cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of DOE building technology energy efficiency programs on U.S. employment, income, and investment

Abstract The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) analyzes the macroeconomic impacts of its programs that are designed to increase the energy efficiency of the U.S. residential and commercial building stock. The analysis is conducted using the Impact of Sector Energy Technologies (ImSET) model, a special-purpose 188-sector input–output model of the U.S. economy designed specifically to evaluate the impacts of energy efficiency investments and saving. For the analysis described in the paper, ImSET was amended to provide estimates of sector-by-sector capital requirements and investment. In the scenario of the Fiscal Year (FY) 2005 Building Technologies (BT) program, the technologies and building practices being developed and promoted by the BT program have the potential to save about 2.9 × 10 15 Btu in buildings by the year 2030, about 27% of the expected growth in building energy consumption by the year 2030. The analysis reported in the paper finds that, by the year 2030, these savings have the potential to increase employment by up to 446,000 jobs, increase wage income by $7.8 billion, reduce needs for capital stock in the energy sector and closely related supporting industries by about $207 billion (and the corresponding annual level of investment by $13 billion), and create net capital savings that are available to grow the nation's future economy.
Valence-band splitting of SrTi O 3

Optical charge-transfer transitions from the oxygen valence bands to ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{5+}$ and ${\mathrm{V}}^{5+}$ impurity states at ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{4+}$ sites in SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ reveal a 0.42-eV valence-band splitting. Since these transitions are observed with conventional optical-absorption spectroscopy, their resolution is far better than previously obtained by photoelectron spectroscopy.
Existence of an apparent metabolic block in human granulation tissue.

Summary The existence of an apparent metabolic block in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, found at the height of phosphofructokinase in rabbit granulation tissue, was confirmed also in human granulation tissue obtained from severely burned patients. Unlike the case with experimental animals, the block persists in man even in 90-day-old tissue. Infection and medication are discussed as some of the possible factors involved in this discrepancy.
Inverse-micelle-encapsulated water-enabled bond breaking of dialkyl diselenide/disulfide: a critical step for synthesizing high-quality gold nanoparticles.

Inverse-micelle-encapsulated water formed in the two-phase Brust–Schiffrin method (BSM) synthesis of Au nanoparticles (NPs) is identified as essential for dialkyl diselenide/disulfide to react with the Au(III) complex in which the Se–Se/S–S bond is broken, leading to formation of higher-quality Au NPs.
Strong Association between HLA=DQA1*0501 and Graves' Disease in a Male Caucasian Population*

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disease and is associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR3 and -DQA1*0501 in caucasians. The incidence of GD is 5 times higher in females than in males, possibly due to their greater immune reactivity. Although many attempts have been made to correlate HLA phenotypes and clinical features of GD little attention has been paid to possible heterogeneous HLA distribution among patients of different sexes. To investigate this possibility, 133 (26 males) unrelated caucasian patients with GD and 104 (43 males) control subjects were typed for HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1, using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes to analyze polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA. There were no significant differences in HLA distribution between male and female controls. The frequencies of HLA-DQA1*0501 were increased in both [88.5%; relative risk (RR) = 9.13; P = 0.000015] and female patients (66.4%; RR = 2.66; P = 0.00046) compared to that in the entire control group (42.3%...
Pittsburgh downtown 69-kv power supply

THE single-line diagram of the substation desired for the downtown area of the City of Pittsburgh, Pa., is shown in Fig. 1. Like the metropolitan area of most cities obtainable sites were small, expensive, and not suitable for conventional outdoor substation construction. Available sites and the economics of the entire project dictated the selection of a site of 17,000 square feet.
Detection and Location of Input and Feedback Bridging Faults Among Input and Output Lines

The study of short circuits between conducting paths (bridging faults) has become increasingly important. Yet very little work has been done in this area. In this paper, conditions for feedback bridging (short circuit) faults to generate oscillation and asynchronous behavior are given for short circuits among input lines and the primary output. The lower and upper bounds on the number of tests for detecting all feedback bridging faults are given. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the undetectability of input bridgings are presented. It is found that any test detecting single bridging fault e will also detect all multiple bridgings containing e. Complete test sets for locating either all input or all feedback bridgings of any multiplicities for networks implementing several classes of functions are given.
Numerical Viscosity and the Entropy Condition for Conservative Difference Schemes

Consider a scalar, nonlinear conservative difference scheme satisfying the entropy condition. It is shown that difference schemes containing more numerical viscosity will necessarily converge to the unique, physically relevant weak solution of the approximated conservation equation. In particular, entropy satisfying convergence follows for E schemes - those containing more numerical viscosity than Godunov's scheme.
Motorcycle fatalities among out-of-state riders and the role of universal helmet laws

Abstract Several studies have demonstrated that universal helmet laws (UHLs) and other motor vehicle policies are effective in reducing fatal and non-fatal motorcycle injuries. Although state policies can improve traffic safety overall, very little is known about how they affect different segments of motorcycle riders. In this paper, we investigate the differential effectiveness of such policies by license state of the rider (i.e., in-state versus out-of-state). From a policy perspective, this information gap is noteworthy because variations in state regulations may influence where individuals choose to ride. We use state-level longitudinal (1988–2008) data on motorcycle fatalities in the United States from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). Our results reconfirm the effectiveness of UHLs and offer new evidence suggesting that states without such policies may attract more risky riders from out-of-state. In particular, not having a UHL increases out-of-state rider fatalities by 18 percent and this effect is more pronounced for out-of-state riders who reside in a UHL state. These findings have important implications regarding unintended spillover effects of state-specific motor vehicle policies.
A simplified method for determining acetic acid soluble phosphorus in plant tissue 1

Abstract The proposed procedure greatly simplifies the determination of 2% HOAc soluble P in plant tissue. Extraction with Darco G 60 eliminates the need for the H2O2 oxidation of the extract. The use of vanadomolybdic acid as the chromogen results in a high degree of color stability eliminating the need for careful timing of the period between color development and transmission readings.
Nonasymptotic Probability Values for Cochran's Q Statistic: A Fortran 77 Program

A nonasymptotic inference procedure for Cochran's Q test for the equality of matched proportions is described. An algorithm and FORTRAN 77 program are provided to compute Cochran's Q test statistic and the associated nonasymptotic probability value. The nonasymptotic method provides improvement over the usual asymptotic chi-squared analysis procedure whenever the effective number of subjects is small or the number of successes is small.
Distance Learning: The Library's Role in Ensuring Access to Everyone.

Federal legislation and increasing support for the full inclusion of all students in precollege education have resulted in higher expectations and increased participation of students with disabilities in academic programs that have prepared them for college studies. As a result, greater numbers of people with disabilities are attending postsecondary academic institutions and participating in distance learning offerings. This article focuses on the role that libraries can play in assuring that all distance learning students and instructors have access to the electronic resources they offer. It can be used to help libraries develop policies, guidelines, and procedures for making their electronic resources accessible to people with disabilities.
Evaluating a predator–prey interaction in the field: the interaction between beetle larvae (predator) and tadpoles (prey)

The larval amphibian community of temporary pond ecosystems has served as a model for studies in community ecology, with a majority of this work being conducted in mesocosms. Recent research has suggested that mesocosms may overestimate ecological effects; therefore, experimental studies conducted under field conditions are required to gauge the results of mesocosm studies. To assess a species interaction under more natural conditions, we conducted a series of field experiments examining the predator–prey interaction between beetle larvae (Dytiscus sp.; predator) and larval wood frogs Rana sylvatica (prey) in central Pennsylvania, USA. Quantitative sampling of woodland ponds indicated that beetle larvae of the genus Dytiscus were the most common predator of tadpoles. In a field enclosure experiment, dytiscids were effective predators of tadpoles in the pond environment. Moreover, tadpoles avoided areas in a pond containing caged dytiscids, demonstrating that tadpoles recognize the chemical stimuli of predators in complex environments. The results of this study are consistent with data from prior laboratory and mesocosm studies and suggest that these venues can produce reliable interpretations of predator–prey dynamics in this community.
Filter bank subdivisions of bounded domains

We construct filter bank transforms that are adapted to bounded domains. The transforms are constructed with the aim of solving PDEs together with finite difference methods, and the properties important for this kind of application are analyzed. As the filter banks do not need to correspond to wavelets, short filters can be used. The price paid is extra growth factors in the number of coefficients and in the error, compared to the multiresolution analysis approach. However, these factors are small. We give upper bounds of the growth factors, and show numerical examples for an interval, a three-dimensional box, and a triangle. We also show examples of fast differentiation and other operations on thresholded expansions.
"Local Officials Support for PILOTs/SILOTs: Nonprofit Engagement, Economic Stress and Politics"

Nonprofit property tax exemption is a major policy issue as local governments face growing budgetary pressures because of the recession and decreased tax revenue. Few empirical studies investigate why local government officials favor or oppose PILOTs (payments in lieu of taxes) in their communities. Even fewer studies consider SILOTs – services in lieu of taxes. Using data from a survey of Indiana local government officials, we examine whether opinions on PILOT policies are related to officials’ personal involvement with nonprofits; their views on government-nonprofit relationships; and their perceptions of local reliance on nonprofit service providers. We control for the type of position held (whether elected or not) and also include county level data on nonprofit wealth, economic health, voter participation, and urban/rural status. We use logistic regression analysis to examine the extent to which these factors predict favorable attitudes towards PILOTs and explore whether preferences for SILOTs follow ...
The genetic diversity and epizootiology of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus.

Abstract Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdovirus which causes a serious disease in salmondd fish. The T1 ribonuclease fingerprinttin method was used to compare the RNA genomes of 26 isolates of IHNV recovered from sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ), chinook salmon ( O. tshawytscha ), and steelhead trout ( O. mykiss ) throughout the enzootic portion of western North America. Most of the isolates as a source of genetic variation. In from a single year (1987) to limit time of isolation as a source of genetic variation. In addition, isolates from different years collected at three sites were analyzed to investigate genetic drift or evolution of IHNV within specific locations. All of the isolates examined by T1 fingerprint analysis contained less than a 50% variation in spot location and were represented by a single fingerprint group. The observed variation was estimated to correspond to less than 5% variation in the nucleic acid sequence. However, sufficient variation was detected to separate the isolates into four subgroups which appeared to correlate to different geographic regions. Host species appeared not to be a significant source of variation. The evolutionary and epizootiologic significance of these findings and their relationship to other evidence of genetic variation in IHNV isolates are discussed.
Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of Ryanodine Receptors: A Novel Role for Leucine/Isoleucine Zippers

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs), intracellular calcium release channels required for cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction, are macromolecular complexes that include kinases and phosphatases. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation plays a key role in regulating the function of many ion channels, including RyRs. However, the mechanism by which kinases and phosphatases are targeted to ion channels is not well understood. We have identified a novel mechanism involved in the formation of ion channel macromolecular complexes: kinase and phosphatase targeting proteins binding to ion channels via leucine/isoleucine zipper (LZ) motifs. Activation of kinases and phosphatases bound to RyR2 via LZs regulates phosphorylation of the channel, and disruption of kinase binding via LZ motifs prevents phosphorylation of RyR2. Elucidation of this new role for LZs in ion channel macromolecular complexes now permits: (a) rapid mapping of kinase and phosphatase targeting protein binding sites on ion channels; (b) predicting which kinases and phosphatases are likely to regulate a given ion channel; (c) rapid identification of novel kinase and phosphatase targeting proteins; and (d) tools for dissecting the role of kinases and phosphatases as modulators of ion channel function.
Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition on the growth of asparagus seedlings

Abstract N was applied at 50, 100 or 150 mg l−1 in factorial combination with P at 7.5, 15 or 22.5 mg l−1 to asparagus seedlings. There were 6 successional harvests. N and P increased shoot dry weight by increasing mean dry weight and number of shoots. Increasing P had no effect on shoot growth at 50 mg l−1 N. N increased root dry weight (crown and roots) by increasing root number, whereas P decreased root dry weight due to a decrease in mean root dry weight. N increased total plant dry weight, but P had no effect. N and P increased the partitioning of dry weight to the shoots, while partitioning to the roots increased with time. Plant analysis revealed that 2.6–2.7% N and 0.29–0.36% P, on a dry-weight basis, were present in the shoots at the later harvests with the higher concentrations of N and P. 100–150 mg 1−1 N in combination with 15 mg l−1 P produced a seedling suitable for transplanting into commercial fields at 6 weeks from emergence.
Numerical investigation of hydrodynamics and thermal performance of a specially configured heat pipe for high-temperature thermal energy storage systems

Abstract In the present study, a complex geometry, high temperature heat pipe was investigated numerically. The heat pipe was designed specifically to improve the performance of the thermal energy storage system incorporated in a concentrated solar power system. Due to the complexity of the heat pipe geometry, a new numerical approach was developed. The heat conduction in the wall and wick regions was included in the two-dimensional axisymmetric model. The compressibility of the working fluid and viscous dissipation were taken into account. Due to the high expansion ratio from adiabatic section to condenser, high speed vapor flow impinges on the condenser wall. The combined vapor jet impingement and condensation on the condenser wall was modeled by attaching a porous layer. This porous layer forces the impinging vapor jet to split out radially while it allows the wall suction. The heat rejection via the vapor condensation was estimated from the mass flux by energy balance at vapor–liquid interface. The heat transfer limits due to heat pipe geometry, working fluid, wick structure, and operational temperature were calculated. The vapor–wick interface temperature predicted by the current simulation agrees very well with the available experimental data. The performance of the heat pipe was evaluated by calculating the corresponding thermal resistance. The results showed that the thermal resistance decreases with the increase of the operating temperature and vapor radius while increases with the increase of the heat input. It was also shown that, for the cases studied, adiabatic section radius of 15 mm is sufficient. Further increase of the radius does not reduce the thermal resistance of the heat pipe.
THE INFLUENCE OF CHOLINE, CYSTINE, AND OF α-TOCOPHEROL UPON THE OCCURRENCE OF CEROID PIGMENT IN DIETARY CIRRHOSIS OF RATS

1. Five per cent l-cystine in a stock or low protein diet produces ceroid deposits in rat liver. This effect of l-cystine is much greater in low protein than in stock diets. 2. One per cent choline has an inhibiting effect on deposition of liver ceroid resulting from a low protein diet containing excess cystine. 3. The occurrence of ceroid pigment in the livers of rats on a low protein diet, with or without the addition of excess l-cystine, is transiently inhibited by the administration of alpha-tocopherol. Five per cent cod liver oil in the diet did not prevent this effect of alpha-tocopherol. 4. On low protein, vitamin E-deficient diets, there occurs after 4 months, a rapid and progressive weight loss. This does not happen when alpha-tocopherol is added to the diet.
The role of learning in remembered duration.

In two experiments, the effects of learning on both the accuracy and bias of duration judgments were examined. In Experiment 1, subjects learned one of two tasks (i.e., using a computer software package, building a model car), containing a varying number of action steps, over a one-, three-, or five-trial period. Retrospective judgments of a task's total duration revealed that accuracy was high at intermediate stages of learning but was low at early stages due to an overestimation bias and low at later stages due to an underestimation bias. The number of action steps within a task influenced behavior only at early learning stages where more action steps led to significantly longer duration estimates. Experiment 2 acted as a converging operation in which novice and experienced pianists were asked to estimate, in advance, how long they thought it would take them to play melodies that varied in their degree of familiarity (i.e. recently learned, well learned, extremely well learned). When these estimates were compared with the melodies' actual playing times, results revealed a similar pattern of accuracy and bias as found in Experiment 1. These findings are discussed in terms of a "structural remembering model" that emphasizes the role of event predictability in time estimation behavior.
Phorbol ester-mediated stimulation of the synthesis of mouse mammary tumour virus

12-O-tetradeconoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a potent tumour promoter in the two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model1,2. Recently, TPA has been shown to enhance the transformation of cultured cells by two DNA tumour viruses—adenovirus3 and Epstein–Barr virus4. It is not known whether TPA also augments the transformation of cells by RNA tumour viruses. In Rous sarcoma virus (type C) transformed fibroblasts, the levels of plasminogen activator are elevated by TPA5,6, a phenomenon also associated with malignant transformation7,8. In addition, TPA and other promoters induce the synthesis of some herpesviruses in persistently infected cells9,10. I have investigated the effect of TPA on the synthesis of mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV), type B RNA tumour virus, and find that TPA, in nanogramme quantities, causes a 10- to 20-fold stimulation of MMTV production by persistently infected mouse mammary tumour cells. This stimulation is specific for TPA; the non-promoter, phorbol, does not stimulate MMTV production.
Action-angle variables for the diamagnetic Kepler problem.

The diamagnetic Kepler problem, or quadratic Zeeman effect in hydrogen, is converted into an asymmetric top via a transformation to Lissajous action-angle variables. These variables are especially suitable for uniform semiclassical quantization of the system for arbitrary values of the azimuthal quantum number m
Columbia University's Competency and Evidence-based Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Program.

New clinical information is being generated faster than practicing clinicians can effectively assimilate it. Since the gold standard of clinical information is evidence-based information, tools and techniques that facilitate both the building of evidence for practice and the application of evidence to practice are essential for practicing clinicians. As such, the Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (ACNP) program at Columbia University's School of Nursing was reconfigured to incorporate both theoretically based competency evaluation standards and strategies to foster an evidence-based practice approach to clinical care. The purpose of this article is to describe a curriculum and set of learning activities used to foster both development of clinical competency and evidence-based practice in students in the Acute Care Nurse Practitioner program.
Energy-and electron-transfer systems in algal photosynthesis. II. Oxidation-reduction reactions of two cytochromes and interactions of two photochemical systems in red algae.

The functioning of cytochromes f and b in the electron-transfer chain of red algae, Porphyridium and Porphyra, was studied. Effects of inhibitors, temperature, etc. on the oxidation-reduction reactions of these cytochromes are shown. The interaction of two photochemical systems through dark electron-transfer in the 10-msec range was demonstrated. The reaction time of electron-transfer reactions was measured with pulsed excitation. Two electron-transfer paths, a non-cyclic path connecting two photochemical systems and a cyclic electron-transfer path around photochemical system I are postulated and a scheme for photosynthetic electron transfer in Porphyridium and Porphyra is presented.
Dr. Curt Proskauer, 1887–1972, and His Dream for Dentistry

The conviction that dentistry’s past must be collected and preserved drew Proskauer away from dental practice and to a dream of an international historical archive for the profession. With the establishment of small institutes in Breslau and then in Berlin, the dream was almost a reality, but world events intervened. Proskauer was forced to leave the institute and flee Germany. In the United States he persisted in his attempts to establish an archive. Although his dream remains unfulfilled, Proskauer stimulated others to take an interest in the history of dentistry.
Adaptive offloading for pervasive computing

Delivering a complex application on a resource-constrained mobile device is challenging. An adaptive offloading system enables dynamic partitioning of the application and efficient offloading of part of its execution to a nearby surrogate. To deliver pervasive services without modifying the application or degrading its fidelity, we propose an adaptive offloading system that includes two key parts: a distributed offloading platform and an offloading inference engine. There are two important decision-making problems for adaptive offloading: adaptive offloading triggering and efficient application partitioning.
Public Service Motivation and the Assumption of Person—Organization Fit: Testing the Mediating Effect of Value Congruence

This study contributes to our understanding of public service motivation by clarifying the mechanisms through which public service motivation influences employee attitudes previously linked to orga...
Dynamic displacement self-sensing and robust control of cantilever piezoelectric actuators dedicated for microassembly

The main objective of this paper is the dynamic self-sensing of the motion of piezoelectric actuators. The proposed measurement technique is afterwards used for a closed-loop control. Aiming to obtain a self-sensing scheme that estimates the transient and steady-state modes of the displacement, we extend a previous static self-sensing scheme by adding a dynamic part. Analytical solutions are provided to compute the gains of this dynamic part. Afterwards, the proposed dynamic self-sensing result is used in a closed-loop control. The experimental results demonstrate the concept and evaluate the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed technique for closed-loop applications.
Gender and Friendship Norms Among Older Adults

The authors examined same- and cross-gender friendship norms in a sample of 135 adults (average age 73 years). Participants evaluated a friend’s behavior, quantitatively and qualitatively, in vignettes in which the friend’s gender was experimentally manipulated. Gender often significantly, though modestly, influenced normative evaluations. Women frequently had higher expectations of friends than men and placed a greater emphasis on intimacy. Women were more disapproving of violations of friendship rules, such as betraying a confidence, paying a surprise visit, and failing to stand up for a friend in public. However, both men and women were less approving of a man than a woman who greets another friend with a kiss or who requests to stay overnight. Respondents’ open-ended comments reflected positive attitudes regarding cross-gender friendships. Most findings demonstrated that men and women across a wide age range held similar cultural norms for close ties, norms of trust, commitment, and respect.
Rational radio reliability rendition

Reliability engineering has generally concerned itself with system failures caused by catastrophic failures of components. Given a stable system and known environment, existing technlques may give accurate predictions of the reliability of electronic systems. When mobile communication systems are analyzed, however, the available propagation conditions presented to equipment operated under extremely variable environmental conditions may cause reliability predictions to be quite inaccurate. The factors affecting actual reliability are discussed; means are examined for designing mobile communication equipment to achieve optimum results in each of these areas. Finally, a specific equipment design built around these techniques is discussed and life testing under simulated environmental conditions is examined.
Deleterious Mutations at the Mitochondrial ND3 Gene in South American Marsh Rats (Holochilus)

Statistical analyses of DNA sequences have revealed patterns of nonneutral evolution in mitochondrial DNA of mice, humans, and Drosophila. Here we report patterns of mitochondrial sequence evolution in South American marsh rats (genus Holochilus). We sequenced the complete mitochondrial ND3 gene in 82 Holochilus brasiliensis and 21 H. vulpinus to test the neutral prediction that the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide changes is the same within and between species. Within H. brasiliensis we observed a greater number of amino acid polymorphisms than expected based on interspecific comparisons. This contingency table analysis suggests that many amino acid polymorphisms are mildly deleterious. Several tests of the frequency distribution also revealed departures from a neutral, equilibrium model, and these departures were observed for both nonsynonymous and synonymous sites. In general, an excess of rare sites was observed, consistent with either a recent selective sweep or with populations not at mutation-drift equilibrium.
Impact of sleep duration on seizure frequency in adults with epilepsy: a sleep diary study.

Abstract Background Prolonged sleep deprivation activates epileptiform EEG abnormalities and seizures in people with epilepsy. Few studies have addressed the effect of chronic partial sleep deprivation on seizure occurrence in populations with epilepsy. We tested the primary hypothesis that partial sleep deprivation over 24- and 72-hour periods increases seizure occurrence in adults with epilepsy. Methods Forty-four subjects completed a series of self-reported instruments, as well as 1-month sleep and seizure diaries, to characterize their sleep and quality of life. Diaries were used to determine the relationship between seizure occurrence and total sleep time 24 and 72 h before seizure occurrence using random effects models and a logistic regression model fit by generalized estimating equations. Results A total of 237 seizures were recorded during 1295 diary days, representing 5.5 ± 7.0 (mean ± SD) seizures per month. Random effects models for 24- and 72-hour total sleep times showed no clinically or statistically significant differences in the total sleep time between preseizure periods and seizure-free periods. The average 24-hour total sleep time during preseizure 24-hour periods was 8 min shorter than that during seizure-free periods (p = 0.51). The average 72-hour total sleep time during preseizure periods was 20 min longer than that during seizure-free periods (p = 0.86). The presence of triggers was a significant predictor of seizure occurrence, with stress/anxiety noted most often as a trigger. Mean total sleep time was 9 h, and subjects took an average of 12 ± 10 naps per month, having a mean duration of 1.9 ± 1.2 h. Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and insomnia symptoms were commonly reported. Conclusions Small degrees of sleep loss were not associated with seizure occurrence in our sample of adults with epilepsy. Our results also include valuable observations of the altered sleep times and frequent napping habits of adults with refractory epilepsy and the potential contribution of these habits to quality of life and seizure control.
Zebrafish tbx5 paralogs demonstrate independent essential requirements in cardiac and pectoral fin development.

Background: T-box genes constitute a large family of transcriptional regulators involved in developmental patterning. Homozygous mutation of tbx5 leads to embryonic lethal cardiac phenotypes and forelimb malformations in vertebrate models. Haploinsufficiency of tbx5 results in Holt-Oram syndrome, a human congenital disease characterized by cardiac and forelimb defects. Homozygous mutation of zebrafish tbx5a leads to lethal defects in cardiac looping morphogenesis, blocks pectoral fin initiation, and impairs outgrowth. Recently, a second zebrafish tbx5 gene was described, termed tbx5b. Results: Our phylogenetic analyses confirm tbx5b as a paralog that likely arose in the teleost-specific whole genome duplication ∼270 MYA. Using morpholino depletion studies, we find that tbx5b is required in the heart for embryonic survival, and influences the timing and morphogenesis of pectoral fin development. Because tbx5a hypomorphic mutations are embryonic lethal, tbx5a and tbx5b functions in the heart must not be completely redundant. Consistent with this hypothesis, simultaneous depletion of both tbx5 paralogs did not lead to more severe phenotypes, and injection of wild-type mRNA from one tbx5 paralog was not sufficient to cross-rescue phenotypes of the paralogous gene. Conclusions: Collectively, these data indicate that, despite similar spatio-temporal expression patterns, tbx5a and tbx5b have independent functions in heart and fin development. Developmental Dynamics 242:475–492, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
YfdW and YfdU Are Required for Oxalate-Induced Acid Tolerance in Escherichia coli K-12

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli has several mechanisms for surviving low-pH stress. We report that oxalic acid, a small-chain organic acid (SCOA), induces a moderate acid tolerance response (ATR) in two ways. Adaptation of E. coli K-12 at pH 5.5 with 50 mM oxalate and inclusion of 25 mM oxalate in pH 3.0 minimal challenge medium separately conferred protection, with 67% ± 7% and 87% ± 17% survival after 2 h, respectively. The combination of oxalate adaptation and oxalate supplementation in the challenge medium resulted in increased survival over adaptation or oxalate in the challenge medium alone. The enzymes YfdW, a formyl coenzyme A (CoA) transferase, and YfdU, an oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase, are required for the adaptation effect but not during challenge. Unlike other SCOAs, this oxalate ATR is not a part of the RpoS regulon but appears to be linked to the signal protein GadE. We theorize that this oxalate ATR could enhance the pathogenesis of virulent E. coli consumed with oxalate-containing foods like spinach.
Effect of acute stress on the pituitary gland: endocrine gland blood flow.

The minimal blood flows through the anterior and posterior pituitary, adrenal and thyroid glands and median eminence were determined in female Wistar rats using a rubidium86 method. Maximum change in blood flow occurred 2.5 min after the onset of a 1-min ether stress. At this time anterior pituitary flow had increased by about 40% and thyroid flow had doubled. Flows for the other glands were unchanged. Adenohypophysial blood flow in unstressed adrenalectomized rats was significantly elevated; stress again increased the flow by about 45%. In these animals, the posterior pituitary responded to stress with a 67% increase in flow. However, thyroid flow failed to increase. A blocking dose of hydrocortisone in intact rats did not alter the resting anterior pituitary blood flow, nor did it suppress the increased flow response to stress. The increased adenohypophysial flow after adrenalectomy appears to be autoregulated by glandular metabolism. However, the additional rapid increase after stress suggests that a v...
Contraction-Free Sequent Calculi for Intuitionistic Logic

?0. Prologue. Gentzen's sequent calculus LJ, and its variants such as G3 [21], are (as is well known) convenient as a basis for automating proof search for IPC (intuitionistic propositional calculus). But a problem arises: that of detecting loops, arising from the use (in reverse) of the rule : => for implication introduction on the left. We describe below an equivalent calculus, yet another variant on these systems, where the problem no longer arises: this gives a simple but effective decision procedure for IPC. The underlying method can be traced back forty years to Vorob'ev [33], [34]. It has been rediscovered recently by several authors (the present author in August 1990, Hudelmaier [18], [19], Paulson [27], and Lincoln et al. [23]). Since the main idea is not plainly apparent in Vorob'ev's work, and there are mathematical applications [28], it is desirable to have a simple proof. We present such a proof, exploiting the Dershowtiz-Manna theorem [4] on multiset orderings.
Imported large subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, but not imported β-ATP synthase subunits, are assembled into holoenzyme in isolated chloroplasts

The large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from Anacystis nidulans 6301, and the beta subunit of chloroplast ATP synthase from maize, were fused to the transit peptide of the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from soybean. These proteins were assayed for post-translational import into isolated pea chloroplasts. Both proteins were imported into chloroplasts. Imported large subunits were associated with two distinct macromolecular structures. The smaller of these structures was a hybrid ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase holoenzyme, and the larger was the binding protein oligomer. Time-course experiments following import of the large subunit revealed that the amount of large subunit associated with the binding protein oligomer decreased over time, and that the amount of large subunit present in the assembled holoenzyme increased. We also observed that imported small subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, although predominantly present in the holoenzyme, were also found associated with the binding protein oligomer. In contrast, the imported beta subunit of chloroplast ATP synthase did not assemble into a thylakoid-bound coupling factor complex.
The relative importance of financial ratios in creating shareholders’ wealth

The purpose of the study is firstly to use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to aggregate the overall performance (technical efficiency) of firms to convert scarce resources into outputs that create wealth for shareholders, and secondly, to determine the degree to which this mentioned performance is reflected in a number of profitability and market value ratios. Annual financial statement data were used for 55 manufacturing companies listed on the JSE Limited over a five-year period in a cross-sectional analysis. The study found that return on equity has the most significant relationship with technical efficiency, followed by return on assets. The market value ratios price/earnings and dividend yield have no significant relationship with technical efficiency. The value of this study is that it is the first of its kind where technical efficiency, which aggregated operating, profitability and marketability efficiencies, is used to determine the relative importance of not only the readily available profitability ratios, but also market value ratios.
APP: Minimizing Interference Using Aggressive Pipelined Prefetching in Multi-level Buffer Caches

As services become more complex with multiple interactions, and storage servers are shared by multiple services, the different I/O streams arising from these multiple services compete for disk attention. Aggressive Pipelined Prefetching (APP) enabled storage clients are designed to manage the buffer cache and I/O streams to minimize the disk I/O-interference arising from competing streams. Due to the large number of streams serviced by a storage server, most of the disk time is spent seeking, leading to degradation in response times. The goal of APP is to decrease application execution time by increasing the throughput of individual I/O streams and utilizing idle capacity on remote nodes along with idle network times thus effectively avoiding alternating bursts of activity followed by periods of inactivity. APP significantly increases overall I/O throughput and decreases overall messaging overhead between servers. In APP, the intelligence is embedded in the clients and they automatically infer parameters in order to achieve the maximum throughput. APP clients make use of aggressive prefetching and data offloading to remote buffer caches in multi-level buffer cache hierarchies in an effort to minimize disk interference and tranquilize the effects of aggressive prefetching. We used an extremely I/O-intensive Radix-k application employed in studies on the scalability of parallel image composition and particle tracing developed at the Argonne National Laboratory with data sets of up to 128GB and implemented our scheme on a 16-node Linux cluster. We observed that the execution time of the application decreased by 68\% on average when using our scheme.
Non-genetic benefits of mate choice: fecundity enhancement and sexy sons.

Abstract I compared reproductive success (lifetime number of fertilized eggs) as a function of mate choice among females of the stink bug,Nezara viridulaL. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). ‘Choosing’ (C) females were placed with one of two males on alternate days. CI females chose between inexperienced males while CR females chose between males previously rejected by CI females. ‘Non-choosing’ (N) females were placed with the same male every day. Non-choosing NI, NR and NA females encountered, respectively, inexperienced males, previously rejected males, or previously accepted and mated males. Reproductive success was highest for CI females, showing direct selection on mate preferences. Reproductive success did not differ between CR and NR females, indicating that male quality, not the act of choosing a mate, affects fitness. CI females preferred males with longer antennae and their fecundity (lifetime number of eggs) was correlated with male antenna length, consistent with antenna length as an indicator of male ability to transfer nutritive sperm produced in paired harlequin lobes of the testes. Harlequin lobes were smaller in rejected than chosen males. In second-generation mate choice trials, sons of NR females competed well against sons of NA females but not against sons of CI females. This suggests that non-genetic paternal contributions that decline with prior mating account for the attractiveness of sons because sons of CI and NA females shared the same fathers. Sons experiencing mating success came from larger eggs and egg size was greatest for CI females, perhaps as a consequence of paternal nutritional contributions.
Synthesis and structure of environmentally relevant perfluorinated sulfonamides

Alkylated perfluorooctanesulfonamides are compounds of environmental concern. To make these compounds available for environmental and toxicological studies, a series of N-alkylated perfluorooctanesulfonamides and structurally related compounds were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding perfluoroalkanesulfonyl fluoride with a suitable primary or secondary amine. Perfluoroalkanesulfonamidoethanols were obtained from the N-alkyl perfluoroalkanesulfonamides either by direct alkylation with bromoethanol or alkylation with acetic acid 2-bromo-ethyl ester followed by hydrolysis of the acetate. N-Alkyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetates were synthesized in an analogous way by alkylation of N-alkyl perfluoroalkanesulfonamides with a bromo acetic acid ester, followed by basic ester hydrolysis. Alternatively, N-alkyl perfluoroalkanesulfonamides can be alkylated with an appropriate alcohol using the Mitsunobu reaction. Perfluorooctanesulfonamide was synthesized from the perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride via the azide by reduction with Zn/HCl. All perfluorooctanesulfonamides contained linear as well as branched C(8)F(17) isomers, typically in a 20:1 to 30:1 ratio. The crystal structures of N-ethyl and N,N-diethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide show that the S-N bond has considerable double bond character. This double bond character results in a significant rotational barrier around the S-N bond (ΔG(≠) = 62-71 kJ mol(-1)) and a preferred solid state and solution conformation in which the N-alkyl groups are oriented opposite to the perfluorooctyl group to minimize steric crowding around the S-N bond.
A survey of PKI components and scalability issues

In this paper, PKI implementations, namely PKTX, SPKT and PGR are discussed. In all of these systems, there is a need to perform both efficient enrollment and revocation. We examined some of the more common certificate revocation methods. All of these solutions differ in how they balance the amount of communication between the directory and CA with the amount of communication between the directory and the end users. Additionally, some of them make trade-offs to work better in an offline environment. Lastly, we looked closely at some of the newer real-time PKI services such as OCSP, SCVP and DVCS. These services offer everything from real-time certificate status checking to complete certificate validation and verification. SCVP even allows organizations to create central points of management for all certificate handling and PKI policy enforcement. Depending on the goals and resources of a particular project, the most scalable PKI solution will look very different. Thus, it is impossible to say that PKI does or does not scale, but one can only say that a particular PM solution does or does not scale for their environment.
LACK OF ASSORTATIVE MATING FOR TAIL, BODY SIZE, OR CONDITION IN THE ELABORATE MONOMORPHIC TURQUOISE-BROWED MOTMOT (EUMOMOTA SUPERCILIOSA)

Abstract Elaborate male and female plumage can be maintained by mutual sexual selection and function as a mate-choice or status signal in both sexes. Both male and female Turquoise-browed Motmot (Eumomota superciliosa) have long tails that terminate in widened blue-and-black rackets that appear to hang, unattached, below the body of the bird. I tested whether mutual sexual selection maintains the Turquoise-browed Motmot's elaborate tail plumage by testing the prediction that mating occurs in an assortative manner for tail plumage. I also tested whether assortative mating occurs for body size, a potential measure of dominance, and for phenotypic condition, a measure of individual quality. Assortative mating was measured (1) within all pairs in the study population, (2) within newly formed pairs, and (3) within experimentally induced pairs that formed after removal of females from stable pairs. Assortative mating was not found for tail plumage, body size, or phenotypic condition in any of these samples. The...
Higgs-scalar decays: H → W ± + X

Decays of a Higgs scalar in the mass range ${m}_{W}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{m}_{H}\ensuremath{\lesssim}2{m}_{W}$ (${m}_{W}={W}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ mass \ensuremath{\simeq} 83 GeV) are examined. For ${m}_{H}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}125$ GeV, the branching ratio for $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{W}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}+X$ is found to be substantial, provided the top quark is heavy, ${m}_{t}g\frac{{m}_{H}}{2}$. Implications of our results for hadron-hadron-collider experiments are briefly discussed.
Palliative Care Program For Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients: Rebuilding of an Academic Urban Program

Background: Palliative care is extremely important for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected clientele. The impact of HIV infection is significant in the city of New Orleans. As of September ...
Kirchheimer’s French Twist: A Model of the Catch-All Thesis Applied to the French Case

Despite the fact that the catch-all thesis has profoundly affected scholarship on political parties, operationalizing the thesis and applying it to evaluate empirical cases has proved challenging f...
Teaching and assessment strategies that value innovative thinking

Through undergraduate engineering education, we hope to create graduates who have the ability to think creatively and be innovative. Yet, prior studies suggest that students might be losing their creative edge during their undergraduate education. In this workshop, we will review key literature on engineering students' views of innovation and results from a series of studies conducted by the presenters through an NSF CAREER grant. We will then cover strategies to effectively promote and value student innovation. We will focus on planning design activities or projects that are more likely to elicit innovative behavior in students as well as adjustments to assessment practices and grading rubrics that encourage or allow for more innovative work by students.