cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Shadow of the Extragalactic X-Ray Background

The majority of baryons in the local universe are expected to lie outside of galaxies, in modest overdensity regions of the universe. This gas is predicted to be at a temperature of 105-107 K and to emit X-rays that can contribute significantly to the X-ray background near 0.75 keV. If present, the gas in an edge-on galaxy would absorb this diffuse background emission, causing a shadow. We carried out this test using Chandra observations of the edge-on galaxy NGC 891 and using a cool, gas-rich region defined by high optical extinction, and we detect a shadow in the 0.4-1.0 keV band at the 99% confidence level. This shadow corresponds to approximately one-half of the total X-ray background in this energy range, brighter than the mean predicted value for emission from diffuse baryons but within the range of model values.
Increasing strength of electrospun nanofiber membranes for water filtration using solvent vapor

Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) are an emerging material in the filtration space. However, widespread adoption of these materials has been hindered by poor mechanical strength thus necessitating the use of an additional support layer which can add to membrane thickness and resistance. The poor mechanical strength of ENMs are mostly due to their high porosity compounded with weak bonding at fiber junctions. In this study, we demonstrate a post-treatment approach to improve the mechanical properties of two commonly used membrane polymers: polyacylonitrile (PAN) and polysulfone (PSu). This post-treatment involves exposing ENMs to the solvent vapor where the mechanical strength is improved by the solvent-induced fusion of inter-fiber junction points. The treated membranes showed significant enhancement on tensile strength and Young's Modulus while high porosity and water permeability were retained.
The Relation Between Body Mass Index and Self-Rated Mental Health Among Older Adults: Do Racial/Ethnic Differences Exist?

Objectives To examine racial and ethnic differences in the relation between body mass index (BMI) and self-rated mental health (SRMH) among community-dwelling older adults. Design Cross-sectional analyses of nationally representative data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. Setting In-person household interviews. Participants Older adults aged 60 and older (N = 2,017), including non-Hispanic white (N = 547), black (N = 814), Hispanic (N = 401), and Asian (N = 255) patients. Measurements SRMH was measured with a single item, "How would you rate your own mental health?" BMI categories were underweight ( 2 ), healthy weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m 2 ), and obese (≥30.0 kg/m 2 ). Results A two-way analysis of covariance showed that after controlling for covariates, there was a significant main effect of race/ethnicity on SRMH, but the main effect of BMI was not significant. A significant interaction between BMI and race/ethnicity on SRMH was also found. The linear contrasts showed that white adults had a significant trend showing that SRMH decreased with increases in BMI, whereas black adults had a significant trend showing that SRMH increased with increases in BMI. The linear trends for Hispanic and Asian adults were not significant. Conclusions There were significant racial/ethnic differences in the relation between BMI and SRMH. Understanding the role of race/ethnicity as a moderator of the relation between BMI and mental health may help improve treatment for older adults with unhealthy weights. Clinical implications are also discussed.
Thermochemistry of the hydrolysis of d-arginine to (d-citrulline+ammonia) and of the hydrolysis of d-arginine to (d-ornithine+urea)

Molar enthalpies reaction for the hydrolysis of d-arginine(aq) to {d-ornithine(aq) + urea(aq)} and for the hydrolysis of d -arginine(aq) to {d-citrulline(aq) + ammonia(aq)} have been measured by microcalorimetry. These reactions are catalyzed, respectively, by arginase and by arginine deiminase. The effects of variations in pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the molar enthalpies of reaction were studied. The results have been analyzed with a model which accounts for the complex equilibria in solution. The results obtained at T = 198.15 K for the reference reactions are: ΔrHom = -(21.4±0.5) kJ·mol-1 for d-arginine+(aq) + H2O(l) = d-ornithine+(aq) + urea(aq) and ΔrHom = -(31.9±0.8) kJ·mol-1 for d-arginine+(aq) + H2O(l) = d-citrulline(aq) + NH+4(aq). These results are discussed in terms of thermodynamic-cycle calculations and in terms of the metabolic urea cycle.
Optimal Channelized Quadratic Observers for Binary Classification Tasks

A new method is presented for computing optimized channels for channelized quadratic observers utilizing high-dimensional image data. Gaussian statistics are assumed for the image data, but the method is applicable in more general situations.
A cellular automata model of enantiomer binding strengths to β-cyclodextrin.

Abstract As yet, the analytical process of chromatographic enantiomer separation has not been modeled using cellular automata (CA). This approach uses mathematical systems that are easily adaptable to different enantiomer analytical binding interactions. A CA model of analyte to cyclodextrin (CD) interaction accurately ( R 2 = 0.9960) predicts one-to-one molecular binding strengths through correlation with experimental complex stability constants while exhibiting established chromatographic behavior (i.e. retention site dependency and band broadening). The model is expanded to enantiomer HPLC retention interactions with β-CD that accurately predicts one-to-one binding strengths through the development of probabilistic rules and factors from chromatographic results. The proposed model predicts the strength of binding interactions and the degree of chromatographic separation (or lack thereof) of six enantiomer pairs that agree with published potential binding energies of enantiomer–(β-CD) complexes and published experimental HPLC separations.
Site-selected fluorescence of bridged [14] annulenes in nitrogen matrix

Abstract Site-selected fluorescence and excitation spectra of two bridged [14] annulenes isolated in solid nitrogen permit a detailed vibrational analysis and show that the previously unassigned “A band” is not a separate electronic transition but a part of the Lb band.
Relationships between leader behavior variability indices and subordinate responses.

The relationships of leader behavior variability indices to a variety of subordinate affective responses and experienced psychological states were examined for two samples differing in perceived job characteristics. In the sample facing routine task demands, little relationship was evident between leader behavior variability indices and subordinate responses. In the sample characterized by greater variability in task demands, correlations between responses and leader variability indices were generally significant and stronger than those between responses and absolute levels of leader behaviors. For both samples, leader behavior variability was negatively related to subordinate responses. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are presented.
Inefficient conjunction search made efficient by concurrent spoken delivery of target identity.

Visual search based on a conjunction of two features typically elicits reaction times that increase linearly as a function of the number of distractors, whereas search based on a single feature is essentially unaffected by set size. These and related findings have often been interpreted as evidence of a serial search stage that follows a parallel search stage. However, a wide range of studies has been showing a form of blending of these two processes. For example, when a spoken instruction identifies the conjunction target concurrently with the visual display, the effect of set size is significantly reduced, suggesting that incremental linguistic processing of the first feature adjective and then the second feature adjective may facilitate something approximating a parallel extraction of objects during search for the target. Here, we extend these results to a variety of experimental designs. First, we replicate the result with a mixed-trials design (ruling out potential strategies associated with the blocked design of the original study). Second, in a mixed-trials experiment, the order of adjective types in the spoken query varies randomly across conditions. In a third experiment, we extend the effect to a triple-conjunction search task. A fourth (control) experiment demonstrates that these effects are not due to an efficient odd-one-out search that ignores the linguistic input. This series of experiments, along with attractornetwork simulations of the phenomena, provide further evidence toward understanding linguistically mediated influences in real-time visual search processing.
College Men's and Women's Motives for Participation in Physical Activity:

The Attitude Toward Physical Activity Questionnaire was utilized to study the importance of nine dimensions (social experience, health and fitness, thrill and risk, beauty in movement, release of t...
Assessment of video analytics for exterior intrusion detection applications

When combined with a compatible assessment system, select video analytic devices can provide intrusion detection and target-tracking capabilities. With an attractive relative low cost, demand for video analytics has focused on high probability of detection and low nuisance alarm rate that has prioritized investment toward performance improvements. Modern algorithms offer sophisticated video-based intrusion detection and tracking capabilities that were unavailable a decade earlier. The modern video analytics have been shown to have a significant reduction of previously observed high nuisance alarm rates with improved detection capabilities. This paper includes results of a recent device evaluation performed at Sandia National Laboratories for a representative exterior intrusion detection application. For this limited scope effort, the device was evaluated for probability of detection and monitored for nuisance and false alarms over a six-month period from September 2010 to April 2011 (nuisance alarm cause is detailed). This paper also includes general and specific implementation considerations for video analytics. The author asserts that this work holds potential to improve implementation strategies for video-based detection sensors for several types of exterior perimeter and extended detection-sensing applications, making the case for interoperation and compliance standardization between video and sensor technology vendors for simplified integration of video analytic algorithms into security platforms.
Formulating the Triangle of Doom

Considerable attention has been paid in the CA literature to the glossing practices through which participants in conversation formulate who they are, what they are talking about, where the things they are talking about are located, and so forth. There are, of course, gestural glossing practices as well. For any concept or category presented gesturally, however, there is a range of possibilities from which a particular formulation may be adopted on any actual occasion of use. Identifying alternative formulations serves as a useful analytic exercise for exploring the pragmatic consequences of a produced gesture. In our own research, we have been studying the practices through which surgeons provide instruction while performing surgeries in a teaching hospital. We describe here a particular anatomy lesson produced during a surgery. The attending surgeon uses his hands and arms to gesturally construct a representation of a specific anatomic region (“the Triangle of Doom”) for the benefit of two medical students viewing and participating in the surgery. Employing the structure of Schegloff’s analysis of place formulations, we conduct an analysis of the attending’s gestural formulation. We will show how analyzing a particular gesture in this way illuminates both the intricate ways in which the gesture is tied to its context of production and the exquisite specificity of the gesture itself.
Absolute Light Emission Efficiency of Crystal Anthracene for Gamma-Ray Excitation

The absolute light emission efficiency of crystal anthracene has been reported in the range from \textonehalf{} to 4 percent and in the vicinity of 10 percent. Further determinations involving integrated light intensity measurements are reported here, which give an efficiency of about 10 percent. The possibility of the discrepancies being due to the use of peak-height measurements in one set of experiments and integrated intensities in the others is discussed; preliminary experiments indicate that the difference in range of values is not due to this cause.
Maturational changes in ventriculoatrial conduction in the intact canine heart

This study reports on the changes in ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction that occur with maturation. Programmed atrial and ventricular premature extra-stimulation (coupled to a fixed paced cycle length) and rapid atrial pacing were performed in three groups of dogs: Group 1 = 8 neonates aged 5 to 14 days, Group II = 9 young dogs aged 6 to 9 weeks and Group III = 10 adult dogs. High right atrial, His bundle and right ventricular electrograms were recorded. There were no differences in the AH intervals at rest. In all but five animals, atrioventricular conduction was limited by the atrial functional refractory period (Group I, 109 ± 12 ms; Group II, 152 ± 22 ms; Group III, 167 ± 19 ms). As expected, with rapid atrial pacing, Wenckebach conduction developed at a shorter cycle length in the younger animals (Group I,145 ± 20 ms; Group II, 153 ± 15 ms; Group III, 200 ± 25 ms, p Ventriculoatrial conduction was documented in 87% of Group I puppies and 100% of Group II, but only 40% of Group III dogs. The effective and functional refractory periods of the VA conduction system were significantly shorter in the more immature groups of dogs (effective/functional: Group I, 124 ± 27/168 ± 22 ms; Group II, 139 ± 23/202 ± 13 ms; Group III, 270 ± 28/326 ± 25 ms; p Relative to the adult dog, the immature heart showed a greater incidence of VA conduction and shorter VA refractory periods. This enhanced VA conduction may be of physiologic importance in the initiation and perpetuation of certain supraventricular arrhythmias.
Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Using Solar Energy: Use of Nanoparticle-Laden Molten Salt as the Working Fluid

Solar energy can potentially be used to convert biomass into more readily usable fuel. The use of solar energy in such a process improves the overall conversion efficiency of the system significantly by eliminating combustion of a portion of biomass needed to heat the rest of it to a temperature where pyrolysis occurs. The present study models the thermochemical conversion process during pyrolysis of biomass matter into product gases. Concentrated solar radiation is used as the source of heating of the biomass. The biomass is indirectly heated by a mixture of molten salts (Na2 CO3 and K2 CO3 ) and nanoparticles (copper), which acts as the absorbing medium and in turn heats the biomass matter (cellulose). A two-stage heat transfer and chemical reaction analysis is carried out in order to simulate the simplified operating conditions of a solar-powered gasifier. The temperature of the molten salt at the exit of the reactor is held fixed at 1000 K (727°C). The calculations are carried out at different values of solar concentration factor ranging from 10 to 60. The results show that the temperature of the molten salt mixture at the exit of the solar collector increases with an increase in the solar concentration factor. Moreover the temperature inside the biomass reactor is a function of the concentration factor as well and largely the determining factor of the rate of biomass conversion into product gases. At the highest concentration factor (Cf = 60), the model predicts that the reactor is able to convert 1.1 tons of biomass into product gases each hour using 900 kW of solar radiation at an overall efficiency of 8%. The main finding of this study is that under similar operating conditions a solar collector using a direct absorption fluid (mixture of nanoparticles and molten salt) would require significantly less concentration factor (an order of magnitude reduction) than a conventional solar collector. A conventional solar collector is defined as one where the solar radiation heats up a solid surface (such as tube walls) which in turn heats up the working fluid (molten salt). Such a reduction in concentration factor would translate into lower concentrator area, and consequently lower initial capital cost.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Regional economic impacts of a South African solution

(1991). Regional economic impacts of a South African solution. Development Southern Africa: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 143-148.
FLUE-CURED TOBACCO IN A STRIP-TILL PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Abstract A four-year study was conducted to compare the effects of strip-till tobacco production under crop rotation to conventional-till tobacco on a South Carolina Coastal Plain soil. A separate two-year study was conducted to define the impact of in-row cultivation and nitrogen application rate on conservation-till tobacco production. Flue-cured tobacco was planted into strip-till without bedding or into a conventional bedded production system. All plants received in-row sub-soiling. In-row cultivation of strip-till tobacco and conventional-till tobacco were evaluated under three nitrogen levels: 78.4, 95.2, and 112.0 kgN/ha. Strip-till tobacco production resulted in a negative impact on tobacco yield, quality, and lodging. The negative attributes of strip-till tobacco production can be partially overcome by cultivation. Increased nitrogen tended to improve yields, but at the expense of leaf quality and chemistry. Crop rotation resulted in significantly improved tobacco yields and value, and reduced ro...
Threat and Guilt Aspects of Internalized Antilesbian and Gay Prejudice: An Application of Personal Construct Theory

Building on G. A. Kelly’s (1991a, 1991b) personal construct theory, this study introduced concepts of threat and guilt as different manifestations of internalized antilesbian and gay prejudice. Results with 102 lesbian and gay participants indicated that internalized threat and guilt each accounted for unique variance in global internalized antilesbian and gay prejudice. Also, as expected, internalized threat was associated uniquely with lower preference for lesbian or gay sexual orientation, whereas internalized guilt was associated uniquely with lesbian and gay identity denigration. Finally, threat partially mediated the relations of internalized antilesbian and gay prejudice with intrapersonal identity stresses (i.e., identity confusion, difficulty of identity formation process), whereas guilt partially mediated the relations of internalized antilesbian and gay prejudice with interpersonal identity stresses (i.e., maintaining privacy, discomfort with disclosure).
Hybrid inexact proximal point algorithms based on RMM frameworks with applications to variational inclusion problems

A new application-oriented notion of relatively A-maximal monotonicity (RMM) framework is introduced, and then it is applied to the approximation solvability of a general class of inclusion problems, while generalizing other existing results on linear convergence, including Rockafellar’s theorem (1976) on linear convergence using the proximal point algorithm in a real Hilbert space setting. The obtained results not only generalize most of the existing investigations, but also reduce smoothly to the case of the results on maximal monotone mappings and corresponding classical resolvent operators. Furthermore, our proof approach differs significantly to that of Rockafellar’s celebrated work, where the Lipschitz continuity of M−1, the inverse of M:X→2X, at zero is assumed to achieve a linear convergence of the proximal point algorithm. Note that the notion of relatively A-maximal monotonicity framework seems to be used to generalize the classical Yosida approximation (which is applied and studied mostly based on the classical resolvent operator in the literature) that in turn can be applied to first-order evolution equations as well as evolution inclusions.
Experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis: immunological investigation of the infant rat model.

Abstract Infant rats inoculated intraperitoneally with Haemophilus influenzae type b develop bacteremia and meningitis. Rats were infected at 10 to 12 days of age and studied for the development of serum anticapsular antibody and bactericidal and opsonizing activity. Seven and 11 weeks after inoculation, convalescent animals showed a higher frequency of anticapsular antibody responses than uninfected controls, but 35 to 40% of the infected group had undetectable levels of anticapsular antibody (<0.10 μg/ml). In contrast, all of the convalescent animals, but none of the controls, showed moderate titers of serum bactericidal activity; and bactericidal activity persisted after absorption of the convalescent sera with type b capsule. Bactericidal activity was detected primarily in the eluted fraction corresponding to a molecular weight of 150,000 and was present in the offspring of convalescent females. Offspring of convalescent females were protected against challenge with H. influenzae type b, and control offspring could also be protected by passive immunization with convalescent serum which lacked detectable anticapsular antibody. Convalescent serum samples efficiently opsonized H. influenzae type b, and this activity persisted after absorption of the serum with capsular antigen. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that antibody to the noncapsular surface antigens of H. influenzae type b play an important role in host defenses.
Epidemiology and Clinical Impact of Parainfluenza Virus Infections in Otherwise Healthy Infants and Young Children < 5 Years Old

Over a 20-year period in a population of otherwise healthy children, respiratory viruses have been cultured from nasal wash specimens from each child with a clinically significant respiratory illness. Since efforts are underway to develop vaccines for prevention of illness due to parainfluenza virus (PIV) type 3, the epidemiologic characteristics of PIVs were reviewed, and the population size necessary to demonstrate vaccine efficacy was estimated. A population of 1429 children was followed through early childhood. PIVs were isolated from 286 samples, 17.4% of positive viral cultures. PIV-3 was the most common: 10% of the children had at least one symptomatic, culture-proven PIV-3 infection. PIV-3 was endemic during the study period, while the other two PIVs, PIV-1 and -2, caused biennial flu epidemics. Only four PIV-related hospitalizations were seen. The efficacy of a PIV-3 vaccine could be demonstrated in a trial of 600 carefully monitored children vaccinated by 3 months and followed to 15 months of age.
Borsuk shape and a generalization of Grothendieck's definition of pro-category

Following LeVan (6), we were led in (3) to investigate a purely categorical formulation of shape theory, which had hitherto been confined to certain rather circumscribed areas of topology. However, several authors (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) had noted that, within this topological context, shape theory could be related to the process of expressing objects of the larger category T as filtered limits of objects of the given full subcategory P.
Predictive Value of Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring during Resection of Intraparenchymal and Intraventricular Tumors Using an Endoscopic Port

Background and PurposezzIntraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) using upper and lower somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) is an established technique used to predict and prevent neurologic injury during intracranial tumor resections. Endoscopic port surgery (EPS) is a minimally-invasive approach to deep intraparenchymal and intraventricular brain tumors. The authors intended to evaluate the predictive value of SSEP monitoring during resection of intracranial brain tumors using a parallel endoscopic technique. MethodszzA retrospective review was conducted of patients operated on from 2007-2010 utilizing IONM in whom endoscopic ports were used to remove either intraparenchymal or intraventricular tumors. Cases were eligible for review if an endoscopic port was used to resect an intracranial tumor and the electronic chart included all intraoperative monitoring data as well as pre- and post-operative neurologic exams. Resultszz139 EPS cases met criteria for inclusion. Eighty five patients (61%) had intraparenchymal and fifty four (39%) had intraventricular tumors or colloid cysts. SSEP changes were seen in eleven cases (7.9%), being irreversible in three (2.2%) and reversible in eight cases (5.8%). Seven patients (5.0%) with intraparenchymal tumors had SSEP changes which met our criterea for significant changes while there were four (2.9%) with intraventricular (p-value=0.25). Five patients suffered post operative deficits, two reversible and two irreversible SSEP changes. Only one case exhibited post operative hemiparesis with no SSEP changes. The positive predictive value of SSEP was 45.4% and the negative predictive value was 99.2%. ConclusionszzBased on the high negative and low positive predictive values, the utility of SSEP monitoring for cylindrical port resections may be limited. However, the use of SSEP monitoring can be helpful in reducing the impact of endoscopic port manipulation when the tumor is closer to the somatosensory pathway. J Clin Neurol 2013;9:244-251
Considerations of statistical power in the shared‐haplotypes test

This paper considers statistical power properties of a test of whether a disease is caused by a recessive gene, using data on HLA sharing properties of affected sibs. It is found that the test has very poor power characteristics, and in particular we are sometimes just as likely to accept the hypothesis that the gene is recessive when it is dominant as when it is truly recessive.
Water sorption by dry milk solids. III. A comparison of results obtained by the cryoscopic, vapor pressure, and volume contraction methods.

Summary 1.Comparisons are given for the degree of sorption of dry milk solids as determined by the cryoscopic, the vapor pressure, and the volume contraction methods. 2.It is shown that there is qualitative agreement among the methods for differently processed samples, but the values differ in magnitude depending upon the method used. 3.The cryoscopic results for each sample are greater than those by the other methods, and the results by the vapor pressure method at 80 per cent relative humidity are the smallest. 4.Some possible reasons for the differences are discussed.
Indirect suppression of photosynthesis on individual leaves by arthropod herbivory.

†Background Herbivory reduces leaf area, disrupts the function of leaves, and ultimately alters yield and productivity. Herbivore damage to foliage typically is assessed in the field by measuring the amount of leaf tissue removed and disrupted. This approach assumes the remaining tissues are unaltered, and plant photosynthesis and water balance function normally. However, recent application of thermal and fluorescent imaging technologies revealed that alterations to photosynthesis and transpiration propagate into remaining undamaged leaf tissue. †Scope and Conclusions This review briefly examines the indirect effects of herbivory on photosynthesis, measured by gas exchange or chlorophyll fluorescence, and identifies four mechanisms contributing to the indirect suppression of photosynthesis in remaining leaf tissues: severed vasculature, altered sink demand, defenceinduced autotoxicity, and defence-induced down-regulation of photosynthesis. We review the chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal imaging techniques used to gather layers of spatial data and discuss methods for compiling these layers to achieve greater insight into mechanisms contributing to the indirect suppression of photosynthesis. We also elaborate on a few herbivore-induced gene-regulating mechanisms which modulate photosynthesis and discuss the difficult nature of measuring spatial heterogeneity when combining fluorescence imaging and gas exchange technology. Although few studies have characterized herbivore-induced indirect effects on photosynthesis at the leaf level, an emerging literature suggests that the loss of photosynthetic capacity following herbivory may be greater than direct loss of photosynthetic tissues. Depending on the damage guild, ignoring the indirect suppression of photosynthesis by arthropods and other organisms may lead to an underestimate of their physiological and ecological impacts.
III. Total X-ray Scattering and Two-Electron Density Functions

Within the Waller–Hartree theory it is possible to map out the interelectron density function (the diagonal elements of the intracule matrix) from an analysis of total X-ray scattering intensities. Theoretical studies of He and H2 show that electron correlation effects substantially influence total X-ray scattering intensities, but do not appreciably alter the elastic X-ray scattering intensity. On the other hand, theoretical studies of Be(1S), Ne(1S) and CO(1Σ*) indicate that electron correlation influences both total and elastic X-ray scattering intensities by comparable amounts (∼ 1–2%), but at differing regions of the scattering vector variable.
Combinatorial mRNA binding by AUF1 and Argonaute 2 controls decay of selected target mRNAs

The RNA-binding protein AUF1 binds AU-rich elements in 3′-untranslated regions to regulate mRNA degradation and/or translation. Many of these mRNAs are predicted microRNA targets as well. An emerging theme in post-transcriptional control of gene expression is that RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs co-regulate mRNAs. Recent experiments and bioinformatic analyses suggest this type of co-regulation may be widespread across the transcriptome. Here, we identified mRNA targets of AUF1 from a complex pool of cellular mRNAs and examined a subset of these mRNAs to explore the links between RNA binding and mRNA degradation for both AUF1 and Argonaute 2 (AGO2), which is an essential effector of microRNA-induced gene silencing. Depending on the specific mRNA examined, AUF1 and AGO2 binding is proportional/cooperative, reciprocal/competitive or independent. For most mRNAs in which AUF1 affects their decay rates, mRNA degradation requires AGO2. Thus, AUF1 and AGO2 present mRNA-specific allosteric binding relationships for co-regulation of mRNA degradation.
Utility of the p53 mutant protein in patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome

Patients withthis condition demonstrate clonal hematopoietic expansion,cytopenias, myelodysplasia, ineffective hematopoiesis andan increased propensity to develop acute myeloid leukemia.Not surprisingly, prognosis is related to severity of cytopenias,presence of cytogenetic abnormalities and clonal evolutiondemonstrated by blast counts, and other ‘traditional’ progno-stic elements. There is heterogeneity even among patientsdiagnosed with lower-risk disease, since a subset of thesepatients have more aggressive disease. Recent efforts havedemonstrated that several molecular parameters linked tothe pathophysiology of MDS may affect overall survival.
Models of harmful algal blooms

Models used to study harmful algal blooms are a subset of those used to examine more general planktonic processes. Most models have been heuristic, examining the likelihood of certain processes generating a harmful algal bloom. Several models have been more closely coupled to field data and have been used to gain insights into the dynamics underlying the observations. As better physical and biological models are developed, models may play an increasingly important role in harmful algal bloom research. Techniques such as data assimilation may increase the predictive power of models, suggest strategies for improving field sampling, and better constrain poorly known parameters and processes.
Grave complications after superior oblique tenotomy or tenectomy for Brown syndrome.

Abstract Introduction: Superior oblique tenotomy or tenectomy was the preferred procedure for Brown syndrome for decades. Superior oblique palsy was reported as a complication, but the complex nature of this palsy and the difficulty in treating it was not emphasized. We documented cases with distressing symptoms of unilateral and bilateral superior oblique palsy after a free tenotomy or tenectomy of the superior oblique tendon for Brown syndrome. Methods: Four cases referred for management of complex strabismus after superior oblique surgeryfor Brown syndrome were identified. Case histories, complications, and corresponding management are described in detail. Results: All cases presented with bothersome symptomatic superior oblique palsy—incomitant vertical deviation with significanttorsion, diplopia worse in functional down gaze, and anomalous head postures. Although reanastomoses of the superior obliquetendon was attempted in all cases,the procedure was modestly successful in only one case. Superior oblique palsy could not be reversed. After three procedures, Case 1 was orthotropic in primary, right, and left gaze but had a small intermittenttropia in down gaze. Case 2 underwent bilateral superior oblique operations. Despite a unilateral reanastomosed superior oblique tendon, hypertropia in down and left gaze and 15 degrees chin down position persisted. Case 3 showed correction of head tilt and a negative covertest 1 week after the second operation for iatrogenic superior oblique palsy, but stability of the procedure could not be ascertained. Case 4 had a successful attempt at reanastomosis and regained control of the vertical deviation as a hyperphoria. Both anomalous head posture and torsion improved. Conclusion: Superior oblique surgeryfor Brown syndrome may cause irreversible serious strabismus problems. Patients are left with distressing cyclovertical deviation worse in the functional position of gaze with significant torsional component that was resistant to therapy. Although adaptive mechanisms, such as an anomalous head posture, may develop, patients are leftwith a permanent disabilitythat could not be reversed. One should scrupulously adhere to the indications for surgery in Brown syndrome. Preoperative assessment of superior oblique function is stressed. An alternative surgical procedure that is potentially reversible should be considered.This should include a reliable method to recover both ends of the tenotomized superior oblique tendon in case the procedure needs to be modified at a later date.
Locomotion and activity phasing of 6 carnivores and a monkey.

Die Lokomotion sowie die phasische Aktivitat sechs mittelgrosser Carnivoren und eines Makaken wurde am Laufrad untersucht. Die Laufaktivitat nachtaktiver Tiere war stark durch die Lichtintensitat beeinflusst, nicht aber die der diurnalen Tiere. Bei kunstlichem Zwielicht waren erstere sehr aktiv, letztere wenig oder uberhaupt nicht. Die Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse fur die phasische Aktivitat im Freiland und den damit zusammenhangenden Grad der Adaptation des Auges wird diskutiert.
Basics in clinical nutrition: Nutrients which influence immunity - Clinical and experimental data

Nutrition enriched with glutamine, arginine, nucleotides and polyunsaturated fatty acids has been proposed to improve the immune system and gastrointestinal (GI) trophism of patients in stress and non-stress conditions. Such a nutritional strategy has been reported to reduce late postoperative infections, wound complications, days on ventilator, hospital length of stay and treatment costs in patients with severe injury or major surgery. The recent clinical and experimental data on the effects of different nutrients are reviewed.
How to Say Things with Wars: Performativity and Discursive Rupture in the Requerimiento of the Spanish Conquest

Though linguistic anthropologists have long surpassed Austin's initial formulation, the performativity concept remains of enduring interest for its utility in exploring how language constitutes social action. I build on those conversations by considering the concept's applicability to a key document used in the conquest of the Americas, an event involving one of the greatest discursive divides in human history. After examining the text's internal structure and what we know of its use, I suggest that the complex performative dynamics at work in the text are tied to the ways it presupposes and simultaneously instantiates social hierarchies by establishing participant roles. Competing interpretations of those participant roles are made possible by the text's strategic indeterminacy and the temporal dynamics of its circulation. I conclude by considering parallels to other texts and speech acts likewise designed to grapple with discursive difference.
Response of High Producing Dairy Cows in Early Lactation to the Feeding of Heat-Treated Whole Soybeans

Abstract Fifty-eight multiparous cows were assigned randomly to one of two rations. Control cows received a concentrate mixture that contained 20% soybean meal as the protein supplement, and the experimental cows were fed a concentrate that contained 25% heat-treated whole soybeans. The experimental period started 10 d after calving and continued for 15 wk. Experimental cows peaked later in milk production (5 vs. 3 wk) but at a higher level (39.8 vs. 39.4 kg/d) than control cows. Although milk production was less during the first 4 wk, experimental cows surpassed the controls in wk 5 and increased the advantage to 2.0 kg/cow/d by wk 15. For the total 15-wk period, average milk production was 37.0 kg/d for the experimental cows compared with 36.2 kg/d for the controls. Total dry matter intake, lactation efficiency, body weight, and reproductive performance were similar for both treatments. Cows fed heated soybeans consumed more metabolizable energy, 61.6 vs. 60.4 Mcal/d for controls. Cows on experimental diet also had higher free fatty acids in plasma (5.6 vs. 4.8 mg/100 ml) and triglycerides (25.0 vs. 20.9 mg/100 ml). The acetate-to-propionate ratio of rumen acids was significantly lower in the experimental group (3.36 vs. 3.61).
Self-management for women with irritable bowel syndrome.

Abstract Background & Aims: A randomized clinical trial was used to test the effectiveness of an 8-session multicomponent program (Comprehensive) compared to a Brief (single session) version and Usual Care for women with irritable bowel syndrome. Methods: Menstruating women, ages 18–48 years, were recruited from a health maintenance organization as well as community advertisements. Psychiatric nurse practitioners delivered both programs. The primary outcomes were improved symptoms, psychological distress, health-related quality of life, and indicators of stress-related hormones. Outcome indicators were measured at 3 points: (1) immediately after the Comprehensive program or 9 weeks after entry into the Usual Care and Brief Self-Management groups, (2) at 6 months, and (3) at 12 months. Results: Compared to Usual Care, women in the Comprehensive program had reduced gastrointestinal symptoms, psychological distress indicators, interruptions in activities because of symptoms, and enhanced quality of life that persisted at the 12-month follow-up evaluation. Women in the Brief group also demonstrated statistically significant improvements in quality of life and smaller nonsignificant improvements in other outcome variables than observed in the Comprehensive group. There were no group differences in urine catecholamines and cortisol levels. Conclusions: A comprehensive self-management program is an important therapy approach for women with irritable bowel syndrome. The Brief 1-session version is also moderately helpful for some women with IBS.
Generation of Electrospun Nanofibers with Controllable Degrees of Crimping Through a Simple, Plasticizer‐Based Treatment

Electrospun nanofibers with controllable degrees of crimping are fabricated by simply exposing the samples to a plasticizer at preset shrinkage ratios. Compared with their straight counterparts, the crimped nanofibers are able to mechanically mimic native tendon tissue and better protect tendon fibroblasts under uniaxial strains.
Spatial components of fruit display in understory trees and shrubs

Bird-dispersed plants of the tropical rain forest understory are widely spaced and produce sparse crops (most with fewer than 10 ripe fruits available at any one time). Such plants probably disperse the greatest proportion of their lifetime output of seeds in the short periods during which they occur in treefall gaps. There, environmental conditions stimulate the production of large crops of fruit. At the same time, however, competition for dispersers is also likely to be high because of the proximity of other fruiting plants in the same clearings. For birddispersed shrubs and treelets, treefall clearings thus represent both critical opportunities for fruit production and seed dispersal and effective bottlenecks of increased competitive pressure from other fruiting plants.
ANCF Consistent Rotation-Based Finite Element Formulation

In this technical brief, a consistent rotation-based formulation is proposed using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) kinematic description. The proposed formulation defines a unique rotation field, employs one interpolation, captures shear deformations, does not suffer from the redundancy problem encountered when using large rotation vector formulations, allows for systematically describing curved geometry, and leads to elastic force definitions that eliminate high-frequency modes associated with the deformation of the cross section. The drawback of this formulation, as it is the case with the large rotation vector formulations, is the nonlinearity of the inertia forces including nonzero Coriolis and centrifugal forces. Furthermore, the formulation does not capture deformation modes that can be captured using the more general ANCF finite elements. Nonetheless, the proposed method is consistent with the continuum mechanics general description, can be related to computational geometry methods, and can be used to develop beam, plate, and shell models without violation of basic mechanics principles.
Culturally competent research: an ethical perspective

This article addresses the perspective of the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Providers regarding issues affecting research with ethnic minority populations. Issues such as failure to report or give informed consent to research participants, lack of diversity among researchers, inappropriate study of ethnic minority populations, and culturally insensitive assessment instruments are discussed. Examples of recommended responsibilities and criteria for culturally competent research are provided, including increased involvement of minorities in research, both as investigators and concerned citizens. In sum, the recommendations address the larger problem of failure to acknowledge people in their cultural context. Finally, implications for the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Providers are considered.
Effect of fibrous capsule formation on doxorubicin distribution in radiofrequency ablated rat livers

In this study, we report the histological findings of a combined therapy using radiofrequency ablation and intratumoral drug delivery in rat livers, with special attention to wound-healing processes and their effects on drug transport in post-ablated tissue. Doxorubicin-loaded millirods were implanted in rat livers that had undergone medial lobe ablation. Millirods and liver samples were retrieved upon animal sacrifice at time points ranging from 1 h to 8 days. Results demonstrate a clearly defined area of coagulative necrosis within the ablation boundary. The wound-healing response, complete with the appearance of inflammatory cells, neovascularization, and the formation of a fibrous capsule, was also observed. At the 8-day time point, fluorescence imaging analysis showed a higher concentration of doxorubicin localized within the ablation region, with its distribution hampered primarily by fibrous capsule formation at the boundary. Given the variant nature of ablated liver, a mathematical model devised previously by our laboratory describes the data well up to 4 days, but loses reliability at 8 days. These results provide useful mechanistic insights into the wound-healing response after radiofrequency ablation and polymer millirod implantation, as well as the impact this natural corollary has on drug distribution.
Recommending API usages for mobile apps with hidden markov model

Mobile apps often rely heavily on standard API frameworks and libraries. However, learning to use those APIs is often challenging due to the fast-changing nature of API frameworks and the insufficiency of documentation and code examples. This paper introduces DroidAssist, a recommendation tool for API usages of Android mobile apps. The core of DroidAssist is HAPI, a statistical, generative model of API usages based on Hidden Markov Model. With HAPIs trained from existing mobile apps, DroidAssist could perform code completion for method calls. It can also check existing call sequences to detect and repair suspicious (i.e. unpopular) API usages.
Port of Tauranga (B): Jon Mayson—Shaping Our Life Destiny

Jon Mayson's life story and personal achievements are central to understanding the successful transformation of the Port of Tauranga. From the day he was born, Mayson was a unique individual. He learned to cope with personal challenges as a young man and followed his heart to the sea. His personal values and courage served him well. Mayson's life philosophy can be captured in his favorite phrase: "Why not?" He took over the Port of Tauranga in 1997, and under his leadership, the port was transformed from being a modest success to being a leader in New Zealand. Mayson's life has been one of values-based learning, and it has been successful.
Adapting Logics

In this paper the author plans to survey some of the adaptations and variations of logic that have been introduced for various purposes. For obvious reasons, we concentrate mainly on purposes related to computer science and on adaptations that have played a role in the research. Along the way, the author discusses some open problems
Feminisms, Women's Rights, and the UN: Would Achieving Gender Equality Empower Women?

Although all theories that oppose the subordination of women can be called feminist, beyond this common denominator, feminisms vary in terms of what they see as the cause of women's subordination, alternatives to patriarchal society, and proposed strategies to achieve the desired change. This article offers a critical examination of the interaction of feminist theories and the international human rights discourses as articulated at the UN forums and documents. It contends that although a range of feminisms that elucidate the diversity of women's experiences and complexities of oppression have been incorporated into some UN documents, the overall women's rights approach of the UN is still informed by the demands and expectations of liberal feminism. This is particularly evident in the aggregate indicators that are employed to assess the “empowerment of women.” In addition to explaining why liberal feminism trumps other feminisms, the article addresses the problems with following policies that are informed by liberal feminism. Noting that the integrative approach of liberal feminism may establish gender equality without empowering the majority of women, it criticizes using aggregate indicators of empowerment for conflating sources of power with empowerment and making false assumptions.