cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The predictive value of repeated urine cell culture in soft agar for recurrences of transitional cell carcinoma.

Abstract To evaluate the predictive value for recurrences of repeated urine cell culture in double layer soft-agar in patients with transitional cell carcinoma, 272 urine samples were collected from 75 patients. After a limited period of follow-up (mean 19.5 ± 15.1 months) nine out of 46 patients with at least one evaluable culture and evaluable for clinical follow-up had a histologically proven recurrence preceded or accompanied by tumor colony growth in culture; one patient had tumor recurrence with growth negative urine cell culture; 15 patients had growth negative urine cell cultures and at first evaluation no recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma; 21 patients had growth positive urine cell cultures and no recurrence at first evaluation of follow-up. These two latter groups were evaluated again after an additional 30 months of follow-up. In the group with growth positive urine cell cultures (21 patients) nine patients (47.6%) developed a recurrence; 10 developed no recurrence. In the other group of patients with growth negative urine cell cultures (15 patients) six patients (40%) developed a recurrence, three following a growth positive urine cell culture. In the group of 46 evaluable patients in this study, 25 patients developed a recurrence, 21 had at least one growth positive culture. The sensitivity is 84% (21/25). Of 33 patients with positive cultures 21 have had a recurrence (64%) while 12/33 (36.7%) are “false positive.” The false negative rate is 36.4% (four of 11 patients developed recurrences not preceded by growth positive urine cell cultures). It is questionable if this is sufficient to defend the application for routine use of repeated urine cell culture to predict recurrences in transitional cell carcinoma patients. ( J. Urol., 142: 422-424, 1989 )
Accountability and "Racing to the Top" in New York State: A Report from the Front Lines.

Background & PurposeThis article focuses on the current educational reform movement in New York State resulting from the state's receipt of $700 million in Race to the Top (RTTT) money. Specificall...
Synaptic and intrinsic homeostasis cooperate to optimize single neuron response properties and tune integrator circuits.

Individual neurons' firing rates are regulated by homeostatic synaptic scaling and homeostatic regulation of intrinsic excitability. In this work, we perform simulations that demonstrate that a syn...
Fear of an Article V Convention

Article V of the U.S. Constitution provides that, “The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress....”
Focusing in Liquid Thermal Adsorption Systems

Focusing can be obtained in liquid thermal cycling zone adsorption by significantly increasing the temperature of the hot feed. To prevent boiling column pressure is raised. This method for concentrating dilute fluids was studied using the simulation package ADSIM. The systems studied were ethanol-water on silicalite and toluene-n-heptane on silica gel. Substantial concentration of dilute feeds while producing a pure solvent product were obtained. This research highlights the need for equilibrium data for liquid adsorption systems at elevated temperatures and pressures.
In Asian Americans, is Having a Family Member Diagnosed with Cancer Associated with Fatalistic Beliefs?

Objective: Cancer can evoke long-held cultural beliefs which either facilitate or impede efforts to expand the health literacy of families. Among these beliefs is fatalism which holds that controlling ones' outcome is not possible, and that ones' outcome is predestined. Some fatalistic beliefs are broadly held within the Asian American (AA) community and may be challenged or reinforced by the experience of having a family member diagnosed with cancer. This study evaluated the relationship between having a family member diagnosed with cancer and selected demographics in AAs on fatalistic beliefs. Methods: Data from 519 AA subjects from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health Information Trends Survey were used to complete a secondary analysis. Descriptive statistics characterize fatalistic beliefs. Four models using four questions assessed fatalistic beliefs as dependent variables and independent variables of having or not having a family member diagnosed with cancer, completing college or not, sex, and age were assessed using ordinal regression. Results: All of the fatalistic beliefs examined were endorsed by large portions of the subjects. When considering the role of being exposed to having a family member with cancer, it was associated with an increase in the likelihood in a belief that one is likely to get cancer, and everything can cause cancer. Being exposed to a family member diagnosed with cancer was not significantly associated with believing, there was little one could do to control their cancer risk. This belief was broadly rejected. While the belief that there are so many different recommendations about preventing cancer, it is hard to know what to do, was broadly endorsed and not associated with having a family member diagnosed with cancer. Conclusions: The major practice implications within oncology nursing suggest the importance in assessing cancer health literacy and providing corrective knowledge in families with a member diagnosed with cancer. While recognizing the need for more knowledge, cancer diagnoses may represent a significant teachable moment for family members enhancing their health knowledge and supporting behavioral change. Two beliefs were contradictory and broadly held with the AA community, thus support will be needed for further public health research.
Multilevel Correlates of Healthy BMI Maintenance and Return to a Healthy BMI among Children in Massachusetts.

Abstract Objectives: To examine predictors of healthy BMI maintenance (HBM) or return to a healthy BMI (RHB) among children. Methods: We studied 33,272 children in Massachusetts between 2008 and 2012. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine associations of individual- and neighborhood-level factors with the odds of: (1) HBM: maintenance of a healthy BMI ≥5th to <85th percentile and (2) RHB: transition to a healthy BMI range from an initial BMI ≥85th percentile between two clinic visits spanning an average of 3.5 years. Results: Racial/ethnic minorities had lower odds of HBM and RHB than non-Hispanic white children. Higher neighborhood educational attainment was associated with an increased odds of HBM and RHB. Higher neighborhood median household income, proximity to a supermarket, and access to more open recreational space were associated with a higher odds of HBM. Children of ages 2–5 years at baseline had higher odds of RHB and HBM than children 13 years and older. Conclusions: Early childho...
Mohand Tazerout: la vie et l’œuvre d’un intellectuel algérien

Toward the end of this multi-authored work, the sociologist Ahsene Zehraoui writes ‘we have had to wait many years to see M. Tazerout rescued from obscurity’ (195). Today that worthy objective has ...
Constraints on Friction, Dilatancy, Diffusivity, and Effective Stress From Low‐Frequency Earthquake Rates on the Deep San Andreas Fault

Families of recurring low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) within nonvolcanic tremor on the San Andreas Fault in central California are sensitive to tidal stresses. LFEs occur at all levels of the tides, are strongly correlated and in phase with the ~200 Pa shear stresses, and weakly and not systematically correlated with the ~2 kPa tidal normal stresses. We assume that LFEs are small sources that repeatedly fail during shear within a much larger scale, aseismically slipping fault zone and consider two different models of the fault slip: (1) modulation of the fault slip rate by the tidal stresses or (2) episodic slip, triggered by the tides. LFEs are strongly clustered with duration much shorter than the semidiurnal tide; they cannot be significantly modulated on that time scale. The recurrence times of clusters, however, are many times longer than the semidiurnal, leading to an appearance of tidal triggering. In this context we examine the predictions of laboratory-observed triggered frictional (dilatant) fault slip. The undrained end-member model produces no sensitivity to the tidal normal stress, and slip onsets are in phase with the tidal shear stress. The tidal correlation constrains the diffusivity to be less than ~1 × 10−6/s and the product of the friction and dilatancy coefficients to be at most 5 × 10−7, orders of magnitude smaller than observed at room temperature. In the absence of dilatancy the effective normal stress at failure would be about ~55 kPa. For this model the observations require intrinsic weakness, low dilatancy, and lithostatic pore fluid.
Do We Overemphasize the Role of Culture in the Behavior of Racial/Ethnic Minorities? Evidence of a Cultural (Mis)Attribution Bias in American Psychology

Although culture influences all human beings, there is an assumption in American psychology that culture matters more for members of certain groups. This article identifies and provides evidence of the cultural (mis)attribution bias: a tendency to overemphasize the role of culture in the behavior of racial/ethnic minorities, and to underemphasize it in the behavior of Whites. Two studies investigated the presence of this bias with an examination of a decade of peer reviewed research conducted in the United States (N = 434 articles), and an experiment and a survey with psychology professors in the United States (N = 361 psychologists). Archival analyses revealed differences in the composition of samples used in studies examining cultural or noncultural psychological phenomena. We also find evidence to suggest that psychologists in the United States favor cultural explanations over psychological explanations when considering the behavior and cognition of racial/ethnic minorities, whereas the opposite pattern emerged in reference to Whites. The scientific ramifications of this phenomenon, as well as alternatives to overcome it, are discussed in detail. (PsycINFO Database Record
All-Optical Logic Gates Based on Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

We propose a scheme to realize all-optical logic operation in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) considering the effects of two-photon abso...
Time Dependency of Deep-sea And Island Clays At Room And Elevated Temperatures

Results from an experimental program on creep behavior of fine-grained soils under drained, triaxial conditions are discussed. Tests were conducted at room and elevated temperatures. Soils tested included deep-sea illite and smectite, as well as a group of volcanic soils from Hawaii. The findings agree with general principles of material rate process theory with regard to temperature, but some deviations from expected behavior are observed with regard to long-term strain rate tendencies.
Learning for semantic parsing with kernels under various forms of supervision

Semantic parsing involves deep semantic analysis that maps natural language sentences to their formal executable meaning representations. This is a challenging problem and is critical for developing computing systems that understand natural language input. This thesis presents a new machine learning approach for semantic parsing based on string-kernel-based classification. It takes natural language sentences paired with their formal meaning representations as training data. For every production in the formal language grammar, a Support-Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is trained using string similarity as the kernel. Meaning representations for novel natural language sentences are obtained by finding the most probable semantic parse using these classifiers. This method does not use any hard-matching rules and unlike previous and other recent methods, does not use grammar rules for natural language, probabilistic or otherwise, which makes it more robust to noisy input. Besides being robust, this approach is also flexible and able to learn under a wide range of supervision, from extra to weaker forms of supervision. It can easily utilize extra supervision given in the form of syntactic parse trees for natural language sentences by using a syntactic tree kernel instead of a string kernel. Its learning algorithm can also take advantage of detailed supervision provided in the form of semantically augmented parse trees. A simple extension using transductive SVMs enables the system to do semi-supervised learning and improve its performance utilizing unannotated sentences which are usually easily available. Another extension involving EM-like retraining makes the system capable of learning under ambiguous supervision in which the correct meaning representation for each sentence is not explicitly given, but instead a set of possible meaning representations is given. This weaker and more general form of supervision is better representative of a natural training environment for a language-learning system requiring minimal human supervision. For a semantic parser to work well, conformity between natural language and meaning representation grammar is necessary. However meaning representation grammars are typically designed to best suit the application which will use the meaning representations with little consideration for how well they correspond to natural language semantics. We present approaches to automatically transform meaning representation grammars to make them more compatible with natural language semantics and hence more suitable for learning semantic parsers. Finally, we also show that ensembles of different semantic parser learning systems can obtain the best overall performance.
Mode Analysis of NMR Relaxation in a Polymer Melt

Spin–lattice relaxation rates of unentangled poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) melts of different M measured by field-cycling (FC) 1H NMR are analyzed using a new approach. By fitting the time domain mode distribution of the Rouse model to the experimental data, interpolation of the latter is achieved and a mode separation is performed. The evolution of the Rouse relaxation spectrum with increasing M is studied. From the model parameters, the diffusion coefficient D, the Rouse time τR, and the statistical length are calculated, all in good agreement with literature values and the Rouse model. The new approach allows for a more accurate calculation of the segmental mean square displacement, removes previous discrepancies between FC and field-gradient NMR and verifies the relevant relaxation theory. Furthermore, for the first time, the analysis provides the radius of gyration RG, the values of which are in agreement with literature values obtained by small-angle neutron scattering. The M-dependence RG ∝ M0.53±0...
Tissue Crosstalk in T1D: Is Insulin Special?

In a recent issue of Nature, Wan et al. (2018) show that glucose-stimulated β cells secrete insulin B chain peptides relevant to autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. Peptides such as insulin B:12-20 are released into circulation, where they can be directly and broadly presented by antigen-presenting cells throughout the lymphatic system.
Subharmonic Entrainment of Kerr Breather Solitons.

We predict subharmonic entrainment of breather-soliton oscillations to a periodic perturbation at the round-trip time ${T}_{R}$ in Kerr-nonlinear optical resonators; an integer ratio ${T}_{b}/{T}_{R}=N\ensuremath{\gg}1$ results for breathing period ${T}_{b}$. Rigid entrainment is observed with intermediate finesse ($\mathcal{F}\ensuremath{\sim}30--40$) for $N$ up to 20, and we propose a way to realize higher entrainment ratios at higher finesse. This nontrivial synchronization across the widely separated timescales of the photon lifetime and round-trip time points to a new direction for research in this field and may find application, for example, in the measurement of a pulse train repetition rate that is electronically inaccessible.
Low birth weight and children’s cognitive competence: the role of maternal warmth in early childhood

The present study examined the longitudinal associations among birth weight status, maternal warmth, and children’s cognitive competence within an at-risk sample (N = 1809) drawn from the Fragile F...
Autism and Developmental Disorders

The diagnosis and treatment of autistic disorder and related forms of pervasive developmental disorder have grown increasingly effective in the past several decades. After considerable study, autism has been differentiated from schizophrenia (Rumsey, Rapoport, & Scerry, 1985) and has been recognized as biological rather than psychogenic in origin (Schreibman, 1988), and as involving multiple etiologies (Reichler & Lee, 1987). Intensive behavioral interventions have been proved successful in bringing about important changes in persons with autism, although full recovery remains elusive for most patients (Schreibman, 1988).
The Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap Is a Safe and Effective Method of Partial Breast Reconstruction in the Setting of Breast-Conserving Therapy.

Background Reconstruction of partial breast defects in low-volume, nonptotic breasts can be challenging. The authors hypothesized that use of the latissimus dorsi flap in partial breast reconstruction is safe and associated with low complication and high patient satisfaction rates. Methods All patients who underwent breast-conserving therapy and latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2016, were identified in a prospectively maintained database. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and complications were recorded. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed with the BREAST-Q breast-conserving therapy module. A group of plastic surgeons and laypersons used a five-point Likert scale to evaluate aesthetic outcomes in representative patients. Results Forty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. Median follow-up was 5.4 years. Most patients (93.6 percent) underwent immediate reconstruction. The mean resection volume was 219.5 cc (range, 70 to 877 cc). The overall complication rate was 8.5 percent. Grade 2 or 3 ptosis (OR, 1.21; 95 percent CI, 1.0 to 1.46; p = 0.03), smoking (OR, 13.1; 95 percent CI, 1.2 to 143.2; p = 0.03), and multicentric tumor (OR, 1.23; 95 percent CI, 1.04 to 1.64; p = 0.02) were associated with a higher complication rate. Ductal carcinoma in situ was associated with reoperation for positive margins (OR, 14.4; 95 percent CI, 2.1 to 100; p = 0.009). Of particular interest, patient-reported outcomes were favorable, with the highest rated domains being Satisfaction with Breasts (61; interquartile range, 37 to 77), Psychosocial Well-being (87; interquartile range, 63 to 100), and Physical Well-being (87; interquartile range, 81 to 100). The median aesthetic score was 4 (of 5). Conclusions This is the first study to date using the BREAST-Q to assess patient-reported outcomes associated with the latissimus dorsi flap for partial breast reconstruction. The flap is safe and effective for reconstruction in the setting of breast-conserving therapy, providing aesthetically pleasing results with high patient satisfaction. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, IV.
Grinding against Genocide: Rhetorics of Shame, Sex, and Memory at the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe

The 2011 phenomenon “Grindr Remembers the Holocaust” represents one of the most controversial artifacts at the intersection of sex, shame, and Holocaust memory. Featuring men who have sex with men ...
Set-Based Predictive Control for Collision Detection and Evasion

We propose a set-based predictive control frame-work to predict inbound dynamic obstacles and optimize trajectories in the interest of safely guiding a vehicle towards a target. To account for uncertainties, the set-based controller generalizes conventional model predictive control and predicts the set that the state of a dynamical system might belong to. This generalization is used to formulate collision avoidance as a hard constraint in the set-based predictive control algorithm. As a proof-of-concept, the proposed framework is applied to a ground vehicle attempting to reach a target while anticipating and evading collisions with obstacles in the operating environment. Other applications of the controller and the associated optimal control problem are discussed.
A Method for the Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral α-Azido and α-Amino Ketones from Racemic α-Bromo Ketones, and Its Generalization to the Formation of Bonds to C, O, and S.

A new and practical method has been developed for the transformation of racemic α-bromo ketones to chiral α-azido and α-amino ketones with high enantioselectivity using phase transfer, ion-pair med...
Challenges to the economic integration of Afghan refugees in the U.S.

Informed by a modified segmented assimilation theory, we use 5% Census and American Community Survey data to examine the economic integration of Afghan refugees resettled in the U.S. First-wave Afg...
Three-dimensional modeling of propagating precipitation waves

A general three-dimensional model for propagating precipitation waves is presented. Structural features identified in experimental studies of propagating waves in the AlCl3/NaOH and NaAl(OH)4/HCl systems are described by the 3D model. Two forms of precipitate with different physical properties play key mechanistic roles in the wave propagation. Experimentally observed circular and spiral waves are simulated by the 3D model, as well as wave annihilation on the collision of two waves.
From Transcript to Tissue: Multiscale Modeling from Cell Signaling to Matrix Remodeling

Tissue-level biomechanical properties and function derive from underlying cell signaling, which regulates mass deposition, organization, and removal. Here, we couple two existing modeling frameworks to capture associated multiscale interactions-one for vessel-level growth and remodeling and one for cell-level signaling-and illustrate utility by simulating aortic remodeling. At the vessel level, we employ a constrained mixture model describing turnover of individual wall constituents (elastin, intramural cells, and collagen), which has proven useful in predicting diverse adaptations as well as disease progression using phenomenological constitutive relations. Nevertheless, we now seek an improved mechanistic understanding of these processes; we replace phenomenological relations in the mixture model with a logic-based signaling model, which yields a system of ordinary differential equations predicting changes in collagen synthesis, matrix metalloproteinases, and cell proliferation in response to altered intramural stress, wall shear stress, and exogenous angiotensin II. This coupled approach promises improved understanding of the role of cell signaling in achieving tissue homeostasis and allows us to model feedback between vessel mechanics and cell signaling. We verify our model predictions against data from the hypertensive murine infrarenal abdominal aorta as well as results from validated phenomenological models, and consider effects of noisy signaling and heterogeneous cell populations.
Rational design of charge-functional materials: Insights from molecular engineering and operando imaging

Emerging charge-functional electronic and electrochemical materials exhibit increasingly complex structure. Critical fundamental processes (e.g., charge transport, electrocatalysis) must work cooperatively across multiple time- and length scales to realize desired properties. Performance optimization in these materials demands an ultimate multifaceted, multiscale understanding of structure versus charge-function relationships, in order to address long-standing challenges associated with, for example, climate change, clean water, and human–machine interfacing. Across seemingly different applications (e.g., energy conversion, water desalination, biosensing), the overall system performance is governed by the same set of interrelated fundamental physiochemical processes, such as electronic transport, ionic transport, and interfacial electrocatalysis. In this article, we discuss how to approach rational design of charge-functional electronic and electrochemical materials by elucidating performance-governing fundamental processes, with a particular focus on insights obtained from molecular engineering and operando imaging of emerging material systems important for sustainability and health care.
A Single-Stage Isolated AC–DC Converter Based on the Impedance Control Network Architecture

This article introduces a new single-stage universal-input isolated ac–dc converter based on the impedance control network (ICN) architecture. This resonant converter performs both power factor correction and output voltage regulation while operating at a constant switching frequency and duty ratio, by modulating the phase-shift between its two half-bridge inverters and the phase-shift between the two legs of its full-bridge rectifier. This phase-shift control strategy along with the ICN architecture also enables the converter to achieve high efficiency by ensuring zero-voltage-switching and near-zero-current-switching of all its inverter transistors throughout the line cycle and across wide ranges of input line voltage and output power. Power density is enhanced by realizing the three ICN inductors using a single magnetic structure with two coupled windings. This coupled inductor and a transformer constitute the two magnetic components of the proposed converter. A systematic methodology to design this ICN ac–dc converter is also introduced. A universal-input (90–265 Vrms), 20-V output, 330-W, 400-kHz ICN ac–dc converter prototype is built and tested. This prototype achieves a power density of 37.9 W/in3 and peak efficiencies of 91.7%, 92.2%, 93.2%, and 93.4% at 90, 120, 230, and 265 Vrms input, respectively.
Towards the NMR solution Structure and the Dynamics of the C-terminal Region of APOL1 and its G1, G2 Variants with a Membrane Mimetic

ABSTRACT Secreted apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) is well known as an innate immune factor, protecting against African trypanosomiasis. The intracellular form has multiple functions, including regulating autophagy, intracellular vesicle trafficking, and ion channel activity. The APOL1 protein (G0) has two common variants (denoted G1 and G2) in the C-terminal region and are associated with a high risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and progression to end-stage kidney disease. Our previous studies using molecular modeling suggested that APOL1 G1 and G2 stabilize an autoinhibited state of the C-terminus, leading to impaired intracellular interactions with SNARE proteins. To characterize the structural consequence of kidney disease-associated APOL1 variants further, we assigned the C-terminal region proteins using 1H, 13C, 15N multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra in solution in the presence of membrane mimetic dodecylphosphocholine micelles. We then derived models for the three-dimensional structure of APOL1-G0, and -G1 and -G2 variant C-terminal regions using the chemical shifts of the main chain nuclei followed by NMR relaxation measurements. The data suggest that changes in the three-dimensional structure of APOL1 C-terminal region induced by kidney disease-associated variants, not least the alteration of key sidechains and their interactions, could disrupt membrane association and the yet to be characterized protein-protein interactions including its binding partners, such as SNARE proteins. Such interactions could underlie the intracellular mechanisms that mediate the pathogenesis of CKD. In the future, one may try to reverse such structural and dynamics changes in the protein by designing agents that may bind and then mitigate APOL1 variant-associated CKD.
Random Multiple Access With Hierarchical Users

Classical random access protocols support prioritized user groups by allowing a high priority user to transmit with a relatively high probability. However, when a high priority user competes for the channel with a large number of low priority users, transmission success probability of the high priority user can still diminish to zero. In this paper, a distributed medium access control (MAC) framework is proposed to support hierarchical user groups in a random multiple access system in the following senses. First, when the number of primary users is small, the MAC framework guarantees that channel availability should stay above a pre-determined threshold no matter how many secondary users are competing for the channel. Second, when the number of primary users is large, the MAC framework drives transmission probabilities of the secondary users to zero but does not reject channel access to the primary users. These properties are achieved in a distributed environment without direct message exchange between users, without knowledge on the number of users, and without knowing whether each transmission should belong to a primary or a secondary user. The MAC framework is also extended to systems where each user can be equipped with multiple transmission options.
Numerical Modeling of the Injection of Nanoparticles in Saturated Cementitious Material by Electromigration

AbstractThis paper presents numerical modeling of nanoparticles injected into cementitious material using the electromigration method. In order to remediate leaking wells in CO2 storage formations,...
Post-Trauma Follow-up Phone Call Shows Lower Readmission Rates for Patients Discharged From Emergency Department Compared to Inpatient Stay.

BACKGROUND Studies show follow-up phone calls decrease readmission rates (RR) in trauma patients and social vulnerabilities may play a role as well. Minimal literature exists comparing RR of trauma patients who required an inpatient stay to those whose treatment was limited to the Emergency Department (ED), as they are at high risk of recidivism. We hypothesized post-trauma follow-up calls would show higher RR for ED patients than those requiring inpatient stay, as well as potentially differing outcomes for minorities. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis from 2019-2020 of 1328 trauma patients from UCI Medical Center, discharged from inpatient facilities or the ED. A questionnaire script read by a nurse practitioner to patients via phone call following discharge. Data associated with readmission were captured. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, controlling for patient factors including severity of injury. RESULTS Patients discharged from the ED were 47.4% less likely to be readmitted than those who required an inpatient stay (P < .01). However, ED patients were 88.7% less likely to receive a prescription than inpatient stay patients (P < .01). No difference between ED and inpatient discharge contact rates was noted (P < .99). Furthermore, no difference in readmission rates was noted for minorities. CONCLUSION Post-trauma follow-up calls showed lower RR for index ED visit patients than those requiring inpatient stay, contrary to expectations. However, ED visit patients were also less likely to receive/fill prescriptions compared to those requiring inpatient stay. Ongoing analysis is warranted to further validate and improve follow-up call programs to ensure equitable health care.
High sensitivity for lung cancer detection using analysis of exhaled carbonyl compounds.

Abstract Objective Several volatile carbonyl compounds in exhaled breath have been identified as cancer-specific markers. The potential for these markers to serve as a screening test for lung cancer is reported. Methods Patients with computed tomography–detected intrathoracic lesions and healthy control participants were enrolled from 2011 onward. One liter of breath was collected from a single exhalation from each participant. The contents were evacuated over a silicon microchip, captured by oximation reaction, and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Concentrations of 2-butanone, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, and 4-hydroxyhexanal were measured. The overall population was divided into 3 groups: those with lung cancer, benign disease, and healthy controls. An elevated cancer marker was defined as ≥1.5 SDs above the mean concentration of the control population. One or more elevated cancer markers constituted a positive breath test. Results In all, 156 subjects had lung cancer, 65 had benign disease, and 194 were healthy controls. A total of 103 (66.0%) lung cancer patients were early stage (stage 0, I, and II). For ≥1 elevated cancer marker, breath analysis showed a sensitivity of 93.6%, and a specificity of 85.6% for lung cancer patients. Additionally, 83.7% of stage I tumors ≤2 cm were detected; whereas only 14% of the control population tested positive. In a comparison of cancer to benign disease, specificity was proportional to the number of elevated cancer markers present. Conclusions Screening using a low-dose CT scan is associated with high cost, repeated radiation exposure, and low accrual. The high sensitivity, convenience, and low cost of breath analysis for carbonyl cancer markers suggests that it has the potential to become a primary screening modality for lung cancer.
Teaching statistics using classic psychology research: an activities-based approach

In this article, we discuss a collection of active learning activities derived from classic psychology studies that illustrate the appropriate use of descriptive and inferential statistics.
Online Technical Appendix for 'The Emergence of Opinion Leaders in a Networked Online Community: A Dyadic Model with Time Dynamics and a Heuristic for Fast Estimation'

This is the Online Technical Appendix to accompany the paper "The Emergence of Opinion Leaders in a Networked Online Community: A Dyadic Model with Time Dynamics and a Heuristic for Fast Estimation." This paper is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1562245.
New Drug Development: Estimating entry from human clinical trials

This paper analyses a detailed data set on drugs in human clinical trials around the world between 1989 and 2002. The data provides information on the probabilities with which drugs successfully complete the different phases of the trials and the durations of successful completions. The paper shows that success rates and durations can vary substantially across observable characteristics of the drugs, including primary indication, originating company, route of administration and chemistry. It suggests that analysis of this type of data can help us to answer questions such as: Do AIDS drugs get to market faster? Do Biotech drugs have higher probabilities of getting to market? This paper provides some general statistics for analyzing these questions.
Electrically tunable organic vertical cavity surface emitting laser

Using solvent-free composite membrane transfer, we demonstrate an electrically tunable organic visible light-emitting laser with reversible tuning range of 10 nm under 6 V actuation. Large-area scalability of utilized fabrication methods suggests potential use in all-optical pressure-sensing surfaces.
The Reversed Role of Magnets in St. Louis: Implications for Black Student Outcomes.

Magnet schools were originally created to attract a diverse student population. Using data from the 23 magnet schools in St. Louis, this longitudinal study is twofold: first, to review the performa...
Dynamics of chromaticity horizontal cells in the freshwater turtle retina

A model of the cone-horizontal cell circuit is presented based on morphological evidence recently found in the Reeves' turtle: a luminosity horizontal cell (LHC) that receives inputs from red-, green-, and blue-sensitive cones in the ratio of 15:3:1, a triphasic horizontal cell (THC) that receives inputs from one class of red-sensitive and from blue-sensitive cones in the ratio of 2:1; and a biphasic chromaticity horizontal cell (BHC) that receives inputs from green-sensitive cones as well as from a special class of red-sensitive (i.e. the broad spectrum) and from blue-sensitive cones in the ratio of 3:2:1. A study of the simulated impulse responses strongly suggests that the basic response patterns of the BHC and THC can be readily explained by a simple wiring diagram consisting of direct hyperpolarizing inputs from the appropriate cones and a depolarizing input from the LHC which acts as a voltage inverter. A negative feedback circuit from the LHC to the cone pedicles is included and its negative feedback gain increases as the mean illuminance level (Io) increases. The negative feedback circuit, which promotes adaptation in the cones to changing Io's, is not necessary for opponent polarization in the BHC or THC, but does explain variabilities of impulse responses.
Image plane detector spectrophotometer: application to O 2 atmospheric band nightglow

A new variety of low resolution spectrometer is described. This device, an image plane detector spectrophotometer, has high sensitivity and modest resolution sufficient to determine the rotational temperature and brightness of molecular band emissions. It uses an interference filter as a dispersive element and a multichannel image plane detector as the photon collecting device. The data analysis technique used to recover the temperature of the emitter and the emission brightness is presented. The atmospheric band of molecular oxygen is used to illustrate the use of the device.
Trace metals in biological matrices

Abstract A report on the 9th annual meeting of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies held at the Franklin Plaza Hotel, Philadelphia, PA on September 19–24, 1982.
Spin and isospin effects in a relativistic treatment of p̄-atom shifts and widths

The relativistic impulse approximation is used to generate scalar and vector optical potentials for p-bar atoms which are used to investigate spin and isospin dependent effects. These potentials describe the isospin dependence of shifts and widths for the oxygen isotopes very well. Definite predictions are made for the spin-orbit dependence of the shifts and widths in Yb and Th, for which experimental results are becoming available. There appear to be significant discrepancies. The importance of including the electromagnetic spin-orbit interaction and the long tails of weakly bound nucleons is pointed out.
Constraining model transient climate response using independent observations of solar‐cycle forcing and response

[1] The phenomenon of 11-year solar cycles has a well-measured forcing, and the response in surface temperature is confirmed using multiple datasets, including reanalysis (NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40) and blended in situ land-ocean data (GISS and HadCRUT3). Missing coverage in the historical in situ station data reduces the amplitude of the response compared to the geographically complete reanalysis data, but all extracted signals are statistically robust. A transient climate sensitivity parameter can be defined once forcing and response are known. The coupled atmosphere-ocean models participating in the 4th Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) span a large range in their transient climate response (TCR). Using observational results on the response to the 11-year solar variation, we derive a constraint for the TCR. It is seen that, compared with our derived constraint, most models assessed by IPCC AR4 have too low a TCR, even lower than that derived from the station data.
Conductivity and voltammetry in liquid and supercritical halogenated solvents.

A previous study of the voltammetry of ferrocene in liquid and supercritical chlorodifluoromethane revealed electrochemically reversible behavior. However, shifts in the half-wave potential as a function of fluid conditions were observed which were tentatively attributed to ohmic distortion due to changes in fluid resistance. To more completely understand the voltammetry in this fluid, conductivity measurements have been made for a range of fluid conditions. Additionally, a second reference couple, cobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate, has been introduced, and the difference in half-wave potentials between the two redox couples has been examined as a function of fluid conditions. In the liquid, the difference in the half-wave potentials of the two couples corrected for ohmic distortion decreases as the fluid temperature increases (25−85 °C) at constant pressure (5.2 MPa). In the supercritical fluid at constant temperature (115 °C), the difference in the half-wave potentials corrected for ohmic distortion is ...
Redox initiated cationic polymerization

A novel catalytic method for carrying out the cationic polymerizations has been developed based on a redox initiator system in which the reducing component is delivered to the reaction mixture in the vapor state. The redox couple consists of a diaryliodonium salt that is dissolved in the monomer and a noble metal catalyst is added. The silane reducing agent is introduced to the reaction mixture in the vapor state using air as the carrier gas. Reduction of the diaryliodonium salt by the silane results in the liberation of a Bronsted superacid that initiates cationic polymerizations. A study of the effects of variations in the structures of the diaryliodonium salt, the silane, and the type of noble metal catalyst was carried out. In principle, the initiator system is applicable to all types of cationically polymerizable monomers and oligomers including: the ring-opening polymerizations of such heterocyclic monomers as epoxides and oxetanes and, in addition, the polymerization of vinyl ether monomers such as vinyl ethers. The use of this initiator system for carrying out commercially attractive cross-linking polymerizations for coatings, composites, and encapsulations is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1825–1835, 2009
Non-Destructive Measurement of Water Diffusion in Natural Cork Enclosures Using Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging

Terahertz (THz) imaging enables non-destructive evaluation of many materials’ internal structures which could not be probed by visual analysis alone. In this paper, we apply THz imaging to non-destructively probe and image the diffusion of water through natural cork samples. The temporal and spatial distribution of water is analyzed as it diffuses throughout the cork structure. An average diffusion coefficient comparable to previous work in the field is extracted from this analysis. Data is also presented to show that the diffusion coefficient is not uniform throughout the cork but changes dramatically due to the local structure and composition of the cork.
Two- and Three-Dimensional Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Imaging in Live Bacteria Cells

Single-molecule imaging has extended the resolution of fluorescence microscopy down to the nanometer scale. This super-resolution technique is non-invasive, tolerates simple sample preparation, and takes advantage of high-specificity labeling schemes. We will discuss recent studies focused on imaging protein structure and dynamics in live bacterial cells, with attention to the particular challenges that this system presents: the organisms are small, have short cell cycles, live in specific environments, and their organization is relatively poorly understood. We have developed methods to extend the capabilities of single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to study motion and localization in live Caulobacter crescentus, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.FtsZ is an essential protein that polymerizes at the mid-cell, recruits the division machinery, and may generate constrictive forces necessary for cytokinesis. Based on astigmatism and on the natural dynamics of the protein, we resolve in two and three dimensions the midplane Z-ring formed by FtsZ, in C. crescentus. We further apply live-cell single-molecule imaging to two prokaryotes of biomedical interest, V. cholerae, and the gut symbiont B.thetaiotaomicron. The V. cholerae protein TcpP is a rare example of a membrane-bound transcription factor, and we have investigated the dynamics and localization of TcpP, its binding partner ToxR, and the toxT gene they regulate, in order to elucidate the mechanism of membrane-bound transcription activation. The starch utilization system (Sus) allows B. thetaiotaomicron to catabolize complex carbohydrates, and we have investigated the response of Sus proteins to stimuli with live anaerobic cell single-molecule imaging.
Detection of adenovirus by rapid 24-well plate centrifugation and conventional cell culture with dexamethasone.

Abstract Two methods for rapid detection of adenovirus were tested: (i) 24-well plate centrifugation followed by staining with a monoclonal antibody after incubation for 24 h and 48 h, and (ii) pretreatment of A549 cells used in conventional cell culture and 24-well plate centrifugation with 10 −5 M dexamethasone. Twenty-seven clinical isolates of adenovirus and 12 specimens from which adenovirus had been recovered were included in the analysis. Both isolates and specimens had been frozen at −70°C for up to 6 months. By 24-well plate centrifugation both with and without dexamethasone, 21 (78%) and 27 (100%) isolates were positive for adenovirus at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Of the specimens, 6 (50%) and 8 (67%) were positive by 24-well plate centrifugation without dexamethasone at 24 h and 48 h, respectively, whereas with dexamethasone 3 (25%) were positive at 24 h and 7 (58%) were positive at 48 h. Overall, combining isolates and specimens, the sensitivity of 24-well plate centrifugation for detection of adenovirus at 24 h was 69% without dexamethasone and 62% with dexamethasone, and at 48 h the sensitivity was 90% without dexamethasone and 87% with dexamethasone. The specificity under all conditions tested was 100%. In conventional tissue culture dexamethasone inhibited recovery of adenovirus. Without dexamethasone, adenovirus was recovered from all 39 samples within 7 days after inoculation; however with dexamethasone pretreatment, the virus was detected in only 31 (79%) of the samples tested in the same period of time.
Communication and control in a cluster network

This paper advocates a certain type of computer network which we call a cluster network. The name is derived from the characteristic topology of the network which consists of processors grouped into clusters. The cluster design presented here assumes that: (1) processors are physically near each other; (2) each processor has a local memory; (3) network control of scheduling, resource allocation, and interprocess communication will be implemented in software.
Preshock, scopolamine, and genetic strain as determinants of the effects of punishment

A 1.0 mg/kg dose of scopolamine was more effective in attenuating preshock-produced augmentation of a response to test punishment than was a 0.5 mg/kg dose. Further, both the preshock and drug effects were dependent upon the strain of S.