cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application performance improvement on the iPSC/2 computer

The performance of concurrent computers depends fundamentally on the capabilities of the individual processing nodes and the characteristics of the interprocessor communication system. The Intel iPSC®/2 is significantly better in both categories than the original iPSC (iPSC/1). This paper will briefly compare the hardware of the two machines and then discuss the actual measured performance improvement of several kernels of application codes. The improvements vary from a factor of two and a half to more than a factor of 30.
The possible role of α-crystallins in human senile cataractogenesis

Abstract α -Crystallins possess molecular chaperone properties and are one of the most abundant of the lenticular proteins. Posttranslational modifications of these proteins have been implicated as a possible etiology of human cataracts. This article will review current knowledge concerning the effects of known posttranslational modifications upon the molecular chaperone properties and aggregation behavior of α -A and α -B crystallin. Based upon these effects, experimental approaches will be discussed that may be useful in the development of reagents that may selectively inhibit the cataractogenic process in the aging human lens.
Immunochemical studies of Sindbis virus variants

We have demonstrated that the small plaque (SP) variant of Sindbis virus is more extensively neutralized by complete antibody and serum IgG fractions than is the large plaque (LP) variant. The Fc portion failed to demonstrate any neutralizing potential and did not block subsequent neutralization by IgG or Fab fragments. The LP and SP variants of Sindbis gave identical patterns upon isoelectric focusing. Treatment of the virus with intact serum IgG or isolated Fab fragments was found not to have an irreversible effect on the net charge of the virus population. The selective processes involved in the maturation of the nucleocapsid implicate the incorporation of charged host determinants which are then reflected in the charge of the virion. It is suggested that the virus core has a preferential affinity for those components of the plasma membranes which have an isoelectric point at pH 3.6.
Evaluation of two commercially available carbon dioxide sampling nasal cannulae.

Our study compared two commercially available carbon dioxide sampling nasal cannulae for efficacy of oxygenation and relationship of end-tidal carbon dioxide (Petco 2) to arterial carbon dioxide (Paco2). The two-prong nasal cannula (2PNC) has one prong dedicated to delivering O2 via one naris and the second prong dedicated to sampling exhaled gases via the other naris. The four-prong nasal cannula (4PNC) delivers O2 via a prong in each naris, and samples exhaled gases via another set of prongs in each naris. Forty six patients were divided into three groups, which received either 2 (n = 15), 3 (n = 16), or 4(n = 15) L/min O2, respectively, and were studied sequentially with standard nasal cannula (SNC), the 2PNC, and then the 4PNC. At each O2 flow rate, Pao2 was equivalent regardless of whether the SNC, 2PNC, or 4PNC was used. Seventy-four percent (34/46) of the 2PNC and 0% (0/46) of the 4PNCPetco2 values were within ±4 torr of the Paco2 value. The authors conclude that the 2PNC and 4PNC are equally effective compared with an SNC in oxygenating patients, but thePetco2 measured by the 2PNC provides a superior quantitative estimate of the Paco2 than that obtained by the 4PNC.
Habiletés propres au travail avec le groupe comme entité

L'article traite des habiletes particulierement utiles au travailleur social qui veut vraiment tirer profit des ressources d'un groupe en tant qu'entite. On y presente trois habiletes fondamentales pour toute intervention de groupe, puis seize habiletes plus ponctuelles, les unes davantage utiles durant la phase de formation du groupe, les autres surtout de nature a faciliter la reussite de la phase de travail du groupe. Une feuille de pointage est proposee en annexe, a titre d'outil pour faciliter la consignation de donnees d'observation.
Mesoscale Convective Systems over Western Equatorial Africa and Their Relationship to Large-Scale Circulation

Abstract This study examines mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over western equatorial Africa using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. This region experiences some of the world’s most intense thunderstorms and highest lightning frequency, but has low rainfall relative to other equatorial regions. The analyses of MCS activity include the frequency of occurrence, diurnal and annual cycles, and associated volumetric and convective rainfall. Also evaluated is the lightning activity associated with the MCSs. Emphasis is placed on the diurnal cycle and on the continental-scale motion fields in this region. The diurnal cycle shows a maximum in MCS count around 1500–1800 LT, a morning minimum, and substantial activity during the night; there is little seasonal variation in the diurnal cycle, suggesting stationary influences such as orography. Our analysis shows four maxima in MCS activity, three of which are related to local geography (two orographic and one over Lake Victoria)....
Complex algorithm optimization through probabilistic search of its configuration tree

We present a novel algorithm to automatically configure complex video processing systems when adapting them to new datasets or scenarios. This has the main benefit of significantly reducing the time spent by a system expert on parameter tuning. Our approach has two main components: (1) a configuration tree structure that organizes system parameters and procedures in a systematic manner and facilitates identifying viable system configurations; and (2) a probabilistic sampling approach on the configuration tree that efficiently searches for the optimal configuration. We have successfully applied the proposed approach to optimize the configurations for two different video processing modules: a motion detection & tracking pipeline and a streaming video segmentation algorithm. The automatically discovered configurations produced better performance than the best manual configurations, while requiring significantly less human effort and domain-specific expertise.
The Pedagogy of Green Engineering in Undergraduate Heat Transfer

The work provides an outline for instructors who wish to incorporate green engineering concepts into a typical non-green engineering course. The outline is the result of the assessment of the incorporation of green engineering concepts into a traditional, design and analysis oriented heat transfer course offered to chemical engineering students in the fall semester of their junior year. This work not only incorporates the instructor’s assessment of the newly greened course but also assessment of the same course by a student task force. This work includes portions of the instructor’s assessment, the student task force’s independent assessment of the course as well as the task force’s assessment of the instructor’s proposed modifications to the course. Finally, the student task force has identified 5 critical elements to the successful integration of green engineering concepts into a traditional, design-oriented, non-green engineering course. Even though this study focuses on green engineering as it relates to heat transfer, the assessment and suggestions are relevant to all engineering courses that have integrated green engineering topics.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Alterations in bone-marrow cellularity following thymectomy in rats

The number of nucleated marrow cells was decreased following neonatal thymectomy in rats, and was corrected by administration of syngeneic lymphoid cells, or by implantation of a syngeneic testis. These results suggest that, in the rat, as has been shown previously in the mouse, lymphoid cells exert parital control over bone marrow cellularity and this effect may be further modulated by sex steroids.
Study of temperature-dependent carrier transport in a p-GaN/i-InGaN/n-GaN solar cell heterostructure using ultrafast spectroscopy

Temperature-dependent carrier transport is investigated using ultrafast spectroscopy in a p-GaN/i-InGaN/n-GaN solar cell with heavily-doped layers to compensate for polarization charges at the hetero-interface. We observe a flip in the transport direction at 110 K.
Simple main effects in factorial designs

For experimental designs with more than two factors, the concept of complexity of an interaction is introduced and used to extend the hypothesis testing strategies recommended by Keppel, Milliken & Johnson and others. The strategies are illustrated for the three-factor design.
The opioid ligand binding of human μ-opioid receptor is modulated by novel splice variants of the receptor

The pharmacological actions of morphine and morphine-like drugs, such as heroin, mediate primarily through the mu-opioid receptor (MOR). It has been proposed that the functional diversity of MOR may be related to alternative splicing of the MOR gene. Although a number of MOR mRNA splice variants have been reported, their biological function has been controversial. In this study, two novel splice variants of the human MOR gene were discovered. Splice variants 1 and 2 (here called the SV1 and SV2) retain different portions of intron I. In vitro translation of SV1 and SV2 produced proteins with the predicted molecular weights. The splice variant proteins were identical to the wild-type MOR-1 up to the first transmembrane domains, but were different after the first intracellular loop domains. SV1 and SV2 of hMOR were present in human neuroblastoma NMB cells and human whole brain confirmed by RT-PCR. In a receptor binding assay, cells expressing the SV1 and SV2 do not exhibit binding to [(3)H]diprenorphine. The formations of MOR.SV1 and MOR.SV2 heterodimers were demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer between MOR and splice variants. Co-transfection of MOR-GFP and SV-DsRed gene showed that MOR and SV protein co-localized at the cytoplasmic membrane. In NMB cells expressing human MOR gene, transfection of SV1 or SV2 reduced binding activity of the endogenous MOR. These data support a potential role of SV1 and SV2 proteins as possible biological modulator of human mu-opioid receptor.
Variation of CO2 partial pressure in surface seawater in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

Abstract The partial pressure of CO2 gas in surface seawater (pCO2sea) and in the atmosphere (pCO2air) was continually measured in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during two US JGOFS cruises in 1992. Time-series measurements at the equator and 140°W show that the pCO2 of surface seawater varied by 30 μatm during the 2 week period of the experiment with a diurnal variation of close to 8 μatm. The diurnal variations of pCO2sea were associated with the diurnal variations in sea surface water temperature, but the larger variation of pCO2sea on a weekly time-scale was associated with water movements (equatorial upwelling and passage of a tropical instability wave) rather than heating or cooling of surface seawater. The water movements are characterized by change in temperature as well as salinity, total inorganic carbon and total alkalinity. During the upwelling period, pCO2sea increased whereas sea surface temperature decreased. From the equator to 13°S, pCO2sea decreased from 430 μatm to 340 μatm whereas the sea surface temperature increased from 25.4°C to 28.3°C. However, there was no overall correlation between pCO2sea and sea surface temperature. Indeed, the pCO2sea varied irregularly with temperature across a complex system of fronts and eddies. The observed diurnal variations of pCO2sea while the ship was in transit between Tahiti and the equator were up to 8 μatm.
Are mammography recommendations in women younger than 40 related to increased risk

Our objective was to examine the association between self-reported breast cancer risk factors and reported physician recommendations for mammography among women younger than 40. This study uses the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and includes 2,703 women ages 30-39 who reported having seen a doctor in the past 12 months. The NHIS is a population-based, cross-sectional survey of adult respondents in the United States. Overall, 19.0% of these women reported a recent mammography recommendation. Among women reporting no prior mammogram, women ages 30-34 with risk factors for breast cancer were more likely to report a recent mammogram recommendation than women without risk factors. There was no such association for women ages 35-39. Among women who reported a prior mammogram, risk factors were not associated with a recommendation for mammography; there was an association with age and recent clinical breast examination. Despite a lack of evidence-based guidelines for women under 40 years of age, these data suggest some younger women are being recommended for early mammography without indication. The relative benefits and harms of recommending mammography in this age group need further examination.
Prognosis and treatment of asymptomatic coronary artery disease

Despite the large number of studies dealing with the natural history of angiographically defined coronary artery disease, there is still a paucity of data on the prognosis of totally asymptomatic persons. From the small number of reported studies, it appears that prognosis in selected asymptomatic patients may be better than that of symptomatic patients. However, the annual mortality rate in the subgroup of asymptomatic patients with triple vessel disease was as high as 4 to 5% in some studies that included patients with prior myocardial infarction or mild symptoms, or both. This has reinforced the views of those who advocate a more aggressive medical/surgical approach to asymptomatic patients with left main and triple vessel disease, especially if they have had a prior infarction. Although several small series of surgically treated patients have been reported to have excellent short-term survival rates, the absence of adequate control groups in nearly all of these studies has left the issue of prophylactic revascularization unresolved. Until there is more knowledge of prognosis in patients not operated on, it is likely to remain unresolved.
LATE HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA IN VERY-LON-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS FED EXCLUSIVELY HUMAN MILK

In a study to evaluate mothers' own milk for pre mature infants, we followed nonfasting serum triglyceride and cholesterol in 13 infants (gest age=29÷1 [S.D.] wks, birth wt 1205÷209 g) exclusively fed own mother's milk for > 18 wks. Triglycerides during hospitalization were 166-121, 153÷67. and 154÷96 mg/dl at 31, 33, and 35 wks post conceptional age respectively. Mean cholesterol in the nursery was 138÷31 mg/dl, and mean fat intake was 5.3÷1.6 g/kg/day which did not correlate with triglyceride or cholesterol. After discharge (mean stay 60÷18 days) triglyceride rose to 371÷324 mg/dl by 47÷6 wks post conceptional age (p<0.01 compared to 35 wks) and cholesterol decreased to 116÷37 mg/dl. Serum triglycerides measured in 25 exclusively breast-fed full term infants at 47 weeks post-conceptional age were 185.4÷81.3 mg/dl, significantly lower (p<.02) than the preterm infants at this time. At 47 wks post conceptional age, 3 of the preterm infants had severe hypertriglyceridemia--730, 810. & 1100 mg/dl. Lipid profiles showed Type I hyperlipidemia (hyperchylomicronemia), with normal levels of apoprotein CII. In 2 infants studied, post heparin extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase was absent, while hepatic lipase was in the high normal range. One year follow-up revealed normal triglycerides w/o hyperchylomicronemia. In conclusion, we report severe hypertriglyceridemia may occur post hospitalization in preterm infants fed mother's milk. This may represent a transient deficiency of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase.
Anatomy of an energy-coupling mechanism--the interlocking catalytic cycles of the ATP sulfurylase-GTPase system.

ATP sulfurylase, from Escherichia coli K-12, conformationally couples the rates and chemical potentials of the two reactions that it catalyzes, GTP hydrolysis and activated sulfate synthesis. The e...
The Treatment of Women Within the Criminal Justice System: An Inquiry into the Social Impact of the Women's Rights Movement.

Two studies considered the possible impact of the feminist movement upon criminal justice decisions relating to women. One body of data confirmed a trend away from indiscriminate leniency in the punishment of female criminals during the women's movement. Courtroom and parole board decisions determining length of imprisonment showed an improving alignment of punishment and criminal circumstances for women and men. The second set of data disclosed that an increased seriousness was accorded to the crime of rape as feminism became more influential. Rape, as a violation of the woman's right to bodily self-determination, was punished more harshly during the period of greater feminist influence, a fact that was not true of other male violent crimes. The women's movement appears to have brought about a more realistic balance of female and male responsibilities before the law as well as a greater respect for women's sexual rights.
Krylov Subspace Methods for Rigid Bodies With Compliant Contact and Cohesion

Using particle based methods to simulate the behavior of compliant material is a complex task. When investigating the behavior of compliant terrain with hundreds of thousands of bodies in contact, millions of unknowns need to be determined. The size of problems solvable using traditional methods such as Jacobi or Gauss Seidel are severely limited due to the poor rate of convergence. This rate of convergence is typical when the equations of motion are posed as a differential variational inequality (DVI) problem that captures contact events between rigid bodies. The methods used for this framework rely on iterative krylov subspace methods such as Conjugate Gradient and Minimum Residual, which show good convergence for large problems. However, this class of iterative algorithms is not generally suitable for solving DVI problems for dynamics simulation. This document will show that these methods, while not specifically designed to solve rigid body dynamics problems, are very capable of doing so and converge very quicky.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A Room of One's Own: Housing Consumption and Residential Crowding in Transitional Urban China:

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the level and examine the dynamics of housing consumption and residential crowding in urban China almost a decade after the housing reform was launched. I argue that housing consumption and residential crowding are affected not only by demographic and socio- economic factors, as they are in market economies, but also by institutional factors that are unique to China because of the dualism in housing reform. Using a 1996 national survey, I find that the level of housing consumption is still low and residential crowding is common. A room of one's own continues to be a dream for most Chinese. However, Chinese households now have more control over their housing, and their housing behaviors are beginning to share similarities with the West. For example, life cycle, household income, housing tenure, and city size have similar effects on housing consumption and residential crowding as they do in Western housing markets. It is still clear, however, that the socialist institutionthe hukou systemcontinues to influence housing consumption, although to a lesser extent than in the prereform period. Households with rural or temporary hukou are at a disadvantage in the housing market, in the sense that they occupy less spacious housing and suffer more from residential crowding than do those with urban and permanent hukou. Yet, these last are more constrained by institutional variables such as job and work-unit characteristics, which affect housing consumption differently across cities.
Negative regulation of Rap1 activation by the Cbl E3 ubiquitin ligase

Cbl functions as an adaptor protein by interacting with other signalling molecules to form multimolecular complexes. Previous studies have proposed that Cbl is also a positive regulator of CrkL-C3G signalling, which leads to Rap1 activation. However, there is a lack of genetic evidence for a physiological function of Cbl in regulating this pathway. Here, we show that Cbl deficiency results in enhanced activation of Rap1. Cbl was shown to promote the ubiquitylation of CrkL without any apparent effect on its stability. Remarkably, the membrane translocation of C3G, its association with CrkL, and the guanine-nucleotide exchange activity of C3G were all increased in Cbl(-/-) thymocytes. Consistent with a function of Rap1 in integrin activation, enhanced integrin-mediated cell adhesion was also seen in Cbl(-/-) thymocytes. Thus, Cbl negatively regulates Rap1 activation, probably through a proteolysis-independent E3-ubiquitin-ligase activity of Cbl that modulates protein-protein interactions.
Axonal transport of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in normal and regenerating goldfish optic nerves

Radopactove putrescine, spermidine or spermine was injected into the right eye of normal goldfish and fish in which both optic nerves had been crushed 18 days earlier. Fish were sacrificed 0.25-21 days after injection. Trichloroacetic acid-soluble and -insoluble material was extracted from the right retina and both tecta and assayed for radioactivity (significant differences between left and right tecta suggesting axonal transport). The nature of the radioactivity in the TCA-soluble fraction was determined on an amino acid analyzer. Results indicate that putrescine is not axonally transported in intact goldfish optic nerves, but that during regeneration of the optic nerve large amounts of putrescine are axonally transported at rates similar to the fast component of protein transport. Spermidine appears to be axonally transported both in intact optic nerves and in regenerating optic nerves, and at an intermediate rate of transport; the amount of spermidine transported is significantly increased during regeneration. Spermine is also axonally transported in intact and regenerating nerves, at a rate similar to the rapid rate of protein transport. The amount of spermine transported appears to be slightly less in regenerating than in intact nerves during early stages of regeneration, but increases during later stages of nerve regeneration. The results suggest that putrescine and spermidine may be preferentially transported during nerve regeneration, while spermine and spermidine are transported extensively in intact nerves.
Two-stage economic and environmental load dispatching framework using particle filtering

Abstract Economic load dispatch (ELD) is the operation of generation plants producing reliable electricity at the lowest cost, while recognizing limitations of the system. The environmental economic load dispatch (EELD) problem extends the ELD to include environmental considerations which makes it even more challenging due to the fact that it considers a very large scale and dynamic system that is highly complex and has inherent uncertainty. In this study, we propose a novel two-stage economic and environmental load dispatching framework using particle filtering for the efficient and reliable dynamic dispatching of electricity under uncertainty. The proposed framework includes (1) a short term demand forecasting algorithm using wavelet transform adaptive modeling, and (2) a dynamic load dispatching algorithm using particle filtering developed in a simulation environment. The proposed approach has been successfully demonstrated for different scenarios in the original IEEE-30 bus test system, which has been benchmarked against contemporary models available in the literature; and a modified version of the IEEE-30 bus test system, where the loads are modeled to update according to the weather and other external conditions.
Numerical modelling of the offshore extent of sea breezes

Two- and three-dimensional versions of a nonlinear atmospheric model were used to investigate environmental controls on the offshore influence of sea-breeze circulations. The temperature of the water surface relative to the atmospheric temperature had a small effect when the water was colder than the overlying air, and a greater effect when the water temperature was high enough to create convective mixing in the planetary boundary layer over the water. Ambient thermal stratification, including elevated inversions with thermal stratification similar to trade wind inversions, had a small influence. The predicted offshore extent of the sea breeze was substantially affected by latitude. The effects of both ambient stratification and latitude were generally consistent with predictions of linear theory. Prevailing synoptic winds were also found to have a significant effect on the sea breeze offshore, with offshore influence greatly suppressed by onshore large-scale flow. Curvature of the coastline produces slightly stronger winds offshore for a concave coast than for a convex coast. The subsidence offshore also extends further over the water for a concave coast than for a convex coast. The model predictions were compared with previous investigations which used linear theory. It was found that the present results agreed with the linear theory of R. Rotunno with regard to the effects of latitude and ambient thermal stability. Linear theory is less suitable for explaining the effects of water temperature, owing to the simplified treatment of turbulent exchange necessary for a tractable linear model.
Extraocular Muscle Force Generation after Ricin-mAb35 Injection: Implications for Strabismus Treatment

Abstract Purpose Ricin-mAb35 is an immunotoxin targeted against skeletal muscle. Previously, we have shown that injection of ricin-mAb35 into rabbit extraocular muscle results in long-term muscle loss, and we have proposed this as a potential treatment for strabismus. In this study, we assessed the effects of ricin-mAb35 injection on extraocular muscle force generation. Methods Ricin-mAb35, 0.2 μg/kg in a volume of 0.1 mL, was injected into 1 superior rectus muscle in 16 adult rabbits. The contralateral superior rectus was injected with an equal volume of normal saline. Muscle force generation was assessed in vivo at 1, 6, and 12 weeks. Isometric length-tension curves were developed. Single-twitch tension, peak tetanic force generation, and fatigue rate were determined at optimal preload. Data from treated and control muscles were compared with the paired t test. Results Force generation declined in ricin-mAb35 treated muscles at each postinjection interval. At 12 weeks, mean tetanic tension (200 Hz) in treated muscles was 13.8 mN/cm 3 compared with 27.7 mN/cm 3 in saline-injected controls ( P = .02), a reduction of 50%. Single-twitch tension at 12 weeks was reduced 33% compared to controls ( P = .04). Similar effects were noted at 1 and 6 weeks. Fatigue rate was not greater in treated muscles at any postinjection intervals. Conclusions Injection of ricin-mAb35 results in sustained weakness in extraocular muscle, although additional studies will be required to determine the duration of physiologic effect. These results confirm our histological analysis and suggest that ricin-mAb35 may be a more long-term alternative to botulinum toxin A for the treatment of strabismus.
Intimacy Status and Couple Conflict Resolution

Fifty couples participated in a study to assess the relationship between individual intimacy development and conflict resolution style. Each individual was given an intimacy status interview, and couples were videotaped while discussing an area of conflict in their relationship. The hypothesis that men and women classified into the Intimate status would use more cognitively oriented conflict resolution strategies was not supported, although a trend indicated that women in the Pseudointimate status used more cognitive, problem-focused conflict resolution strategies than women in the Merger status, while women in the Merger status used more affective, emotion-focused strategies than women in the Pseudointimate status. Men in the Merger status were more coercive than other men when paired with Merger women. Sequential analyses showed that partners tended to respond to each other in kind, and that both affective and coercive acts temporarily discouraged problem-focused acts from the partner for the next two a...
Long term responses of streamflow following clearcutting and regrowth / Réactions à long terme du débit des cours d'eau après coupe et repeuplement

ABSTRACT Long term changes in streamflow following forest cutting are presented for three experimental basins at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, USA. Previous analyses have shown that, following forest cutting, streamflow increases and then declines with the logarithm of time as the forest regrows. Recent data indicate that the streamflow decline following cutting is related to vegetation regrowth, but the relationship is not a consistent function of simple stand measurements. The mixed hardwood forest of one basin was clearcut twice in the past 40 years. During the second regrowth period, streamflow increases after the first year were about one-half the increases at the same points in time after the first treatment. Concurrent with the second cutting, two other basins were cut whose mid-elevations are 400 m higher. The increases for the upper basins were similar, even though basal area was reduced by only 65% on one. Both streamflow increases were less than for either cutting on the lower ...
The Insignificance of Global Reheating in the A1068 Cluster: X-Ray Analysis

We report on a Chandra observation of the massive, medium redshift (z = 0.1386) cooling flow cluster A1068. We detect a clear temperature gradient in the X-ray-emitting gas from kT ~ 5 keV in the outer part of the cluster down to roughly 2 keV in the core and a striking increase in the metallicity of the gas toward the cluster center. The total spectrum from the cluster can be fitted by a cooling flow model with a total mass deposition rate of ~150 M☉ yr-1. Within the core (r < 30 kpc), the mass deposition rate of ~40 M☉ yr-1 is comparable to estimates for the star formation rate from optical data. We find an apparent correlation between the cD galaxy's optical isophotes and enhanced metallicity isocontours in the central ~100 kpc of the cluster. We show that the approximate doubling of the metallicity associated with the cD galaxy can be plausibly explained by supernova explosions associated with the cD galaxy's ambient stellar population and the recent starburst. Finally, we calculate the amount of heating due to thermal conduction and show that this process is unlikely to offset cooling in A1068.
Universal Health Care Coverage – Pitfalls and Promise of an Employment-based Approach

America's patchwork quilt of health care coverage is coming apart at the seams. The system, such as it is, is built upon an inherently problematic base: employment. By definition, an employment-based approach, by itself, will not assure universal coverage of the entire population. If an employment-based approach is to be the centerpiece of a system that provides universal coverage, special attention must be paid to all the categories of individuals who are not employees--children, unemployed spouses or singles, the unemployable ill and disabled, persons between jobs, students, retirees, the elderly. Moreover, in a purely voluntary employment-based arrangement, some employers will not provide insurance at all, and others will provide inadequate coverage, necessitating other special provisions for coverage. As a consequence, about one out of six people now has no health coverage whatsoever, and even more have inadequate coverage. All the while, the rapidly-increasing transaction costs of sustaining this grossly inadequate pluralistic system eat up sufficient funds to provide basic benefits to the entire population. The time for systematic reforms has come and gone; what is now needed is action to prevent disaster, followed by a complete rebuilding of this country's health coverage system. Although perhaps more likely to be tried than more radical, completely nationalized, ones, stepwise reforms may not go far enough to cure the significant ills of the current employment-based system. Passage of inadequate reforms, then, could well set the stage for nationalized health care in the not too distant future.
Legal gambling and crime.

Summary.-In the 48 contiguous continental stares in 1990, the total number of gambhg activities was associated with robbery and motor vehicle thefr rates. Controls for other social variables eliminated these associations. Mlkesell and Pirog-Good (1990) argued that state lotteries encourage garnbhng by people who cannot afford to do so, thereby increasing the rate of property crime. The present study was designed to explore which of 22 types of gambling activities (Even & La Fleur, 1990) were associated with property crime rates (FBI, 1991) in the 48 contiguous continental states of America in 1990. The total number of types of gambhg games in each state was associated only with robbery rates (Pearson r = .32, two-tailed p < .05) and motor vehicle theft (r = .3 1, p < .05). Loolung at associations in greater detail, positive associations were noted between robbery and lottery or numbers; harness racing with telephone betting; burglary with jai alai; larceny with quarter horse racing; and motor vehicle theft with charitable gambhg, lottery or numbers, lottery or passives; jai alai with harness racing. Placing control variables (presence of the death penalty, per capita income, police per capita, and the proportion of residents aged 5 to 24 in multiple regressions along with the total number of gambling possibhties elmmated the significant contribution of the total number of gambling possibhties. In conclusion, not all types of gambhg were associated with an increase in crime rates, and these associations may be the result of their joint association with other social characteristics of the states.
1974 OUTBREAK OF LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE DIAGNOSED IN 1977: Clinical and Epidemiological Features

Abstract An illness characterised by high fever and pneumonia struck 2·9% of a group of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows attending a convention held in Philadelphia, in September, 1974. The convention headquarters was the hotel where the American Legion met in July, 1976. The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the illness were nearly identical to those of the disease in American legionnaires in 1976. Illness was significantly associated with attendance at one convention activity held on Monday morning, Sept. 16, 1974, in the grand ballroom of the hotel. A serological survey in February and March, 1977, showed that people who had attended the convention and became ill were more likely to have raised indirect fluorescent antibody titres than persons who had attended and remained well. The illness seen in Odd Fellows members in September, 1974, was caused by the legionnaires' disease organism.
Self-Reported Physical Symptoms in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Survivors: Pilot Exploration Over Four Months Post-ICU Discharge

Abstract Context Survivors of critical illness must overcome persistent physical and psychological challenges. Few studies have longitudinally examined self-reported physical symptoms in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Objectives To describe prevalence and severity of self-reported symptoms in 28 adult medical ICU survivors during the first four months post-ICU discharge and their associations with family caregiver responses. Methods Patients completed the Modified Given Symptom Assessment Scale. Caregivers completed the Shortened 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Brief Zarit Burden Score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Caregiver Health Behavior form. Data at ICU discharge (two weeks or less), and two and four months post-ICU discharge were analyzed. Results Across the time points, most patients reported one or more symptoms (88.5–97%), with sleep disturbance, fatigue, weakness, and pain the most prevalent. For these four symptoms with the highest prevalence, there were: 1) moderate correlations among symptom severity at two and four months post-ICU discharge; and 2) no difference in prevalence or severity by patients' disposition (home vs. institution), except worse fatigue in patients at home at two weeks or less post-ICU discharge. Patients' overall symptom burden showed significant correlation with caregivers' depressive symptoms two weeks or less post-ICU discharge. There were trends of moderate correlations between patients' overall symptom burden and caregivers' health risk behaviors and sleep quality at two and four months post-ICU discharge. Conclusion In our sample, sleep disturbance, fatigue, weakness, and pain were the four key symptoms during first four months post-ICU discharge. Future studies focusing on these four symptoms are necessary to promote quality in post-ICU symptom management.
Maximizing power in seroepidemiological studies through the use of the proportional odds model.

Epidemiological studies of zoonotic influenza and other infectious diseases often rely upon analysis of levels of antibody titer. In most of these studies, the antibody titer data are dichotomized based on a chosen cut-point and analyzed with a traditional binary logistic regression. However, cut-points are often arbitrary, particularly those selected for rare diseases or for infections for which serologic assays are imperfect. Alternatively, the data can be left in the original form, as ordinal levels of antibody titer, and analyzed using the proportional odds model. We show why this approach yields superior power to detect risk factors. Additionally, we illustrate the advantages of using the proportional odds model with the analyses of zoonotic influenza antibody titer data.
Recent Advances in Neuroimaging to Model Eating Disorder Neurobiology

The eating disorders (EDs) anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED) are severe psychiatric disorders with high mortality. There are many symptoms, such as food restriction, episodic binge eating, purging, or excessive exercise that are either overlapping or lie on opposite ends of a scale or spectrum across those disorders. Identifying how specific ED behaviors are linked to particular neurobiological mechanisms could help better categorize ED subgroups and develop specific treatments. This review provides support from recent brain imaging research that brain structure and function measures can be linked to disorder-specific biological or behavioral variables, which may help distinguish ED subgroups, or find commonalities between them. Brain structure and function may therefore be suitable research targets to further study the relationship between dimensions of behavior and brain function relevant to EDs and beyond the categorical AN, BN, and BED distinctions.
Graft-versus-host reactivity of mouse thymocytes: effect of in vitro treatment with anti-TL serum.

Abstract The graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity of C57B1/TL+ thymocytes before and after incubation in vitro with anti-TL serum and complement has been assessed by a quantitative spleen weight assay in neonatal F1 mice. Treatment with anti-TL serum and complement resulted in the specific elimination of about 83% of the thymocytes. The residual 17% of the cells contained all the directly measured GVH reactivity present in either untreated suspensions or suspensions treated with normal mouse serum (NMS). However, the capacity of thymocytes to give superadditive GVH reactions when combined with small numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes which was observed with untreated or NMS treated thymocytes, was significantly decreased by pretreatment in vitro with anti-TL. These results suggest that the mechanism of synergy among subpopulations of thymus-derived cells in GVH reactions involves the participation of otherwise inactive thymocytes under the influence of mature thymus-derived peripheral lymphocytes.
Analysis of the nonviral antigens immunoprecipitable by SV40 T antibody from SV40-transformed human/mouse hybrid cell lines

Abstract The expression of nonviral antigens, i.e., host-coded proteins with molecular weights from 48,000–56,000 (48K–56K) immunoprecipitable from extracts of simian virus 40 (SV40)-infected or -transformed cells by anti-SV40 tumor antibody, was examined in four SV40-transformed human cell lines, one SV40-transformed mouse cell line, and eight SV40-transformed human/mouse somatic cell hybrid cell lines produced by fusion of SV40-transformed human cells with untransformed mouse cells. Differences were found in the patterns of expression of these viral induced proteins among the human cell lines, between the human and the mouse cell lines, and between the human/mouse somatic cell hybrid cell lines and the human lines from which they were derived. Two of the human cell lines expressed only a 55K nonviral antigen; two expressed both a 55K and a 52K nonviral antigen. The mouse cell line expressed both a 55K and a 48K nonviral antigen. Each hybrid cell line expressed a 55K and also a 48K nonviral antigen, except one. The BALB IV-8 hybrid cell line expressed 55K and 52K nonviral antigens. By comparing the tryptic peptides fractionated on cation exchange columns of the nonviral antigens we determined: (1) The 48K nonviral antigen in human/mouse hybrids is encoded by a mouse chromosome. (2) The 52K nonviral antigen in the BALB IV-8 human/mouse hybrid is encoded by a mouse chromosome. It is possibly a precursor to the mouse 48K protein because it contains one extra tryptic peptide in addition to those of the mouse 48K protein, because one peptide has an altered mobility and because the 52K protein is found, so far, only in a human/mouse hybrid that does not exhibit a 48K nonviral antigen. (3) The 55K nonviral antigen in the C57-VII-6 human/mouse hybrid is encoded by a human chromosome. In the BALB IV-8 human/mouse hybrid, there is a 55K protein encoded by a human chromosome and probably a 55K protein encoded by a mouse chromosome. (4) If the gene encoding the human 55K nonviral antigen is located on a single chromosome, it is located on human chromosome 7.
Controlled Formation of Silica Particles from Tetraethyl Orthosilicate in Nonionic Water-in-Oil Microemulsions

The formation of silica particles by the ammonia-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in nonionic water-in-oil microemulsions was investigated as a function of the molecular structure of the surfactant, the type of oil, and the concentrations of surfactant and water. Three types of nonionic surfactants and two oils, heptane and cyclohexane, were used. Microemulsion solutions were characterized using photon correlation spectroscopy, electrical conductivity measurement, and titration of phase separation points. The hydrolysis of TEOS and the size of synthesized silica particles were measured by FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements, respectively. It was found that the size distribution of silica particles correlates well with the size, connectivity, and stability of microemulsion droplets. This correlation indicates that the final size distribution of silica particles is predetermined in the silica particle's nucleation stage. In this stage, hydrolyzed (monom...
Ultrafast correlation interferometric imaging through a moving scattering medium

Abstract An ultrafast correlation interferometry is used to obtain an image from reflective objects after backscattering through moving scatterers. An 120 fs single-shot interferometric image of a microscope slide is achieved with a resolution of 25 μm through a fast rotating scattering medium at 2.5 × 10 3 rpm.
Relational meaning encoded in the two-word utterances of stage 1 Down's syndrome children.

This study explored the early two-word utterances from four Down’s syndrome children to determine if they encode the same relational meanings as children developing language normally. Nine semantic...
Role of Glycosaminoglycans of Biglycan in BMP-2 Signaling

Recently we have reported that biglycan (BGN) promotes osteoblast differentiation and that this function is due in part to its ability to positively modulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) functions. In this study we investigated the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of BGN in this function using in vitro and in vivo models. C2C12 myogenic cells were treated or untreated with BMP-2 alone or in combination with glycanated, partially glycanated or de-glycanated BGN, and the effects on BMP signaling and function were assessed by Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Furthermore, the effect of de-glycanation of BGN on BMP-2 induced osteogenesis was investigated employing a rat mandible defect model. The defects were filled with collagen scaffolds loaded with glycanated or de-glycanated BGN alone or in combination with a sub-optimal dose of BMP-2 (subBMP). In in vitro experiments, BMP signaling and function were the greatest when BMP-2 was combined with de-glycanated BGN among the groups tested. In the rat mandible experiments, μCT analyses revealed that the newly formed bone was significantly increased only when subBMP was combined with de-glycanated BGN. The data indicate that the GAG component of BGN functions as a suppressor for the BGN-assisted BMP function.
A comparison of ISO 9000:2000 quality system standards, QS9000, ISO/TS 16949 and Baldrige criteria

This paper examines the relationship between ISO 9000:2000 quality standards, QS9000, ISO/TS 16949 and the Baldrige criteria for performance excellence revised in the year 2002. A comparison is made between Baldrige criteria and the various elements of ISO 9000, QS9000 and ISO/TS 16949 Standards and their similarities and differences are examined. Implementing ISO 9000 requirements as an initial step for TQM implementation is also discussed.
Transforming Technical Services: A Case Study at the University of Nevada, Reno Libraries

Technical services in academic libraries face tremendous challenges to transform and move to the next generation of operations and services. Following an overview of the transformational changes affecting library technical services and the strategic shifts that are currently happening, in this article the author discusses the transformational efforts of Technical Services at the University of Nevada, Reno Libraries and concludes with lessons learned and suggestions for other libraries interested in exploring a transformation of their technical services.
The calcium messenger system and the kinetics of elastase release from human neutrophils in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Aortic elastase and neutrophil elastase is higher in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to determine if these proteolytic elevations occur after abdominal aortic aneurysms have been repaired. Specifically, we studied the stimulation and inhibition of elastase degranulation from neutrophils in postoperative abdominal aortic aneurysm patients compared to aortic occlusive disease patients. Neutrophil elastase was determined in postoperative abdominal aortic aneurysm and aortic occlusive disease patients in response to calcium and the lonophore A23187. Inhibition of elastase release was determined with the calcium channel blocking agent Verapamil. Neutrophil elastase secretion was significantly higher in the abdominal aortic aneurysm patients (47%) versus aortic occlusive disease (20%) (p
Mysterium Christi: the Christologies of Maurice de la Taille and Karl Rahner

: This article argues that Maurice de la Taille's theology of created actuation by uncreated Act constructively develops Karl Rahner's Christology. The first part gives an account of de la Taille's theology of created actuation by uncreated Act through an examination of the three supernatural communications of the hypostatic union, beatific vision and sanctifying grace. The second part dialogically integrates the insights of de la Taille's theology with Rahner's Christology. The article demonstrates that de la Taille's theology could develop Rahner's Christology. This conclusion raises the question of the value of scholasticism as a method of theology.