cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Features of Macrophage Differentiation Induced by p19INK4d, a Specific Inhibitor of Cyclin D–Dependent Kinases

The mitogen-dependent induction of cyclin D-dependent kinase activity is required for cells to enter the DNA synthetic (S) phase of their division cycle. Immature 32Dcl3 myeloid cells (32D) proliferating in the presence of interleukin-3 (IL-3) normally express cyclins D2 and D3, which assemble into binary holoenzyme complexes with their catalytic subunits, CDK4 and CDK6. When 32D cells are switched to medium containing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) instead of IL-3, D-type cyclins are degraded and, in the absence of their associated kinase activity, the cells arrest in the first gap phase (G1) of the cell cycle and differentiate to neutrophils. We derived 32D cells in which the expression of p19INK4d, a specific polypeptide inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6, is regulated by the heavy metal-inducible sheep metallothionein promoter. Induction of p19INK4d in response to zinc prolonged cell survival in the absence of growth factor treatment. When maintained in medium containing both IL-3 and zinc, these cells lost cyclin D-dependent kinase activity, underwent G1 phase arrest, and acquired certain morphologic, antigenic, and functional properties of mononuclear phagocytes. Cells induced to express p19INK4d did not synthesize receptors for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF/CSF-1) and reverted to an immature myeloid phenotype when shifted back into medium containing IL-3 alone. These cells exhibited accelerated differentiation to neutrophils in response to G-CSF but also gave rise to macrophage-like cells when maintained in medium containing both G-CSF and zinc. Therefore, the acquisition of macrophage properties in response to zinc treatment neither depended upon IL-3 nor upon G1 phase arrest per se and instead reflects some ability of p19INK4d, and presumably cyclin D-dependent kinases, to affect myeloid differentiation.
Induction of roots on jujube softwood cuttings using Agrobacterium rhizogenes

SummaryCuttings from trees of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), particularly mature ones, root with great difficulty. A greenhouse experiment assessed the effects of two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A4 and TR105) on softwood cuttings from two sources: ten year old trees of cv. Li and a tree approximately 40 years old of the cv. Contorta. The cuttings were collected and trimmed to 7.5 cm. Ten weeks after inoculation, both strain and source of cutting influenced visible symptoms of infection. Jujube cuttings were more responsive to TR105 than to A4, and the ‘Li’ cuttings were more responsive than ‘Contorta’ cuttings. Strain TR105 was very effective in increasing rooting percentages and root number. ‘Li’ cuttings had better rooting percentages, greater root number, and greater root length than did the ‘Contorta’ cuttings. Inoculation with A. rhizogenes may also possess great potential for promoting adventitious root formation in other difficult woody ornamental or fruit tree species.
A Study on the Performance of Combustion in a HCCI Engine Using n-Heptane by a Multi-Zone Model

A study of n-heptane combustion in an HCCI engine was carried out by a multi-zone numerical simulation that covers a complete engine cycle. A reaction mechanism that includes 177 chemical species and 1638 reactions was used. The results of the numerical simulations were compared to existing experimental data for a range of air/fuel ratios, compression ratios and engine speeds. It is shown that the numerical simulation is able to reasonably capture the experimental cylinder pressure data over a wide range of operation conditions. It also provides a qualitative trend of CO emissions. The numerical simulation overpredicted the combustion at some operating conditions, such as at extremely high air/fuel ratios and higher engine speeds. Some differences were observed between the experimental and numerical data for NOX emissions. The numerical simulation predicted a monotonic decrease in NOX emissions as air/fuel ratio increased or compression ratio decreased, while an increase in NOX emissions was observed experimentally when combustion became very weak at extremely high air/fuel ratios or low compression ratios. It is suggested that further experiments and numerical simulations should be performed to explain this discrepancy.© 2009 ASME
An Immunoglobulin (IgG) Inhibitor of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Motility in a Patient with Recurrent Infection

Abstract We isolated from the serum of a patient with recurrent skin infections an IgG immunoglobulin that irreversibly inhibits the random motility and chemotactic responsiveness of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Although the patient's leukocytes behaved like normal cells with respect to adherence, phagocytosis, degranulation, and generation of the superoxide anion, they did not migrate normally toward standard chemotactic stimuli. Normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes behaved similarly after incubation with the patient's serum. Inhibition of motility was not associated with cytotoxicity. Inhibitory activity could be removed completely from the patient's serum by treatment with either agarose-bound anti-human IgG or Sepharose-bound staphylococcal protein A. Exposure of normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes to as little as 1.25 μg per milliliter (0.00125 g per liter) of the patient's purified IgG caused significant inhibition of random motility and chemotactic responsiveness (P<0.01). Thus, IgG immunoglo...
Surgical Treatment Efficacy of Infants with Ventricular Septal Defect Complicated by Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

Objective To analyze the surgical outcomes of 60 infants with ventricular septal defect(VSD) complicated by pulmonary artery hypertension(PH),and to explore the impact of factors on curative effect of infant surgical treatment. Methods Sixty infants with VSD and PH were operated with extracorporeal circulation in hypothermia from February 2009 to March 2010 in the Children's Hospital of Hunan Province.Patch repairs were performed in 55 cases of VSD,and direct suture was performed in 5 cases of VSD.The cases of ASD and PDA were received direct suture. Results Fifty-nine infants with VSD and PH were cured,and 1 infant died from low cardiac output syndrome.The hospital mortality was 1.7%.Follow-up was completed in all 59 survived infants for 6 months to 2 years,and all developed well. Conclusions Infants with VSD complicated by PH should be operated on as early as possible.Active support treatment should be taken before the operation,and careful operation should be taken in surgical procedures.These measures can effectively reduce mortality and postoperative complications of the surgery in children.
A Random Walk Theory of Time-Resolved Optical Absorption Spectroscopy in Tissue

A random walk theory of photon diffusion in tissue is discussed, and shown to reproduce features of some recent experiments by Chance et al. The theory allows one to calculate, from the absorption and scattering coefficients of turbid medium, the time dependence of surface emission.
Abstract SS02-01: Splice variants associated with African American prostate cancers promote oncogenesis and chemoresistance

There are striking population disparities in cancer risk and survival outcome borne out of current health statistics. African American (AA) men are approximately 1.6 times more likely to develop prostate cancer (PCa), and 2.4 times more likely to die from this disease compared to their Caucasian American (CA) counterparts. A growing body of biological and genetic evidence suggests that genetic polymorphisms and aberrant gene expression are important influences predisposing or contributing to the disparities of cancer incidence and mortality. Perhaps underappreciated has been the role of alternative splicing in cancer health dis¬parities, and cancer development in general. The expression of specific variants is regulated in a developmentally- and tissue-specific manner. Alternative spliced isoforms from the same gene can pro¬duce proteins with drastically different prop¬erties. We demonstrate that differential alternative splicing takes place for ∼400 genes in PCa specimens of AA compared to CA patients. Many are oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In addition, we provide evidence of 4 genes (PIK3CD, FGFR3, TSC2 and RASGRP2) that undergo population-dependent differential splicing where the AA-specific variants are engendered with a more aggressive oncogenic phenotype. Of interest, small molecule inhibitors are clinically available (or being tested clinically) for PIK3CD and FGFR3 in the treatment of various cancers, and we demonstrate in vitro that the AA-specific PIK3CD variant, but not the CA-counterpart, is resistant to small molecule inhibitor CAL-101. Xenograft studies of the splice variants are underway to look at cancer growth, metastasis and response to small molecule inhibitors. Based on our in vitro findings, we hypothesize that the existence of AA-specific splice variants encoding more aggressive oncogenic proteins and/or oncogenic proteins resistant to small molecule inhibitors may account for, in part, the observed cancer health disparities. Citation Format: Norman Lee. Splice variants associated with African American prostate cancers promote oncogenesis and chemoresistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr SS02-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-SS02-01
CONTINUED USE OF IT: AN EMOTIONAL CHOICE

Information technology (IT) is ubiquitous in modern workplaces. Achieving the business benefits of an IT system is intimately tied up with the continued incorporation of the system into the work practices it is intended to support. What makes people incorporate IT into their practices and how do they do it? While much is known about different use behaviors, the social, cognitive and technical factors that influence use, less is known about non-use behaviors as well as the role of emotional factors in users’ choices on how to continue using a new technology post adoption. Through a longitudinal field study and a survey conducted in two universities, we examine how and why specific use patterns emerge and what the role of emotions is in this process. We find that based on emotional experiences around IT, people develop personal valuations towards an IT artifact, which are expressed in various (non-)use patterns.
Impact of water heater temperature setting and water use frequency on the building plumbing microbiome

Hot water plumbing is an important conduit of microbes into the indoor environment and can increase risk of opportunistic pathogens (for example, Legionella pneumophila). We examined the combined effects of water heater temperature (39, 42, 48, 51 and 58 °C), pipe orientation (upward/downward), and water use frequency (21, 3 and 1 flush per week) on the microbial composition at the tap using a pilot-scale pipe rig. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing indicated that bulk water and corresponding biofilm typically had distinct taxonomic compositions (R2Adonis=0.246, PAdonis=0.001), yet similar predicted functions based on PICRUSt analysis (R2Adonis=0.087, PAdonis=0.001). Although a prior study had identified 51 °C under low water use frequency to enrich Legionella at the tap, here we reveal that 51 °C is also a threshold above which there are marked effects of the combined influences of temperature, pipe orientation, and use frequency on taxonomic and functional composition. A positive association was noted between relative abundances of Legionella and mitochondrial DNA of Vermamoeba, a genus of amoebae that can enhance virulence and facilitate replication of some pathogens. This study takes a step towards intentional control of the plumbing microbiome and highlights the importance of microbial ecology in governing pathogen proliferation.
A Study of the Relationship between Child Care Providers' Use of HIV/AIDS Information Sources, Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and Attitudes toward Caregiving Policies.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has been a part of American society for over two decades. Today, HIV/AIDS touches all demographic groups, including young children. It is for this reason that child care providers need to be informed about HIV/AIDS and related policies that impact their work with young children. The purpose of this study was to examine child care providers' use of different HIV/AIDS information sources in relationship to their knowledge about HIV/AIDS and their response to common childhood behaviors and classroom situations involving an HIV-infected child. Results suggest that different types of information sources are associated with different aspects of providers' knowledge about and response to pediatric HIV/AIDS. Implications for the planning and delivery of HIV/AID training involving child care providers are discussed.
One-Step Treatment of Spin–Orbit Coupling and Electron Correlation in Large Active Spaces

In this work we demonstrate that the heat bath configuration interaction (HCI) and its semistochastic extension can be used to treat relativistic effects and electron correlation on an equal footing in large active spaces to calculate the low energy spectrum of several systems including halogen group atoms (F, Cl, Br, I), coinage atoms (Cu, Au), and the neptunyl(VI) dioxide radical. This work demonstrates that despite a significant increase in the size of the Hilbert space due to spin symmetry breaking by the spin–orbit coupling terms, HCI retains the ability to discard large parts of the low importance Hilbert space to deliver converged absolute and relative energies. For instance, by using just over 107 determinants we get converged excitation energies for Au atom in an active space containing (150o,25e) which has over 1030 determinants. We also investigate the accuracy of five different two-component relativistic Hamiltonians in which different levels of approximations are made in deriving the one-elec...
Essence and Task of Legal Significs

The inaugural lecture is a key document on itself. Written by a lawyer who is also a philosopher, a poet and a politician, the idea of unity of discourses seems evidently predominant. One thus reads, as a declaration of principle: “Poetry, science and wisdom are not separated”. Legal science and linguistics are the main sciences which play a role in this text. He quotes himself in saying: “To the great practitioners of the Significs belong the scientifically trained Poets. Their passionate love for language will be tamed by the stern demands of scientific research, but this does not reduce their power”. And he adds: passion tamed by discipline: behold, this is the essence of my lessons!
The molecular biology of FXTAS

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late adult onset neurodegenerative disorder that affects many individuals, mostly males, carriers of a premutation CGG repeat expansion in the FMR1 gene (55–200 CGG repeats). FXTAS symptoms include progressive intention tremor, gait ataxia, neuropathy, psychiatric symptoms, cognitive decline, and autonomic dysfunctions. The disorder is due to an RNA gain-of-function mechanism, which has also been implicated in other non-coding repeat expansion diseases, as elevated FMR1 mRNA expression levels have been observed in premutation carriers. The mechanism is very distinct from the complete transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene that causes fragile X syndrome. The severity of both clinical and neuropathological phenotypes, including intranuclear inclusions throughout the brain, the neuropathological hallmark of FXTAS, appears to be positively correlated with the size of the CGG repeat expansion. Disruption of the lamin A/C nuclear architecture, seen in other neuromuscular disorders, has also been reported in FXTAS and could be linked to clinical features of FXTAS, particularly peripheral neuropathy.
Multilevel correlates of in-hospital mortality among patients with malignant solid tumors in the United States.

e18115Background: We aimed to examine the effect of patients’ clinical and sociodemographic, and hospital level factors on in-hospital mortality among patients diagnosed with one of the top 10 dead...
would you recommend prostate-specific antigen screening for this patient?: grand rounds discussion from beth israel deaconess medical center

Prostate cancer screening is a contentious subject. In this session of Beyond the Guidelines, an internist and a urologist compare their approaches to prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screenin...
Evaluation of the Illinois adoption preservation and linkages (APAL) program using a regression discontinuity design

This study evaluated the Illinois Adoption Preservation and Linkages (APAL) program using a regression discontinuity design. APAL is a brief needs assessment and service referral program designed t...
Lenalidomide Induces Complete and Partial Responses in Patients with Relapsed and Treatment-Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).

Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug indicated as treatment for 5q-MDS and previously treated MM. Several of its properties, i.e. inhibition of TNF-α and VEGF, modulation of T-cell activity and impact on the microenvironment suggest that lenalidomide may play a role in the treatment of CLL. A pilot study by Chanan-Khan et al. has shown clinical activity in this disease (Blood 106: 447a). To further investigate the activity of lenalidomide in CLL, we conducted a phase II study. Patients (pts) were eligible if they had received at least one purine analog-based regimen. All pts received lenalidomide at 10 mg daily for 28 days followed by titration upward by 5 mg increments every 28 days to a maximum dose of 25 mg daily. De-escalation to 5 mg daily was allowed. The planned 35 pts have been enrolled. Twenty-two pts have received treatment for at least 3 months and are therefore evaluable for response. The median daily dose of lenalidomide at three months was 10 mg. The median age was 64 yrs (range 49–82), the median number of prior treatments was 4 (1–15), and the median β2M was 4.1 mg/dL (1.6–10.1). Twelve pts (55%) had Rai stage III or IV disease. Eight pts (36%) were refractory to fludarabine and 7 pts (32%) to alkylating agents. Responses according to NCI-WG criteria assessed after 3 months of treatment showed that 7 pts (32%) achieved a response [1 CR (5%), 1 nodular PR (5%), 5 PR (23%)]. Nine pts (41%) attained stable disease or clinical improvement and are continuing on treatment, and 6 pts (27%) progressed, including one early death that occurred on day 22 secondary to mucormycosis. A tumor flare reaction was observed in 6 pts (27%), fatigue was reported in 59% (G3 in 5%), nausea in 45%, pruritus in 31% and diarrhea in 22% (G 3 in 5%). Myelosuppression occurred in 55% of the pts (32% ≥G3 neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia). Infectious complications were observed in 6 pts: 2 cases of neutropenic fever and 4 episodes of pneumonia. To decipher lenalidomide’s mechanism of action we measured plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1), interferon (IFN)-γ, VEGF, bFGF, interleukin (IL)-1β, -2, -6, -8, -10, -12, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and soluble IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) in 19 pts pre-treatment, on day 28, and after 3 months of therapy. We found a significant reduction in plasma VEGF level on day 28 in 4 pts that achieved a response [mean reduction of 55.6 (± 15.3) pg/mL, p = 0.036] and on day 90 in 4 pts with stable disease or clinical improvement [mean reduction of 50.9 (± 3.3) pg/mL, p = 0.003]. There were no changes in the levels of the other cytokines, including TNF-α. Further correlative studies include measurement of marrow vascularity, number of circulating T regulatory cells and CLL apoptotic rate. In conclusion, we found that lenalidomide is active in heavily pre-treated pts with relapsed CLL. Myelosuppression has been the most significant toxicity. Results of ongoing correlative studies will be presented.
Systemic hematologic effects of PEG-rHuMGDF-induced megakaryocyte hyperplasia in mice

PEG-rHuMGDF injected daily in normal mice causes a rapid dose-dependent increase in megakaryocytes and platelets. At the same time that platelet numbers are increased, the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) can be either decreased, normal, or increased depending on the dose and time after administration. Thus, PEG-rHuMGDF at a low dose causes decreases in MPV and PDW, MGDF at an intermediate dose causes an initial increase followed by a decrease in MPV and PDW, and PEG-rHuMGDF at higher doses causes an increase in MPV and PDW followed by a gradual normalization of these platelet indices. In addition to the expected thrombocytosis after 7 to 10 days of daily injection of high doses of PEG-rHuMGDF, a transient decrease in peripheral red blood cell numbers and hemoglobin is noted accompanied in the bone marrow by megakaryocytic hyperplasia, myeloid hyperplasia, erythroid and lymphoid hypoplasia, and deposition of a fine network of reticulin fibers. Splenomegaly, an increase in splenic megakaryocytes, and extramedullary hematopoiesis accompany the hematologic changes in the peripheral blood and marrow to complete a spectrum of pathologic features similar to those reported in patients with myelofibrosis and megakaryocyte hyperplasia. However, all the PEG-rHuMGDF-initiated hematopathology including the increase in marrow reticulin is completely and rapidly reversible upon the cessation of administration of PEG-rHuMGDF. Thus, transient hyperplastic proliferation of megakaryocytes does not cause irreversible tissue injury. Furthermore, PEG-rHuMGDF completely ameliorates carboplatin-induced thrombocytopenia at a low-dose that does not cause the hematopathology associated with myelofibrosis.
Turtle, Task Ninja, or Time Waster? Who Cares? Traditional Task-Completion Strategies Are Overrated:

Standard approaches for identifying task-completion strategies, such as precrastination and procrastination, reduce behavior to single markers that oversimplify the process of task completion. To illustrate this point, we consider three task-completion strategies and introduce a new method to identify their use. This approach was tested using an archival data set (N = 8,655) of the available electronic records of research participation at Kansas State University. The approach outperformed standard diagnostic approaches and yielded an interesting finding: Several strategies were associated with negative outcomes. Specifically, both procrastinators and precrastinators struggled to finish tasks on time. Together, these findings underscore the importance of using holistic approaches to determine the relationship among task characteristics, individual differences, and task completion.
Potential Vorticity and Balanced and Unbalanced Moisture

AbstractAtmospheric flows are often decomposed into balanced (low frequency) and unbalanced (high frequency) components. For a dry atmosphere, it is known that a single mode, the potential vorticit...
Psychiatric trajectories across adolescence in perinatally HIV-exposed youth: the role of HIV infection and associations with viral load.

Objective Identify factors associated with trajectories of psychiatric disorder among 340 adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with perinatal HIV infection (PHIV) and perinatal HIV-exposure but not infection (PHEU). Design Longitudinal cohort study of AYA in New York City, 9-16 years at enrollment. Methods We used multivariate longitudinal latent class analysis to identify trajectories of psychiatric disorder, and logistic regression to examine predictors of trajectories (e.g. PHIV status) and associations between trajectories and viremia in young adulthood (AYA with PHIV only). Results Among all AYA, we identified three psychiatric trajectories: relatively 'low disorder' (63%), 'consistent anxiety' (26%), and 'escalating comorbidity' (11%). Compared with AYA with 'low disorder', AYA with 'escalating comorbidity' were significantly older, reported more neighborhood stress, and lived with a caregiver with alcohol use disorder, whereas AYA with 'consistent anxiety' were more likely female individuals. Although we found no statistically significant HIV status differences, among AYA with PHIV, nearly half (48%) were viremic in young adulthood, with higher odds of viremia among AYA with 'escalating comorbidity' (OR: 3.88, 95% CI: 0.93-16.26) and 'consistent anxiety' (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.011-5.75) compared with 'low disorder'. Conclusion Despite significant adversity, AYA with PHIV and PHEU had relatively low prevalence of psychiatric disorder over time, although one-third had consistent or escalating psychiatric disorders. Among AYA with PHIV, psychiatric trajectories were associated with viremia in young adulthood. Given the growing population of AYA living with PHIV and PHEU worldwide, addressing the substantial and evolving mental health needs of both groups as they reach young adulthood is critical.
Chronic Pain in the Emergency Department.

Objective To describe the experiences of emergency department (ED) use among a population of Rhode Island Medicaid patients with chronic pain and a recent history of frequent ED use, who were eligible to participate in the Rhode Island Medicaid Pain Management program. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with twenty-four patients who were either enrolled, or eligible to be enrolled, in a pain management program that is part of a state-funded initiative to reduce ED overuse. Results Four main themes describe the experiences of these patients seeking ED care: (1) patients perceive that they use the ED appropriately; (2) frustrations in communication with ED providers; (3) helplessness; (4) changes in beliefs and behaviors with care coordination. Conclusions Patients enrolled, or eligible to be enrolled, in the Rhode Island Medicaid Pain Management program believe they use the ED for true emergencies, but feel helpless and unable to communicate effectively with ED providers. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2017-02.asp].
COVID-19 and Parent-Child Psychological Well-being.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 has changed American society in ways that are difficult to capture in a timely manner. With this study, we take advantage of daily survey data collected before and after the crisis started to investigate the hypothesis that the crisis has worsened parents’ and children’s psychological well-being. We also examine the extent of crisis-related hardships and evaluate the hypothesis that the accumulation of hardships will be associated with parent and child psychological well-being. METHODS: Daily survey data were collected between February 20 and April 27, 2020, from hourly service workers with a young child (aged 2–7) in a large US city (N = 8222 person-days from 645 individuals). A subsample completed a one-time survey about the effects of the crisis fielded between March 23 and April 26 (subsample n = 561). RESULTS: Ordered probit models revealed that the frequency of parent-reported daily negative mood increased significantly since the start of the crisis. Many families have experienced hardships during the crisis, including job loss, income loss, caregiving burden, and illness. Both parents’ and children’s well-being in the postcrisis period was strongly associated with the number of crisis-related hardships that the family experienced. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with our hypotheses, in families that have experienced multiple hardships related to the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis, both parents’ and children’s mental health is worse. As the crisis continues to unfold, pediatricians should screen for mental health, with particular attention to children whose families are especially vulnerable to economic and disease aspects of the crisis.
Pulsed Ultrasound of the Spleen Prolongs Survival of Rats With Severe Intra-abdominal Sepsis.

Abstract Background The spleen is an important contributor to the uncontrolled, excessive release of proinflammatory signals during sepsis that leads to the development of tissue injury and diffuse end-organ dysfunction. Therapeutic pulsed ultrasound (pUS) has been shown to inhibit splenic leukocyte release and reduce cytokine production in other inflammatory disease processes. We hypothesized that pUS treatment inhibits spleen-derived inflammatory responses and increases survival duration in rats with severe intra-abdominal sepsis leading to septic shock. Materials and methods Rats with intra-abdominal sepsis, induced by cecal ligation and incision, underwent abdominal washout, intra-peritoneal administration of cefazolin, and then either no further treatment (control), splenectomy, or pUS of the spleen. Animals were observed for the primary endpoint of survival duration. Results Survival curves were significantly different for all groups (P Conclusions pUS significantly prolonged the survival duration of rats with severe intra-abdominal sepsis. This treatment may be an effective, noninvasive therapy that dampens detrimental immune responses during septic shock by activating β2 adrenergic receptor–Akt phosphorylation in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
Kalman filter based method for tracking dynamic transmission line parameters

Transmission line parameters are required by various power system applications. Thus, it is important to develop accurate transmission line parameter estimation methods. This paper puts forward Kalman filter based methods to track the dynamically changing line parameters. The proposed methods can overcome the estimation inaccuracy problem caused by the effect of the noise in the measurements. The proposed methods are based upon the equivalent- circuit of long line and utilize voltage and current data recorded by the Phasor Measurement Units at both ends of the line. Non-compensated and differently configured series compensated lines have been considered in this paper. The case studies demonstrate that the proposed methods have the capability of dynamically tracking changing line parameters and yield accurate estimates with the presence of measurement noises.
Taxing the Transfer of Intellectual Property: Reporting, Auditing, and Revaluation

This study creates and analyzes a model in which IP is sold to a related entity in another country. The model focuses on the taxpayer’s reporting strategy and the tax authority’s audit strategy under two ways of using the future realized value of the IP to evaluate the transfer price, which I label the direct and revision methods. The direct method is favored by the U.S. Treasury Regulations under the commensurate with income standard. The revision method is permitted by the OECD transfer pricing guidelines. The direct method induces a more aggressive auditing strategy by the tax authority and a more conservative reporting strategy by the taxpayer compared to the revision method This in turn results in both strictly higher expected revenues and higher expected audit costs for the tax authority under the direct method compared to the revision method.
Toward a Pedagogy of Self

Background/ContextThe literature on emotional and social intelligence, based on the theoretical constructs of several authors, identifies self-awareness as a core skill for leadership development. ...
Cavitation Induced Damage in Soft Biomaterials

When cavitating bubbles grow in a soft material followed by a violent collapse under the influence of a far-field pressure, they generate secondary pressure pulses of higher magnitude and potentially induce damage to the near-field material. During the bubble collapse, the surrounding material also experiences a high strain rate and shear deformation. Several experimental and analytical observations have shown that the bubble dynamics are highly dependent on the magnitude of the far-field pressure, the volume fraction of non-condensable gas, and material properties. In the present work, we propose a damage parameter as the efficiency of cavitation damage and perform several numerical simulations varying the factors mentioned above to establish a correlation with the damage efficiency. The efficiency of cavitation damage is defined as the ratio of the energy deposited to the surrounding medium and the energy released by the collapsing bubbles. We consider both isotropic (volumetric) and deviatoric (shear) energy deposition, and in doing so, we can separately identify the intensity of both damage mechanisms. For the numerical simulations, we have integrated the viscoelastic Kelvin–Voigt constitutive model with a commercially available solver. The significant findings of the numerical simulations are (1) bubble collapse becomes more violent with the increase of far-field pressure, (2) collapse pressure and intensity decrease with increasing non-condensable gas content, (3) materials elasticity reduces the collapsing velocity, and eventually, the collapsing pressure, (4) viscosity plays a minor role in the first collapse and becomes significant for the subsequent rebounds and collapses.
Pandemic Pedagogy: Narratives of Vulnerability, Grace, and Rebellion

This chapter comprises five narratives that emerged from a series of dialogues about transformative pedagogical practice in the era of COVID-19. The five faculty members who took part in these virtual conversations are all women of color who teach at the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco, CA. What unites this disciplinarily diverse group is a deep commitment to social justice, trauma-informed pedagogy, and psycho-spiritual growth. The dialogues centered on dealing with students’ and educators’ grief, eco-anxiety, and trauma, and exploring opportunities for understanding social and ecological relations that have been opened by the pandemic and other recent events. This discussion led the authors to each tell their unique stories that, when taken together, formed a collective story of meaning-making and relational praxis.
Application of Frequency-Response Analysis to Aircraft-Autopilot Stability

A description of the frequency-response method for analyzing an aircraft-autopilot combination is given, and examples are used to demonstrate various aspects of the method and the criteria for stability. In particular, one numerical example illustrates the method of calculating the aircraft response curves. The procedure for determining the autopilot response curves is outlined. The use of Nyquist diagrams for the analysis of frequency-response data is discussed, and Nyquist diagrams for the example are correlated with the separate frequency-response curves. The complete longitudinal and lateral equations of motion for an aircraft are presented, and, in addition, certain simplified equations for special cases are included. Sources of information concerning the aerodynamic derivatives are given in tabular form.
International Relations and HRD Activities of the International Nuclear Nonproliferation and Security Academy of the ROK

Human resource development activities on nuclear security in international society have moved gradually from a focus on the military dimension of the problem to the social management of conflict and threat. The objective of this article is to describe the human resource development (HRD) activities in the area nuclear nonproliferation and security at the International Nuclear Nonproliferation and Security Academy (INSA) of the Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control (KINAC). This paper begins by touching on the relevant conception of nuclear security in the Republic of Korea (ROK), which has guided the ROK in its HRD efforts. Next, the international relations context that set the stage for the establishment of INSA as a Korean Center of Excellence (COE) in connection with the Nuclear Security Summit (NSS) is described. The third section offers a detailed explanation of INSA’s mission and main activities. The final section considers lessons learned in the first year of INSA’s nuclear nonproliferation and security HRD activities in terms of establishing a culture of nuclear security.
The FACS-Gal Assay

The FACS-Gal assay measures E.coli lacZ-encoded β-Galactosidase activity in eukaryotic cells. Based on the analysis by the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) the enzyme assay allows the simultaneous usage of a single stably integrated lacZ gene for reporter — and selection marker purposes. In reporter gene expression studies β-Gal activity can be measured in large numbers of individual cells, providing information on the distribution of the expression in the population. Furthermore β-Gal activity can be correlated with other single cell parameters such as surface marker expression. Maintaining cell viability the assay allows the culture and further analysis of assayed cells. For selection purposes FACS-Gal profits from the sorting capabilities of the FACS to isolate cells based on virtually any level of expression of β-Gal (from 50000 enzyme molecules/cell). Complementing X-Gal staining of tissue sections the FACS-Gal assay has been successfully used to study β-Gal transgenic mice generated by retroviral gene trapping or homologous recombination approaches.
The Future of Disparate Impact

The Supreme Court's decision in Ricci v. DeStefano (i.e., the New Haven firefighters case) foregrounded the question of whether Title VII's disparate impact standard conflicts with equal protection. This Article shows that there are three ways to read Ricci, one of which is likely fatal to disparate impact doctrine but the other two of which are not.
An empirical investigation of high-risk occupations: Leader influence on employee stress and burnout among police

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between stress and burnout in high-risk occupations and how leadership moderates this relationship. Thus, the primary research question addressed within this study is: What is the relationship between stress and burnout in high-risk occupations as governed by transformational leadership behavior? Design/methodology/approach – An analysis of primary data obtained by survey from 379 police officers from nine southern and southwestern agencies was conducted. Hierarchical regression analysis, multiple moderated hierarchical regression analysis, bivariate correlation analyses and other statistical methods are used. Findings – Results indicate police stress exacerbates perceived burnout. Transformational leadership influences this relationship such that high levels of perceived transformational leadership attenuates the negative relationship between stress and burnout, but less so under highly stressful conditions. Findings have strong implicati...
Architecting energy efficient servers

This dissertation investigates how energy efficient servers can be architected using current and future technology. We leverage recent trends in packaging and device technology to deliver low power and high throughput. Specifically at the package level, this dissertation looks at 3D stacking technology that has emerged as a promising solution in achieving energy efficiency by delivering high throughput at a low cost. It shows how one would leverage this new technology into a datacenter. 3D stacking technology can be used to implement a simple, low-power, high-performance chip multiprocessor suitable for throughput processing. Our proposed architecture leveraging this technology, PicoServer, employs 3D technology to bond one die containing several simple slow processing cores to multiple memory dies sufficient for a primary memory. The multiple memory dies are composed of DRAM. 3D stacking technology also enables wide low-latency buses between processors and memory. These remove the need for an L2 cache allowing its area to be re-allocated to additional simple cores. The additional cores allow the clock frequency to be lowered without impairing throughput. Lower clock frequency along with the integration of non-volatile memory in turn reduces power and means that thermal constraints, a concern with 3D stacking, are easily satisfied. The PicoServer architecture targets server applications, which exhibit a high degree of thread level parallelism. An architecture targeted to efficient throughput is ideal for this application domain. At the memory device level, this dissertation investigates how the system memory could be re-architected to reduce the rising power consumption of system memory and disk drives. Flash memory has emerged as a strong candidate to reduce system memory power while remaining cost effective than conventional system memory. This dissertation discusses how Flash could be integrated at the system level and provides insights on the architectural support for Flash in servers. Our architecture uses a two level disk cache composed of a relatively small DRAM, which includes a primary disk cache, and a Flash based secondary disk cache. Further, based on our observations, we found that the Flash based disk caches should be split into a read optimized disk cache and write optimized disk cache.
Condom use rates in a national probability sample of males and females ages 14 to 94 in the United States

ABSTRACT Introduction Given the efficacy of latex condoms for preventing pregnancy, HIV, and most STI, their promotion remains central to global sexual health efforts. To inform the development of accurate and appropriately-targeted interventions, there is a need for contemporary condom use rates among specific populations. Aims The purpose of this study was to establish rates of condom use among sexually active individuals in the U.S. population. Methods Data were collected via a national probability sample of 5,865 U.S. adolescents and adults aged 14 to 94 years. Main Outcome Measures Condom use was assessed during the most recent partnered vaginal or anal sexual event and over the past 10 vaginal and anal intercourse events. Results Condom use by men during past 10 vaginal intercourse events was slightly higher (21.5%) than that reported by women (18.4%), and consistent with rates of condom use reported during most recent vaginal intercourse by men (24.7%) and women (21.8%). Adolescent men reported condom use during 79.1% of the past 10 vaginal intercourse events, adolescent women reported use during 58.1% of the same. Condom use during past 10 anal intercourse events was higher among men (25.8%) than women (13.2%); the same was observed for most recent anal intercourse event (26.5% for insertive men, 44.1% for receptive men, and 10.8% for receptive women). Generally, condom use was highest among unmarried adults, higher among adolescents than adults, and higher among black and Hispanic individuals when compared with other racial groups. Conclusion These data indicate clear trends in condom use across age, gender, relationship status, and race/ethnicity. These contemporary rates of condom use will be helpful to those who lead efforts to increase condom use among individuals who may be at risk for sexually transmitted infections or who desire to prevent pregnancy. Reece M, Herbenick D, Schick V, Sanders SA, Dodge B, and Fortenberry JD. Condom use rates in a national probability sample of males and females ages 14 to 94 in the United States. J Sex Med 2010;7(suppl 5):266–276.
The Satisfiability Threshold of Random 3-SAT Is at Least 3.52

We prove that a random 3-SAT instance with clause-to-variable density less than 3.52 is satisfiable with high probability. The proof comes through an algorithm which selects (and sets) a variable depending on its degree and that of its complement.
Molecular detection of field isolates of Turkey Eimeria by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene

Oocysts of Eimeria spp. were isolated from litter samples obtained from 30 commercial turkey farms. Genomic DNA was extracted from clean oocysts, and polymerase chain amplification of the species-specific cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was performed for five species of turkey Eimeria. The species tested were Eimeria adenoeides, Eimeria meleagrimitis, Eimeria meleagridis, Eimeria dispersa, and Eimeria gallopavonis. All DNA samples were positive for E. meleagrimitis, nine were positive for E. adenoeides, two were positive for E. dispersa, and none for E. meleagridis and E. gallopavonis. E. meleagrimitis occurred as a single species in 21 (70 %) of the farms while 9 (30 %) farms had a mixed species with E. meleagrimitis and E. adenoeides and 2 (7 %) were triple positive with E. meleagrimitis, E. adenoeides, and E. dispersa. This is the first account of the field prevalence of turkey Eimeria species using molecular methods.
Lemierre syndrome presenting as acute mastoiditis in a 2-year-old girl with congenital dwarfism

Lemierre syndrome is defined by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein caused by Fusobacterium. Historically, these infections originate from the oropharynx and typically are seen in older children, adolescents and young adults. More recently, otogenic sources in younger children have been described with increasing frequency. We present a case of a two-year old, who initially developed an otitis media with perforation of the tympanic membrane and went on to develop mastoiditis and non-occlusive thrombosis of the venous sinus and right internal jugular vein. Fusobacterium necrophorum was grown from operative cultures of the mastoid, ensuing computed tomography scan revealed occlusion of the internal jugular vein and the patient was successfully treated with clindamycin, ciprofloxacin and enoxaparin. This case demonstrates the importance of considering Fusobacterium in otogenic infections and the consideration of Lemierre syndrome when F. necrophorum is identified.
Two-electron photo-ionization from deep states in semiconductors

Photo-ionization (P-I) from deep states in semiconductors can be used to explore the band structure of the crystal as well as to give detailed information about the symmetry and other properties of the bound states themselves. When 2 electrons are bound to a defect the P-I spectrum at high photon energy reflects the initial and final state properties of both electrons. Only at low energies, where one electron is transferred into its 1-electron ground state does the P-I process of a 2-electron state resemble that of a 1-electron state. This fact offers a resolution of the two different interpretations of P-I from the 0- state in GaP as reported by Henry et al. from photo-capacitance studies and by Grimmeiss et al. from photo-conductivity. In the latter the 4 lowest enercry thresholds (Ei = 0.65 to 1.19 eV) correspond to “1-electron” P-I with the 0 center left in its neutral ground state. Only above about 1.4 eV do the “2-electron” processes appear. In photo-capacitance the “2-electron” processes dominate (the “1-electron” thresholds being too weak or too diffuse to be identified), and the spectrum is strongly modified by relaxation of the lattice around the 0+ ion.