cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The incidence and outcome of patella fractures after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Abstract Purpose: The study was performed to determine the incidence and eventual outcome of patella fractures after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions using bone-patella tendon-bone autograft. Type of Study: Retrospective review. Methods: Between 1989 to 1999, 618 consecutive primary, single-incision bone-patella tendon-bone autograft ACL reconstructive procedures were performed by 3 surgeons at our institution. Of this group, 8 (1.3%) had postoperative patella fracture of the donor knee. The charts of these patients were retrospectively reviewed, and patients were followed with physical examination and outcome questionnaires. Results: The patella fractures occurred at a mean of 57 days after the ACL reconstruction (range, 24-121 days). Five patients sustained indirect trauma, whereas 3 experienced direct trauma. Three patients had nondisplaced transverse fractures treated nonoperatively. Five patients had displaced fractures (3 transverse and 2 Y-shaped) requiring surgical intervention. All 8 patients have full flexion when compared with their opposite knee. Two patients did not regain 5 degrees of hyperextension but were not symptomatic. The mean length of follow-up for the questionnaire was 4 years (range, 1.5 to 6.5 years). The mean score on the Lysholm knee questionnaire was 89.6 (range, 77-98). The mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score was 85.8 (range, 50-100). Conclusions: Most cases of postoperative patella fractures, in our experience, have caused minor changes postoperatively and no differences in the outcome of these patients. Seventy-five percent of our patients had excellent or good Lysholm scores. This study confirms previous reports in the literature that observed minimal residual sequelae from postoperative patella fractures after ACL reconstruction with bone-patella tendon-bone autograft. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 18, No 6 (July-August), 2002: pp 578–583
Good girls, sexy bad girls, and warriors: The role of trauma and dissociation in the creation and reproduction of gender

SUMMARY The thesis of this article is that substantially, “femininity” and “masculinity,” the gendered personality styles so common in our culture, are direct and indirect outcomes of trauma, and reflective of dissociation. In addition to being direct sequellae of trauma, these “post-traumatic styles” may become consensually accepted modes of interaction by virtue of vicarious and anticipatory trauma. The patterns tend to differ for females and males, reflecting social forces, including sex-typed child-rearing patterns, and biological predispositions interacting with trauma. While presenting self-states of abused girls and women often tend to be compliant, childlike, passive, masochistic, “good,” vulnerable, sweet, and dependent–characteristics often considered stereotypical for females, posttraumatic aggressivity of boys may appear indistinguishable from stereotypical “masculinity.” Aggressivity and violence reproduce trauma, which then contributes to the reproduction of gender.
Magnetism and Chemisorption

Abstract Spin polarized photoemission studies of different adsorbates on an Fe (001) substrate show the interaction between the adsorbate and the substrate d bands. Studies of the adsorption of oxygen reveal exchange split adsorbate bands indicative of both a magnetic moment on the adsorbate atom and also a strong adsorbate p z substrate d z 2 bond. The oxygen p z bands show a large variation in exchange splitting across the surface zone, an observation that is not predicted in first principles calculations of this system. Spin Polarised Auger Electron Spectroscopy studies of sulfur adsorbed on the same surface provide some indication of the magnetic moment on the adsorbate. It is found to be of the order of 0.1 μB. Studies of carbon monoxide adsorption in two different configurations, vertical and tilted, reveal little or no exchange splitting in the molecular 5σ orbital suggesting that the interaction of this orbital with the substrate d bands is much weaker.
Estimation of inspiratory muscle strength in mechanically ventilated patients: The measurement of maximal inspiratory pressure

We examined the time course of prossure development after temporary occlusion of the airway to develop guidelines for estimating inspiratory muscle strength in mechanically ventilated patients. Twenty critically ill patients were tested by two methods, one involving total airway occlusion at end-exhalation (Method I) and the other involving use of a unidirectional expiratory valve to selectively permit exhalation while inspiration was blocked (Method II). With either technique, maximally negative pressures (MIP) were not achieved until approximately ten efforts or 20 seconds had elapsed postocclusion. Maximal pressures achieved by Method II almost invariably exceeded those achieved by Method I (mean Δ = 34%, P
Regulation of ribonucleotide reductase activity and its possible exploitation in chemotherapy.

Abstract Although 2′-deoxyadenosine inhibits the growth of many organisms it is not inhibitory for Lactobacillus leichmannii. This is consistent with the presence of a powerful trans-N-deoxyribosylase in this organism, as well as the absence of any inhibitory effects of dATP on its ribonucleotide reductase. Specific activating effects of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates on the reduction of ribonucleotides catalyzed by the L. leichmannii reductase did not act to equalize the production of pyrimidine and purine deoxyribonucleotides when GTP, ATP, CTP and UTP were reduced simultaneously in vitro. Under all conditions investigated dGTP and dATP were formed at a much greater rate than dCTP and dUTP. Deoxytubercidin has an ED50 for CCRF-CEM cells considerably lower than that for deoxyadenosine and only slightly higher than that for deoxyadenosine in the presence of an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. This observation suggests that other analogs of deoxyadenosine may efficiently inhibit mammalian cell proliferation via conversion to dATP analogs which inhibit mammalian ribonucleotide reductase.
NMR study of low-energy excitations in Na β -alumina

$^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ and $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ NMR relaxation measurements are reported for Na $\ensuremath{\beta}$-alumina in the temperature range \ensuremath{\sim}4-120 K. Below \ensuremath{\sim}55 K, ${T}_{1}$ exhibits a power-law dependence on temperature similar to that observed in a wide variety of disordered solids and attributed to the presence of energetically low-lying excitations. The ${T}_{1}$ behavior in the temperature region \ensuremath{\sim}55-120 K can be described by a thermally activated motional process with ${E}_{A}\ensuremath{\approx}0.05$ eV. The $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ spin-spin relaxation time ${T}_{2}$ decreases monotonically with increasing temperature, suggesting that nuclear spin dephasing by ion diffusion in static electric-field-gradient inhomogeneities is appreciable.
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Liver transplantation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma yields disappointing results. Most cases recur within 2 years, often in the transplanted liver. Methods: A combination of neoadjuvant doxorubicin and orthotopic liver transplantation was used in 20 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma confined to the liver. Seventeen patients had tumors > 5 cm in greatest diameter, and 11 cases were stage IVA by the TNM classification. Doxorubicin was administered preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively at a dose of 10 mg/m2 weekly, totaling 200 mg/m2. Results: Chemotherapy was well tolerated although leukopenia was was observed in 70% of patients. Eight patients died, five of recurrent tumor and three of hepatitis B. Three others remain alive 8-22 months after tumor recurrence. One patient had initial tumor recurrence in the allograft. Actuarial survival is 59% and tumor-free survival is 54% at 3 years. For the 17 patients with tumors > 5 cm, overall survival is 63% and tumor-free survival is 49% at 3 years. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study suggest that neoadjuvant doxorubicin chemotherapy favorably alters the post-transplant survival of patients with ehpatocellular carcinoma.
CMOS photonic integrated circuits

A platform for Systems-on-Chip with photonic input and output is presented. Electronic-photonic integrated circuits within existing state-of-the-art CMOS foundries are explored with applications ranging from multiprocessor interconnects to coherent communications.
Limb loss with patent infra-inguinal bypasses

To determine systemic and local risk factors that contribute to limb loss despite a patent infra-inguinal bypass graft and how to prevent it, we reviewed 987 patients who underwent infra-inguinal bypasses at our institution. Seventy-five (7.6%) patent grafts failed to achieve a healed foot despite exhaustive attempts to do so and these patients underwent major amputation either above the knee (AKA) or below the knee (BKA). In 525 femoro-popliteal bypasses, there were 38 major amputations (29 BKA; 9 AKA) with a patent graft; in 462 femoro-distal bypasses, there were 37 amputations (22 BKA; 15 AKA) with a patent graft. The remaining 912 patients with limb salvage as well as all the patients with limb loss were evaluated with regard to systemic risk factors, quality of the run-off from the popliteal artery, continuity of the tibial artery into the arch as demonstrated on arteriography, the haemodynamic improvement obtained postoperatively, and the presence and extent of necrosis in the foot. The presence of diabetes, extensive pedal necrosis and advanced infection predispose to limb loss despite a patent lower extremity bypass graft. Patients who lost their limbs despite a functioning bypass to an isolated popliteal segment had significantly less pronounced haemodynamic improvement postoperatively. An early graft extension to a reconstituted tibial or peroneal artery or a direct bypass to a distal tibial or peroneal artery may reduce the incidence of limb loss in this setting. When a patent bypass to an isolated tibial or peroneal artery segment failed to relieve foot ischaemia, limb salvage was achieved by a distal extension to plantar arteries.
Optimal Advertising-Expenditure Implications of a Simultaneous-Equation Regression Analysis

This paper builds upon an empirical study of advertising and sales relations by developing a simultaneous-equation regression model, testing it against aggregative time-series data, and exploring the resulting managerial implications. Since the statistical model is dynamic, the optimization plan is multi-period in character. The implied optimal strategy is compared with the strategy used by an actual firm.
Occurrence of pesticides in ground water of the Ozark Plateaus Province

: Pesticides were detected in ground-water samples collected from 20 springs and nine wells in the Ozark Plateaus Province of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. From April through September 1993, water samples were collected from 50 shallow domestic wells and 50 springs in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers and analyzed for 47 pesticides and metabolites. Pesticides were detected in 17 water samples from the Springfield Plateau aquifer and 12 water samples from the Ozark aquifer. Fourteen pesticides were detected, with a maximum of four pesticides detected in any one sample. The most commonly detected pesticides were atrazine (14 detections), prometon (11 detections), and tebuthiuron (seven detections). P, P' DDE, a metabolite of DDT, was detected in water samples from three wells and one spring. The remaining pesticides were detected in three or less samples. The occurrence and distribution of pesticides probably are related to the local land use near a sampling site. Pesticide detections were significantly related to aquifer, site type, and discharge of springs.
Azimuthal radiometric temperature measurements of wheat canopies.

The effects of azimuthal view angle on the radiometric temperature of wheat canopies at various stages of development are investigated. Measurements of plant height, total leaf area index, green leaf area index and Feeks growth stage together with infrared radiometric temperature measurements at 12 azimuth intervals with respect to solar azimuth and at different solar zenith angles were obtained for four wheat canopies at various heights. Results reveal a difference on the order of 2 C between the temperatures measured at azimuths of 0 and 180 deg under calm wind conditions, which is attributed to the time-dependent transfer of heat between canopy component surfaces. The azimuthal dependence must thus be taken into account in the determination of radiometric temperatures.
Using satellite radar imagery to monitor flood conditions in wetland ecoystems of southern Florida

This research study focuses on using a spaceborne imaging radar, ERS-1, for monitoring wetland ecosystems of southern Florida. the tropical climate of southern Florida is characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons which cause significant changes in water tables of wetland ecosystems. The period of time during which freshwater wetlands are flooded has been severely altered by human activities over the past two decades. Canals and drainage ditches lower water tables, roads create natural barriers to surface water flow, and changes in land cover alter surface water flow. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of the ERS-1 C-band VV-polarization SAR data for monitoring the spatial and temporal patterns of flooding in wetlands of southern Florida. Surface water levels were measured at several wetland sites from May to November of 1995. Relationships between ERS-1 SAR backscatter and surface water levels in sparse canopy forested ecosystems and herbaceous ecosystems are demonstrated. The impedance of surface water flow by anthropogenic structures is also apparent in the ERS-1 imagery and may be monitored. Monitoring capabilities allow managers to assess the impacts of anthropogenic features on overland flow, erosion, wetland ecology, and coastal and estuarine processes. Long-term monitoring provides information on where to establish culverts and where it is necessary to divert water back into ecosystems to restore natural water flow patterns.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Glucosiduronidation of androsterone by human breast tumors in vitro in relation to the progesterone receptor content

Abstract Homogenates of human breast tumors were incubated with 3 H-androsterone and the percentage conversions to androsterone glucosiduronate were determined. In addition, separate portions of the tumors were analyzed for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) to see whether conjugation and receptor content could be correlated. Sixteen of thirty-two tumor homogenates formed androsterone glucosiduronate (0.03–5.9%) from androsterone. There was no correlation between ER content and glucuronyltransferase activity. Considering the twenty-six malignant mammary tumors, of the fifteen PR positive types, five (one-third) formed the conjugate. In contrast, almost two-thirds (seven of eleven) of the PR negative tumors formed androsterone glucosiduronate. These correlations indicate a trend, but not of statistical signficance.
A comparison of standardized and group contingencies in a classroom setting

The applied use of group operant contingencies has proliferated in recent years creating the need for experimental comparisons of the many procedural variations possible. The present study compared the effects of two group contingencies (distinguished by the receipt of reward by all group members versus only the responders), standardized contingency, free reward, and request-only in influencing the submission of test questions by students in a college classroom. The group contingencies produced the highest levels of responding with the reward variable effecting a small but stable performance difference. The standardized contingencies generated a lower response level while the free-reward and request-only manipulations produced negligible responding. The results suggest that an “interdependent” group contingency which provides reward only to those who perform the target behavior is a superior procedure for behavior influence on a group level. Standardized contingencies may be the least effective of such procedures.
The effect of different rates of application of 2, 4-D on the yield of potatoes

These results indicate that control of weeds in potato fields may be possible by incorporating a weed killer with the regular potato spray mixture. Applications of as much as. 875 pounds per acre of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid applied in the form of the 70 per cent sodium salt resulted in control of weeds and no significant decrease in yield of Katahdin variety potatoes.
Biological Action of ‘Mustard Gas’ Compounds: Mutagenic Activity of beta-Chloroalkyl Amines and Sulphides

Biological Action of ‘Mustard Gas’ Compounds: Mutagenic Activity of beta-Chloroalkyl Amines and Sulphides
A critical analysis of the directors’ protocol in new york’s not for profit and business corporations

Analyzes the directors’ protocols in both the New York Not for Profit Corporation Law and in the New York Business Corporation Law. Examines the similarities and differences existing in the directors’ roles in not for profit corporations and in business corporations. Highlights the legal responsibilities of a not for profit corporation director and warns that, despite such an assignment being voluntary and without compensation, it carries the potential for significant legal exposure if certain formalities are not kept.
High performance nuclear thermal propulsion system for near term exploration missions to 100 A.U. and beyond

Abstract A new compact ultra light nuclear reactor engine design termed MITEE (MIniature Reac Tor EnginE) is described. MITEE heats hydrogen propellant to 3000 K, achieving a specific impulse of 1000 seconds and a thrust-to-weight of 10. Total engine mass is 200 kg, including reactor, pump, auxiliaries and a 30% contingency. MITEE enables many types of new and unique missions to the outer solar system not possible with chemical engines. Examples include missions to 100 A.U. in less than 10 years, flybys of Pluto in 5 years, sample return from Pluto and the moons of the outer planets, unlimited ramjet flight in planetary atmospheres, etc. Much of the necessary technology for MITEE already exists as a result of previous nuclear rocket development programs. With some additional development, initial MITEE missions could begin in only 6 years.
Aligning Erp Systems with International Strategies

Abstract With the globalization of trade and economics, large multinational enterprises are turning to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to meet their international information management needs. However, misalignments between the firm's ERP system and its international strategy can often result in unsuccessful ERP implementations and sub-optimal business performance. Building on prior research, this article presents a systematic logic that can be used by business executives to address the alignment challenges. in particular, it provides details on three ERP systems issues that should be addressed: (1) systems configuration, (2) information architecture, and (3) systems rollout to reap the benefits of ERP system alignment.
From Vastation to Prozac Nation

Victims of major depressive illness often find that this disease shapes their sense of self in profound and lasting ways. Exactly how individuals experience and give meaning to their depression, ho...
The astrochemical evolution of turbulent giant molecular clouds: physical processes and method of solution for hydrodynamic, embedded starless clouds

Contemporary Galactic star formation occurs predominantly within gravitationally unstable, cold, dense molecular gas within supersonic, turbulent, magnetized giant molecular clouds (GMCs). Significantly, because the chemical evolution time-scale and the turbulent eddy-turnover time-scale are comparable at typical GMC conditions, molecules evolve via inherently non-equilibrium chemistry which is strongly coupled to the dynamical evolution of the cloud. Current numerical simulation techniques, which include at most three decades in length-scale, can just begin to bridge the divide between the global dynamical time of supersonic turbulent GMCs, and the thermal and chemical evolution within the thin post-shock cooling layers of their background turbulence. We address this GMC astrochemical scales problem using a solution methodology, which permits both complex three-dimensional turbulent dynamics as well as accurate treatment of non-equilibrium post-shock thermodynamics and chemistry. We present the current methodology in the context of the larger scope of physical processes important in understanding the chemical evolution of GMCs, including gas-phase chemistry, dust grains and surface chemistry, and turbulent heating. We present results of a new Lagrangian verification test for supersonic turbulence. We characterize the evolution of these species according to the dimensionless local post-shock Damkohler number, which quantifies the ratio of the dynamical time in the post-shock cooling flow to the chemical reaction time of a given species. Lastly, we discuss implications of this work to the selection of GMC molecular tracers, and the zeroing of chemical clocks of GMC cores.
Constructive Models of Discrete and Continuous Physical Phenomena

This paper studies the semantics of models for discrete physical phenomena, such as rigid body collisions and switching in electronic circuits. This paper combines generalized functions (specifically the Dirac delta function), superdense time, modal models, and constructive semantics to get a rich, flexible, efficient, and rigorous approach to modeling such systems. It shows that many physical scenarios that have been problematic for modeling techniques manifest as nonconstructive models, and that constructive versions of some of the models properly reflect uncertainty in the behavior of the physical systems that plausibly arise from the principles of the underlying physics. This paper argues that these modeling difficulties are not reasonably solved by more detailed continuous models of the underlying physical phenomena. Such more detailed models simply shift the uncertainty to other aspects of the model. Since such detailed models come with a high computational cost, there is little justification in using them unless the goal of modeling is specifically to understand these more detailed physical processes. All models in this paper are implemented in the Ptolemy II modeling and simulation environment and made available online.
Brain Stimulation for Pain Control

Electrical stimulation of specific anatomical sites in the human brain has been used to obtain relief or suppression of pain since 1960, when Heath and Mickle reported suppression of pain in patients by stimulation of the septal area. 1 Others subsequently used therapeutic stimulation of subcortical areas, such as the median forebrain bundle2 and the caudate nucleus,3 but, for more than a decade, little attention was paid to these sporadic clinical efforts.
Design and fabrication of a micromirror array for autostereoscopic 3D displays

We designed and fabricated the first, to the best of our knowledge, micromirror array for autostereoscopic 3D display systems. We conducted the optical and Micro-Electrical- Mechanical-System (MEMS) design concurrently, and fabricated several 20x20 micromirror arrays, with micromirror size of 460x460 microns. Both electrostatic and magnetic actuation methods were used to achieve deflection angles of +/- 0.8 degrees. We used these micromirror arrays with backlit transparencies to build a 2-view (left and right) autostereoscopic 3-D display system.
ECOLOGICAL COSTS AND BENEFITS OF DEFENSES IN NECTAR

The nectar of many plant species contains defensive compounds that have been hypothesized to benefit plants through a variety of mechanisms. However, the rela- tionship between nectar defenses and plant fitness has not been established for any species. We experimentally manipulated gelsemine, the principal alkaloid of Carolina jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens ), in nectar to determine its effect on pollinator visitation, nectar robber visitation, and male and female plant reproduction. We found that nectar robbers and most pollinators probed fewer flowers and spent less time per flower on plants with high compared to low nectar alkaloids. High alkaloids decreased the donation of fluorescent dye, an analogue of pollen used to estimate male plant reproduction, to neighboring plants by one-third to one-half. However, nectar alkaloids did not affect female plant reproduction, measured as pollen receipt, fruit set, seed set, and seed mass. The weak effects of nectar alkaloids on female reproduction could represent a balance between the altered behavior of nectar robbers and pollinators, or it could be that neither of these interactions affected plant reproduction. Taken together, these results suggest that secondary compounds in nectar may have more costs than benefits for plants.
VIOLENT SPLITS OR HEALTHY DIVIDES? COPING WITH INJUSTICE THROUGH FAULTLINES

In 2 studies, we investigated how groups with strong divisions may, paradoxically, help members to cope with injustice. We tested our theoretical predictions using a survey methodology and data from 57 (Study 1) and 36 (Study 2) workgroups across different industries. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that group faultlines weakened the positive relationship between perceived interpersonal injustice and psychological distress. Cooperative behaviors within subgroups mediated the interactive effect of faultlines and injustice with psychological distress. Rude, disrespectful, or otherwise unfair treatment from the boss is an all too familiar source of grief and stress for many employees. Consider the case told to one of the authors by a former supervisor of a group home for mentally challenged adults: “If administrators found that anything went wrong they immediately assumed it was incompetence on the part of our staff. We had a meeting amongst all the group home managers and the administration where they told us the staff was ‘simply idiots who could not follow the directions that a monkey could get down’. They threatened to fire us after two mistakes of any kind. Obviously the stress level was through the roof. Some of us newer, younger male managers who met after work decided to support each other where everyone was checking everyone else’s work to keep our sanity.” This example shows that sometimes it takes more than one person to deal with
Feeding infants with undiluted goat's milk can mimic tyrosinaemia type 1.

UNLABELLED Undiluted goats milk should not be given to infants. High protein infant feeds are a forgotten cause of metabolic acidosis. CONCLUSION The metabolic abnormalities associated with goat's milk ingestion can cause a clinical picture very similar to tyrosinaemia type 1.
An exploratory investigation of Black Friday consumption rituals

Purpose – The purpose of the present study is to explore the collective consumption rituals associated with Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving, and one of the largest shopping days in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – The research design for this study followed the approach of psychological phenomenological interviewing. Over a two‐year period, the authors, along with trained research assistants, conducted interviews with experienced female Black Friday shoppers.Findings – Qualitative data from 38 interviews indicated that Black Friday shopping activities constitute a collective consumption ritual that is practiced and shared by multiple generations of female family members and close friends. Four themes emerged from the data: familial bonding, strategic planning, the great race, and mission accomplished. The themes coalesced around a military metaphor.Practical implications – The findings of this study indicate that Black Friday shoppers plan for the ritual by examining advertisements and strat...
Congenital bronchobiliary fistula: MRI appearance

Congenital bronchobiliary fistula (CBBF) is a rare anomaly. Twenty-three cases have been reported since the anomaly was first described in 1952. Most of these cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopy, cholangiography, or hepatobiliary nuclear imaging. Our case of a newborn with bilious emesis with CBBF was depicted by T1-weighted gradient-echo MRI sequences.
Effects of diet and metamorphosis upon the sterol composition of the butterfly Morpho peleides

Whole body sterol metabolism in insects has seldom been studied. We were able to design an appropriate study at a butterfly farm in Belize. We collected six larvas of butterfly (Morpho peleides), their food (leaves of Pterocarpus bayessii), and their excretions. In addition, six adult butterflies were collected. The sterols of the diet, the larva, and adult butterfly were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The structures of these sterols were identified by digitonin precipitation, GC-MS, and NMR. Four sterols (cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol) and a sterol mixture were found in the food, the body, and the excreta of the larva. The tissue sterol content of the larva was 326 μg. They consumed 276 μg of sterols per day. Their excretion was 185 μg per day as sterols. The total tissue sterol contents of the larva and butterfly were similar, but they had different sterol compositions, which indicated interconversion of sterols during development. There was a progressive increase in the cholesterol content from larva to butterfly and a decrease in the content of sitosterol and other plant sterols, which were likely converted to cholesterol. Our data indicated an active sterol metabolism in butterfly larva. Diet played an important role in determining its sterol composition. During metamorphosis, there was an interconversion of sterols. This is the first paper documenting the fecal sterol excretion in insects as related to dietary intakes.
Autophagy and ethanol-induced liver injury

The majority of ethanol metabolism occurs in the liver. Consequently, this organ sustains the greatest damage from ethanol abuse. Ethanol consumption disturbs the delicate balance of protein homeostasis in the liver, causing intracellular protein accumulation due to a disruption of hepatic protein catabolism. Evidence indicates that ethanol or its metabolism impairs trafficking events in the liver, including the process of macroautophagy, which is the engulfment and degradation of cytoplasmic constituents by the lysosomal system. Autophagy is an essential, ongoing cellular process that is highly regulated by nutrients, endocrine factors and signaling pathways. A great number of the genes and gene products that govern the autophagic response have been characterized and the major metabolic and signaling pathways that activate or suppress autophagy have been identified. This review describes the process of autophagy, its regulation and the possible mechanisms by which ethanol disrupts the process of autophagic degradation. The implications of autophagic suppression are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury.
The Impact of Project Impact on the Wilmington, North Carolina, Labor Market

In 1997, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) announced a new initiative called Project Impact. The initiative was designed to make communities more resistant and resilient to the disruption and disaster associated with natural hazards. One of the pilot communities was Wilmington/New Hanover County, North Carolina, an area susceptible to hurricanes and tropical storms. This article examines the impact of Project Impact on this community’s labor market, allowing for the disturbances caused by the storms themselves. The findings suggest that the activities and coordination efforts associated with Project Impact coincide with improvements in the Wilmington labor market characterized by a lower natural unemployment rate and a reduction of labor market risk. These findings may be taken as evidence that Project Impact can improve the performance of a local economy. The results suggest that at the very least, increased interaction between public and private sectors may be associated with improved labor...
Imitating Franklin: Booker T. Washington's Gospel of Wealth

This paper explores the uneasy relationship between economic self-help and civic virtue in American political thought by examining how they are treated in Benjamin Franklin's "Autobiography" and Booker T. Washington's "Up From Slavery." Both authors seek make room for material self-interest in republican government by tying it to the pursuit of the common good. In so doing, they articulate a view of the public good that is compatible with the goals of economic development. Washington's example is especially informative as it conceives of public goods both within and across racial lines, and expresses a continuity between the republican experience of the colonial era and the economic individualism of the late nineteenth-century. Yet, by modeling this relationship between self-interest and the public good in their their own lives, Franklin and Washington present a tension between the sense of self which leadership requires, and the humility necessary for citizens to put privilege the common good over their own interests. Through the autobiographical form, Franklin and Washington attempt to foster this sense of humility by presenting a republican case for the value of 'exemplars' and the willingness to listen to and learn from others. The tensions found in Franklin's and Washington's thought shed light on the challenges of democratic leadership, and on the ways in which values of self-help, self-government, and humility continue to shape American political discourse.
Cell surface self-assembly of hybrid nanoconjugates via oligonucleotide hybridization induces apoptosis.

Hybrid nanomaterials composed of synthetic and biological building blocks possess high potential for the design of nanomedicines. The use of self-assembling nanomaterials as “bio-mimics” may trigger cellular events and result in new therapeutic effects. Motivated by this rationale, we designed a therapeutic platform that mimics the mechanism of immune effector cells to cross-link surface receptors of target cells and induce apoptosis. This platform was tested against B-cell lymphomas that highly express the surface antigen CD20. Here, two nanoconjugates were synthesized: (1) an anti-CD20 Fab′ fragment covalently linked to a single-stranded morpholino oligonucleotide (MORF1), and (2) a linear polymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) grafted with multiple copies of the complementary oligonucleotide MORF2. We show that the two conjugates self-assemble via MORF1-MORF2 hybridization at the surface of CD20+ malignant B-cells, which cross-links CD20 antigens and initiates apoptosis. When tested in a m...
Systemic Insecticide Seed Treatment Tests on Soybeans

Several insecticides were screened for possible use as seed treatments to control certain insects on soybeans. Furadan® (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) and American Cyanamid CL-47031 (cyclic ethylene (diethoxyphosphinyl) dithioimidocarbonate) at the rate of 8 oz technical per 100 pounds of seed were effective in controlling yellow-striped armyworm, Prodenia orinthogalli Guenee, on week-old scedlings. Fura-dan at rates of 2, 4, 6, and 8 oz technical per 100 pounds of seed was effective in controlling newly hatched fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), on 2- and 3-week-old seedlings. CL-47031 was only partially effective at the same rates. Furadan at rates of 4 and 8 oz technical per 100 pounds of seed was 90% effective in controlling adult southern corn rootworms, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howard Barber, on 11-day-old seedlings 2 days after they were infested. Less than 50% control was obtained on 22-day-old seedlings 2 days after being infested. CL-47031 at the same rates gave 60–70% control on 11-day-old seedlings 2 days after infestation, and no control on 22-day-old plants. Faraday and CL-47031 as seed treatments reduced nodule formation by inoculate added to the seed, but did not interfere with nodule formation by inoculate already present in the soil. Seedling emergence and growth from seed treated with Faraday or CL-47031 were similar to checks.
Veteran Family Reintegration: Strategic Insights to Inform Stakeholders’ Efforts

In 2015, the Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Policy and Planning convened the first of its kind forum to inform stakeholders about national policy needs to advance the outcomes for veterans and their families as they reintegrate back to civilian life after military service. This article reports of the proceedings of the forum, which brought together more than 30 participants from across the federal government, private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and academic institutions. During the forum, participants discussed the need for a conceptual framework and standard lexicon to support veteran family reintegration policy and strategy. Forum participants highlighted the importance of a collaborative relationship between researchers and policy makers, and identified research gaps and emerging topics that will help inform national reintegration outcomes.
Simplified Model and Characteristic Analysis of Load-Pressure Object in Heat Supply Units

Based on simplified nonlinear dynamic model of load-pressure object for pure condensation unit,in combination of analysis on thermodynamic system in heat-supply part of extraction steam turbine,according to the basic law of conservation of energy and mass,a differential equation model of load-throttle pressure-extraction steam flow versus boiler fuel flow-turbine governor valve's opening-extraction control valve's opening was constructed for heat supply units.Simulation results show that there is no significant difference between heat supply units and pure condensation units in the control characteristics of load-throttle pressure object.For heat supply units,it is recommended to take more flexible control modes to promote the load up/down rate.
A tuberculosis cluster case analysis in school

Objective The influence factors of a tuberculosis cluster case in school were analyzed,to provide scientific basis for effective formulating prevention and control measures. Methods By investigation of diagnosis and treatment for clues,PPD test was carried out on the close contacts,the students with positive PPD,did not make PPD have to chest X- ray. Results To conduct tuberculosis symptom screening for 1521 teachers and students,totally 1491 students and teachers have received a PPD skin test,149 strong positive reaction,25 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were found. The result of patient survey clues show that largest number of cases is 10 people in a class,accounting for 40% of the number of onset; the clues show that the largest number is 3 in a dormitory,accounting for 12% of the disease. Conclusions School health education of tuberculosis prevention knowledge should be strengthened,and students' awareness of TB knowledge be raised. To carry out the morning check and vacation system,timely detection,isolation,standardized treatment of tuberculosis are effective means to decrease the aggregation epidemic of tuberculosis.
DNA Damage and Carcinogenesis

A number of independent lines of evidence, other than cell biology ones, support the somatic mutation theory of cancer. They indicate that damage to DNA can lead to cancer and hence one should be concerned about environmental agents that react with DNA. Nevertheless, there are arguments against this point of view (1) and, even if damage to DNA is the important element in cancer initiation, one should always keep in mind the possibilities that the switch from normal to cancer cells may arise from faulty transcription and hence translation (as seems to be the case in the death of UV-irradiated arrested human fibroblasts). Moreover, promotion steps subsequent to initiation may be of overriding importance at the initiation doses received at low exposure-rate levels.
The Contemporary Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Lung Cancer

This article reviews the current role of radiotherapy in the management of non-small-cell lung cancer. This modality is used extensively in lung cancer patients. In a variety of different contexts, the specific indications, results, controversies, and emerging areas are highlighted, with an emphasis on the author's personal techniques and a review of the pertinent literature.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of α-Difluoro-β-amino Acids by a Reformatsky Reaction

Fluorine substitution is a highly effective approach for altering the chemical properties of compounds that affect the biological activity and pharmacological distribution of numerous drugs, including anti-depressants, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-psycho-tics, steroids, antivirals and anesthetics [1]. Given the importance of small molecule combinatorial libraries in the process of drug design, we decided to explore the synthesis of fluorinated compounds using solid-phase chemistry. The Reformatsky reaction with ethyl bromodifluoroacetate is commonly used for the incorporation of the-CF2CO- group [2], Katrizky et al. [3] successfully developed the Reformatsky reaction of bromofluoroacetates with N-(α-aminoalkyl)benzotriazole in solution, and showed its utility in the synthesis of difluoro-β-amino esters. Herein, we describe the solid-phase Reformatsky reaction of ethyl bromodifluoroacetate and a polymer-supported imine for the parallel synthesis of α-difluoro-β-amino acids.
Québec’s Cultural Narrative and French Textbooks

This chapter lays the groundwork for the study of Canadian and Quebec cultural content in beginning-level French textbooks used in the USA from 1960 to 2010. It explains why Quebec’s language politics is seen as interesting content for language textbooks and describes Quebec’s national cultural narrative, including events such as the French settlement of Canada, the Quiet Revolution, the Charter of the French Language, and the sovereignty referenda of 1980 and 1995. The methodology for investigating Quebec’s cultural narrative in French textbooks is explained with descriptions of the population of interest and sampling plan, the types of content to be investigated, as well as the procedures for analysis. Results summarize the quantity of images and textual presentation of Canada and Quebec in the textbooks for each of the decades finding increases in Canadian and Quebec content in beginning-level textbooks in the USA over the fifty-year period.
Voxel-based whole-lesion enhancement parameters: a study of its clinical value in differentiating clear cell renal cell carcinoma from renal oncocytoma

The purpose of this study was to compare whole-lesion (WL) enhancement parameters to single region of interest (ROI)-based enhancement in discriminating clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from renal oncocytoma. In this IRB-approved retrospective study, the surgical database was queried to derive a cohort of 94 postnephrectomy patients with ccRCC or oncocytoma (68 ccRCC, 26 oncocytoma), who underwent preoperative multiphase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) between June 2009 and August 2013. CT acquisitions were transferred to a three-dimensional workstation, and WL ROIs were manually segmented. WL enhancement and histogram distribution parameters skewness, kurtosis, standard deviation (SD), and interquartile range (IQR) were calculated. WL enhancement parameters were compared to single ROI-based enhancement using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Oncocytoma had significantly higher WL enhancement than ccRCC in nephrographic (mean, p = 0.02; median, p = 0.03) and excretory phases (mean, p = 0.03; median p < 0.01). ccRCC had significantly higher kurtosis than oncocytoma in corticomedullary (p = 0.03) and excretory phases (p < 0.01), and significantly higher SD and IQR than oncocytoma in all postcontrast phases: corticomedullary (SD, p = 0.02; IQR, p < 0.01), nephrographic (SD, p = 0.01; IQR, p = 0.03), and excretory (SD, p < 0.01; IQR, p < 0.01). When compared to single ROI-based enhancement, WL enhancement alone did not demonstrate a statistical advantage in discriminating between ccRCC and oncocytoma (area under ROC curve of 0.78 and 0.72 respectively), but when combined with histogram distribution parameters (area under ROC curve of 0.86), it did demonstrate a slight improvement. Our study suggests that voxel-based WL enhancement parameters provide only a slight improvement over single ROI-based enhancement techniques in differentiating between ccRCC and renal oncocytoma.
Preparedness in Long-Term Care: A Novel Approach to Address Gaps in Evacuation Tracking

With an aging population, the number of elderly individuals residing in long-term care (LTC) facilities will continue to grow and pose unique challenges to disaster preparedness and response. With this rapidly growing vulnerable population, it becomes imperative to identify enhanced and novel preparedness strategies and measures. LTC residents not only have complicated medical needs, including the timing of dispensing multiple medications, but frequently have cognitive and mobility deficits as well. In nearly every major disaster, elderly populations have suffered disproportionate morbidity and mortality. This is often due to elderly evacuees getting overlooked in the chaos of an initial response. Instituting measures to rapidly recognize this population in a crowd during an evacuation will reduce their risk. This commentary reviews the LTC facility evacuation challenges of the 2013 explosion of the West Fertilizer Company plant in West, Texas, and offers a novel solution of mandating the wearing of pink vests by all nursing home residents in case of an evacuation. The pink vests quickly alert disaster rescue and response workers of LTC residents with special needs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:28-30).
Whose race problem? Tracking patterns of racial denial in US and European educational discourses on Muslim youth

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the authors focus on everyday narrations of the nation as they are taken up by educators in schools in the United States, Denmark and Spain. As the primary institutions within which children from im/migrant communities are incorporated into the nation-state, schools are the key sites within which young people learn the languages and practices of national belonging and citizenship. Comparing ethnographic case studies in the United States, Denmark and Spain, the authors trace the nationalist storylines that serve to frame Muslim youth as particular kinds of racialized and “impossible subjects”. Across national contexts, the authors document similar, often almost verbatim, stories that educators narrated about the disjuncture between liberal ideals of the nation, and what they imagined to be true of Muslim im/migrant youth. They theorize that, despite differences in US and European approaches to immigration, there are consonances in the ways that Muslims are positioned as racialized O...