cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A generic BASIC program for data communications

A feature of the interpretive BASIC languages supplied on most microcomputers is that codes from several "BASICS" may be combined in the same program. When the executed code is correct and the code foreign to the interpreter being used is bypassed, problems do not occur. Thus, BASIC programs can be prepared which run on several different .machines. A front-end menu query is utilized to identify the brand of microcomputer on which the program is running. The source code (see Appendix) displays a hybrid BASIC program that has been used to transfer both text and BASIC programs among ffiM-PC, Radio Shack TRS80 Model ill, and Apple lIe microcomputers. Lines 240360 are consistent with the syntax rules for all three computers and present the menu through which the computer brand is identified. The user answers a query about whether to send or receive a file, and names the file to be accessed for transmission or the file to be received and stored. Lines 70-200 handle communications to and from the TRS-80 microcomputer, lines 370-610 control communications to and from the ffiM-PC, and lines 620-820 govern communications to and from the Apple lIe. If a machine other than one of the three listed is used, it may trap certain types of errors; that is, lines of code which will not run under the machine's interpreter may not be enterable from the keyboard. Should this situation arise, the user simply bypasses that line and continues to enter the remaining lines of program code. This is not a problem when the program executes because the unenterable lines would not have been executed on the machine. Communications from the sending to the receiving microcomputers are handled using standard asynchronous (RS-232)procedures. Our approach is to fit the microcomputers' serial communications ports with the appropriate vendor's RS-232 cables and then connect these cables using a modem eliminator. If the necessary cables are not readily available from the computer manufacturers, then substitutes as well as a modem eliminator may be purchased from a retail computer store or outlet. The demonstration program shown in the Appendix utilizes timing delays, set within the program, to mediate
Axial Oxygen-Centered Lattice Instabilities and High-Temperature Superconductivity

Copper K-edge x-ray absorption data indicate that an axial oxygen-centered lattice instability accompanying the 93 K superconducting transition in YBa2Cu3O7 is of a pseudo-(anti)ferroelectric type, in that it appears to involve the softening of a double potential well into a structure in which the difference between the two copper-oxygen distances and the barrier height have both decreased. This softer structure is present only at temperatures within a fluctuation region around the transition. A similar process involving the analogous axial oxygen atom also accompanies the superconducting transition in T1Ba2Ca3Cu4O11, where the superconducting transition temperature Tc is ~120 K. The mean square relative displacement of this oxygen atom in YBa2Cu3O7 is also specifically affected by a reduction in the oxygen content and by the substitution of cobalt for copper, providing further evidence for the sensitivity of the displacement to additional factors that also influence the superconductivity. On the basis of the implied coupling of this ionic motion to the superconductivity, a scenario for high-temperature superconductivity is presented in which both phonon and electronic (charge transfer) channels are synergistically involved.
Climate-related, long-term faunal changes in a california rocky intertidal community.

Changes in the invertebrate fauna of a California rocky intertidal community between the period 1931 to 1933 and the period 1993 to 1994 indicate that species9 ranges shifted northward, consistent with predictions of change associated with climate warming. Of 45 invertebrate species, the abundances of eight of nine southern species increased and the abundances of five of eight northern species decreased. No trend was evident for cosmopolitan species. Annual mean shoreline ocean temperatures at the site increased by 0.75°C during the past 60 years, and mean summer maximum temperatures from 1983 to 1993 were 2.2°C warmer than for the period 1921 to 1931.
Trends in Antarctic annual sea ice retreat and advance and their relation to El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode variability

[1] Previous studies have shown strong contrasting trends in annual sea ice duration and in monthly sea ice concentration in two regions of the Southern Ocean: decreases in the western Antarctic Peninsula/southern Bellingshausen Sea (wAP/sBS) region and increases in the western Ross Sea (wRS) region. To better understand the evolution of these regional sea ice trends, we utilize the full temporal (quasi-daily) resolution of satellite-derived sea ice data to track spatially the annual ice edge advance and retreat from 1979 to 2004. These newly analyzed data reveal that sea ice is retreating 31 ± 10 days earlier and advancing 54 ± 9 days later in the wAP/sBS region (i.e., total change over 1979-2004), whereas in the wRS region, sea ice is retreating 29 ± 6 days later and advancing 31 ± 6 days earlier. Changes in the wAP/sBS and wRS regions, particularly as observed during sea ice advance, occurred in association with decadal changes in the mean state of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM; negative in the 1980s and positive in the 1990s) and the high-latitude response to El Nino-Southem Oscillation (ENSO). In general, the high-latitude ice-atmosphere response to ENSO was strongest when -SAM was coincident with El Nino and when +SAM was coincident with La Nina, particularly in the wAP/sBS region. In total, there were 7 of 11 -SAMs between 1980 and 1990 and the 7 of 10 +SAMs between 1991 and 2000 that were associated with consistent decadal sea ice changes in the wAP/sBS and wRS regions, respectively. Elsewhere, ENSO/SAM-related sea ice changes were not as consistent over time (e.g., western Weddell, Amundsen, and eastern Ross Sea region), or variability in general was high (e.g., central/ eastern Weddell and along East Antarctica).
Dendritic remodeling of dentate granule cells following a combined entorhinal cortex/fimbria fornix lesion.

Abstract This study examined the time course of dendritic reorganization of dentate granule neurons of the hippocampus following the loss of input from both the fimbria fornix (FF) and the entorhinal cortex (EC). We used the Golgi–Cox stain to assess the morphology of dentate granule neurons at six postlesion time points (4, 8, 14, 30, 45, and 60 days) and dendritic measures included total dendritic length, number of segments, number of branch points, and spine density. We found that as early as 4 days postlesion, total dendritic length and number of segments were significantly decreased with the greatest change occurring in the distal parts of the dendritic arbor located in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Dendritic measures related to segment number and dendritic length returned to 70% of intact values by 30 days postlesion and were not significantly different from unlesioned rats at 45 and 60 days postlesion. In contrast, the recovery of spine density was transient. Spine density in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus decreased by 60% at 4 days postlesion and returned to 87% of intact values by 30 days postlesion. However, there was a second loss of dendritic spines along the distal portion of the dendrite between 30 and 60 days postlesion. These data provide evidence that the ability of granule neurons to recover a dendritic morphology similar to that of unlesioned rats is impaired following the combined EC/FF lesion and that the “secondary loss” of dendritic spine density on granule neurons may significantly limit the chances of the hippocampus reforming a synaptic circuitry that could lead to functional recovery after the EC/FF lesion.
Relative stabilities of tetramethyl orthosilicate and tetraethyl orthosilicate in the gas phase

Abstract The stabilities of Si(OCH 3 ) 4 and Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 have been studied pyrolytically using highly diluted mixtures near atmospheric-pressure conditions. FTIR spectrometric analyses of the disappearance of the reactants and the formation of various major stable products allow us to qualitatively account for the global difference in the measured overall first-order decay constants: TMOS is significantly more stable than TEOS. The mechanistic implication of these results is discussed.
Dataflow coordination of data-parallel tasks via MPI 3.0

Scientific applications are often complex collections of many large-scale tasks. Mature tools exist for describing task-parallel workflows consisting of serial tasks, and a variety of tools exist for programming a single data-parallel operation. However, few tools cover the intersection of these two models. In this work, we extend the load balancing library ADLB to support parallel tasks. We demonstrate how applications can easily be composed of parallel tasks using Swift dataflow scripts, which are compiled to ADLB programs with performance comparable to hand-coded equivalents. By combining this framework with data-parallel analysis libraries, we are able to dynamically execute many instances of a parallel data analysis application in support of a parameter exploration workload.
Novel Distribution of Influenza Vaccine in Grand Forks, North Dakota

Abstract ISSUE: In 2001, only 56.2% of Grand Forks (GF) County residents >65 years of age received influenza vaccination (Medicare data). PROJECT: Vaccine availability, parking, appointments, waiting, and weather are barriers to influenza vaccination. For 2 years, the Greater Grand Forks Immunization Coalition has collaborated with its partners, including GF Public Health and Altru Health System, to sponsor Drive-Through Flu Shot Clinics. The clinics were designed to remove barriers, entice residents to be vaccinated, and efficiently use resources. The goal was to increase immunization levels in the community and decrease influenza-related morbidity and mortality. The GF City Public Works facility provided an enclosed site with two drive-through bays, accommodating up to 20 vehicles at a time. The ventilation system eliminated carbon monoxide. The 5-hour clinic required 70 volunteers. Respective employers provided insurance for medical volunteers. Other support came from city agencies, private businesses, parish nurses, and nursing and high-school students. The publicity campaign utilized fliers, television, newspaper, radio, newsletters, and church bulletins. RESULT: A total of 467 residents (aged 2–93 years) received influenza vaccine for the first year and 720 flu shots were given the second year. Pneumococcal vaccine was also given to 40 persons each year. LESSONS LEARNED: Collaboration between public and private providers improved community trust during vaccine shortages and delays. The community was educated about influenza vaccination via the publicity campaign. Positive community response has lead to plans for future large flu-shot events. The burden on healthcare of delivering large amounts of vaccine in short periods of time can be relieved by efficient community flu-shot clinics.
Protein Kinase C/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Keratinocyte Differentiation Control

Proper epidermal keratinocyte differentiation, which is necessary for cutaneous barrier function, is altered in many common skin diseases. Keratinocyte differentiation is controlled by a complex signaling network involving multiple members of the protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling kinases. Using an RNA interference knockdown approach, Adhikary et al. identified essential nodes in this signaling network, revealing remarkable kinase specificity.
Examination and validation of a measure of anxiety specific to children with autism spectrum disorders.

Objective: Investigated the use of a combined scale (Worry/Depressed and Avoidant scales) from the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbidity for Children (ASD-CC) as a measure of anxiety. Alternative methods of measuring anxiety were examined using the ASD-CC in an ASD population.Methods: Participants included 147 children, age 2–16 years, evincing a mixture of behavior problems. Comparisons between scores on the ASD-CC and Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) were examined to determine the most efficacious method of measuring anxiety and to establish convergent and discriminant validity.Results: The worry/depressed subscale was the most effective subscale of the ASD-CC to measure anxiety with proven incremental validity over the combined scale.Conclusion: The worry/depressed subscale is the best measure of anxiety utilizing the ASD-CC in children with an ASD. Additionally, convergent and discriminant validity was demonstrated by comparing the scale with similar and dissimilar scal...
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation research 1960–1984: Discoveries and advances

The 24-year history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be divided into four eras. The first (1960–1962) was the era of serendipitous discovery and description of "closed-chest cardiac massage" by Kouwenhoven and colleagues. Closed-chest heart massage was combined with artificial ventilation, and became known as CPR. The second (1962–1968) was the era of skepticism, in which CPR was challenged by investigators whose observations of hemodynamics were not in concert with the proposed mechanism of blood flow. The equality of arterial and central venous pressures during chest compression seemingly belied the proposed mechanism of blood flow during CPR, and raised questions about the effectiveness of the technique. The third era (1968–1976) was one of acceptance and complacency. The effectiveness had become established through widespread use in coronary care units, catheterization laboratories, and prehospital emergency systems, and open-chest cardiac massage was completely supplanted by CPR in virtually every resuscitation effort. The current era (1976-present) is the era of rediscovery and refinement, beginning with the observation that blood flow and pressure can be generated during cardiac arrest by coughing ("cough CPR"), without actual compression of the chest or heart, and that augmentation of arterial pressure and carotid blood flow resulted from simultaneous compression and ventilation (SCV-CPR or "new CPR"). The current era has provided a new explanation of the mechanism of blood flow during CPR and alternative methods of maintaining perfusion during cardiac arrest. It is anticipated that the current era will bring new discoveries, new controversies, and new challenges.
A Comparison of the Effects of Autoclaved and Nonautoclaved Gibberellic Acid on Lemna perpusilla 6746.

Gibberellic acid was reported to inhibit flowering, reduce frond size, and increase the multiplication rate of aseptically cultured Lemna perpusilla 6746 when autoclaved with the medium (4), but there are no reports on the effects of nonautoclaved GA3 on this species. Since GA3 is unstable to heat (2), all or part of the reported effects of GA3 on L. perpusilla 6746 might be due to decomposition products formed during autoclaving (6). The results that follow show that auto
X-RAY Double Crystal Analysis of Structure and Stress Relaxation in Solid Phase Epitaxial CaF2 and Ge/CaF2 Films on (111) Si by in Situ Rapid Isothermal Processing

Planar strain in CaF 2 and Ge/CaF 2 films grown on (111) Si substrate has been measured by an x-ray double crystal diffraction technique using rocking curves. The films grown by a solid phase epitaxial approach using in situ rapid isothermal processing are found to have small tensile planar strain.
In situ hybridization: Methods and applications

In situ hybridization (ISH) combines molecular biological techniques with histological and cytological analysis of gene expression. RNA and DNA can be readily localized in specific cells with this method. ISH has been useful as a research tool, and recent studies have used this technique in the diagnostic pathology laboratory and in microbiology for the tissue localization in infectious agents. Other recent developments in the applications of ISH involve in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, which can be used to detect very low levels of nucleic acids in tissues by taking advantage of the powerful amplification capacity of PCR. In situ PCR will contribute significantly to progress in this field because of the marked increase in the sensitivity of this method.
Fear and safety in transit environments from the women’s perspective

While the relationship between women’s fear of crime and public space has been the focus of considerable research, transit environments have received less attention. This study examines women’s safety in transit environments through a comprehensive review of the literature and in-depth interviews with representatives of 16 national women’s interest groups in the United States. It finds that women have distinct safety/security needs, are often fearful of certain transit environments and frequently adjust their behaviour and travel patterns to avoid them. This is particularly true for certain groups of women who feel more vulnerable to victimization and harassment than others. The women interviewed outlined design, policing, security technology and education/outreach strategies that would make women riders feel safer in transit settings.
Transcription and RNA interference in the formation of heterochromatin

Transcription in heterochromatin seems to be an oxymoron--surely the 'silenced' form of chromatin should not be transcribed. But there have been frequent reports of low-level transcription in heterochromatic regions, and several hundred genes are found in these regions in Drosophila. Most strikingly, recent investigations implicate RNA interference mechanisms in targeting and maintaining heterochromatin, and these mechanisms are inherently dependent on transcription. Silencing of chromatin might involve trans-acting sources of the crucial small RNAs that carry out RNA interference, but in some cases, transcription of the region to be silenced seems to be required--an apparent contradiction.
Buridan's Questions on the Physiognomy Ascribed to Aristotle

SOME mention of Jean Buridan's Questiones based upon the Physiognomy, which in the middle ages was attributed to Aristotle, might well have been included in the third volume on the fourteenth century of my History of Magic and Experimental Science.' In September, 1929, with this end in view, I took notes upon a manuscript of Buridan's commentary at Oxford, but somehow these notes were side-tracked and lost sight of until now. Born at Bethune and rector of the university of Paris, Buridan was one of the leading schoolmen and commentators on Aristotle of the fourteenth century, while Duhem made much of him as a precursor of Galileo and modern dynamics.2 We now consider his activity in a borderland between biology and divination. The Greek treatise on physiognomy ascribed to Aristotle is now believed to be spurious, but was generally accepted by the mediaeval schoolmen as genuine. For the sake of brevity and convenience we shall refer to it as the Physiognomy of Aristotle. It seems to have been translated into Latin only at a rather late date, that is, by Bartholomew of Messina for Manfred, the natural son of Frederick II, between the years 1258 and 1266.3 Before this the Latin West had been familiarized with the subject itself through the Phisionomia which Michael Scot had addressed to Frederick II. This work, which held its own during the later middle ages, ran through some eighteen printed editions between 1477 and 1660, nor was the edition of that date the last. Three manuscripts of Buridan's commentary on the physiognomy are known to me: one that which I examined in 1929 at the Bodleian library in the collection which formerly belonged to the abbot Canonicus of Venice, the other two which I have not seen in the Amplonian collection at the Stadtbuicherei in Erfurt. In the first manuscript4 which is a paper folio of the fifteenth century written in double columns Buridan's commentary is preceded by the commentary of
Rock abundance on Mars from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer

[1] Nighttime infrared spectral observations returned from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) are well suited for determining the subpixel abundance of rocks on the surface of Mars. The algorithm used here determines both the areal fraction of rocky material and the thermal inertia of the fine-grained nonrock component present on the surface. Rock is defined as any surface material that has a thermal inertia ≥1250 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2. This can be bedrock, boulders, indurated sediments, or a combination of these on a surface mixed with finer-grained materials. Over 4.9 million observations were compiled to produce the 8 pixels per degree global rock abundance and fine-component inertia maps. Total coverage is ∼45% of the planet between latitudes −60 and 60. Less than 1% of the planet has rock abundances greater than 50%, and ∼7% of the mapped surface has greater than 30% rocks. Rocky regions on Mars correspond primarily to the high-inertia surfaces observed in thermal inertia data sets. The fine-component inertia data set is used to identify high-inertia exposures that contain few rocks and more homogeneous materials.
A SIMPLE PROCESS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF ARACHIDONIC ACID

Abstract Pure arachidonic acid ( 1 ) and docosahexanoic acid ( 3 ) are available by a two-step purification method from commercial 50% acids with high efficiency.
Amygdaloid CRF Pathways: Role in Autonomic, Neuroendocrine, and Behavioral Responses to Stress

The results of numerous studies have provided compelling evidence that CRF plays an important function in the amygdala. Stimulation of the amygdala produces physiological changes similar those observed after central injections of CRF. Central injections of CRF activate neurons in the amygdala as measured by increases in c-fos protein expression. Destruction of cells or injections of CRF antagonist in the amygdala can attenuate some of the central effects of CRF. The amygdala is the origin of major CRF-containing pathways in the brain. Amygdaloid CRF neurons project to widespread regions of the basal forebrain and brain stem. These amygdaloid pathways mainly arise from the central amygdaloid nucleus where there are a large number of CRF immunoreactive neuronal perikarya. Glucocorticoid and CRF-binding protein are located in cells of the central amygdaloid nucleus. CRF neurons in the central nucleus send their axons to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral hypothalamus, midbrain central gray, raphe nuclei, parabrachial region, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Tract tracing studies have suggested that amygdaloid CRF neurons also innervate CRF neurons in some of these regions and, furthermore, that CRF neurons in some of these areas project back to the CRF neurons in the amygdala. Thus, the amygdala is part of a network of brain nuclei interconnected by CRF pathways. In addition, amygdaloid CRF neurons may project directly to dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurons, which have widespread projections throughout the neuroaxis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Association between Neutrophil Concentration in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Recent Losses in Diffusing Capacity in Men Formerly Exposed to Asbestos

It has been observed widely that some individuals exposed to asbestos will experience continued losses of lung function after asbestos exposure ceases. Unfortunately, there are few data on factors that determine clinical course, limiting the clinician's ability to determine prognosis in an individual case and restricting the possibility for testing or targeting any potential intervention to alter the course among the millions at risk. In an attempt to address this question, we studied a volunteer population of 50 such men from among a stable, heterogeneous population of asbestos-exposed workers who had been continuously followed in our occupational medicine clinics for up to 12 years (mean, 6.3 years); most had some clinical or roentgenographic sign of asbestos effect, pleural or parenchymal. Each subject was reexamined clinically, functionally, and roentgenographically. Asbestos and tobacco exposure histories were carefully reviewed with the subjects and quantified based on these reports and available data regarding the various work environments from which they came. Subsequently, each underwent a bronchoalveolar lavage to assess cellularity and levels of various proteins. The levels of risk factors, clinical findings, and biologic parameters from lavage were examined for their relationship to serial changes in lung function during the period over which they had been previously followed. Results of the study demonstrate that serial changes in lung function were not closely related to level or length of prior exposure, smoking behavior, chest roentgenographic findings, or lung volumes. Progressive loss of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dco) was significantly associated with two factors: level of neutrophil concentration in lavage fluid (0.043 +/- 0.016 ml/min/mm Hg/yr drop for each 0.1 x 10(4) neutrophils per milliliter, p = 0.02) and the level of Dco itself (0.17 +/- 0.07 ml/min/mm Hg/yr drop for each 10 percent decrease in percent Dco predicted, p = 0.01). The relationship with neutrophil concentration was statistically independent of the association with Dco itself and stronger; it persisted when loss of Dco was adjusted for baseline value. Lung volume changes were not associated with any predictor variables, alone or in combination. We conclude that the presence of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with recent disease progression that may have implications in studies of the mechanisms of asbestos-associated disease and in clinical treatment of patients at risk.
Meandering inferior vena cava in a child with pseudo-scimitar syndrome.

An 11-year-old boy underwent chest roentgenogram for symptoms of pneumonia and was found to have dextroposed heart with a scimitar sign (Fig 1, white arrow). An echocardiogram was inconclusive regarding pulmonary venous drainage. A cardiac magnetic resonance image revealed dextroposition of the heart, hypoplastic right lung and right pulmonary artery, right lobar sequestration, eventration of the right hemidiaphragm, and normal pulmonary venous drainage. Ab-
Extent of corporate governance disclosure by banks and finance companies listed on Nepal Stock Exchange

Abstract Corporate governance disclosure has seen renewed interest by researchers, policy makers, and regulating bodies internationally, but has remained only an emerging construct in Nepal. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the extent of mandatory corporate governance disclosure in Nepal. The secondary purpose was to examine the associations between the extent of disclosures and five firm-specific characteristics. The third purpose was to assess the significant determinants to explain variations of disclosures. The study's sampling frame consisted of 125 banking and finance companies listed on Nepal Stock Exchange. A sample size of 59 companies was randomly selected. On average, companies disclosed 91% of items in the mandatory category, 48% in the voluntary category, and 74% in total. A significant positive correlation existed between governance disclosures and firm characteristics of size, leverage, and foreign ownership. There was no significant relation between governance disclosure and listing age or profitability. With regards to determinants, bank size was a significant predictor of governance disclosure. Three regression models for total disclosures (DScore), mandatory disclosures [DScore (M)], and voluntary disclosures [DScore (V)] with three predictors of size, leverage, and foreign ownership were significant and explained 47%, 24%, and 54% variations respectively in total, mandatory, and voluntary corporate governance disclosures in Nepal. This research provides guidelines to policy makers and standard setters for developing future regulations and accounting policies.
Validation of a pictorial recall test in three visual formats.

This study describes the validation of a visual recall test which was constructed using three different levels of visual complexity, line drawing, monochrome photographic, and color photographic. For a sample of 111 college students, the test was significantly correlated (.42 and .92) with two recognized tests of visual memory.
Flutter analysis of cantilevered curved composite panels

Abstract A 48 degrees of freedom (dof) doubly curved quadrilateral thin shell finite element is used for studying the supersonic flutter of cantilevered curved composite panels. The composite material behavior is included using classical lamination theory and supersonic aerodynamic behavior is included using linearized piston theory. To reduce the number of dof of the finite element aeroelastic system, a normal mode approach is adopted. Results are presented to illustrate the behavior of flutter characteristics for composite curved cylindrical panels. The effects of fiber orientation and flow angle on the flutter characteristics are presented for selected examples. The accuracy, efficiency, and applicability of the present finite element method is demonstrated by illustrative examples with some results comparing well with the available alternate solutions in the literature.
Magnetically stabilized fluidized beds with continuous solids throughput

Abstract Magnetically stabilized fluidized beds with continuous solids throughput have been studied to determine their operating characteristics and properties. Beds were operated in both counter-current and cross-flow configurations. The transition between the stable and bubbling regimes was found not to be affected by continuous solids throughput. Solids were found to flow in a nearly plug flow manner in each configuration. The ability of solids to flow continuously decreased as the magnetic field was increased above, or the fluid velocity decreased below, the value at transition. Measurements of the angle of repose indicated that magnetically stabilized beds exhibit significant yield stresses when operated away from the transition between the stable and bubbling regimes.
STABLE CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS IN A VERTICAL TUBE

(1982). STABLE CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS IN A VERTICAL TUBE. Chemical Engineering Communications: Vol. 18, No. 1-4, pp. 93-96.
Combating homophily through design

Social networking has allowed us to be in constant contact with friends from many different backgrounds, yet we are unaware of many of our friends' perspectives and opinions. Networks are highly homophilous, meaning that people tend to associate with others similar to them. This leads to homogenous clusters. How should we design social media to facilitate constructive exchanges rather than polarize individuals? In my work, I propose to look at whether users are currently aware of the homophily phenomenon in their online networks and exploring social network designs to break homophily.
Pregnancy in a combined liver and kidney transplant recipient with type 1 primary hyperoxaluria

Background Little is known about pregnancy outcomes in multiple organ transplant recipients. We present a case of pregnancy in a patient after liver and kidney transplantation for the genetic disorder of type 1 primary hyperoxaluria. Case A 14-year-old Hispanic teenager presented with end-stage renal disease and had a kidney biopsy that revealed hyperoxaluria. A liver biopsy revealed type 1 primary hyperoxaluria. After a year of dialysis and worsening renal status, she underwent a combined orthotopic liver and kidney transplant. The patient subsequently became pregnant, but she required no antihypertensive therapy throughout the prenatal or postpartum period and showed no signs of renal or liver graft rejection. She delivered by cesarean at 38 weeks. Conclusion Combined liver and kidney transplant recipients who become pregnant can have a successful outcome.
Key West Nightshade, a New Experimental Host for Plant Viruses

Adkins, S., and Rosskopf, E. N. 2002. Key West nightshade, a new experimental host for plant viruses. Plant Dis. 86:1310-1314. Key West nightshade (Solanum bahamense) is a perennial solanaceous weed found in the extreme southern portion of Florida. It can be propagated by seed and cuttings and is absent from the noxious weed lists of all U.S. states. Its susceptibility to five viruses common to Florida was evaluated by mechanical inoculation of leaves with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and a putative tobamovirus recently isolated from hibiscus in Florida (HV). TSWV induced chlorotic rings on inoculated leaves and mosaic and malformation of uninoculated leaves. CMV induced necrotic local lesions on inoculated leaves. No symptoms were observed following inoculation with TMV, PMMoV, or HV. TSWV, TMV, and PMMoV systemically infected S. bahamense as determined by the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, viral-associated double-stranded RNA analysis, and/or indicator hosts. Active growth of infected plants continued for 7 months following inoculation, making S. bahamense suitable for long-term maintenance of viruses in planta. We suggest that S. bahamense may be a useful host for virus culture collections and for studies involving large numbers of virus isolates where fresh, infected tissue is continuously required.
Evaluation of Surface Cleaning of Si(211) for Molecular-Beam Epitaxy Deposition of Infrared Detectors

We report an assessment of the reproducibility of the HF cleaning process and As passivation prior to the nucleation of ZnTe on the Si(211) surface using temperature desorption spectroscopy, ion scattering spectroscopy, and electron spectroscopy. Observations suggest full H coverage of the Si(211) surface with mostly monohydride and small amounts of dihydride states, and that F is uniformly distributed across the top layer as a physisorbed species. Variations in major contaminants are observed across the Si surface and at the CdTe-ZnTe/Si interface. Defects act as getters for impurities present on the Si surface, and some are buried under the CdTe/ZnTe heterostructure. Overall, the data show evidence of localized concentration of major impurities around defects, supporting the hypothesis of a physical model explaining the electrical activation of defects in long-wave infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe/CdTe/Si devices.
The relation of obesity throughout life to carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

OBJECTIVE: Although obese children are at increased risk for coronary heart disease in later life, it is not clear if this association results from the persistence of childhood obesity into adulthood. We examined the relation of adiposity at various ages to the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) at age 35 y. DESIGN: Prior to the determination of IMT by B-mode ultrasound, subjects (203 men, 310 women) had, on average, six measurements of body mass index (BMI) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) between the ages of 4 and 35 y. Mixed regression models for longitudinal data were used to assess the relation of these characteristics to adult IMT. RESULTS: Overall, adult IMT was associated with levels of both BMI and TSF (P<0.001), with the magnitudes of the associations with childhood adiposity comparable to those with adult levels of BMI and TSF. Furthermore, adult obesity modified the association between childhood adiposity and IMT: high IMT levels were seen only among overweight (BMI ≥95th percentile) children who became obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) adults (P<0.01 for linear trend). In contrast, IMT levels were not elevated among (1) overweight children who were not obese in adulthood, or among (2) thinner children who became obese adults. CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasize the adverse, cumulative effects of childhood-onset obesity that persists into adulthood. Since many overweight children become obese adults, the prevention of childhood obesity should be emphasized.
Long-term memory deficits for habituation of predatory behavior in the forebrain ablated goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Abstract Forebrain-ablated, sham-operated, and normal goldfish were presented with 40 live brine shrimp confined in a clear plastic tube for 10 min on each of 5 successive days. The predatory responses (bites) directed at the brine shrimp waned similarly for all groups on day 1, indicating no deficit in inhibition or in short-term memory. The normal and sham-operated groups showed complete savings of the previous day's experience on subsequent days, indicating good memory for the first day's habituation. The forebrainless fish showed essentially no savings between days, suggesting a deficit in long-term memory. The experimental paradigm makes it difficult to interpret the results according to nonspecific arousal or inhibitory explanations.
The influence of coupled diffusion of heat and moisture on the state of stress in a plate

The fundamental results of previous reports on the coupling of the processes of diffusion of heat and moisture in solids are reviewed. The influence of the coupling on diffusion into an infinite plate from both its surfaces is discussed with the aim of clarifying what can and cannot be learned from such experiments. The nonuniformity of temperature and moisture content tends to cause nonuniform deformation. The stresses set up are computed for a homogeneous, isotropic plate. These self-equilibrating stresses first increase with time and then die out. For some combinations of material constants, the stresses undergo a reversal. For example, in some cases the surface stresses initially become compressive as moisture begins diffusing into the plate. Subsequently, as the interior of the plate increases in temperature due to the coupling effect, the surface stresses become tensile before eventually subsiding to zero
A Real-Time PCR Antibiogram for Drug-Resistant Sepsis

Current molecular diagnostic techniques for susceptibility testing of septicemia rely on genotyping for the presence of known resistance cassettes. This technique is intrinsically vulnerable due to the inability to detect newly emergent resistance genes. Traditional phenotypic susceptibility testing has always been a superior method to assay for resistance; however, relying on the multi-day growth period to determine which antimicrobial to administer jeopardizes patient survival. These factors have resulted in the widespread and deleterious use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. The real-time PCR antibiogram, described herein, combines universal phenotypic susceptibility testing with the rapid diagnostic capabilities of PCR. We have developed a procedure that determines susceptibility by monitoring pathogenic load with the highly conserved 16S rRNA gene in blood samples exposed to different antimicrobial drugs. The optimized protocol removes heme and human background DNA from blood, which allows standard real-time PCR detection systems to be employed with high sensitivity (<100 CFU/mL). Three strains of E. coli, two of which were antimicrobial resistant, were spiked into whole blood and exposed to three different antibiotics. After real-time PCR-based determination of pathogenic load, a ΔCt<3.0 between untreated and treated samples was found to indicate antimicrobial resistance (P<0.01). Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for susceptible bacteria and pan-bacterial detection was demonstrated with 3 Gram-negative and 2 Gram-positive bacteria. Species identification was performed via analysis of the hypervariable amplicons. In summary, we have developed a universal diagnostic phenotyping technique that assays for the susceptibility of drug-resistant septicemia with the speed of PCR. The real-time PCR antibiogram achieves detection, susceptibility testing, minimum inhibitory concentration determination, and identification in less than 24 hours.
Facenet: Tracking People and Acquiring Canonical Face Images in a Wireless Camera Sensor Network

We describe a method for tracking people in 2D world coordinates and acquiring canonical frontal face images that fits the sensor network paradigm. Frontal face images are particularly desireable features for tracking and identity management because they are largely invariant to day-to-day changes in appearance. This approach has been implemented and evaluated on a prototype wired camera network called FaceNet. Our primary contribution is to show how sensing the trajectories of moving objects can be exploited to acquire high quality canonical views while conserving node energy. We present an evaluation of the approach and demonstrate the tasking algorithm in action on data acquired from the FaceNet camera network.
Incidence of cabbage maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) infestation and plant damage in seeded Brassica fields in California's central coast

The temporal incidence of cabbage maggot, Delia radicum L. was investigated using three exclusion cage experiments, one each during spring, summer and fall, in broccoli fields as well as two surveys, one each in three broccoli fields, and sixteen turnip plantings in central coast of California. In the cage experiments, sets of broccoli plants were exposed to natural populations of D. radicum flies for w14-d periods after plant emergence throughout the growing season. For the surveys, soil, root samples, and yellow sticky traps were collected every week from broccoli fields to determine number of eggs, maggots, feeding-injury and adults. Only roots were sampled from turnip plantings to determine feeding-injury. In all three cage experiments, feeding injury from D. radicum maggot was less during the first 14-d than w15e28 d after plant emergence (DAE). In the summer and fall, feeding injury by D. radicum was less during 29e42 and 43e56 DAE than it was 15e28 DAE. In the survey of broccoli fields, a greater number of D. radicum eggs were detected starting the fourth week after planting (WAP). Similarly, an increase in number of D. radicum maggots and feeding injury was observed at fifth and sixth WAP, respectively. However, adults were abundant throughout the growing period. In the turnip survey, increase in injury from D. radicum feeding did not appear until the fifth WAP. Overall, these studies indicate that increased incidence of D. radicum was delayed by about two to three weeks after plant emergence. The implications of these results for timing of insecticide application for D. radicum in the central coast of California are discussed.
Concurrent Administration of Interferon Alfa-2b and Beta-1a

OBJECTIVETo describe the concurrent use of interferon (IFN) alfa and beta in a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).CASE SUMMARYA 60-year-old white man developed CML while receiving IFN beta-1a treatment for MS. The patient was started on IFN alfa-2b 1 million units 3 times weekly with IFN beta-1a 30 μg weekly. The dosage of IFN alfa was increased to 3 million units/d 1 month later. He achieved complete hematologic remission in 3 months. The observed adverse effects were mild and included fatigue, somnolence, weight loss, and difficulty with memory. At 19 months after treatment, the patient remained in hematologic remission and his expanded disability status scale score remained unchanged.DISCUSSIONConcomitant treatment with interferon alfa and beta by a gradual increase in the dosage of IFN alfa was well tolerated. Although imatinib mesylate may be a preferred treatment for patients with CML and MS at this time, our experience with safe concurrent use of IFN alfa and be...
Mergers Of Private Enterprises: A Powerful Force For The Development Of Private Business Organizations In Latin America - The Case Of Ecuador

The purpose of this article was to assess the scale of mergers of small and medium-size private business organizations in Ecuador over the past ten years and to determine if the ownership and management of such enterprises have the desire in merging with other Ecuadorian business organizations. Such mergers create larger business enterprises that allow the appearance, sustenance, and development of the principles of organization and precipitate the need for commensurate managerial education for their management and ownership. It was determined, in this study, that only a very limited number of mergers have taken place during the past ten years and that the entrepreneurial mindset of business owners and their managers is not favoring mergers. The ownership and management of small and medium-size Ecuadorian business organizations do not understand the benefits derived from mergers. The study noted that Ecuador’s business owners and their managers are traditionally accustomed to operating with obsolete management methods and controls that suppress opportunities leading to organizational development.
A Chemical Biology Study of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Unveils HSPA8 as a Key Regulator of Pluripotency

Chemical biology methods such as high-throughput screening (HTS) and affinity-based target identification can be used to probe biological systems on a biomacromolecule level, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of those systems. Here, by establishing a human embryonal carcinoma cell-based HTS platform, we screened 171,077 small molecules for regulators of pluripotency and identified a small molecule, Displurigen, that potently disrupts hESC pluripotency by targeting heat shock 70-kDa protein 8 (HSPA8), the constitutively expressed member of the 70-kDa heat shock protein family, as elucidated using affinity-based target identification techniques and confirmed by loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays. We demonstrated that HSPA8 maintains pluripotency by binding to the master pluripotency regulator OCT4 and facilitating its DNA-binding activity.
On the Impact of Replica Placement to the Reliability of Distributed Brick Storage Systems

Data reliability of distributed brick storage systems critically depends on the replica placement policy, and the two governing forces are repair speed and sensitivity to multiple concurrent failures. In this paper, the authors provided an analytical framework to reason and quantify the impact of replica placement policy to system reliability. The novelty of the framework is its consideration of the bounded network bandwidth for data maintenance. The framework was applied to two popular schemes, namely sequential placement and random placement, and showed that both have drawbacks that significantly degrade data reliability. Then the stripe placement scheme was proposed and find the near-optimal configuration parameter such that it provides much better reliability. The possibility of addressing the problem of correlated brick failures in the analytical framework was further discussed
Non-thermal emission from InGaAs quantum dots in a microcavity: A novel cavity-bottleneck effect

We observed highly non-thermal features from the photoluminescence of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots in a planar microcavity. The effect was interpreted in terms of the interplay of phonon relaxation and cavity-dependent excitonic radiative recombination.