cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-Velocity Impact Response Characterization of a Hybrid Titanium Composite Laminate

The low-velocity impact response of a hybrid titanium composite laminate, known as TiGr, was compared to that of graphite/epoxy composite. The TiGr material comprised of two outer plies of titanium foil surrounding a composite core. The composite core was PIXA-M (a high temperature thermoplastic) reinforced by IM-6 graphite fibers and consolidated by an induction heating process. The impact response of TiGr was characterized by two modes of failure which differed by failure or nonfailure in tension of the bottom titanium ply. The ductility of titanium caused buckling by yielding whereas the brittle adjacent composite ply lead to fracture. The maximum failure force of the material correlated well with the previously reported static flexural data, and the material outper-formed the commonly used graphite/epoxy.
Thermal infrared constraint to a planetary companion of vega with the MMT adaptive optics system

Vega may have a massive companion in a wide orbit, as evidenced by structure in its cold dust debris. We have tested this hypothesis by direct imaging with adaptive optics in the M band. The observations were made with a newly commissioned thermal infrared camera, Clio, on the 6.5 MMT AO system with low-background deformable secondary mirror. The observations constrain a planet to be less than 7 MJ at the approximate position angle expected from the dust structure and at a radius >20 AU (25). This result is more stringent than similar previous near-infrared observations of Vega, which achieved limits of 20 and 10 MJ at separations of 7''. The higher sensitivity is due to both the more favorable contrast of gas giant planets at the M band and the higher Strehl ratio and more stable point spread function at longer wavelengths. Future L' or M band observations could provide a powerful approach for wide-separation planet detection, especially for cooler and thus older or less massive planets. The natural best targets are nearby stars, where planets in the range of 5-15 MJ and as old as several Gyr are expected to be detectable with this technique.
OMS‐2 for Aerobic, Catalytic, One‐pot Alcohol Oxidation‐Wittig Reactions: Efficient Access to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters

Manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS) materials with well-defined pores have been extensively studied over two decades due to their intriguing chemical and physical properties. OMS-2, the synthetic cryptomelane form of manganese oxide, was synthesized by a modified reflux method and was found to be highly active for obtaining α,β-unsaturated esters (up to 95 % yield and with high diastereoselectivities) from a variety of benzyl, heteroaryl, allyl and alkyl alcohols via one-pot alcohol oxidation-Wittig reaction. The transformation utilizes air as the stoichiometric oxidant, and the inexpensive catalyst can be recovered and reused.
Guilt Proneness and Moral Character

Guilt proneness is a personality trait indicative of a predisposition to experience negative feelings about personal wrongdoing, even when the wrongdoing is private. It is characterized by the anticipation of feeling bad about committing transgressions rather than by guilty feelings in a particular moment or generalized guilty feelings that occur without an eliciting event. Our research has revealed that guilt proneness is an important character trait because knowing a person’s level of guilt proneness helps us to predict the likelihood that person will behave unethically. Web-based studies of adults across the United States have shown that people who score high on measures of guilt proneness (compared to low scorers) make fewer unethical business decisions, commit fewer delinquent behaviors, and behave more honestly when making economic decisions. In the workplace, guilt-prone employees are less likely to engage in counterproductive behaviors that harm their organization.
Pentasupertetrahedral clusters as building blocks for a three-dimensional sulfide superlattice

通讯作者地址: Feng, PY (通讯作者), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA 地址: 1. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA 2. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Chem & Biochem, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA 电子邮件地址: pingyun.feng@ucr.edu
A High Throughput Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl Tertiary Amines

Abstract N,N-dimethyl tertiary amines are obtained in high yields by titanium(IV) isopropoxide mediated reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with a commercially available methanol solution of dimethylamine.
Rational Design of a Biomimetic Cell Penetrating Peptide Library

Cell penetrating peptides have demonstrated potential to facilitate the cellular delivery of therapeutic molecules. Here we develop a set of 50 cell penetrating peptide based formulations with potential to deliver small interfering RNAs intracellularly. The transfection efficacy of siRNA containing lipid-like nanoparticles decorated with different peptides was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo and correlated with the peptide physical and chemical properties. In vitro, these particles were internalized primarily through macropinocytosis. When the peptides were presented to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells they induce low immunoactivation relative to control cell penetrating peptides including the antennapedia homeodomain and TAT, as quantified by the expression of activation specific surface proteins like CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II. In vivo, peptide decorated nanoparticles primarily accumulated in the lungs and the liver. Three human peptides derived from surfactant protein B; a lung surfactant protein, orexin; a neuropeptide hormone and lactoferricin; a globular glycoprotein that exist in many physiological fluids, facilitated the in vivo delivery of siRNA and induce significant knock down (90%) of a hepatocyte expressed protein, coagulation Factor VII.
The Resolution of the Labor Scarcity Paradox

Many distinguished foreign visitors to the United States in the 1850s commented on the advanced states of mechanization in manufacturing. But why, at the same time, were interest rates higher and the aggregate manufacturing capital stock lower in American than in Britain? We resolve this paradox by noting that British engineers were most impressed by only those industries which relied on skilled workers. Using production parameters estimated from 1849 census data, we develop a computable general equilibrium model of the American and British economies which reconciles the apparently contradictory evidence.
A multi-criteria vehicle-target allocation assessment model for network-centric Joint Air Operations

Joint Air Operations (JAO) are traditionally orchestrated using centralised planning and scheduling that assigns air assets to mission packages for the purpose of achieving campaign objectives. However, the current command and control model used by the Air Force lacks 'agility', since it neither anticipate changes in the battlespace nor take advantage of continuous information provided by the sensors in a network-centric environment. In this study, we propose a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis model that considers four competing objectives (effort, effectiveness, efficiency, and connectivity) to assess vehicle-target allocation for network-centric JAO. The proposed model uses entropy, multi-hop connectivity, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process to derive an overall measures of the performance for alternative vehicle-target allocation scenarios.
Poisson Geometry of Monic Matrix Polynomials

We study the Poisson geometry of the first congruence subgroup $G_1[[z^{-1}]]$ of the loop group $G[[z^{-1}]]$ endowed with the rational r-matrix Poisson structure for $G=GL_m$ and $SL_m$. We classify all the symplectic leaves on a certain ind-subvariety of $G_1[[z^{-1}]]$ in terms of Smith Normal Forms. This classification extends known descriptions of symplectic leaves on the (thin) affine Grassmannian and the space of $SL_m$-monopoles. We show that a generic leaf is covered by open charts with Poisson transition functions, the charts being birationally isomorphic to products of coadjoint $GL_m$ orbits. Finally, we discuss our results in terms of (thick) affine Grassmannians and Zastava spaces.
The stereospecific preparation of two perfluoro-1,3-butadiene synthons; (E)-1-trimethylsilyl-1,2,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1,3-butadiene and (E)-1-tributylstannyl-1,2,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1,3-butadiene

Abstract ( E )-1-Trimethylsilyl-1,2,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1,3-butadiene ( 1 ) can be stereospecifically prepared by Pd(0)/CuI catalyzed cross-coupling of ( Z )-1-tributylstannyl-1,2-difluoro-2-trimethylsilylethene with iodotrifluoroethene. The corresponding ( E )-1-tributylstannyl-1,2,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1,3-butadiene can be prepared via the stereospecific conversion of 1 with Bu 3 SnOSnBu 3 /KF (catalysis) to the corresponding vinylstannane.
Testing for Altruism and Social Pressure in Charitable Giving

Every year, 90 percent of Americans give money or time to charities. Is such generosity necessarily welfare enhancing? We present a theoretical framework that pinpoints two types of motivation: individuals like to give, e.g., due to altruism or warm glow, or individuals would rather not give but dislike saying no, e.g., due to social pressure. To distinguish the two types of motivation, we design a door-to-door fund-raising drive in which we vary the ability of households to seek or avoid a solicitor. Some households are informed about the exact time of solicitation with a flyer on the door-knob; thus, they can seek the fund-raiser if giving is welfare-enhancing, and avoid it if giving is welfare-decreasing. We find that the flyer reduces the share of households opening the door by 10 to 25 percent, suggesting that the average household seeks to avoid fund-raisers. Moreover, if the flyer allows checking a box for ‘Do Not Disturb’ giving is 30 percent lower. The latter decrease is concentrated among donations smaller than $10. These findings suggest that both types of motivation affect charitable giving, with more evidence supporting the social pressure explanation. Combining reduced form insights from these treatments with data gathered from a complementary field experiment, we are able to structurally estimate altruism and social pressure parameters.
An n! lower bound on formula size

We introduce a new Ehrenfeucht--Fraisse game for proving lower bounds on the size of first-order formulas. Up until now, such games have only been used to prove bounds on the operator depth of formulas, not their size. We use this game to prove that the CTL+ formula, Occurn ≡ E[Fp1 ∧ Fp2 ∧ … ∧ Fpn], which says that there is a path along which the predicates p1 through pn all occur, requires size n! to express in CTL. Our lower bound is optimal. It follows that the succinctness of CTL+ with respect to CTL is exactly Θ(n)!. Wilke had shown that the succinctness was at least exponential [Wilke 1999].We also use our games to prove an optimal Ω(n) lower bound on the number of boolean variables needed for forward reachability logic (RLf) to polynomially embed the language CTL+. The number of booleans needed for full reachability logic RL and the transitive closure logic FO2(TC) remain open [Immerman and Vardi 1997; Alechina and Immerman 2000].
Temporary Migration and Endogenous Risk Sharing in Village India

When people can self-insure via migration, they may have less need for informal risk sharing. At the same time, informal insurance may reduce the need to migrate. To understand the joint determinat...
Examining the impact of regular physician visits on heart failure patients: a use case with electronic health data

The rapid adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) presents opportunities to study care management within health systems. We examine the efficacy of using EHR data to assess the outcomes of outpatient care for chronic disease management. A retrospective-prospective study was conducted using 6 years of archived EHR data from patients treated for heart failure at a rural community hospital. Patients were placed into two cohorts, ‘Regular’ and ‘Non-Regular’, based on the frequency of provider contact. A hospital charge ratio was used to calculate cost. Patient mortality and the frequency of unintended events were used to assess patient outcomes. Case study results suggest that sporadic outpatient care was associated with greater utilization of more intensive health-care services. When inpatient and Emergency Department utilization became necessary for both groups, the Regular outpatient cohort had lower mortality rates, fewer readmissions, and incurred lower and less variable costs. Overall, the study showed great potential for using EHR data for assessing care outcomes, notwithstanding some key limitations. We conclude by discussing the types of insights possible and shortcomings attributed from health systems research derived from EHR data.
Time-resolved imaging of near-fields in THz antennas and direct quantitative measurement of field enhancements.

We investigate the interaction between terahertz waves and resonant antennas with sub-cycle temporal and λ/100 spatial resolution. Depositing antennas on a LiNbO3 waveguide enables non-invasive electro-optic imaging, quantitative field characterization, and direct measurement of field enhancement (up to 40-fold). The spectral response is determined over a bandwidth spanning from DC across multiple resonances, and distinct behavior is observed in the near- and far-field. The scaling of enhancement and resonant frequency with gap size and antenna length agrees well with simulations.
Characterizing follower and extender set sequences

ABSTRACTGiven a one-dimensional shift X, let |FX(l)| be the number of follower sets of words of length l in X. We call the sequence the follower set sequence of the shift X. Extender sets are a generalization of follower sets, and we define the extender set sequence similarly. In this paper, we explore which sequences may be realized as follower set sequences and extender set sequences of one-dimensional sofic shifts. We show that any follower set sequence or extender set sequence of a sofic shift must be eventually periodic. We also show that, subject to a few constraints, a wide class of eventually periodic sequences are possible. In fact, any natural number difference in the and of these sequences may be achieved, so long as the of the sequence is sufficiently large.
How’s My Driving? A Spatio-Semantic Analysis of Driving Behavior with Smartphone Sensors

Road accident is one of the major reasons for loss of human lives, especially in developing nations with poor road infrastructure and a driver needs to constantly negotiate with several adverse conditions to ensure safety. In this paper, we study several such adverse conditions that are relevant to safe driving and propose a novel method for identifying them as well as characterizing driving behavior for such conditions. Experimental results reveal that our proposed methodology is promising and more flexible than prior work in this area. In particular, our prediction results reveal that our methodology is an aggressive one where most of the bad driving behaviors are determined at the cost of a few instances of good behavior being falsely characterized as bad ones.
Improved Algorithms for Distributed Entropy Monitoring

Modern data management systems often need to deal with massive, dynamic and inherently distributed data sources. We collect the data using a distributed network, and at the same time try to maintain a global view of the data at a central coordinator using a minimal amount of communication. Such applications have been captured by the distributed monitoring model which has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In this paper we investigate the monitoring of the entropy functions, which are very useful in network monitoring applications such as detecting distributed denial-of-service attacks. Our results improve the previous best results by Arackaparambil et al. in ICLP 1: 95–106 (2009). Our technical contribution also includes implementing the celebrated AMS sampling method (by Alon et al. in J Comput Syst Sci 58(1): 137–147 1999) in the distributed monitoring model, which could be of independent interest.
The complexity of the homeomorphism relation between compact metric spaces

Abstract We determine the exact complexity of classifying compact metric spaces up to homeomorphism. More precisely, the homeomorphism relation on compact metric spaces is Borel bi-reducible with the complete orbit equivalence relation of Polish group actions. Consequently, the same holds for the isomorphism relation between separable commutative C*-algebras and the isometry relation between C(K)-spaces.
Laterally Loaded Thin Flat Plates

Plates were studied experimentally, using Moire method, and analytically, by finite differences; results are presented; possible sources of error in Moire technique; Moire method, with possible improvements in technique, offers useful tool along with numerical methods, for future study of plates.
Holographic algorithms

We introduce a new notion of efficient reduction among computational problems. Classical reductions involve gadgets that map local solutions of one problem to local solutions of another in one-to-one, or possibly many-to-one or one-to-many, fashion. Our proposed reductions allow for gadgets with many-to-many correspondences. Their objective is to preserve the sum of the local solutions. Such reductions provide a method of translating a combinatorial problem to a family of finite systems of polynomial equations with integer coefficients such that the number of solutions of the combinatorial problem can be counted in polynomial time if some system in the family has a solution over the complex numbers. We can derive polynomial time algorithms in this way for ten problems for which only exponential time algorithms were known before. General questions about complexity classes are also formulated. If the method is applied to a #P-complete problem then we obtain families of polynomial systems such that the solvability of any one member would imply P/sup #P/ = NC2.
Affordable Broadband: Bridging the Global Digital Divide, a Social Justice Approach

Access to broadband Internet is becoming a necessity for obtaining information and resources about healthcare, education, and employment. However, the broadband global digital divide continues to inhibit and limit individuals' access within and among nations. We address the question, What factors hinder and enable people from being able to afford broadband access to obtain vital information? This paper uses social justice theory (Rawls [47] and Sen [52-55]) as applied to information ethics (Floridi [21, 22], Britz [4-6], van Dijk [58, 59]) to empirically examine the relationship between measures of social justice and individual capability on broadband affordability in 146 countries. The results from our statistical model show that measures of social justice and individual capability are positively associated with affordable broadband access across countries.
Metabolomic Analysis of Siderophore Cheater Mutants Reveals Metabolic Costs of Expression in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Bacterial siderophores are a group of chemically diverse, virulence-associated secondary metabolites whose expression exerts metabolic costs. A combined bacterial genetic and metabolomic approach revealed differential metabolomic impacts associated with biosynthesis of different siderophore structural families. Despite myriad genetic differences, the metabolome of a cheater mutant lacking a single set of siderophore biosynthetic genes more closely approximate that of a non-pathogenic K12 strain than its isogenic, uropathogen parent strain. Siderophore types associated with greater metabolomic perturbations are less common among human isolates, suggesting that metabolic costs influence success in a human population. Although different siderophores share a common iron acquisition function, our analysis shows how a metabolomic approach can distinguish their relative metabolic impacts in E. coli.
Spatial Patterning with the Rule of Normal Neighbors

Based on developmental biology’s Rule of Normal Neighbors, we develop a new mechanism for spatial patterning, exhibiting spontaneous symmetry breaking, regeneration, and approximate scale invariance. The desired pattern is represented as a topological adjacency graph, yielding an energy function that cells minimize through local interactions. Combined with a controller manipulating cells’ mechanical properties, we demonstrate programmable geometric homeostasis for 3D cellular surfaces via simultaneous patterning and deformation.
Ligand-enabled γ-C-H olefination and carbonylation: construction of β-quaternary carbon centers.

Monoselective γ-C–H olefination and carbonylation of aliphatic acids has been accomplished by using a combination of a quinoline-based ligand and a weakly coordinating amide directing group. The reaction provides a new route for constructing richly functionalized all-carbon quaternary carbon centers at the β-position of aliphatic acids.
Towards a multi-modal perceptual model

Reliable objective assessment of perceived performance is required for optimal design, commissioning, and monitoring of quality. Nonlinear processes such as data reduction have necessitated the development of a new generation of objective assessment algorithms. Conventional engineering metrics do not take adequate account of the properties of the human receiver, and new perceptually motivated techniques have started to emerge.
Recommendations for the Reporting of Tissues Removed as Part of the Surgical Treatment of Malignant Liver Tumors

The Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology (ADASP) has developed recommendations for the surgical pathology report for primary and metastatic epithelial tumors in the liver. These recommendations are reported herein.
On a new action of the magnet on electric currents

(1880). XXIX. On a new action of the magnet on electric currents. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 9, No. 55, pp. 225-230.
Iridium-catalyzed oxidative olefination of furans with unactivated alkenes

The oxidative coupling of arenes and alkenes is an attractive strategy for the synthesis of vinylarenes, but reactions with unactivated alkenes have typically occurred in low yield. We report an Ir-catalyzed oxidative coupling of furans with unactivated olefins to generate branched vinylfuran products in high yields and with high selectivities with a second alkene as the hydrogen acceptor. Detailed mechanistic experiments revealed catalyst decomposition pathways that were alleviated by the judicious selection of reaction conditions and application of new ligands.
An In Situ Directing Group Strategy for Chiral Anion Phase-Transfer Fluorination of Allylic Alcohols

An enantioselective fluorination of allylic alcohols under chiral anion phase-transfer conditions is reported. The in situ generation of a directing group proved crucial for achieving effective enantiocontrol. In the presence of such a directing group, a range of acyclic substrates underwent fluorination to afford highly enantioenriched α-fluoro homoallylic alcohols. Mechanistic studies suggest that this transformation proceeds through a concerted enantiodetermining transition state involving both C–F bond formation and C–H bond cleavage.
Four-step synthesis of the antimalarial cardamom peroxide via an oxygen stitching strategy.

A four-step synthesis of the antimalarial terpene cardamom peroxide, a 1,2-dioxepane-containing natural product, is reported from (−)-myrtenal and molecular oxygen. This highly concise route was guided by biosynthetic logic and enabled by an unusual manganese-catalyzed, tandem hydroperoxidation reaction. The absolute configuration of the cardamom peroxide is reported, and its mode of fragmentation following Fe(II)-mediated endoperoxide reduction is established. These studies reveal the generation of reactive intermediates distinct from previously studied endoperoxide natural products.
Dipole-dipole resonance line shapes in a cold Rydberg gas

We have explored the dipole-dipole mediated, resonant energy transfer reaction, $32{p}_{3/2}+32{p}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}32s+33s$, in an ensemble of cold $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ Rydberg atoms. Stark tuning is employed to measure the population transfer probability as a function of the total electronic energy difference between the initial and final atom-pair states over a range of Rydberg densities, $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\le}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The observed line shapes provide information on the role of beyond nearest-neighbor interactions, the range of Rydberg atom separations, and the electric field inhomogeneity in the sample. The widths of the resonance line shapes increase approximately linearly with the Rydberg density and are only a factor of 2 larger than expected for two-body, nearest-neighbor interactions alone. These results are in agreement with the prediction [B. Sun and F. Robicheaux, Phys. Rev. A 78, 040701(R) (2008)] that beyond nearest-neighbor exchange interactions should not influence the population transfer process to the degree once thought. At low densities, Gaussian rather than Lorentzian line shapes are observed due to electric field inhomogeneities, allowing us to set an upper limit for the field variation across the Rydberg sample. At higher densities, non-Lorentzian, cusplike line shapes characterized by sharp central peaks and broad wings reflect the random distribution of interatomic distances within the magneto-optical trap (MOT). These line shapes are well reproduced by an analytic expression derived from a nearest-neighbor interaction model and may serve as a useful fingerprint for characterizing the position correlation function for atoms within the MOT.
Evolution prediction from tomography

Quantum process tomography provides a means of measuring the evolution operator for a system at a fixed measurement time t. The problem of using that tomographic snapshot to predict the evolution operator at other times is generally ill-posed since there are, in general, infinitely many distinct and compatible solutions. We describe the prediction, in some "maximal ignorance" sense, of the evolution of a quantum system based on knowledge only of the evolution operator for finitely many times $$0<\tau _{1}<\dots <\tau _{M}$$0<?1<?<?M with $$M\ge 1$$M?1. To resolve the ill-posedness problem, we construct this prediction as the result of an average over some unknown (and unknowable) variables. The resulting prediction provides a description of the observer's state of knowledge of the system's evolution at times away from the measurement times. Even if the original evolution is unitary, the predicted evolution is described by a non-unitary, completely positive map.
Smart Power Grid Synchronization With Fault Tolerant Nonlinear Estimation

Effective real-time state estimation is essential for smart grid synchronization, as electricity demand continues to grow, and renewable energy resources increase their penetration into the grid. In order to provide a more reliable state estimation technique to address the problem of bad data in the PMU-based power synchronization, this paper presents a novel nonlinear estimation framework to dynamically track frequency, voltage magnitudes and phase angles. Instead of directly analyzing in $abc$ coordinate frame, symmetrical component transformation is employed to separate the positive, negative, and zero sequence networks. Then, Clarke's transformation is used to transform the sequence networks into the $\alpha\beta$ stationary coordinate frame, which leads to system model formulation. A novel fault tolerant extended Kalman filter based real-time estimation framework is proposed for smart grid synchronization with noisy bad data measurements. Computer simulation studies have demonstrated that the proposed fault tolerant extended Kalman filter (FTEKF) provides more accurate voltage synchronization results than the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The proposed approach has been implemented with dSPACE DS1103 and National Instruments CompactRIO hardware platforms. Computer simulation and hardware instrumentation results have shown the potential applications of FTEKF in smart grid synchronization.
Synthesis of 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles via DDQ-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Amidoximes

An oxidative cyclization of amidoximes to form 1,2,4-oxadiazoles, mediated by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), is described. A range of alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl substrates are tolerated under these conditions. This reaction serves as an alternate approach for the synthesis of functionally diverse oxadiazoles via a rapid and straightforward synthetic procedure.
Computed Tomography of the Sacral Plexus and Sciatic Nerve in the Greater Sciatic Foramen

The sacral plexus forms the sciatic nerve, which leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen. The anatomic boundaries of the greater sciatic foramen and the relation of the sacral plexus and sciatic nerve to the structures within are identified and described on axial computed tomography (CT). The piriform muscle, which passes through the center of the greater sciatic foramen, is a recognizable landmark that is extremely helpful in locating the sacral plexus and sciatic nerve on CT. The pelvic CT images of 25 patients studied for unrelated reasons and two patients studied for complaints related to the greater sciatic foramen were reviewed. CT was very useful in demonstrating the anatomy of this region and for the investigation of sciatic pain due to lesions outside the neural canal.
Developers' perspectives on transit-oriented development

Abstract The success of transit corridors in promoting sustainable regional growth hinges on location decisions made by private-sector developers. This paper centers on a series of interviews with 24 residential and commercial developers in the Twin Cities region. Developers were recruited for interviews using random sampling by residential/commercial and urban/suburban specialty. The authors analyzed interview transcripts using close readings and computerized content analysis focused on word frequency analysis and topic co-occurrence statistics. Recommendations for promoting transit-oriented development include reforming zoning and development regulations, broadening the focus of TOD to include frequent bus routes, providing greater certainty of future transit improvements. Recommendations for integrating TOD with affordable housing development include pursuing affordable-by-design solutions and engaging with affordable housing specialists.
DUNE FORMATION AND STABILIZATION BY VEGETATION AND PLANTINGS

Plantings of appropriate native and introduced plants and the management of extant vegetation are often very effective in promoting the development and maintenance of dunes that serve to protect shores against some types of erosion. The importance of dunes as barriers, the formation of dunes, and the role of plants and vegetation are considered. The types of vegetation of the three zones usually present over dune fields are described, and the general management to maintain such vegetation is discussed. Methods of making plantings on natural and artificial dunes by selecting, seeding, and transplanting the species that are most effective in building and stabilizing dunes are given.
Ruling Ideas: How Global Neoliberalism Goes Local

Ruling Ideas covers an extended historical period, starting with the Franco period in Spain and the Ceausescu period in Romania, discusses the economic integration of these countries into the EU, and continues through Europe's Great Recession and the European debt crisis. The broad historical coverage enables a careful analysis of how neoliberalism rules in times of stability and crisis and under different political systems.
WEAR AND OXIDATION OF RETRIEVED, LONG-TERM, 1ST GENERATION HXLPE COMPONENTS IN THA

Introduction Highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) was clinically introduced approximately a decade and a half ago to reduce polyethylene wear rates and subsequent osteolysis. Clinical and radiographic studies have repeatedly shown increased wear resistance, however concerns of rim oxidation and fatigue fracture remain. Although short to intermediate term retrieval studies of these materials are available, the long-term behavior of these materials remains unclear. Methods Between 2000 and 2015, 115 1st generation HXLPE acetabular liners implanted for 5 or more years were collected and analyzed as part of an ongoing, multi-institutional orthopaedic implant retrieval program. There were two material cohorts based on thermal processing (annealed (n=45) and remelted (n=70)). Each cohort was stratified into two more cohorts based on implantation time (5 – 10 years and >10 years). For annealed components, the intermediate-term liners (n=30) were implanted on average (±SD) for 7.3 ± 1.7 years while the long-term liners (n=15) were implanted for 11.3 ± 1.8 years. For remelted components, the intermediate-term liners (n=59) were implanted on average (±SD) for 7.2 ± 1.3 years while the long-term liners (n=11) were implanted for 11.3 ± 1.2 years. For each cohort, the predominant revision reasons were loosening, instability, and infection (Figure 1). Short-term liners (in-vivo For oxidation analysis, thin slices (∼200 μm) were taken from the superior/inferior axis and subsequently boiled in heptane for 6 hours to remove absorbed lipids that may interfere with the oxidation analysis. 3mm line profiles (in 100μm increments) were taken perpendicular to the surface at each region of interest. Oxidation indices were calculated according to ASTM 2102. Penetration was measured directly using a calibrated micrometer (accuracy=0.001mm). Results The penetration rates for both the annealed and remelted cohorts were low and similar between the two material cohorts (Figure 2). There were several cases of fractured zirconia heads associated with a manufacturer recall that resulted in higher penetration rates. At the bearing and rim surfaces, the annealed liners had higher oxidation indices than the remelted components (p Discussion Thermally treated first generation HXLPEs were introduced to reduce polyethylene wear and prevent oxidative degradation. The results of this study suggest that both thermally treated HXLPEs demonstrate lower penetration rates than conventional polyethylene, however, the resistance to oxidation was formulation dependent. Specifically, the remelted components were more effective at preventing oxidation than the annealed liners. However, despite the lack of measurable free radicals, we were able to observe temporal changes in the oxidation of the remelted liners. Future work will include analysis of long-term 1stgeneration annealed HXLPE to fully assess its performance in the second decade of service.
THE LACTIC ACID CONTENT OF RESTING MAMMALIAN MUSCLE

The amount of lactic acid present in resting, atonic mammalian muscle is very low—10 to 20 mg. per 100 gm. of tissue. We have obtained values from 10.5 to 50 mg. by freezing in situ the gastrocnemius of guinea pigs with CO2 snow. The animals were anesthetized with amytal and the muscles dissected as free from surrounding structures as possible without disturbing the nerve and blood supply. Packing CO2 snow around the muscle, starting at the insertion and proceeding to the origin, has given the lowest values for lactic acid.Fletcher1 found 59 mg. per cent in rabbit muscle, but excised the muscle before freezing it in liquid air. We have obtained similar results from animals which died (from the anesthetic) during the dissection, even though the muscles were frozen in situ immediately and without stimulation. It seems likely that mammalian muscle forms lactic acid with such rapidity when oxygenation is stopped that it is possible to obtain a value approximating the normal only when it is frozen with the cir...
Early results of infrageniculate arterial reconstruction using cryopreserved homograft saphenous conduit (CADVEIN) and combination low-dose systemic immunosuppression.

BACKGROUND The search continues for the ideal conduit for infrageniculate arterial reconstructions when the autogenous vein is unsuitable or unavailable. Based on experimental observations in our laboratory demonstrating improvement in canine cryopreserved allograft vein patency using systemic immunosuppression (Imsup), and the remarkable clinical success achieved in older (greater than 60 years of age) solid organ transplant recipients using combination low-dose Imsup, we studied the effects of Imsup on patency of cryopreserved homograft saphenous vein (CADVEIN) used for infrageniculate arterial reconstructions. STUDY DESIGN Under the Institutional Review Board protocol, 21 infrageniculate CADVEIN grafts were placed in 19 patients between July 1993 and August 1994 for limb salvage when autogenous veins were unavailable. An immunopharmacologic protocol consisting of low-dose cyclosporine A, azathioprine, prednisone, warfarin, aspirin, and vasodilators given orally was instituted. For various reasons, 15 patients in group 1 received Imsup; five patients never received Imsup, and one patient in group 2 received Imsup briefly. Follow-up examinations were completed using the time range of six to 18 months (mean, eight plus or minus one month). RESULTS One patient died (5.3 percent) 30 days after emergency combined venous graft and bilateral CADVEIN bypass. The actuarial 12-month primary patency in group 1 was 59.4 percent compared with 16.7 percent in group 2 (p < 0.015, log-rank test). Cellular rejection was typically seen in explanted CADVEIN. Systemic morbidity related to Imsup was minimal. The CADVEIN morbidity rate was significant: three graft aneurysms and four early graft ruptures. Major amputations were necessary in eight of 12 patients with graft closure. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that Imsup significantly improves CADVEIN patency with limited systemic morbidity; however, complications related to the conduit itself occurred with greater frequency and cause greater morbidity than when the autogenous veins were used. Much has yet to be learned regarding the preservation characteristics of CADVEIN and the immunologic interactions in patients receiving CADVEIN grafts, before further clinical use of this conduit can be recommended.
A method for eliminating difficult midforceps rotations: A reappraisal of the Leff forceps☆

Abstract The method of applying the short-bladed Leff forceps for occiput posterior and occiput transverse presentations is described. This instrument was used for 9 per cent of all midforceps deliveries at The Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn from 1961 to 1965, with minimal fetal and maternal trauma. It is suggested that trial with a Leff rotation should be the first step in the management of midpelvic malpresentations so as to eliminate the trauma produced by a classical forceps rotation.
Obesity alters molecular and functional cardiac responses to ischemia/reperfusion and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism

This study tested the hypothesis that obesity alters the cardiac response to ischemia/reperfusion and/or glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation, and that these differences are associated with alterations in the obese cardiac proteome and microRNA (miRNA) transcriptome. Ossabaw swine were fed normal chow or obesogenic diet for 6 months. Cardiac function was assessed at baseline, during a 30-minutes coronary occlusion, and during 2 hours of reperfusion in anesthetized swine treated with saline or exendin-4 for 24 hours. Cardiac biopsies were obtained from normal and ischemia/reperfusion territories. Fat-fed animals were heavier, and exhibited hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Plasma troponin-I concentration (index of myocardial injury) was increased following ischemia/reperfusion and decreased by exendin-4 treatment in both groups. Ischemia/reperfusion produced reductions in systolic pressure and stroke volume in lean swine. These indices were higher in obese hearts at baseline and relatively maintained throughout ischemia/reperfusion. Exendin-4 administration increased systolic pressure in lean swine but did not affect the blood pressure in obese swine. End-diastolic volume was reduced by exendin-4 following ischemia/reperfusion in obese swine. These divergent physiologic responses were associated with obesity-related differences in proteins related to myocardial structure/function (e.g. titin) and calcium handling (e.g. SERCA2a, histidine-rich Ca(2+) binding protein). Alterations in expression of cardiac miRs in obese hearts included miR-15, miR-27, miR-130, miR-181, and let-7. Taken together, these observations validate this discovery approach and reveal novel associations that suggest previously undiscovered mechanisms contributing to the effects of obesity on the heart and contributing to the actions of GLP-1 following ischemia/reperfusion.
Assemblytics: a web analytics tool for the detection of variants from an assembly.

Assemblytics is a web app for detecting and analyzing variants from a de novo genome assembly aligned to a reference genome. It incorporates a unique anchor filtering approach to increase robustness to repetitive elements, and identifies six classes of variants based on their distinct alignment signatures. Assemblytics can be applied both to comparing aberrant genomes, such as human cancers, to a reference, or to identify differences between related species. Multiple interactive visualizations enable in-depth explorations of the genomic distributions of variants. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: http://assemblytics.com, https://github.com/marianattestad/assemblytics CONTACT: mnattest@cshl.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Congruences for Powers of the Partition Function

Let \({p_{-t}}\)(n) denote the number of partitions of n into t colors. In analogy with Ramanujan’s work on the partition function, Lin recently proved that \({{p_{-3}}(11n+7) \equiv 0}\) (mod 11) for every integer n. Such congruences, those of the form \({{p_{-t}} (\ell n+a) \equiv 0}\) (mod \({\ell}\)), were previously studied by Kiming and Olsson. If \({\ell \geq 5}\) is prime and \({-t {\epsilon} \{\ell-1, \ell-3\}}\), then such congruences satisfy \({24a \equiv-t}\) (mod \({\ell}\)). Inspired by Lin’s example, we obtain natural infinite families of such congruences. If \({\ell \equiv 2}\) (mod 3) (\({\ell \equiv 3}\) (mod 4) and \({\ell \equiv 11}\) (mod 12), respectively) is prime and \({r \in \{4, 8, 14\}}\) (\({r \in \{6, 10\}}\) and r = 26, respectively), then for \({t = \ell s-r}\), where \({s \geq 0}\), we have that $${p_{-t}}(\ell n + \frac{r(\ell^{2}-1)}{24}-\ell\lfloor\frac{r(\ell^{2}-1)}{24\ell}\rfloor)\equiv0 \,\,({\rm mod} \ell).$$ Moreover, we exhibit infinite families where such congruences cannot hold.
Discovery and development of natural product oridonin-inspired anticancer agents

Natural products have historically been, and continue to be, an invaluable source for the discovery of various therapeutic agents. Oridonin, a natural diterpenoid widely applied in traditional Chinese medicines, exhibits a broad range of biological effects including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. To further improve its potency, aqueous solubility and bioavailability, the oridonin template serves as an exciting platform for drug discovery to yield better candidates with unique targets and enhanced drug properties. A number of oridonin derivatives (e.g. HAO472) have been designed and synthesized, and have contributed to substantial progress in the identification of new agents and relevant molecular mechanistic studies toward the treatment of human cancers and other diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in medicinal chemistry on the explorations of novel oridonin analogues as potential anticancer therapeutics, and provides a detailed discussion of future directions for the development and progression of this class of molecules into the clinic.
Adding metformin to insulin did not improve a composite of microvascular and macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.

Source Citation Kooy A, de Jager J, Lehert P, et al. Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern ...
Comparing Runtime Systems with Exascale Ambitions Using the Parallel Research Kernels

We use three Parallel Research Kernels to compare performance of a set of programming models(We employ the term programming model as it is commonly used in the application community. A more accurate term is programming environment, which is the collective of abstract programming model, embodiment of the model in an Application Programmer Interface (API), and the runtime that implements it.): MPI1 (MPI two-sided communication), MPIOPENMP (MPI+OpenMP), MPISHM (MPI1 with MPI-3 interprocess shared memory), MPIRMA (MPI one-sided communication), SHMEM, UPC, Charm++ and Grappa. The kernels in our study – Stencil, Synch_p2p and Transpose – underlie a wide range of computational science applications. They enable direct probing of properties of programming models, especially communication and synchronization. In contrast to mini- or proxy applications, the PRK allow for rapid implementation, measurement and verification. Our experimental results show MPISHM the overall winner, with MPI1, MPIOPENMP and SHMEM performing well. MPISHM and MPIOPENMP outperform the other models in the strong-scaling limit due to their effective use of shared memory and good granularity control. The non-evolutionary models Grappa and Charm++ are not competitive with traditional models (MPI and PGAS) for two of the kernels; these models favor irregular algorithms, while the PRK considered here are regular.
Delegation of Computation with Verification Outsourcing: Curious Verifiers

In the Cloud Computing paradigm, a user often reduces financial, personnel, and computational burdens by outsourcing computation and other IT services to a professional service provider. However, to be able to assure the correctness of the result, the user still needs to perform the verification himself. Such verification may be tedious and expensive. Consequently, users are likely to outsource (again) the verification workload to a third party. Other scenarios such as auditing and arbitrating may also require the use of third-party verification. Outsourcing verification will introduce new security challenges. One such challenge is to protect the computational task and the results from the untrusted third party verifier. In this work, we address this problem by proposing an efficient verification outsourcing scheme. To our knowledge, this is the first solution to the verification outsourcing problem. We show that, without using expensive fully-homomorphic encryption, an honest-but-curious third party can help to verify the result of an outsourced computational task without having to learn either the computational task or the result thereof. We have implemented our design by combining a novel commitment protocol and an additive-homomorphic encryption in the argument system model. The total cost of the verification in our design is less than the verifier's cost in the state-of-the-art argument systems that rely only on standard cryptographic assumptions.
Electroretinograms in autism: A pilot study of b-wave amplitudes

The authors recorded electroretinograms for 27 autistic patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Thirteen (48%) of the autistic patients demonstrated subnormal b-wave amplitudes, which may indicate abnormal retinal function. One patient was tested serially at two sites; his low b-wave amplitude did not vary over time or between the two sites. If this retinal finding can be confirmed at other laboratories and in larger samples of autistic patients, it might provide a marker for a specific subtype of autism.