cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The presentation and management of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis) in the pediatric airway.

Objective Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a necrotizing inflammatory disease that can affect the airway. The purpose of this study was to present a case of pediatric laryngotracheal GPA and provide management recommendations based on a thorough review of the literature. Data Sources Retrospective chart and literature review Review Methods A pediatric patient with laryngotracheal and pulmonary manifestations of GPA who underwent chemotherapy and intralesional corticosteroid injection is described. An extensive literature review of pediatric GPA affecting the larynx/trachea was also performed. Results A pediatric patient presented with acute respiratory distress. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed a laryngeal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging showed circumferential subglottic stenosis, and chest computed tomography demonstrated multiple pulmonary nodules. Laryngeal and tracheal biopsy revealed granulation tissue and primary vasculitis. Labs demonstrated positive cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, consistent with GPA. Methylprednisone, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and intralesional steroid injection resulted in remission after 12 weeks. Review of the literature revealed two pediatric cases series and 10 case reports of GPA affecting the larynx or trachea. Conclusions There is a higher prevalence of GPA of the airway in children when compared to adults. Biopsy of the airway lesion may not be necessary and has lower diagnostic yield compared to other GPA subsites. Medical management includes induction therapy followed by maintenance therapy once the disease is in remission. Most patients will require a surgical intervention to maintain the airway. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 2016
Parameter Optimization of Excitation System for Hydropower Station

Because there is a time lag among power grid construction, power sources construction, and load development, the existing power grid structure and regional power consumption load may not meet the demands of outward power transmission by some new large-scale power plants. In order to solve this problem, a parameters optimization scheme of power system stabilizer (PSS) was presented. Based on the comprehensive consideration of the grid demands and generator stability, the frequency characteristic of PSS has been improved through adding a lead-lag link in compensation section, founding out the oscillation mode which restricted the ability of power transmission, as well as particularly implementing phase compensation for unit s excitation system under this oscillation mode. The optimized PSS has better frequency characteristic and larger gain. Through time-domain simulation and field testing, it has been verified that the ultimate power during the station starting up process can be increased from 1 765 MW to 2 900 MW in the wet season in 2010 summer, based on the power system analysis software package (PSASP). The research results show that parameters optimization of grid-connected units PSS can improve the dynamic stability level of system and enhance the capacity of power transmission .
Bladder outlet obstruction due to pelvic lipoma: computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and radiographic evaluation.

Abstract: We report an unusual case of long-standing bladder outlet obstruction due to pelvic lipoma in a 31-year-old white man. The mass was evaluated by plain film, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The differential diagnosis of fat-containing extraperitoneal pelvic masses is discussed.
Effect of tamoxifen on regulation of viral replication and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat-directed transcription in cells chronically infected with HIV-1

The protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was used to upregulate viral replication in a clone of promonocytic cells chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. Induction of virus could be inhibited by the triphenylethylene anti- estrogen tamoxifen at concentrations that had minimal effects on cellular DNA synthetic responses and cell cycle kinetics. This effect correlated with tamoxifen's ability to block PMA-mediated enhancement of HIV-promoter-driven transactivation in cells of monocyte and CD4+ T- lymphocyte lineages. No interference with a primary infection was noted. Tamoxifen's mechanism of action may relate both to its capacity to inhibit PKC and to consensus sequences for gonadal steroid responsive elements in the HIV long terminal repeat, as it was able to partially inhibit another HIV activator, 5-azacytidine, which does not modulate PKC function. The finding that regulation of HIV in a model for low-level chronic or latent infection is amenable to a nonimmunosuppressive steroid antagonist may suggest approaches to pharmacologic intervention early in HIV infection.
Bridging the Gap: Taxonomists and Food Mycologists

The selection of certain groups, or species of Penicillium and Aspergillus for research using gene manipulation to develop strains capable of producing increased quantities of primary or secondary metabolites for use in food processing would undoubtedly be made easier with knowledge of innate metabolic growth and morphological characteristics of the fungi. These characteristics, of course, are among the major factors considered when classifying Penicillium and Aspergillus. Knowledge of taxonomic schemes would also be beneficial to industrial food mycologists responsible for producing highquality foods requiring metabolic by-products or fermentation actvities of these genera. Examples of these include certain cheeses, soy sauces and fermented beverages. The objective of this paper will be to identify more clearly potential benefits which can be derived from increased mutual understanding of food mycology and taxonomy as they relate to food processing and preservation.
Raw materials case histories.

This paper describes three case studies involving the handling of raw materials. One case study deals with animal-derived materials. The other two case studies demonstrate the need to also focus on raw materials with regard to recombinant bacterial–derived products.
Cleanliness and Fitness: The Role of the Racial Other in Conceptions of Health

Much has been written about D. H. Lawrence and the body, for this is the subject with which he is most commonly associated: the instinctual body, the sexual body. Lawrence’s advocacy of the ‘blood’, which he expressed early and often, was a reaction to what he saw as an overem- phasis on the mind and the intellect. (He also expressed this situation as the overbalance of the sensual by the spiritual, or emotion by reason, or nature by industrialization.) As he said of Lady Chatterley’s Lover, that novel concerns ‘the phallic consciousness versus the mental spiritual consciousness.. .. The versus is not my fault: there should be no versus. The two things must be reconciled in us’ (6L 340). This chapter focuses on two other sets of dichotomies, not unrelated to Lawrence’s ‘two things’: the literal embodiment of identity in the human body as that body exhibits dirt or cleanliness, weakness or vigor. It deals with the body as a social construct, because fashions of the day and the culture dictate how we should take care of our bodies as much as they determine how we should dress. The body is thus a text to be interpreted for its ‘symbolic meaning’, to use Lawrence’s phrase about the underlying significance of the American classics (SCAL 169). Lawrence’s own texts reveal his abiding interest in matters of health, no doubt stemming in part from his own medical issues and childhood training along with the influence of cultural norms. In his customary manner, he accepted some of his society’s notions and rejected others; but always he provides insights into the role of the racial other in the formulation of ideals of the healthy body.
Arthroscopic Femoral Osteochondroplasty for Cam-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement: The Trough Technique

Arthroscopic osteochondroplasty has become the most common treatment for cam-type femoroacetabular impingement. However, gauging the appropriate depth and location of the femoral osteochondroplasty remains challenging, given the parallax observed from using a 70° arthroscope across multiple viewing perspectives. Consequently, reliable techniques must use a combination of arthroscopic and fluoroscopic checks and balances to assess the femoral head-neck junction to help guide bony resection. We have developed a technique for osteochondroplasty that has made the process more efficient and reliable in our hands. It involves creating a trough at the apex of the osteochondroplasty and then contouring the proximal and distal regions to re-create normal proximal femoral geometry. This article details our technique for femoral osteochondroplasty, which can be performed alone for isolated cam impingement or in concert with other intra- and extra-articular procedures to address associated hip pathology.
Nonconvulsive Status and Ring Chromosome 20

Six cases of epilepsy and ring chromosome 20 are reported and 20 additional cases in the literature are reviewed from the National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Higashi Hospital, Japan.
Probing Self Assembly in Biological Mixed Colloids by Sans, Deuteration, and Molecular Manipulation

Small-angle neutron scattering was used to obtain information on the form and molecular arrangement of particles in mixed colloids of bile salts with phosphatidylcholine, and bile salts with monoolein. Both types of systems showed the same general characteristics. The particle form was highly dependent on total lipid concentration. At the highest concentrations the particles were globular mixed micelles with an overall size of 50A. As the concentration was reduced the mixed micelles elongated, becoming rodlike with diameter about 50A. The rods had a radial core-shell structure in which the phosphatidylcholine or monoolein fatty tails were arranged radially to form the core with the headgroups pointing outward to form the shell. The bile salts were at the interface between the shell and core with the hydrophilic parts facing outward as part of the shell. The lengths of the rods increased and became more polydispersed with dilution. At sufficiently low concentrations the mixed micelles transformed into single bilayer vesicles. These results give insight on the physiological function of bile and on the rules governing the self assembly of bile particles in the hepatic duct and the small intestine.
Stereoelectronic Effects in Cl2 Elimination from Binuclear Pt(III) Complexes.

Halogen photoelimination is the critical energy-storing step of metal-catalyzed HX-splitting photocycles. Homo- and heterobimetallic Pt(III) complexes display among the highest quantum efficiencies for halogen elimination reactions. Herein, we examine in detail the mechanism and energetics of halogen elimination from a family of binuclear Pt(III) complexes featuring meridionally coordinated Pt(III) trichlorides. Transient absorption spectroscopy, steady-state photocrystallography, and far-infrared vibrational spectroscopy suggest a halogen elimination mechanism that proceeds via two sequential halogen-atom-extrusion steps. Solution-phase calorimetry experiments of the meridional complexes have defined the thermodynamics of halogen elimination, which show a decrease in the photoelimination quantum efficiency with an increase in the thermochemically defined Pt–X bond strength. Conversely, when compared to an isomeric facial Pt(III) trichloride, a much more efficient photoelimination is observed for the fac ...
Bad big data science

As hardware and software technologies have improved, our definition of a “manageable amount of data” has increased in its scope dramatically. The term “big data” can be applied to any of several different projects and technologies sharing the ultimate goal of supporting analysis on these large, heterogeneous, and evolving data sets. The term “data science” refers to the statistical, technical, and domain-specific knowledge required to ensure that the analysis is done properly. Techniques for managing some common causes for bad data and invalid analysis have been used in other areas, such as data warehousing and distributed database. However, big data projects face special challenges when trying to combine big data and data science without producing inaccurate, misleading, or invalid results. This paper discusses potential causes for “bad big data science”, focusing primarily on the data quality of the input data, and suggests methods for minimizing them based on techniques originally developed for data warehousing and distributed database projects.
Adjuvant Antithrombotic Therapy in TAVR

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has developed into an important alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Adjuvant antithrombotic therapies are commonly used during and after TAVR to decrease the risk of valve thrombosis and thromboembolic cerebrovascular events (CVEs) but consequently increase the risk of bleeding. This article reviews the past and current clinical data regarding adjuvant antithrombotic therapies in TAVR. Cerebrovascular and bleeding events during and after TAVR are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor, has been shown to be safe alternative to unfractionated heparin (UFH) as procedural anticoagulation during TAVR; however, sparse evidence exists to guide use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies in patients after TAVR. Multiple studies comparing different antithrombotic regimens in the post-TAVR setting are currently underway. Current guidelines recommend intra-procedural anticoagulation with UFH for during TAVR and with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after TAVR. There is a need to better understand the role of adjuvant antithrombotic therapies in TAVR. The results of ongoing studies are needed to develop evidence-based guidance for the use of adjuvant antithrombotic therapies after TAVR.
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Sildenafil and Vardenafil Reduce Zebrafish Rod Photoreceptor Outer Segment Shedding.

Purpose The vertebrate rod photoreceptor undergoes daily growth and shedding to renew the rod outer segment (ROS), a modified cilium that contains the phototransduction machinery. It has been demonstrated that ROS shedding is regulated by the light-dark cycle; however, we do not yet have a satisfactory understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this regulation. Given that phototransduction relies on the hydrolysis of cGMP via phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6), we examined ROS growth and shedding in zebrafish treated with cGMP-specific PDE inhibitors. Methods We used transgenic zebrafish that express an inducible, transmembrane-bound mCherry protein, which forms a stripe in the ROS following a heat shock pulse and serves as a marker of ROS renewal. Zebrafish were reared in constant darkness or treated with PDE inhibitors following heat shock. Measurements of growth and shedding were analyzed in confocal z-stacks collected from treated retinas. Results As in dark-reared zebrafish, shedding was reduced in larvae and adults treated with the PDE5/6 inhibitors sildenafil and vardenafil but not with the PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil. In addition, vardenafil noticeably affected rod inner segment morphology. The inhibitory effect of sildenafil on shedding was reversible with drug removal. Finally, cones were more sensitive than rods to the toxic effects of sildenafil and vardenafil. Conclusions We show that pharmacologic inhibition of PDE6 mimics the inhibition of shedding by prolonged constant darkness. The data show that the influence of the light-dark cycle on ROS renewal is regulated, in part, by initiating the shedding process through activation of the phototransduction machinery.
On A Priori Estimates for Rough PDEs

In this note, we present a new and simple method which allows to get a priori bounds on rough partial differential equations. The technique is based on a weak formulation of the equation and a rough version of Gronwall’s lemma. The method is presented on a simple linear example, but might be generalized to a wide number of situations.
Endovascular Management of Multiple Dysplastic Aneurysms in a Young Man with an Unknown Underlying Cause: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background Intracranial aneurysms are the leading cause of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and are most commonly associated with the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and anterior communicating artery complex. We describe the presentation and management of a 27-year-old man with concurrent bilateral A1-2 junction aneurysms and fusiform intraorbital ophthalmic artery (OA) aneurysms. Case Description A 27-year-old man with no past medical history presented with 3 months of headaches. Imaging showed a large dysplastic left A1-2 junction aneurysm and a smaller saccular right A1-2 junction aneurysm, with potentially adherent domes. Two fusiform aneurysms of the intraorbital segment of the left OA were also identified. The patient underwent coil-assisted pipeline embolization of the left A1-A2 aneurysm, with complete obliteration and reconstitution of the normal parent vessel. The patient underwent coil embolization of the right A1-2 aneurysm 3 weeks later, which was found to have grown significantly at the time of treatment. Three-month follow-up showed spontaneous resolution of the OA aneurysms, persistent obliteration of the left aneurysm, and significant recurrence of the right aneurysm, which was treated with stent-assisted coil embolization. A second recurrence 3 months later was successfully treated with repeat coiling. At the time of this treatment, the patient was also found to have 2 de novo distal middle cerebral artery and ACA dysplastic aneurysms, which were not treated. Follow-up angiography 6 weeks later showed stable complete obliteration of the right A1-2 aneurysm and interval complete resolution of the dysplastic middle cerebral artery aneurysm. The distal ACA aneurysm was observed to have minimally increased in size; however, the parent vessel showed signs of interval partial thrombosis with contrast stasis within the aneurysm. This final aneurysm is being followed with serial imaging. The patient remains neurologically intact with complete resolution of his headaches. Conclusions We report the case of a young man with no past medical history who presented with multiple dysplastic aneurysms. Successful staged endovascular intervention resulted in obliteration of aneurysms with spontaneous obliteration of the intraorbital OA aneurysms observed at 3 months. We present this case to review the multiple challenges of managing complex ACA aneurysms and to highlight the usefulness of endovascular intervention in their treatment.
Through a Glass Darkly: The Past, Present, and Future of Turkish Foreign Policy

As the world order has been passing through major changes, Turkey tries to find a compass that will fulfill its foreign policy goals in a manner commensurate with its emergent stature as an important sovereign state with major engagements in the Middle East, Europe, and increasingly, with the rest of the world. The electoral dominance of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) since 2002 has supported the expansion of Turkish foreign policy ambitions and provided a continuity of leadership. This chapter will first consider three major developments, namely increasing fluidity of alignments, personalist leaderships and ambitious foreign policy agendas, and changing structural order at the global level, as well as briefly assess specific dimensions of Turkey’s evolving relationship with the United States, Europe, Russia, China, and the Middle East.
Addressing Parents' Vaccine Concerns: A Randomized Trial of a Social Media Intervention

Introduction Successful strategies are needed to address parental vaccine hesitancy, a significant public health issue. The study objective was to assess whether an Internet-based platform with vaccine information and interactive social media components improved parents’ vaccine-related attitudes. Study design A three-arm RCT. Setting/participants The study was conducted in a large Colorado integrated healthcare organization. Parents were enrolled during September 2013 through October 2015 and followed through November 2016; data were analyzed in 2017. Parents, recruited during pregnancy, were given a survey about vaccine-related attitudes at enrollment (i.e., baseline) and when their child was aged 3–5 months and 12–15 months (Timepoints 1 and 2, respectively). Parental vaccine hesitancy was assessed at baseline. Intervention Study participants were randomized to the following: a study website with vaccine information and social media components (VSM arm); a website with vaccine information only (VI); or usual care. Main outcome measures Change in parental vaccine attitudes over time by baseline degree of vaccine hesitancy. Results Among 1,093 study participants, 945 (86.5%) completed all three surveys. Comparing baseline with Timepoint 1 among vaccine-hesitant parents, the VSM and VI arms were associated with significant improvements in attitudes regarding vaccination benefits compared to usual care (VSM mean change 0.23 on a 5-point scale, 95% CI=0.05, 0.40, VI mean change 0.22, 95% CI=0.04, 0.40). Comparing baseline with Timepoint 2 among hesitant parents, the VSM and VI arms were also associated with significant reductions in parental concerns about vaccination risks compared to usual care (VSM mean change –0.37, 95% CI= –0.60, –0.14, VI mean change –0.31, 95% CI= –0.55, –0.07). Self-efficacy around vaccine decision making also improved among vaccine-hesitant parents. No intervention effect was observed among parents not vaccine-hesitant at baseline. Conclusions Among vaccine-hesitant parents, an Internet-based intervention improved parents’ attitudes about vaccines. Trial registration This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01873040.
Metadata Capital: Automating Metadata Workflows in the NIEHS Viral Vector Core Laboratory

This paper presents research examining metadata capital in the context of the Viral Vector Core Laboratory at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). Methods include collaborative workflow modeling and a metadata analysis. Models of the laboratory’s workflow and metadata activity are generated to identify potential opportunities for defining microservices that may be supported by iRODS rules. Generic iRODS rules are also shared along with images of the iRODS prototype. The discussion includes an exploration of a modified capital sigma equation to understand metadata as an asset. The work aims to raise awareness of metadata as an asset and to incentivize investment in metadata R&D.
Nongenomic Functions of STAT3

STAT3 was discovered as a transcription factor activated during inflammatory cytokine signaling, largely through the action of cytokines that utilize receptors that engage the gp130 signal transducer. While the paradigm of receptor-dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 has explained many of the biological activities ascribed to this protein, additional functions have been discovered in recent years. These functions involve actions of STAT3 outside the nucleus and do not rely on its ability to interact with chromatin and trigger gene expression. Nongenomic functions of STAT3 include action in the cell cytoplasm and in mitochondria, where it impacts metabolic activities involved in a diverse set of cell functions, including malignant transformation.
Controversies and Techniques in the Repair of Abdominal Wall Hernias

Abdominal wall hernia repair is one of the most common operations done by general surgeons today. Patients with incisional hernias can be extremely challenging to manage due to a number of factors that include obesity, prior hernia repairs, previous mesh placement, loss of domain, and other variables. The approach to patients with incisional hernias has evolved considerably over the last 20 years due to both advances in mesh technology and surgical approaches. Key factors in a successful outcome include modification of risk factors prior to surgery such as smoking cessation and weight reduction, selection of mesh appropriate to the hernia type and planned location of the mesh, and broad overlap of mesh beyond the margins of the hernia defect. Newer techniques such as transabdominis release and component separation with retrorectus mesh placement and robotic approaches to abdominal wall hernia are being increasingly utilized in these patients. This article reviews these aspects of abdominal wall hernia repair with a discussion of recent results and the importance of quality improvement and monitoring of outcomes.
Immune-Mediated Systemic Vasculitis as the Proposed Cause of Sudden-Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss following Lassa Virus Exposure in Cynomolgus Macaques.

ABSTRACT Lassa virus (LASV) causes a severe, often fatal hemorrhagic disease in regions in Africa where the disease is endemic, and approximately 30% of patients develop sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss after recovering from acute disease. The causal mechanism of hearing loss in LASV-infected patients remains elusive. Here, we report findings after closely examining the chronic disease experienced by surviving macaques assigned to LASV exposure control groups in two different studies. All nonhuman primates (NHPs) developed typical signs and symptoms of Lassa fever, and seven succumbed during the acute phase of disease. Three NHPs survived beyond the acute phase and became chronically ill but survived to the study endpoint, 45 days postexposure. All three of these survivors displayed continuous disease symptoms, and apparent hearing loss was observed using daily subjective measurements, including response to auditory stimulation and tuning fork tests. Objective measurements of profound unilateral or bilateral sensorineural hearing loss were confirmed for two of the survivors by brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) analysis. Histologic examination of inner ear structures and other tissues revealed the presence of severe vascular lesions consistent with systemic vasculitides. These systemic immune-mediated vascular disorders have been associated with sudden hearing loss. Other vascular-specific damage was also observed to be present in many of the sampled tissues, and we were able to identify persistent virus in the perivascular tissues in the brain tissue of survivors. Serological analyses of two of the three survivors revealed the presence of autoimmune disease markers. Our findings point toward an immune-mediated etiology for Lassa fever-associated sudden-onset hearing loss and lay the foundation for developing potential therapies to prevent and/or cure Lassa fever-associated sudden-onset hearing loss. IMPORTANCE Lassa virus is one of the most common causes of viral hemorrhagic fever. A frequent, but as yet unexplained, consequence of infection with Lassa virus is acute, sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss in one or both ears. Deafness is observed in approximately 30% of surviving Lassa fever patients, an attack rate that is approximately 300% higher than mumps virus infection, which was previously thought to be the most common cause of virus-induced deafness. Here, we provide evidence from Lassa virus-infected cynomolgus macaques implicating an immune-mediated vasculitis syndrome underlying the pathology of Lassa fever-associated deafness. These findings could change the way human Lassa fever patients are medically managed in order to prevent deafness by including diagnostic monitoring of human survivors for onset of vasculitides via available imaging methods and/or other diagnostic markers of immune-mediated vascular disease.
Atmospheric Effects of the Emerging Mainland Chinese Transportation System at and Beyond the Regional Scale

Local surface travel needs in the People‘s Republic of China (mainlandChina) have traditionally been met largely by nonpolluting bicycles. A majorautomobile manufacturing/importing effort has begun in the country over thelast decade, and planning documents indicate that the Chinese may strive toacquire more than 100 million vehicles early in the next century. By analogywith large automotive fleets already existing in the western world, bothregional and global scale pollution effects are to be expected from theincrease. The present work adopts the latest projections of Chinese automobilemanufacture and performs some quantitative assessments of the extent ofpollution generation.Focus for the investigation is placed upon the oxidant ozone. Emissions of theprecursor species nitrogen oxides and volatile organics are constructed basedon data for the current automotive sector in the eastern portion of the UnitedStates. Ozone production is first estimated from measured values forcontinental/oceanic scale yields relative to precursor oxidation. Theestimates are then corroborated through idealized two dimensional modeling ofthe photochemistry taking place in springtime air flow off the Asian land massand toward the Pacific Ocean. The projected fleet sizes could increase coastaland remote oceanic ozone concentrations by tens of parts per billion (ppb)in the lower troposphere. Influences on the tropospheric aerosol system andon the major greenhouse gas carbon dioxide are treated peripherally. Nitrogenoxides created during the vehicular internal combustion process willcontribute to nitrate pollution levels measured in the open Pacific. Thepotential for soot and fugitive dust increases should be considered as theautomotive infrastructure develops. Since the emerging Chinese automotivetransportation system will represent a substantial addition to the globalfleet and all the carbon in gasoline is eventually oxidized completely, asignificant rise in global carbon dioxide inputs will ensue as well.Some policy issues are treated preliminary. The assumption is made thatalterations to regional oxidant/aerosol systems and to terrestrial climate areconceivable. The likelihood that the Chinese can achieve the latest vehiclefleet goals is discussed, from the points of view of new production, positivepollution feedbacks from a growing automobile industry, and known petroleumreserves. Vehicular fuel and maintenance options lying before the Chinese areoutlines and compared. To provide some perspective on the magnitude of theenvironmental changes associated with an Asian automotive buildup, recentestimates of the effects of future air traffic over the Pacific Rim aredescribed.
Social Networks of Substance-Using Populations: Key Issues and Promising New Approaches for HIV

This paper presents recent literature on substance using networks and HIV, highlighting renewed and emerging themes in the field. The goal is to draw attention to research that holds considerable promise for advancing our understanding of the role of networks in shaping behaviors, while also providing critical information for the development of interventions, programs, and policies to reduce HIV and other drug-related harms. Recent research advances our understanding of networks and HIV, including among understudied populations, and provides new insight into how risk environments shape the networks and health of substance-using populations. In particular, the integration of network approaches with molecular epidemiology, research on space and place, and intervention methods provides exciting new avenues of investigation. Continued advances in network research are critical to supporting the health and rights of substance-using populations and ensuring the development of high-impact HIV programs and policies.
Leadership Lessons: Developing Mentoring Infrastructure for GEMSSTAR Scholars

Through the National Institute on Aging's (NIA's) "Grants for Early Medical/Surgical Specialists" Transition to Aging Research (GEMSSTAR) U13 grant, the NIA and the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) developed three transdisciplinary research conferences with a focus on mentoring and leadership skills development. The NIA's GEMSSTAR program evolved from two earlier programs, the AGS' Dennis W. Jahnigen and the Association of Specialty Professors' T. Franklin Williams Career Development Scholars Awards. It supports the continued cultivation of the next generation of medical and surgical specialty researchers with an interest in aging research. The award requires both geriatrics and specialty mentoring and currently provides up to $150,000 a year in direct support to scholars. Additionally, the award requires that scholars have a professional development plan that is complementary to the GEMSSTAR award. The U13 conferences, focused on frailty, models of aging, and cognition, brought together GEMSSTAR scholars, former scholars, innovators, mentors, and leaders in aging research, the specialties, and geriatric medicine. This article describes the themes of each of the GEMSSTAR U13 conferences and highlights the lessons learned on mentoring, team science, aging research networks, and work-life balance. We plan to use these lessons to guide the support we provide to the growing group of emerging leaders who are poised to lead the transdisciplinary research network of the future. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:650-656, 2019.
Chondroblastoma of the Femoral Head: A Case Series and Literature Review

Chondroblastoma is a rare bone tumor predominantly affecting patients during the first and second decades of life. The purpose of this case series is to assist clinicians in establishing a proper diagnosis and treatment method for patients presenting with chondroblastoma of the femoral head. Symptoms of this tumor in the hip joint can be nonspecific, resulting in the critical delay of a proper diagnosis. Due to the aggressive nature of this tumor, an early diagnosis is vital to prevent significant local bone destruction and the potential loss of a mobile hip. The authors present a series of three adolescent patients treated by the primary investigator between 2014 and 2017 for chondroblastoma of the femoral head to help illustrate several diagnostic and treatment principles and considerations for clinicians. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score at the latest follow-up was 26 points (range: 25–27). No local recurrence was reported in any patient and all individuals have returned to preoperative function, and are participating in daily activities and sports.
Substrate-induced suppression of charge density wave phase in monolayer 1 H − TaS 2 on Au(111)

Recent experiments have found that monolayer $1H\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$ grown on Au(111) lacks the charge density wave (CDW) instability exhibited by bulk $2H\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$. Additionally, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements suggest that the monolayer becomes strongly electron doped by the substrate. While density functional theory (DFT) calculations have shown that electron doping can suppress the CDW instability in monolayer $1H\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$, it has been suggested that the actual charge transfer from the substrate may be much smaller than the apparent doping deduced from photoemission data. We present DFT calculations of monolayer $1H\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$ on Au(111) to explore substrate effects beyond doping. We find that the CDW instability is suppressed primarily by strong S-Au interactions rather than by doping. The S-Au interaction results in a structural distortion of the ${\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$ monolayer characterized by both lateral and out-of-plane atomic displacements and a $7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ periodicity dictated by the commensurate interface with Au. Simulated STM images of this $7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ distorted structure are consistent with experimental STM images. In contrast, we find a robust $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3$ CDW phase in monolayer $1H\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$ on a graphene substrate with which there is minimal interaction.
Reactions of Trimethylsilyl Dienol Ethers with Palladium(II) Salts: Formation of Formyl-Substituted η3-Allylpalladium Complexes and 4-Acyloxy-2-Alkenals

Reaction of acyclic 1-(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-dienes with bis(acetonitrile)palladium dichloride, in benzene, affords formyl-substituted η3-allylpalladium complexes in good to excellent yield. In contrast, using palladium diacetate as the palladium(II) source produces 4-acetyloxy-substituted 2-alkenals. Excellent stereoselection in favor of the E-alkenal is usually observed. The corresponding benzoic acid esters can be prepared, with similar stereoselection, using 1-(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-dienes and palladium diacetate in the presence of an excess sodium benzoate.
A "Sense"-ational HPV Vaccination Quality Improvement Project in a Family Medicine Residency Practice.

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake for adolescents and young adults in the United States remains far from national goals. Using a multi-component intervention aligned with community-wide efforts, we implemented a quality improvement project to increase HPV vaccinations among 9-26 year-old male and female patients in an urban, low income, minority population family medicine residency practice. Methods The pre-intervention year was November 2, 2014 to October 31, 2015 and the intervention year was November 1, 2015 to October 31, 2016. Based on community input and published literature, the interventions were creative, practice-specific provider-, patient-, and system-level strategies. To compare pre- and post-intervention vaccinations, HPV vaccination data were extracted from an electronic medical record request for age-eligible patients seen in the practice during the intervention year. Chi-square, McNemar’s and 2-tailed, 2-sample Z tests were used to test differences in vaccination initiation (≥1 dose) and completion (3 doses) across groups and over time. Results Despite high pre-intervention rates (58% and 75%), HPV vaccine initiation significantly increased 12.8 percentage points (PP) for males and 10.6 PP for females from pre- to post-intervention (P Conclusions Consistent and abundant positive HPV vaccination messaging, low-cost sensory rewards, process change, and community, clinician, and nonclinical staff engagement were associated with higher HPV vaccine initiation and completion, especially among young adults.
Understanding the Relationships between Demand for Shared Ride Modes: Case Study using Open Data from New York City:

The concept of shared travel, making trips with other users via a common vehicle, is far from novel. However, a changing technological climate has laid the tracks for new dynamically shared modes i...
Senescence: The Genetics behind Stay-Green Corn.

Senescence results from two ineluctable laws of nature: every living entity will eventually die, and when it does, nothing will be lost, as everything will be recycled. At the organism level, senescence is an integral part of the plant life cycle, under strict age-dependent genetic control. This
Big data and algorithmic trading against periodic and tangible asset reporting: The need for U-XBRL

Abstract The gradual but marked decline in the correspondence between aggregated accounting numbers and market valuations, such as stock returns, is a well-documented phenomenon in the research literature (Lev and Zarowin, 1999). Rapid advances in technology have paved the way for the collection of unprecedented volumes of data. Currently, the slow speed of information dissemination, laggard accounting systems, and a focus on high levels of aggregation are perhaps the largest contributors to waning relevance of financial reporting. The fight for trading superiority is leading users to seek relevant data elsewhere and may contribute to these observed effects. This paper proposes an accounting system known as User XBRL (U-XBRL) designed to overcome these issues. This system collects, analyzes, and displays information in such a way that caters to the speed, detail, and customization demands of modern-day stakeholders (Krahel and Titera, 2015). U-XBRL amalgamates all types of data pertinent to a business, including both internal company data and exogenous source data. Each piece of data is assigned to a firm resource according to the resource-based view. Then, U-XBRL standardizes the information according to data standards and feeds it to a central repository. This repository is primarily organized through XBRL tags and is governed secondarily by other standards and taxonomies. A number of applications can be used individually to select data from the repository for analysis. Using U-XBRL the recognition, monitoring, and assurance of resources are streamlined.
Addressing Cultural Challenges to Doing Business in a Global Marketplace

Cultural, subcultural, and generational bias and blindness hinder business expansion and production in areas with cultural asymmetry. It is a common misconception that everyone thinks alike and shares the same values, expectations, and desires. Cultures, those collections of customs, practices, social artifacts, beliefs, expectations, values, symbols, and superstitions, tend to be unique, as are subcultures within a larger national culture. Add to this complexity differences in generational perceptions and expectations, and it is clear that understanding and appreciating a culture or subculture is extremely subjective, requiring time to develop a sense of how best to communicate with and manage on a global scale. This chapter identifies key aspects of adapting business practices and marketing strategies in areas with cultural asymmetry, leveraging local managers familiar with local cultures and those of the business wishing to expand into that area. More than a need to accurately translate words into understandable concepts, these cultural interpreters need to stress the need to understand, on a fundamental level, the cultures, subcultures, and markets into which the business wants to expand. This chapter provides insights on how best to accomplish these ends.
Ammonia line strengths and N2-, O2-, Ar-, He-, and self-broadening coefficients in the v2 band near 10.4 µm

Abstract Scanning-wavelength laser absorption measurements were carried out to determine the line strengths and broadening coefficients due to collisions of N2, O2, Ar, He, and NH3 for 12 ammonia transitions in the Q-branch of the v2 fundamental band near 10.4 µm. The measurements were conducted at 296 K using a high-resolution quantum cascade laser and span the frequency range of 957.5–963.0 cm−1. The absorption features were fitted with a Voigt profile to obtain the spectroscopic parameters. The temperature-dependence of the Ar-broadening coefficients for two transitions, suitable for high-temperature NH3 detection, were measured using a shock tube for the temperature range of 921–1767 K. The reported spectroscopic parameters are useful for developing NH3 detection sensors, especially for high-temperature applications involving chemical reactions.
A Family-Based Healthy Lifestyle Intervention: Crossover Effects on Substance Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors.

This study examined the efficacy of a healthy lifestyle family-based intervention in reducing substance use and sexual risk behaviors compared with prevention as usual over 24 months in Hispanic adolescents. Participants were overweight/obese Hispanic adolescents (N = 280; M age 13.01; SD = .82) in the 7th/8th grade and their primary caregivers. Participants were randomized to either the healthy lifestyle family-based intervention or to the control condition (i.e., referral to community services offered for overweight and/or obese adolescents and their families). Outcomes included adolescent substance use and sexual risk behaviors among adolescents. Intervention effects were found for adolescent alcohol (b = − 0.37, 95% CI = [− 0.49, − 0.26]), marijuana (b = − 1.00, CI = [− 1.22, − 0.78]), and non-prescription drug use (b = − 3.77, CI = [− 6.49, − 1.05]) over 24 months. No significant intervention effects were found for adolescent sexual risk behaviors. Findings suggest that Familias Unidas for Health and Wellness reduces adolescent alcohol, marijuana, and non-prescription drug use across time. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03943628
Sustainability Will Require Economic Degrowth

Sustainable development came of age with the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. The SDGs represent a commitment by world leaders to achieve integrated and interdependent economic, social, and environmental targets by 2030, with particular emphasis on the protection of vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, indigenous peoples, refugees, migrants, and internally displaced persons. The SDGs overcome the fragmentation of international law by recognizing that environmental law, economic law, and human rights law must not operate in silos or at cross-purposes. However, the SDGs contain a fatal flaw. They continue to envision economic growth as the primary engine of poverty reduction. By failing to recognize the impossibility of infinite growth on a finite planet, the SDGs perpetuate the contradiction between economic growth and ecological sustainability that has long bedeviled the concept of sustainable development.
The performance of emerging hedge funds and managers.

Abstract This paper provides the first systematic analysis of performance patterns for emerging funds and managers in the hedge fund industry. Emerging funds and managers have particularly strong financial incentives to create investment performance and, because of their size, may be more nimble than established ones. Performance measurement, however, needs to control for the usual biases afflicting hedge fund databases. After adjusting for such biases and using a novel event time approach, we find strong evidence of outperformance during the first two to three years of existence. Each additional year of age decreases performance by 42 basis points, on average. Cross-sectionally, early performance by individual funds is quite persistent, with early strong performance lasting for up to five years.
La Crosse Virus Disease in the United States, 2003–2019

La Crosse virus (LACV) is an arthropod-borne virus that can cause a nonspecific febrile illness, meningitis, or encephalitis. We reviewed U.S. LACV surveillance data for 2003-2019, including human disease cases and nonhuman infections. Overall, 318 counties in 27 states, principally in the Great Lakes, mid-Atlantic, and southeastern regions, reported LACV activity. A total of 1,281 human LACV disease cases were reported, including 1,183 (92%) neuroinvasive disease cases. The median age of cases was 8 years (range: 1 month-95 years); 1,130 (88%) were aged < 18 years, and 754 (59%) were male. The most common clinical syndromes were encephalitis (N = 960; 75%) and meningitis (N = 219, 17%). The case fatality rate was 1% (N = 15). A median of 74 cases (range: 35-130) was reported per year. The average annual national incidence of neuroinvasive disease cases was 0.02 per 100,000 persons. West Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Ohio had the highest average annual state incidences (0.16-0.61 per 100,000), accounting for 80% (N = 1,030) of cases. No animal LACV infections were reported. Nine states reported LACV-positive mosquito pools, including three states with no reported human disease cases. La Crosse virus is the most common cause of pediatric neuroinvasive arboviral disease in the United States. However, surveillance data likely underestimate LACV disease incidence. Healthcare providers should consider LACV disease in patients, especially children, with febrile illness, meningitis, or encephalitis in areas where the virus circulates and advise their patients on ways to prevent mosquito bites.