cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Persistent differences in national productivity growth rates with a common technology and free capital mobility: The roles of private thrift, public debt, capital taxation, and policy toward human capital formation☆

Abstract The paper develops a two-country endogenous growth model to investigate possible causes for the existence and persistence of productivity growth differentials between nations despite a common technology, constant returns to scale, and perfect international capital mobility. Private consumption is derived from a three-period overlapping generations specification. The source of productivity (growth) differentials in our model is the existence of a nontraded capital good (“human capital”) whose augmentation requires a nontraded current input (time spent by the young in education rather than leisure). We consider the influence on productivity growth differentials of private thrift, public debt, the taxation of capital and savings, and policy toward human capital formation.
Serotonin and the heart

Serotonin is a naturally occurring vasoactive substance that has diverse cardiophysiological effects. These effects can be explained by the existence of serotonin receptor subtypes which mediate different biological actions. The vasoconstrictive actions of serotonin are mediated by 5-HT2 serotonergic receptors, and serotonin also amplifies the release and activities of other vasoconstrictors, such as angiotensin and norepinephrine. Abnormalities in the serotonergic system may play an important role in the pathophysiology of multiple cardiovascular disease states such as systemic hypertension, primary pulmonary hypertension and peripheral vascular disease. Selective 5-HT2 serotonergic receptor blockers have been developed which appear to be potent vasodilators with therapeutic potential in various cardiovascular disease states. The largest clinical experience has been collected with ketanserin, and other agents in this class are being investigated. Prolongation of the ECG QT interval with 5-HT2 serotonergic receptor blockers may pose a potential risk with these treatments in some patients.
Getting Students “Partially” Involved in Note-Taking Using Graphic Organizers

Encoding benefits (DiVesta & Gray, 1972) of graphic-organizer and outline note-taking using spaced study and review (Robinson, Katayama, Dubois, & DeVaney, 1998) were investigated. In 2 40-min periods separated by 2 days, 117 undergraduates studied a chapter-length text along with a set of complete, partial, or skeletal graphic organizers or outlines. Two days later, the students reviewed their materials for 10 min and then completed factual and application tests. On the factual test, there was no effect for either study notes or amount of information. However, on the application test, graphic organizers were better than outlines and partial notes were better than complete notes. Having students take notes using partial graphic organizers may be preferable to giving them complete notes because of encoding benefits.
L-Proline Transport by Isolated Renal Tubules from Newborn and Adult Rats

Proline uptake and metabolism has been examined in newborn Sprague-Dawley rat kidney and compared to that in adult animals. [14C]-Proline uptake by renal tubule fragments from newborn rats occurs at the same initial rate as in adult tubules, but at physiologic concentrations achieves significantly higher intracellular levels after 15 min of incubation. Considerable metabolism of the proline taken up was observed in tissue of both ages. Analysis of acid soluble and insoluble tubule fractions from newborn and adults indicates similar degrees of proline incorporation into protein and oxidation to CO2 relative to the amount of radioactivity taken up. A major difference exists, however, with respect to the labeled components of the acid extract: adult tubules convert [14C]-proline to metabolites at a rate twice that of newborn. Analysis of concentration-dependent uptake data reveals two distinct entry systems for proline in both isolated newborn and adult tubules. No difference in the Km or Vmax was found between the young and mature tubules.
What Grounds Creativity

"Developmental or ordinary creativity" is distinguished from "genius creativity." The former offers pleasure or distraction. The latter sometimes offers this, but tarrying before the product of genius also brings a new understanding of one's culture, one's self, and even an experience of transcendence. The concepts of Heidegger and of Gadamer are applied to this distinction. All serious artists are seen as manifesting one or more of three aspects: (1) driven by creative genius from the biological furnace of the individual, (2) temporary regressions and exhaustion of ego function, and (3) an anxiety-driven process resting on a constitutional ability to shift levels of ego activities and compromise formations. Falling in love is discussed as another example of creative imagination based on the need to solve psychological discomfort either due to developmental or pathological problems. Creativity in psychoanalytic work is an important factor that needs to be explored in addition to the fact that every country seems to create the approach to psychoanalysis that it needs. Emotional illness is demonstrated as hindering and constricting creativity, not enhancing it as is the popular idea. Some seriously psychopathological artists are able to wall off the pathology and sublimate their conflicts into the production of art, but creativity requires a relatively intact ego; when the ego deteriorates, so does the creative product. An important spring to genius creativity is the nonrecognition of the extremely talented child, which leads to solitary activity and an immersion in ideas and fantasies that, if the person has the requisite talent, is manifested in the expression of truth and beauty through art.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowships: Faculty and Resident Training Profiles

The objective of this study was to evaluate the faculty and graduate training profiles of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) fellowship training programs. An electronic 10-point questionnaire was sent to 57 PEM fellowship directors, with a 70% response rate. Analysis of the individual certification of faculty members in PEM training programs demonstrated that the largest represented training types were general pediatricians and pediatricians with PEM sub-certification (29% and 62% representation, respectively). The remaining faculty types consistently showed < 5% overall involvement. Reported estimates on faculty delivery of clinical training, didactic training, and procedural skills demonstrated that pediatricians sub-board certified in PEM consistently administered the highest percentage of these skill sets (74%, 68%, and 68%, respectively). Emergency Medicine-trained physicians showed a relative increase of involvement in fellowship programs administered by Emergency Medicine departments and in those programs located within adult hospitals. Yet, this involvement still remained substantially lower than that of the pediatric-type faculty. Program directors of fellowships within pediatric hospitals and those administered by Pediatric programs demonstrated a preference for general pediatricians with sub-board certification in PEM to improve their faculty pools. Program directors of fellowship programs located in adult hospitals and those administered by departments of EM demonstrated no preference in training type. Lastly, program directors report that 95% of past graduates received their primary board certification through Pediatrics and only 5% received their primary board certification through Emergency Medicine. There are currently many more pediatric-trained physicians among PEM fellowship faculty and graduates. This survey has demonstrated that there has been a decline in EM-trained physicians involved in PEM fellowships since 2000.
The mechanism of lysis in phage T4-infected cells.

Abstract Sensitive bacteria infected with mutant strains of phage T4 that lack active lysozyme do not lyse at the usual time, but oxygen uptake in these bacteria cease at the time lysis would normally occur. Normal lysis seems to be triggered by the cessation of metabolism and is accomplished by lysozyme. Superinfection that causes lysis inhibition prolongs the time during which oxygen uptake occurs.
Incidence of a new sex-ratio-distorting endosymbiotic bacterium among arthropods

Many intracellular micro-organisms are now known to cause reproductive abnormalities and other phenomena in their hosts. The endosymbiont Wolbachia is the best known of these reproductive manipulators owing to its extremely high incidence among arthropods and the diverse host effects it has been implicated as causing. However, recent evidence suggests that another intracellular bacterium, a Cytophaga-like organism (CLO), may also induce several reproductive effects in its hosts. Here, we present the first survey of arthropod hosts for infection by the CLO. We use a sensitive hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction method to screen 223 species from 20 arthropod orders for infection by the CLO and Wolbachia. The results indicate that, although not as prevalent as Wolbachia, the CLO infects a significant number of arthropod hosts (ca. 7.2%). In addition, double infections of the CLO and Wolbachia were found in individuals of seven arthropod species. Sequencing analysis of the 16S rDNA region of the CLO indicates evidence for horizontal transmission of the CLO strains. We discuss these results with reference to future studies on host effects induced by intracellular micro-organisms.
Interpretation of contact geometries from force measurements

As manipulation practice moves toward greater dexterity through the use of more complex end effectors it becomes necessary to sense more details of the interactions between the manipulator and grasped object. Accurate modeling of grasp kinematics is necessary for high quality control of the force and motion states of the grasped object. To do this one must ascertain the location, orientation and type of contact that occurs between fingers and objects. We present an approach for determining geometric features of certain basic types of contact. The characteristics of forces and moments transmitted through point, line and surface contacts are considered and used to determine the number and placement of sensing elements. Several sensor designs are given that use a minimal number of strain gauge measurements to locate the position and orientation of point and line contacts.
Time-division-multiplexed arbitration in silicon nanophotonic networks-on-chip for high-performance chip multiprocessors

As the computational performance of microprocessors continues to grow through the integration of an increasing number of processing cores on a single die, the interconnection network has become the central subsystem for providing the communications infrastructure among the on-chip cores as well as to off-chip memory. Silicon nanophotonics as an interconnect technology offers several promising benefits for future networks-on-chip, including low end-to-end transmission energy and high bandwidth density of waveguides using wavelength division multiplexing. In this work, we propose the use of time-division-multiplexed distributed arbitration in a photonic mesh network composed of silicon micro-ring resonator based photonic switches, which provides round-robin fairness to setting up photonic circuit paths. Our design sustains over 10x more bandwidth and uses less power than the compared network designs. We also observe a 2x improvement in performance for memory-centric application traces using the MORE modeling system.
Multitarget association and tracking in 3-D space based on particle filter with joint multitarget probability density

This paper addresses the problem of 3-dimensional (3D) multitarget tracking using particle filter with the joint multitarget probability density (JMPD) technique. The estimation allows the nonlinear target motion with unlabeled measurement association as well as non-Gaussian target state densities. In addition, we decompose the 3D formulation into multiple 2D particle filters that operate on the 2D planes. Both selection and combining of the 2D particle filters for 3D tracking are presented and discussed. Finally, we analyze the tracking and association performance of the proposed approach especially in the cases of multitarget crossing and overlapping.
Spontaneous and ENU-induced mutation spectra at the cII locus in Big Blue® Rat2 embryonic fibroblasts

Iriangle Park, NC 27709, USA Big Blue® Rat2 embryonic fibroblasts carry the λ-Liz shuttle vector which is also present in the Big Blue® mouse and rat. Mutations in the Big Blue® systems have most often been measured at the lacl locus. However, a method for positive selection of mutations at the λ cII locus was recently described. This assay appears to have many advantages over the use of lacI as a mutational target, but it has yet to be well characterized in mammalian mutagenesis studies. The objective of these studies was to determine the spontaneous and ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutant frequencies (MFs) and mutational spectra at cII using Big Blue® Rat2 embryonic fibroblasts. The average spontaneous MF was 13 ± 1.4 × 10 -5 . The average induced MF was 60 ± 10 × 10 -5 10 days following a 30 min treatment with 0.1 mg/ml ENU. Eighty four independent spontaneous mutants were sequenced: 23 (27.4%) were frameshift mutations and 61 (72.6%) were base substitutions. Two spontaneous frameshift hotspots were detected, both in mononucleotide runs. G:C→A:T transitions were the most common type of base substitution in cII; of these 71% occurred at CpG sites. The ENU-induced mutational spectrum at cII (44 mutants) consisted of 42 base substitutions (95.5%) and two -1 frameshift mutations (4.5%). Compared with the spontaneous spectrum, the ENU-induced spectrum had significantly fewer frameshift mutations (4.5 versus 27%) and base substitutions occurred predominantly at A:T base pairs (71 versus 34%). Overall, the spontaneous cII mutational spectrum reported here differs slightly from spontaneous spectra reported at the Big Blue® lacI locus, but the mutational spectra and base substitution MFs following treatment with ENU were comparable at both loci. These data support the continued use of cII as a selectable marker in mutagenesis studies involving cells or tissues that carry a λ transgene.
Methods for detailed modeling of the longitudinal phase space dynamics for beams in cyclic accelerators

The computer program ESME is presented as a tool for modeling the evolution of a distribution of particles, in longitudinal phase space. General features of the code are discussed, and a specific example illustrating the use of the code is given, i.e. debunching and bunch coalescing using the parameters of the Fermilab Main Ring. >
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Lowers Vascular Tone by Decreasing Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation

Rationale:Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), an oxygen (O2)-sensitive transcription factor, mediates transcriptional responses to low-O2 tension states. Although acute hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction and chronic hypoxia can cause vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension, conflicting data exist on the role of HIF-1α in modulating pulmonary vascular tone. Objective:To investigate the role of smooth muscle cell (SMC)–specific HIF-1α in regulating pulmonary vascular tone. Methods and Results:Mice with an SMC-specific deletion of HIF-1α (SM22α-HIF-1α−/−) were created to test the hypothesis that pulmonary artery SMC (PASMC) HIF-1α modulates pulmonary vascular tone and the response to hypoxia. SM22α-HIF-1α−/− mice exhibited significantly higher right ventricular systolic pressure compared with wild-type littermates under normoxia and with exposure to either acute or chronic hypoxia in the absence of histological evidence of accentuated vascular remodeling. Moreover, myosin light chain phosphor...
Wavelet preprocessing for automated neural network detection of EEG spikes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a wavelet transforms (WT) as a preprocessor for an artificial neural network (ANN) based EEG spike detection system. The study aimed at decreasing the input size to the ANN detector, without decreasing the information content of the signal and degrading the detection performance. Since routine clinical EEG requires recordings from many channels (generally 32 or 64), input size becomes a critical design parameter for real-time multichannel spike detection systems. For a sliding window of 20 points, more than 600 input lines will be necessary for a 32-channel system, which is not easily manageable with current ANN technology. One approach to this problem is to use a single ANN module for each EEG channel and integrate the outputs across channel information with a second module. The authors have successfully developed a 16 channel prototype of such a system working in real-time. This system used a 20 point (100 ms) sliding time window and employed a floating point digital signal processor for real-time operation. Adding more channels to this system would be difficult for real-time operation. In addition, the authors' recent studies showed that the best detection performance is attained with a 30 point (150 ms) time window, further increasing the computational load. Thus, the development of a preprocessor to reduce the input size without significantly reducing the information content would be very helpful in developing large multichannel EEG spike detection systems. >
UV radiation resistance and solar blindness of CsI and KBr photocathodes

A detailed study of the stability of CsI and KBr photocathodes under UV irradiation is presented. UV quantum efficiency degradation was found to be more pronounced at lower illumination intensity for the same accumulated dose and illumination wavelength. For an equal number of extracted photoelectrons in-band UV exposure led to a larger sensitivity decay as compared to out-of-band illumination. The angle of radiation incidence was not important for the UV sensitivity degradation, while changes of visible light rejection (i.e. degradation of solar blindness) did depend on the incidence angle: the photocathodes illuminated at normal incidence were activated much faster than the films irradiated at grazing angle. We found that the increase of visible sensitivity can be characterized by the total accumulated dose and is independent of irradiation flux during UV activation. We also observed that heat annealing substantially improves the visible light rejection of CsI photocathodes.
Role of Wnt10b and C/EBPα in spontaneous adipogenesis of 243 cells

This report examines the balance of positive and negative adipogenic factors in a line of immortalized 243 embryonic fibroblasts that undergo spontaneous preadipocyte differentiation. Control of adipogenesis reflects the interplay of factors that promote or inhibit expression of C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma. The 243 cells express C/EBPalpha early and at elevated levels compared to 3T3-F442A preadipocytes or adipocytes. Cell clones were derived from the heterogeneous 243 population for ability or inability to differentiate into adipocytes. Wnt10b, a secreted protein that inhibits adipogenesis, is expressed at high levels in cells with low adipogenic potential and is undetectable in preadipocytes that spontaneously differentiate. In contrast, C/EBPalpha is expressed at reduced levels in cells with low adipogenic potential, and is expressed at high levels in preadipocytes that spontaneously differentiate. These data are consistent with a model in which decreased Wnt10b, coupled with increased C/EBPalpha, results in induction of PPARgamma and spontaneous adipogenesis of 243 cells.
A multimedia atlas of dissection for Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates

Traditional methods of teaching the laboratory course for Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates could be improved by applying current computer technology to construct an interactive, multimedial atlas of dissection. Five specimens used in comparative anatomy courses at most institutions were chosen as representative members of the Phylum Chordata: amphioxus, lamprey, dogfish shark, mud puppy, and cat. Specimens were dissected according to the modified method of Wischnitzer, 1993, and each stage was photographed with a Kodak DC120 digital zoom camera. These images were processed on a Power Macintosh 7600 computer with Adobe Photoshop v. 5.0. The atlas was constructed from these images using Macromedia Authorware v. 4.0.3. Each image contains a series of interactive objects that display a highlight and descriptive text as the cursor passes over each object.
Common functional targets of adaptive micro- and macro-evolutionary divergence in killifish.

Environmental salinity presents a key barrier to dispersal for most aquatic organisms, and adaptation to alternate osmotic environments likely enables species diversification. Little is known of the functional basis for derived tolerance to environmental salinity. We integrate comparative physiology and functional genomics to explore the mechanistic underpinnings of evolved variation in osmotic plasticity within and among two species of killifish; Fundulus majalis harbours the ancestral mainly salt-tolerant phenotype, whereas Fundulus heteroclitus harbours a derived physiology that retains extreme salt tolerance but with expanded osmotic plasticity towards the freshwater end of the osmotic continuum. Common-garden comparative hypo-osmotic challenge experiments show that F. heteroclitus is capable of remodelling gill epithelia more quickly and at more extreme osmotic challenge than F. majalis. We detect an unusual pattern of baseline transcriptome divergence, where neutral evolutionary processes appear to govern expression divergence within species, but patterns of divergence for these genes between species do not follow neutral expectations. During acclimation, genome expression profiling identifies mechanisms of acclimation-associated response that are conserved within the genus including regulation of paracellular permeability. In contrast, several responses vary among species including those putatively associated with cell volume regulation, and these same mechanisms are targets for adaptive physiological divergence along osmotic gradients within F. heteroclitus. As such, the genomic and physiological mechanisms that are associated with adaptive fine-tuning within species also contribute to macro-evolutionary divergence as species diversify across osmotic niches.
Activation of FGF-23 mediated vitamin D degradative pathways by cholecalciferol.

Context: The optimal circulating concentration of 25(OH) vitamin D is controversial. Objective: The aim was to investigate if FGF-23 and 24,25(OH)2D can guide cholecalciferol replacement. Design: Oral cholecalciferol (10,000 IU weekly) administered to subjects with 25(OH)D levels 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 25), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n = 27), or end stage renal disease (ESRD) (n = 14). Setting: The study was conducted at the Veterans Affairs clinics. Main Outcome Measure: Serum FGF-23, PTH, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D, calcium, and phosphorous concentrations, and urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. Results: Cholecalciferol treatment increased concentrations of serum 25(OH)D by (19.3 ± 8 ηg/mL, P = .001; 12.2 ± 9 ηg/mL, P = .0001) and 24,25(OH)2D (1.14 ± 0.89 ηg/mL, P = .0024; 1.0 ± 0.72 ηg/mL P = .0002), and reduced serum PTH (−11 ± 21 pg/mL, P = .0292; −42 ± 68 pg/mL, P = .0494) in normal and CKD subjects, respectively. Cho...
Theiler’s Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease in Mice

The mouse encephalomyelitis viruses are naturally occurring enteric pathogens of mice. Discovered by Max Theiler in the early 1930s, these viruses are frequently referred to as Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV).1 Their host range appears to be quite narrow, and serological evidence indicates that Mus musculus is the natural host. The TMEV are present in virtually all nonbarrier mouse colonies throughout the world, where they cause asymptomatic intestinal infections. Rarely, TMEV spreads to the central nervous system (CNS), producing encephalitis or, more commonly, spontaneous paralysis, i.e., poliomyelitis.2,3 The incidence of spontaneous paralysis is low, on the order of one paralyzed animal per 1000–5000 mice in a colony. Since TMEV may go undetected unless appropriate serological testing is performed, these agents are a potential hazard for investigators using mice in biomedical research. In recent years, this group of viruses has assumed additional importance because TMEV infection in mice provides one of the few available experimental animal models for multiple sclerosis.4–6 TMEV-induced demyelinating disease is perhaps the most relevant animal model for multiple sclerosis because (1) chronic pathological involvement is essentially limited to the CNS white matter; (2) myelin breakdown is accompanied by mononuclear cell inflammation; (3) pathological changes show demyelinating lesions of different ages, suggesting that disease may be recurrent; (4) demyelination results in clinical disease (spasticity, extensor spasms, and neurogenic bladder) involving upper motor neurons; (5) myelin breakdown is immune mediated; and (6) the disease is under multigenic control with a strong linkage to certain major histocompatibility complex genotypes.
Disease Stage and Mode of Therapy Are Important Determinants of Treatment Outcomes for Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Purpose The treatment of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is challenging. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the frequency and identify the factors associated with clinical improvement during treatment. Patients and Methods We designed and implemented a retrospective cohort study and enrolled a sample of subjects diagnosed with MRONJ between 2004 and 2015. The primary predictor variables were a set of heterogeneous variables grouped into the following categories: demographic (age and gender) and clinical (location of necrosis, therapy duration, medication type, disease stage, and treatment type). The primary outcome variable was the treatment outcome, defined as stable or worse and improved or healed. The descriptive, bivariate, and multiple logistic statistics were computed, and statistical significance was defined as P < .05. Results The sample included 337 subjects with a mean age of 68.9 years. Of the 337 subjects, 256 were women (76%). A total of 143 patients (42.2%) experienced spontaneous necrosis. Twenty-four (7.1%) had had exposure to targeted antiangiogenic agents. Those with stage 1 or 2 disease were more likely to have better outcomes than those with stage 3 disease (stage 1, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.4, P = .005; stage 2, adjusted OR 2.2, P = .03). Treatment type was a significant variable. Subjects undergoing surgery were 28 times more likely to have a positive outcome than those receiving nonoperative therapy (adjusted OR 28.7, P < .0001). Conclusions Subjects with MRONJ who presented with less severe disease or who underwent operative treatment were most likely to have improvement or complete healing of their MRONJ-related lesions.
The Mortality Transition, Malthusian Dynamics, and the Rise of Poor Mega-Cities

The largest cities in the world today lie mainly in relatively poor countries, which is a departure from historical experience, when the largest cities were typically found in the richest places. Using new data on the demographic history of the 100 largest mega-cities of today, we establish several new stylized facts distinguishing poor mega-cities from historically rich mega-cities. To account for these facts we develop a model that combines Malthusian models of endogenous population growth with urban models of agglomeration and congestion, and it shows that the absolute growth of the urban population determines whether a city becomes a poor or rich mega-city. We posit that poor mega-cities arose in part because the post-war mortality transition raised their absolute growth above a crucial threshold. Poor mega-cities continue to grow in size but not in living standards because their poverty keeps population growth high. By expanding prior to the mortality transition, historical mega-cities experienced smaller absolute growth that allowed them to sustain wage growth and kept population growth relatively low.
From Online Motivations to Ad Clicks and to Behavioral Intentions: An Empirical Study of Consumer Response to Social Media Advertising

Marketers increasingly use social media advertising to promote their products and services. In particular, display ads have a prominent presence accompanying various social media feeds. This study aims to develop an understanding of how consumer online motivations (connection vs. consumption) lead to ad clicks on social media, which in turn affect behavioral intentions. A research model is developed to delineate two processes: First, the effects of motivations on ad clicks via perceived entertainment and informativeness values of ads, in which the mediating role of perceived congruity between ad and media content is proposed, too; second, the effect of ad clicks on behavioral intentions to purchase and spread positive word of mouth. The model was tested and confirmed with the online survey data of 613 social media users. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Cryptococcal Infection of the Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Patient: Male, 52 Final Diagnosis: Cryptococcal ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection Symptoms: Confusion • fever • Lethargy Medication: Amphotericin B • Flucytosine Clinical Procedure: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt removal Specialty: Infectious disease Objective: Rare disease
The Dangers of Carbon Reduction Tunnel Vision

"Tunnel vision" is a double-edged sword. It can be a positive force, focusing attention and creating momentum to act. Vice President Gore shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the IPCC when he helped focus the world’s attention on climate change and the urgent need to bring people and resources to bear on addressing the crisis. Nearly a decade later, we struggle to make Gore’s message heard: the enormity and complexity of the climate challenges facing us — facing our planet, our cultural and political systems, our legal regimes, our moral constructs — demand attention and action now. However, there exists a tension between the pressing need for action and the importance of making well-considered choices. Tunnel vision is a dangerous lens through which to view potential solutions to climate change. It is a form of selective attention which can lead to inadequate problem-formulation, partial solutions to complex problems, and unintended side effects. Tunnel vision as an approach to the multifaceted problem of climate change limits our strategies for mitigating and adapting to the warming of the planet and, ultimately, fosters additional problems.This paper speaks to the need to identify and consider the co-benefits and co-detriments (the side effects) of the climate change policies and projects we consider, particularly given the magnified impact of climate change and climate change policies on vulnerable populations.
Smart patch integration development of compression connector structural health monitoring in overhead transmission lines

Integration of smart patches into full-tension splice connectors in overhead power transmission lines was investigated. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) -5A was used as a smart material and an aluminum beam was used as a host structure. Negative electrode termination was examined by using copper adhesive tape and direct bonding methods. Various commercial adhesives were studied for PZT integration onto the host structure. Aluminum beam specimens with integrated PZT smart patches were tested under thermal cycling at a temperature of 125°C, which is the higher-end temperature experienced by in-service aluminum conductor steel-reinforced cables. Electromechanical impedance (EMI) measurements were conducted at room temperature, and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the conductance signals was used to analyze the EMI data. It has been shown that the negative electrode method has an important effect on the performance of the integrated PZT. The PZT displayed more susceptibility to cracking when copper tape was used than when direct bonding was used. The reliability of PZT in direct bonding depended on the adhesives used in bonding layers. Although a hard alumina–based adhesive can lead to cracking of the PZT, a high-temperature epoxy with adequate flexibility, such as Duralco 4538D, can provide the desired performance under target thermal cycling conditions. The RMSD parameter can characterize conductance signatures effectively. It also was demonstrated that RMSD can be used to quantify the fatigue of the PZT integration system, although RMSD is used primarily as a damage index in monitoring structural health.
The neuromuscular mechanism of alkalotic and hypocalcemic tetany.

Summary1. Tetany was produced acutely in eleven cats and one dog with solutions of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and a phosphate buffer administered by venoclysis. Fasciculations and tonic spasms involving especially the head and forelimb musculature characterized this form of tetany. Clonic spasms were were not seen in anesthetized animals. 2. Section of the hypoglossal nerve did not significantly influence the fasciculations of the tongue musculature. Section of the brachial plexus did not significantly influence the fasciculations or tonic spasms of the fore-limb musculature. 3. Paralytic doses of d-tubocurarine blocked all motor manifestations of tetany. 4. It was concluded that all of the motor phenomena characterizing alkalotic and hypocalcemic tetany could result from the spontaneous iterative discharges occurring in peripheral motor nerve fibers or their terminations.
Teaching From Privilege Reflections From White Female Instructors

Three white female social work instructors reflect on our privilege and its manifestations in the classroom. Using examples from our teaching, we describe the limiting effects of our privilege, including making assumptions about our students’ experiences, displaying bias in our choice of teaching materials, and not meeting student learning needs. We also noticed times when we modeled skills for students, held ourselves accountable for our actions, and were allies for students from marginalized backgrounds. Through reflection, we strive to transform the limitations into critical learning opportunities in social work education. Implications are discussed for teaching and institutional support.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF A BIAS-FLOW PERFORATED LINER FOR DAMPING OF THERMOACOUSTIC INSTABILITIES

Lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) gas turbine generators are naturally prone to thermoacoustic instabilities. Strategic placement of passive damping devices can provide simple, effective fixes for such unstable behavior. In this work, the thermoacoustic damping characteristics of a perforated liner with mean bias flow are examined. A recently-developed theoretical model, along with accompanying experimental investigation, has demonstrated that a bias-flow liner can very effectively absorb incident acoustic waves. Here, a modular simulation tool is utilized to examine the capability of the liner for stabilizing an unstable ducted flame. The simulation tool represents the acoustic interactions between duct elements in the form of transfer matrices, which can be modularly arranged for exploring a variety of configurations. An unstable thermoacoustic system is produced with a gain-delay flame model in a duct. The frequencies and growth rates of the linear model are examined. It is shown that, by tailoring the liner porosity and the bias flow, unstable modes of the thermoacoustic system can be stabilized. Furthermore, it is found that, for a double liner system, there is an optimal liner porosity for a given choice of bias flow, at which the modal decay rate is maximized.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Integrated clinical and laboratory databases

Many clinical laboratories routinely provide electronic reporting of laboratory results, and there is an increasing trend for users to capture these data in their own departments’ clinical information system. This allows laboratory data to be interpreted in the context of the rest of the patients’ electronic healthcare record. Integration of clinical data from various sources (e.g., clinical, laboratory, and radiology systems) combats fragmentation of healthcare, facilitates audit, and can lead to improved patient outcomes. The development of international standards such as Health Level 7 for clinical data interchange has facilitated this process. Also, the availability of evidence-based guidelines and integrated care pathways in clinical domains where laboratory data are critical has given a further stimulus to integration. Decision support systems and clinical data mining techniques may also be used to interrogate or search large data ‘warehouses’ containing integrated clinical and laboratory data. In this presentation, the benefits and some limitations of integrating laboratory data with clinical information systems in selected clinical domains such as diabetes will be reviewed. International developments and selected applications from primary and secondary care will be reviewed, including the role of laboratory data in online personal health records, in remote telemonitoring, and in virtual clinics (‘e-clinics’).
Effect of psychological intervention on parents′ mental of hand-foot-mouth disease child patient

Objective: To discuss the psychological features of the parents of child patients with HFMD(hand-foot-and-mouth disease) when they faced the emergencies(epidemic diseases),and to explore the effect of psychological intervention for relieving the parents′ psychological troubles.Methods: 48 parents of child patients with HFMD were divided into experimental group and control group randomly.Then the parents of the experimental group will be induced by psychological intervention and the parents in control group will be just given the general duty nursing.Last but not least,before and after the psychological intervention,the psychological states of the parents of these two groups will be judged by SCL-90 respectively.Results: According to the After psychological intervention,the experimental scores of anxiety,depression and other psychological factors of experimental group former reduce effectively than contro group.On the contrary,the scores of the latter have little change,even a few factors′ data increased.Conclusion: The psychological intervention has a marked improvement for the psychological states of the parents whose children got HFMD.
Application of Desulfurization APS System in 1 000 MW Unit

This paper analyzes the feasibility of the application of the desulfurization APS system for the 1 000 MW unit in Ninghai Power Plant,discusses the significance of the system,summarizes the problems and solutions during the process of application and indicates the practicality and reliability of the system.And it is of great reference value for the design and commissioning of the desulfurization APS system of other units.
Storm Over War Origins

The Origins of the Second World War, published in 1961, was and remains Taylor’s most controversial work, and small wonder. It addressed a historical consensus sometimes referred to as the ‘Nuremberg thesis’, because of its association with evidence presented before the Nuremberg tribunal just after the war. This thesis held that the most destructive war in history was desired, planned well in advance, and instituted by Adolf Hitler and his Nazi followers, and that the German people had been largely innocent victims of this evil regime. Not a bit of it, Taylor countered. In his version, Hitler was a traditional European statesman and no more responsible for the war than his counterparts, because: ‘The war of 1939, far from being premeditated, was a mistake, the result on both sides of diplomatic blunders.’1
Ideals in deformation quantizations over Z/pnZ

Abstract Let k be a perfect field of characteristic p > 2 . Let A 1 be an Azumaya algebra over a smooth symplectic affine variety over k . Let A n be a deformation quantization of A 1 over W n ( k ) . We prove that all W n ( k ) -flat two-sided ideals of A n are generated by central elements.
Threshold current density in strained-layer InxGa1-xAs-GaAs QW Heterostructure Lasers

Very low·threshold current densities have been demonstrated in strained-layer InxGa1-xAs-GaAs SQW heterostructure lasers having a number of different structures. In this paper, the transparency carrier and current densities for ideal and practical step graded strained-layer SQW heterostructure laser structures are compared. The effects of inner barrier layer composition and thickness on these densities and the optical confinement factor are outlined. Optimized structures for minimum laser threshold current density are described. Finally, these design criteria are applied to previously reported strained-layer laser structures and the results compared with experimental data on laser threshold current density, cavity length.
The mother of all post-mortems

ABSTRACTThe most striking finding of the Chilcot Report is that the record reveals little that was previously unknown. A key point for its authors is that diplomatic alternatives had not been exhausted when the US and UK went to war. But, short of an armed attack by the other side, it is hard to say when they would have been. Here what was crucial was the belief shared by Bush and Blair that Saddam Hussain would not and could not change. For the British the issue of whether alternatives to war remained is particularly important because of its implications for international law, something that did not trouble the Americans. It remains unclear if Blair would have gained or lost leverage over Bush had he made British participation contingent on better American policy, for example on developing a workable plan for the reconstruction of Iraq.
A computational guide to the dichotomy of features and constraints

A contentious issue in the Minimalist literature is whether certain phenomena are best described in terms of features or constraints. Building on recent work in mathematical linguistics, I argue that constraints and features are interchangeable in Minimalist syntax. This does not invalidate the feature-constraint debate, though. Rather, the interdefinability of the two points out an unexpected loophole in the formalism that allows for massive overgeneration and produces incorrect typological predictions. At the same time, the feature-constraint equivalence can be helpful in plugging this loophole. This article is part of Special Collection: What drives syntactic computation?
Relationship between Maternal Parenting Style and High School Achievement and Self–Esteem in China, Turkey and U.S.A.1

This cross-cultural study investigated country differences in the relationship between maternal parenting styles and two important developmental outcomes of students – high school achievement and s...
Credit Market Consequences of Credit Flag Removals

This paper estimates the impact of a bad credit report on financial outcomes by exploiting exogenous variation in the timing of credit flag removals. Credit flags are removed from credit reports after seven years, generating an immediate change in the information available to the credit market. We study the effects of credit flag removal using a sample of 246,000 individuals whose flags were removed between 2004 and 2013. We find that the removal of bankruptcy and charge-off flags result in increased credit scores. These increased scores are associated with increases in the number of credit card lines, credit card limits, and credit card balances. Results from a second identification strategy exploiting a sudden change in how credit flags are coded yields similar results. The findings support the view that credit reporting decisions have direct credit market consequences for consumers.
Linear Hyperbolic and Petrowski Type PDEs with Continuous Boundary Control → Boundary Observation Open Loop Map: Implication on Nonlinear Boundary Stabilization with Optimal Decay Rates

Abstract Uniform stabilization with nonlinear boundary feedback is asserted for classes of hyperbolic and Petrowski type multidimensional partial differential equations with variable coefficients (in space), as a consequence of the continuity (boundedness) of the corresponding purely Boundary Control → Boundary observation open-loop map of dissipative character, of interest in its own right. The interior is assumed inaccessible. There are explicit hyper-bolic/Petrowski type dynamical PDE classes where such a property holds and classes where it fails. When available, it has a number of attractive and unexpected consequences. In particular, when accompanied by exact controllability of the corresponding open-loop linear model, it implies uniform stabilization with optimal decay rates—when a nonlinear function of the boundary observation closes up the loop, to generate the corresponding boundary feedback dissipative problem.
Evaluating the effect of a campus-wide social norms marketing intervention on alcohol-use perceptions, consumption, and blackouts.

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the effect of a campus-wide social norms marketing intervention on alcohol-use perceptions, consumption, and blackouts at a large, urban, public university. Participants: 4,172 college students (1,208 freshmen, 1,159 sophomores, 953 juniors, and 852 seniors) who completed surveys in Spring 2015 for the Spit for Science Study, a longitudinal study of students' substance use and emotional health. Methods: Participants were e-mailed an online survey that queried campaign readership, perception of peer alcohol use, alcohol consumption, frequency of consumption, and frequency of blackouts. Associations between variables were evaluated using path analysis. Results: We found that campaign readership was associated with more accurate perceptions of peer alcohol use, which, in turn, was associated with self-reported lower number of drinks per sitting and experiencing fewer blackouts. Conclusions: This evaluation supports the use of social norms marketing as a population-level interve...
Targeted inhibitors of P-glycoprotein increase chemotherapeutic-induced mortality of multidrug resistant tumor cells

Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is often linked to multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer chemotherapies. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the best studied drug transporters associated with MDR. There are currently no approved drugs available for clinical use in cancer chemotherapies to reverse MDR by inhibiting P-glycoprotein. Using computational studies, we previously identified several compounds that inhibit P-gp by targeting its nucleotide binding domain and avoiding its drug binding domains. Several of these compounds showed successful MDR reversal when tested on a drug resistant prostate cancer cell line. Using conventional two-dimensional cell culture of MDR ovarian and prostate cancer cells and three dimensional prostate cancer microtumor spheroids, we demonstrated here that co-administration with chemotherapeutics significantly decreased cell viability and survival as well as cell motility. The P-gp inhibitors were not observed to be toxic on their own. The inhibitors increased cellular retention of chemotherapeutics and reporter compounds known to be transport substrates of P-gp. We also showed that these compounds are not transport substrates of P-gp and that two of the three inhibit P-gp, but not the closely related ABC transporter, ABCG2/BCRP. The results presented suggest that these P-gp inhibitors may be promising leads for future drug development.