cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intellectual humility in conversation: Distinct behavioral indicators of self and peer ratings

Intellectual humility (IH) has been proposed to be a critical factor facilitating civil discourse. However, wide variability exists concerning what IH actually entails. In this paper, we report a p...
The Effects of Less Invasive Extra-Pericardial Placement of Left Ventricular Assist Devices on Right Ventricular Failure in the Early Postoperative Period

Purpose Less invasive extra-pericardial placement (LIEPP) of LVADs is being explored to address post-implant adverse events. We examined the differences in early 90-day right ventricular failure (RVF) between LIEPP versus standard median sternotomy (MS) approaches in a single-center experience. Methods A retrospective analysis of 173 LVAD patients implanted between June 2011 and September 2018 was conducted. Six patients were excluded: four with RVAD placement before LVAD, one with giant cell myocarditis, and one with >40% missing data. LIEPP was performed in 36 patients and 131 had MS implantation. Outcomes for RVF including RVAD need and bleeding were compared using Fisher's test for categorical variables, Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables, and multivariate for cause of RVF. Results Compared to the MS cohort, the LIEPP group consistent of patients with greater age (62.8 vs 57.9 yrs) p=0.03; higer INTERMACS profile (INTERMACS 1 =72.2% vs 30.5%) p=0.0004; greater IABP use (44.4% vs 26.0%) p=0.03; higher preop BUN (mg/dL) 36.5(25.5 - 56.0) vs 28.0 (19.0 - 41.0) p=0.01; and lower preop hemoglobin (g/dL) 10.0 (8.8 - 11.7) vs 10.6 (9.8 - 12.2) p=0.01. LIEPP showed a significantly lower rate of bleeding through chest tube output (p= Conclusion LIEPP reduces the early 90-day incidence of RVF and thus need for RVAD. With the integrity of the pericardium maintained, the LIEPP may prevent RV dilation and RVF. Likewise, a reduction in blood product use removes potential influence on pulmonary vascular resistance that can predispose to RVF. These trends were seen despite the worse pre-operative profile of the LIEPP group highlighting the preferred choice of LIEPP for poor surgical candidates.
Chapter Seventeen – Optical Measurement of Static and Dynamic Displacement in MEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the optical measurement of static and dynamic displacement in MEMS in detail. A variety of optical techniques have been developed for the characterization of mechanical motion in MEMS devices. A variety of optical metrology instruments are available to perform these measurements. Cameras based on array photodetectors are low-cost and easy to integrate with computer-based image acquisition and analysis software. High-speed cameras with frame-rates exceeding 10000 frames per second are available, it is desirable to measure device motion at frequencies far above this range. Higher precision can be obtained through stroboscopic measurements in which the sample is illuminated with a pulsed light source. Out-of-plane motion in MEMS is conveniently measured using an interferometer. The reflected light beams combine and interfere at the surface of the photodetector or camera. The device topography can be extracted using phase-shifting interferometry (PSI), in which a sequence of interferograms is collected while controlled variations in the relative phase of the measurement and reference path are introduced. The interferograms are then analyzed together to compute the topography of the device under test. Interferometers may also be constructed using optical fiber. The fiber FPI has a number of advantages over free-space interferometers. The fiber FPI is considerably more robust to vibration than a conventional Michelson interferometer. In an interferometer, the coherence length of the light source determines the optical path difference at which the fringe contrast falls to zero. The interferometers described above are based on the interference of laser light with the same wavelength and are classified as homodyne interferometers. One popular heterodyne interferometer is known as a laser Doppler vibrometer.
The Gender Equity Role of Educational Administration Programs: Where are We? Where do we want to Go?:

The percentage of educational administration graduates and students who are women has been increasing since the 1980s. The study reported in this article identified continuing barriers to the emplo...
The role of pandemic-related pregnancy stress in preference for community birth during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unparalleled uncertainty into the lives of pregnant women, including concerns about where it is the safest to give birth, while preserving their rights and wishes. Reports on the increased interest in community births (at home or in birth centers) are emerging. The purpose of this project was to quantitatively investigate psychological factors related to this birth preference. METHODS: This study included 3896 pregnant women from the COVID-19 Pregnancy Experiences (COPE) Study who were anticipating a vaginal birth. COPE Study participants were recruited online between April 24 and May 15, 2020, and completed a questionnaire that included preference with respect to place of birth and psychological constructs: fear of childbirth, basic beliefs about birth, pandemic-related preparedness stress, and pandemic-related perinatal infection stress. RESULTS: Women who preferred a community birth, on average, had less childbirth fear, had stronger beliefs that birth is a natural process, were less likely to see birth as a medical process, and were less stressed about being unprepared for birth and being infected with COVID-19. In multivariate models, higher stress about perinatal COVID-19 infection was associated with greater likelihood of preferring a community birth. The effect of perinatal infection stress on preference was stronger when preparedness stress was high. DISCUSSION: Women's birth preferences during the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with psychological processes related to risk perception. Community births are more appealing to women who view being in a hospital as hazardous because of the pandemic. Policies and prenatal care aimed to increase access to safe in-hospital and out-of-hospital birth services should be encouraged.
Analysis of reaction–diffusion systems where a parameter influences both the reaction terms as well as the boundary

We study positive solutions to steady-state reaction–diffusion models of the form $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta u=\lambda f(v);\quad\Omega, \\ -\Delta v=\lambda g(u);\quad\Omega, \\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial \eta }+\sqrt{\lambda } u=0;\quad \partial \Omega, \\ \frac{\partial v}{\partial \eta }+\sqrt{\lambda }v=0; \quad\partial \Omega, \end{cases} $$ where $\lambda >0$ is a positive parameter, Ω is a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ $(N > 1)$ with smooth boundary ∂Ω, or $\Omega =(0,1)$ , $\frac{\partial z}{\partial \eta }$ is the outward normal derivative of z. We assume that f and g are continuous increasing functions such that $f(0) = 0 = g(0)$ and $\lim_{s \rightarrow \infty } \frac{f(Mg(s))}{s} = 0$ for all $M>0$ . In particular, we extend the results for the single equation case discussed in (Fonseka et al. in J. Math. Anal. Appl. 476(2):480-494, 2019) to the above system.
Self-Reported Behavior Change and Predictors of Engagement With a Multidomain Brain Health Intervention for Midlife and Older Adults: A Pilot Clinical Trial.

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the efficacy of a multidomain brain health intervention on health behavior change and sought to understand whether health literacy or brain health knowledge predicted...
A prosody based perspective for automated understanding of coverbal gestures

Although both speech and gesture recognition have been studied extensively, vision-based acquisition of natural gestures still remains a challenging problem. Poor recognition accuracy of spontaneous conversational gestures is one of the reasons that restricted their applications for human-computer interaction, biometrics, animated character synthesis and etc. To date, attempts to improve that accuracy have been mostly limited to multimodal frameworks exploiting gesture-word level associations. Such semantically motivated schemas inherited the complexity of natural language and gesture understanding and were found hardly applicable outside of restricted domains. This thesis proposes a new approach that explores prosodic levels of structuring during coverbal gesture production for disambiguation of and gestures. It is based on a multimodal co-analysis of hand kinematics and various prosodic manifestations in speech such as changes of intonation, loudness, and pause duration. Continuous hand movement is represented as a sequence of distinct gesture primitives extracted from the visual signal. Two types of gesticulation are considered: deictic in Weather Channel broadcast and spontaneous beats in presentation monologue videos. For deictic gestures, we define separate computational frameworks to model co-articulation phenomenon and production constraints. For conversational beats, a set of gesture-speech articulations is defined to represent different functions within a narrative discourse. In this analysis observable perturbations in vocal production are related to the concurrent beat-like gestures. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a large multimodal corpus by a significant improvement of gesture recognition accuracy.
Clinical Trials to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease in a Population At-Risk

A recent cost analysis indicates that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the nation’s third most costly disease after cancer and heart disease. Direct medical and social service costs are calculated at $40,000 per patient per year. Total annual direct costs for AD care in the United States for 1994 is estimated at $83 billion (Ernst and Hay, 1994). This enormous financial burden suggests that attempts to delay the onset of disease appearance are needed to reduce both social and financial consequences to the nation.
A re-examination of cremains weight: sex and age variation in a Northern California sample.

Keywords:forensic science;forensic anthropology;cremains weight;sex estimation;regional variation Abstract: The reduction of modern commercially cremated remains into a fine powder negates the use of traditional methods of skeletal analysis. The literature on the use of cremains weight for estimating aspects of the biologic profile is limited, often with conflicting results. This study re-evaluates the value of weight in the assessment of biologic parameters from modern cremated remains. A sample of adults was collected in northern California (n = 756), with a cremains weight averaging 2737.1 g. Males were significantly heavier than females ( = 3233.2 g versus = 2238.3 g, respectively; p < 0.001). Comparison of this sample with other previously reported samples from southern California, Florida, and Tennessee indicates a consistent sex difference, with the most similar mean values to the Tennessee study. Although cremains weight decreases with age as expected, the relationship is weak; thus, cremains weight cannot accurately predict age-at-death. While sex estimation shows considerable accuracy (86.3% for males and 80.9% for females), sectioning points may be population specific.
Reference transaction assessment: Survey of a multiple perspectives approach, 2001 to 2010

Purpose – This paper aims to survey the published journal literature on reference transaction assessment. Its purpose is to highlight the need for a multiple perspectives approach due to the complexity of reference transactions. Satisfaction indicators, behavioral aspects, accuracy rates, success measures, and other desired transaction outcomes contribute to the need for a broader assessment picture.Design/methodology/approach – This is a review from the first decade of the twenty‐first century. Selected were papers from 2001 through 2010, filtered from search results from library literature databases. Primary inclusion criteria identified refereed papers, studies of academic library populations, evaluation or assessment of reference transactions, and methods contributing to systematic practices versus unique assessment events.Findings – By viewing reference transactions as complex interactions, librarians are recognizing that simple counts and narrow views of assessment are not adequate. Missing in the a...
CAN WE TALK?: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DISCLOSURE PATTERNS AND EXPECTATIONS

A review of the literature on communication in relationships suggested that while the differences may be small, women disclose more than men. Recent research suggests that these differences may have been overestimated and may be changing as women’s' roles change. Data forth is studies were collected from a total of 360 undergraduates at two universities to assess gender differences in disclosure patterns and expectations of disclosure. Women were significantly more likely to disclose and to expect their partner to disclose more than men. The authors suggest that sex role socialization is still operative in relationship disclosure differences and expectations.
The Good Neighbor Problem: Regulating Interstate Transport of Smog Precursors

About 200,000 Americans die every year from smog. The EPA has promulgated cap-and-trade transport rules to control smog in the Eastern half of the United States under the good neighbor provision of the Clean Air Act (CAA). The D.C. Circuit has vacated these rules, leading to significant uncertainty about whether any transport rule under the good neighbor provision of the CAA is lawful. In its transport rules, the EPA uses the cost of emissions reduction to divide responsibility for emissions reductions of smog precursors among states. I find that the EPA's transport rules are both lawful under the Clean Air Act and good, efficient policy. The D.C. Circuit's most recent decision, EME Homer City Generation v. EPA, misinterprets the CAA and forces the EPA to adopt a non-cost-based "proportional" methodology to distribute emissions reductions across states that is nonsensical and probably impossible to achieve. The Supreme Court should therefore overturn the D.C. Circuit and declare lawful the EPA's cap-and-trade transport rules. In general, courts should interpret statutes according to their purposes when conducting judicial review of regulations under the CAA and similar statutes. In these cases, courts should exercise Chevron deference and only vacate regulations if they clearly conflict with the text of the statute.
Nonstationary Stream Data Learning with Imbalanced Class Distribution

This chapter focuses on three types of algorithms: over-sampling algorithm, take-in-all accommodation algorithm, and selective accommodation algorithm, for learning from nonstationary data streams with imbalanced class distribution. It illustrates the preliminaries concerning different algorithms and compares different strategies of augmenting the minority class examples in training data chunks. The chapter presents the algorithmic procedures of these algorithms and elaborates their theoretical foundation. It evaluates the efficacy of these algorithms against both real-world and synthetic benchmarks, where the type of concept drifts, the severity of imbalanced ratio, and the level of noise are all customizable to facilitate a comprehensive comparison. The chapter lists several potential directions that can be pursued in the future.
Knowledge management over time-varying geospatial datasets

The research objective of this project is to make novel scientific contributions towards the development of an integrated environment for spatio-temporal datasets that can handle the needs of diverse users, and the development of novel ways to access, represent, visualize, and analyze the information content of such an integrated environment, thus optimizing its use. The work performed in this project can be grouped into three areas of activities aiming at the following:Activity I: Our goal is to develop a geospatial knowledge management framework to provide the syntax, context, and semantics for researching, understanding, and leveraging technical and human behaviors related to spatial understanding. More specifically, we are developing a semantic framework for describing relationships between systems, people and data used to create geospatial information products. This includes the design of an agent-based representation of semantic interoperability and exchange between components within a geospatial framework, tools to support the extraction of meaning or interpretation of complex spatio-temporal datasets, and tools for spatial data mining of datasets with many attribute dimensions.
Combinatorial Chemistry and Peptide Library Methods to Characterize Protein Phosphatases

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the combinatorial chemistry and peptide library methods to characterize protein phosphatases. Combinatorial methods provide tools and strategies to quickly generate large numbers of chemically related compounds (libraries). Two aspects of characterizing protein phosphatases are: (1) the assessment of the preferred substrates; and (2) the identification of compounds inhibiting the catalytic activity. The process of characterizing protein phosphatases, using combinatorial library methods is divided in three steps: (1) synthesis of the library; (2) screening of the library; and (3) deducing structure activity relations and identifying consensus or lead structures. Only general considerations for each step are presented, and a number of examples are discussed briefly. The examples presented in this chapter focus on protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). However, the strategies discussed can be applied to related proteins such as serine/threonine protein phosphatases, dual specific protein phosphatases, and also to SH2 or PTB domain containing proteins. Chemical libraries can be based on any chemical scaffold, but the most easily accessible scaffold is linear oligoamides, in particular peptides. In addition, peptides are reasonably good substitutes/models for phosphoproteins, the in vivo targets of protein phosphatases. For these reasons, the synthesis of peptide-, phosphopeptide-, and modified peptide libraries are discussed in the chapter.
Soroosh Sorooshian Receives 2013 Robert E. Horton Medal: Response

It is a true honor to be named the 2013 Robert E. Horton medalist by AGU. To be considered for such an honor, one must be nominated for consideration. I am grateful to Jasper Vrugt for having led my nomination and to colleagues who wrote supporting letters on my behalf.
Expression of Escherichia coli trp genes and the mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene cloned in Bacillus subtilis

Abstract The mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene and a segment of the Escherichia coli trp operon are expressed in Bacillus subtilis when cloned in the “expression plasmid” pPL608. The cloned mouse gene confers trimethoprim resistance on B. subtilis and the cloned trp fragment complements mutations in the B. subtilis trpD, C and F genes. Expression of both cloned fragments is dependent on a promoter present in the vector plasmid. The E. colitrp fragment is cloned in a HindIII site within a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene present on pPL608, and as a result, expression of the E. coli trpC gene product is inducible by chloramphenicol. The mouse gene is inserted at a PstI site preceding the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and its expression is not chloramphenicol inducible. The replication functions and neomycin-resistance of pPL608 are derived from pUB110. Accordingly, pPL608 is stably maintained at high copy number in B. subtilis.
Changes in polyvinylpyrrolidone coil dimensions by complexation with organic anions: effect of chain length

Changes in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coil dimensions by complexation with small organic anions were studied by dilure solution viscometry Intrinsic viscosity provides a convenient measure of the dimensions assumed by a flexible polymer chain in solution as a result of interactions with all components in its environment. Molecular interactions between PVP and sodium benzoate and salicylate were investigated over a range of low concentrations of each anion, from 2.5 to 90 mM, and as a function of five molecular weight grades of PVP. This study showed that both contraction and expansion of polymer coils were sensitive to the concentration and chemical structure of the cosolute. In addition, at high anion concentrations changes in polymer conformation by complexation were dependent on both the chain length of PVP and charge density of bound anions through excluded volume effects. Experimental results demonstrating these observations are presented in a three-dimensional surface plot of intrinsic viscosity ratio, polymer size, and anion concentration. A distinct local minimum in the surface plane was exhibited for each cosolute.
N-methoxy-N-acylnitrenium ions: application to the formal synthesis of (-)-TAN1251A.

A formal synthesis of the muscarinic M1 receptor antagonist (−)-TAN1251A (7) from l-tyrosine is described. Central to this venture has been the construction of the 1-azaspiro[4.5]decane skeleton present in the natural product by an N-methoxy-N-acylnitrenium ion-induced spirocyclization. The dienone generated in this transformation, 10, was converted to (−)-TAN1251A via tricycle 9, an intermediate in Kawahara's recent synthesis of racemic 7.
Rejecting Admission Offers to a Selective Math and Science School

An exploratory study of applicants who rejected admission to the Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science (TAMS) is described in this article. TAMS is a residential early college entry program at t...
Behavioral and ecological correlates of female mate searching in the fiddler crab Uca crenulata

Investigating factors that influence which sex searches for a mate helps to identify how and why mating location and the degree of selectivity for mates change with ecological conditions. Several e...
Erythropoietin (a brief review)

L'erythropoietine, facteur de croissance des cellules erythroides, peut etre utilisee en therapeutique pour corriger l'anemie chez les malades en stade final d'insuffisance renale. Biologie moleculaire, biochimie et physiologie de l'erythropoietine et interet de ses proprietes en utilisation clinique
Physical concept of leakage reactance

LEAKAGE REACTANCE has been the subject of discussion in the technical literature from time to time since the adoption of alternating current for the generation and utilization of electric power. In the beginning it was customary for the designer to estimate the number of leakage lines per ampere inch of the embedded portion and end connections of the windings and multiply these by the respective lengths to obtain the reactance. Early writers treated this subject under the title of magnetic dispersion and took account of its effect through the use of a leakage coefficient. About the leakage coefficient R. E. Hellmund writes: The chief reason for determining this value is, however, the fact that it fixes directly the excellence of a motor in almost every respect and, therefore, the values obtained for this factor form a direct means for determining the relative merits of various designs. If properly designed a motor will always be better the smaller the leakage coefficient. The leakage coefficient no matter how it is defined is always the ratio between the effects of the leakage field and the main field.
Inhibition of nucleotide biosynthesis potentiates the antifungal activity of amphotericin B

The polyene antifungal agent Amphotericin B exhibits potent and broad spectrum fungicidal activity. However, high nephrotoxicity can hinder its administration in resource poor settings. Quantification of early fungicidal activity in studies of HIV patients with cryptococcosis demonstrate that 5-Fluorocytosine therapy in combination with Amphotericin B results in faster clearance than with Amphotericin B alone. In vitro synergy between the two drugs has also been reported but the mechanism by which 5-Fluorocytosine synergizes with Amphotericin B has not been delineated. In this study we set out to investigate the effect of genetic mutation or pharmacologic repression of de novo pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis pathways on the Amphotericin B susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans. We demonstrate that a ura- derivative of wild type Cryptococcus neoformans strain H99 is hypersensitive to Amphotericin B. This sensitivity is remediated by re-introduction of a wild type URA5 gene, but not by addition of exogenous uracil to supplement the auxotrophy. Repression of guanine biosynthesis by treatment with the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, mycophenolic acid, was synergistic with Amphotericin B as determined by checkerboard analysis. As in Cryptococcus neoformans, a ura(-) derivative of Candida albicans was also hypersensitive to Amphotericin B, and treatment of Candida albicans with mycophenolic acid was likewise synergistic with Amphotericin B. In contrast, neither mycophenolic acid nor 5-FC had an effect on the Amphotericin B susceptibility of Aspergillus fumigatus. These studies suggest that pharmacological targeting of nucleotide biosynthesis pathways has potential to lower the effective dose of Amphotericin B for both C. neoformans and C. albicans. Given the requirement of nucleotide and nucleotide sugars for growth and pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans, disrupting nucleotide metabolic pathways might thus be an effective mechanism for the development of novel antifungal drugs.
Tracer and radionuclide sorption to vitric tuffs of Busted Butte, Nevada

Abstract Field-scale unsaturated-zone tracer tests have been performed at Busted Butte, Nevada, near the potential high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain. These tests are intended to improve our understanding of unsaturated-zone transport processes, and to test our ability to predict field-scale behavior using laboratory-scale measurements. The field tests use a mixture of nonreactive and reactive tracers. Nonreactive tracers include Br − , I − , 5 different fluorobenzoic acids, Na fluorescein, and a pyridone derivative. Reactive tracers include the metals Li, Mn, Co, and Ni, and the organic dye rhodamine WT. Rock samples from 3 different stratigraphic units at the Busted Butte test facility have been extensively characterized lithologically and mineralogically, and analyzed for Fe and Mn oxide content. Sorption of Np, Pu, Am and the field tracers onto these 3 rocks has been measured using batch techniques. Results confirm that the nonreactive tracers are indeed nonreactive, and show that sorption of radionuclides and sorbing tracers increases with increasing degree of rock alteration, as evidenced by increasing levels of smectite and Fe and Mn oxides. Among the radionuclides, Am and Pu sorb much more strongly than Np; the tracers' degree of sorption is rhodamine WTLi⪡Mn
The White Pages: Diversity and the Mediation of Race in Public Business Media:

In this article we examine the empirical impact of diversity on non-white participation in corporations by analyzing images of racial minorities that appear in business magazines. Our findings indi...
HNO3 losses within the cyclone inlet of a diffusion-denuder system under simulated marine environments

Abstract We evaluated the loss of HNO3 within a Teflon-coated aluminum cyclone of an annular diffusion denuder atmospheric sampling system (ADS) under simulated marine conditions. To simulate marine environment, the cyclones were pre-coated with NaCl aerosol droplets. Loss of vapor-phase HNO3 within the NaCl-coated cyclone was generally greater than 30% at relative humidities (RH) of 60 and 80% and as large as 67% when the cumulative HNO3 dosages were lower than 3 μg. In contrast, there was little loss of HNO3 (
“Anomalous” Water: a Silica Dispersion ?

WATER condensed into glass or quartz capillaries has unusual properties, which have been ascribed to the formation of a new polymer termed “orthowater”1, “anomalous” water2,3 or “polywater”4. The only reasonable alternative interpretation, that “anomalous” water is a dispersion of material leached from the capillaries, has repeatedly been rejected1–6. I suggest that the grounds for rejection are inconclusive and summarize evidence to support the leaching interpretation. The direct evidence is the formation of residues when “anomalous” water is evaporated. These include optically anisotropic solid material2; “what appeared to be small crystals”2; a high-viscosity residue with a refractive index close to that of ‘Pyrex’ glass2; and a gel5. Such diverse residues are compatible with the expected properties of silicate solutions; no alternative explanation has been offered.
Computer-assisted surgical techniques evaluated with wound-healing-impaired animal model

As part of our computer assisted surgical techniques (CAST) program, we use computers to assist in the guidance of surgical lasers. The computer helps to create laser incisions with minimal widths, a reduction of collateral thermal damage, and regulates the rate of tissue ablation. Previous studies have compared laser incisions under manual control to incisions made with the CAST system. These studies were carried out with healthy animals. In this study, we compare the manual and CAST laser incisions on rats with induced diabetes. The diabetic rats have impaired wound healing and make a better model for our wound healing studies. Cutaneous incisions were made on the dorsal pelt using a carbon dioxide laser. The incisions were sutured and allowed to heal for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Wounds were analyzed histologically and with tensiometry. We have found definite advantages to the CAST program.
T cell receptor β-chain usage in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis

Genomic rearrangements to the T-cell receptor (TCR) V beta 8 gene locus were examined in T cells derived from the lymph nodes of Lewis rats immunized with either S-Antigen or peptides derived from interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP). The cells used in these studies are from T-cell lines that have been selected by several cycles of antigen/IL-2 stimulations, or clones isolated from these lines. No apparent rearrangement of the V beta 8 gene was observed by Southern analysis, suggesting that if indeed there are T cells using V beta 8 gene elements they represent small proportions of the cells in these T-cell lines that induce EAU (uveitogenic T cells) and that the lines may consist of large numbers of clones. On the other hand, we have demonstrated V beta 8 gene expression in uveitogenic T-cell populations by Northern analysis and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although V beta 8 gene transcripts were detectable in pathogenic, but not in non-pathogenic, T-cell lines using a V beta 8 cDNA probe, RNA from pathogenic T cell lines did not hybridize to another probe specific for rat V beta 8.2. Taken together, these results suggest that, unlike the T-cell lines that mediate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), some T-cell lines that induce EAU do not predominantly express V beta 8.2 gene but other member(s) of the V beta 8 family.
STUDIES ON SOUTH AMERICAN YELLOW FEVER : II. IMMUNITY OF RECOVERED MONKEYS TO AFRICAN VIRUS.

These experiments indicate that, although there are quantitative differences in virulence and minor differences in behavior, the African strain and the Brazilian strains of yellow fever virus tested are immunologically the same.
Direct identification of Candida albicans on Littman's oxgall agar.

Castellani,1sp> in separating the Candidas (Monilias) from the other yeast-like organisms, emphasized that they cannot be classified purely on the basis of morphology, but must be studied with reference to their biochemical and biological properties whenever possible. Other writers2sp> •3sp> •4sp> also have stated that no single procedure can be relied on for the identification of all species. In using and evaluating a newly introduced medium, Littman's oxgall agar, we gained the impression that Candida albicansformed very characteristic colonies. In this study, we proposed to determine the accuracy of our identification of Candida albicansdirectly by gross morphological features alone on Littman's agar.
Long-Term Changes in Recreational Catch Inequality in a Trout Stream

Abstract Catch inequality occurs when a small number of anglers catch a disproportionally large number of fish. Catch inequality is a common occurrence in recreational fisheries, but long-term changes in catch inequality are rarely measured. We evaluated catch inequality in archived long-term complete-trip creel census records from a trout stream in southeastern New York. These records document all fish caught for each angler over a 20-year period. Catch inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, increased significantly during the study period. Catch per unit effort and an inequality-standardized measure of catch per unit effort declined significantly throughout the study. We tested the hypothesis that between-angler inequality increases as catch per unit effort declines. There was no change in between-angler inequality but between-trip inequality increased substantially. Trip-to-trip variability, not between-angler variability, accounts for increased catch inequality when catch per unit effort decl...
Supporting content and process common ground in computer-supported teamwork

We build on our prior work with computer-supported teams performing a complex decision-making task on maps, where the distinction between content and process common ground is proposed. In this paper we describe a distributed geo-collaboration software prototype. The system design rationale was gleaned from fieldwork, literature on team cognition, and an earlier lab study introducing a reference task with face-to-face teams. We report on a controlled experiment that evaluates this design rationale. Distinct sets of measures show that that the prototype supported both content and process common ground, offsetting the costs imposed by the distributed setting. We interpret the results in relation to prior work on common ground and draw implications for moving beyond current models of sharing and coordination.
Requiring CS1 students to write requirements specifications: a rationale, implementation suggestions, and a case study

This paper offers arguments supporting the concept of requiring written requirements specifications for all programming assignments in the first Computer Science course. The term “requirements specifications” is used here to refer to a description of the functional interaction of a single computer program with its environment and the non-functional constraints placed on that interaction. The principle thrust of the arguments is that students are best served if they are introduced to program design only as an activity which naturally follows requirements specification. This concept must be reinforced in all classroom examples and by practical student exercises. By requiring the students to create requirements specifications, the instructor encourages them to view the software development effort, from the beginning, as the analysis and solution of a problem rather than as the generation of a computer program. They are similarly encouraged to realize that the valuable end product of the effort is not just a program, but a thorough description of the problem and solution. Guidelines for incorporating the concept into existing CS1 courses are given. They are reinforced by a description of how this has been done in a specific course.
Identification and Characterization of the Human and Mouse SLC19A3 Gene: A Novel Member of the Reduced Folate Family of Micronutrient Transporter Genes

We report here the isolation, characterization, and chromosomal localization of the genes encoding the human and corresponding murine orthologue of solute carrier family 19A member 3 (SLC19A3). Human SLC19A3 encodes a 496-amino-acid residue protein with a predicted molecular weight of 56 kDa that shares sequence similarity to both SLC19A1 (reduced folate transporter (RFC-1)) and SLC19A2 (high affinity thiamine transporter (THTR-1)). Like the SLC19A1 and SLC19A2 proteins, SLC19A3 contains 12 putative transmembrane domains. The human SLC19A3 gene is widely expressed, with the most abundant expression observed in placenta, kidney, and liver, and has been mapped to chromosome 2q37. The murine SLC19A3 gene maps to central chromosome 1 in the region defined as a seizure susceptibility locus in the DBA/2J mouse strain. This article describes the identification of SLC19A3, a gene encoding a novel solute transporter, and establishes murine SLC19A3 as a candidate gene for seizures in the DBA/2J mouse.
Immunohistochemical detection of XIAP and p63 in adenomatous hyperplasia, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.

The critical distinction of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (WDAC) of lung, adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), is based on morphological criteria alone, and is therefore potentially subjective. We examined expression of two markers, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), the most potent of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, and p63, a marker of bronchial reserve cells (BRC) and squamous cells, in these entities. HE all were negative for p63. One aberrant case diagnosed on H & E as WDAC was negative for XIAP but strongly positive for p63. Significant XIAP expression appears to be useful for distinguishing AAH from AH. Commonality of XIAP staining in AAH, BAC and WDAC supports the possibility that AAH may be a pre-malignant lesion. The rarity of p63 expression confirms previous reports and supports a nonbronchial histogenesis of these entities. In contrast, diffuse p63 staining may facilitate the identification of rare cases that may have been misclassified as alveolar in origin based on morphology but may be of BRC origin.
Effects of oral zinc loading on zinc metabolism in humans—I: Experimental studies

The effects of oral zinc on distribution, retention and excretion of orally administered 65Zn were studied in 50 patients with taste and smell dysfunction. The study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase all patients were studied for 21 days after receiving 3–18 μCi of 65Zn as ZnCl2 orally after an overnight fast. In the second phase, started after 21 days and continued for 290 to 440 (mean 336) days, all 50 patients received placebo for ZnSO4. In the third phase 14 patients continued on placebo while 36 received ZnSO4 (100mg/day Zn++) for 112 to 440 (mean 307) days. Phases two and three were a controlled clinical trial of the effects of zinc on retention of 65Zn tracer. Total body retention and activity in plasma and red blood cells were measured for all patients throughout the study. Ten of the 36 patients treated with ZnSO4 had additional measurements of 65Zn activity in liver and thigh made using external detectors. Total body retention during the second phase placebo period was not significantly different (p > 0.25) for the 36 subjects subsequently treated with ZnSO4 (biological half-time (Tb) 378 ± 12 days) (mean ± SEM) and the 14 who were continued on placebo through the third phase of the study (Tb = 384 ± 8 days). During the third phase patients receiving ZnSO4 showed an accelerated loss of total body 65Zn (Tb = 235 ± 8 days) which was significantly different (p < 0.001) from half-time values during placebo treatment. Accelerated loss of 65Zn from the thigh was apparent immediately, while that from the liver began after a mean delay of 107 days. There was no apparent effect of zinc on loss of mean 65Zn activity from red blood cells.
New Strain Energy-Based Coupled Elastoplastic Damage-Healing Formulations Accounting for Effect of Matric Suction during Earth-Moving Processes

AbstractInnovative initial elastic strain energy–based coupled elastoplastic hybrid isotropic damage and healing models for partially saturated soils have been developed and implemented for numerical simulation of two-dimensional earth-pushing processes. A class of elastoplastic constitutive damage-healing models, based on a continuum thermodynamic framework, is proposed within an initial elastic strain energy–based formulation. In particular, the change of effective stress caused by matric suction in the formulation is considered, and the governing incremental damage and healing evolutions are coupled and characterized through the effective stress concept in conjunction with the hypothesis of strain equivalence. Further, plastic flow is introduced by means of an additive split of the stress tensor. In this innovative formulation, two characteristic energy norms of the tensile and compressive strain tensors, respectively, are introduced for the corresponding damage and healing mechanisms. By incorporating...
The Importance of Place of Birth in Migration and Population Redistribution Analysis

"In this paper, U.S. Census data is used to examine further the importance of place of birth on migration streams and to trace the impacts of such 'native dependence' on age patterns of migration, multiregional life expectancies, and spatial population projections."
Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in euthyroid and hypothyroid chick embryo (Gallus domesticus)

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was studied in the chick embryo. 2. 2. A single dose of PTU (250 μg/embryo) was administered on day 11 and embryos sacrificed on day 20 of incubation. 3. 3. Thyroid glands were significantly enlarged (6 fold) by PTU administration. 4. 4. Increased thyroid weight was associated with growth retardation and decreased plasma thyroxine levels. 5. 5. Plasma glucose level was lower and phospholipids were significantly higher in the hypothyroid embryo. 6. 6. Liver lipid concentrations in the control and hypothyroid embryos were not different but were significantly higher in both groups when compared to previously reported values in the young chick. 7. 7. In contrast to PTU treatment after hatching, liver glycogen levels were not increased in the hypothyroid chick embryo. This was attributed to the high lipid nutrient condition of the chick embryo since a high lipid diet in the young chick decreased hepatic glycogen accumulation significantly.
Racial Differences in Medication Use in a National Sample of Children with ADHD Enrolled in Special Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of medication use among elementary school students in special education diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, researchers sought to understand whether the frequency of medication use varied by demographic factors such as ethnic group and age. Participants were children enrolled in the nationally representative Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study. Results indicate that significant discrepancies exist between African–American children and their other-race counterparts in ADHD medication use. Additionally, younger children were more likely to take medication than older children, and the higher the parents’ educational level, the more likely their children took medication. Implications for ADHD treatment among racially diverse populations are discussed.
Transport properties of cubic Na x W O 3 near the insulator-metal transition

We have extended previous measurements of electrical resistivity and Hall coefficient of single crystals of cubic ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ to a wider range of values of $x$ and of sample temperature. These new data cover a temperature range from 4.2 to 300 K, and a range of $x$ values from $x=0.22 \mathrm{to} 0.30$.
A magneto-hydrodynamically controlled fluidic network

Abstract The paper describes fluidic networks consisting of individually controlled branches. The networks’ basic building blocks are conduits equipped with two electrodes positioned on opposing walls. The entire device is either subjected to an external uniform magnetic field or fabricated within a magnetic material. When a prescribed potential difference is applied across each electrode pair, it induces current in the liquid (assumed to be at least weakly conductive solution). Analogously with electric circuits, by judicious application of the potential differences at various branches, one can direct liquid flow in any desired way without a need for mechanical pumps or valves. Equipped with additional, internally located electrodes, the network branches double as stirrers capable of generating chaotic advection. The paper describes the basic building blocks for such a network, the operation of these branches as stirrers, a general linear graph-based theory for the analysis and optimal control of fluidic magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) networks, an example of a network fabricated with low temperature, co-fired ceramic tapes, and preliminary experimental observations that illustrate that the ideas described in this paper can, indeed, be implemented in practice.
Alpha decay of 257100Fm

Abstract The α-decay scheme of 257Fm has been investigated by measuring the α-particle, electron and γ-ray spectra of several sources containing ∼1000 257Fm α-disintegrations per minute. Five α-groups were identified: 6.756 MeV (0.60%), 6.695 MeV (3.5%), 6.520 MeV (93.6%), 6.441 MeV (2.0%) and 6.346 MeV (0.3%). γ-ray spectra were measured with Ge(Li) spectrometers and the intensity of the 179.4 keV γ-ray was found to be 8.7 ± 0.7 photons per 100 257Fm α-decays. A conversion-electron spectrum was measured with a cooled Si(Li) detector and transition multipolarities were derived. On the basis of the present investigation the 253Cf ground state has been assigned to the 7 2 + [613] single-particle state and the 257Fm ground state and the 241.0 keV state in 253Cf are assigned to the 9 2 + [615] orbital. The α-intensities and γ-ray branching ratios have been explained in terms of Coriolis mixing between the 7 2 + [613] and 9 2 + [615] states. Our observations are in agreement with the results of a previous study by Asaro and Perlman.
A Bent Silicon Crystal in the Laue Geometry to Resolve Actinide XRay Fluorescence for XRay Absorption Spectroscopy

A highly strained, curved silicon crystal in the Laue geometry has been used as a large area x-ray fluorescence analyzer for x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The analyzer is able to resolve the Lα fluorescence lines for neighboring actinide elements. A large gain in the signal-to-background ratio has been achieved for low levels of Mo, Np, and Pu in a UO2 matrix. We have determined the chemical state of these elements in approved testing materials of uranium oxide spent nuclear fuel. Due to inelastic scattering from the predominant uranium, the concentration of Np measured, 0.6(2) mg Np/gram U, may be approaching the sensitivity limits for quantitative structural spectroscopy measurements.