cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wissenschaftliche Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare als Opfer der NS-Diktatur. Eine Übersicht über 250 Lebensläufe seit dem Jahr 1933 Teil 2: Emigration, Widerstand, Deportation und Gefangenschaft

Zusammenfassung:Bis heute ist nicht bekannt, wie viele Personen 1933 bis 1945 im Bibliothekswesen innerhalb des deutschen Machtbereichs Opfer der NS-Diktatur geworden sind. In zweijahrigen Recherchen wurden 250 (vor allem wissenschaftliche) Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare ermittelt, die in Deutschland, in Osterreich und in den durch deutsche Truppen besetzten Landern Opfer dieser Diktatur wurden. 89 von ihnen waren Mitglieder des Vereins Deutscher Bibliothekare (VDB).Dieser zweite Teil der Dokumentation informiert eingangs uber 131 Exilaufenthalte von Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekaren, die ab 1933 emigrieren mussten. Dann wird an 63 Kolleginnen und Kollegen erinnert, die Widerstand gegen die NS-Diktatur geleistet haben. Abschliesend sind 52 Falle der Deportation in ein Konzentrationslager oder ein Ghetto dokumentiert. Auch Uberlebende und Remigranten werden verzeichnet. Zu diesen Themen waren bisher kaum Fakten bekannt.Summary:Up to now it hasn’t been known exactly how many librarians became victims of the Nazi regime between 1933 and 1945 in the area of German control. As a result of a two-year research, 250 (mostly academic) librarians were identified as victims of the regime in Germany, Austria and in the occupied countries. There were 89 members of the Association of German Librarians (VDB) among them.The second part of this documentation starts with 131 exiles of librarians who had to leave their country. It continues with a commemoration of 63 librarians resisting NS-dictatorship in their professional or private lives. The paper closes with a documentation of 52 cases of deportation to a Nazi concentration camp or a ghetto. Surviving persons and remigrants are also listed. Very few facts were known about these topics until today.
Observing interaction: Recording behavioral sequences

Recording units: Events versus intervals The title of this chapter, Recording behavioral sequences, suggests two different but somewhat related topics. The chapter could deal primarily with mechanical matters and describe devices used to record data, or it could deal just with conceptual matters and describe different strategies for collecting data about behavior sequences. Actually, this chapter will be a mixture of both, although conceptual and strategic matters will be stressed. One important issue has already been raised by the example of the Bakeman and Brownlee (1980) study of parallel play in chapter 1, and that is the issue of “units.” Before selecting a particular recording strategy, an investigator needs first to decide what “units” are to be used for recording. As we use the term, the recording unit indentifies what prompts the observer to record, and usually is either an interval or an event. For example, an investigator might choose to code time intervals, as Bakeman and Brownlee did, assigning codes to successive time intervals. This is a common strategy, but for many purposes more accurate data result when the events themselves are coded instead. In such cases, observers wait for an event of interest to occur. When one occurs, they code it (i.e., note what kind of event it was) and perhaps record onset and offset times for the event as well. Which is better, to code events or to code intervals? That depends on a number of factors, including the kind and complexity of the coding scheme, the desired accuracy for the data, and the kind of recording equipment available.
The Various Linear Fractional Lévy Motions

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses several linear fractional Levy motions. Linear Fractional Levy motions are α-stable self-similar processes with stationary increments and a moving average representation. The representation involves two real parameters a and b. When α = 2, the processes are identical to the Gaussian fractional Brownian motion for all values of a and b. The chapter discusses how different values of the parameters a and b yield different processes when 0 < a < 2 and when the skewness intensity is not necessarily zero. Fractional Brownian motion, which was discovered by Kolmogorov, plays a fundamental role in the theory of self-similar processes.
The importance of combined 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring in the evaluation of children with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic usefulness of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance–pH (MII-pH) monitoring in children with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Design, setting and participants A prospective study including children in whom, due to LPR suggestive symptoms, MII-pH monitoring was performed at tertiary medical centre from February 2012 to July 2015. Interventions All included children underwent same diagnostic protocol which included examination by single pulmonologist and ENT specialist and underwent 24-hour MII-pH monitoring. Main outcomes Primary outcome was to determine MII-pH characteristics of the children in whom LPR was suspected based on symptoms and ENT examination. Results One hundred and four patients (mean age 8.9 years; range 0.4–17.9 years; male/female 57/47) participated in the study. In children with signs and symptoms suggestive of LPR, MII-pH monitoring found the median incidence of proximal gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) of 15 (range 0–129), proximal acidic GER of 6.5 (range 0–66) and weakly acidic GER of 5 (range 0–102). There were significant positive correlations between the number of GER (proximal total, acidic and weakly acid) with Reflux Finding Score, Reflux Symptom Index and presence of eosinophils in nasal swabs. The only endoscopy ENT finding which significantly correlated with total proximal GER, acid proximal GER and weakly acidic proximal GER was arytenoid hyperaemia. Conclusion Both acid and non-acid reflux seem to have a significant role in the pathogenesis of LPR.
A compression-based technique for comparing biological sequences

Comparing biological sequences represents one of the most important tools in computational biology. By comparing the sequences, we identify similar subsequences which may lead to the identification of structures as well as similar functions. Sequence alignment has been the method of choice for testing similarity and gained a lot of trust among researchers, though this method suffers some shortcomings. In particular, having repetitions in the input sequences often leads to inaccurate results, especially if these repetitions are dispersed overall the sequence. In this paper, we are conducting a study of alternative methods based on compression techniques, borrowed from information theory, to identify accurate comparison of the sequences. We test the proposed technique on various datasets and illustrate that they outperform alignment based methods in several cases.
The uncertain future of immigrant transnational organization

This volume pioneers in the study of immigrant transnational organizations by including eighteen different immigrant nationalities with organizations in the US and Europe. The case studies follow a...
Control of muscle formation by the fusogenic micropeptide myomixer

Skeletal muscle formation occurs through fusion of myoblasts to form multinucleated myofibers. From a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) loss-of-function screen for genes required for myoblast fusion and myogenesis, we discovered an 84–amino acid muscle-specific peptide that we call Myomixer. Myomixer expression coincides with myoblast differentiation and is essential for fusion and skeletal muscle formation during embryogenesis. Myomixer localizes to the plasma membrane, where it promotes myoblast fusion and associates with Myomaker, a fusogenic membrane protein. Myomixer together with Myomaker can also induce fibroblast-fibroblast fusion and fibroblast-myoblast fusion. We conclude that the Myomixer-Myomaker pair controls the critical step in myofiber formation during muscle development.
Rb family proteins enforce the homeostasis of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells by repressing Socs3 expression

Prolonged exit from quiescence by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) progressively impairs their homeostasis in the bone marrow through an unidentified mechanism. We show that Rb proteins, which are major enforcers of quiescence, maintain HSC homeostasis by positively regulating thrombopoietin (Tpo)-mediated Jak2 signaling. Rb family protein inactivation triggers the progressive E2f-mediated transactivation of Socs3, a potent inhibitor of Jak2 signaling, in cycling HSCs. Aberrant activation of Socs3 impairs Tpo signaling and leads to impaired HSC homeostasis. Therefore, Rb proteins act as a central hub of quiescence and homeostasis by coordinating the regulation of both cell cycle and Jak2 signaling in HSCs.
SHRec: Scalable Holistic Recommendation

The problem of recommending items to users is of high practical importance. For instance, many web services try to find relevant recommendations for the users, e.g., finding relevant movies, social-media friends, restaurants, shopping items, etc. The expansion of the Web and the ever-growing number of people who use web services render the problem of recommendation challenging. The Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH, for short) is the most known scalable technique for nearest-neighbor search in high dimensional data, and hence the LSH is widely used in most industrial recommendation systems. This paper presents an implementation of the LSH using Google's MapReduce engine. We apply the LSH to a real case study at Google, where we recommend for each web-host a set of outlinks based on the outlink similarity amongst the web-hosts. We identify some performance limitations of the LSH that occur due to specific properties in the data, and that become significant when the scale of the data is large. Furthermore, we present SHRec, a novel technique for scalable recommendation that addresses these performance limitations. Based on real deployment of both SHRec and LSH on Google's infrastructure, and using real data of the crawled Web at Google, where a sample host-level graph of 1.5 Billion web-hosts is extracted, we demonstrate that SHRec is more scalable than LSH. In particular, we show that SHRec is one order of magnitude faster than LSH while achieving better recommendation quality.
Managing real world venous leg ulcers with fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix: a single centre retrospective study

Objective: As compression treatment offers moderate improvement, especially to recurrent venous leg ulcers (VLUs), several alternative therapies using cellular based and/or tissue-derived products (CTPs) have emerged from bovine, porcine, and equine sources. Our aim was to look at the effect of a CTP in ‘real-life’ VLUs. Methods: This study looked at complex patients with chronic, large wounds in a single-centre retrospective review. All patients were treated with fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix (FBADM) for VLUs at our outpatient urban wound care programme. Results: A total of 40 wounds in 33 patients were analysed. At week four, 6% of wounds were closed; at week eight, 9% were closed; at week 12, 25% were closed; and at week 16, 38% of wounds were closed. The median time to wound closure was 67 days (range: 23–100 days) and the median percent wound closure through re-epithelialisation was 11% per week (range: 7–30% per week). At 4 weeks the median area reduction of all wounds was 23.5%, with 40% of ...
Assessing the forecast performance of models of choice

Abstract We often want to predict human behavior. It is well-known that the model that fits in-sample data best is not necessarily the model that forecasts (i.e. predicts out-of-sample) best, but we lack guidance on how to select a model for the purpose of forecasting. We illustrate the general issues and methods with the case of Rank-Dependent Expected Utility versus Expected Utility, using laboratory data and simulations. We find that poor forecasting performance is a likely outcome for typical laboratory sample sizes due to over-fitting. Finally we derive a decision-theory-based rule for selecting the best model for forecasting depending on the sample size.
The Classical African Concept of Maat and Human Communication

I arrive at this task of writing a chapter for Kehbuma Langmia’s project completely dumbfounded by the turn of events in the history of both African and American communication and the nature and level of discourse about what passes for news, for instance, and what is fake news. There is a crisis in the field of communication but it is brought on by a moral crisis deeply rooted in much of the Western world’s devotion to an ideology of domination (Schiller, Communication and Cultural Domination. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1975). I am convinced that the communication crisis in the West, begun in the United States with an imposition of cultural power, will continue to have serious implications for the African world. The reverberations will be at several levels such as ontological, axiological, ethical, and existential in the field of communication. What will be necessary is a return or a re-memory of the nature of African communication within the context of tradition, community, and values. This is why I am proposing a Maatic theory of communication grounded in the ancient classical African idea of ethics (Karenga, Maat: The Moral Ideal in Ancient Egypt. New York: Routledge, 2003; Asante, The African Pyramids of Knowledge. New York: Universal Write, 2016).
How to Create a Smart City: Future-Proofed Cities That Foster Growth and Innovation

As SMART CITY technology advances, smart cities around the world are maturing, and, with all of the critical components in place, even more cities are vying to become smart. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the driver of growth in this market, and a prediction by Cisco says that it will be a US$14.4 trillion industry by 2020 (Berthon 2015). The technologies for building a smart city are maturing, and the standards on which to build one have been proven in practice. Ultimately, for any city, the goal is to achieve substantial benefits for its citizens and to build a future-proofed platform that can scale with the projected growth of network end points and applications. That was once a formidable challenge, but, today, it's a realistic and realizable goal.
Hyperinflation of Vasopressors (Vasopressin, Norepinephrine, Ephedrine, etc).

Purpose:Hyperinflation refers to the increasing cost of drugs which occurs due to continued drug shortages and rebranding. Hyperinflation has significant implications in increasing overall healthca...
Bones of the Skull: A 3-D Learning Tool, QuickTime VR Anatomical Resources, and Yorick: The VR Skull

Bones of the Skull: A 3-D Learning Tool. Dispensa M, Duncan J, Moon J, Alessi S. Hardin Health Sciences Library, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 2000. Downloadable for free at www.lib.uiowa.edu/commons/skullvr/; CD-ROM version available for $6.00 plus shipping and handling. Recommended requirements for Macintosh: PowerPC 120 MHz or greater, 20 MB RAM available, QuickTime 3.0 or higher. Recommended requirements for Windows 95/NT/2000: Pentium II 200 MHz or greater, 32 MB RAM available, QuickTime 3.0 or higher.
Prophylactic antibiotics in pediatric orthopedic surgery: current practices

A limited survey of 90 orthopedic surgery programs throughout the U.S.A. was conducted to determine the use of prophylactic antibiotics in pediatric orthopedic operations. Prophylaxis was used most often in the Harrington rod procedure (80.7%); less often in hip (64.2%) and knee (44.7%) reconstructive surgery; rarely in meniscus repairs (8.0%) and in lengthening of Achilles tendons (2.3%). Cephalosporins (85%) were the antibiotics prescribed most frequently. The first dose was administered before surgery in 89.6% of the operations. Prophylaxis was discontinued within five days in 96% of the operations. These data provide a pattern of the use of prophylaxis in pediatric orthopedic surgery.
Redescription of six feather mite species of the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) from the “Édouard Louis Trouessart” Collection

Six feather mite species presently referred to the genus Proterothrix Gaud, 1968 (Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) were briefly described without being drawn by a French zoologist Edouard Louis Trouessart in the end of the 19th century. The type material used for description of these species is still preserved in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France). Based on this material, we provide detailed redescriptions, according to the modern format used for pterodectine mites, for the following species: Proterothrix diminuta (Trouessart, 1899), P. modesta (Trouessart, 1899), and P. phyllura (Trouessart, 1899) from Manucodia ater (Lesson) (Corvida: Paradisaeidae); P. emarginata (Trouessart, 1899) from M. chalybatus (J. R. Forster) (Corvida: Paradisaeidae); P. paradisiaca (Trouessart, 1885) from Paradisaea minor Shaw (Corvida: Paradisaeidae) and Sericulus chrysocephalus (Lewin) (Corvida: Ptilonorhynchidae); and P. xiphiura (Trouessart, 1885) from Psarisomus dalhousiae (Jameson) (Tyranni: Eurylaimidae). The lectotypes and paralectotypes have been designated herein for all examined species.
Further investigation of the application of deep learning for electromagnetic simulation prediction

Applications seeking to exploit electromagnetic scattering characteristics of an imaging or detection problem typically require a large number of electromagnetic simulations in order to understand relevant object phenomena. It has been shown in a previous work that deep learning may be used to increase the efficiency of creating such datasets by providing estimations comparable to simulation results. In this work, we further investigate the utility of deep learning for electromagnetic simulation prediction by adding to the existing training and testing dataset while also incorporating additional material properties. Specifically, we explore using artificial neural networks to learn the connection between a generic object and its resulting bistatic radar cross section, thereby removing the need to repeatedly perform timely simulations. While deep learning can be seen as a computationally expensive technique, this cost is only experienced during the training of the system and not subsequently in the acquisition of results. The goal of this work is to further investigate the applicability of deep learning for electromagnetic simulation prediction as well as its potential limitations. Additionally, performance is compared for different data pre-processing techniques focused on data reduction.
The Effect of Teacher-Child Race/Ethnicity Matching and Classroom Diversity on Children's Socioemotional and Academic Skills.

Mounting evidence suggests teacher-child race/ethnicity matching and classroom diversity benefit Black and Latinx children's academic and socioemotional development. However, less is known about whether the effects of teacher-child matching differ across levels of classroom diversity. This study examined effects of matching on teacher-reported child outcomes in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of teachers and children, and classroom diversity moderation using multilevel models. Data were drawn from a professional learning study involving 224 teachers (Mage = 41.5) and 5,200 children (Mage = 7.7) in 36 New York City elementary schools. Teacher-child race/ethnicity matching was associated with higher child engagement in learning, motivation, social skills, and fewer absences. Classroom diversity moderated matching such that teacher-child mismatch was related to lower engagement, motivation, social skills, math and reading scores in low-diversity classrooms, but not in high-diversity classrooms. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
Nonreciprocal Transmission in Nonlinear PT‐Symmetric Metamaterials Using Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Media Doped with Defects

Nonreciprocal transmission forms the basic operation mechanism of optical diodes and isolators and requires the tantalizing task of breaking the Lorentz reciprocity law. In this work, strong nonreciprocal transmission is demonstrated by using a compact nonlinear parity-time (PT) symmetric system based on epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials photonically doped with gain and loss defects and separated by an ultrathin air gap. The nonlinear response of this scalable configuration is triggered at relatively low optical intensities due to the strong electric field confinement in the defects. The extreme asymmetric field distribution achieved upon excitation from opposite incident directions, combined with the enhanced nonlinear properties of the proposed system, result in a pronounced self-induced nonreciprocal transmission. Cascade configurations with optimized geometrical dimensions are used to achieve self-induced nonreciprocal transmission with a maximum contrast, ideal for the design of new all-optical diodes. The presented robust nonreciprocal response occurs by operating at a frequency slightly shifted off the exceptional point but without breaking the PT-symmetric phase, different compared to previous works. The findings of this work can have a plethora of applications, such as nonreciprocal ultrathin coatings for the protection of sources or other sensitive equipment from external pulsed signals, circulators, and isolators.
Individualized Adaptive Radiation Therapy Allows for Safe Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Child-Turcotte-Pugh B Liver Disease.

Purpose Previous reports of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suggest unacceptably high rates of toxicity in patients with Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) B liver disease. We hypothesized that an individualized adaptive treatment approach based on midtreatment liver function would maintain good local control while limiting toxicity in this population. Methods and Materials Patients with CTP-B liver disease and HCC were treated on prospective trials of individualized adaptive SBRT between 2006 and 2018. Patients underwent pre- and midtreatment liver function assessments using indocyanine green. Treatment-related toxicity was defined as a ≥2-point increase in CTP score from pretreatment within 6 months of treatment. In addition, we performed analyses with a longitudinal model to assess changes in CTP score over 12 months after SBRT. Results Eighty patients with CTP-B (median tumor size, 2.5 cm) were treated: 37 patients were CTP-B-7, 28 were CTP-B-8, and 15 were CTP-B-9. The median treatment dose was 36 Gy in 3 fractions. One-year local control was 92%. In a multivariate model controlling for tumor size, treatment dose, and baseline CTP score, higher treatment dose was associated with improved freedom from local progression (hazard ratio: 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.00; P = .04). Eighteen patients (24%) had a ≥2-point increase in CTP score within 6 months of SBRT. In a longitudinal model assessing changes in CTP score over 12 months after SBRT, controlling for baseline CTP and tumor size, increasing mean liver dose was associated with larger increases in CTP score (P = .04). Conclusions An individualized adaptive treatment approach allows for acceptable toxicity and effective local control in patients with HCC and CTP-B liver disease. Because increasing dose may increase both local control and toxicity, further work is needed to optimize treatment in patients with compromised liver function.
Extending a focused attention paradigm to critically test for unconscious congruency effects

In a novel integration of research designs, we tested for unconscious perception effects at an unattended stimulus location using a focused attention paradigm (Lachter, J., Forster, K. I., & Ruthru...
Uncovering the mechanical, thermal, and chemical characteristics of biodegradable mushroom leather with intrinsic antifungal and antibacterial properties

The growing demand for a sustainable leather industry with a low environmental impact has prompted the development of alternative vegetable-based materials. In this study, a biodegradable mushroom-...
Kinderbrutanstalt and Kindchenschema: The Child Hatchery and the Psychology of Cute

Today, Coney Island is known for family fun andentertainment. But few people realize that at onetime it was home to the first infant incubators in thenation. By examining the history of these incubators, putting children on display without their directconsent, and the psychology of cute, the authorsdelve into the darker side of Coney Island’s history.
Frozen Sections in Neuropathology

Intraoperative histological analysis is critical to the evaluation of patients undergoing surgical treatment for diseases of the central nervous system. Whether it is to identify that lesional tissue has been obtained during a high-risk but necessary diagnostic procedure or to influence the surgeon’s attempted extent of resection on the basis of the likelihood that a particular entity might recur, the pathologist and neurosurgeon must often engage in a dialog that is riddled with caveats, limitations, and high-stress circumstances. In this single chapter, it would be impossible to cover all of the nuances of the neuropathological frozen section in any comprehensive way. Rather, the aim is to illustrate important conceptual considerations that can guide the pathologist to minimize error, maximize tissue utilization, and support the neurooncological team’s downstream management of the patient.
Composite anyons on a torus

An adiabatic approach put forward by Greiter and Wilczek interpolates between the integer quantum Hall effects of electrons and composite fermions by varying the statistical flux bound to electrons continuously from zero to an even integer number of flux quanta, such that the intermediate states represent anyons in an external magnetic field with the same ``effective'' integer filling factor. We consider such anyons on a torus, and we construct representative wave functions for their ground as well as excited states. These wave functions involve higher Landau levels in general, but can be explicitly projected into the lowest Landau level for many parameters. We calculate the variational energy gap between the first excited state and the ground state, and we find that it remains open as the statistical phase is varied. Finally, we obtain from these wave functions, both analytically and numerically, various topological quantities, such as the ground-state degeneracy, the Chern number, and the Hall viscosity.
High-frequency assessment of air and water quality at a concentration animal feeding operation during wastewater application to spray fields.

Abstract Air and water quality at a concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) in Eastern North Carolina that uses a covered lagoon and anaerobic digester was evaluated for 2 weeks in August 2020. Real-time PM2.5 mass concentrations were determined using a reference ADR-1500 nephelometer and high-frequency measurements of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) were evaluated using autonomously logging sensors. Air and water quality parameters were assessed before, during and after wastewater from the lagoon was irrigated onto adjacent spray fields. Reference measurements were conducted alongside a HOBO weather station to collect real-time wind speed and direction, temperature, and humidity measurements. PM2.5 concentrations varied between 0 and 159 μg/m3 with an average concentration of 11 μg/m3, below EPA standard for secondary aerosols of 15 μg/m3. Higher PM2.5 concentrations were observed when wind originated from swine barns but not from covered lagoons. Water quality data showed that DIN concentrations downgradient from the CAFO were elevated relative to upstream concentrations. A groundwater seep that drains a spray field contained the highest average DIN concentration (31.0 ± 12.8 mg L−1), which was 25 times greater than upstream DIN concentrations (1.2 ± 0.8 mg L−1). Average DIN concentration at the downstream station was lower than the seep concentration (8.6 ± 16.2 mg L−1), but approximately 8 times greater than upstream. Air quality data show that the lagoon cover was effective at mitigating air quality degradation, whereas DIN concentrations in water were similar to previous studies on CAFOs using open lagoons. In addition, air and water quality parameters were significantly (p
Black or Right: Anti/Racist Campus Rhetorics: by Louis M. Maraj, Logan, Utah State University Press, 2020, 193 pp., $25.95 (paperback)

Black or Right: Anti/Racist Campus Rhetorics is a major intervention into an evolving inter-disciplinary conversation occurring at the intersection between rhetoric and communication, Black studies...
The Folklore of the Freeway: Race and Revolt in the Modernist City, by Eric Avila

The freeway is a premier icon of the modernist city, towering over the landscape and serving as an emblem of the autocentric city. The national highway system has long interested historians as a sy...
An upper bound for positive solutions of the equation Δ

In 2002 Mselati proved that every positive solution of the equation ∆u = u2 in a bounded domain of class C4 is the limit of an increasing sequence of moderate solutions. (A solution is called moderate if it is dominated by a harmonic function.) As a part of his proof, he established an upper bound (in terms of the capacity of K) for solutions vanishing off a compact subset K of ∂E. We use a different kind of capacity (we call it the Poisson capacity) and we establish in terms of this capacity an upper bound for solutions of ∆u = uα with 1 < α ≤ 2. This is a part of the program: to classify all positive solutions of this equation.
Potential applications of growth hormone in promoting immune reconstitution

Abstract With the increasing use of bone marrow transplantation, (BMT) in cancer and in the advent of AIDS, it has been realized that successful reconstitution of the immune system of the adult is of paramount concern. Naive T cell production in the host requires T cell development in the thymus of the adult. Due to the impairment of thymus function with age, there has been renewed interest in utilizing neuroendocrine hormones (i.e. growth hormone or GH) to restore thymopoietic function. GH has been previously demonstrated to improve T cell function and affect thymopoiesis in mice. Recent studies indicate that GH is not an obligate growth factor for thymopoiesis but instead acts to counteract the effects of stress on the thymus. Thus, GH may be of potential use to enhance thymus function and T cell repopulation, particularly after myeloablative procedures such as BMT or where peripheral T cell pools are depleted as in AIDS.
The Dawn of Cosmopolitan Denizenship

A major conclusion of Linda Bosniak's careful review of contemporary trends and arguments is that, while citizenship as we know it is still firmly anchored in the nation-State, this is no longer the whole story.1 Acknowledging that it is imprudent to exaggerate the extent to which specific regional developments such as the emergence of a quasi-European citizenship deviate from the mold, since the European status is conditional upon discrete national membership, Bosniak insists that it is also misguided to willfully ignore an array of contemporary developments moving the realities of citizenship beyond the traditional conception. Something worth paying attention to is definitely going on, but what, precisely, does it amount to? While largely agreeing with Bosniak's overall stance and most of the particulars of her analysis, I believe that more can be done to "denaturalize" the citizenship and nation-State linkage by examining its historical matrix and considering to what extent the conditions that spawned it have changed in the intervening period. Of course, a change in conditions does not of itself warrant relinquishing an important institution; but a consideration of the altered context is likely to elucidate the institution's limitations and hence contribute to a more informed consideration of possible modifications and alternatives. What I bluntly term "the hypernationalist version of citizenship" is a relatively recent institution, formed largely in response to tensions induced by distinct, but interactive, processes around the turn of the twentieth century.
Social, Institutional, and Behavioral Explanations of Consumption and Borrowing of Low-Income Households: Theory and Policy Remedies

This paper discusses the clear and important role of social, institutional, and psychological factors in the behavior of low-income households, and the paper makes direct arguments in favor of policy interventions to alleviate some the challenges of these households in that context. Qualitative focus group evidence and findings on the current behaviors of low-income families are provided to support and motivate this perspective on consumption, particularly in poor communities. While the data is drawn from a specific region, the observations and findings could be generalized to other communities after accounting for different cultural and social characteristics. In summary, this research provides a more in-depth understanding of the challenges confronted by low-income individuals at achieving their economic objectives and desires for lives of basic dignity, explores both economic and non-economic motivations, and provides insights that might allow for useful modifications of models and policy deliberation.
Chapter 1 Trauma and Aging

Abstract Traumatic events, which may occur at any time during the life cycle, cut across all boundaries of age, race, nationality, culture, gender and class. Many older adults have endured trauma, but have been differentially affected by their experiences. This paper defines stress, trauma and post-traumatic stress reactions; explores issues of trauma and aging; enumerates elderly populations at risk; and considers ways in which social workers can incorporate a trauma framework into their practice with older adults.
Predicting Change in Student Motivation by Measuring Cohesion between Tutor and Student

We apply a previously reported measure of dialog cohesion to a corpus of spoken tutoring dialogs in which motivation was measured. We find that cohesion significantly predicts changes in student motivation, as measured with a modified MSLQ instrument. This suggests that non-intrusive dialog measures can be used to measure motivation during tutoring.
Observations On Blood Pressure Measurements In High-School Athletes

The purpose of this study is to identify possible evidence of hypertension in athletic adolescents. In addition to sex and age, the effects of various physical factors that may influence blood pressure are measured. The data were collected from the annual screening physicals of local high-school athletic program participants. Nine of the 11 measured physical factors account for 10 percent to 20 percent of the variability in blood pressure measurements. These include age, weight, height, pulse, quadriceps girth, heel cord flexibility, jump reach, hang time, and grip strength. These variables are incorporated into formulae that adjust the range of "normal" values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure to reduce the effects of these confounding factors, thereby increasing the accuracy of the "normal" or "hypertensive" determination for each individual.
Specialization in the Woolen and Worsted Industry

The different kinds of specialization, 68. — The woolen and worsted processes described and compared, 69. — Relative growth of the woolen and worsted branches, and their geographical distribution, 70. — Census figures showing the degree of specialization in each branch, 72. — Discussion of these figures, 74. — The organization of the industry in the United States compared with that in England, 78. — In France, 81. — In Germany, 82. — The reasons assigned by Professor Clapham for greater specialization in the worsted than in the woolen branch, 84. — Worsted fabrics and yarns "standardized"; woolen fabrics and yarns of such varying character as to preclude standardization, 86. — Other reasons for greater specialization in the wrorsted branch, 88. — The reasons why wool-combing is not so highly specialized in the United States as in England, 90. — The tendency toward greater specialization in wool-combing, 94.
Stellar Evolution in Blue Populous Clusters of the Small Magellanic Cloud and the Problems of Envelope Semiconvection and Convective Core Overshooting

New theoretical evolutionary sequences of models for stars with low metallicities, appropriate to the Small Magellanic Cloud, are derived with both standard Cox-Stewart opacities and the new Rogers-Iglesias opacities. Only those sequences with little or no convective core overshooting are found to be capable of reproducing the two most critical observations: the maximum effective temperature displayed by the hot evolved stars and the difference between the average bolometric magnitudes of the hot and cool evolved stars. An upper limit to the ratio of the mean overshoot distance beyond the classical Schwarzschild core boundary to the local pressure scale height is set at 0.2. It is inferred from the frequency of cool supergiants in NGC 330 that the Ledoux criterion, rather than the Schwarzschild criterion, for convection and semiconvection in the envelopes of massive stars is strongly favored. Residuals from the fitting for NGC 330 suggest the possibility of fast interior rotation in the stars of this cluster. NGC 330 and NGC 458 have ages of about 3 x 10 exp 7 and about 1 x 10 exp 8 yr, respectively.
The association of tongue scalloping with obstructive sleep apnea and related sleep pathology.

Objective The association between OSAS and patient history and physical exam findings is previously established; however, to our knowledge there are no studies that evaluate the role of tongue scalloping as a reliable clinical indicator for OSA, snoring, or the presence of other sleep pathology as evidenced by polysomnography. This study evaluates the hypothesis that such an association exists. Subjects and methods Sixty-one otolaryngology clinic patients were evaluated by history and physical exam for the presence and degree of tongue scalloping, snoring, and other previously established clinical indicators for sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive apnea. Twenty-five of the 61 study patients were additionally evaluated by overnight polysomnography to provide conclusive diagnosis of sleep pathology. The degree of tongue scalloping was graded from 0 to 3 and its significance as a screening, diagnostic, and predictive factor for sleep pathology was then statistically determined. Results Twenty-seven patients (44%) had known or newly documented OSA and 47 (77%) had a history of snoring. Twenty-seven patients (44%) had some degree of tongue scalloping (1-3) and 74% of these patients were male. The presence of any degree of tongue scalloping (grade 1-3) in patients with known or newly documented OSA showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 52%, 68%, 70%, and 50% respectively. The presence of tongue scalloping in patients with either known snoring history or newly documented snoring showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 47%, 64%, 81%, and 26% respectively. Presence of tongue scalloping was 71% specific for abnormal sleep efficiency ( 5), and 86% specific for nocturnal desaturation >4% below baseline. Presence of tongue scalloping also showed PPV of 67% for abnormal AHI, 89% for apnea or hypopnea, and 89% for nocturnal desaturation. Presence and severity of tongue scalloping showed positive correlation with increasing Mallampati and modified Mallampati airway classification. Conclusions In high-risk patients we found tongue scalloping to be predictive of sleep pathology. Tongue scalloping was also associated with pathologic polysomnography data and abnormal Mallampati grades. We feel the finding of tongue scalloping is a useful clinical indicator of sleep pathology and that its presence should prompt the physician to inquire about snoring history. EBM rating C
Does arginine remain protonated in the lipid membrane? Insights from microscopic pKa calculations.

Free energy perturbation calculations are carried out to estimate the effective pKa of an arginine (Arg) sidechain as a function of its location in the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer. Similar to previous all-atom simulations of the voltage sensor domain of a potassium channel in the membrane with charged Arg residues, the membrane and water structures deform to stabilize the charge of the Arg analog. As a result, the computed pKa is >7 throughout the membrane although the value is very close to 7 near the center of the bilayer. With additional stabilizations from negatively charged amino acids or lipid molecules, it is reasonable to expect that Arg in membrane proteins (once in the membrane) can adopt the protonated state despite the low dielectric nature of the bulk lipid membrane.
Anxiety mediates the effect of acute stress on working memory performance when cortisol levels are high: a moderated mediation analysis.

Background: Anxiety is an aversive emotional state characterized by perceived uncontrollability and hypervigilance to threat that can frequently cause disruptions in higher-order cognitive processes like working memory. The attentional control theory (ACT) predicts that anxiety negatively affects the working memory system. Design: This study tested the association between anxiety and working memory after the addition of stress and measured the glucocorticoid, cortisol. To better understand this relationship, we utilized a moderated mediation model. Methods: Undergraduate students from a public university (N = 103) self-reported their anxiety levels. Participants first completed a short-term memory test. During and after a forehead cold pressor task (stress vs. control procedure) participants completed a working memory test. Salivary cortisol was taken at baseline and after the last working memory test. Results: Overall, acute stress had no effect on working memory. However, we found that anxiety levels me...
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 103

Abstract The 1961 version of the Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 103 has been revised on the basis of experimental data received prior to March 1, 1974. Information from approximately 150 papers and communications has been included in the present evaluation. Data on nine A = 103 nuclei are presented. The compilers regard the assignment of fission-fragment γ-rays to 103Zr and 103Nb as uncertain, and no measurements on the decay of these nuclei have been made. The half-lives of 103Mo and 103Cd are known, but no decay schemes have been proposed. The compilers propose a decay scheme for 103Tc based mainly on unpublished measurements, but further work is needed to determine absolute transition intensities and the decay energy. The decay schemes for 103Ru, 103Pd, and 103Ag appear to be well established on the basis of extensive but mainly unpublished results. The spins of a few low-lying levels in 103Ru are determined by single-nucleon transfer reactions. Spin assignments have been made for most low-lying levels in the stable nucleus 103Rh from 103Ru decay, 103Pd decay, and Coulomb excitation. The spins of many levels in 103Pd have been determined from extensive unpublished results in 103Ag decay, single-nucleon transfer reactions, and in-beam γ-ray studies. Only one excited level is known in 103Ag. For papers concerned with nuclear structure theory for A = 103 nuclei, see 66Sh18, 72Ku25, 73Bo16, and 73Im01.
Electronic structure and magnetic properties of CeSn3

Abstract A simple band model is proposed to explain the neutron magnetic form factor and many other properties of the mixed valence compound CeSn 3 . The model is not supported by band calculation, and this suggests that the one electron approximation is probably not valid for mixed valence systems.
Commentary on Clahsen and Felser

In this article, the authors lay out an impressive body of evidence that supports two main claims. First, they favor the continuity hypothesis, according to which children's parsing mechanisms are essentially the same as adults'. Parsing strategies change little over time, and those changes that occur are attributed to differences in lexical processing efficiency and working memory capacity. Second, they suggest that there are substantial differences in the parsing strategies adopted by native speakers and adult learners of second languages.
A gentle, geometric introduction to copositive optimization

This paper illustrates the fundamental connection between nonconvex quadratic optimization and copositive optimization--a connection that allows the reformulation of nonconvex quadratic problems as convex ones in a unified way. We focus on examples having just a few variables or a few constraints for which the quadratic problem can be formulated as a copositive-style problem, which itself can be recast in terms of linear, second-order-cone, and semidefinite optimization. A particular highlight is the role played by the geometry of the feasible set.
Second-Generation Pessimism and Optimism: How Chinese and Dominicans Understand Education and Mobility Through Ethnic and Transnational Orientations

Higher education is crucial to the outcomes of the second generation. This paper explores the contrasting views second-generation Dominicans and Chinese have on their educational trajectories and social mobility. Drawing on interviews with individuals who have gone on to college, I argue that the optimism of the Dominicans emerges from their use of both transnational and ethnic/panethnic perspectives. The Dominicans believe they are doing better than peers in the Dominican Republic and in the United States. The pessimism of the Chinese can be traced to their use of ethnic/panethnic frames of comparison. The Chinese believe they are faring worse than peers in the United States. The results complicate segmented assimilation and transnationalism theories.
Dynamic immiscible displacement mechanisms in pore doublets: Theory versus experiment

Abstract This paper presents a critical analysis of the immiscible displacement mechanisms at the pore level with the aid of the so-called “pore doublet model” (PDM), a parallel arrangement of small- and large-diameter capillary tubes. The PDM has been used by a number of investigators in past studies as an idealized model of the pore structure for the interpretation of the trapping of one phase by another immiscible phase during immiscible displacements in permeable porous media. The emphasis has been on the entrapment of oil under various conditions of waterflooding and on the distribution of the immiscible phases in the porous media in both drainage type and imbibition type of displacements. The results of this paper are not in agreement with some of the conclusions reached previously by other authors. Theoretical considerations of the motion of fluid-fluid interfaces in pore doublets are presented. These considerations are supported by the results of displacement experiments carried out in transparent capillary micromodels of pore doublets and pore multiplets connected in series. Some of the basic laws of immiscible displacement in pore doublets have been discovered and are described. These establish a hierarchy of displacement from various, different branches of a pore doublet or pore multiplet as the fluid-fluid interfaces advance from one node of the PDM to the next node downstream. The only factor that determines the entrapment of the wetting phase is the pore structure, whereas the entrapment of the nonwetting phase is determined by (i) the pore structure, (ii) the magnitude of capillary forces in relation to the magnitude of viscous forces, and (iii) under strongly wetting conditions, the mobility of the wetting phase in the form of bulk liquid films which, in the case of irregular pore cross sections and neck-bulge-neck type of pore arrangements, as a result of the instability of the liquid films, give rise to the snap-off of the nonwetting phase at pore constrictions ahead of the leading fluid-fluid interfaces.