cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localization of gephyrin and glycine receptor subunit immunoreactivity in the rabbit retina

Being utilized by over 40% of the amacrine cells, glycine is considered to be a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the retinas of all vertebrate species examined. Localization of gephyrin, which is a 93-kD peripheral membrane glycine receptor-associated anchoring protein, has been used in several studies to identify the sites of glycinergic interactions in the retina and other regions of the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that gephyrin colocalizes with GABA(A) receptors which, like those for glycine, are also inhibitory amino acid receptors usually associated with a chloride channel. In the present study, we have used two antibodies which recognize either gephyrin (mAb7a), or the alpha and beta subunits of the glycine receptor (mAb4a) in order to determine to what extent gephyrin is associated with glycine receptors in the mammalian retina. Single-label studies showed extensive punctate staining throughout most of the inner plexiform layer with each antibody. Double labeling showed that nearly 90% of the glycine receptor sites were also immunoreactive for gephyrin. However, nearly 60% of the total punctae immunoreactive for gephyrin were not stained for glycine receptors. This distinction was most pronounced in the most proximal inner plexiform layer where only 24% of the gephyrin-immunoreactive sites were glycine receptor positive. This study suggests that although most glycine receptors in the rabbit retina colocalize with the anchoring protein gephyrin, a significant proportion of the gephyrin-labeled sites are not associated with glycine receptors. In light of studies showing gephyrin association with GABA(A) receptor subunits, the localization of gephyrin may be indicative of chloride-mediated inhibitory amino acid transmission in general and not solely that of glycinergic. Given several studies which show that bipolar cells express glycine receptors and respond to glycine but do not express gephyrin, the 10% of glycine receptors not colocalized with gephyrin shown in the present study may represent a subtype of glycine receptors found on bipolar cells which do not require gephyrin for the functional clustering of receptor subunits.
Guidelines for Using Body Composition Measurement in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Wasting remains a significant condition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection despite antiretroviral treatment. Early identification requires the measurement of various body composition parameters, particularly body cell mass (BCM). Anthropometry may provide some useful information. Cost and complexity issues make many body composition techniques unsuitable for the clinical setting. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) may be the best method available to caregivers for monitoring serial changes in BCM over time and for determining the occurrence of wasting. It is not useful, however, for detecting body composition changes in patients with fat redistribution syndromes. Portability, low cost, ease of use, and patient acceptance make anthropometry and BIA ideally suited for the clinical setting.
Social Capital and Lobbying for Development Projects

Previous research has demonstrated that the link between social capital and government performance is about the policy responsiveness of government. I argue that social capital helps communities overcome collective action problems related to lobbying such that they can better express their desires for certain public goods and services to the government. Using data from a development project in Indonesia, I show that, in general, communities with more social capital are more likely to be selected as project participants across all levels of deservingness. Among the set of deserving communities, in particular, greater social capital corresponds to an increase in the probability of successful lobbying for access to new development resources.
Single-Molecule FRET: Technique and Applications to the Studies of Molecular Machines

Properties of Molecular Machines Molecular machines are molecule-based devices, typically on the nanometer scale, that are capable of generating physical motions, for example, translocation, in response to certain inputs from the outside such as a chemical, electrical, or light stimulus. A large number of such sophisticated small devices are found in Nature, including the many biological motors discussed in this chapter, such as helicases and polymerases. These tiny nanomachines work in many ways just like an automobile on the highway, and many consume fuels on a molecular level, for instance, through the hydrolysis of adenosine-5ʹ-triphosphate (ATP) molecules, to power their motions on their tracks. As a result, when lacking the required fuel, these nanomachines tend to slow down and even stop, same as a motor vehicle would. In addition, these biological motors often move in a directional manner with variable speeds, and their processivity characteristics can be described by how far they move on their track of a molecular highway, often formed by a biopolymer such as a nucleic acid or actin filament, before taking off at a later time. Motions of individual components within these protein machines, for example, the ribosome which is discussed in great detail throughout this book, are often nicely coordinated like in any sophisticated, larger-scaled mechanical machines. In recent years, details of the composition, stoichiometry, and three-dimensional arrangement of components within many nanomachines have become available, thanks to the ever-increasing number of high-resolution crystal structures that have been solved, which have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of how these biological motors accomplish their tasks. In the past two decades, researchers have also brought these machines under scrutiny by a number of novel and powerful methods with ultra-high sensitivity, watching their motions one molecule at a time, and have learned a great deal of previously hidden mechanistic details about their action and dynamics, such as the size of the fundamental steps taken by these motorized nanodevices. In a simplified view of the mechanism of action of biological motors, their strokes of physical translocation are powered by processes such as ATP hydrolysis through a modulation of their conformation, thus converting the chemical energy stored in the molecular fuel, in a stepwise fashion, into directed motions.
Ernest Amory Codman. The End Result of a Life in Medicine

Ernest Amory Codman. The End Result of a Life in Medicine. William J. Mallon. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1999. $65.00, 195 pp. This book is a must for shoulder surgeons and an important contribution for all orthopaedists who have an interest in the care and treatment of shoulder problems. Bill Mallon, an orthopaedist and trained practicing shoulder surgeon, presents the life of E. A. Codman in great detail. Dr. Codman is obviously one of Mallon's heroes; he meticulously …
Indocyanine Green-Loaded Photoacoustic Nanodroplets – Dual Contrast Nanoconstructs for Enhanced Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging

Recently, perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets were introduced as contrast agents for imaging and image-guided therapy. For example, in sonography, high-intensity ultrasound pulses were used to phase-transition liquid perfluorocarbon to produce gas microbubbles. More recently, perfluorocarbon nanodroplets with encapsulated gold nanorods were used as dual ultrasound/photoacoustic contrast agents. To expedite clinical translation, we synthesized and characterized ICG-loaded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets, i.e., constructs comprising biocompatible, nontoxic and biologically safe materials. We then demonstrated enhanced photoacoustic contrast through optically triggered phase transition of PFC nanodroplets and ultrasound contrast from the resulting PFC bubbles. We assessed the quality enhancement of photoacoustic and ultrasound images through analysis of contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio. We further investigated the changes in image contrast due to increased ambient temperature. Our studies suggest that ICG-lo...
General theory for accommodating primaries and multiples in internal multiple algorithm: Analysis and numerical tests

The inverse scattering series (ISS) predicts internal multiples directly and without subsurface information. This is achieved through a task-specific subseries within the overall ISS. The ISS leading-order attenuator of first-order internal multiple is the leading-order term in the subseries that contributes to the removal of first-order internal multiples. It has shown stand-alone capabilities for internal multiple prediction/attenuation for both marine and on-shore plays. The basic idea behind the leading-order attenuator is that all the events in the data are treated as subevents and combined nonlinearly (three data sets are involved), and among all the combinations first-order internal multiples can be predicted by the combination that has all subevents correspond to primaries. However, the entire data set, consisting of primaries and internal multiples, enters the algorithm. When internal multiples in the data themselves act as subevents, the leading-order attenuator produces not only first-order internal multiples, but also higher-order internal multiples and, at times, spurious events. The latter have been observed in the tests of Fu et al. (2010) and Luo et al. (2011). Weglein et al. (2011) have noted this and suggest that the resolution of the problem would reside in other terms of the ISS. Ma et al. (2012) describes the initial occurrence of the circumstance under which spurious event arises, and explains how to address that issue. This abstract extends the analysis in Ma et al. (2012) to more complex circumstances, and provide a description of the general arrival of spurious events. In this abstract we show how the ISS anticipates the issue due to spurious events and provides the response.
LEADING EDGE VORTEX AND SHEAR LAYER INSTABILITIES

The stability of a leading edge vortex was studied using available flow visualization and velocity data. The development of a vortex can be envisioned to compose of three possible stages. During the initial stage, the shear layer and its associated vorticity immediately downstream from the apex coalesce to form a primary vortex core. During this stage the vortex flow resembles a forced vortex. When the primary core is sufficiently developed, the secondary vortex becomes a prominent perturbation along the leading edge. The induced cross flow instability leads to the formation of stable, co-rotating, streamwise vortex filaments in the separated shear layer. A second stage of development occurs where the straining field of the main vortex amplifies the secondary instability near the saddle point in-between a co-rotating shear layer vortex pair. This leads eventually to the formation of a secondary vortex core consisting of a series of vortices with an opposite sense of rotation to the primary core. A vortex system as such violates the circulation distribution criterion for helical flow stability, and the vortex becomes centrifugally unstable. If the growth rate of the instability is sufficiently fast compared with the convection rate, a third stage of development occurs over the wing. The expected result is an expansion of the vortex cross-section or vortex breakdown, with the circulation eventually re-establishing a stable distribution.
The role of awareness in L2 development: Theory, research, and pedagogy

Cognitive psychology and cognitive science appear to agree that attention to stimuli is needed for long-term memory storage and that little, if any, learning can take place without attention. One strand of psycholinguistic research that has drawn quite a lot of interest, both from a theoretical and empirical perspective, is the role awareness plays in second language acquisition (SLA). To promote a further understanding of the role of awareness may potentially contribute to L2 development. This article will (1) briefly describe current theoretical approaches to the role of awareness in language learning, (2) review recent studies that have employed verbal reports to investigate the effects of awareness on L2 development, and (3) provide, based on the review, some awareness-raising pedagogical tasks for the L2 classroom setting. Keywords: attention, awareness, detection, feedback, L2 development, noticing, task-essentialness
Survey of expanded program on immunization knowledge of children guardian in Yongchuan District

Objective To explore the expanded program on immunication knowledge of the children' guardians.Methods Totally 205 guardians of chidren aged 0~6 years were randomly selected from theach of the 5 townships in this district and the expanded progrqm on immunization of the guardians were surveyed.Results The expanded program on immunization knowledge rates of the guardians were relatively high(80.2%~ 98.5%).While 96.9%of guardians believed they would take the children to vaccinate.The awareness rate of immunization program is high(80.2 ~ 98.5%).But their knowledge toward vaccination procedures were not high((21.0%~ 83.7%));The main channels for the guardians to obtain information was from medical staffs(46.0%).Significant differences were noticed among the guardians in educational level,occupation,household income(P0.05).No significant difference was notied in gender and age among the guardians.Conclusion The level of expanded program on immunization knowledge of the guardians is high,but their vaccination knowledge is insufficient.Thus propaganda on immunization program be strengthened to raise the demand of the population to vaccination services.
Periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells with protein-releasing scaffolds for cementum formation and integration on dentin surface.

Purpose/Aim: Cementogenesis is a critical step in periodontal tissue regeneration given the essential role of cementum in anchoring teeth to the alveolar bone. This study is designed to achieve integrated cementum formation on the root surfaces of human teeth using growth factor-releasing scaffolds with periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells (PDLSCs). Materials and methods Human PDLSCs were sorted by CD146 expression, and characterized using CFU-F assay and induced multi-lineage differentiation. Polycaprolactone scaffolds were fabricated using 3D printing, embedded with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acids) (PLGA) microspheres encapsulating connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), or bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7). After removing cementum on human tooth roots, PDLSC-seeded scaffolds were placed on the exposed dentin surface. After 6-week culture with cementogenic/osteogenic medium, cementum formation and integration were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR. Results Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells sorted by CD146 and single-cell clones show a superior clonogenecity and multipotency as compared with heterogeneous populations. After 6 weeks, all the growth factor-delivered groups showed resurfacing of dentin with a newly formed cementum-like layer as compared with control. BMP-2 and BMP-7 showed de novo formation of tissue layers significantly thicker than all the other groups, whereas CTGF and BMP-7 resulted in significantly improved integration on the dentin surface. The de novo mineralized tissue layer seen in BMP-7-treated samples expressed cementum matrix protein 1 (CEMP1). Consistently, BMP-7 showed a significant increase in CEMP1 mRNA expression. Conclusion Our findings represent important progress in stem cell-based cementum regeneration as an essential part of periodontium regeneration.
Association of Antibodies to Interferon-Inducible Protein-16 With Markers of More Severe Disease in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome

OBJECTIVE Interferon-inducible protein-16 (IFI16) is an intracellular DNA receptor involved in innate immunity. We evaluated the frequency, phenotypic characteristics, and clinical associations of anti-IFI16 antibodies in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS), and quantitated expression levels of IFI16 in SS and control salivary gland lysates. METHODS Anti-IFI16 antibodies were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sera from patients with primary SS (n = 133) and from healthy controls (n = 47). Sera from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (n = 132) were included as disease controls. Immunoprecipitation of in vitro transcription-translated IFI16 was used to determine which portion of IFI16 the antibodies recognized. Expression of IFI16 in salivary gland lysates was quantitated by immunoblotting. RESULTS Anti-IFI16 antibodies were present in the sera of 38 of 133 SS patients (29%) compared to 1 of 47 healthy controls (2.1%) (SS versus controls; P < 0.0002) and in 31 of 132 SLE controls (24%). In SS, anti-IFI16 antibodies were associated with an abnormal Schirmer's test (P = 0.003), hyperglobulinemia (P = 0.02), antinuclear antibody ≥1:320 (P = 0.01), germinal center-like structures in labial salivary gland lymphoid infiltrates (P = 0.01), and higher focus scores (3.4 versus 2.4; P = 0.005). High-titer IFI16 antibodies were directed against an epitope outside the N-terminus in 9 of 13 SS patients (69%). IFI16 was expressed in 4 of 5 (80%) of SS and 1 of 6 (17%) of control labial salivary glands. CONCLUSION Anti-IFI16 antibodies are a prominent specificity in primary SS and are associated with markers of severe disease. IFI16 is expressed at higher levels in SS salivary glands compared to controls. These high levels in disease target tissue may contribute to the ongoing anti-IFI16 immune response.
Temperature-Dependent Far Infrared Magneto-Transmission in HgTe

Intraband magneto-absorption has been studied in HgTe at wavelengths between 513. and 47. µm and at temperatures between 4.3 and 40.K. Only by raising the sample temperature above 4.3K could cyclotron and combined resonances be distinguished from interband and impurity level transitions. The energy vs magnetic field dependencies and selection rules for these lines have been experimentally studied and compared to previous results, both experimental and calculated.
Albumin as an Adjunct to Diuretics for the Treatment of Edema

Publisher Summary Albumin infusions have been used in conjunction with diuretics to increase natriuresis and diuresis for years. This combination has been usually employed in diseases associated with hypoproteinemia, such as nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, and occasionally, malnutrition. In these conditions, diuretic resistance is often encountered. Albumin is most frequently combined with loop diuretics, as they are the most potent diuretics in one's armamentarium and because both agents can be administered intravenously, thus assuring optimal timing for the potential synergistic effect. The indications for the use of albumin with loop diuretics are the subject of controversy. Some authorities recommend temporary trials of hyperoncotic albumin for resistant edema, while other authoritative sources feel that the use of this combination should be discouraged. Evaluation of the role of diuretic–albumin combinations in the treatment of resistant edema is hampered by a lack of large, carefully conducted clinical trials. It should be recognized that unless the conditions inducing sodium retention are rectified, the effects of albumin and diuretic therapy will be very transient.
Assessing the Relationship Between Mental Health Symptoms and Alcohol Consequences in College Drinkers

ABSTRACTCollege drinking is a public health dilemma affecting the nation’s institutions of higher education. This article assesses the relationship between mental health symptoms and alcohol consequences experienced by college drinkers. It is a secondary data analysis of the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA II) Spring 2011 Executive Summary Data Set. The ACHA-NCHA II is a nationally recognized survey that supports colleges and universities in the data collection of their students’ mental, physical, and sexual health habits, behaviors, and perceptions of the campus wellness. A linear regression analysis test was used to test the relationship between the number of mental health symptoms and alcohol consequences. This article assesses whether male college students have more mental health symptoms when they experience alcohol consequences when compared to female college students. This study found female college students experience more mental health problem sym...
Harnessing Nature's Diversity: Discovering organophosphate bioscavenger characteristics among low molecular weight proteins.

Organophosphate poisoning can occur from exposure to agricultural pesticides or chemical weapons. This exposure inhibits acetylcholinesterase resulting in increased acetylcholine levels within the synaptic cleft causing loss of muscle control, seizures, and death. Mitigating the effects of organophosphates in our bodies is critical and yet an unsolved challenge. Here, we present a computational strategy that integrates structure mining and modeling approaches, using which we identify novel candidates capable of interacting with a serine hydrolase probe (with equilibrium binding constants ranging from 4 to 120 μM). One candidate Smu. 1393c catalyzes the hydrolysis of the organophosphate omethoate (kcat/Km of (2.0 ± 1.3) × 10−1 M−1s−1) and paraoxon (kcat/Km of (4.6 ± 0.8) × 103 M−1s−1), V- and G-agent analogs respectively. In addition, Smu. 1393c protects acetylcholinesterase activity from being inhibited by two organophosphate simulants. We demonstrate that the utilized approach is an efficient and highly-extendable framework for the development of prophylactic therapeutics against organophosphate poisoning and other important targets. Our findings further suggest currently unknown molecular evolutionary rules governing natural diversity of the protein universe, which make it capable of recognizing previously unseen ligands.
Evaluation and Impact of a Required Computational Thinking Course for Architecture Students

Non-major education continues to be a growing area of study in computer science education research. This paper focuses on architects as an audience and the teaching of computer science by architects, who successfully applied computer science education research. The author describes the structure and development of a required computational thinking course with an average yearly enrollment of 69 students and how it applied best practices from Media Computation to improve student outcomes and engagement. A four-year impact study found that a flipped classroom model combined with peer learning methods was superior to traditional lectures and labs for improving student performance and reducing attrition. Comparisons of pre- and post-class surveys revealed an improved perception of computing and an increased interest in the subject -- a positive outcome for a required introductory course. The author also studied the course's long-term effects. Three years after taking the course, a majority of students felt they retained what they learned and that learning computational thinking helped them to learn new software and perform better in advanced computing courses. By taking into account how architects learn and revising in response to assessments, we believe our course structure and teaching methodology demonstrates an effective case for applying computer science education research within an architectural curriculum.
Multiferroic Core-Shell Nanofibers, Assembly in a Magnetic Field, and Studies on Magneto-Electric Interactions

Ferromagnetic–ferroelectric nanocomposites are of interest for realizing strong strain-mediated coupling between electric and magnetic subsystems due to a high surface area-to-volume ratio. This report is on the synthesis of nickel ferrite (NFO)–barium titanate (BTO) core–shell nanofibers, magnetic field assisted assembly into superstructures, and studies on magneto-electric (ME) interactions. Electrospinning techniques were used to prepare coaxial fibers of 0.5–1.5 micron in diameter. The core–shell structure of annealed fibers was confirmed by electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. The fibers were assembled into discs and films in a uniform magnetic field or in a field gradient. Studies on ME coupling in the assembled films and discs were done by magnetic field (H)-induced polarization, magneto–dielectric effects at low frequencies and at 16–24 GHz, and low-frequency ME voltage coefficients (MEVC). We measured ~2–7% change in remnant polarization and in the permittivity for H = 7 kOe, and a MEVC of 0.4 mV/cm Oe at 30 Hz. A model has been developed for low-frequency ME effects in an assembly of fibers and takes into account dipole–dipole interactions between the fibers and fiber discontinuity. Theoretical estimates for the low-frequency MEVC have been compared with the data. These results indicate strong ME coupling in superstructures of the core–shell fibers.
Tdap Vaccination and Acute Demyelinating Events (P2.373)

Objective: To report an association between Tdap vaccination and acute demyelinating events in two patients. Background: There has been concern that vaccinations might trigger acute demyelinating events. A recent case-centered analysis 1 reported an association between acute demyelinating events and Tdap vaccination, although their results were limited by low sample size. 1 Baxter et al. Acute Demyelinating Events Following Vaccines: A Case-Centered Analysis . Clinical Infectious Diseases. 10/4/2016. Design/Methods: This is a two patient case series. Both patients were recently treated on the neurology service at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, between July and October, 2016. Results: Patient 1 is a 56-year-old woman with history of an asymptomatic pituitary adenoma who presented with subacute progressive multifocal neurological symptoms including myelopathic, brainstem, and cerebellar deficits. Repeated MRIs demonstrated multifocal and progressive T2/FLAIR hyperintensities of the cauda equina, long spinal cord segments, and supratentorial and infratentorial brain white matter, with scattered associated contrast enhancement. CSF was notable for lymphocytic pleocytosis with 128 WBC and elevated protein. Extensive infectious, neoplastic/paraneoplastic, and autoimmune workup was unrevealing, and clinical diagnosis was acute disseminated encephalomyelitis thought to be secondary to Tdap vaccination 3 weeks prior. Patient 2 is a 55 year old woman who presented to an outside hospital with progressive symptoms of cauda equina syndrome, with saddle anesthesia, urinary and fecal incontinence, and lower extremity numbness. MRI of the neuro-axis was notable for T2/FLAIR hyperintense signal of the distal cord/conus with corresponding enhancement, and enhancement of the cauda equina. The patient was treated with IVIG and transferred to our institution, where CSF studies showed a lymphocytic pleocytosis with 14 WBC and normal protein. Extensive workup was unrevealing. The patient had received Tdap vaccination two weeks prior to developing this acute demyelinating event. Conclusions: This two patient case series provides further evidence for a possible association between Tdap vaccination and acute demyelinating events. Disclosure: Dr. Gregg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nadkarni has nothing to disclose. Dr. VanHaerents has nothing to disclose. Dr. Templer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abbott has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gerard has nothing to disclose.
Enhancing Machine Learning Classification for Electrical Time Series Applications

Machine learning applications to electrical time series data will have wide-ranging impacts in the near future. Electricity disaggregation holds the promise of reducing billions of dollars of electrical waste every year. In the power grid, automatic classification of disturbance events detected by phasor measurement units could prevent cascading blackouts before they occur. Additional applications include better market segmentation by utility companies, improved design of appliances, and reliable incorporation of renewable energy resources into the power grid. However, existing machine learning methods remain unimplemented in the real world because of limiting assumptions that hinder performance. My research contributions are summarized as follows: In electricity disaggregation, I introduced the first label correction approach for supervised training samples. For unsupervised disaggregation, I introduced event detection that does not require parameter tuning and appliance discovery that makes no assumptions on appliance types. These improvements produce better accuracy, faster computation, and more scalability than any previously introduced method and can be to applied natural gas disaggregation, water disaggregation, and other source separation domains. My current work challenges long-held assumptions in time series shapelets, a classification tool with applicability in electrical time series and dozens of additional domains.
Safety Impact of Weaving Distance on Freeway Facilities with Managed Lanes using Both Microscopic Traffic and Driving Simulations

With the challenges of increasing traffic congestion, the concept of managed lanes (MLs) has been gaining popularity recently as a means to effectively improve traffic mobility. MLs are usually des...
Prepubertal gynecomastia with lobules and acini: a case report and review of the literature

The case of an 11-year-old boy with prepubertal gynecomastia is presented. Endocrine workup, including sex steroid and pituitary hormone concentrations, as well as chromosome analysis, was normal. Microscopy of the mastectomy specimen demonstrated, in addition to ductal proliferation and fibrosis, formation of lobules and acini, simulating female breast tissue. The authors report the fourth case with this histologic feature. Review of the literature identified 41 cases of prepubertal gynecomastia; associated or underlying conditions were: adrenal adenoma or carcinoma in nine cases, testicular tumor in two, 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency in four, familial gynecomastia in two, tuberous sclerosis in two, and, in part overlapping, sexual precocity in four. Gynecomastia usually regressed after tumor removal or cortisol replacement therapy. Histologic examination of breast tissue was performed in 18 cases. Lobule and acinus formation was described in only three.
The Semantics of Stereotactic Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy, or the therapeutic use of radiation for the treatment of malignant and benign disease, continues to evolve from the days when radium was first discovered by the Curies through to modern linear accelerators with multileaf collimation and conformal treatment planning. The basic tenets of radiation therapy have remained identical over the past 100-plus years, namely to improve the therapeutic index by enhancing tumor cell death while preserving normal tissue.
Spinal cord compression secondary to prostate carcinoma: treatment and prognosis.

AbstractOf 35 patients with prostate carcinoma and suspected spinal cord compression 26 (74%) had myelograms and/or magnetic resonance imaging studies demonstrating epidural spinal cord compression. In 5 of 26 patients (19%) spinal cord compression was the first indication of prostate cancer. All patients were initially treated with radiation, steroids and androgen deprivation therapy. Three patients underwent laminectomy. Of 12 patients (100%) ambulatory at presentation 12 remained ambulatory. Of 12 patients (83%) who were paraparetic at presentation 10 were ambulatory after treatment. However, 2 of these patients subsequently had recurrent compression and became paraplegic. Overall, 7 of 26 patients (27%) had recurrent compression. Of 5 patients who either presented with paraplegia or in whom paraplegia developed secondary to recurrent spinal cord compression 4 remained paraplegic despite treatment. The average survival of these 5 patients after treatment was 3.9 months versus 18 months for the group as...
Multi-Dimensional Linear Lattice for Fourier and Gabor Transforms, Multiple-Scale Gaussian Filtering, and Edge Detection

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multi-dimensional linear lattice for Fourier and Gabor transforms, multiple-scale Gaussian filtering, and edge detection. It describes a novel artificial neural-network that has a novel multi-layered neural-architecture called web-lattice. This web is entirely linear and diverges considerably from the common nonlinear structures used for neural networks. Unlike other neural networks, the web's principle of operation is based on the central limit theorem. Each layer of the web performs only simple repetitive averaging, but the multilayered result rapidly evolves into exact Gaussian convolution. Hence, each layer of the web generates Gaussian averaging of different scale, the higher the layer in the web the larger the widths of the Gaussians. The successive convolution architecture of the web can be extended to any dimension: ID data arrays are processed by 2D webs, 2D arrays by 3D webs, etc. In addition, other multiple-scale operators such as Gaussian-smoothed-Laplacians, Canny's edge detectors, and even multi-dimensional Fourier, Cosine, Sine, and Gabor transforms are also derived from the web in real time by vertical and/or lateral linear combinations of different processing elements. Such operations are essential parts of many contemporary algorithms in image and speech processing and in various applications in computer vision. Image analysis at multiple-scales is necessary for vision algorithms as each scale reveals structures with different size in the image.
Vitamins and Older Adults

The aging population worldwide is increasing. Although many older adults are living longer healthier lives, aging is also associated with a variety of physiological and psychological changes, which also influence the need for medical care and nutritional status. The nutritional status of older adults is affected by many factors that are associated with an increased risk for nutritional deterioration and malnutrition. Suboptimal micronutrient intake for particular vitamins and minerals is common. This article will review the factors that promote micronutrient insufficiency, vitamin requirements, and discuss the role for dietary supplements in this population.
Relationship between increased personal well-being and enhanced empathy among

BACKGROUND: While resident distress and its potential to negatively effect patient care have been well documented, little is known about resident well-being or its potential to enhance care.
(297) Linking Pain Intensity and Pain Interference: Pain Catastrophizing as a Mediator and Sleep Quality as a Moderator

When pain repeatedly interferes with individuals’ daily activities, their psychosocial well-being is at risk. However, the mechanisms through which pain elicits pain interference in chronic pain patients’ daily lives remain unclear. Identifying a targetable mediating and moderating variable in the pain intensity-pain interference link is important for developing strategies that can efficiently disconnect this association. To addresses this knowledge gap the present study examined pain catastrophizing as a mediator of the association between pain intensity and pain interference, and sleep quality as a moderator of the association between pain intensity and pain catastrophizing. A sample of 220 individuals who have fibromyalgia were included in the study. Sleep reports were collected as soon as participants woke up in the morning and subsequent pain-related reports were also collected every day for 21-days. Multilevel moderated mediation analysis was conducted. Morning pain catastrophizing significantly mediated the prospective association between morning pain intensity and afternoon pain interference [95% CI (0.005-0.007)]. Moderation analyses revealed that the relation between morning pain intensity and morning pain catastrophizing was significantly moderated by the previous night's sleep quality (p
Inpainting Versus Denoising for Dose Reduction in Scanning-Beam Microscopies

We consider sampling strategies for reducing the radiation dose during image acquisition in scanning-beam microscopies, such as SEM, STEM, and STXM. Our basic assumption is that we may acquire subsampled image data (with some pixels missing) and then inpaint the missing data using a compressed-sensing approach. Our noise model consists of Poisson noise plus random Gaussian noise. We include the possibility of acquiring fully sampled image data, in which case the inpainting approach reduces to a denoising procedure. We use numerical simulations to compare the accuracy of reconstructed images with the “ground truths.” The results generally indicate that, for sufficiently high radiation doses, higher sampling rates achieve greater accuracy, commensurate with the well-established literature. However, for very low radiation doses, where the Poisson noise and/or random Gaussian noise begins to dominate, then our results indicate that subsampling/inpainting can result in smaller reconstruction errors. We also present an information-theoretic analysis, which allows us to quantify the amount of information gained through the different sampling strategies and enables some broader discussion of the main results.
Students' experience of using boost graph library in a graph theory course

The Boost Graph Library (BGL) is a C++ library with several inbuilt functions and utilities. It provides a broad range of functionality that facilitates the creation and implementation of the simulation of a graph within a program. The goal of this paper was to see how much improvement the students made after they were introduced to the concepts of BGL.
Detection of Polypeptide Conformational Transitions in Solution via Sound Velocity

One of the most important polypeptide functions is the ability to undergo reversible coil-to-helix transitions. When dispersed in UV-opaque solvents or formulated with components that render the su...
Hemangiomas and Other Vascular Tumors

There are several benign and malignant neoplasms which may arise from the vascular elements of liver parenchyma. These lesions include hemangiomas, epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas, and angiosarcomas. Despite overlapping imaging features, each of these lesions behaves differently and they have vastly different prognoses. Cavernous hemangiomas are extremely common and have a classic imaging appearance, which allows for confident radiologic diagnosis in most cases; however, a minority of lesions demonstrate atypical features and may therefore mimic other processes. In the vast majority of cases, treatment is not indicated. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma may show a concentric ring or “target” appearance on contrast-enhanced CT/MR and when numerous may be indistinguishable from angiosarcoma except for having slower growth and less frequent extrahepatic disease. Biopsy may be required for diagnosis, and liver transplant is the most effective treatment. Angiosarcomas are variably enhancing, very aggressive tumors, which frequently present with metastatic disease. Treatment options are limited.
A CRISPR-Cas9, Cre- lox , and Flp- FRT Cascade Strategy for the Precise and Efficient Integration of Exogenous DNA into Cellular Genomes.

We describe a protocol for the precise integration of exogenous DNA into user-defined genomic loci in cultured cells. This strategy first introduces a promoter and a lox site to a specific location via a Cas9-induced double-strand break. Second, a gene of interest (GOI) is inserted into the lox site via Cre-lox recombination. Upon correct insertion, a cis-linked antibiotic resistance gene will be expressed from a promoter introduced into the genome in the first step assuring selection for correct integrants. Last, the selection cassette is excised via a Flp-FRT recombination event, leaving a precisely targeted GOI. This method is broadly applicable to any exogenous DNA to be integrated, choice of integration site, and choice of cell type. The most remarkable aspect of this versatile approach, termed "CasPi" (cascaded precise integration), is that it allows for precise genome targeting with large, frequently complex, and repetitive DNA sequences that do not integrate efficiently or at all with current genome targeting methods.
Photovoltaic Systems Aggregation using Wavelet Analysis: A Case Study

The variability in the power output of grid-tied PV system becomes challenging especially in high penetration scenarios. The analysis of the variability of aggregated PV system becomes important for distribution planning, and development of mitigation strategies. Several methods have been proposed to analyze the variability of aggregated PV systems. The use of wavelet analysis is fast becoming a technique for analyzing the variability of aggregated PV systems. This paper presents a case study of the aggregation of the real data of the power output of four PV sites located in Florida. A wavelet design and correlation study for the PVs under case study is presented. The discrete Meyer (which matches the designed wavelet) is used to analyze the variability of each PV fleet, the aggregation of pairs of the PV plants, and the aggregation of the entire four PV fleets. The impact of the distances (analyzed by Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) correlation) and the respective sizes of the PV fleet is also presented. The results showed how the differing power output profile with their correlation values produced different reductions in variabilities of the aggregated sites. Also, with pairs of PV fleets, more reduction in variability is achieved with PVs with similar sizes. The higher the number of aggregated PVs, the more the reduction variability of the aggregated PV power output.
Association between traumatic stressful events and schizotypal symptoms among a community-based sample of adolescents: A 2-year longitudinal study.

Abstract Background Traumatic stressful events (TSEs) are among the most studied risk factors for subsequent schizotypal symptoms. However, specificity and aggregate effects of trauma exposure on schizotypal symptoms remain unclear. This study investigates these relationships among a community-based sample of US adolescents. Material and methods A sub-sample of 426 adolescents (51.6% female) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort study were selected for longitudinal follow-up based on presence (n = 209) or absence (n = 217) of psychosis spectrum symptoms (PSS). At baseline, they completed assessments of demographic, TSEs, other psychopathology (e.g., PSS, anxiety, depression, and behavioral disorder) and family history of psychopathology. Schizotypal symptom dimensions (cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal and disorganized) were evaluated approximately two years later. Results More than half of adolescents experienced at least one type of TSE. Adolescents with assaultive trauma reported about 1.5 times as many symptoms on all three schizotypal symptom dimensions, compared to adolescents with non-assaultive TSE, adjusting for demographic and family history variables. No statistical significance was found after further adjusting for other baseline psychopathology (p > 0.05). There was a significant aggregate effect of TSEs on cognitive-perceptual symptoms with small effect size (p Conclusions We found evidence of an association between aggregate TSEs and cognitive-perceptual symptoms, but trauma type was not associated with schizotypal symptom dimensions when controlling for potential confounders. Our findings highlight the importance of considering aggregate TSE effects and potential confounds when examining associations between TSEs and schizotypy. Trauma and psychosis spectrum screening may be important in the effort to provide trauma-informed care.
Application of the oxidation of iodide by organic halogen peroxide for a new 3D gel dosimeter

The oxidation of iodide by trichloromethyl peroxide in a 2-propanol/water solution leading to the I3− production was applied to a gel dosimeter along with the addition of 5% hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose (HPMC). The dose response was constant at the dose rate of 300 and 100 Gy/h and stable for more than 7 days. For the ion irradiation, the yield of I3− at the front of the Bragg peak region was 92–93% relative to that at the entrance.
Fear of Palliative Care: Roles of Age and Depression Severity.

Background: Palliative care is underutilized due in part to fear and misunderstanding, and depression might explain variation in fear of palliative care. Objective: Informed by the socioemotional s...
Lateral friction surfacing: experimental and metallurgical analysis of different aluminum alloy depositions

Abstract Lateral friction surfacing, a solid-state deposition process, is a novel friction surfacing technique. In this approach, frictional heat and plastic deformation result in deposition of consumable material from the radial surface of a tool onto a substrate. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of lateral friction surfacing of AA2011, AA6061, and AA7075 aluminum alloys, with particular focus on the impacts of process parameters on the coating properties. The influence of process variables such as tool rotational speeds, normal applied forces, and type of consumable materials was investigated on the process temperature, physical, and metallurgical characteristics of the deposits using optical microscopy, infrared thermography, scanning electron microscopy, and EDS. This study exhibits that the lateral friction surfacing approach enables the deposition of ultra-thin and smooth layers of different aluminum alloys. Furthermore, the temperature generated in this technique was low enough to avoid plasticizing the substrate and intermixing between the consumable material and substrate, which mitigates the thermal impacts on the grain structures and metallurgical characteristics. The lateral friction surfacing performance of the different alloys can be partially explained by their material properties. High input energy provided by high normal forces and tool rotational speeds may result in failure in the deposition process of materials with lower thermal conductivity and melting point, which emphasizes on limitations for the process parameters during the process.
The Present Status of Physical Indices

(1940). The Present Status of Physical Indices. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 3-17.
The Representation Theorem for Cylindrical Algebras

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses certain algebraic structures introduced and studied by Alfred Tarski and F. B. Thompson. It represents theorem for cylindrical algebras (c.a). Cylindrical algebras are closely connected with formalisms, models, and formal calculi but the basic definitions is given without any reference to the metamathematical concepts, so that the representation theorem for c.a.‘s may be regarded as a theorem of algebra and set theory. It is pointed out that this theorem may be regarded as a generalization of the representation theorem for Boolean algebras.
Defining the construct of reactive aggression in borderline personality disorder: commentary on "Aggression in borderline personality disorder-A multidimensional model"

Comments on the article by F. Mancke et al. (see record 2015-31349-001). The article presents a multidimensional model of aggression in the context of borderline personality disorder (BPD), with a selective review of the research literature. BPD is arguably the most widely researched personality disorder, and the review suggests that there has been extensive progress in characterizing behavioral and biological correlates of aggression. What is not clear from the review, and indeed, the broader literature, is whether the research cited in this review is specific to BPD or can generally be applied to reactive aggression in the context of other disorders (or by extension into the normative range of the behavior). The review by Mancke et al. also highlights the fact that there is a general lack of research establishing predictive validity of aggression in BPD, with most research comparing two groups sampled at one time point. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en