cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preantibiotic era revisited: Janeway's lesions and Osler's nodes.

A 22-years-old male presented with history of high grade remittent fever, NYHA class II dyspnoea, weight loss, and anorexia of 15 days duration. For the above complaints, he seeks medical advice and started on the third-generation oral cephalosporin which he took for 5 days with partial relief of symptoms before he visited our institute. Physical examination revealed painful erythematous nodular lesions in the pads of fingers and toes ( Panel A ), erythematous painless macules on palms ( Panel B ), and dark red …
A novel rectilinear negative carbon ion beam source for large-area amorphous diamond like carbon coatings

A novel rectilinear negative carbon ion beam source for large-area coatings has been developed, based on SKION’s Solid State Ion Beam Technology. The negative carbon ion beam is effectively produced by a primary cesium ion bombardment and the secondary negative carbon ion yield has been observed to be about 0.5. The ion source produces a negative carbon ion current density of 0.25 mA/cm2 at the extraction voltage of 4 kV. The ion beam energy can be independently controlled from 0 eV to 300 eV. Due to the rectilinear geometry for the production of ion beams, the scale-up of the ion beam in length direction can be easily obtained with no limit. Furthermore, the ion source uses no gas discharge to generate ion beams and does not use any hydrogen gas. The ion source can be operated in a high vacuum (<10-7 Torr), and the cesium vapors are filtered and recirculated. The ion source produces ultra-hard (50 GPa), atomically smooth (< 1 nm Ra), and hydrogen-free amorphous diamond-like-carbon (DLC) films over large areas.
The virome: a missing component of biological interaction networks in health and disease

Host-associated viral populations, viromes, have been understudied relative to their contribution to human physiology. Viruses interact with host gene networks, influencing both health and disease. Analysis of host gene networks in the absence of virome analysis risks missing important network information.
Failure of beta-adrenergic blocking agents to antagonize the hyperglycemic effect of epinephrine in mice.

SummaryChlorpromazine-induced hyperglycemia is abolished by adrenalectomy in mice. The administration of beta-adrenergic blocking agents failed to alter the magnitude of the CPZ-induced hyperglycemia. Similarly, beta-adrenergic blockade does not influence epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in mice. Since beta-adrenolytic agents block both CPZ- and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in rats, the results of the present studies suggest a species difference in the susceptibility of certain adrenergic receptors to beta blockade.
Comparison of Theoretical and Semi-Empirical Solutions for Dissipation Coefficient in a Low Reynolds Number Compressor Cascade

A comparison was made between the theoretical and semi-empirical solutions of the dissipation coefficient in a low Reynolds number NACA 65-series compressor cascade. The entropy generation rate quantifies the energy dissipated within the boundary layer, and this quantity can be transformed into a non-dimensional form known as the dissipation coefficient. The dissipation coefficient was determined from blade surface laminar boundary layer measurements at a chord Reynolds number of 8,500 and solidities of 1.5 and 2.0 at a fixed inflow angle of 40/. Results show that the semi-empirical method is able to predict the dissipation coefficient in good agreement with the theoretical results. This suggests that the semi-empirical method may be used as an alternative method for determining the entropy generation rate, and provide a tool in the design of compressor cascade blades and their optimization.
The case for the super collider

The enormous recent progress in particle physics is directly related to the power of accelerators. The next stage requires a superconducting super collider, a project the author believes the U.S. government should support.
Anti-CD47 Treatment Stimulates Phagocytosis of Glioblastoma by M1 and M2 Polarized Macrophages and Promotes M1 Polarized Macrophages In Vivo

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent an important cellular subset within the glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) microenvironment and are a potential therapeutic target. TAMs display a continuum of different polarization states between antitumorigenic M1 and protumorigenic M2 phenotypes, with a lower M1/M2 ratio correlating with worse prognosis. Here, we investigated the effect of macrophage polarization on anti-CD47 antibody-mediated phagocytosis of human glioblastoma cells in vitro, as well as the effect of anti-CD47 on the distribution of M1 versus M2 macrophages within human glioblastoma cells grown in mouse xenografts. Bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages and peripheral blood-derived human macrophages were polarized in vitro toward M1 or M2 phenotypes and verified by flow cytometry. Primary human glioblastoma cell lines were offered as targets to mouse and human M1 or M2 polarized macrophages in vitro. The addition of an anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody led to enhanced tumor-cell phagocytosis by mouse and human M1 and M2 macrophages. In both cases, the anti-CD47-induced phagocytosis by M1 was more prominent than that for M2. Dissected tumors from human glioblastoma xenografted within NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice and treated with anti-CD47 showed a significant increase of M1 macrophages within the tumor. These data show that anti-CD47 treatment leads to enhanced tumor cell phagocytosis by both M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes with a higher phagocytosis rate by M1 macrophages. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that anti-CD47 treatment alone can shift the phenotype of macrophages toward the M1 subtype in vivo.
Bovine fast-twitch myosin light chain 1: cloning and mRNA amount in muscle of cattle treated with clenbuterol

The cDNA clone encoding the fast-twitch isoform of myosin light chain 1 (MLC-1f) was isolated from bovine longissimus dorsi muscle and sequenced in M13 and pUC8. An 0.8-kb subclone, produced by digestion of the cDNA with EcoRI, contained the portion of the molecule common to MLC-1f and MLC-3f. The cDNA in pUC8 contained an additional 81 bp upstream of the EcoR I digestion site, which was unique to MLC-1f. The cDNA clone was used to measure MLC-1f mRNA in longissimus dorsi muscle of cattle chronically administered the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol. Treatment with clenbuterol for 50 days increased succinic dehydrogenase negative (type IIB) and positive (types I and IIA) myofiber cross-sectional areas by 25%. After the 50-day treatment period, the amount of MLC-1f mRNA was 90% greater in longissimus dorsi muscle of treated animals than in the initial group. This effect was lost when clenbuterol treatment was withdrawn for a 78-day period, during which time muscle growth in the treated animals stopped completely. We conclude that we have cloned the bovine cDNA for MLC-1f, which has provided additional evidence that beta-adrenergic agonists increase myofibrillar gene expression.
The therapeutic impact of dipyridamole: chemopotentiation of the cytotoxic combination 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin in an animal model of human bladder cancer.

Using an in vivo assay of tumor cytotoxicity (the subrenal capsule assay in nude mice), two therapeutic strategies for the treatment of advanced human transitional cell carcinoma have been evaluated: 1) the use of 5-fluorouracil in combination with cisplatin and 2) the ability of the chemosensitizer dipyridamole to augment the cytotoxicity of CDDP and 5FU. A moderate cytotoxic response of human TCC line DU-4284 to single agent CDDP was seen; it was dose dependent at minimally toxic doses [maximal cytotoxicity--27% tumor survival (%TS) relative to control]. Efficacy was further significantly enhanced by the addition of DP [11%TS (p = .008)]. 5FU at minimally toxic doses (100 and 150 mg./kg.) also demonstrated moderate dose-dependent cytotoxic activity (35 and 31%TS, respectively) which was further enhanced by DP [21%TS (p = .03) and 18%TS (p = .05)]. A constant dose ratio of CDDP/5FU when diluted showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity; at the highest dose dilution studied, substantial cytotoxic efficacy (17%TS) was attained. The cytotoxicity of 5FU/CDDP was order independent (p = .95). The addition of DP to this combination (5FU/CDDP) further enhanced efficacy; host toxicity was not substantially enhanced. A multiple regression analysis confirmed a statistically significant effect of DP with both CDDP and 5FU (p = .001 and 0.0001, respectively); tests for trend showed no significant interaction (p = 0.33 for all models). It is concluded that, in this preclinical in vivo model of human bladder cancer, 1) CDDP and 5FU show substantial enhanced efficacy when combined, and 2) DP serves as an in vivo chemosensitizer of both CDDP and 5FU; DP further augments the efficacy of this binary combination. These data would indicate the potential of this ternary (5FU/CDDP/DP) drug therapeutic regimen for clinical trial to treat advanced bladder cancer.
High-Fructose Intake Impairs the Hepatic Hypolipidemic Effects of a High-Fat Fish-Oil Diet in C57BL/6 Mice.

Background Overnutrition of saturated fats and fructose is one of the major factors for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Because omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3fa) have established lipid lowering properties, we tested the hypothesis that n-3fa prevents high-fat and fructose-induced fatty liver disease in mice. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of the following diet groups for 14 weeks: normal diet (ND), high-fat lard-based diet (HFD), HFD with fructose (HFD+Fru), high-fat fish-oil diet (FOD), or FOD+Fru. Results Despite for the development of obesity and insulin resistance, FOD had 65.3% lower ( P P =0.173) in FOD+Fru. The lower hepatic triglyceride levels were associated with a lower expression of lipogenic genes LXRα and FASN, as well as the expression of genes associated with fatty acid uptake and triglyceride synthesis, CD36 and SCD1, respectively. Conversely, the blunted hypotriglyceride effect of FOD+Fru was associated with a higher expression of CD36 and SCD1. Conclusions During overnutrition, a diet rich in n-3fa may prevent the severity of hepatic steatosis; however, when juxtaposed with a diet high in fructose, the deleterious effects of overnutrition blunted the hypolipidemic effects of n-3fa.
Li-ion battery cooling system integrates in nano-fluid environment

In this design challenge by the Texas Space Grant Consortium, the researchers design a cooling system for a lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion batteries are an effective and reliable source of energy for small, portable devices. However, similar to other existing sources of energy, there is always a problem with overheating. The objective is to design a cooling system for lithium-ion batteries that will work in a zero gravity environment for orbital and interplanetary space systems. The system is to serve as a backup battery and a signal booster that can be incorporated into a spacesuit. The design must be able to effectively cool the batteries without the use of an atmosphere to carry away heat but also be a lightweight and reliable design. The design incorporates carbon nanotubes suspended in distilled water creating a nano-fluid environment. This design must include a failsafe in the event of thermal runaway, a problem common to lithium-ion batteries. This failsafe will completely shut off the system if the batteries reach a certain temperature. A cooling system that incorporates nano-fluids will achieve a lightweight and efficient way of cooling batteries.
Cooperative Path Planning for a Heterogeneous Robotic System Composed of a Humanoid Robot and a Wheel Robot

This study presents a path planning strategy for a robotic system, subject to visibility restrictions, composed of a humanoid robot and a wheel robot. The planner calculates a cooperative pathway, assuming a known map a priori, considering that the humanoid robot is identified by a mark placed inside its front portion and all information processing is executed in the mobile robot. Experimental results validated the proposed idea.
Implementing enterprise resource planning packages in different corporate and national cultures

ERP (enterprise resource planning) packages provide generic off-the-shelf business and software solutions for customers. However, these packages are implemented in companies with different corporate and national cultures and there is growing evidence that failure to adapt ERP packages to fit these cultures leads to projects which are expensive and overdue. This paper describes research which synthesizes social science theories of culture in order to be able to model and predict the impact of culture on ERP package implementation. It describes a knowledge meta-schema for modelling the surface and deeper manifestations of culture and predictions of ERP implementation problems based on national culture differences. It reports on an empirical study into the implementation of ERP packages in a large pharmaceuticals organization in Scandinavia and the UK. The results provide evidence for an association between corporate culture and ERP implementation problems but no direct evidence for an association between national culture and implementation problems. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that these diverse implementation problems can be caused by a mismatch between a small set of core values which are indicative of a customer's corporate culture. The paper concludes with revisions to the design of our extended method for ERP package implementation to the design of the meta-model and to rules that codify culture constraints that are applied in order to analyse instances of the meta-model.
Closed form stability solution of simply supported anisotropic laminated composite plates under axial compression compared with experiments

Abstract Closed form expression for the buckling load of generally anisotropic laminated composite simply supported thin plates is derived. The Rayleigh-Ritz displacement field approximation based on the energy approach introduced an upper bound solution compared to the FE results. Therefore, the critical stability matrix is used to obtain an accurate buckling formula. The effective axial, coupling and flexural stiffness coefficients of the anisotropic layup is determined from the generalized constitutive relationship using dimensional reduction by static condensation of the 6 × 6 composite stiffness matrix. The resulting explicit formula has an additional term, which is a function of the effective coupling and axial stiffness. This formula reduces down to Euler buckling formula once the effective coupling stiffness term vanishes for isotropic and certain classes of laminated composites. The closed form results are verified against finite element Eigenvalue solutions for a wide range of anisotropic laminated layups yielding high accuracy. Comparisons with a limited number of experiments are also performed showing good correspondence. A brief parametric study is then conducted to examine the effect of ply orientations and material properties including hybrid carbon/glass fiber composites. Relevance of the numerical and closed form results is discussed for all these cases.
Teaching NeuroImages: Spontaneous involution of symptomatic delayed tumefactive cyst following radiosurgery for AVM.

A 65-year-old woman underwent radiosurgery for a left temporal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) (figure 1A). Follow-up MRI/magnetic resonance angiography 3 years later demonstrated postradiation changes (figure 1B) and AVM resolution (figure 2). Six years posttreatment, she had progressive headaches and aphasia and a large cyst (figure 1C). Her symptoms resolved acutely without treatment. MRI 3 months later showed reduction of the cyst with mass effect resolution related to spontaneous fenestration in the ventricle (figure 1D).
The Dynamics of Legitimacy Change for the U.S. Supreme Court

ABSTRACTThis study examines how the Court's highly salient decision in NFIB v. Sebelius affected its legitimacy using a nationally representative panel survey that assessed legitimacy perceptions before and after the decision. The study proposes that perceptions of what influences the Court's decision-making process moderate the relationship between legitimacy change and policy output. It describes the multiple modes of evaluation theory that governs this relationship and applies it in the novel context of the policy attitude–legitimacy relationship. The results reveal that when the Court is perceived as using a principled or legalistic decision-making process, legitimacy always increases, irrespective of a person's agreement with the decision. When the Court is perceived as ideological, a pleasing decision increases legitimacy and a displeasing one decreases legitimacy. Finally, when the Court is perceived as affected by public opinion, its legitimacy is unaffected by both pleasing and displeasing decisions.
The role of school climate in rates of depression and suicidal ideation among school-attending foster youth in California public schools

Abstract Drawing from the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 administrations of the California Healthy Kids Survey, this study explored the relationships between school climate and depression tendency and suicidal ideation among foster youth in California public schools. This research also evaluated the data for the secondary purpose of examining the possible differences in the levels of depression tendency and suicidal ideation among foster youth by race and gender. Findings indicated a positive school climate is associated with lower rates of depression tendency and suicidal ideation among foster youth. In addition, female foster youth reported higher rates of depression tendency and suicidal ideation when compared to their male counterparts. We also discovered foster youth of color were significantly less likely to report depression tendency and suicidal ideation than their White peers. Results of this study stand to inform current and future school-based programs and supports for foster youth.
Efficient computation of first-order markov measures on large evolving graphs

A useful information infrastructure can be created from various types of data by modeling the set of data objects as a set of nodes, and the relationship (e.g. transition or interaction) between them as a set of links. Such a representation is commonly referred to as a link graph, and the analytical techniques associated with such representations are called link analysis techniques. These techniques have played a crucial role in improving applications such as Web searches, Web-based social networks, and cyber security. Link analysis techniques have been successfully applied to derive popular measurements such as PageRank, TrustRank, and SpamRank, which belong to a class of first-order Markov measures. A first-order Markov measure for a node is a measure that depends only on the set of nodes with direct links to it. A key characteristic of the representation of data as link graphs is that these graphs evolve as the corresponding real world phenomena change over time. Understanding such phenomena requires a study of the evolution of their representative graphs and the measures associated with them. However, the large size of these graphs and their evolution over time pose challenges in the computation of measures such as PageRank. This dissertation presents techniques for efficient computation for First-Order Markov Measures (FOMM) on large graphs that evolve over time. PageRank is used as a representative of the class of first-order Markov measures. The objective is to develop work reduction techniques to reduce the computation time for graphs representing relationships between nodes at a single point in time (static graphs) and graphs that evolve over time (evolving graphs). A "divide and conquer" strategy is proposed for the efficient computation of PageRank. This can be achieved by using a novel graph-partitioning technique to divide the graph into a set of subgraphs, the measure for each of which can be computed independently. This strategy differs from existing approaches in that it can be combined with any existing enhancements to PageRank. This approach also leads naturally into the development of an incremental approach for the computation of such ranking metrics, given that these large graphs evolve over a period of time. Finally, I/O efficient methods are proposed to compute first-order Markov measures on large static and evolving graphs. The experimental results for a static single graph (graph at a single time instance) as well as for the incremental computations in evolving graphs, illustrate the usefulness of the presented approach. This dissertation opens new directions for research such as (a) exploration of efficient computational techniques for other classes of measures (b) incremental maintenance of evolving graphs, and (c) analysis of graph growth models and dynamically changing change graphs.
Tandem Allylation/1,2-Boronate Rearrangement for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolines with Adjacent Quaternary Stereocenters

A three-component coupling using lithiated indoles, boronate esters and allylic acetates generates chiral indolines with adjacent quaternary stereocenters. Successful stereocontrol required the use of phosphoramidite ligands not previously described for organopalladium chemistry. Mechanistic studies indicate a monodentate PdL intermediate, and a stepwise allylation-aryl/alkyl migration. A protodeborylation strategy was used to install a C–H bond in place of the C–B bond. A photoredox coupling was used to replace C–B bond with a C–C bond in a highly diastereoselective manner. In the specific case of methyl-vinyl ketone, a novel radical-mediated annulation provides polycyclic products with high enantio- and diastereoselectivity.
The Strength of Performative Ties

Knowledge has grown to occupy a major role in the discussion on firm performance. Yet most studies have examined knowledge transfer only locally, within a acquainted dyad or an group, or organizationally, between units and firms. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in multiple offices of a large, multinational professional service firm, we identify the pervasive presence of spontaneous knowledge transactions between unacquainted individuals, despite geographical distance, absence of exchange history, or expectations of future interaction. We present the minutiae of such transactions and hypothesize on two boundary conditions for their success: affiliation and status similarity. Highlighting the difference between the observed phenomenon, indirect ties, and complete lack of acquaintanceship, we propose a definition of Performative Ties. We argue that such ties are theoretically significant, have several advantages for knowledge dissemination, and have been observed elsewhere although never explicitly identified...
Pathophysiology of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Treatment: Recent Advancements

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful and debilitating disorder involving dysfunction in multiple body systems. This review seeks to evaluate recent data and present treatment options for the practical management of this condition. The mechanism by which CRPS develops is multifactorial, affecting both the peripheral and central nervous systems, and nerve changes can be seen at a histologic level. Treatment should be initiated as early as possible, as the chronic disease is less responsive to intervention. CRPS is a clinical diagnosis; treatment is symptomatic and aimed at addressing the sensory, vasomotor, sudomotor, and trophic changes which occur in the context of severe pain. Management may include therapy, oral or intravenous medication, procedures, or surgery.
Association Between Type of Vascular Access Used in Hemodialysis Patients and Subsequent Kidney Transplant Outcomes

Rationale & Objective Vascular access type (arteriovenous fistula [AVF] vs arteriovenous graft [AVG] vs central venous catheter [CVC]) associates with clinical outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Whether a similar association exists with outcomes after kidney transplantation is unknown. We hypothesized that AVGs would associate with worse outcomes, perhaps owing to persistent subclinical inflammation. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting & Participants Using US registry data merged with electronic health records of a large dialysis organization (2006-2011), we selected patients receiving a first-ever kidney transplant after undergoing more than 30 days of hemodialysis. Exposure Hemodialysis access used during the patient's last pretransplantation hemodialysis session. Outcomes Patients were followed up from kidney transplantation for all-cause mortality, kidney allograft loss from any cause, and allograft loss not from death. Analytical Approach Time-to-event analysis including Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression estimated cause-specific HRs and 95% CIs. Results Among 9,291 patients who underwent kidney transplantation between 2006 and 2011, a total of 65.3% used an AVF, 20.4% used an AVG, and 14.3% used a CVC for hemodialysis before transplantation. Multivariable regression models adjusted for demographic variables, comorbid conditions, transplant characteristics, and laboratory parameters identified no independent associations between vascular access type and all-cause mortality (HRAVG, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.97-1.33]; HRCVC, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.83-1.21]). Similarly, AVG and CVC use were not independently associated with all-cause allograft loss compared with AVF use (HRAVG, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.00-1.28]; HRCVC, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.96-1.29]). CVC use was associated with 30% higher risk for allograft loss from causes other than death compared with AVF use (HRCVC, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.06-1.57]), but AVGs were not (HRAVG, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.98-1.39]). Limitations Nonrandomized exposure leading to potential residual confounding. Conclusions No association was found for AVG use before kidney transplantation with mortality, all-cause allograft loss, and allograft loss from all causes other than death, compared with AVF use. The association of CVC use with allograft loss from causes other than death requires further investigation.
Moving Toward Intelligence: Detecting Symbols on 5G Systems Through Deep Echo State Network

Due to the nonlinear distortion caused by radio-frequency (RF) components in the transceiver, detecting transmitted symbols for multiple-input and multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems can be challenging and resource consuming. In this work, we introduce a Deep Echo State Network (DESN) to serve as the symbol detector for 5G communication networks. Our DESN employs memristive synapses as the dynamic reservoir layer to accelerate the learning algorithm and computation. By cascading multiple dynamic reservoir layers in a hierarchical processing structure, our DESN processes received signal in both spatial and temporal domains. The resulting hybrid memristor-CMOS co-design provides the nonlinear computation required by the reservoir layer while significantly reduces the power consumption. From the benchmark on nonlinear system prediction, our DESN exhibits 10.31 X reduction on the prediction error compared to state-of-the-art neural network designs. Moreover, our DESN records a bit error rate (BER) of $5.76 \times 10^{-2}$ on the high-speed transmitted symbol detection task for MIMO-OFDM systems, yielding 47.73% more precise than state-of-the-art techniques in the literate for 5G communication networks.
Compression behavior of microcrystalline cellulose spheres: Single particle compression and confined bulk compression across regimes

Abstract Particle characteristics can drastically influence the process-structure-property-performance aspects of granular materials in compression. We aim to computationally simulate the mechanical processes of stress redistribution in compacts including the kinematics of particle rearrangement during densification and particle deformation leading to fragmentation. Confined compression experiments are conducted with three sets of commercial microcrystalline cellulose particles nearly spherical in shape with different mean particle size. Experimentally measured compression curves from tall powder columns are fitted with the Kenkre et al. (J. of American Chemical Society, Vol. 79, No. 12) model. This model provides a basis to derive several common two-parameter literature models and as a framework to incorporate statistical representations of critical particle behaviors. We focus on the low-stress compression data and the model comparisons typically not discussed in the literature. Additional single particle compressions report fracture strength with particle size for comparison to the apparent particle strength extracted from bulk compression data.
Changes in Interventional Pain Physician Decision-Making, Practice Patterns, and Mental Health During the Early Phase of the SARS-CoV-2 Global Pandemic.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The novel coronavirus outbreak (SARS-CoV-2) began in late 2019 and dramatically impacted health care systems. This study aimed to describe the impact of the early phase of the pandemic on physician decision-making, practice patterns, and mental health. METHODS: An anonymous survey was distributed to physician members of the Spine Intervention Society (SIS) on March 24 and April 7, 2020. Respondents provided information regarding changes in clinical volume, treatment, and mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-4]) before April 10, 2020. RESULTS: Of the 1,430 individuals who opened the survey, 260 completed it (18.2%). Overall clinical and procedural volume decreased to 69.6% and 13.0% of prepandemic volume, respectively. Mean in-person clinic visits were reduced to 17.7% of total prepandemic clinic volume. Ongoing clinical visits were predominantly completed via telemedicine (video) or telephone (74.5%), rather than in-person (25.5%). Telemedicine and telephone visits represented 24.6% and 27.3% of prepandemic clinical volume, respectively. Respondents decreased in-person visits of select groups of high-risk patients by 85.8-94.6%. Significantly more providers reported increasing rather than decreasing prescriptions of the following medications: opioids (28.8% vs 6.2% of providers, P < 0.001), muscle relaxants (22.3% vs 5.4%, P < 0.001), neuropathic pain medications (29.6% vs 3.8%, P < 0.001), and acetaminophen (26.2% vs 4.2%, P < 0.001). Respondents' mean PHQ-4 score was 3.1, with 19% reporting moderate or severe psychological distress. Several demographic factors were significantly associated with practice changes. CONCLUSIONS: The novel coronavirus pandemic dramatically altered the practice and prescribing patterns of interventional pain physicians.
Cost-efficient Hands-on Learning Design for Computer Organization Course

This paper has probed an innovative hands-on activity for Computer Organization course with a cost-effective laboratory setting. A Computer Organization is one of the most important subjects for computer science (CS) students, because the subject focuses on fundamental relationship between hardware and software components in computer systems. Due to its importance, effective and appropriate pedagogies are required in this area. Simulation tools were widely used to visualize the processing of instructions and help understanding the concept of computer systems rather than teaching the concept with traditional lecture method. Teaching method combined with simulators has been issued on the table and raised an inquiry whether it really relates to meaningful student involvement or not. The use of hands-on activities has been shown to improve students’ interest in and ability to understand course material. We designed a cost-effective laboratory setup and a set of hands-on activities for the course using low-cost single board computers, i.e. Raspberry Pi. This article introduces how to combine hardware components (e.g. wires, LEDs, resisters, breadboard, ICs) and Python programs to develop hands-on activities for the Computer Organization course. The survey results including fall 2018, spring 2019 and fall 2019 show that almost 90% of students prefer to learn through hands-on activities and the activities during the class helped improve their learning.
Leadership and Diversity in Statistics: Great Initiatives by Faculty Advocates

This chapter describes several high-impact and enduring diversity efforts initiated by or in connection with Statistics faculty: NC State’s GLBT Center and Faculty Salary Equity Study, the Joint Statistical Meetings Diversity Mentoring Program, the National Alliance for Doctoral Studies in the Mathematical Sciences (the Math Alliance), and StatFest.
Optimal adaptive inspection and maintenance for redundant systems

Optimal exploration of engineering systems can be guided by the principle of Value of Information (VoI), which accounts for the topological important of components, their reliability and the manage...
The Cambridge Companion to British Romantic Poetry

More than any other period of British literature, Romanticism is strongly identified with a single genre. Romantic poetry has been one of the most enduring, best loved, most widely read and most frequently studied genres for two centuries and remains no less so today. This Companion offers a comprehensive overview and interpretation of the poetry of the period in its literary and historical contexts. The essays consider its metrical, formal, and linguistic features; its relation to history; its influence on other genres; its reflections of empire and nationalism, both within and outside the British Isles; and the various implications of oral transmission and the rapid expansion of print culture and mass readership. Attention is given to the work of less well-known or recently rediscovered authors, alongside the achievements of some of the greatest poets in the English language: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, Scott, Burns, Keats, Shelley, Byron and Clare.
Thermodynamics of alkali metal cation complexation by di-ionized calix[4]arene ligands

Binding of five alkali metal cation (AMC) species by di-ionized calix[4]arene ligands is investigated by isothermal calorimetric titration in methanol at 25.0 °C. Acidic functions attached through the phenolic oxygens to the calixarene scaffold are –OCH2CO2H and –OCH2C(O)NHS2X with X = –Me, –Ph, –C6H4–4–NO2 and –CF3. By use of strongly basicO methoxide media, di-ionized forms of the ligands are employed for titration of the AMCs. By variation of the two remaining lower-rim substituents from –OMe to –OBu, the ring conformation is changed from flexible to cone, partial-cone and 1,3-alternate. Effects of these structural variations on the binding constants for complexation of the AMCs are assessed.
A Large Strain Isotropic Elasticity Model Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Metallic Glass

For an isotropic hyperelastic material, the free energy per unit reference volume, ψ, may be expressed in terms of an isotropic function ψ = ¯ ψ(E) of the logarithmic elas- tic strain E = ln V. We have conducted numerical experiments using molecular dynamics simulations of a metallic glass to develop the following simple specialized form of the free energy for circumstances in which one might encounter a large volumetric strain tr E ,b ut the shear strain √ 2|E0| (with E0 the deviatoric part of E) is small but not infinitesimal: ψ(E) = μ(tr E) |E0| 2 + g(tr E), with μ(tr E) = μr − (μr − μ0) exp tr E � r , and
OLED design for solid state lighting applications

Summary form only given. In the short term, as OLED infrastructure and technology mature, OLEDs will begin to make inroads into niche or specialty lighting applications. Longer term, if the tremendous rate of technical progress can be sustained into the next decade, OLED technology has the potential to impact general illumination applications. For general illumination, the natural goal for OLEDs is to displace the current fluorescent technology. The key challenges that must be met by OLED technology to enable general illumination applications are: to generate illumination quality white light; to achieve the low cost manufacturing potential of OLEDs; to increase lifetime at high brightness; and to increase efficiency.
Precision Grinding of Ultra-Thin Quartz Wafers

For bulk acoustic wave quartz resonators, the central resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the wafer thickness. The tolerance of the resonant frequency is directly proportional to the total thickness variation of the quartz wafer. To increase the operating frequency while preserving a high tolerance on frequency, thinner quartz wafers with better thickness tolerances are needed. This paper describes the design and implementation of a precision grinding apparatus capable of producing ultra-thin quartz wafers to better thickness tolerances than previously achieved. A distributed-stress fixturing method that permits machining of ultra-thin, brittle substrates is described. The machine’s precision has been achieved through a high stiffness structural loop and real-time position feedback control. Optical interferometry is used in a new technique to measure thickness variation over the entire wafer. This research will enable production of quartz crystal oscillators with higher frequencies and better quality for the resonator industry.
Single versus Multiple Systems of Learning and Memory

This chapter explores the debate between single and multiple systems. The focus is on the methodologies that have been proposed for testing between these two positions: an explicit system that is rule-based, and an implicit system that operates largely without conscious awareness. In particular, we ask the following questions: 1) What constitutes a separate system? 2) What is the appropriate way to resolve this debate empirically?, and 3) What are the best empirical methodologies for testing between single and multiple systems? Finally, as a model of this debate, we focus on the question of whether human category learning is mediated by single or multiple systems. Keywords: categorization; dissociations; learning; memory; multiple systems; single system
Co-assembly of cyclic peptide nanotubes and block copolymers in thin films: controlling the kinetic pathway.

Directed co-assembly of polymer-conjugated cyclic peptide nanotubes (CPNs) and block copolymers in thin films is a viable approach to fabricate sub-nanometer porous membranes without synthesizing nanotubes with identical length and vertical alignment. Here we show that the process is pathway dependent and successful co-assembly requires eliminating CPNs larger than 100 nm in solution. Optimizing polymer–solvent interactions can improve conjugate dispersion to a certain extent, but this limits thin film fabrication. Introduction of a trace amount of hydrogen-bond blockers, such as trifluoroacetic acid by vapor absorption, is more effective to reduce CPN aggregation in solution and circumvents issues of solvent immiscibility. This study provides critical insights into guided assemblies within nanoscopic frameworks toward sub-nanometer porous membranes.
Electrolyte distribution in rabbit superior cervical ganglion.

— Superior cervical ganglia of the rabbit were removed and analysed for Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl−. The mean electrolyte content in μmole/g wet wt. was as follows: Na+, 64.7 ± 1.3; K+, 65.1 ± 2.7; Ca2+, 3.71 ± 0.28; Mg2+, 3.70 ± 0.50; and Cl−, 50.15 ± 2.26. Water content was 0.76 ± 0.01 ml/g wet wt. Extracellular space was 0.37 ± 0.01 ml/g, and the vascular space 0.0238 ± 0.0002. The mean resting potential of the rabbit superior cervical ganglion was – 68.6 mv. After correction for extracellular electrolyte content, the potential differences, ENa, EK and Ecl, were estimated to be +33.6 mv, –96.9 mv and -41.1 mv, respectively, in the ganglia. Permeability coefficients for K+, Na+, and Cl− were estimated to be 1:0.06:0.02. Replacement of sodium in physiological saline solution by lithium results in a displacement of 94 per cent of the sodium content of the ganglion and 69 per cent of the potassium after 30 min of equilibration.
Thermal boundary layer due to sudden heating of fluid

This paper proposes to solve computationally the heat-transfer problems (introduced by Munukutla and Venkataraman, 1988) related to a closed-cycle pulsed high-power laser flow loop. The continuity and the momentum equations as well as the unsteady energy equation are solved using the Keller-Box method. The solutions were compared with the steady-state solutions at large times, and the comparison was found to be excellent. Empirical formulas are proposed for calculating the time-dependent boundary-layer thickness and mass-heat transfer, that can be used by laser flow loop designers. 6 refs.
Child Psychiatry Perspectives: The Cultivation of Children

Abstract Two great American psychiatrists, Benjamin Rush and Leo Kanner, epitomize the history of our profession as a force for human health. Rush, a heroic patriot in the American Revolution and in the antislavery movement, was a medical zealot whose therapeutic efforts were blemished by a blind commitment to theory. Kanner, no less a democrat but an open-minded empiricist as a clinician, exemplifies what concern for the unfortunate can contribute to the betterment of their lot. Social injustices continue to retard the development of children. In the best tradition of our history, we must act as advocates for all children.
Effect of sex and exercise on liver and plasma lipids of the rat.

The effect of voluntary exercise on plasma and hepatic lipids was studied in 24 week old male and female Long-Evans rats who were fed a high sucrose (73% of calories) diet containing saturated fat and cholesterol for a 10 week period. Blood lipids were analyzed at week 0, 2, 5 and 10 and liver lipids at week 0 and 10. Half of the animals were housed in individual activity wheels where the females voluntarily ran 4.3 miles/day and the males voluntarily ran 2.4 miles/day. Compared to the males, the females 1. exhibited a greater lipogenic response to the diet, 2. showed a greater lowering of plasma and liver triglyceride and plasma cholesterol ester with exercise, and 3. developed with exercise a higher relative heart weight. Exercise was successful in the males in producing a 75% reduction in the level of hepatic cholesterol ester seen in the non-exercising males. The importance of this study is seen in the lipid-lowering effects of voluntary exercise which avoids food and water deprivation and thus the stress concurrent with forced exercise regimes.
Thermoregulation in the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus): The use of regional heterothermia

Abstract 1. 1. Regional heterothermia, metabolic rates, and whole-body insulation were studied in six muskrats ( Ondatra zibethicus ), restrained in air and in water at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30°C. 2. 2. Appendicular temperatures were found to approach ambient temperature at all temperatures in water and at 20 and 25°C in air. 3. 3. In air at 30°C, appendicular temperatures increased above ambient temperature after an average colonic temperature of 39°C was attained. 4. 4. High peripheral temperatures, due to vasodilation, decrease whole-body insulation and allow for increased heat dissipation, while peripheral temperatures approaching ambient temperature, resulting from vasoconstriction or counter-current heat exchange, increase whole-body insulation thus maximizing heat conservation. 5. 5. The causative factor for the differential responses of muskrats in air and water was considered to be the higher thermal conductivity of water.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Associated with Colic in 23 Horses (1984–1989)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) secondary to colic was diagnosed in 23 horses. Each horse was categorized retrospectively as to the cause of the colic based on surgical and/or necropsy findings: group 1 consisted of 14 horses with compromised intestine that required resection and anastomosis; group 2 consisted of 3 horses with nonstrangulating intestinal displacement and/or impactions; and group 3 consisted of 6 horses with colic associated with enteritis and/or colitis. Horses were considered to be affected with DIC if at least three of five hemostatic parameters were significantly abnormal: decreased antithrombin III (AT III) values, increased level of fibrin degradation products (FDP), thrombocytopenia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and prolonged prothrombin time. The most consistent hemostatic abnormalities were decreased AT III activity, increased FDP titers, and thrombocytopenia. Clotting times were more variable and did not always correlate with the presence of excessive hemorrhage. Excessive hemorrhage was present during surgery in seven horses and occurred within 1 to 12 hours after surgery in nine other horses. In addition to treatment of the primary disease, 19 horses received treatment for DIC consisting of heparin and/or plasma or fresh whole blood transfusions. Heparin alone was used in 12 horses. Heparin, in addition to fresh whole blood transfusions or fresh plasma, was administered to four horses. Three horses were treated with plasma alone. Four other horses were not treated specifically for the DIC. Eight horses (34%) survived the acute coagulopathy. Although a greater proportion of the surviving horses received heparin therapy (87.5%; 7/8) than did those that died (60%; 9/15), the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.345).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ethics and the Capitalist‐Liberal Organisation: Implications for a Social Economy in the United States

Over the last several years, reports of scandals and questionable business and political behaviour have appeared in American society with seemingly increasing frequency. They range from athletic and military recruiting misdeeds to public officials and private businessmen accepting bribes and payoffs. These wrongdoings are not limited to working adults, as students have been involved in such misbehaviour as cheating in examinations and falsifying school records. Crimes of all types among youth and adults, especially violent crimes, are on the increase. Suicide, drug addiction, and alcoholism are rising. If there were measures for impoliteness and rudeness, it is possible that these, too, would show an increase. In public places there seems to be less regard for other people and their property, as indicated by the shoving and crowding in ticket lines, and by the trash and garbage left behind at movie theatres, concerts, sporting events, parks, beaches, and public places generally. To many observers, the United States has become a nation of self‐centred, disposable consumers who are always seeking to take advantage of the other person. Whether it is the corporation or the governmental agency, the big business executive, the small businessperson, the student, the athlete, the athletic and military recruiting officers, the hourly worker, the doctor, the lawyer, the politician, the government bureaucrat, the fan, the theatre‐goer, or the local gardener—all are trying to outdo their competitors in the contest for personal success and survival. And it appears that the contestants are transgressing the rules of the game in increasing numbers. What society defines as ethical behaviour is far less than that.
Rhythmic movement disorder after general anesthesia

Dystonic movements after general anesthesia are very rare. The differential diagnosis includes adverse drug reaction, local anesthetic reaction, emergence delirium, hysterical response, and shivering. We present a case of a 10-year-old, otherwise healthy girl undergoing outpatient foot surgery. Involuntary jerking movements of her arms and torso every time she would drift off to sleep started about 2.5 hours after emergence from general anesthesia. The patient was easily arousable and absolutely unaware of the movements. These movements lasted for several days before they resolved completely. We believe to present the first case of sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder after general anesthesia, considering the nature of the movements in our patient.