). Open House for Incoming Freshmen. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 43, No. 7, pp. 81-82.
Characterization of Tertiary Folding of RNA by Circular Dichroism and Urea

CD spectroscopy can be used to monitor RNA tertiary folding transitions that may not be observable by absorbance spectroscopy. With the use of computer-controlled titrators, data can be acquired rapidly, and accurate thermodynamic properties can be obtained over a wide variety of conditions. Thus, CD spectroscopy provides a useful complement to site-resolved or chemical modification methods.
Air Pollution, Indoor Air Pollution and Control

Air quality in residential, commercial, and institutional buildings has become a public health issue. The indoor environment contains a wide variety of chemical and biological substances and occupant activities that can create air contaminants by evaporation, sublimation, combustion, resusupension, and chemical reactions in the air itself (particularly between ozone and unsaturated organic vapors). Because dispersion of these contaminants is much more restricted in the confinements of buildings than in the relatively unconfined outdoors, indoor concentrations tend to be higher than ambient (outdoor) concentrations. Furthermore, since most people spend ∼90% of their time indoors, their exposure (concentration breathed times duration) is generally at least 10 times greater indoors than outdoors. Building occupant complaints of odors, sensory irritation of eyes, nose and throat, neurological symptoms including nausea and headache, respiratory symptoms and infections, aggravation of asthma, and concerns about chronic diseases like cancer have increased markedly over the past two decades. Litigation of so-called “sick building” cases has increased public awareness and concern. This article gives an overview of indoor air quality issues, the nature of contaminants in the air we breathe, health effects that are of potential concern, sources of air contaminants, and a discussion of source management, ventilation and air cleaning as approaches to providing good indoor air quality. The section on source management includes discussion on criteria for materials and products with desirable characteristics for preventing indoor air pollution. Numerous references are cited from the extensive and growing technical and public information literature. Keywords: indoor air quality; contaminants; sources; emissions,ventilation; standards and guidelines; product testing; building design; operation; maintenance
Two Genes Link Two Distinct Psychoses

Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 ( DISC1 ), the first gene directly linked to schizophrenia, appears to regulate neuronal growth and migration. In their Perspective, [Sawa and Snyder][1] discuss the study by [ Millar et al. ][2] that reports the interaction of DISC1 with the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B). PDE4B is now reported as aberrant in a schizophrenic family. The interaction of the two proteins controls PDE4B activity and may modulate mood and mentation both physiologically and pathophysiologically. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5751/1128 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5751/1187
Inextricably Political: Race, Membership and Tribal Sovereignty

Courts address equal protection questions about the distinct legal treatment of American Indian tribes in the following dichotomous way: are classifications concerning American Indians “racial or political?” If the classification is political (i.e. based on federally recognized tribal status or membership in a federally recognized tribe) then courts will not subject it to heightened scrutiny. If the classification is racial rather than political, then courts may apply heightened scrutiny. This article challenges the dichotomy itself. The legal categories “tribe” and “tribal member” are themselves political, and reflect the ways in which tribes and tribal members have been racialized by U.S. laws and policies.First, the article traces the evolution of tribes from pre-contact independent sovereigns to their current status as “federally recognized tribes.” This history reveals that the federal government’s objective of minimizing the tribal land base entailed a racial logic that was reflected in decisions about when and how to recognize tribal status. The logic was that of elimination: Indian people had to disappear in order to free territory for non-Indian settlement. The Article then examines two very distinct tribal places, the Colorado River Indian Tribes’ (CRIT) reservation and the former Dakota (Sioux) Nation of the Great Plains. The United States’ policies had different effects on the CRIT (where four distinct ethnic and linguistic groups were consolidated into one tribe) and the Sioux (where related ethnic and linguistic groups were scattered apart), but the causal structures were the same. Indian people stood in the way of non-Indian settlement, and federal policies defined tribes and their land base with the goal of shrinking both. Despite these goals, the CRIT and Sioux Tribes have exercised their powers of self-governance and created homelands that foster cultural survival for their people. Like other federally recognized tribes, they have used the given legal structure to perpetuate their own forms of indigenous governance, notwithstanding the law’s darker origins.The legal histories of CRIT and the Sioux Tribes reveal that unraveling the logic of racism in American Indian law has less to do with tinkering with current equal protection doctrine than it does with recognizing the workings of power, politics, and law in the context of the United States’ unique brand of settler colonialism. The way to counter much of the prior racial discrimination against American Indians is to support laws that perpetuate the sovereign political status of tribes, rather than to dismantle tribes by subjecting them to judicial scrutiny in a futile attempt to disentangle the racial from the political.
Tourist information-seeking behavior and its marketing implications.

One popular tourism promotional medium available to destination marketing organizations is destination-specific travel information packages made available to potential visitors upon request. This s...
Veracity: practical secure network coordinates via vote-based agreements

Decentralized network coordinate systems promise efficient network distance estimates across Internet end-hosts. These systems support a wide range of network services, including proximity-based routing, neighbor selection in overlays, network-aware overlays, and replica placement in content-distribution networks. This paper describes Veracity, a practical fully-decentralized service for securing network coordinate systems. In Veracity, all advertised coordinates and subsequent coordinate updates must be independently verified by a small set of nodes via a voting scheme. Unlike existing approaches, Veracity does not require any a priori secrets or trusted parties, and does not depend on outlier analysis of coordinates based on a fixed set of neighbors. We have implemented Veracity by modifying an open-source network coordinate system, and have demonstrated within a simulated network environment and deployment on PlanetLab that Veracity mitigates attacks for moderate sizes of malicious nodes (up to 30% of the network), even when coalitions of attackers coordinate their attacks. We further show that Veracity resists high levels of churn and incurs only a modest communication overhead.
Abstract 60: The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Pressure Overload Heart Failure

We previously reported that chronic ischemic HF induced by coronary ligation results in an exacerbated pro-inflammatory cell profile in the systemic circulation, spleen, and failing heart. In addition, this pro-inflammatory cell profile was strongly influenced by the cardiosplenic axis; however, the role of this axis in other etiologies of HF is unknown. Immune cells infiltrate the heart early (1-4 weeks) after pressure-overload injury, but it is unknown whether these cells persist and are of pathological import during chronic pressure-overload HF. We hypothesized that phenotypic changes in mononuclear phagocytes are necessary for the transition from compensatory hypertrophy to chronic HF during sustained pressure-overload, and that inhibition of myocardial immune cell infiltration would ameliorate this progression. Pressure-overload was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, and in macrophage Fas-induced apoptosis (MAFIA) Tg mice, which allows ablation of c-fms ex...
Surgical palliation of truncus arteriosus with mitral atresia and hypoplastic left ventricle

A rare case of truncus arteriosus associated with mitral valve atresia, hypoplastic left ventricle, and intact ventricular septum is reported. Successful medical management and surgical palliation of this defect is described. The possible embryology, pertinent hemodynamics, and clinical concerns with this unusual case are discussed.
Successful management of an acute subdural hematoma in a patient dependent on continuous treprostinil infusion therapy

Treprostinil is a synthetic analog of prostacyclin, which is used for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Continuous subcutaneous administration of treprostinil has been proven in randomized controlled trials to improve quality of life, hemodynamics, and 5-year survival in patients with PAH. The efficacy of treprostinil has been attributed to its vasodilatory and antiplatelet effects. Unfortunately, the efficacy of treprostinil in the treatment of PAH is rapidly reversed upon cessation of the continuous infusion. Furthermore, cases of patients rapidly declining or succumbing to disease progression upon cessation of treprostinil have raised significant concern regarding discontinuation of this medication. To date, there are no reports of emergency craniotomies performed in the setting of continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil. The authors report a case of a patient with PAH, treated with continuous administration of subcutaneous treprostinil as well as warfarin, who developed an acute subdural hematoma (SDH). Despite adequate INR (international normalized ratio) correction, the patient eventually underwent an emergency craniotomy for evacuation of the SDH while on continuous treprostinil administration. This case highlights the neurosurgical dilemma regarding the appropriate management of acute SDHs in patients receiving continuous treprostinil infusion.
Synthesis of N-Terminally Linked Protein Dimers and Trimers by a Combined Native Chemical Ligation-CuAAC Click Chemistry Strategy

A novel method for the synthesis of N-terminally linked protein multimers is reported. Azide and alkyne thioesters were synthesized for the N-terminal modification of expressed proteins using native chemical ligation (NCL). Proteins modified by these moieties can be joined together to form homodimers and homotrimers via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry. The orthogonal nature of this reaction allows the production of protein heteromultimers, and this is demonstrated by synthesis of a protein heterodimer.
Real-time interferometry with photorefractive reference holograms.

Experimental results on real-time holographic interferometry using photorefractive iron-doped lithium niobate crystals to store the reference holograms are presented. Since the crystals are self-developing, precise repositioning of the reference hologram or in situ wet processing is not needed. With proper choice of experimental parameters it is found that the same reference hologram can be used for real-time processing of long sequences (~ 10 min.) of input data with minimal degradation. The results obtained on visualization of heat-flow patterns from electronic chips illustrate the utility of this approach.
Perceived Information Exchange and Health Control Expectancies as Influenced by a Patient's Medical Interview Situation

The purpose of this study was to examine how a patient's medical interview situation influences the relationship between the health locus of control and information exchange. Participants included 537 people who completed the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale and the patient version of the Medical Communication Competence Scale in reference to their last health care visit. The results indicated that the situation surrounding the medical interview influenced the relationship between the health locus of control and information exchange.
A Monte Carlo EM method for estimating multinomial probit models

We develop a framework to perform maximum likelihood estimation in the multinomial probit model using a Monte Carlo EM algorithm. Our method includes a Gibbs step. This approach is different from likelihood procedures currently in use for this class of models, in that it does not involve direct evaluation and maximization of the observed data likelihood. Instead, we take advantage of the underlying continuum to simplify calculations. We also develop extensions of this Monte Carlo EM method for analyzing multi-period data. The computations are illustrated through real and simulated data.
Dis/Assembling Schizophrenia on YouTube: Theorizing an Analog Body in a Virtual Sphere.

As visual technologies become increasingly networked online, websites like YouTube provide a space to share vlogs (video blogs) online, suggest related content for viewers, and help in/form virtual communities, including those of mental illness. Within this space, vlogs of schizophrenia and comments generated about them by other users can represent transitional, dialogical states of illness that speak back to the analog body and affect a body’s way of being in the world. Moreover, as vlogs create resistance against static definitions of schizophrenia, they may foster a creativity, experimentation, and inventiveness that transforms understandings of schizophrenia within the sciences and humanities.
Evaluation of the field impact of an adventitious herbivore on an invasive plant, yellow toadflax, in Colorado, USA

Although some introduced plants arrive into their new range without their generalist and specialist herbivores, for others, their herbivores arrive prior to, with, or after the introduction of the plant, reestablishing the link between natural enemies and invaders in the introduced range. Research documenting the effects of adventitiously introduced herbivores on their target plants in the introduced range, and the mechanisms by which those effects occur, can provide insight into potential biological weed control. We studied the effects of an accidentally introduced beetle Brachypterolus pulicarius on the growth and reproduction of its host, the invasive plant Linaria vulgaris (yellow toadflax), growing under field conditions across multiple years and sites in western Colorado, USA. We found that feeding by B. pulicarius on L. vulgaris was variable among 3 years (2002–2004) and across eight local sites. Part of the variation in damage was explained by ramet density; sites with greater ramet density experienced a higher proportion of damage. In an observational study across 2 years, damage was positively correlated with estimates of sexual reproduction, ramet growth, and clonal shoot production. However, opposite trends were observed in an experiment; damage by B. pulicarius decreased estimates of sexual reproduction. Differences between the results of the observational and experimental studies were likely driven by selective feeding by B. pulicarius on larger ramets. Nonetheless, the ability of B. pulicarius to control established L. vulgaris population growth remains uncertain under the environmental conditions we studied. In both the observational and experimental study, B. pulicarius did not affect L. vulgaris survival, and we found no evidence that established L. vulgaris populations were seed limited, suggesting that reductions in seeds may not translate into demographic changes in heavily infested populations. Interactions among insect foraging behavior, individual plant responses to damage, and the demographic consequences of seed input may help to explain the varying degrees to which herbivores affect plants and populations in this and other systems.
Exploring Shame, Guilt, and Risky Substance Use Among Sexual Minority Men and Women

This study examined the interrelations among shame-proneness, guilt-proneness, internalized heterosexism (IH), and problematic substance use among 389 gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women. Problematic alcohol and drug use were positively related to shame-proneness and negatively related to guilt-proneness. Bisexuals reported riskier substance use behaviors, lower levels of guilt-proneness, and higher levels of IH than gay men and lesbians. Furthermore, study findings indicated that shame and IH are related. Additional investigations of these associations would supplement current understandings of sexual minority stress and advance the development of substance-related intervention and prevention efforts targeting sexual minorities.
1020-3 Evaluation of Aortic Regurgitation Using Digitally Determined Color Doppler Imaged Flow Convergence Acceleration: A Quantitative Study in Animals

To evaluate a flow convergence (FC), axial centerline velocity/distance profile method as applied to chronic aortic regurgitation (AR), we compared FC results to AR flow rates and volumes simultaneously determined by aortic and pulmonary electromagnetic flow probes and meters (EM) balanced against each other. In 6 sheep, a total of 21 hemodynamic states were obtained 20 weeks after the original surgery to produce AR. Echo studies were performed to obtain complete axial FC velocity/distance profiles from apex views. The color Doppler velocity data were directly transferred in digital format from the ultrasound instrumentation to a microcomputer. AR was classified as grade I when the peak AR flow rate was l2.5l/min (7 conditions), as grade II when it was between 2.5 and 6.0l/min (5 conditions), and grade III when it was g6.0 l/min (9 conditions). All of the velocity/distance acceleration curves toward the AR orifice showed organized acceleration fields with highly significant correlations using multiplicative regression fits (y = ax–b; r = 0.94–0.99; all p l 0.01). All of the centerline velocity/distance profiles for grade III regurgitation traversed a domain encompassed by velocities g0.6 m/sec at distances from the orifices g0.75 cm; the profiles for grade I regurgitation resided in a domain encompassed by velocities l0.45 m/sec at distances from the orifices, l0.5 cm. The profiles for grade II regurgitation resided in a domain between these. In addition, an equation for correlating both ‘a’ and ‘b’ (coefficients) with the peak AR flow rates (Q l/min) was derived from multiple regression analysis (Q = 16a + 1.5b – 1.5, r = 0.95, P l 0.001, SEE = 0.55 l/min). This study, using quantified AR. demonstrates that the FC axial centerline velocity/distance profile method can be used for evaluating the severity of aortic regurgitation. Download : Download high-res image (87KB) Download : Download full-size image
The unintended consequences of disclosure: effect of manipulating sponsor identification on the perceived credibility and effectiveness of smoking cessation advertisements.

One reason that tobacco-sponsored smoking cessation ads are less effective than those sponsored by public health agencies may be that the persuasive arguments in tobacco-sponsored ads are inherently weaker than arguments made in public health ads. An alternate explanation is that sponsorship disclosure on the face of the ad activates resistance, partly because of credibility judgments directed toward tobacco companies. The authors test hypotheses in a 3 (sponsor identification) × 2 (ad content) randomized factorial experiment (N = 270). Results indicate that judgments of sponsor credibility play a mediating role in perceptions of ad effectiveness, with identification of a tobacco company as the sponsor of cessation ads undermining perceived credibility compared with the same ads without the tobacco company identified. However, the reduction in credibility resulting from tobacco sponsorship can be partially overcome when the sponsor is placed on more direct ad content (public health ads). The effects of cr...
Re-usable DNA template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

DNA covalently bound to an uncharged nylon membrane was used for consecutive amplifications of several different genes by PCR. Successful PCR amplifications were obtained for membrane-bound genomic and plasmid DNA. Membrane-bound genomic DNA templates were re-used at least 15 times for PCR with specific amplification of the desired gene each time. PCR amplifications of specific sequences of p53, p16, CYP1A1, CYP2D6, GSTM1 and GSTM3 were performed independently on the same strips of uncharged nylon membrane containing genomic DNA. PCR products were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and/or dideoxy sequencing to confirm PCR-amplified gene sequences. We found that PCR fragments obtained by amplification from bound genomic DNA as template were identical in sequence to those of PCR products obtained from free genomic DNA in solution. PCR was performed using as little as 5 ng genomic or 4 fg plasmid DNA bound to membrane. These results suggest that DNA covalently bound to membrane can be re-used for sample-specific PCR amplifications, providing a potentially unlimited source of DNA for PCR.
A comparison of grain boundary evolution during grain growth in fcc metals

Abstract Grain growth of Cu and Ni thin films, subjected to in situ annealing within a transmission electron microscope, has been quantified using a precession-enhanced electron diffraction technique. The orientation of each grain and its misorientation with respect to its neighboring grains were calculated. The Cu underwent grain growth that maintained a monomodal grain size distribution, with its low-angle grain boundaries being consumed, and the Ni exhibited grain size distributions in stages, from monomodal to bimodal to monomodal. The onset of Ni’s abnormal grain growth was accompanied by a sharp increase in the Σ3 and Σ9 boundary fractions, which is attributed to simulation predictions of their increased mobility. These Σ3 and Σ9 fractions then dropped to their room temperature values during the third stage of grain growth. In addition to the Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries, the Σ5 and Σ7 boundaries also underwent an increase in total boundary fraction with increasing temperature in both metals.
Oxidation with dilute aqueous ferric chloride solutions greatly improves yields in the ‘4+1’ synthesis of sapphyrins

Abstract The use of dilute aqueous FeCl 3 as an oxidant, instead of DDQ, greatly improves the yields of sapphyrin products by the ‘4+1’ methodology; yields for carbasapphyrins were somewhat lower but also greatly benefited from this approach.
Perfusion analysis using dynamic arterial spin labeling (DASL)

A variety of magnetic resonance (MR) techniques have proved useful to quantify perfusion using endogenous water as a blood flow tracer. Assuming that water is a freely diffusable tracer, the model used for these techniques predicts that the quantitation of perfusion is based on three parameters, all of which can depend on blood flow. These are the longitudinal tissue relaxation time, the transit time from point of labeling to tissue, and the difference in tissue MR signal between an appropriate control and the labeled state. To measure these three parameters in parallel, a dynamic arterial spin labeling (DASL) technique is introduced based on the analysis of the tissue response to a periodic time varying degree of arterial spin labeling, called here the labeling function (LF). The LF frequency can be modulated to overdetermine parameters necessary to define the system. MR schemes are proposed to measure the tissue response to different LF frequencies efficiently. Sprague-Dawley rats were studied by DASL, using various frequencies for the LF and various arterial pCO2 levels. During data processing, the periodic behavior of the tissue response to the LF allowed for frequency filtering of periodic changes in signal intensity unrelated to perfusion and arterial spin labeling. Measures of transit time, tissue longitudinal relaxation time, and perfusion agreed well over a range of LF frequencies and with previous results. DASL shows potential for more accurately quantifying perfusion as well as measuring transit times associated with arterial spin labeling techniques.
Macromolecular structure determination in the post-genome era

Abstract Recent advances in genetics, molecular biology and crystallographic instrumentation and methodology have led to a revolution in the field of Structural Molecular Biology (SMB). These combined advances have paved the way to a more complete and detailed understanding of the biological macromolecules that make up an organism, both in terms of their individual functions and also the interactions between them. In this paper we describe a large-scale, genomic approach to the three-dimensional structure determination of macromolecules and their complexes, using high-throughput methodology to streamline all aspects of the process. This task requires the development of automated high-intensity synchrotron beam lines for X-ray diffraction data collection from single crystal samples. Furthermore, these beam lines must be operated within a sophisticated software and hardware environment, which is capable of delivering a completely automated structure determination pipeline. The SMB resource at SSRL is developing a system for the structure determination steps of this process, starting with the initial characterization of the frozen sample, followed by data collection, data reduction, phase determination, and model building. This paper focuses on the data collection elements of this high-throughput system.
Sludge‐borne metal uptake by soybeans as a function of soil cation exchange capacity

Abstract Trace metal uptake by soybean shoots (Glycine max L. Merr.) as a function of cation exchange capacity (CEC) was studied. A sludge amended (0, ‐23.2, and 46.7 mt/ha) Typic Hapludoll soil whose CEC was adjusted between 18.5 to 5.2 meq/100 g by dilution with sand and whose pH was 6.6 was used in a growth chamber experiment. For a given sludge‐application rate Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Pb uptake remained constant as the soil CEC increased. The Cd uptake reached a maximum at the sludge‐application rate of 23.3 mt/ha, Zn and Ni uptake increased and Cu, Cr, and Pb uptake remained constant as sludge‐application rate increased. At all sludge‐application rates dry matter yields did not vary widely as the soil CEC increased.
Line positions of H2O in the 1.33 to 1.45 micron region

Results are presented for an experimental investigation, using a vacuum IR spectrometer, of the line positions and strengths of water vapor in the spectral region from 6900 to 7500 kaysers. The line-center frequencies of the vibration-rotation transitions of the five H2O bands in this spectral interval are determined along with the rotational levels of the (101), (200), (021), (120), and (002) states. It is noted that several of the upper-state levels are perturbed by resonance effects involving either Fermi coupling or Coriolis coupling of the near-resonance levels of various states. Tables are provided which list the measured line-center frequencies, upper- and lower-state rotational quantum numbers, ground-state energy levels, line strengths, and band assignments. It is shown that the (101) and (021) bands are type A with origins at 7249.811 and 6871.51 kaysers, respectively, while the (200), (002), and (120) bands are type B with origins at 7201.540, 7445.07, and 6775.10 kaysers, respectively.
The Lanczos-Arnoldi algorithm and controllability

We present methods for computing the controllable space of a Linear Dynamic System. The methods are based on orthogonalizing Krylov sequences and can use much less storage than other methods with little or no loss of numerical stability.
Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF assay.

The lack of capacity to provide laboratory confirmation of a diagnosis of tuberculosis disease (TB) is contributing to enormous gaps in the ability to find, treat and follow TB patients. WHO estimates that globally only about 57% of the notified new cases of pulmonary TB in 2012 and about 19% of rifampicin-resistant TB cases were laboratory confirmed. The Cepheid Xpert® MTB/RIF assay has been credited with revolutionizing laboratory testing to aid in the diagnosis of TB and rifampicin-resistant TB. This semi-automated test can detect both the causative agent of TB and mutations that confer rifampicin resistance from clinical specimens within 2 h after starting the test. In this article, we review the performance of the test, its pathway to regulatory approval and endorsement, guidelines for its use and lessons learned from the implementation of the test in low-burden, high-resource countries and in high-burden, low-resource countries.
OR/MS modeling in long range bank planning

Abstract For over 10 years, The Bank of New York has conducted formal Long Range Planning, to insure profitable long term growth. The planning system developed by the Bank relies heavily on Financial Planning and OR/MS Modeling has been an important part of this system. This paper describes the approach taken by the Bank to develop their system and the experience gained through managing the system.
Small Molecule Deubiquitinase Inhibitors Promote Macrophage Anti-Infective Capacity

The global spread of anti-microbial resistance requires urgent attention, and diverse alternative strategies have been suggested to address this public health concern. Host-directed immunomodulatory therapies represent one approach that could reduce selection for resistant bacterial strains. Recently, the small molecule deubiquitinase inhibitor WP1130 was reported as a potential anti-infective drug against important human food-borne pathogens, notably Listeria monocytogenes and noroviruses. Utilization of WP1130 itself is limited due to poor solubility, but given the potential of this new compound, we initiated an iterative rational design approach to synthesize new derivatives with increased solubility that retained anti-infective activity. Here, we test a small library of novel synthetic molecules based on the structure of the parent compound, WP1130, for anti-infective activity in vitro. Our studies identify a promising candidate, compound 9, which reduced intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes at concentrations that caused minimal cellular toxicity. Compound 9 itself had no bactericidal activity and only modestly slowed Listeria growth rate in liquid broth culture, suggesting that this drug acts as an anti-infective compound by modulating host-cell function. Moreover, this new compound also showed anti-infective activity against murine norovirus (MNV-1) and human norovirus, using the Norwalk virus replicon system. This small molecule inhibitor may provide a chemical platform for further development of therapeutic deubiquitinase inhibitors with broad-spectrum anti-infective activity.
Unusual adsorption kinetics of formic acid on Cu(1 0 0) studied by dc resistance and nonresonant infrared reflectance changes

Abstract The combination of in situ dc resistance measurements and simultaneous measurements of the nonresonant infrared reflectance provides a sensitive, noninvasive, real-time probe of adsorption kinetics on thin metal films. The two techniques are complementary, with the resistance sensitive to first-layer adsorption while the reflectance shows effects due to both first-layer and multilayer adsorption. For formic acid adsorption on Cu(1 0 0), the sticking coefficient for the first monolayer is at least 40 times smaller than for subsequent layers, and is therefore no larger than a few percent. An activation barrier to chemisorption is excluded by the weak and nonmonotonic dependence of the initial sticking coefficient on surface temperature. The rate-limiting step for first-layer adsorption is probably trapping into a weakly bound precursor state, with inefficient energy transfer to the surface leading to a low trapping rate. The additional vibrational modes available in the adsorbed layer lead to a greatly enhanced trapping rate for subsequent layers, resulting in rapid multilayer growth. The transition from slow first-layer growth to fast multilayer growth is not immediate, however, suggesting that the increased trapping becomes significant only once multilayer clusters reach a critical size.
Novel antimicrobial N-halamine polymer coatings generated by emulsion polymerization

A new class of N-halamine polymers has been synthesized. These polymers can be emulsified in water to produce coatings which, once chlorinated, act as contact disinfectants. The surfaces inactivate bacterial organisms efficiently, requiring relatively brief contact times of several minutes. The latexes can be formed by copolymerization of a N-halamine precursor monomer with other monomers in water with the aid of a surfactant, or by chemically grafting the N-halamine precursor monomer onto an emulsified polymer backbone, followed by chlorination.
Novel interference effects between parallel quantum wells.

This Letter describes a novel concept that can lead to new quantum interference effects with potential applications in switching devices. The interference occurs between currents flowing in two parallel channels formed by contiguous GaAs quantum wells. Preliminary experiments with a simple structure show oscillations in the conductance as a function of the magnetic field with a period close to $\frac{h}{e}$ indicating an Aharonov-Bohm effect.
Dissecting the circuitry of the auditory system.

Abstract The brainstem auditory system is a complex system composed of numerous parallel and serial pathways that converge on a common destination in the inferior colliculus (IC). The exact nature of the response transformations that occur in the IC have, however, been elusive – even though the IC has been the subject of numerous studies for more than 30 years. Recent studies have addressed this issue by recording from IC neurons before and during micro-iontophoresis of drugs that selectively block GABA A or glycine receptors (the dominant inhibitory receptors in the IC) or by reversibly inactivating a lower nucleus that provides inhibitory innervation to the IC. These studies have revealed some of the ways that signals, relayed via many different parallel routes, interact in the IC, and suggest some functional advantages that these interactions might have.
Effects of propagation parallel to the magnetic field on the type 1 electrojet irregularity instability

A simple analysis is presented which indicates that Type 1 irregularities which have a slight component of propagation along the magnetic field may be more unstable than those which propagate across the field. It was found that significant irregularity amplitudes may occur at the northern or southern extremities of the equatorial electrojet from those modes with large north-south group velocity, and they could significantly change our understanding of nonlinear solutions of the electrojet instability.
Fast Neutron Activation Analysis in Multidisciplinary Studies

Fast neutron activation analysis has considerable potential for providing assay and trace element information in a variety of research pursuits. In an attempt to identify the areas where the technique is preferred to available alternates the Radiation Research Laboratory has been involved in an ongoing program which incorporates the analytical information provided by the neutron generator facility with publications describing similar efforts by others. Investigations have included neutron energy and spatial flux distribution, nuclide interactions and minimum sensitivities, interference reactions, and applied research in several multidisciplinary projects. An overview of the program and a summary of the noteworthy applications are presented herein.
What Would We Miss if HR-HPV Testing Was Used for Primary Cervical Cancer Screening

Introduction: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved use of the Cobas HPV test (Roche Molecular System, Pleasanton CA) for primary cervical cancer screening in women 25 years or older. False-negative high risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) results can become clinically relevant when used independent of cytology for primary screening. This study investigates the occurrence and significance of abnormal cytology and negative HR HPV testing with the Cobas HPV system in ThinPrep (Hologic, Bedford MA) and SurePath (BD, Burlington NC) preparations. Materials and Methods: All liquid-based Pap tests with negative HR HPV co-testing performed using the Cobas HPV system in women 25 years or older between August 2012 and July 2013 were retrieved. Pathologic follow-up was evaluated when available. Results: A total of 24,384 liquid-based Pap tests with negative HR HPV co-testing from women 25 years or older were evaluated. Overall, abnormal cytology (ASCUS or above) was noted in 1,015 cases (4.2%) as outlined in Table 1. Follow-up was available in 603 (59.4%) women: 150 (24.9%) were found to have significant uterine lesions (CIN 1+), including 9 (1.5%) with CIN 2+ squamous lesions, 3 endometrial simple hyperplasias, 4 (0.6%) endometrial adenocarcinomas, and 1 fallopian tube adenocarcinoma. All 5 women who on follow up were found to have uterine adenocarcinoma were asymptomatic. In addition, of 838 (5.1%) women aged 40 or older with endometrial cells noted by cytology, 4 (0.5%) were diagnosed with endometrial adenocarcinoma on subsequent follow-up. Conclusions: Using CIN 2+ as the cutoff, 1.5% of women would have a significant HPV-related uterine lesion that would have gone undetected if HR HPV testing was used alone as the primary screening test. Therefore, while HR HPV testing is sensitive in detecting HPV-related precancerous and cancerous lesions, a small percentage of non-HPV related uterine malignancies would go undetected.