cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The coverage-dependent effect on the barrier for oxygen penetration into a metal lattice

Abstract Model calculations for O/Cu(111) show that the rigid lattice penetration barrier is reduced from 8.2 to 5.3 eV as the O coverage is increased from 1 4 to 1 2 monolayer: it is expected that this large reduction will also apply to the relaxed lattice case. An increase of the distance between the first and second Cu layers, without changing the intra-layer spacing, does not effect the barrier.
Extracellular K+ activity changes related to electroretinogram components. I. Amphibian (I-type) retinas.

Electroretinographic (ERG) and extracellular potassium activity measurements were carried out in superfused eyecup preparations of several amphibians. Light-evoked changes in extracellular K+ activity were characterized on the bases of depth profile analysis and latency measurements and through the application of pharmacological agents that have selective actions on the retinal network. Three different extracellular potassium modulations evoked at light onset were identified and characterized according to their phenomenological and pharmacological properties. These modulations include two separable sources of light-evoked increases in extracellular K+: (a) a proximal source that is largely post-bipolar in origin, and (b) a distal source that is primarily or exclusively of depolarizing bipolar cell origin. The pharmacological properties of the distal extracellular potassium increase closely parallel those of the b-wave. A distal light-evoked decrease in extracellular potassium appears to be associated with the slow PIII potential, based on a combination of simultaneous intracellular Muller cell recordings and extracellular ERG and potassium activity measurements before and during pharmacological isolation of the photoreceptor responses. The extracellular potassium activity increases are discussed with respect to the Muller cell theory of b-wave generation.
American-Soviet Relations: From the Russian Revolution to the Fall of Communism

This book is a study, based on the most recent scholarship, of American policy towards the Soviet Union from 1917 to the present. From a perspective of the end of the Cold War, it looks at the ideological conflict throughout the period, focusing on such issues as American intervention in Russia in 1918-20, the origins of the Cold War, the Cuban missile crisis, detente in the Nixon-Kissinger era and relations between Reagan and Gorbachev. The book is both an attempt to understand what precisely were the roots of the Cold War and an analysis of the US/Soviet relationship in the light of its historical evolution since the Russian revolution. Peter Boyle's thesis is that American policy has been shaped not only by the external threat from the Soviet Union but also by internal forces within American society, especially domestic politics, economic interests, emotional and psychological attitudes and images of the Soviet Union. The author develops this thesis chronologically, looking at the lessons which the history of the period provides for post-Cold War relations.
The spectrum of nephrocutaneous diseases and associations: Genetic causes of nephrocutaneous disease

There are a significant number of diseases and treatment considerations of considerable importance relating to the skin and renal systems. This emphasizes the need for dermatologists in practice or in clinical training to be aware of these associations. Part I of this 2-part continuing medical education article reviews the genetic syndromes with both renal and cutaneous involvement that are most important for the dermatologist to be able to identify, manage, and appropriately refer to nephrology colleagues. Part II reviews the inflammatory syndromes with relevant renal manifestations and therapeutic agents commonly used by dermatologists that have drug-induced effects on or require close consideration of renal function. In addition, we will likewise review therapeutic agents commonly used by nephrologists that have drug-induced effects on the skin that dermatologists are likely to encounter in clinical practice. In both parts of this continuing medical education article, we discuss diagnosis, management, and appropriate referral to our nephrology colleagues in the context of each nephrocutaneous association. There are a significant number of dermatoses associated with renal abnormalities and disease, emphasizing the need for dermatologists to be keenly aware of their presence in order to avoid overlooking important skin conditions with potentially devastating renal complications. This review discusses important nephrocutaneous disease associations with recommendations for the appropriate urgency of referral to nephrology colleagues for diagnosis, surveillance, and early management of potential renal sequelae.
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Post-Mastectomy Chest Wall Recurrences: Influence on Radiation Treatment Fields and Outcome.

Invasive chest wall recurrences (CWR) following mastectomy are typically treated with surgical excision, radiation therapy (RT) to the chest wall and supraclavicular (SCV) region, and appropriate systemic therapy. Repeat axillary surgery is not routinely performed if the axilla is clinically negative. We evaluated sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in patients with an isolated invasive CWR, for identification and biopsy rates, non-axillary drainage, and clinical implications for radiation fields and outcome. Between 2008 and 2013, 12/19 women with an isolated invasive CWR had sentinel node (SN) mapping with Tc99m. Median age was 53 years, and 92 % (11/12) had initial path N0 disease. All had prior SNB, with axillary dissection in one patient. Overall, 83 % (10/12) had successful mapping, with 70 % (7/10) having an axillary SN. Ninety percent (9/10) had successful axillary node biopsy, with one patient having positive nodes. SCV RT was omitted in those with negative axillary nodes. With a median follow-up of 4.6 years from recurrence, there have been no SCV recurrences and no instances of lymphedema. SNB is possible in women with an isolated CWR with acceptable identification and biopsy rates. Omission of routine irradiation of the SCV region has not jeopardized regional control and results in decreased morbidity.
Ready for STEM

National emphases on STEM learning and digital textbooks have highlighted the importance of high quality digital instructional materials. Because teachers often lack the time and expertise to find, assess, and organize multimedia, school librarians can support STEM learning by providing media-rich, current, curriculum-linked library collections. To determine whether Discovery Education Streaming, a leading commercial database is a viable source of school library STEM resources, the researcher analyzed its multimedia assets by media, grade, category, and copyright. Results suggested that the database’s extensive content was comprised mainly of video segments, complete videos, and images but that this content was outdated, had uneven grade coverage, and addressed limited topics. While the results raise concerns about Discovery Education Streaming as an enhancement to library collections, careful use of these sources may allow school librarians opportunities to integrate high quality digital assets into their collections through specific strategies for policy, research, and practice.
Environmental Economics: An Integrated Approach--Table of Contents

This is a draft of the Table of Contents of the forthcoming text, Environmental Economics: An Integrated Approach and it gives a chapter-by-chapter description of the three primary sections: 1) environmental decision-making with perfect information, 2) information difficulties, and 3) methods of obtaining the necessary information for inevitable decisions.
The Spider's Spacewalk Derivation of sin' and cos'

The usual proofs of the derivatives of sine and cosine in introductory calculus involve limits. I shall outline a simple geometric derivation that avoids evaluating limits, based on the interpretation of the derivative as the instantaneous rate of change. The principle behind this proof is found in a late nineteenth-century calculus textbook by J. M. Rice and W. W. Johnson, The Elements of the Differential Calculus, Founded on the Method of Rates or Fluxions (Wiley, New York, 1874). A spider walks with speed 1 in a circular path around the outside of a round satellite of radius 1, as shown in Figure 1. At time t the spider will have travelled a distance t, which corresponds to a central angle of t radians. The altitude of the spider, in the standard coordinate system, is y = sm(t) and the spider is x = cos(t) units to the right (or left) of the origin. Now look how fast the spider is moving upward. Since the altitude of the spider at time t is y = sin(t), its upward velocity is y' = siri(t). Oops!?The spider loses its footing at time t, and since the gravity in outer space is negligible, it continues with the same direction and speed. It moves a distance 1 in additional time A? = 1,
Understanding and Organizing Emotional Experience: Autobiographical Accounts of Traumatic Events:

Autobiographical accounts of traumatic and stressful emotional events reveal how we understand and organize personally meaningful experiences. Our analysis of traumatic and emotional narratives focuses on the ways in which the person's event memory predicts the impact of trauma and emotional experiences on psychological well-being (e.g., depression or positive morale) of both children and adults. Four primary factors account for the relationship between memory and psychological well-being: 1) beliefs (evaluations) about the experience of trauma or stress; 2) specific emotions expressed in reaction to the events; 3) beliefs about one's competence at coping with and overcoming adversity; and 4) the generation of new goals formulated to replace those lost irrevocably. The organization and narration of emotional understanding, while diverse and complex in content, is highly constrained as to the number and kind of emotions expressed. The relationships among specific emotions, antecedents, beliefs, and plans o...
Radiation effects standards for electrical insulation

With an ever increasing number of applications for insulation materials to operate in environments which include ionizing radiation as one of the deteriorating forces, it is becoming more necessary to establish uniform reliable test procedures to evaluate the radiation resistance of these materials. Preliminary selections for specific purposes then can be made in accordance with the relative stability of the specific property or properties which are needed for the application. To assure reliable comparisons of radiation endurance levels reported by different investigators the primary objectives of those responsible for standardization are aimed at assuring: (1) an accurate definition of the radiation fields in which materials are exposed and the total energy absorbed by the specimen; (2) standardized conditions for conducting exposures, including pre- and post-irradiation history; and (3) the procedures adopted for testing the mechanical and electrical properties of materials which will clearly define the radiation degradation of the individual property being tested. Progress to achieve these requirements is moving rapidly due to the vigorous efforts of several national and international organizations.
Forced normalization's converse as nature's model for use of ECT in the management of psychosis: An observational case series.

Though electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has long been utilized to treat mood disorders, it was originally developed to treat psychosis. Our two case reports demonstrate that for patients who experience the converse of forced normalization, ECT may be a logical therapy for their psychosis. Patient 1, a 14-year-old male, and patient 2, a 27-year-old female, each experienced debilitating psychosis, which largely cleared following one seizure and two events thought to be clinical seizures, respectively. We would argue that ECT, as a medically controlled seizure, continues to be underutilized to treat psychosis, particularly in cases of forced normalization and its converse.
Technik der urethralen Anastomose bei orthotopem Blasenersatz nach roboterassistierter radikaler Zystektomie (RARC)

Die urethrale Anastomose stellt beim extrakorporalen orthotopen Blasenersatz nach roboter­assistierter radikaler Zystektomie (RARC) eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Prinzipiell kann sie mit vorgelegten Einzelnahten oder fortlaufend robotisch genaht werden. Derzeit werden in der Literatur die unterschiedlichen Techniken meist nur andeutungsweise erwahnt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird je ein Beispiel beider Techniken detailliert beschrieben und es werden ihre Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert.
Papillary and Adenomyoepithelial Tumors

This chapter will provide an overview of the various types of benign and malignant papillary lesions with a focus on diagnosis in a core biopsy sample. In almost all cases, benign and malignant papillary lesions will be excised, so a conservative approach in the core biopsy setting is prudent. This is particularly true in assessing the presence or absence of an invasive component in a malignant lesion, which is usually easier to assess when the whole lesion can be seen. Clinical presentations, imaging features, and differential diagnoses for these lesions will also be reviewed.
H7 The history of huntington’s nutrition

Background The national diets of the first HD population have something in common: they were leucine intensive. As the nutritionist on a dedicated 48-bed HD residential unit for 15 years, I questioned whether we were unknowingly feeding clients the wrong distribution of the major food groups – protein, carbohydrate, fat – and thus exacerbating weight loss. In particular, the condition of wasting, which is muscle loss, is leucine dependent. Further, were the dietary proportions given to HD clients causing more muscle loss than fat loss? Aims This poster highlights the common nutritional history of the countries where Huntington’s disease (HD) is prevalent. Methods This is an historical survey of the diet of the first HD populations, as seen by a nutritionist. HD is found mostly in countries with a high dairy intake, i.e., a leucine-based diet. In dairy both the curd and whey proteins are entirely leucine. Fish, added later to that dairy base, and its bones are entirely leucine—especially cured fish with its edible bones. Specifically, salt-water fish with edible bones, such as cod/salt cod, herring, sardines, and salmon, were available to sailors. Could the people in whom the HD gene mutated have survived the Black Plague in 1659 because they were sailors at sea on extended fishing expeditions for cod and other above-mentioned fish species? Fishing fleets were staffed by “lads,” teenage boys whose bodies were in anabolism, simultaneous with the catabolic conditions of marginal starvation from limited rations of salt cod and marginal dehydration from a ration of only 8 ounces of fluid per person per day. Until 1770, when Captain Cook proved the need for dietary acid, vitamin B6 absorption – which is acid dependent – might have been inadequate for the metabolic load of leucine in the diet of sailors. (B6 is the gatekeeper for leucine metabolism.) The Japanese prevalence of HD is only 0.5, despite primary reliance on fish, and especially cured fish, in the diet. The Japanese diet is dissimilar in its abundance of acid, present in fermented foods, and in its limited sources of dairy. Conclusion Redistribution of the proportions of the major foods groups in the diet given to HD clients should continue to be investigated.
Relationship between mTOR-Mediated Upregulation of Glycolysis and Chemosensitivity of ALL Blasts.

Cancer cells exhibit a high rate of glycolysis, which leads to a stringent dependence on extracellular glucose for maintaining intracellular ATP levels. Leukemic cells infiltrating bone marrow have been shown to be markedly hypoxic compared to normal bone marrow cells, and stimulation of glycolysis is thought to be an adaptive mechanism to hypoxia. The serine/threonine kinase AKT promotes continued cell growth and metabolism by increasing glucose uptake, stimulating glycolysis and ATP production, at least in part via mTOR-dependent stabilization of HIF1-α. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mTOR signaling in the regulation of glycolytic activity of leukemic cells growing under high glucose or hypoxic conditions. Culture of Jurkat cells or primary ALL lymphoblasts in hypoxia (1% O2) resulted in robust induction of HIF-1α protein level which was significantly higher in high glucose conditions. This induction was blocked by inhibition of mTOR signaling, in association with decreased HK-2 mRNA and Glut-1 mRNA/protein expression. Likewise, hypoxia induced lactic acid production, a surrogate marker of glycolysis, and this induction was prevented by RAD001 (p=0.01). This data suggest that PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway critically controls HIF-1α-dependent upregulation of glucose transport and glycolysis under in leukemic cells growing under pro-glycolytic conditions. We next examined the relationship between enhanced glycolytic activity and chemosensitivity to Doxorubicin. Doxorubicin (25ng/ml) efficiently inhibited growth of Jurkat cells under normoxic conditions supplemented with 4 mM glucose (equivalent of 72mg/dl). In contrast, Doxorubicin was approximately 50% less effective when cells were cultured either in high (14mM, equivalent of 252mg/dl) glucose or under hypoxia with low- or high-glucose supplementation. Inhibition of mTOR signaling strikingly enhanced effects of Doxorubicin resulting in complete inhibition of growth, and this effect was apparent only under high glucose conditions. We next examined effects of RAD001 in samples from 11 patients’ samples from newly diagnosed B-ALL patients growing under high/low glucose in hypoxic or normoxic conditions. RAD001 alone did not induce apoptosis in ALL cells (p>0.05). In contrast, inhibition of mTOR signaling significantly enhanced Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in 8 samples, with highest sensitization observed in high glucose environment (specific apoptosis, Doxorubicin alone, 5.6%, RAD001 7.7%, RAD001+Doxorubicin 22.4%, p
Enhance Students’ Learning in Business Statistics Class Using Video Tutorials

As a supplement to traditional classroom instruction, online video tutorials were created and made available as just-in-time support to enhance undergraduate business students’ academic performance in a required introductory business statistics course. The study showed the availability of video tutorials enriched students’ learning experiences and enhanced their academic performance. The results suggest that the learning benefits of the video tutorials were instrumental to those students with a final course grade B or C because these students were struggling to understand the course materials in the class. While those students with a final grade of A, D, or F might believe that they either totally understood everything or they were absolutely lost in the class. In either case, these students might believe that studying the video tutorials added no more value to their understanding of the materials presented in the class.
Health Care Policy and Medical Sociology

Health policy concerns are important, but to some extent, understudied within medical sociology, ­particularly at the overall broadest system level. Even in smaller studies that look at specific aspects of health care and health behavior issues, sociologists have not paid much attention in the past few decades to drawing out the implications of the research being done for policy questions within health and health care. Some people have viewed policy as more in the purview of political scientists, and, to some extent, the presence of a journal such as Journal of Health Care Politics, Policy and Research (JHPPPL) and its closer connections with political scientists and historians than with sociologists have reinforced that feeling. In addition, for the last 35 years, studies of the health care delivery system have broadened into many areas of social and administrative sciences and public health. Increasingly, these types of research have become part of an interdisciplinary effort often known as health services research. This chapter argues that sociologists must become concerned with policy issues if we are to remain relevant to some of the most important issues relating to health and health services delivery in the population. To help sociologists apply their research in the future to broader policy concerns and to raise awareness among medical sociologists of the importance of paying attention to policy concerns, this chapter first discusses what we mean by policy and reviews some of the past emphases and attempts to look at the relationship between medical sociology and health policy. Next, the chapter discusses issues about how policy is made in the USA, and presents a quick review of aspects of the policy-making process with a focus on the broader system level, not because sociologists should be in the forefront of this research, but because a better understanding of these issues will help sociologists to broaden the applicability of their more focused research and to better understand its potential to have some impact on policy issues. Then the chapter discusses some of the most important themes in health services research (cost, access, and a bit on quality) and focus more on a review of issues of access, health insurance, and cost. At the end, I return to discussion of some of the kinds of questions that are important in health policy and for which medical sociology can help broaden the way in which policy issues are addressed in the USA and help the research of medical sociologists to be important in the formulation of health policy broadly as well as in smaller, more specific ways. An important theme is that sociologists should not surrender the application of research to policy concerns to other disciplines but should also think about ways their own work can be applied to ongoing issues of policy and public concern.
Utilization and Outcomes of Radical Cystectomy for High-grade Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer in Elderly Patients

Abstract Background Radical cystectomy (RC) represents a treatment option for patients with high-grade non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HG-NMIBC); however, perioperative morbidity is not insignificant, particularly in elderly patients. We sought to evaluate the associations of age with utilization and outcomes of RC for HG-NMIBC. Patients and Methods Patients with HG-NMIBC diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 were identified in the National Cancer Database and stratified by age: ≤ 60, 61-70, 71-80, and > 80 years. Association between age and treatment with RC was assessed by multivariable logistic regression. Associations between age and overall survival were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multi-institutional analysis was performed to evaluate the associations of age with perioperative outcomes and survival among patients managed with RC for HG-NMIBC. Results On multivariable analysis, age was associated with RC utilization, with the lowest usage in patients > 80 years (2.1%; P .05), whereas upstaging was associated with inferior recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival regardless of age. Conclusion RC for HG-NMIBC is used less frequently in older adults, despite similar risks of pathologic upstaging. As upstaging is associated with inferior survival regardless of age, these data suggest that elderly patients with HG-NMIBC may be at risk for undertreatment.
The Politics of Transgenericity

John Barclay’s Argenis (1621) was an immediate smash hit in France, not least because the hero Poliarchus is a Frenchman. Indeed, it is rumored that Argenis was Cardinal Richelieu’s favorite novel, particularly because of the political dimension of this alleged roman a cle. Numerous French translations appeared between 1622 and 1630, and Nicolas Coeffeteau’s abridged version (1624) made the novel even more accessible to French readers. Taking advantage of the novel’s success, Pierre Du Ryer (1606-1658), one of the most popular playwrights of his generation, wrote two adaptations of Barclay’s novel: Argenis et Poliarque, ou Theocrine, tragicomedie (1630), focusses on the first encounter between Argenis and Poliarchus, whilst L’Argenis du sieur Du Ryer, tragi-comedie, derniere journee (1631) attempts to recount the entire plot.This article explores, through the prism of Du Ryer’s two plays, the poetics of adaptation of the neo-Latin novel to French tragicomedy. It approaches this question from narratological and performance viewpoints, and reflects on the politics of transgenericity, defined broadly as both the inscription of a genre in another and the passage from one mode of representation to another. This dual operation is political, in the sense that such a generic transformation is never insignificant, objective, or unmotivated. In fact, Du Ryer’s choice to adapt Argenis complicates the politics of spectacle at this time, especially since the dramatist’s patrons were not allies of Cardinal Richelieu, who was implementing reason of state policies and building an absolutist state.
Abstract WP67: VESCA: Semi-Automated Segmentation of Cerebral Vasculature in Angiograms

Background: Imaging the cerebrovasculature using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a critical step in the diagnosis and treatment of acute stroke. Interpretation and scoring of these DSA images is usually performed by visual review, introducing inter-reader variability that causes inconsistency in clinical trials. Recently, methods have been introduced to automatically quantify various metrics in DSA images, such as revascularization and blush score, and vessel extraction algorithms are often used as part of these methods. However, the results of those algorithms have not been thoroughly evaluated against manually determined groundtruth extraction results, due to a lack of tools for determining the ground truths. Methods: We present a dedicated software tool, VESCA (Vessel Segmentation for Cerebral Angiograms), for manually determining the groundtruths of DSA images to better evaluate vessel detection methods. VESCA interface allows the user to view and segment DSA images, producing a segmented, binary representation of the vasculature. The segmentation process is semi-automated thanks to the livewire segmentation technique, whereby user-selected points along vessel boundaries are automatically connected via the lowest cost path. Results: We have segmented angiograms from a database of 115 biplane DSA, resulting in a set of binary representations of the vessels. We are constructing a web-based system through which other researchers may access the database, and through which they may use the software to contribute segmented images. Conclusion: VESCA is simple to operate and requires minimal instruction. We anticipate that it will facilitate the development and improvement of automatic methods for quantitative DSA image analysis.
Spectral analysis of network effects in a complex adaptive system of human and nature dynamics

Complex adaptive systems frameworks can help address the coupling of macro social, environmental and economic constraint and opportunity with individual agency. Using an agent based computational approach we fuse endogenously derived socio-economic system of equations from human and nature dynamics (HANDY) theory with Prisoner's Dilemma spatial intra-societal economic transaction networks. We then explore the potential of spectral information from the social network adjacency matrices of strategy pairs to predict the emergence of synchronization dynamics. Here we specify the formation of substantial levels of cooperative links as the designator of a synchronized state in the model and explore the resulting max, mean and median eigenspectrum gaps. By considering spectral gap metrics, the characteristic times between stable periods can be regressed against predictive qualities of the socio-economic transaction games networks. Our initial results indicate a promising approach for emergent, co-evolutionary processes as well as potentially forecasting even fuzzy definitions of synchronization in complex systems.
Low computational complexity classifier based on the maximum relative global peak for the classification of EOG signals

In this paper, a new low computational complexity machine learning classifier is developed to detect eye movements from an Electrooculography (EOG) signal. The proposed classier is based on finding the maximum relative global peak of a set of signals that are decomposed from the original EOG signals. Unlike many other classifiers, the proposed classifier does not depend on threshold signal levels or spectrum analysis of the EOG signals which require nonlinear and complex operations. The proposed classifier uses four predefined functions which are divided into two groups to distinguish between the horizontal and vertical eye movements. The new proposed classifier can be used for on low powerful boards because it does not require high speed processors where it needs to calculate only one optimum parameter that maximizes the global accuracy. The performance of the proposed classifier is better and faster by 40% than the SVM classifier. In addition, there is a misclassification between two classes only rather than three classes.
Disposable aptamer-sensor aided by magnetic nanoparticle enrichment for detection of salivary cortisol variations in obstructive sleep apnea patients

We report a disposable point-of-care sensing platform specific to salivary cortisol detection. The sensor is inkjet printed on a paper substrate with a metalloporphyrin based macrocyclic catalyst ink that can electrochemically reduce cortisol, captured by aptamer functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. The sensor consists of a thin magnet disc, aligned at the back of the electrode, in order to populate the magnetic nanoparticle bound cortisol at the sensing electrode area. Proof of concept studies were performed to detect salivary cortisol levels in human subjects with high and low risks for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). High selectivity was observed to salivary cortisol against a background of closely related steroids.
Mapping Emission from Clusters of CdSe/ZnS Nanoparticles

We have carried out correlated super-resolution and SEM imaging studies of clusters of CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles containing up to ten particles to explore how the fluorescence behavior of these clusters depends on the number of particles, the specific cluster geometry, the shell thickness, and the technique used to produce the clusters. The total emission yield was less than proportional to the number of particles in the clusters for both thick and thin shells. With super-resolution imaging, the emission center of the cluster could be spatially resolved at distance scales on the order of the cluster size. The intrinsic fluorescence intermittency of the nanoparticles altered the emission distribution across the cluster, which enabled the identification of relative emission intensities of individual particles or small groups of particles within the cluster. For clusters undergoing interparticle energy transfer, donor/acceptor pairs and regions where energy was funneled could be identified.
Unthinking Consumption and Arrested Melancholia in Bienvenido Santos’ “The Excursionists”

This essay uses the lens of racial melancholia to examine Filipino writer Bienvenido Santos’s representation of the complex relations between the colonial elite and the native through a literalizing of the hunger for colonial knowledge. In his short story “The Excursionists,” Santos positions the putative native elite subjects of U.S. tutelary colonialism as “arrested melancholics.” Their identities, dependent upon ingestion of colonial knowledge they can neither reject, nor fully incorporate, they dramatize the ambivalent process of attempting to reverse the effects of colonial injuries and tutelage. Santos demonstrates how hunger and consumption mediate hierarchical social relations and the problematic nature of appeals to colonial and neoliberal benevolence through the figure of the hungry native.
Time-driven activity-based cost comparison of prostate cancer brachytherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the delivery cost of frequently used radiotherapy options offered to patients with intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer using time-driven activity-based costing and compare the results with Medicare reimbursement and relative value units (RVUs). Methods and Materials Process maps were created to represent each step of prostate radiotherapy treatment at our institution. Salary data, equipment purchase costs, and consumable costs were factored into the cost analysis. The capacity cost rate was determined for each resource and calculated for each treatment option from initial consultation to its completion. Treatment options included low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT), combined high-dose-rate brachytherapy single fraction boost with 25-fraction intensity-modulated radiotherapy (HDR-BT-IMRT), moderately hypofractionated 28-fraction IMRT, conventionally fractionated 39-fraction IMRT, and conventionally fractionated (2 Gy/fraction) 23-fraction pelvis irradiation with 16-fraction prostate boost. Results The total cost to deliver LDR-BT, HDR-BT-IMRT, moderately hypofractionated 28-fraction IMRT, conventionally fractionated 39-fraction IMRT, conventionally fractionated 39-fraction IMRT, and conventionally fractionated (2 Gy/fraction) 23-fraction pelvis irradiation with 16-fraction prostate boost was $2719, $6517, $4173, $5507, and $5663, respectively. Total reimbursement for each course was $3123, $10,156, $7862, $9725, and $10,377, respectively. Radiation oncology attending time was 1.5–2 times higher for treatment courses incorporating BT. Attending radiation oncologist’s time consumed per RVU was higher with BT (4.83 and 2.56 minutes per RVU generated for LDR-BT and HDR-BT-IMRT, respectively) compared to without BT (1.41–1.62 minutes per RVU). Conclusions Time-driven activity-based costing analysis identified higher delivery costs associated with prostate BT compared with IMRT alone. In light of recent guidelines promoting BT for intermediate- to high-risk disease, re-evaluation of payment policies is warranted to encourage BT delivery.
Religious Group Value Patterns and Motive Orientations

Value patterns of religious churchgoers were examined by the Political Cube and Christian Cube models as developed from Psychopolitical theory. Comparisons between The Andre Psychopolitical Scale, ...
New Theoretical Perspectives in Behavioral IS Security Research: New Ideas and the Plight of Sacrificial Oxen

As we come to press with this fifth issue of the year, we have an exciting development. It is a special case, this issue; we normally have issues 1 through 4 for each volume, but we chose this year to issue number "SI" in addition to issues 1,2,3, and 4, in order to accommodate something very special. The grand joy of editing a journal is the ability to do something unusual and innovative occasionally. With Stacie's concurrence, that is what we did this time around. As you may know, I am a member of the Behavioral Information Security society that styles itself through the highly prestigious "IFIP Working Group 8.11/11.13 Dewald Roode Behavioral Information Security Workshop." This special workshop is an event that takes place each year among the most visible and prolific information security scholars in the world. And, having gained admittance to their august company not so long ago, I sought an opportunity for The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems to support and promote behavioral information security research through its presence at the meetings (by virtue of my membership, as an Editor). A couple of meetings ago, when the call for papers went out for the annual research competition that provides the manuscripts for the meeting, I sought permission to issue a joint call for papers on behavior for a special issue of The DATA BASE dedicated to "Theoretical Advances in Behavioral Information Security Research." To my vast delight, the colleagues assented, indicating they thought it was a good idea. (Caveat: what follows will gore several oxen. My apologies in advance, but what needs to be said will inevitably cross lines of mild political sensibility, in the greater service of Theoretical Advancement.)
Conceptualizing cultural literacy through student learning outcomes assessment

Student learning outcomes (SLO) assessment is often perceived as a burdensome, top‐down process driven by institutional requirements. Recent research has thus called for discipline‐specific models of SLO assessment to more deeply engage postsecondary faculty in determining what constitutes student learning within their programs. In response, this article presents a recursive process of developing and applying a model of cultural literacy to SLO assessment documents from one foreign language (FL) department comprising multiple BA programs. The study has two interrelated parts: (1) operationalizing the concept of cultural literacy, and (2) analyzing assessment documents using qualitative content analysis. Findings show that cultural literacy is characterized by eight unique factors evident across FL program assessment documents to varying degrees. This measurable definition of cultural literacy can facilitate the alignment of goals and outcomes with disciplinary principles and has implications for curriculum development and instructional practices in collegiate FL programs.
Agonist receptors and G proteins as mediators of platelet activation.

Recent studies have helped to define the earliest events of signal transduction in platelets, particularly those involved in the generation of second messengers. The best-understood of these events are those which involve guanine nucleotide binding regulatory proteins. G proteins are heterotrimers comprised of α, β and γ subunits, each of which can exist in multiple forms. Some, but not all, of the known variants of Gα are substrates for ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin, a modification which disrupts the flow of information from receptor to effector. The G proteins that have been identified in platelets to date are Gs, Gi1, Gi2, Gi3, Gz and Gq. Gs and one or more of the Gi family members regulate cAMP formation by adenylylcyclase. Gi may also be responsible for the pertussis toxin-sensitive activation of phospholipase C which occurs when platelets are activated by thrombin. Gq is thought to be responsible for the pertussis toxin-resistant activation of phospholipase C by TxA2. Gz does not have an established role, but has the unique property of being phosphorylated by protein kinase C during platelet activation. Recent efforts to clone the receptors that interact with G proteins in platelets have been successful for epinephrine, thrombin, TxA2 and platelet activating factor. Each of these resembles other G protein-coupled receptors, being comprised of a single polypeptide with 7 transmembrane domains. In the case of thrombin, receptor activation is thought to involve a unique mechanism in which thrombin cleaves its receptor, creating a new N-terminus that can serve as a tethered ligand. Peptides corresponding to the tethered ligand can mimic the effects of thrombin, while antibodies to the same domain inhibit platelet activation. Shortly after activation, thrombin receptors become resistant to re-activation by thrombin. This desensitization, which appears to be due to a combination of proteolysis, phosphorylation and internalization, provides a potential mechanism for limiting the duration of thrombin-initiated signals in platelets.
Information Processing by the Lateral Line System

This review covers four areas of research that have fruitfully contributed to our understanding of lateral line function within the past 10 years. One striking aspect of the lateral line system is its tremendous diversity. Recent findings, however, indicate a functional constancy that may be maintained by relatively subtle morphological features. Other morphological variations have been shown to enhance sensitivity at particular frequency bandwidths. A second area of research has focused on hydrodynamic imaging and the peripheral patterns of receptor excitation that might encode stimulus features such as amplitude, distance, location, and direction of motion. A detailed model is described and provides several predictions for the types of information passed from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS).The third topic covered is the mechanisms that enhance signal detection in noisy backgrounds. It is becoming clear that canals act as biomechanical filters to improve signal-to-noise ratios in the presence of lowfrequency noises such as uniform, ambient water motions. Two central mechanisms, efferent modulation of receptor excitation and a central dynamic filter mechanism, have been shown to reduce reafference due to self-generated noise and may enhance signal detection in general. The second central mechanism is postulated to be similar to the anti-hebbian learning mechanism that has been well documented within the related electrosensory system. Finally, this review covers the recently documented roles of the lateral line system in natural behaviors, including courtship and prey capture. Some of these recent studies have led to the exciting conclusion that the lateral line may be composed of two distinct information channels, one served by canal and the other by superficial neuromasts, and that each may be dedicated to different behavioral tasks.
Type B botulism in a Korean couple after eating homemade doenjang.

Dear Editor,A 58-year-old female and her 58-year-old husband presented to the emergency department with diplopia, dry mouth, facial numbness, and dysarthria, 24 hours after ingesting homemade doenj...
Microbial recognition by GEF-H1 controls IKKε mediated activation of IRF5.

During infection, transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is essential for the control of host defense. Here we show that the microtubule-associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-H1, is required for the phosphorylation of IRF5 by microbial muramyl-dipeptides (MDP), the minimal structural motif of peptidoglycan of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, GEF-H1 functions in a microtubule based recognition system for microbial peptidoglycans that mediates the activation of IKKe which we identify as a new upstream IKKα/β and IRF5 kinase. The deletion of GEF-H1 or dominant-negative variants of GEF-H1 prevent activation of IKKe and phosphorylation of IRF5. The GEF-H1-IKKe-IRF5 signaling axis functions independent of NOD-like receptors and is critically required for the recognition of intracellular peptidoglycans and host defenses against Listeria monocytogenes.
Proteasome Inhibitors in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma and AL Amyloidosis

Therapeutic advances in the last decade have led to improved outcomes for people diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) and primary systemic (AL) amyloidosis. Foremost among these advances is the incorporation of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) into treatment regimens. Induction regimens for MM which incorporate one or both of these drug classes are associated with response rates ranging from 80 to 100 % in various studies. Myeloma remains a generally incurable disease with most patients relapsing within 5 years of initial therapy. Specific “high-risk” cytogenetic abnormalities in the malignant clone predict particularly short disease control. Results of therapy for relapsed disease are typically inferior to initial treatment, both in terms of likelihood and duration of response. Thus, resistance to proteasome inhibitor-based therapies, both inherent and acquired, remains a problem in the therapy of clonal plasma cell disorders. This chapter will provide a general overview of the use of PIs in myeloma and AL amyloidosis, with particular emphasis on the limitations of such therapy.
CHAPTER 8 – Multiple Regression

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on multiple regression model, along with its applications. The multiple linear regression model is the extension of the simple linear regression model that allows more than one independent variable. Although the multiple regression model must be linear in the model parameters, it may be used to describe curvilinear relationships. This is accomplished primarily by polynomial regression, but other forms may be used. The procedures for estimating the coefficients are presented, along with the procedure for obtaining the error variance and the inferences about model parameter. A brief description of correlations that describe the strength of linear relationships involving several variables is also provided. A regression model has more independent variables than necessary for an adequate description of the data. This problem of an excessive number of independent variables can be solved by selecting a subset of independent variables to be used in the model.
In vivo fluorescence imaging with a flat, lensless microscope

Fluorescence imaging over large areas of the brain in freely behaving animals would allow researchers to better understand the relationship between brain activity and behavior; however, traditional microscopes capable of high spatial resolution and large fields of view (FOVs) require large and heavy lenses that restrict animal movement. While lensless imaging has the potential to achieve both high spatial resolution and large FOV with a thin lightweight device, lensless imaging has yet to be achieved in vivo due to two principal challenges: (a) biological tissue typically has lower contrast than resolution targets, and (b) illumination and filtering must be integrated into this non-traditional device architecture. Here, we show that in vivo fluorescence imaging is possible with a thin lensless microscope by optimizing the phase mask and computational reconstruction algorithms, and integrating fiber optic illumination and thin-film color filters. This technology is an important step towards high-resolution, large-FOV fluorescence imaging in freely behaving animals.
Tunable terahertz amplification based on photoexcited active graphene hyperbolic metamaterials [Invited]

The efficient amplification and lasing of electromagnetic radiation at terahertz (THz) frequencies is a non-trivial task achieved mainly by quantum cascade laser configurations with limited tunability and narrowband functionality. There is a strong need for compact and efficient THz electromagnetic sources with a reconfigurable operation in a broad frequency range. Photoexcited graphene can act as the gain medium to produce coherent radiation at low THz frequencies, but its response is very weak due to its ultrathin thickness. In this work, we demonstrate an alternative design to achieve efficient tunable and compact THz amplifiers and lasers with broadband operation based on active THz hyperbolic metamaterials (HMM) designed by multiple stacked photoexcited graphene layers separated by thin dielectric sheets. The hyperbolic THz response of the proposed ultrathin active HMM is analytically and numerically studied and characterized. When the graphene-based HMM structure is periodically patterned, a broadband slow-wave propagation regime is identified, thanks to the hyperbolic dispersion. In this scenario, reconfigurable amplification of THz waves in a broad frequency range is obtained, which can be made tunable by varying the quasi-Fermi level of graphene. We demonstrate that the THz response of the presented tunable THz amplifiers or lasers is controlled by the incident optical pumping (photodoping) and the loaded dielectric materials in the HMM waveguide array, an interesting property that can have great potential for THz amplification, emission, and sensing applications.