cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pituitary Hormone Release in Response to Food Ingestion: Evidence for Neuroendocrine Signals from Gut to Brain*

The synchrony of PRL and cortisol release with feeding is now well established. To delineate further the neuroendocrine mechanisms involved, meal-related pituitary and adrenal cortical activities were investigated in seven normal men in a series of experiments conducted in random sequence at 1-week intervals. Ingestion of a standardized mixed meal elicited a consistent acute release of PRL and cortisol at noon (1200 h), but not at breakfast (0800 h). No measurable changes in other pituitary hormones were observed. The relative magnitudes of PRL and cortisol release in response to lunch were not significantly influenced by a preceding breakfast. These responses appear unrelated to the cephalic or oral phases of food ingestion. However, the composition of the meals was found to be important. Whereas carbohydrate meals had no discernible effects, high protein meals induced a large increase in both PRL and cortisol; high fat meals caused selective release of PRL. Ingestion of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan induced remarkable increments in serum concentrations of both PRL and cortisol, suggesting that these essential amino acids may be active components of the high protein meal. Choline had no effect. Meal-mediated PRL and cortisol release was unaffected by prior receptor blockade of the opioidergic and cholinergic systems with naloxone and atropine, respectively. These observations indicate that the protein component of the meal was responsible for the midday surges of PRL and cortisol and that the cephalic-vagal pathway was not required in food-entrained pituitary hormone release. Further, our data suggest that the neurotransmitter substrates in the protein meal may serve to link the gut and brain by modifying central catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis, and thereby influence the hypothalamic factors controlling pituitary PRL and ACTH secretion. The possibility that gastrointestinal hormones may also influence the hypothalamic-pituitary system remains to be explored.
Triggering cell detachment from patterned electrode arrays by programmed subcellular release.

Programmed subcellular release is an in vitro technique for the quantitative study of cell detachment. The dynamics of cell contraction are measured by releasing cells from surfaces to which they are attached with spatial and temporal control. Release of subcellular regions of cells is achieved by plating cells on an electrode array created by standard microfabrication methods. The electrodes are then biochemically functionalized with an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-terminated thiol. Application of a voltage pulse results in electrochemical desorption of the RGD-terminated thiols, triggering cell detachment. This method allows for the study of the full cascade of events from detachment to subsequent subcellular reorganization. Fabrication of the electrode arrays may take 1–2 d. Preparation for experiments, including surface functionalization and cell plating, can be completed in 10 h. A series of cell release experiments on one device may last several hours.
Distributed merge trees

Improved simulations and sensors are producing datasets whose increasing complexity exhausts our ability to visualize and comprehend them directly. To cope with this problem, we can detect and extract significant features in the data and use them as the basis for subsequent analysis. Topological methods are valuable in this context because they provide robust and general feature definitions.As the growth of serial computational power has stalled, data analysis is becoming increasingly dependent on massively parallel machines. To satisfy the computational demand created by complex datasets, algorithms need to effectively utilize these computer architectures. The main strength of topological methods, their emphasis on global information, turns into an obstacle during parallelization.We present two approaches to alleviate this problem. We develop a distributed representation of the merge tree that avoids computing the global tree on a single processor and lets us parallelize subsequent queries. To account for the increasing number of cores per processor, we develop a new data structure that lets us take advantage of multiple shared-memory cores to parallelize the work on a single node. Finally, we present experiments that illustrate the strengths of our approach as well as help identify future challenges.
Evaluation of the exothermicity of the chemi-ionization reaction Sm + O → SmO+ + e−

The exothermicity of the chemi-ionization reaction Sm + O → SmO+ + e− has been re-evaluated through the combination of several experimental methods. The thermal reactivity (300–650 K) of Sm+ and SmO+ with a range of species measured using a selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometer apparatus is reported and provides limits for the bond strength of SmO+, 5.661 eV ≤ D0(Sm+-O) ≤ 6.500 eV. A more precise value is measured to be 5.725 ± 0.07 eV, bracketed by the observed reactivity of Sm+ and SmO+ with several species using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer (GIBMS). Combined with the established Sm ionization energy (IE), this value indicates an exothermicity of the title reaction of 0.08 ± 0.07 eV, ∼0.2 eV smaller than previous determinations. In addition, the ionization energy of SmO has been measured by resonantly enhanced two-photon ionization and pulsed-field ionization zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy to be 5.7427 ± 0.0006 eV, significantly higher than the literature value. Combined with literature bond energies of SmO, this value indicates an exothermicity of the title reaction of 0.14 ± 0.17 eV, independent from and in agreement with the GIBMS result presented here. The evaluated thermochemistry also suggests that D0(SmO) = 5.83 ± 0.07 eV, consistent with but more precise than the literature values. Implications of these results for interpretation of chemical release experiments in the thermosphere are discussed.
Behavioral programming with the APPLE II microcomputer

A system is described that allows behavioral programming with an APPLE II microcomputer. Input and output interfaces were designed with relays so that maximum flexibility could be obtained with a variety of behavioral chambers and boxes. The system is inexpensive and easily constructed and requires no special knowledge of computers to program or maintain.
Sensitivity analysis of a robust diagnostic general circulation model of the Ross Sea

Abstract The work aims to explore the sensitivity response of a robust-diagnostic model of the Ross Sea area to different forcings and boundary conditions. Numerical experiments using different open boundary velocities, wind stress fields, constraints for sea surface elevation, objectively analyzed or constant ad hoc thermohaline fields with different relaxation coefficients are proposed. Results show that realistic patterns and velocities in the basin are induced mainly by the wind forcing, while its variability can explain part of the modulation of the current field observed but does not affect significantly the Ross island recirculation, mainly controlled by the thermohaline field. The in–out flow below the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) is influenced by the assumptions adopted for the Sea Surface Elevation along the shelf itself, while the wind variability can explain the exchange between the RIS cavity and the sea. Even if the model has to be improved, especially for what concerns the sea–ice interactions that are not present in this version, comparisons between current meters moorings data averages and reconstructed fields show that features can be explained by wind stress variability, while circulation patterns are in good agreement with experimental observations and other theoretical studies.
Molecular cloning and identification of a putative PKCε cDNA from Limulus polyphemus brain

Abstract The protein kinase C (PKC) family of enzymes is broadly distributed and has been implicated in a diverse array of cellular functions. Recent evidence supporting PKC involvement in the regulation of the Limulus choline cotransporter prompted us to clone PKC from a Limulus central nervous system (CNS) cDNA library. An Aplysia californica calcium independent PKC (Apl II) cDNA probe was used to screen the library and 5′ RACE SMART™ PCR was used to obtain the full-length sequence. The resulting cDNA, which included 5′ and 3′ nontranslation regions, was 4675 bp. Analysis of the encoded peptide sequence using the Swiss–prot database revealed at least 58% identity to PKCe. A commercial polyclonal antibody against PKCe was used in Western blots to positively label a 30 kDa protein from Limulus CNS and the expressed fusion protein of the encoded sequence. These data support the presence of a newly identified PKC-like homolog in Limulus which likely represents a PKCe equivalent.
Participant experiences in a breastmilk biomonitoring study: A qualitative assessment.

Background Biomonitoring studies can provide information about individual and population-wide exposure. However they must be designed in a way that protects the rights and welfare of participants. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted as a follow-up to a breastmilk biomonitoring study. The primary objectives were to assess participants' experiences in the study, including the report-back of individual body burden results, and to determine if participation in the study negatively affected breastfeeding rates or duration.
Influence of components of the advection-aridity approach on evapotranspiration estimation

Abstract Several methods have been proposed to estimate areal evapotranspiration from common meteorological data. The advection-aridity approach is one such method which requires no site-calibrated parameters, and uses measurements at a single elevation which are commonly available from a meteorological station. The method is based on a complementary relationship between actual and potential evapotranspiration which postulates that a decrease in actual evapotranspiration will result in a complementary or symmetrical increase in potential evapotranspiration for a given energy input. In this paper, the advection-aridity equations were rewritten to isolate terms which account for available energy, advection or drying power of the air, and sensible heat flux. The advection-aridity method was tested on a daily basis with data for 43 days collected from a flat, semi-arid grassland over a 4 month period. The influence of each of the terms was examined to determine its relative influence in generating the complementary or symmetrical structure between actual and potential evapotranspiration. Advection and sensible heat flux were found to be very significant, whereas available energy was not. A comparison between reference values of evapotranspiration Een obtained from the energy budget with measurements of net radiation, ground heat flux, and sensible heat fluxes obtained by the eddy correlation method, and evapotranspiration estimates from the advection-aridity method, Eaa, produced a small root mean square error of 13.1 W m−2. However, significant bias was present in that Eaa overestimated Een for large values of Een, but underestimated Een for small values. Measurement error and external energy sources not accounted for in the complementary relationship or the advection-aridity approach are discussed as potential causes of this bias.
Team cognition using collaborative technology: a behavioral analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of collaboration mode (face‐to‐face versus non‐collocated using collaborative technology) on team‐based problem solving behaviors associated with team learning, team reflexivity (i.e. reflectiveness) and team mental model development.Design/methodology/approach – The study used a single factor (collaboration mode) between subjects randomized experimental design. The experimental manipulations of collaboration mode were face‐to‐face versus technology‐mediated collaboration. Observer ratings of problem solving behaviors were used to generate data analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.Findings – Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated that face‐to‐face collaboration is superior to technology‐mediated collaboration in facilitating team level cognitive functions such as team learning, team reflexivity, and shared mental model development.Practical implications – To better manage the psychological/cognitive aspects of teamwork,...
Evans syndrome in childhood: pathophysiology, clinical course, and treatment.

Evans syndrome is defined as the simultaneous or sequential occurrence of Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia without known underlying etiology. Ten cases of Evans syndrome were seen at our hospital over the past decade; three patients died. Two cases are described in detail and demonstrate the chronic, refractory nature of this condition. Most patients have required corticosteroid therapy and splenectomy, but further therapy (e.g., intravenous gammaglobulin, danazol, cyclophosphamide) is usually necessary because of recurrent autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or both. There is a substantial risk for development of other autoimmune problems and hypogammaglobulinemia. A number of defects in humoral immunity have been described in Evans syndrome; different antibodies are directed against platelets and red blood cells. Cellular immunity is probably abnormal, but a distinct pattern of immunoregulatory disturbance has not been identified.
Using the Delta Method for Approximate Interval Estimation of Parameter Functions in SEM

In applications of structural equation modeling, it is often desirable to obtain measures of uncertainty for special functions of model parameters. This article provides a didactic discussion of how a method widely used in applied statistics can be employed for approximate standard error and confidence interval evaluation of such functions. The described approach is illustrated with data from a cognitive intervention study, in which it is used to estimate time-invariant reliability in multiwave, multiple indicator models.
Tyranny and Self-Knowledge: Critias and Socrates in Plato's Charmides

Thinkers such as Derrida and Levinas locate the source of the totalitarian tyrannies of our century in totalizing thought, the view that claims the whole is perfectly explicable. Their response maintains that there is no determinate knower and thus no access to enduring intelligibles. This response, however, subverts any claims to political truth, leaving no principles as a basis for political judgment. Plato's Charmides provides a corrective of this difficulty. In this dialogue, Socrates discusses self-knowledge with Critias, who advocates a tyranny founded precisely on a claim of comprehensive knowledge and control. Socrates responds to this theory-based tyranny with a view of the elusiveness of self-knowledge that denies Critias' claim to know the human good with the precision necessary to establish his error-free society. But furthermore, this elusiveness is itself intelligible; possessing a discernible structure, it can substantiate specific political principles. Thus, Plato shows how we might resist such tyranny without subverting the very principles that allow us to judge it unjust.
Interactive implementation : Promoting acceptance of expert systems

Abstract Successful implementation depends both on a computer system's characteristics and on the process by which the system is integrated into the user's work routine. The importance of organizational involvement in expert systems development has been relatively neglected in previous studies. Moreover, relatively few expert systems progress past the prototype stage and still fewer are accepted by the users they are designed to assist. This article examines how and why an expert system is implemented and accepted by a public works agency. It analyzes the process and the results of an in-depth case study of an expert system for water supply system operations. The focus in this study differs from much previous work on computer implementation: instead of examining just the process of technology development, thus study analyzes the critical interactions between the system developer, the technology, and the organization's members. A key finding is that the systems developer can engage in a process of “interactive implementation” to develop the expert system with the organization rather than merely for the organization. This process can catalyze organizational support, reduce barriers, and shape a system that suits user and organizational needs, which ultimately can improve acceptance.
Synthesis and comparative spectroscopic analysis of two chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) derivatives with closely related 7α-ester moieties

Abstract 3α-Hydroxyl-7α-(4-pentenoyloxy)-5β-cholanoic acid (5) has been synthesized in four step reactions starting from CDCA. The serendipitous synthesis of methyl 3α-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)-7α-(allyloxycarbonyloxy)-5β-cholanoate (7) has led us to compare the spectroscopic difference of the 7α-(allyloxycarbonyloxy) group versus the 7α-(4-pentenoyloxy) group. The molecular structures of these compounds were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Methyl 3α-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)-7α-(allyloxycarbonyloxy)-5β-cholanoate was obtained by a method, which may prove useful in the synthesis of 14C-labeled derivatives for metabolic studies.
ERPs reveal similar effects of social gaze orienting and voluntary attention, and distinguish each from reflexive attention

Spatial attention can be reflexively captured by a physically salient stimulus, effortfully directed toward a relevant location, or involuntarily oriented in the direction of another person's gaze (i.e., social gaze orienting). Here, we used event-related potentials to compare the effects of these three types of orienting on multiple stages of subsequent target processing. Although gaze orienting has been associated more strongly with reflexive capture than with voluntary attention, the present data provide new evidence that the neural effects of social gaze orienting are markedly different from the effects of reflexive attentional capture by physically salient stimuli. Specifically, despite their similar behavioral effects, social gaze orienting and reflexive capture produce different effects on both early sensory processing (~120 ms; P1/N1 components) and later, higher-order processing (~300 ms; P3 component). In contrast, the effects of social gaze orienting were highly similar to those of voluntary orienting at these stages of target processing.
Identifiability of a band-limited system from its cyclostationary output autocorrelation

It has been established in the literature that a time-limited linear time invariant (LTI) system can be uniquely identified from its cyclostationary output autocorrelation when the input is a sequence of equispaced Dirac delta functions with independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) random amplitudes. The authors show that this is, however, not true for a band-limited system. A necessary and sufficient condition for a band-limited system to be uniquely identified from its cyclostationary output autocorrelation is given. >
Strategic sourcing management’s mindset: strategic sourcing orientation and its implications

Purpose – Recently, focus in strategic sourcing (SS) has shifted from the exchange of tangible goods toward the exchange of intangibles, such as specialized skills, knowledge, and processes. The purpose of this paper is to aim to delineate the domain of, and operationally test, strategic sourcing orientation (SSO); a management philosophy directed at identifying and meeting the needs and goals of SS. Design/methodology/approach – Using a mixed-methods research design and underpinned by a service dominant logic (SDL) inspired resource-based view (RBV), the authors first use the qualitative input of 41 top sourcing executives in four focus groups to derive four first-order “orientations” (learning, performance, planning, and relational-process) that were found to reflect SSO. Second, the authors propose a theoretically grounded operationalization of SSO derived from the qualitative data and extant literature. A sample of 174 top sourcing executives was used to test the proposed SSO and its impact on SS repu...
Binding of immunogenic peptides to Ia histocompatibility molecules

Most cellular interactions essential for the development of an immune response involve the membrane glycoproteins encoded in the major histocompatibility gene complex. The products of the I region, the class II histocompatibility molecules (Ia molecules), are essential for accessory cells such as macrophages to present polypeptide antigens to helper T cells. This interaction, antigen presentation, is needed for T-cell recognition of the antigen and its consequent activation. How the Ia molecules regulate the immune response during antigen presentation is not known, although it is commonly thought to result from their association with the presented antigen. Recent studies, including the elucidation of the structure of the T-cell receptor, favour recognition of a single structure, an antigen-Ia complex. Here we report attempts to determine whether purified Ia glycoproteins have an affinity for polypeptide antigens presented by intact cells in an Ia-restricted manner. We first identified the epitope of a peptide antigen involved in presentation. Several laboratories have shown that globular proteins are altered (processed) in intracellular vesicles of the antigen-presenting cell before antigen presentation. A major component of the T-cell response is directed toward determinants found in the unfolded or denatured molecule, and our laboratory has shown that the determinant of the hen-egg lysozyme protein (HEL), presented in H-2k mice to T cells, is a sequence of only 10 amino acids. This portion resides in an area of the native molecule partially buried inside the molecule, in a beta-sheet conformation. To be presented, intact or native HEL must first be processed in acidic intracellular vesicles. Having isolated the peptide responsible for T-cell recognition of HEL, we sought a physical association of this peptide with purified, detergent-solubilized I-Ak molecules from B-hybridoma cells. We have found such an association, which may explain the role of the Ia glycoproteins in cellular interactions.
Recent Advances in Solid-State Laser Materials *

After some years of relatively little activity, the field of solid-state lasers has again become an important research area. Laser operation has been demonstrated in new combinations of laser-active ions and host crystals to provide wavelength-tunable output and the promise of greatly improved efficiency. This paper will discuss several currently interesting classes of laser materials: divalent-transition-metal-doped, rutile- and perovskite-structured fluoride crystals such as Co:MgF 2 and V:KMgF 3 , Ti 3+ -doped materials including Ti:A1 2 O 3 and a variety of large-lattice-size garnet crystals doped with Cr 3+ and/or Nd 3+ .
Reparations, Once Again

Reparations whether to blacks for slavery, or to Indians for land theft, or to settle any number of other conflicts, has an interesting political background. Analysts on the left, who are usually no friend of private property rights, nevertheless rely on this doctrine to support their case for reparations. Those on the right, in contrast, who supposedly defend the institution of property rights, jettison them when it comes to reparations. It is only libertarians, such as the present authors, who both favor private property rights in general, and, also, apply them to the issue of reparations, who are logically consistent.
Neurotrophins are not required for normal embryonic development of olfactory neurons.

Abstract Neurons of the vertebrate olfactory epithelium (OE) regenerate continuously throughout life. The capacity of these neurons to regenerate and make new and precise synaptic connections in the olfactory bulb provides a useful model to study factors that may control or mediate neuronal regeneration. Expression and in vitro studies have suggested potential roles for the neurotrophins in the olfactory system. To directly examine whether neurotrophins are required for olfactory neuron development, we characterized in vivo the role of the neurotrophins in the primary olfactory system. For this, we generated mutant mice for TrkA , TrkB , TrkC , and also for BDNF and NT3 together with P2 -IRES- tau-LacZ trangenic mice. Histochemical staining for β-galactosidase at birth allowed in vivo analysis of the P2 subpopulation of olfactory neurons as well as their projections to the olfactory bulb. Our data indicate that Trk signaling is not required for normal embryonic development of the olfactory system.
Differential regulation of the bumetanide-sensitive cotransporter (NKCC2) by ovarian hormones.

Abstract The Na–K–2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) regulates sodium transport along the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and is important in control of sodium balance, renal concentrating ability and renin release. To determine if there are sex differences in NKCC2 abundance and/or distribution, and to evaluate the contribution of ovarian hormones to any such differences, we performed semiquantitative immunoblotting and immunoperoxidase immunohistochemistry for NKCC2 in the kidney of Sprague Dawley male, female and ovariectomized (OVX) rats with and without 17-β estradiol or progesterone supplementation. Intact females demonstrated greater NKCC2 protein in homogenates of whole kidney (334 ± 29%), cortex (219 ± 20%) and outer medulla (133 ± 9%) compared to males. Ovarian hormone supplementation to OVX rats regulated NKCC2 in the outer medulla only, with NKCC2 protein abundance decreasing slightly in response to progesterone but increasing in response to 17-β estradiol. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated prominent NKCC2 labeling in the apical membrane of thick ascending limb cells. Kidney section NKCC2 labeling confirmed regionalized regulation of NKCC2 by ovarian hormones. Localized regulation of NKCC2 by ovarian hormones may have importance in controlling sodium and water balance over the lifetime of women as the milieu of sex hormones varies.
Purification and partial characterization of an antigen from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum that cross-reacts with antiserum to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) root antigens

Conidia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum contained an antigen that cross-reacted with antiserum to cotton root tissue antigens. In agar-gel double diffusion tests, one precipitin band was formed when antiserum to cotton antigens was reacted with crude fungal antigens, or when antiserum to crude fungal antigens was reacted with cotton antigens. The cross-reactive antigen from fungal conidia (CRA) was isolated, purified, and partially characterized. The CRA migrated as a single band in polyacrylamide- or agar-gel electrophoresis, and sedimented as a single band during analytical ultracentrifugation. It was antigenic in rabbits, and was a protein-carbohydrate complex. The possible significance of the CRA in host-parasite compatibility is discussed.
A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs

ABSTRACT The vertebrae of sauropods are characterized by numerous bony struts that connect the costovertebral and intervertebral articulations, centrum, and neural spine of the presacral, sacral, and anterior caudal vertebrae. A nomenclature for sauropod vertebral laminae is proposed that: 1) utilizes the morphological landmarks connected by the laminae (rather than their spatial orientation); and 2) provides the same name for serial homologues. This landmark-based nomenclature for vertebral laminae, which establishes the first criterion of homology (similarity), is the first step towards interpreting their phylogenetic significance. Nineteen different neural arch laminae are identified in sauropods, although all are never present in a single vertebra. Vertebral laminae can be divided into four regional categories, with each distinct lamina abbreviated with a simple four-letter acronym: diapophyseal laminae; parapophyseal laminae; zygapophyseal laminae; and spinal laminae. The distribution of neural arch ...
Crop Species Diversity Affects Productivity and Weed Suppression in Perennial Polycultures under Two Management Strategies

Species diversity can increase natural grasslands productivity but the effect of diversity in agricultural systems is not well understood. Our objective was to measure the effects of species composition, species richness, and harvest management on crop and weed biomass in perennial herbaceous polycultures. In 2003, 49 combinations of seven species (legumes, C 3 and C 4 grasses) including all monocultures and selected two to six species polycultures were sown in small plots at two Iowa, USA, locations in a replicated field design. Plots were split in half and managed with either one or three harvests in each of 2004 and 2005. Biomass increased log-linearly with species richness in all location-management environments and the response was not different between managements. Polycultures outyielded monocultures on average by 73%. The most productive species in monoculture for each management best explained the variation in biomass productivity. The biomass of plots containing this species did not increase with richness in most environments but biomass of plots without this species increased log-linearly in all cases. Weed biomass decreased exponentially with richness in all environments. On average, increasing species richness in perennial herbaceous polycultures increased productivity and weed suppression, but well-adapted species produced high biomass yield regardless of richness.
Augmenting thesauri for information systems

A thesaurus can be a critical component of an office information system. Access to various sets of documents can be facilitated by thesauri and by the connections that are made among thesauri. In the projects described in this paper, the thesauri are stored and manipulated through a relational database management system. The system detects inheritance properties in a thesaurus and uses them to guide a human expert in decisions about how to augment the thesaurus. New strategies will extend our ability to augment existing thesauri.
Investigation of factors determining the optimal glucose infusion rate in total parenteral nutrition

We have used the primed constant infusion of U-13C-glucose to study glucose metabolism during conventional total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in five postoperative surgical patients. Glucose production from nonrecycled carbon sources was suppressed to 17% of the basal level at the lowest rate of glucose infusion tested (4 mg/kg x min). Subsequent increases in glucose infusion rate had minimal effect in further suppressing glucose production. Additional nitrogen-sparing effects of glucose when glucose is infused at rates in excess of 4 mg/kg x min must therefore be derived from oxidation of the infused glucose. An increase in the infusion rate from 4 mg/kg x min to 7 mg/kg x min was associated with an increased rate of glucose oxidation, but a further increase in glucose infusion rate (9 mg/kg x min) was without significant effect on glucose oxidation. As the rate of TPN administration (glucose and amino acids) increased, both metabolic rate and RQ rose significantly. Our calculations indicate that the high RQ's observed during the highest glucose infusion rate (X = 1.13) could be attributed to the synthesis of fat from infused glucose, and that about 30% of the increase in VO2 above the basal level could also be attributed to fat synthesis. The progressive increase in the ability to clear glucose from the blood that occurred as TPN progressed was not due to an increase in the rate of oxidation of glucose; we found no correlation between glucose clearance and glucose oxidation.
Personality and the Strength and Direction of Partisan Identification

We examine the associations between personality traits and the strength and direction of partisan identification using a large national sample. We theorize that the relationships between Big Five personality traits and which party a person affiliates with should mirror those between the Big Five and ideology, which we find to be the case. This suggests that the associations between the Big Five and the direction of partisan identification are largely mediated by ideology. Our more novel finding is that personality traits substantially affect whether individuals affiliate with any party as well as the strength of those affiliations, effects that we theorize stem from affective and cognitive benefits of affiliation. In particular, we find that three personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness) predict strength of partisan identification (p < 0.05). This result holds even after controlling for ideology and a variety of issue positions. These findings contribute to our understanding of the psychological antecedents of partisan identification.
The preparation and properties of some cis-platinum(II) carbonylphosphine complexes, PtX2(CO)(PR3)

Abstract A series of substituted platinum(II) carbonyl complexes, cis -[PtX 2 (CO)(PR 3 )] has been prepared. The effects of various X and R groups on the carbonyl stretching frequency and the dipole moment are discussed. A modified general procedure for the preparation of dimeric platinum(II) complexes. [Pt 2 Cl 4 (PR 3 ) 2 ] has been developed.
Possible cocaine predisposition to adverse cerebrovascular and cardiovascular sequelae of bromocriptine administered postpartum.

Presentation d'un cas d'abus de cocaine precedant l'utilisation de la bromocriptine et developpant des effets secondaires cerebrovasculaires. L'hypersensibilite des recepteurs des catecholamines induits par la cocaine pourrait predisposer la patiente a cette toxicite
From child to adult.

This essay discusses a number of aspects of the neurosurgical problems that occur as a child progresses into adulthood. Some typical disorders may not present until a patient reaches adulthood ("pediatric" brain tumors, hydrocephalus, Arnold-Chiari malformation). The neurosurgeon will be confronted with disorders of maturation - children who are prematurely adult and adults who remain childlike. A variety of neurological disorders may present with these disorders of maturation; and they are discussed. Finally, the neurosurgeon must be prepared to follow-through for adults who have been treated for neurological problems when they were children. These include patients with shunts for hydrocephalus, patients with spinal deformities, and patients with secondary effects of adjunctive therapy.
A mutation to 5-methyltryptophan dependence in the trp operon of Salmonella typhimurium. IV. Isolation and characterization of trp promoter mutations.

The AS-PRT enzyme complex which catalyzes the first two steps in the biosynthesis of tryptophan in S. typhimurium consists of two polypetide subunits: anthranilate synthetase (component I or AS-CoI) and anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (PRT). These polypeptides are the products of the first two structural genes of the trp operon, trpA and trpB respectively. The PRT component has two functions: the aminoterminal 40% of the polypeptide is necessary for glutamine amidotransferase activity (GAT) while the carboxy-terminal 60% carries out the PRT activity proper. The mutant strain SO495 has a mutation, trpA515, which confers a unique phenotype: while the strain is capable of utilizing anthranilic acid (AA) a substrate of PRT, as a growth factor, it can only do so in the presence of the analogue 5-methyltryptophan (MT) normally a potent growth inhibitor. Previous evidence indicates that SO495 may possess a somewhat altered PRT, and that its activity could be inhibited by an altered, enzymatically inactive AS made in this strain under derepression. Some experiments designed to test these possibilities are described in this paper. Various properties of the PRT's of the MT-dependent mutant and several of its MT-independent revertants were examined and compared. These included the determination of their apparent Km's for the substrates anthranilic acid (AA) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and the presence or absence of GAT activity. In addition, the possibility that a complex consisting of PRT and an enzymatically inactive AS-CoI was present in some of the revertant strains only when grown under derepressing conditions was investigated by gel chromatography. The results showed that the MT-dependent strain SO495 and the MT-independent revertants have PRT's which differ from each other as well as from wild type LT7 PRT. In MT-independent revertants which retain the trpPO region and most of trpA, PRT can form a loose aggregate which elutes from Bio-Gel columns as three fast moving peaks. This loose aggregate is absent when the strains are grown under repressing conditions and is always absent in strains which lack most of the trpA gene. These results support the idea that the dependence of strain S0495 on MT for utilization of AA as a growth factor has to do with the inhibition of the altered PRT made in this mutant by an altered AS-CoI polypeptide which is synthesized only under derepression. They also suggest that translation of trpB starts from different points in the wild type, S0495 and the MT-independent revertants.
Multipixel, multidimensional laser radar system performance

The superb angular, range, and Doppler resolutions of coherent laser radars have led developers to design imaging radars in multiple measurement dimensions. Designing processors to detect targets in the images generally proceeds in an ad hoc fashion and it is difficult to predict the performance of the resulting processors. This paper proposes simplified statistical models for the target, radar, and signals then uses classical detection theory to derive quasi-optimal processors which take advantage of the multipixel, multidimensional nature of the image. The target model is of a radar looking down at a vertical target against a uniform, sloping background. The paper also presents the receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) for the resulting generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) processors. The receivers may use any combination of intensity, range, and Doppler measurements. The target reflectivity, range, and angular location are unknown and the background reflectivity is also unknown. The forms of the quasi-optimal receivers provide analytical confirmation of the principles used in many ad hoc processors. The ROCs not only give bounds on the performance of any ad hoc processors and prove the range-only processors are usually superior to the intensity-only processors, but go on to predict how much better and under what conditions. The ROCs also predict how performance changes as a function of resolution in one or several measurement dimensions.
Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for hepatic encephalopathy

Liver failure can induce gradations of encephalopathy from mild to stupor to deep coma. The objective of this study is to investigate and quantify the variation of biochemical compounds in the brain in patients with liver failure and encephalopathy, through the use of water- suppressed, localized in-vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (HMRS). The spectral parameters of the compounds quantitated are: N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA) to Creatine (Cr) ratio, Choline (Cho) to Creatine ratio, Inositol (Ins) to Creatine ratio and Glutamine-Glutamate Amino Acid (AA) to Creatine ratio. The study group consisted of twelve patients with proven advanced chronic liver failure and symptoms of encephalopathy. Comparison has been done with results obtained from five normal subjects without any evidence of encephalopathy or liver diseases.
Profound social-skills deficit and a 6-point plan

This brief comment presents my clinical interpretation of the problems presented by Mike, a 13-year-old Caucasian male living at Boys Town, as described in his case description. My perspective on the case is behavior analytic, and my interpretation is that it involves profound social-skills deficits. To begin, I recommend a comprehensive functional assessment including an interview with Mike. Cautiously, in lieu of information from that assessment, I recommend a 6-point treatment plan including a carefully selected therapist, two types of positive peer reporting, a group approach to social-skills training, and staged and unstaged practice of target social skills.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 79

Abstract The 1966 version of Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 79 has been revised on the basis of experimental data received prior to December 1, 1974. Information from approximately 85 papers and communications has been included in the present evaluation. Data on eight A = 79 nuclei are presented. The half-life and decay energy for 79 Ga have been proposed, but the compilers do not regard the nuclidic assignment as firmly established. The existence of two isomers in 79 Ge has recently been proposed. The compilers tentatively assign a 42-s activity to the 79 Ge ground state, and a partial decay scheme is given. The compilers do not regard the assignment of a 19.1-s activity to 79 Ge as firmly established. The spin of the 79 As ground state is known from its decay to levels in 79 Se. Many levels from 79 Se are known from 79 As decay, single-nucleon transfer, and a level scheme for 78 Se(th n, γ ) proposed by the compilers. Only an upper limit for the half-life of long-lived 79 Se has been determined; this nucleus decays directly to the 79 Br ground state. Levels in stable 79 Br up to 2 MeV are known from 79 Kr decay, Coulomb excitation and resonance fluorescence, and (n,n′ γ ). Most of the information on excited levels in 79 Kr is regarded by the compilers as tentative, since the 79 Rb decay scheme is not well established and all reaction studies are unpublished. Only the ground state of 79 Rb is known, and its spin cannot be determined since the intensity of the decay to the 79 Kr ground state is not accurately known. The compilers tentatively assign as 8.1-m activity to the 79 Sr ground state, but no decay scheme has been proposed. The compilers regard the assignment of a 4.4-m activity to 79 Sr as not firmly established. The only data on excited levels of 79 Sr are unpublished.
A nonlinear boundary layer for shells of revolution

Abstract A pair of nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the boundary layer on a complete shell of revolution are derived. The derivation is based on the nonlinear equations given by Sanders and Koiter for the case of infinitesimal strains and moderately small rotation. It is shown that the classical linear boundary layer for cylindrical shells given in Timoshenko and Woinowsky-Krieger as well as in Green and Zerna, the nonlinear boundary layer for circular plates derived by Friedrichs and Stoker, and the nonlinear boundary layer for shallow caps obtained by Pogorelov are special cases of more general equations. A solution to the nonlinear equations modeled after Friedrich and Stoker and Pogorelov is also included.
Commonalities in compensation.

The sex chromosomes of many species differ in dosage but the total gene expression output is similar, a phenomenon referred to as dosage compensation. Previously, diverse mechanisms were postulated to account for compensation in distantly related taxa. However, two recent papers present evidence that dosage compensation in Drosophila, mammals and nematodes share the property that there is an approximately two-fold upregulation of the single active X chromosome in each case.1,2 The results suggest that a common mechanism might operate in these different cases. BioEssays 28: 565–568, 2006. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multicultural feminist analysis of Laud Humphreys’ Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places

The focus of this article is a comparative analysis of the values inherent in multicultural feminism, and their consistency with the field of sociology of sexualities using Laud Humphreys’ Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places as an reflection of that growing body of work. The following six feminist values, as discussed in Cammaert and Larsen (1988), will be discussed through the filter of the Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places: (1) the personal is political; (2) acknowledging that oppression often results in limited life choices for the “out” group; (3) equalization of the power dynamics between the “in” and “out” groups so they can begin to share power with each other; (4) androgyny and masculinity; (5) social action/empowerment; and (6) expanding the existing knowledge base of data associated with the sociology of sexualities.
A Large Mass on a Newly Implanted Pulmonary Artery Catheter: Thrombus, Vegetation, or an Anatomic Explanation?

From the *Anesthesia and †Cardiothoracic Surgery Services, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI. Address reprint requests to Paul S. Pagel, MD, PhD, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Anesthesia Service, 5000 W National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI. E-mail: pspagel@mcw.edu © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1053-0770/2601-0028$36.00/0 doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2010.07.025
Optimal Shift Duration and Sequence: Recommended Approach for Short-Term Emergency Response Activations for Public Health and Emergency Management

Since September 11, 2001, and the consequent restructuring of the US preparedness and response activities, public health workers are increasingly called on to activate a temporary round-the-clock staffing schedule. These workers may have to make key decisions that could significantly impact the health and safety of the public.The unique physiological demands of rotational shift work and night shift work have the potential to negatively impact decisionmaking ability. A responsible, evidence-based approach to scheduling applies the principles of circadian physiology, as well as unique individual physiologies and preferences. Optimal scheduling would use a clockwise (morning-afternoon-night) rotational schedule: limiting night shifts to blocks of 3, limiting shift duration to 8 hours, and allowing 3 days of recuperation after night shifts.
Co-Regulation of Calcium and Delayed Rectifier Currents Maintains Neuronal Output in a Model of a Crustacean Cardiac Motor Neuron

Homeostatic processes are widespread throughout all living systems, and the nervous system is no exception. Individual neurons as well as neuronal networks must maintain levels of excitability and connectivity to ensure that consistent functional output is achieved. Possible mechanisms for maintaining functional output using co-regulation of channel conductances is studied for a motor neuron, using a computational model. The results are both consistent with and extend the biological observations.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Enhanced Photothermal Effect of Plasmonic Nanoparticles Coated with Reduced Graphene Oxide

We report plasmonic gold nanoshells and nanorods coated with reduced graphene oxide that produce an enhanced photothermal effect when stimulated by near-infrared (NIR) light. Electrostatic interactions between nanosized graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles followed by in situ chemical reduction generated reduced graphene oxide-coated nanoparticles; the coating was demonstrated using Raman and HR-TEM. Reduced graphene oxide-coated gold nanoparticles showed enhanced photothermal effect compared to noncoated or nonreduced graphene oxide-coated gold nanoparticles. Reduced graphene oxide-coated gold nanoparticles killed cells more rapidly than did noncoated or nonreduced graphene oxide-coated gold nanoparticles.
Opus (the Open Platform for Urban Simulation) and UrbanSim 4

This demo will give an introduction to Opus, the Open Platform for Urban Simulation, an Open Source platform for building simulations of land use, activity-based travel demand, and dynamic traffic assignment. It is a result of an international collaboration of research teams working on integrated land use, transportation and environmental modeling. We have developed a new version of UrbanSim - a simulation system for modeling urban development, originally demonstrated at the Digital Government 2004 Conference - as a component of Opus. We will demonstrate usage of UrbanSim for different stakeholder types, from modelers to policy makers.