cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tarsal rotational flap for upper eyelid reconstruction

• Reconstruction of full-thickness defects in the upper eyelid presents a special challenge to the oculoplastic surgeon. We present and discuss a new, surgically simple technique for posterior lamella reconstruction of the upper eyelid, which can also be used with other procedures. The surgical technique calls for a vertical strip of tarsus (tarsal flap) to be rotated horizontally and sutured to canthal tendon remnants or periosteum at the orbital rim. This procedure has produced satisfactory to excellent results in our test group, and presents the reconstructive surgeon with several advantages over other techniques.
Supply Response and the Dispersion of Price Expectations

nomic an0lysis is the implication of aggregation when doing market studies. The conditions for exact aggregation under a variety of definitions and settings have been studied (Paris and Rausser, Theil). The focus of this paper is on supply response in agriculture. Several authors have studied the effects of, and tests for, differential supply response coefficients across individuals or areas when aggregating firms (e.g., Theil, p. 567). Here, these coefficients are assumed to be identical for every firm but another problem is examined when uncertainty is present. It is well documented that farmers have diverse price expectations (e.g., Bessler). The question occurs as to the effects of such different expectations on aggregate supply response. It is found that the curvature of the supply function is a crucial component of the analysis. For example, if the supply function is strictly concave, an increase in the dispersion of expectations will reduce supply in aggregate.
Regiospecific addition of organocopper reagents to α, gb-unsaturated esters

Abstract Mixed cuprates ArSCu(RMgX)n add rapidly to crotonates and cinnamates to give high yields of Michael adducts. Cuprates of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t -butyl, phenyl and vinyl were used. Crotonates give much higher yields of adducts with cuprates using 2-methoxythiophenoxide as a ligand than with those using thiophenoxide.
Synthesis and characterization of regiorandom and regioregular poly(3-octylfuran).

Poly(3-octylfuran) has been synthesized with three regioregularities: P3OF-95, P3OF-75, and P3OF-50, where the number signifies the percentage HT content. The 95% HT material is highly crystalline with a structure similar to that of HT-poly(3-octylthiophene), P3OT. The lamellar spacing is 22.1 A and the π-stacking distance is 3.81 A. UV−vis spectroscopy reveals that P3OF-95 is aggregated in CHCl3 solution, and solid films of P3OF-95, but not P3OF-75 or -50, show Davydov and exciton band splitting due to the interactions of the π-systems in the stacked morphology. An estimate of the Davydov splitting is 0.15 eV (1200 cm-1). P3OF is reversibly oxidized at 0.32 V vs ferrocene/ferrocenium, but increasing the potential to 1.15 V leads to irreversible oxidation. Films of P3OF may be p-doped with iodine vapor. Doped P3OF-95 and -75 films have electrical conductivities of 10-2 and 10-7 S/cm, respectively. The UV−vis−NIR spectra of the iodine-doped films are interpreted in terms of molecular-like transitions invo...
Combining paleointensity methods: A dual-valued determination on lunar sample 10017,135

A single-heating procedure for the determination of two partially independent values of paleofield intensity for one sample is presented. The procedure combines data for Shaw-type and 'ARM-method' determinations furnishing the ratio thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) to ARM acquisition efficiency corrected for physicochemical alteration to the magnetic carriers. Applicability of the Shaw-method to Fe-bearing samples is demonstrated by simulated paleointensity determinations on synthetic samples containing multidomain grains. The combined Shaw-ARM procedure was applied to a linear basalt sample, but the Thellier-Thellier method could not provide a meaningful determination of the neighboring chip. These conflicting findings may be explained by multiple step-wise heatings causing more damage to carriers than a single heating procedure, and by the natural remanent magnetization in this lunar basalt not being a simple TRM.
Conformational studies of TMV-RNA: Calorimetric and related investigations

Abstract Calorimetric measurements of heats arising from transferring Tobacco Mosaic Virus Nucleic Acid (TMV-RNA) from a low to high ionic strength value show that such transfers result in considerable amounts of exothermic heat. Furthermore, the heats measured were found to increase with increasing ionic strength. Velocity sedimentation and viscosity measurements show that in solutions of ionic strength greater than 0.1, the sedimentation coefficient and specific viscosity values of TMV-RNA remain practically unchanged, suggesting that changes in molecular size and hydrodynamic characteristics cannot fully account for the observed heat effects. Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD) and Circular Dichroism (CD) measurements of TMV-RNA solutions were made as a function of ionic strength. These studies show that the structure increases with ionic strength. Therefore, conformational changes, mostly as a result of increase in base-pairing and possibly to a smaller extent as a result of changes in base-stacking, appear to be responsible for most, if not all, of the observed heat effects. Energy calculations using the calorimetrically measured heat values show that the energy associated with the conformational changes in TMV-RNA arising from a change in ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.8 is about −2 kcal/mole and this is of the right order of magnitude.
Characterization of Pt microcrystals using high resolution electron microscopy

Abstract Small colloidal particles of platinum have been produced with and without a protective agent (polyvinylpyrrolidone), and have been studied by high resolution electron microscopy. Initially, the protected particles have been found to be single crystals in the size range 5–30 A. After continued beam exposure, the protective coating's effect is lost and the particles coalesce, forming both larger single crystals and multiply-twinned crystals. In contrast, a sample of the unprotected particles shows extensive initial linking and twinning, but no further beam-induced agglomeration.
Abrogation of TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation by histone deacetylase inhibition

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease with no known effective pharmacological therapy. The fibroblastic foci of IPF contain activated myofibroblasts that are the major synthesizers of type I collagen. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 promotes differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, we investigated the molecular link between TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Treatment of normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) with the pan-HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) inhibited TGF-β1-mediated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and α1 type I collagen mRNA induction. TSA also blocked the TGF-β1-driven contractile response in NHLFs. The inhibition of α-SMA expression by TSA was associated with reduced phosphorylation of Akt, and a pharmacological inhibitor of Akt blocked TGF-β1-mediated α-SMA induction in a dose-dependent manner. HDAC4 knockdown was effective in inhibiting TGF-β1-stimulated α-SMA expression as well as the phosphorylation of Akt. Moreover, the inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A and 1 (PP2A and PP1) rescued the TGF-β1-mediated α-SMA induction from the inhibitory effect of TSA. Together, these data demonstrate that the differentiation of NHLFs to myofibroblasts is HDAC4 dependent and requires phosphorylation of Akt.
Life History of a Knowledge Claim The Opiate Receptor Case

This research examines how a particular idea, the opiate receptor concept, was incorporated into the work of a group of scientists. It focuses on the period of time during which the idea, previously a mere abstraction, began to receive experimental support. The study analyzes how various groups of researchers within neuroscience used the early experimental results, and how the growing understanding of the receptor contributed to a sense of momentum in the field.
Development of nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis associated with long-term treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with prostacyclin

A young woman with primary pulmonary hypertension presented with interstitial lung disease approximately 5 years after successful treatment with IV prostacyclin. The pathology was consistent with nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis and was unresponsive to steroids and immunosuppressive medications. We speculate that further cases of this syndrome may be reported as more patients are living beyond 5 years with prostacyclin.
Hepatic and extrahepatic malathion carboxylesterases. Assay and localization in the rat

Abstract A colorimetric assay of malathion carboxylesterase was developed by coupling the hydrolysis of malathion to the reduction of a tetrazolium dye. This assay system was used to measure the malathion carboxylesterase activities of various rat tissues and of subcellular fractions of rat liver. In terms of activity per tissue, the liver contained the greatest amount of carboxylesterase, three-fourths of which could be attributed to the microsomal fraction. Preparations of liver mitochondria, blood serum, kidney homogenate, and lung homegenate also contained malathion carboxylesterase. The carboxylesterase of blood serum manifested an apparent Michaelis constant of 20 μ m , threefold lower than that observed in liver homogenate, and contributed most of the extrahepatic activity. These results support the view that extrahepatic malathion hydrolysis may partially account for the resistance of the rat to malathion poisoning.
Energy Efficient Last Level Caches via Last Read/Write Prediction

The size of the Last Level Caches (LLC) in multi-core architectures is increasing, and so is their power consumption. However, most of this power is wasted on unused or invalid cache lines. For dirty cache lines, the LLC waits until the line is evicted to be written back to memory. Hence, dirty lines compete for the memory bandwidth with read requests (prefetch and demand), increasing pressure on the memory controller. This paper proposes a Dead Line and Early Write-Back Predictor (DEWP) to improve the energy efficiency of the LLC. DEWP early evicts dead cache lines with an average accuracy of 94%, and only 2% false positives. DEWP also allows scheduling of dirty lines for early eviction, allowing earlier write-backs. Using DEWP over a set of single and multi-threaded benchmarks, we obtain an average of 61% static energy savings, while maintaining the performance, for both inclusive and non-inclusive LLCs.
Hunt for nutrition

Bison Kills and Bone Counts: Decision Making by Ancient Hunters. By John D. Speth. University of Chicago Press: 1983. Pp.227. Hbk $20, £17; pbk $8, £6.80.
Sustainability as intergenerational equity: Economic theory and environmental planning

Our t h e o r i e s . . , are rays of fight, which i l luminate a part of the target, leaving the rest in d a r k n e s s . . . It is obvious that a theory which is to perform this function satisfactorily must be wel l chosen; otherwise i t wi l l i l lumine the wrong things. Further, since i t is a changing world that we are studying, a theory which i l lumines the r ight things at one l ime may i l lumine the wrong things at another.
Mowing frequency and plant growth regulator effects on dollar spot severity and on duration of dollar spot control by fungicides

Management of dollar spot (incited by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) on golf course fairways is increasingly challenging. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of mowing frequency and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on dollar spot severity and on the residual efficacy of fungicides for control of dollar spot. Two 4-month-long studies were conducted on 'Putter' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) maintained as a fairway at the University of Connecticut. Treatments were arranged in a three-by-three-by-five factorial that assessed the influence of mowing frequency (2, 4, or 6 days week-1) and PGRs (paclobutrazol, trinexapac-ethyl, or none) on dollar spot control by five fungicide treatments (boscalid, chlorothalonil, iprodione, propiconazole, or none). Turf was mowed in the afternoon hours to minimize the confounding effect of mowing frequency on leaf wetness duration. Treatments were initiated in the late spring of 2007 and 2008, and each fungicide treatment was reapplied only when dollar spot exceeded a threshold of five infection centers plot-1. In the absence of fungicides, dollar spot severity was reduced by 63 to 90% in plots treated with paclobutrazol and by 13 to 55% in plots treated with trinexapac-ethyl. Dollar spot severity was 23 to 50% lower in plots mown 2 days week-1 compared with those mown 6 days week-1. In cases where a significant interaction was observed between mowing frequency and PGRs, dollar spot was reduced on most rating dates in plots treated with trinexapacethyl that were mown 2 days week-1 compared with those mown 6 days week-1. Survival analysis of days until threshold was met revealed that duration of control of fungicides in plots receiving paclobutrazol were 28 to 84% longer compared with plots not receiving PGR. Duration of control by fungicides was generally similar between plots treated with trinexapac-ethyl and no PGR. In general, mowing frequency did not influence duration of control. Results from this study indicate that paclobutrazol could be used to increase the treatment interval of fungicides and that mowing frequency in the absence of dew is likely to have little influence on fungicide residual efficacy. When used without fungicides, PGRs and less frequent mowing may reduce dollar spot in situations where fungicide use is limited.
Behavioral evidence that the precibarial sensilla of leafhoppers are chemosensory and function in host discrimination

Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) possess epi- and hypopharyngeal chemosensilla within the head. In this paper, we describe the behaviors of leafhoppers (Graphocephala atropunctata Signoret) which have had two of the four main nerves to these sensilla cut. Insects with severed nerves (treated) and control insects (both sham-operated and normal) were offered a choice of two small mustard leaves infused with either distilled water or a 5% sucrose solution. The control insects showed a preference for the 5% sucrose leaf, whereas the treated leafhoppers did not; they distributed themselves on both leaves with similar frequency. Thus, severing the nerves of only half of the precibarial chemosensilla (epipharyngeal organ) resulted in major changes in leafhopper feeding behavior. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the precibarial chemosensilla mediate gustatory discrimination of chemical compounds within the plant. RESUME Comportement caracteristique qui prouve que les sensilles gustatives precibariales des cicadelles sont chimioreceptrices et ont un effet sur la selection des hotes Les cicadelles (Homoptera) possedent dans la tete des sensilles gustatives sur l'epi et l'hypopharynx. Cette note decrit le comportement de Graphocephala atropunctata Signoret dont deux des quatre principaux nerfs de ces sensilles ont ete coupes. Le choix entre des petites feuilles de moutarde infusees, soit dans de l'eau distillee, soit dans une solution de sucrose a 5%, a ete propose a ces insectes et a deux categories de temoins, les uns intacts, les autres ayant subi une operation a blanc. Les temoins ont montre une preference pour les feuilles traitees au sucrose, mais pas les cicadelles aux nerfs sectionnes. Les insectes ‘sectionnes’ ont perfore les deux types de feuilles avec les memes frequences. Ainsi la section de la moitie seulement des nerfs des sensilles gustatives precibariales (organe epipharyngien) a induit un changement fondamental du comportement alimentaire des cicadelles. Cette experience appuie l'hypothese selon laquelle les sensilles precibariales fournissent la discrimination gustative des composes chimiques de la plante.
CARPAL TUNNEL RELEASE USING THE RADIAL SIDED APPROACH COMPARED WITH THE TWO-INCISION APPROACH

We compared carpal tunnel release using a radial sided approach (RCTR) with a two-incision approach with regards to complications, grip strength, and functional outcomes. Retrospective chart review was done and data was collected pre-operatively, and post-operatively at six weeks and three months. A total of 32 and 26 patients were included in the two-incision and RCTR groups respectively. At six weeks, the RCTR group showed an increased grip strength (+32.24%) while the two-incision group was weaker (-6.75%). Both groups showed an increased strength at three months, RCTR at 98.4% while the two-incision group was significantly lower at 38.6% increase. Both techniques provided improvement in outcome scores, with no statistical difference. RCTR was associated with a significantly earlier return of grip strength and had better grip strength at six weeks and three months post-operatively. Both techniques provided symptom relief and good functional outcome.
Kinetics and mechanisms of catalyzed and noncatalyzed reactions of OH and NCO in acrylic polyol–1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) polyurethanes. VI

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the kinetics of noncatalyzed and catalyzed polyurethanes. These studies show that for noncatalyzed acrylic polyol–hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) trimer reactions, the reactions between OH and NCO of HDI exhibit second-order kinetics, with first-order kinetics with respect to NCO and OH. On the other hand, when dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is used as a catalyst in acrylic polyol–HDI trimer reactions, the reaction rate is first order with respect to NCO and 0.5 order in OH and DBTDL concentrations. A mechanism for the catalyzed acrylic polyol–HDI trimer crosslinking reactions is proposed and it appears that an equilibrium involving associations between OH and DBTDL exists, resulting in the formation of an active anion, which interacts with NCO to generate polyurethanes. To further verify this mechanism, the influence of acidity on the reaction rate constant was investigated. When the acidity of the system is increased, retardation of urethane formation occurs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2322–2329, 2002
Beyond parens patriae: Building policies and programs to care for our own and others' children

In the last few years numerous reports from diverse and eminent commissions and study groups, as well as several powerful books, have been written with common aims to generate broad support and provide blueprints for major new policies and programs designed to help America's children through new efforts to strengthen their families. Whether driven by desperation at the plight of children due to the family's deterioration and the seeming inability of social service, health and educational institutions to do anything about it, or by optimism from the promising results of multiple, relatively small scale, family oriented interventions, these reports and books call for major changes in the ways institutions and services view and serve families and in the ways they work together to do so. They urge and spell out what a system of family oriented, as opposed to child or bureaucracy oriented, services would look like and, in so doing, they suggest far reaching changes that go beyond simply tinkering with the status quo. They each call for a broader public and institutional commitment to strengthening families so that families, in turn, can better fulfill their critical role in human development and community functioning.
Fermi Surfaces of Acceptor Intercalated Compounds: Evidence Frov Asf 5 -Graphite

We find that the carrier concentration in Stage II AsF5-graphite can be varied over a wide range, f≃.30–.46. By studying the Fermi surfaces vs. f via magnetooscillations, we find that the band parameters are essentially unchanged from pure graphite. Thus suggests that all stage two compounds should display a universal behavior as a function of f, and we adduce evidence of this from the literature. We further begin an analysis of extra oscillation frequencies. In AsF5-graphite, mixing frequencies are probably caused by Fermi-level modulation (Vinter-Overhauser effect), while a low frequency (β) is associated with a superlattice.
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL EXTRACTION OF COTTONSEED COLLETS: CRUDE OIL COMPOSITION

Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is an attractive alternative solvent to hexane for use in vegetable oil extraction. The relative efficiencies of IPA and hexane extractions using both cottonseed collets and flakes were evaluated in terms of product composition. The aqueous IPA extracted crude cottonseed oils from expander pretreated collets were analyzed for their nonacylglycerol compositions. The IPA extraction (88, 93, 95 and 97% IPA) resulted in more free fatty acids in the crude oils than did hexane extraction, and the level of the free fatty acids increased as the IPA concentration increased. The phosphorus content was higher in the IPA-extracted oils compared to those of their hexane-extracted counterparts. The HPLC analysis showed that the IPA extractions increased concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) in the crude cottonseed oils. More sugar and less gossypol were found in IPA-extracted oils and the level of sugar decreased as the IPA concentration increased. The oil extracted with 95% IPA from the expander-produced collets were lower in free fatty acid, sugar, and gossypol than those obtained from the flakes. The amount of phosphorus in the oil extracted from the collets was approximately 45% higher than that from the flakes. The IPA extraction, in combination with expander pretreatment, produced cottonseed meals with free gossypol of 366 ppm, making them suitable for feeding nonruminant animals.
Additional Periodic Variables in NGC 2264

We present results from a second season of monitoring fields in the young cluster NGC 2264 at Van Vleck Observatory. In Paper I of this series, we reported the discovery of nine periodic variables—all interpreted as spotted pre–main-sequence stars. That has now been increased to 31, one of which is quite unusual. The preliminary result reported in Paper I—that the frequency distribution of rotation periods in NGC 2264 is significantly different from what is seen in the Orion Nebula cluster (ONC)—is confirmed. In particular, the distribution peaks at a period of about 4 days, precisely where there is a gap in the ONC distribution. There is also a good number of very rapidly rotating stars and a long tail of slow rotators. The distribution can be understood, at least qualitatively, in terms of a disk-locking model of rotational evolution. In this interpretation, the majority of stars in NGC 2264 must have unlocked from their disks by an age of about 1 million years, and spun up roughly in accordance with conservation of angular momentum. A minority (about 20%) are conserving angular velocity instead (i.e., locked to their disks). The unusual star, 15D, has an apparent period of about 48 days and a light curve indicative of an eclipse by a nonstellar object. Its amplitude exceeds 3 mag. Our fragmentary data suggest a complex structure for the eclipsing body. It could be a feature (protoplanet?) in this star's circumstellar disk and, as such, deserves observational attention.
Low temperature ESR of K2Pt(CN)4Br0.3. 3.2 H2O

Abstract Electron spin resonance has been observed in high purity single crystals of K2Pt(CN)4Br0.3·3.2H2O, (KCP), in the temperature range of 4.22–80 K. Two types of paramagnetic species are found to dominate the spectrum. One of these is an inhomogeneously broadened line showing no resolved hyperfine splitting and having g∥ = 1.946 ± 0.003 and g⊥ = 2.340 ± 0.003. The second paramagnet is identified as a Cu2+ impurity center with g∥ = 2.231 ± 0.003, g⊥ = 2.079 ± 0.002 and hyperfine tensor A∥ = 467 MHz, A⊥ = 70 MHz.
Synthesis and some reactions of bis(triphenylstannyl)carbodiimide, N′-(triphenylstannyl)-N′-tritylcarbodiimide, and (triphenylstannyl)cyanamide

Some methods for preparing bis(triphenylstannyl)carbodiimide (I), N-(triphenylstannyl)-N′-tritylcarbodiimide (II), and (triphenylstannyl)cyanamide are described. (I) was found to react with 1,3-disubstituted thioureas in refluxing acetonitrile or toluene to give bis(triphenyltin) sulfide and the corresponding N,N′-disubstituted-N″-cyanoguanidine. Some evidence for a diorganocarbodiimide intermediate in this reaction was found. The reaction of(I) with thiourea in refluxing acetonitrile was found to give bis(triphenyltin) sulfide,(triphenylstannyl)cyanamide and unchanged thiourea. The reaction of (I) with cyanamide gave (triphenylstannyl)cyanamide. (Triphenylstannyl)cyanamide was found to react with bis(triphenyltin) oxide in refluxing acetonitrile to give (I). (Triphenylstannyl)cyanamide was found to disproportionate in refluxing benzene to give (I) and dicyandiamide. (II) was found to be more hydrolytically stable than (I). The SnN bonds in both (I) and (II) were found to be readily cleaved by acetic acid. It was found that triphenyltin iodide and triphenyltin chloride can be conveniently prepared in good yield by the reaction of bis(triphenyltin) oxide with either calcium iodide or calcium chloride in refiuxing acetonitrile.
Vestibular functioning and migraine: comparing those with and without vertigo to a normal population

Objective: This study compared vestibular functioning in a migrainous vertigo group, a migraine without vertigo group and a control group. It was hypothesised that the migrainous vertigo group would perform worse in tests of vestibular function and gait than the other groups during a non-migrainous period. Methods: Sixty-six participants (22 per group) were assessed using the head shake sensory organisation test, the gaze stabilisation test, the dynamic visual acuity test and the functional gait assessment. Separate analyses of variance and planned pair-wise comparisons (alpha =0.05) were performed. Results: Therewas a difference between the results of the non-migraine group and the two migraine groups for the gaze stabilisation pitch test (p <0.003), in which the control group showed faster head movement. There were also group differences in functional gait (p<0.0001); the control group scored highest and the migrainous vertigo group scored lowest. There were no differences in the vestibular spinal reflex and balance tests. Conclusion: These findings indicate underlying differences in the vestibular ocular reflexes and function of migraine sufferers compared with those who do not suffer migraines, but the difference is most pronounced for those with migrainous vertigo. This suggests that vestibular rehabilitation for migrainous vertigo should focus on vestibular ocular reflexes and functional retraining.
Tests on Salt-Contaminated Insulators in Artificial and Natural Wet Conditions

The results of experimental work on transmission line insulation contamination being performed at General Electric Project UHV are described. A stable steam fog generation system has been developed for use in simulating natural humidity conditions, and its validity has been proved in natural humidity tests conducted in the project's outdoor test area. It is shown that different types of binders, when combined with salt, produce different critical flashover voltages for the same conductivities of binder and salt in solution. Flashover results are presented for a wide range of operating voltages, for contamination and under concentrations and for insulator lengths.
Logan Wright Award: Team Science, Team Care, Team Training, and Team Leadership: My Experience

I worked in a basic science biology laboratory throughout my undergraduate years. But I was not trained in genomics, systems biology, neurophysiology, or modern molecular aspects of medicine. I conducted behavioral intervention studies for my master’s thesis and doctoral dissertation (Powers, Blount, Bachanas, Cotter, & Swan, 1993; Powers & Roberts, 1995). But I did not learn about the phases of clinical trials that are common language in pharmacological studies, data and safety monitoring boards, or what a data coordinating center is or does. I learned to help children and families via delivery of evidence-based care as an intern and fellow. But I was not exposed to the principles of health outcomes research, health care delivery system improvement, epidemiology, or the discipline of informatics and “big data.” It is true that some of these terms and entities did not exist during my training or early career as an assistant professor. In addition, advances in pediatric behavioral medicine, clinical child and adolescent psychology, cognitive and neuroscience, social psychology, among other areas of psychological science have been many since the 1990s. Today, I am not an expert—in fact very much an evolving student—of all of these integral aspects of academic medicine, behavioral neuroscience, and pediatric behavioral medicine. What I do know, and what I try to integrate into my programs of research, I learned from my colleagues. My point is that going forward, excellence in pediatric psychology investigation, clinical care, training, and leadership is a team sport. Team Science is the now, and the future (and it probably has always been a key to successful, high-impact research). It is an honor to be asked to provide commentary as the 2013 Logan Wright Distinguished Research Award recipient. I would like to reflect on the concepts of Team Science, Team Care, Team Training, and Team Leadership. I will discuss my experiences with the application of these principles in the areas of —(1) Programmatic, Integrated Clinical Care and Research; (2) Training and Mentorship; and (3) Administration and Leadership. I will also offer some thoughts about getting started as an early career scientist–practitioner.
Handling multimedia data for mobile computers

Mobile clients have unusual needs for sending and receiving multimedia data. The traditional client/server paradigm does not take into account variable network conditions; thus traditional client/server applications have no capability of responding to intermittent connectivity, changing cost structures, or the kind of fluctuations in available bandwidth which are characteristic of wireless links. Two approaches towards allowing such adaptations are presented for comparison: proxies and modifications to client and server.
Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of alkenes catalyzed by a “chiral wall” prophyrin

The iodorhodium derivative of the “chiral wall” porphyrin is shown to be an extremely active catalyst for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of alkenes by ethyl diazoacetate. Moderate enantioselectivites are observed. The reaction is unusual in that it provides syn cyclopropanes as the major product.
Carotid and vertebral artery blood flow in left‐ and right‐handed healthy subjects measured with MR velocity mapping

The goal of the study was to establish normal carotid artery flow rates in left-handed and right-handed individuals as a standard against which patients with carotid artery disease could be compared. Antegrade and retrograde flow were measured in the ascending aorta, in the right and left common, internal, and external carotid arteries, and in the vertebral arteries of 12 healthy subjects. Five subjects were right-handed, five left-handed, and two ambidextrous. Measured flow rates were as follows: common carotid arteries, 360-557 mL/min (mean [+/- standard deviation], 465 mL/min +/- 52); internal carotid arteries, 132-367 mL/min (mean, 265 mL/min +/- 60); external carotid arteries, 113-309 mL/min (mean, 186 mL/min +/- 51); vertebral arteries from 133-308 mL/min (mean, 244 mL/min +/- 43); and cerebral circulation, 546-931 mL/min (mean, 774 mL/min +/- 134). All right-handed subjects had higher flow rates in the left internal carotid artery than in the right, and all left-handed subjects had higher flow rates in the right internal carotid artery (P = .007). There were no significant differences in left and right common carotid artery flow rates between left- and right-handed subjects. The standard deviation of a single measurement was 5%. The flow rates were similar to those obtained previously with other techniques and could be used as a normal standard.
INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS FROM A MICROSTRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVE: Men Who Mother

This article argues that individuals paradigms have predominated social scientific explanations for gendered behavior in intimate relationships but that a microstructural paradigm adds necessary additional information. The results of a study designed to test the relative strengths of individualist and microstructural explanations for “mothering behavior” are presented. The microstructural hypothesis is that single fathers will adopt parental behavior that more closely resembles that of women who mother than that of married fathers. Parenting behaviors of single fathers, single mothers, married parents with mothers at home, and married two-paycheck couples are compared. Overall, the hypothesis is supported. The article ends with a discussion of the implications of the microstructural perspective for social change in a feminist direction.
Cytopathic Killing of Peripheral Blood CD4+ T Lymphocytes by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Appears Necrotic rather than Apoptotic and Does Not Require env

An important unresolved issue of AIDS pathogenesis is the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced CD4+ T-lymphocyte destruction. We show here that HIV type 1 (HIV-1) exerts a profound cytopathic effect upon peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes that resembles necrosis rather than apoptosis. Necrotic cytopathology was found with both laboratory-adapted strains and primary isolates of HIV-1. We carefully investigated the role of env, which has been previously implicated in HIV cytopathicity. HIV-1 stocks with equivalent infectivity were prepared from constructs with either an intact or mutated env coding region and pseudotyped with the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) so that the HIV envelope was not rate-limiting for infection. Infected Jurkat T cells died whether or not env was intact; however, the expression of env accelerated death significantly. The accelerated death was blocked by protease inhibitors, indicating that it was due to reinfection by newly produced virus in env+ cultures. Accordingly, we found no disparity in kinetics in CD4lo Jurkat cells. In highly infected peripheral blood T cells, profound necrosis occurred equivalently with both env+ and env− stocks of HIV-1. We also found that HIV-1 cytopathicity was undiminished by the absence of nef. However, viral stocks made by complementation or packaging of HIV-1 genomes with the natural protein-coding sequences replaced by the green fluorescent protein were highly infectious but not cytopathic. Thus, env can accelerate cell death chiefly as an entry function, but one or more viral functions other than env or nef is essential for necrosis of CD4+ T cells induced by HIV-1.
Methotrexate and psoriasis in the era of new biologic agents

S ince the mid 1950s, methotrexate has become the gold standard by which other systemic psoriasis medications are measured.1 In addition to psoriasis, methotrexate is used in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, providing early evidence that psoriasis was not purely a keratinocyte disorder. Like the majority of cancer medications, methotrexate is a toxin. To safely prescribe methotrexate, the clinician must have an awareness of the side effects, drug interactions, and leucovorin rescue for overdose. The acute toxicity of methotrexate is well known and published. Methotrexate is eliminated by the kidneys and should be cautiously prescribed to patients with impaired renal function. Some medications, in particular trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, compete with methotrexate for elimination, and if given together may result in toxic levels of methotrexate. Methotrexate has antiproliferative effects and can cause bone-marrow toxicity, stomatitis, gastrointestinal intolerance, fevers, and alopecia. Furthermore, methotrexate is a teratogen and can not be prescribed to women who are pregnant or considering conception, with the exception of certain ectopic pregnancies, in which case methotrexate is given as an abortifacient. Despite the potential dangers of acute toxicity, methotrexate has been safely prescribed to thousands of patients with psoriatic and rheumatoid conditions with great therapeutic benefit. Unfortunately, methotrexate carries with it the stigma of chronic hepatotoxicity.2-5 There is a well-known association between alcohol consumption during methotrexate treatment and resultant liver damage.8 Patients taking methotrexate are, thus, advised not to drink. Despite similar weekly dosing schedules, the hepatotoxic effects are more significant in patients with psoriatic than rheumatoid conditions.6,7 The basis for this observation is not clear. The majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis are women, whereas psoriasis does not have a sex bias. Some have speculated that men, in general, drink more than women and that this may explain why liver damage occurs more often in patients with psoriatic than rheumatoid conditions.
Source localization in a cognitive radio environment consisting of frequency and spatial mobility

Cognitive radio (CR) presents a unique challenge to source localization in that the radio has the ability to adapt to the environment, thus rendering current localization techniques ineffective due to a shifting combination of spatial, frequency, and temporal parameters. For any localization scheme to be effective, it must be able to adapt over time as a CR adapts to its surroundings. In this paper an extended semi range-based localization (ESRB) scheme is proposed to accomplish this task. The proposed scheme estimates the position of a CR using the collaborative spectrum sensing results of a wireless radio frequency sensor network (WSN) in a CR environment. The central idea behind the proposed scheme is to exploit the relationships between spatial, frequency, and temporal parameters of the environment to solve for the position of the CR. The proposed scheme is modeled in the MATLAB programming language, and its efficacy is demonstrated through simulation. It is shown that over time the proposed scheme is capable of estimating the frequency band of operation and the location of a CR, and is thus capable of accounting for both frequency and spatial mobility inherent in the CR environment.
Effective pedagogical principles and practices in teaching software engineering through projects

This paper distills time-tested pedagogical principles and a package of corresponding practices from our experience teaching a project-based course in software engineering to Computer Science undergraduate majors, and from refining the course based upon extensive feedback by students and instructors. Our main contributions are the documentation of key principles that have successfully guided us in structuring, navigating, and evolving the course over the years; the introduction of several novel supporting practices (while adapting others from the literature); and the discovery of the synergistic effect that the proposed package of pedagogical practices creates. The discussion is grounded with data from a large body of comprehensive end-of-term student surveys, post- course instructor retrospectives, and direct instructor observations - all assembled over multiple terms. We hope to offer pragmatic ideas and tools to instructors of software engineering and of similar project-based courses.
Characterization of Lanthanum Zirconate Formation at the A‐Site‐Deficient Strontium‐Doped Lanthanum Manganite Cathode/Yttrium‐Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte Interface of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Lanthanum zirconate (LZO) formation and growth kinetics between 1273–1673 K at the A-site (La, Sr)-deficient Sr-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM)/yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) interface were studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (HRTEM–EDS). A cross-section TEM sample preparation technique was developed using a dual-beam focused ion beam and an in situ Omniprobe manipulator. The LZO pyrochlore phase was identified at the LSM/YSZ interface by TEM. The LZO is epitaxial with respect to the YSZ phase but not to the LSM phase. EDS results coupled with structural analysis suggest that La diffusion is a critical step in LZO formation. This study shows that LZO formation can occur even for A-site-deficient LSM with a La composition of 78 mol% (<86 mol%). The activation energy for LZO formation was found to be 168±8 KJ/mol.
Skyline: an open source document editor for creating and analyzing targeted proteomics experiments

Summary: Skyline is a Windows client application for targeted proteomics method creation and quantitative data analysis. It is open source and freely available for academic and commercial use. The Skyline user interface simplifies the development of mass spectrometer methods and the analysis of data from targeted proteomics experiments performed using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Skyline supports using and creating MS/MS spectral libraries from a wide variety of sources to choose SRM filters and verify results based on previously observed ion trap data. Skyline exports transition lists to and imports the native output files from Agilent, Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific and Waters triple quadrupole instruments, seamlessly connecting mass spectrometer output back to the experimental design document. The fast and compact Skyline file format is easily shared, even for experiments requiring many sample injections. A rich array of graphs displays results and provides powerful tools for inspecting data integrity as data are acquired, helping instrument operators to identify problems early. The Skyline dynamic report designer exports tabular data from the Skyline document model for in-depth analysis with common statistical tools. Availability: Single-click, self-updating web installation is available at http://proteome.gs.washington.edu/software/skyline. This web site also provides access to instructional videos, a support board, an issues list and a link to the source code project.
Earth Stewardship: science for action to sustain the human-earth system

Human activities affect Earth's life support systems so profoundly as to threaten many of the ecological services that are essential to society. To address this challenge, a new science agenda is needed that integrates people with the rest of nature to help chart a more sustainable trajectory for the relationship between society and the biosphere. This paper describes Earth Stewardship, an initiative of the Ecological Society of America to provide the scientific basis for actively shaping trajectories of social-ecological change to enhance ecosystem resilience and human well-being. Principles for moving toward these goals include simultaneous attention to multiple scales and issues; consideration of both ecological and socioeconomic consequences; alignment of incentives with stewardship behavior; strengthening peoples' connections to valued places; and using demographic transitions as new opportunities for stewardship. Past experience provides guidelines for fostering Earth Stewardship. Early attention to sustainable pathways before problems emerge generally provides more cost-effective solutions than attempting to remediate entrenched problems. Defining sustainable pathways by assessing tradeoffs among alternative options requires careful attention to fine-scale processes, interactions, and feedbacks and to larger-scale controls and constraints. Many opportunities occur locally, through development of practices that match the properties of resources with the needs of their users. Substantial challenges remain at larger scales, including maintaining the diversity, productive capacity, and resilience of nature, which are essential for long-term human welfare. The knowledge needed to inform stewardship requires an interdisciplinary science that draws on the observations, skills, and creativity of a wide range of natural and social scientists, practitioners, and civil society. New questions and solutions will emerge when these groups work together to formulate the issues, design the research, and co-produce the observations, knowledge, and concepts that form the basis for solutions. The goal of Earth Stewardship is not to protect nature from people; rather it is to protect nature for human welfare.
Notch Directly Regulates Gata3 Expression during T Helper 2 Cell Differentiation

Notch signaling plays multiple roles to direct diverse decisions regarding cell fate during T cell development. During helper T (Th) cell differentiation, Notch is involved in generating optimal Th2 cell responses. Here, we present data investigating how Notch mediates Th2 cell differentiation. Notch showed a CD4(+) T cell intrinsic role in promoting IL-4 expression that required GATA-3. In the absence of Notch signals, Gata3 expression was markedly diminished. Introduction of an activated allele of Notch1 into CD4(+) T cells led to the specific and direct upregulation of a developmentally regulated Gata3 transcript that included the exon 1a sequences. Furthermore, Notch acted in parallel with GATA-3 to synergistically activate IL-4 expression. Together, these data implicate Gata3 as a direct transcriptional Notch target that acts in concert with Notch signaling to generate optimal Th2 cell responses.
Disgust and Moral Taboos

Disgust is not a pleasant subject. It is perhaps partly for this reason that it has not been much discussed in philosophical literature, or, indeed anywhere else. Disgust has considerable moral significance however, and appreciating its significance will illuminate the present state of our morality. One may be led to this view by reflecting on several recent works on pollution. The pollution in question, of course, is not of the air, soil, or water, but that of people who have violated moral taboos of their society'.
Narratives of Immigration and National Identity: Findings from a Discourse Analysis of German and U.S. Social Studies Textbooks

Following the tradition of discourse analysis, this article examines representations of two narratives of immigration in U.S. and German social studies textbooks: the ideas of the United States as a nation of immigrants and of Germany as a (non-)immigration country. Textbooks are of particular importance in this regard, as they contain one of the few quasi-official formulations of national self-understandings. Among the most crucial findings is that in Germany, the country's decade-old self-denial of its status as a country of immigration is no longer a tenable official position, but, at the same time, the conscious self-identification as an immigration country has not yet profoundly reshaped German national identity. In the United States, on the other hand, the cliched self-designation as a ‘nation of immigrants’ has not lost its appeal as a rhetorical device and grand narrative of national history, but seems increasingly anachronistic with regard to the country's broader immigration discourse.