cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient increase in release of adenosine during rapid cardiac pacing; transient effects on overdrive suppression of ventricular automaticity

A study was designed to test the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine concentration may increase during episodes of rapid ventricular pacing and, by virtue of its negative chronotropic effects, contribute to the transient suppression of automaticity that follows the period of overdrive. Isolated, perfused, rat ventricular preparations were subjected to periods of 6.0 Hz overdrive stimulation while adenosine release, oxygen consumption, and subsequent suppression of automaticity were measured. At the end of a 1 min episode of overdrive oxygen consumption and adenosine release were significantly increased, and the initial beating rate after 1 min overdrive was suppressed. At the end of 10 min overdrive oxygen consumption was still increased but adenosine release had returned to control values. Suppression of automaticity after 10 min overdrive was similar to that after 1 min overdrive. The relative magnitude of suppression after 1 min overdrive was decreased by theophylline (10(-4) mol.litre-1), and increased by the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, EHNA (10(-5) mol.litre-1). Neither theophylline nor EHNA had any discernible influence on suppression after 10 min overdrive. It its therefore concluded that endogenous adenosine may contribute to the suppression of ventricular automaticity that follows a 1 min episode of overdrive, but because of the transient nature of the increase in adenosine during overdrive endogenous adenosine does not contribute to the suppression that follows prolonged overdrive.
Scattering Model with Crossing Symmetry and Minimal Inelastic Effects

The iterative method of solving the dispersion relations and unitarity relations for the two-body scattering amplitude of a neutral scalar field is investigated. A consistent and nontrivial approximating scheme is obtained by incorporating enough inelastic effects that crossing symmetry is maintained at every stage of calculations. If one has initially a twice-subtracted dispersion relation, it can be shown that because of crossing symmetry, the subtraction term linear in $s$, $t$, and $u$ cannot be present, so that it is sufficient to start the iteration process by just one subtraction. The unitarity relations are simplified by taking the scattering particle to have zero mass. Questions concerning infrared divergencies and convergency properties in iterating the single and double density functions are fully discussed. At low energies, the amplitude is given by the first few iterations, which will be carried out explicitly to fourth order. Higher orders of iteration can be carried out in a straightforward but increasingly tedious manner. We study the behavior of the scattering amplitude in the high-energy region, where $s$, $t$, and $u$ are all large in magnitude, while the scattering angles are held at fixed values. The leading terms of the scattering amplitude and its spectral functions are obtained for each order of iteration, and the resulting leading series are subsequently summed into closed forms for weak coupling. The ratio of the elastic cross section to the total cross section is also obtained in the same region. The result indicates that the amount of inelastic effects being included is considerable.
Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) recruit Parkin to defective mitochondria to promote mitochondrial autophagy.

Mutations in the ubiquitin ligase Parkin and the serine/threonine kinase PINK1 can cause Parkinson disease. Both proteins function in the elimination of defective mitochondria by autophagy. In this process, activation of PINK1 mediates translocation of Parkin from the cytosol to mitochondria by an unknown mechanism. To better understand how Parkin is targeted to defective mitochondria, we purified affinity-tagged Parkin from mitochondria and identified Parkin-associated proteins by mass spectrometry. The three most abundant interacting proteins were the voltage-dependent anion channels 1, 2, and 3 (VDACs 1, 2, and 3), pore-forming proteins in the outer mitochondrial membrane. We demonstrate that Parkin specifically interacts with VDACs when the function of mitochondria is disrupted by treating cells with the proton uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p-chlorophenylhydrazone. In the absence of all three VDACs, the recruitment of Parkin to defective mitochondria and subsequent mitophagy are impaired. Each VDAC is sufficient to support Parkin recruitment and mitophagy, suggesting that VDACs can function redundantly. We hypothesize that VDACs serve as mitochondrial docking sites to recruit Parkin from the cytosol to defective mitochondria.
Evolution of Acetoclastic Methanogenesis in Methanosarcina via Horizontal Gene Transfer from Cellulolytic Clostridia

Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that two genes required for acetoclastic methanogenesis, ackA and pta, were horizontally transferred to the ancestor of Methanosarcina from a derived cellulolytic organism in the class Clostridia. This event likely occurred within the last 475 million years, causing profound changes in planetary methane biogeochemistry.
Personality traits in schizophrenia and related personality disorders

We investigated whether schizophrenia spectrum disorders share common personality characteristics or traits. Participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) or with a schizophrenia spectrum personality disorder (schizophrenia spectrum PD: schizoid, paranoid, and schizotypal personality disorder) were compared with non-psychiatric control subjects on the five-factor model of personality and the psychosis-proneness scales. On the five-factor personality scales, SZ subjects showed higher levels of neuroticism, and lower levels of openness, agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness than control subjects. Higher scores on openness and lower scores on neuroticism distinguished schizophrenia spectrum PD from SZ. On the psychosis-proneness scales, both PD and SZ participants scored high relative to non-psychiatric control participants on magical ideation and perceptual aberration, while PD participants scored intermediate between non-psychiatric control participants and SZ on social anhedonia. Discriminant analysis indicated that schizophrenia spectrum patients could be distinguished from PDs by more severe social withdrawal and maladjustment, while subjects with PDs could be best distinguished from control subjects on the basis of odd or novel ideation and decreased conscientiousness.
Cell-level placement for improving substrate thermal distribution

The dramatic increase of power consumption in very large scale integration circuits has led to high operating temperature and large thermal gradient, thereby resulting in serious timing and reliability concerns. Temperature-tracking is thus becoming of paramount importance in modern electronic design automation (EDA) tools. In this paper we present two thermal placement tools for standard cell and macro cell design styles respectively. They are aimed at reducing hot spots in a design without compromising traditional design metrics such as area and wire length. We developed a compact substrate thermal model that can be used by the placer to calculate the temperature profile of a placement efficiently, or to convert the user-specified temperature constraint into the corresponding power distribution constraint as an alternative placement objective. As a result, our method is much more efficient than directly employing temperature profile simulation during the placement process. The simulation results show noticeable improvement of thermal distribution over the traditional placement algorithm, with little impact on area and wire length of the final layout.
Transfer and expression of the human multiple drug resistance gene into live mice.

Abstract The human multiple drug resistance (MDR) gene has been used as a selectable marker to increase the proportion of bone marrow cells that contain and express this gene by drug selection. By constructing retroviral vectors containing and expressing the MDR gene and a nonselectable gene such as the beta-globin gene, enrichment for cells containing both of these genes can be achieved. A retroviral construct containing MDR cDNA in a Harvey virus-based vector has been used to transfect our ecotropic 3T3 retroviral packaging line GP+E86. Clones have been isolated by exposure of the retrovirally transfected cells (MDR producer cells) to colchicine (60 ng/ml), a selective agent that kills MDR-negative cells. Flow cytometry analysis (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) with an antibody to MDR demonstrates expression of human MDR protein on the surface of these colchicine-resistant producer clones. Untransfected GP+E86 cells are negative. Colchicine-resistant clones were titered using clone supernatants and the highest titer clone (4 x 10(4) viral particles per ml) was cocultured with 10(6) donor mouse bone marrow cells for 24-48 hr. The donor cells were then injected into congenic irradiated mice, and the presence of the MDR gene was assayed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using MDR-specific primers. In one experiment eight of nine transduced mice were positive for MDR by PCR of peripheral blood 14 and 50 days posttransplantation; after 240 days three of nine transduced mice were positive. Bone marrow obtained from one of these positive animals was stained with the MDR monoclonal antibody and the granulocyte population was analyzed by FACS. Approximately 14% of the total granulocyte pool contain increased levels of MDR protein. In addition, the bone marrow cells of several mice initially positive for MDR gene by PCR, and subsequently negative, were exposed to taxol, a drug whose detoxification depends on MDR gene expression; a positive signal was obtained in all of these mice, indicating drug selection of MDR-positive marrow cells. Cell sorting studies of these mice also show an increased number of high-MDR-expressing marrow cells, selected after exposure to taxol. Thus, in this live animal model MDR transduction is effective in selecting a human MDR-expressing population of marrow cells resistant to taxol chemotherapy. This strategy may, thus, be useful in humans to prevent the marrow toxicity induced by anticancer agents such as taxol and as a selectable marker to enrich for cells simultaneously transduced with a nonselectable gene.
Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena in High Temperature Steam Electrolysis Cells

Hydrogen can be produced from water splitting with relatively high efficiency using high temperature electrolysis. This technology makes use of solid-oxide cells, running in the electrolysis mode to produce hydrogen from steam, while consuming electricity and high temperature process heat. The overall thermal-to-hydrogen efficiency for high temperature electrolysis can be as high as 50%, which is about double the overall efficiency of conventional low-temperature electrolysis. Current large-scale hydrogen production is based almost exclusively on steam reforming of methane, a method that consumes a precious fossil fuel while emitting carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. An overview of high temperature electrolysis technology will be presented, including basic thermodynamics, experimental methods, heat and mass transfer phenomena, and computational fluid dynamics modeling.
Prospective study of dietary pattern and risk of Parkinson disease

Background Several studies have shown associations between Parkinson Disease (PD) risk and individual foods and nutrients with inconsistent results.
Colorectal Intramucosal Perikarya of Ganglion Cells

It generally is believed that perikarya of ganglion cells in the human colorectum are confined to plexuses that lie deep to the mucosa, and that intramucosal perikarya are rare. We retrospectively reviewed 100 specimens from biopsies of normal and abnormal mucosa to further characterize intramucosal perikarya. The presence of intramucosal perikarya, their number, location, and grouping were recorded. Twenty-one specimens (21.0%) contained intramucosal perikarya. Intramucosal perikarya occurred throughout the colorectum in the muscularis mucosae or lamina propria and in normal mucosa, acute self-limited colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, cytomegalovirus-associated colitis, hyperplastic polyps, tubular adenomas, and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. In some specimens, intramucosal perikarya morphologically resembled microgranulomas or cytomegalovirus-infected cells. We demonstrated that intramucosal perikarya of ganglion cells are surprisingly common in normal and abnormal mucosa. Awareness of intramucosal perikarya is necessary to avoid confusion with microgranulomas or cytomegalovirus-infected cells.
Inorganic phosphate nanorods are a novel fluorescent label in cell biology

We report the first use of inorganic fluorescent lanthanide (europium and terbium) ortho phosphate [LnPO4·H2O, Ln = Eu and Tb] nanorods as a novel fluorescent label in cell biology. These nanorods, synthesized by the microwave technique, retain their fluorescent properties after internalization into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), 786-O cells, or renal carcinoma cells (RCC). The cellular internalization of these nanorods and their fluorescence properties were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy (FS), differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At concentrations up to 50 μg/ml, the use of [3H]-thymidine incorporation assays, apoptosis assays (TUNEL), and trypan blue exclusion illustrated the non-toxic nature of these nanorods, a major advantage over traditional organic dyes
TECHNOLOGIES FOR PLANNING RAILROAD TRACK MAINTENANCE AND RENEWAL

Rail continues to be an important transportation mode. Like other transportation infrastructure, maintenance and replacement are critical to ensure safe, efficient operation. Research and developme...
A pandeid hydrozoan, Amphinema sp., new and probably introduced to central California: life history, morphology, distribution and systematics

A pandeid hydrozoan new to California, Amphinema sp., was collected in 1998 as a hydroid living on the non-indigenous bryozoan, Watersipora "subtorquata", attached to floats in Bodega Harbor 80 km north of San Francisco Bay. The hydroid was cultured in the laboratory and medusae it released were raised to maturity. No species name could be assigned because although the hydroid colony structure and morphology of the polyp most closely resemble descriptions of Amphinema rugosum, the immature and adult medusae best resemble A. dinema. These two described species are known from widely-spaced locations worldwide including Europe (British Isles and the Mediterranean), New England, the Caribbean, east Africa, India, Japan and China, implying that they may transport easily between sites by man's activities. Such wide-spread distributions of both species, coupled with the notable absence of Amphinema sp. from Bodega Harbor during a number of previous field surveys in the 1970's, strongly intimates that Amphinema sp. has been introduced from elsewhere into Bodega Harbor during the past 25 years. Two additional species of Amphinema medusae present on the west coast of North America are discussed.
Transformation and Trouble: Crime, Justice, and Participation in Democratic South Africa

Transformation and Trouble: Crime, Justice, and Participation in Democratic South Africa. By Diana Gordon. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2006. 400p. $78.00 cloth, $28.95 paper. When the African National Congress (ANC) took power in South Africa after the first open elections in 1994, the goals of its leaders were ambitious: In addition to securing liberal rights and institutions, the party sought to address the socioeconomic needs of an impoverished population and deepen mass participation in the public sphere. In its own words, it pursued transformation : not just the transition to democracy, but the deepening and enriching of democracy that comes with true consolidation. Diana Gordon's magisterial book tracks the country's progress in one aspect of transformation: the reform of the criminal justice system. As Gordon suggests, the criminal justice system was an obvious institution to tackle: The police and courts had been the frontline enforcers of apartheid's laws. Furthermore, geared around defending the racial hierarchy instead of crime control, the existing system struggled mightily to deal with epic levels of violent crime besieging the new democracy. Only through the complete reform of these institutions could the country achieve democratic consolidation and secure the peace. In assessing South Africa's successes and failures in pursuing justice-system reform, the author makes important contributions to various literatures, including the study of criminal justice, deliberative democracy, democratization, and South African politics.
Cognitive Engagement and Cognitive Aging: Is Openness Protective?

The purpose of this study was to examine whether openness to experience is related to longitudinal change in cognitive performance across advancing age. Participants were 857 individuals from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA). Factors for 5 cognitive domains were created, including verbal ability, spatial ability, memory, processing speed, and a global score, g. Latent growth curve models were used to assess level and longitudinal trajectories of cognitive performance. It was hypothesized that individuals who endorsed higher levels of openness would have higher cognitive test scores and lesser rates of cognitive decline. As predicted, higher openness to experience was associated with significantly higher performance across all cognitive tests for both men and women even after adjusting for education, cardiovascular disease, and activities of daily living. Openness, however, was not predictive of differences in the trajectories of cognitive performance over age.
Neutrophil degranulation and phospholipase D activation are enhanced if the Na+/H+ antiport is blocked.

Neutrophils phagocytize high-valency im- mune complexes (HIC) by an Fc receptor-mediated mechanism. Engaging Fc receptors in this manner induces PMN to generate superoxide and release the contents of both their specific and azurophilic gran- ules. Signaling events that precede and accompany PMN secretion include activation of phospholipase D (PLD), as well as changes in cytoplasmic (Ca 21 ) (D(Ca 21 )in) and pH (DpHin). Although the role of PLD and D(Ca 21 )in in mediating Fc receptor-mediated PMN secretion has been studied, whether pHin plays a regu- latory role has not yet been defined. HIC-stimulated PMN undergo an intracellular acidification followed by a prolonged Na 1 /H 1 antiport-mediated alkalinization. To investigate the role of the pH transient in controlling degranulation, the Na 1 /H 1 antiport was inhibited ei- ther with 100 mM dimethylamiloride (DMA) or by substituting N-methyl-glucamine for extracellular so- dium. Blocking the antiport with DMA led to hyper- acidified PMN, which exhibited an increase in degranu- lation, but did not affect generation of superoxide. DMA did not alter the ability of neutrophils to phagocy- tose and oxidize dichlorodihydrofluoresceinated HIC, suggesting the increase in degranulation was not the result of failed phagocytosis. Investigation into whether the observed increase in degranulation when the anti- port was blocked was mediated by PLD or D(Ca 21 )in revealed that blocking the antiport increased HIC- induced PLD activity but had no effect on HIC- induced D(Ca 21 )in. Blocking the Na 1 /H 1 antiport by ion substitution caused similar effects on PMN signal- ing and secretion as was seen with DMA. These results indicate that Na 1 /H 1 antiport activity is not necessary for degranulation or superoxide release in HIC- stimulated PMN and that hyperacidification of the cytoplasm can modulate degranulation. Therefore, pHin, via its effect on PLD, may be a control point of degranulation and may represent one way that neutro- phils achieve differential control of their antibacterial products. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 98-103; 1998.
A Novel Association of Neuropilin-1 and MUC1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Role in Induction of VEGF Signaling and Angiogenesis

A novel association of neuropilin-1 and MUC1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: role in induction of VEGF signaling and angiogenesis
Automated Delineation of Stream Centerlines for the USGS National Hydrography Dataset

An algorithm is presented for creating a continuous centerline utilized in base mapping with the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). This research is part of ongoing efforts to fully automate generalization processing for use on the NHD as part of planned updates to The National Map maintained by the USGS. For cartographic purposes, it is necessary to delineate a hydrographic centerline feature which is appropriately continuous and represents the visual main channel of any basin. The algorithm is placed within the context of a generalization routine for a NHD highresolution subbasin. The solution described here presents a more closely geometric approach to centerline delineation since the NHD does not store centerline attribution explicitly in its database. For validation, the algorithm is tested on several NHD subbasins and evaluated for completeness by creating a flowline network of the delineated centerline. Final results indicate successful centerline extraction with further testing planned on larger datasets.
Effects of Extended π-Conjugation in Phenanthroline (N∧N) and Phenylpyridine (C∧N) Ligands on the Photophysics and Reverse Saturable Absorption of Cationic Heteroleptic Iridium(III) Complexes

Five new iridium(III) complexes (3,8-R-Phen)Ir(2-(3-R′-phenyl)pyridine)2 (1, R = fluoren-2-yl, R′ = H; 2, R = 7-benzothiazolylfluoren-2-yl, R′ = H; 3, R = H, R′ = fluoren-2-yl; 4, R = H, R′ = 7-benzothiazolylfluoren-2-yl; 5, R = R′ = 7-benzothiazolylfluoren-2-yl) with fluoren-2-yl or 7-benzothiazolylfluoren-2-yl substituent on the 2-phenylpyridine (C∧N) and/or phenanthroline (N∧N) ligands were synthesized and characterized. Their photophysical properties were investigated systematically via UV–vis absorption, emission, and transient difference absorption spectroscopy. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were performed to complement the experimental data and aid in our understanding of the characters of optical transitions. In addition, reverse saturable absorption was demonstrated at 532 nm for all complexes using nanosecond laser pulses. All complexes possess a weak low-energy tail that is attributed to 1,3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer)/1,3LLCT (ligand-to-ligand charge t...
An Experimental Study on Bond Strength of Reinforcing Steel in High-Volume Fly-Ash Concrete

The production of Portland cement—the key ingredient in concrete—generates a significant amount of carbon dioxide. However, because of its incredible versatility, availability, and relatively low cost, concrete is the most consumed manmade material on the planet. One method of reducing concrete’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is the use of fly ash to replace a significant amount of the cement. An experimental investigation was conducted to compare the bond strength of reinforcing steel in high-volume fly-ash concrete (HVFAC)—concrete with at least 50 % of the cement replaced with fly ash—with conventional concrete (CC). This study investigated two HVFAC mixes [with one mix having a relatively high total cementitious content (502 kg/m3) and the other mix having a relatively low total cementitious content (337 kg/m3)], as well as a CC mix. Both HVFAC mixes utilized a 70 % replacement of Portland cement with a Class C fly ash. This experimental program consisted of 18 pull-out specimens, as well as nine full-scale beams (three for each concrete type). The pull-out specimens were based on RILEM recommendations, and the beam specimens were tested under a simply supported four-point loading condition. The CC test results served as a control and were used to evaluate the results from the HVFAC pull-out and beam specimen tests. Furthermore, a comparison was performed between results of this study and a bond database of CC specimens. These comparisons indicate that HVFAC beams possess greater bond strength than CC beams.
The Family Categories of Tetranychoid Mites, with a Review of the New Families Linotetranidae and Tuckerellidae

The development of a classification of the order Acarina has lagged far behind that of orders of insects. Prior to the twentieth century the phylogeny of mites was inadequately understood, and little progress had been made in the actual recognition of species. During the last half-century, however, the comprehensive studies of Oudemans, Vitzthum, and Targardh, in particular, contributed greatly to an understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of mite groups, and a number of students have aided through their detailed characterization of species in some of these groups.
Vacuole formation in human erythrocyte ghosts.

SummaryHuman erythrocyte ghost endocytic vacuole formation requires Mg2+ and ATP and occurs optimally in the presence of 0.5—1.0 mM Ca2+ with larger amounts of Ca2+ producing inhibition of vacuole formation. ADP can substitute for ATP as substrate but other nucleotides are much poorer substitutes. EDTA cannot produce ghost endocytic vacuoles. Therefore, in ghost vacuole formation, Ca2+ chelation seems less important and relatively specific energization by ATP or ADP is more important.
Analysis and optimization of RB control strategy for a sub-critical 300MW unit

The original run back(RB)control strategy of a 300MW unit was analyzed.On this basis,the logic of interlock start motor driven feed water pump during RB control of the 100%steam driven feed water pump was optimized.Moreover,optimization on RB control logic of the forced draft fan and induced draft fan were also performed,such as setting the gross input air volume according to the total fuel amount under the RB condition,designing the primary air fan override open and furnace press priority low circuit in primary air fan RB control logic.The results showed that,the optimized unit can lower the load steadily and promptly during RB.
Software Performance Testing Overview

With the close attention was paid on performance of application,software performance testing come into being,as a safeguard for the dection of system performance.What fields,methods,tools and counters of performance testing was briefly introduced.It was illus trated that specific operation of performance testing by an example.
Searching for Satisfaction: Black Female Teachers’ Workplace Climate and Job Satisfaction:

Job satisfaction may decrease teacher attrition. Furthermore, job satisfaction correlates with teacher retention, which may influence school building climate and student achievement. Potentially af...
Discrete Cooling of Supports and Multi-Layer Insulation in Helium Dewars

Methods of optimizing location of boil-off gas cooled support and insulation heat intercepts to minimize heat leak to helium dewars are discussed. Analyses include use of separate gas streams for support and insulation cooling and the much simpler case of one stream for both purposes. Calculations are made for stainless steel and epoxy-fiberglass supports with ratios α = (AILS)/(ASLI), ranging from 25 × 103 to 800 × 103. Heat intercept locations are optimized for one through six intercepts. Calculations include independent location of intercepts on the supports and insulation and the effect of positioning the intercepts with equal length/thickness fractions. Results are presented graphically for easy use by dewar designers.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Quantification and Speciation Modeling of Sulfate Adsorption on Ferrihydrite Surfaces.

Sulfate adsorption on mineral surfaces is an important environmental chemical process, but the structures and respective contribution of different adsorption complexes under various environmental conditions are unclear. By combining sulfur K-edge XANES and EXAFS spectroscopy, quantum chemical calculations, and surface complexation modeling (SCM), we have shown that sulfate forms both outer-sphere complexes and bidentate–binuclear inner-sphere complexes on ferrihydrite surfaces. The relative fractions of the complexes vary with pH, ionic strength (I), and sample hydration degree (wet versus air-dried), but their structures remained the same. The inner-sphere complex adsorption loading decreases with increasing pH while remaining unchanged with I. At both I = 0.02 and 0.1 M, the outer-sphere complex loading reaches maximum at pH ∼5 and then decreases with pH, whereas it monotonically decreases with pH at I = 0.5 M. These observations result from a combination of the ionic-strength effect, the pH dependence ...
Guide to Virtual Screening: Application to the Akt Phosphatase PHLPP

We present an example-based description of virtual screening (VS) techniques used to identify new regulators of the Akt phosphatase PHLPP (PH domain Leucine repeat Protein Phosphatase). This enzyme opposes the effects of two kinases, Akt and PKC, which play a major role in cell growth and survival. Therefore, PHLPP is a potential therapeutic target in pathophysiologies where these pathways are either repressed, such as in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, or over-activated as in cancer. To the best of our knowledge, no PHLPP inhibitors have been reported so far in the literature. In this study, we used a combination of chemical and virtual screening techniques that led to the identification of a number of inhibiting compounds with diverse scaffolds. These compounds bind PHLPP and inhibit cell death when tested in cellular assays. We employed GLIDE docking software to screen a library of more than 40,000 compounds selected from the NCI open depository (250,000 compounds) by similarity searches. We compare the efficiency at which we determined binding compounds from the chemical screen, and compare enrichment factors of the virtually discovered compounds over chemical screening.
The ribothymidine content of mammalian elongator tRNAs modulates ternary complex ribosomal A site binding

Studies into the mechanism by which tRNA fullfills its multifaceted role in protein synthesis have revealed its function as a regulatory molecule (Rich and RajBhandary, 1976; Cortese, 1979). It is now generally accepted that loop IV participates in tRNA ribosome interactions (Schwarz, et al. 1976; Sprinzl, et al. 1976; Wagner and Garrett, 1978). Several experiments aimed at elucidating the biological function of the rT in loop IV also have been reported (Hoburg, et al. 1979; Dingermann, et al. 1980; Roe and Tsen, 1977), and earlier we observed that mammalian tRNAs can be grouped into four classes based on the nucleoside present at position 54 from the 5’ terminus (Roe, et al. 1976). Here, Class A includes those tRNAs in which this position is completely occupied by adenosine; Class B includes those which contain a molar equivalent of either ribothymidine, 2’-O-methyl ribothymidine or pseudouridine; Class C includes those tRNAs which contain submolar amounts of either uridine or ribothymidine; and Class D includes those tRNAs in which only uridine occupies this position. We now report experiments which demonstrate that the rT content of Class C and D tRNAs alters the observed Vmax of rabbit reticulocyte m-RNA protein synthesis.
Integrated terahertz sources and receivers

Terahertz sources and receivers with exceptional bandwidth, power and efficiency have been demonstrated. These components use integrated diode circuits (no whiskers or mechanical tuners) and are therefore very compact and reliable, thus facilitating a host of new applications in science, medicine and defense.
A phase 1b dose expansion study of the pan-class I PI3K inhibitor buparlisib (BKM120) plus carboplatin and paclitaxel in PTEN deficient tumors and with dose intensified carboplatin and paclitaxel

Purpose We previously reported the phase I dose escalation study of buparlisib, a pan-class 1A PI3K inhibitor, combined with platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. The combination was well tolerated and promising preliminary efficacy was observed in PTEN deficient tumors. This phase I dose expansion study now evaluates buparlisib plus high dose carboplatin and paclitaxel in unselected patients with advanced solid tumors and buparlisib plus standard dose carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with PTEN deficient tumors (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01297452). Methods There were two expansion cohorts: Cohort A received continuous buparlisib (100 mg/daily) orally plus high dose carboplatin AUC 6 and paclitaxel 200 mg/m2; Cohort B treated patients with PTEN deficient tumors only and they received the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of continuous buparlisib (100 mg/daily) orally plus standard dose carboplatin AUC 5 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2. Both cohorts received chemotherapy intravenously on day 1 of the 21-day cycle with pegfilgrastim support. Primary endpoint in Cohort A was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of chemotherapy dose intensification with buparlisib and in Cohort B was to describe preliminary efficacy of the combination among patients with tumors harboring a PTEN mutation or homozygous deletion. Results 14 subjects were enrolled, 7 in Cohort A and 7 in Cohort B. Dose reductions were required in 5 (71%) and 3 (43%) patients, in cohort A and B respectively. Grade 3 adverse events in Cohort A included lymphopenia (n = 5 [71%]), hyperglycemia (n = 2, [29%]), diarrhea (n = 2, [29%]) and rash (n = 2, [29%]) and in cohort B included lymphopenia (n = 5 [71%]), hyperglycemia (n = 4 [57%]) and neutropenia (n = 2 [29%]. The mean number of cycles on protocol was 6. The overall objective response rate was 14% (2 /14). No objective responses were observed in the PTEN deficient cohort. Four out of 6 patients with stable disease (SD) had SD or better for ≥6 cycles, 2 of which had PTEN deficient tumors. Conclusion The addition of buparlisib to high dose carboplatin and paclitaxel was not tolerable. The combination did not reveal significant clinical activity amongst a small and heterogenous group of PTEN deficient tumors,
Use of the Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex Immunocytochemical Procedure for Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Paraffin Sections of Mosquitoes

The avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunocytochemical procedure was used to locate Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus antigen in infected Aedes albopictus C6/36 cultured cells and in serial paraffin sections of intrathoracically-injected Egyptian Culex pipiens. Fixation of the cultured cells in formaldehyde or periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde, and fixation of whole mosquitoes with formaldehyde resulted in good preservation of morphology and excellent differential staining between uninfected and infected specimens. Two primary antibodies against RVF virus were tested on the cultured cells: a polyclonal rabbit antiserum and a mixture of mouse monoclonal antibodies. Only the mouse monoclonal antibody mixture was tested on the Cx. pipiens. Specific staining of tissues in paraffin sections occurred at dilutions as high as 1:5,000. In both cultured Ae. albopictus cells and sections of Cx. pipiens, only the cytoplasm was positive for antigen. A preliminary list of tissues in Cx. pipiens that exhibited specific or nonspecific staining is given.
Effectiveness of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in real-world patients with chronic hepatitis C: a collaborative treatment approach

The effectiveness of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) in routine use in clinical practice for the management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) has not been well described. Data with prior agents suggest that management of HCV using an interprofessional approach in clinical practice is associated with better outcomes. This single-centre, prospective, observational cohort study evaluated patients treated with LDV/SOF for 8, 12 or 24 weeks as part of the standardized interprofessional treatment protocol at Novant Health Infectious Diseases Specialists. Eighty-four patients treated with LDV/SOF were evaluated; of these, 97.5% and 91.7% of patients achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) in the per-protocol analysis and the intention-to-treat analysis, respectively. Two patients were not cured after relapse of HCV. No patients required LDV/SOF discontinuation and all patients completed the appropriate treatment duration. The majority (56%) of patients reported no adverse effects and all adverse effects that were reported were mild. The most commonly reported adverse effects were headache and fatigue. SVR and tolerability rates were similar to those seen in the clinical trials. LDV/SOF was associated with a successful translation from the clinical trial setting to clinical practice. A collaborative treatment approach should be considered in the management of HCV.
Safe and Effective Bedside Thoracentesis: A Review of the Evidence for Practicing Clinicians.

Background Physicians often care for patients with pleural effusion, a condition that requires thoracentesis for evaluation and treatment. We aim to identify the most recent advances related to safe and effective performance of thoracentesis. Methods We performed a narrative review with a systematic search of the literature. Two authors independently reviewed search results and selected studies based on relevance to thoracentesis; disagreements were resolved by consensus. Articles were categorized as those related to the pre-, intra- and postprocedural aspects of thoracentesis. Results Sixty relevant studies were identified and included. Pre-procedural topics included methods for physician training and maintenance of skills, such as simulation with direct observation. Additionally, pre-procedural topics included the finding that moderate coagulopathies (international normalized ratio less than 3 or a platelet count greater than 25,000/μL) and mechanical ventilation did not increase risk of postprocedural complications. Intraprocedurally, ultrasound use was associated with lower risk of pneumothorax, while pleural manometry can identify a nonexpanding lung and may help reduce risk of re-expansion pulmonary edema. Postprocedurally, studies indicate that routine chest X-ray is unwarranted, because bedside ultrasound can identify pneumothorax. Conclusions While the performance of thoracentesis is not without risk, clinicians can incorporate recent advances into practice to mitigate patient harm and improve effectiveness. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2017;12:266-276.
Intermediary Litigation as a Nonmarket Strategy

Firms face a number of threats to their businesses from online communication practices. Simply put, most firms possess intangible assets, such as information goods and goodwill, whose value is vulnerable to harm associated with the transmission and publication of online content. Consequently, firms have sought to protect their assets from such harms, which I collectively refer to as information hazards, by suing Internet intermediaries. Internet intermediaries are online services that provide a means for information to transmitted between third parties. Making the argument that the difficulty of specifying and enforcing property rights for intangible assets leads to market failure, I draw on the logic of transaction cost economics to suggest that intermediary liability should be addressed as a the outcome of a choice amongst four modes of governance for nonmarket strategies to enforce property rights. I create a two stage framework in which firms first choose regulation or litigation as a governance mode ...
Handling Scan-time Parameters in Haptic Surface Classification

The physical sensations of touch, as measured by the force and vibration felt during contact, strongly depend on the normal force exerted by the end-effector as well as its speed relative to the surface, factors we call “scan-time parameters.” When researchers record surface interactions for machine learning tasks such as haptic surface recognition, they must either (1) precisely control these parameters, (2) record them alongside the rest of the data, or (3) develop postprocessing that makes surface percepts invariant to scan-time parameters. Here we use multi-class support vector machines to compare the second approach (“scan-dependent features” developed in our prior work) with the third approach (“scanfree features” developed by Strese et al.). We first verify our implementation of the scan-free features by testing on Strese et al.'s published dataset of 69 surfaces, achieving 87.4% crossvalidation accuracy. We then compare the two approaches on new surface interaction data gathered from 28 surfaces with our instrument (the Proton Pack), obtaining 57.9% accuracy using scan-dependent features and 93.3% accuracy using scan-free features, demonstrating superiority of the scan-free features for this task. We further calculate the correlation of all features to scan-time parameters, confirming that the scan-free features are relatively invariant to scan-time parameters.
Empirical analysis of algorithms for the shortest negative cost cycle problem

Abstract In this paper, we empirically profile three algorithms for the Shortest Negative Cost Cycle (SNCC) problem. In this problem, we are given a directed, weighted graph G = 〈 V , E , c 〉 , and the goal is to identify a negative cost cycle with the fewest number of edges. The SNCC problem finds applications in a number of domains ranging from program verification to certifying algorithm design. The first polynomial time algorithm for this problem was proposed in Subramani (2009). Since then, several additional techniques, including a randomized approach, have been proposed for the SNCC problem. Our goal in this paper is to analyze three algorithmic paradigms for this problem from the empirical perspective. Towards this end, we profile these algorithmic approaches over a wide range of inputs. Our results indicated that the randomized algorithm is the algorithm of choice over a number of graph classes.
CROSS-SHORE TRANSPORT OF BIMODAL SANDS.

Foreshore sediment level and sediment size were monitored as part of an extensive nearshore processes experiment - DUCK 82. Changes in foreshore texture were compared with computed values of onshore transported material based on current measurements from the surf zone and sediment transport theory (Bagnold, 1963, 1966). Preliminary results indicate reasonable agreement between predicted size of sediment transported onshore and beach texture changes. It is also demonstrated that coarse sediment may move onshore while finer material may simultaneously move offshore.
Feature Essays: Getting There: An Integrative Vision of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning

Excerpt: Over the last two decades, the scholarship of teaching and learning has made important strides. There are now many more teachers engaged in the study of their students' learning, more outlets (like this journal) for what they discover, and a growing demand for what those outlets make available. Campus policies are evolving to create space and rewards for such work, disciplinary and professional fields have promoted it, and notions of inquiry and evidence are...
Current commentary: The arc of civil liberation36

This book has offered differing perspectives on the concepts of science and religion, and the intertwining of their roles in modern societies. In the following I wish to take a closer look at three transformative political-symbolic experiences. They are Barack Obama, Tahrir Square, and the Occupy Wall Street movement. These cases serve as examples of how the sacred and profane is placed back into the idea of the secular, and show how they remain at the core of modern life. Our modern society is often perceived as rational, and traditional society as religious. Science, rationality and individual autonomy are given as characteristics of the ethos of modernity, juxtaposed as radically different from what they call traditional society. That is, we only believe what we see before our eyes - a kind of empirical sensibility - whereas traditional society was filled with mysteries. However, people still need broad, metaphysical beliefs and narratives, not necessarily in a super-natural world, but beliefs that are not proven empirically. No matter how sophisticated we are, no matter how much we say that we see ambiguity, we understand it, we can tolerate ambivalence, none the less I believe that certain core convictions are important in social organization. We still need sweeping social passions, symbols, the role of rituals and sentiments in contemporary and so-called secular society.
[(Di-o-tolyl-phosphino)meth-yl]diphenyl-phosphine sulfide.

In the title compound, C27H26P2S, the P—C—P angle is 114.33 (13)°. The bond distances are longer and the bond angles are smaller at the P atom bonded to the o-tolyl groups owing to the presence of a lone pair of electrons. One phenyl ring is disordered over three sites [occupancies 0.317 (8), 0.250 (8), and 0.433 (6)] and the other phenyl ring is disordered over two sites [occupancies 0.871 (6) and 0.129 (6)].
Cigarette smoking among those with mental disorders in the US population: 2012–2013 update

Background Recent nationally representative estimates from the USA suggest the prevalence of cigarette smoking continues to be much higher among those with mental disorders compared with those without; however, prevalence estimates for current cigarette use by specific diagnoses are outdated. Methods We analysed data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (2012–2013). We estimated the prevalence of lifetime and past-year smoking, lifetime and past-year daily smoking, and lifetime smoking cessation among ever smokers (ie, the quit ratio) among those with common mood, anxiety and substance use disorders in comparison to those without these disorders. Results Across disorders, smoking prevalence was higher and the quit ratio was lower among those with common mental disorders compared with those without, with twofold to sixfold relativedifferences in the odds of the magnitude. Conclusions Despite tobacco control advances since 2000 and resulting declines in smoking prevalence, smoking remains extraordinarily more common among those with mood, anxiety and substance use disorders, with highest rates among those with bipolar and substance use disorders.
hCG production by mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary in a reproductive aged woman.

Abstract When elevated serum hCG is discovered during the work up of a gynecologic tumor, it is paramount to identify the source of hCG prior to initiation of treatment. Potential sources of hCG include viable intrauterine pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, gestational trophoblastic disease, pituitary hCG production, phantom hCG (heterophilic antibody interference), and tumor production. Here, we present a case of elevated hCG in a young women with a large complex pelvic mass. Prior to treatment initiation, the patient underwent work up for hCG elevation, which was ultimately found to be from tumor production. Pathologic examination revealed the mass to be a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary with aberrant expression of hCG, rather than the more typical hCG producing germ cell tumor. We detail the preoperative evaluation process of hCG elevation. Additionally, we discuss the role of hCG in ovarian cancer and influence on tumorigenesis and management.
An evaluation of the failure modes transition and the Christensen ductile/brittle failure theory using molecular dynamics

The Christensen ductile/brittle failure theory can be interpreted in terms of the associated failure modes, those of shear bands and voids nucleation. Their conjunction is then termed as the failur...