cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Support-theoretic subgraph preconditioners for large-scale SLAM

Efficiently solving large-scale sparse linear systems is important for robot mapping and navigation. Recently, the subgraph-preconditioned conjugate gradient method has been proposed to combine the advantages of two reigning paradigms, direct and iterative methods, to improve the efficiency of the solver. Yet the question of how to pick a good subgraph is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a new metric to measure the quality of a spanning tree preconditioner based on support theory. We use this metric to develop an algorithm to find good subgraph preconditioners and apply them to solve the SLAM problem. The results show that although the proposed algorithm is not fast enough, the new metric is effective and resulting subgraph preconditioners significantly improve the efficiency of the state-of-the-art solver.
Data Analysis for the NASA/Boeing Hybrid Laminar Flow Control Crossflow Experiment

The Hybrid-Laminar Flow Control (HLFC) Crossflow Experiment, completed in 1995. generated a large database of boundary layer stability and transition data that was only partially analyzed before data analysis was abruptly ended in the late 1990's. Renewed interest in laminar flow technologies prompted additional data analysis, to integrate all data, including some post-test roughness and porosity measurements. The objective is to gain new insights into the effects of suction on boundary layer stability. A number of challenges were encountered during the data analysis, and their solutions are discussed in detail. They include the effect of the probe vibration, the effect of the time-varying surface temperature on traveling crossflow instabilities, and the effect of the stationary crossflow modes on the approximation of wall location. Despite the low turbulence intensity of the wind tunnel (0.01 to 0.02%), traveling crosflow disturbances were present in the data, in some cases at amplitudes up to 1% of the freestream velocity. However, the data suggests that transition was dominated by stationary crossflow. Traveling crossflow results and stationary data in the presence of suction are compared with linear parabolized stability equations results as a way of testing the quality of the results.
Dispersion in Heterogeneous Geological Formations

Intensive research in stochastic subsurface hydrology over the past 2 decades has significantly improved our understanding of fieldscale transport in heterogeneous media and has significantly changed how we think about variability and uncertainty However, these studies have not translated into much impact on how predictions are made in practical groundwater modeling studies. Most models used in applications still provide only deterministic predictions that essentially ignore small-scale heterogeneity with no accompanying information on prediction uncertainty. It is reasonable to ask why most practical models don't provide stochastic field-scale prediction even though there is a consensus that heterogeneity has a dramatic impact on plume migration and there is a well-established theory that deals with this topic.
Impact-parameter method for proton--hydrogen-atom scattering variational bounds on the 1s charge-exchange amplitudes

A trial wave function that is a linear combination of two traveling hydrogenlike basis functions which contain two variable-charge parameters and a polarization parameter has been used to obtain bounds on the second-order error term in the variational principles of Demkov and Storm that are comparable to the magnitudes of approximate $1s$ charge-exchange amplitudes. It is demonstrated that the error function ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}({X}_{i})$ can be employed to judge various calculations and as an aid in adjusting parameters in the trial wave function to obtain better bounds. Based upon the use of ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ as a measure of error in an approximate trial wave function, we conclude that the Euler-Lagrange variational method is not the optimal approach. Suggestions are made for future work which might improve the calculated bounds.
Multilingual Information Retrieval Using Machine Translation, Relevance Feedback and Decompounding

Multilingual retrieval (querying of multiple document collections each in a different language) can be achieved by combining several individual techniques which enhance retrieval: machine translation to cross the language barrier, relevance feedback to add words to the initial query, decompounding for languages with complex term structure, and data fusion to combine monolingual retrieval results from different languages. Using the CLEF 2001 and CLEF 2002 topics and document collections, this paper evaluates these techniques within the context of a monolingual document ranking formula based upon logistic regression. Each individual technique yields improved performance over runs which do not utilize that technique. Moreover the techniques are complementary, in that combining the best techniques outperforms individual technique performance. An approximate but fast document translation using bilingual wordlists created from machine translation systems is presented and evaluated. The fast document translation is as effective as query translation in multilingual retrieval. Furthermore, when fast document translation is combined with query translation in multilingual retrieval, the performance is significantly better than that of query translation or fast document translation.
The γ Subunit of Rod cGMP-Phosphodiesterase Blocks the Enzyme Catalytic Site *

Abstract Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) is the effector enzyme in the visual transduction cascade of vertebrate photoreceptor cells. In the dark, the activity of the enzyme catalytic α and β subunits (Pαβ) is inhibited by two γ subunits (Pγ). Previous results have established that approximately 5–7 C-terminal residues of Pγ comprise the inhibitory domain. To study the interaction between the Pγ C-terminal region and Pαβ, the Pγ mutant (Cys68 → Ser, and the last 4 C-terminal residues replaced with cysteine, Pγ-1–83Cys) was labeled with the fluorescent probe 3-(bromoacetyl)-7-diethylaminocoumarin (BC) at the cysteine residue (Pγ-1–83BC). Pγ-1–83BC was a more potent inhibitor of PDE activity than the unlabeled mutant, suggesting that the fluorescent probe in part substitutes for the Pγ C terminus in PDE inhibition. HoloPDE (Pαβγ2) had no effect on the Pγ-1–83BC fluorescence, but the addition of Pαβ to Pγ-1–83BC resulted in an approximately 8-fold maximal fluorescence increase. AK d for the Pγ-1–83BC-Pαβ interaction was 4.0 ± 0.5 nm. Zaprinast, a specific competitive inhibitor of PDE, effectively displaced the Pγ-1–83BC C terminus from its binding site on Pαβ (IC50 = 0.9 μm). cGMP and its analogs, 8-Br-cGMP and 2′-butyryl-cGMP, also competed with the Pγ-1–83BC C terminus for binding to Pαβ. Our results provide new insight into the mechanism of PDE inhibition by showing that Pγ blocks the binding of cGMP to the PDE catalytic site.
“Family Somatics”— A Neglected Edge

Although the family interaction viewpoint has been more widely adopted since it was first introduced and family therapy more widely practiced, there has not been a parallel growth in the practical or theoretical application of the interactional viewpoint. This paper makes a plea for the relevance of this orientation to illness and disease. This area has received some consideration but deserves a much more extensive examination and research effort.
Infrared radiation models for atmospheric ozone

A hierarchy of line-by-line, narrow-band, and broadband infrared radiation models are discussed for ozone, a radiatively important atmospheric trace gas. It is shown that the narrow-band (Malkmus) model is in near-precise agreement with the line-by-line model, thus providing a means of testing narrow-band Curtis-Godson scaling, and it is found that this scaling procedure leads to errors in atmospheric fluxes of up to 10 percent. Moreover, this is a direct consequence of the altitude dependence of the ozone mixing ratio. Somewhat greater flux errors arise with use of the broadband model, due to both a lesser accuracy of the broadband scaling procedure and to inherent errors within the broadband model, despite the fact that this model has been tuned to the line-by-line model.
New Patterns of Political Patronage and Their Effect on Health Policy

The article considers the concept of pinstripe patronage put forth in Pinstripe Patronage: Political Favoritism from the Clubhouse to the White House and Beyond, by Martin and Susan J. Tolchin (Boulder, Colorado: Paradigm Publishers, 2011) as it applies to the realm of health policy and politics.
Video frame classification for learning media content understanding

This paper presents our latest work on analyzing and understanding the content of learning media such as instructional and training videos, based on the identification of video frame types. In particular, we achieve this goal by first partitioning a video sequence into homogeneous segments where each segment contains frames of the same image type such as slide or web-page; then we categorize the frames within each segment into one of the following four classes: slide, web-page, instructor and picture-in-picture, by analyzing various visual and text features. Preliminary experiments carried out on two seminar talks have yielded encouraging results. It is our belief that by classifying video frames into semantic image categories, we are able to better understand and annotate the learning media content and subsequently facilitate its content access, browsing and retrieval.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Improving Forecasts of Flood Risk by Incorporating Climate Variability into Bulletin 17B LP3 Model

The current techniques for flood frequency analysis presented in Bulletin 17B assume annual maximum floods are stationary; meaning the distribution of flood flows is not significantly affected by climatic trends or long-term cycles (i.e. decadal variations). In light of growing evidence that streamflows are nonstationary and are impacted by climate variability, Bulletin 17B techniques should be modified. The effects of climatic cycles occurring over a shorter time frame, such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are averaged into flood risk estimates obtained using the procedures of Bulletin 17B. However, the effects of ENSO are likely to affect the magnitude of annual maximum streamflows, and thus would impact flood risk in a given year. Estimates/forecasts obtained using the Bulletin 17B LP3 model can be improved by incorporating the effects of climate variability associated with ENSO events into updated estimates of the mean, and perhaps the standard deviation, by regressing the LP3 parameters on a climatic index such as sea surface temperature anomalies. In this study, a regression model is applied to annual maximum streamflow records for unimpaired gauging stations across the contiguous United States to obtain a one-year ahead forecast of the mean. For stations where the regression analysis yields significant results, the forecasted flood risk is compared with estimates obtained using the existing Bulletin 17B LP3 model.
Generalized Geometric Programming for Functionals

A duality theory is constructed which extends generalised geometric programming in finite dimensions to function spaces. The analysis exploits the intimate relationship that exists between Lagrange duality and conjugate duality. A particular example involving convex integral functionals is considered. The approach used suggests a new and simple derivation of generalised geometric programming in finite dimensions. AMS(MOS): 49D49, 90C25
Direct simulation of phonon-mediated heat transfer in a Debye crystal

A direct simulation of phonon-mediated heat transfer is described and preliminary results are reported. The method is derived from past work in simulating gas-dynamic flow and uses a linear array of cells for modeling a one-dimensional heat transfer problem. Central to the development of the technique is the Debye model for heat capacity of a crystal. The energy equation for this type of solid is presented and a phonon frequency distribution is obtained leading to a simulation technique that naturally takes into account changes in heat capacity. Using the linear array of cells, two fundamental problems are investigated
A colorectal cancer prevention, screening, and evaluation program in community black churches

Colorectal cancer incidence and related mortality are significantly higher in blacks than in whites. The black church has been identified as a means of promoting health issues and intervention programs. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a colorectal cancer prevention and screening program in community black churches. A total of 1,488 Coloscreen III kits were distributed, and a telephone survey was conducted to examine the demographic profile, attitudes, and behaviors of those who returned the kit (17.5 percent) compared with those who did not (82.5 percent). The survey revealed that the majority of both returners and nonreturners felt that the test could detect bowel cancer and that early detection could result in cure. The returners were significantly older and less likely to smoke. The low response was attributed primarily to the test's dietary requirements. Both groups reportedly made changes in their lifestyles as a result of the educational component of the program--that is, they increased their fiber intake and decreased their fat intake, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Even with the low response of this study, educational benefits were evident. If colorectal cancer screening programs in community black churches are to be effective, however, diet-related issues must be addressed.
Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in the Airline Industry: A Comparison between Legacy Airlines and Low-Cost Airlines

The purpose of this study was to examine the service quality and customer satisfaction of the top 14 U.S. airlines between 2007 to 2011 using data from the Department of Transportation Air Travel Reports. The objectives of this study were to compare customer satisfaction and service quality with respect to airlines quality dimensions and subsequently to determine the relationships between the dimensions of service quality and passengers’ satisfaction on airlines services. A critical review of the literature revealed that the airline industry has been struggling with many challenges: cutting costs, managing fluctuating demand, keeping up with tight quality requirements while trying to maintain superior services and satisfy the needs of various customer groups. Data were collected from the Department of Transportation's Air Travel Consumer Report on the following measures: percentage of on-time arrival, passengers denied boarding, mishandled baggage and customer complaints. Using a quantitative research method, Microsoft Excel version 2010 was used to analyze the data using percentages, mean and standard deviation. Results indicate that while the traditional carriers are converging toward a higher level of service quality, using the four measures, there continue to be significant variation. In this study, over a five year period 2007 to 2011, the service quality of low cost airlines was generally found to be higher than that of traditional legacy airlines. Implications related to operating costs, market share, infrastructure and customer service were evident. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
Experimental, computational and theoretical studies of δ′ phase coarsening in Al–Li alloys

Abstract Experimental characterization of microstructure evolution in three binary Al–Li alloys provides critical tests of both diffusion screening theory and multiparticle diffusion simulations, which predict late-stage phase-coarsening kinetics. Particle size distributions, growth kinetics and maximum particle sizes obtained using quantitative, centered dark-field transmission electron microscopy are compared quantitatively with theoretical and computational predictions. We also demonstrate the dependence on δ ′ precipitate volume fraction of the rate constant for coarsening and the microstructure’s maximum particle size, both of which remained undetermined for this alloy system for nearly a half century. Our experiments show quantitatively that the diffusion-screening theoretical description of phase coarsening yields reasonable kinetic predictions, and that useful simulations of microstructure evolution are obtained via multiparticle diffusion. The tested theory and simulation method will provide useful tools for future design of two-phase alloys for elevated temperature applications.
An ab initio study of the primary hydration and proton transfer of CF3SO3H and CF3O (CF2)2SO3H: Effects of the hybrid functional and inclusion of diffuse functions

Abstract Electronic structures calculations were undertaken on two perfluorosulfonic acids (CF3SO3H and CF3O(CF2)2SO3H) with varying number of hydrating water molecules to assess the effects of the enhanced electron withdrawing afforded by an additional CF2 group: the side chain of the short-side-chain (SSC) PFSA membrane. Both Becke's 3-parameter hybrid functional (B3LYP) and the extended hybrid functional (X3LYP) employing the 6-311G** split valence Gaussian basis set with and without the inclusion of diffuse functions were performed to determine the impact on proton dissociation and separation as a function of the degree of the hydration of the acids. The calculations underscore the increased acidity of CF3O(CF2)2SO3H due to the enhanced electron withdrawing of the β –CF2– but did not reveal any differences in the strength of the binding of the water molecules over that computed for CF3SO3H. The calculated structural parameters obtained from optimized geometries of both acids with from 1 to 4 water molecules revealed that the inclusion of diffuse functions has negligible effects. Furthermore, the results obtained with the X3LYP functional were nearly identical to those obtained with the B3LYP functional.
CAS SCF/CI calculations of low-lying states and potential energy surfaces of Si3

Abstract Complete active space MC SCF and restricted first-order CI calculations of low-lying states of Si3 (1A1,3B2, 1B2, 3B1, 1B1, 3A2, 1A2) and potential energy surfaces of the 1A1 and 3B2 states are calculated. MRSDCI calculations are carried out for the 1A1 and 3A'1(D3h) states. The ground state of Si3 is found to be the 1A1 state with the 3A'2 (equilateral triangle) state 3.6 kcal mole above the singlet state in a TZ + ld basis set. A second shallow minimum (obtuse triangle, apex angle 160°) and a barrier are found in the potential energy surface of the 3B2 state. The equilibrium geometry of the 1A1 state is an isosceles triangle, apex angle 80° while that of the 3B2 (3A'22) state is an equilateral triangle. The equilateral and isosceles triangular structures are more stable than the corresponding linear structures.
Source of Water and Its Effect on Tape Casting Barium Titanate

The source of water and its effect on rheological and green tape properties of tape cast barium titanate were studied. The total water content, as well as the source, affect the slip rheology, green density, tensile strength, and strain to failure in the unsintered body. Sources of the water were broken down into contributions from the barium titanate powder surface versus from the solvent or ceramic additives. Water adsorbed on the powder surface was generally beneficial compared to water entering through the solvent. For carefully dried systems, below 0.15 wt% total water, properties change dramatically with small changes in water content. Thus, less stringent processing requirements can be used to achieve reproducibility at water contents above 0.15 wt%.
The structure of nitric oxide synthase oxygenase domain and inhibitor complexes.

The nitric oxide synthase oxygenase domain (NOS_(ox)) oxidizes arginine to synthesize the cellular signal and defensive cytotoxin nitric oxide (NO). Crystal structures determined for cytokine-inducible NOS_(ox) reveal an unusual fold and heme environment for stabilization of activated oxygen intermediates key for catalysis. A winged β sheet engenders a curved α-β domain resembling a baseball catcher's mitt with heme clasped in the palm. The location of exposed hydrophobic residues and the results of mutational analysis place the dimer interface adjacent to the heme-binding pocket. Juxtaposed hydrophobic O_2- and polarL-arginine–binding sites occupied by imidazole and aminoguanidine, respectively, provide a template for designing dual-function inhibitors and imply substrate-assisted catalysis.
Optoelectronic integration of silicon photonic wire biosensors

We review our work developing label-free molecular sensors using silicon nanophotonic waveguides. We show that the high index contrast of these waveguides provides high surface sensitivity and enables compact sensor designs to be realized. We also describe new waveguide circuit geometries that allow photonic wire waveguide sensors to be conveniently arrayed in two dimensions for compatibility with commercial spotting tools, while simultaneously providing long interaction length and improved molecular capture efficiency. These sensor designs are shown to provide a practical route to the development of label-free, microarrayed biochips for multiparameter analysis.
Implementing the near- to far-field transformation in the finite-difference time-domain method

When the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to light-scattering computations, the far fields can be obtained by means of integrating the near fields either over the volume bounded by the particle’s surface or on a regular surface encompassing the scatterer. For light scattering by a sphere, the accurate near-field components on the FDTD-staggered meshes can be computed from the rigorous Lorenz-Mie theory. We investigate the errors associated with these near- to far-field transform methods for a canonical scattering problem associated with spheres. For a scatterer with a small refractive index, the surface-integral approach is more accurate than its volume counterpart for computation of the phase functions and extinction efficiencies; however, the volume-integral approach is more accurate for computation of other scattering matrix elements, such as P12, P33, and P43, especially for backscattering. If a large refractive index is involved, the results computed from the volume-integration method become less accurate, whereas the surface method still retains the same order of accuracy as in the situation for the small refractive index.
Philosophy and Reality in Riparian South Asia: British Famine Policy and Migration in Colonial North India

The assumption of the passive peasant in Indian history has been existent at least since the time of Max Weber, and continues to return, phoenix-like in its appearance, every few decades. Its importance, however, lies in the responses the generality spawns. Morris D. Morris refuted Max Weber's thesis, detailed in The Religions of India, in 1967, while Barrington Moore, Jr.'s Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy was aptly rebutted by Kathleen Gough in 1974. Since then, the concept of the rational peasant, particularly during colonial times, has undergone a metamorphosis. Various modes of peasant dynamics have been amply demonstrated in recent works, stepping into the realms of peasant rebellion, desertion, banditry, and the like. Of particular import, in terms of peasant consciousness, has been the rise of the ‘Subaltern School’ of study. Beginning with Ranajit Guha's seminal work, Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India, and continuing with volumes of articles by a variety of authors, the Subaltern Studies group has attempted, in their own words, to offer an alternative to historical writing ‘that fails to acknowledge, far less interpret, the contributions made by the people on their own, that is independently of the elite.…’ These scholars thus use the term subaltern for those social groups which they believe have been ignored through the course of history.
Thoughts on midurethral synthetic slings.

Since the early 1900s, there have been many attempts to correct stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. Over the years, it became accepted that the most effective way to correct SUI involved a procedure that supports the urethra. This simple premise spurred major innovations in the 1970s and 1980s by Shlomo Raz and Tom Stamey, many of which proved difficult to reproduce and were not universally accepted. In the mid-1990s, however, Ulf Ulmsten and Peter Petros revolutionized treatment of SUI, using a synthetic sling at the midurethra in a tension-free fashion. The urologic and urogynecologic world forever changed. In the last decade, further innovations have been based on these principles. There are currently three main types of synthetic sling procedures, including the retropubic synthetic sling, the obturator synthetic sling, and the single-incision synthetic sling.
A Coupled Air-Sea Biennial Mechanism in the Tropical Indian and Pacific Regions: Role of the Ocean.

Abstract Variations in the upper-ocean beat content are part of a mechanism to explain biennial signals in the tropical Indian and Pacific ocean regions. The mechanism involves modulations of the annual cycle of convection and processes of the dynamically coupled ocean and atmosphere system in the tropics. A critical element of that mechanism is persistent sea surface temperature anomalies on the time scale of one seasonal cycle. Analyses of composite vertical temperature profiles from hydrographic station data for various near-equatorial areas in the Indian and Pacific oceans show that variations in the ocean heat content depend on the depth of the thermocline in the warm-pool region (both eastern Indian and western Pacific) and temperatures in the upper-ocean mixed layer away from the warm pool (western Indian and eastern Pacific). The variations in thermocline depth in the Pacific are similar to those for El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and are present in the biennial mode as well. Apparentl...
Second-order contributions to the fine structure of helium from all intermediate states

For the theoretical assessment of the $2^{3}P$ helium fine structure to become comparable to the precision measurements that have been made, it is necessary that the theory be calculated through order ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{6}m{c}^{2}$. In particular, the second-order contribution from the Breit and mass-polarization operators must be evaluated to an accuracy of 1% or so. In this work, for each of five possible intermediate state symmetries the Dalgarno-Lewis method is used to obtain the first-order perturbed wave function, from which the second-order energy follows by integration. Both the perturbed and unperturbed wave functions are expanded in Hylleraas-type series with a progressively larger number of terms, the second-order energies being computed at each stage; up to 455 terms are used for $^{3}P$ intermediate states and up to 286 for $^{1}P$, $^{3}D$, $^{1}D$, and $^{3}F$. The sequence of second-order energy results for each symmetry is extrapolated to the limit of an infinite number of basis functions to arrive at a final result. The $^{3}P$, $^{1}P$, and $^{3}D$ states will contribute to both the larger and the smaller fine-structure intervals ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{01}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{12}$, respectively, while $^{3}F$ and $^{1}D$ states affect only ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{12}$. The total theoretical result, up to order ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{6}m{c}^{2}$, for ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{01}$ is much more accurate than that for ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{12}$, allowing the fine-structure constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ to be determined very precisely by comparison of theory to experiment, with the result ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=137.03608(13)$, good to 0.94 ppm.
Kinesin Motion in the Presence of Obstacles on Microtubules

Kinesin molecules walk by successively moving their heads to binding site on microtubules. This walk involves 16 nm advances of each kinesin head, realized by a conformational change in the structure of the molecule and by diffusion. Most previous studies of kinesin focus on movement on microtubules which have almost every binding site accessible. However, obstacles such as other molecular motors or different proteins can occupy binding sites in front of a kinesin. This study focuses on predicting the effects of obstacles on the dynamics of kinesin. First, a novel quantitative model is developed to capture the diffusion of kinesin heads in the absence of obstacles. To obtain probabilities of a head to bind at different neighboring sites, this model considers the combined effects of the head geometry on the extension of neck linkers, the deformation of the head, the interaction of the head and microtubules, and the dynamic behavior of the coiled-coil structure of kinesin neck. The model reveals that the unwinding of the neck and the binding of the head with tilted configuration are required to obtain the comparable probability of side walk of kinesin as was measured in previous experiments. Then, the motion of kinesin in the presence of obstacles is studied by using this model. The results of previous experiments with obstacles suggest that the unbinding rate of kinesin increases in the presence of interference with obstacles. Thus, this effect is also incorporated in the model. The effects of the size and number of obstacles on the velocity and run length of single kinesins are predicted. The new model can also be exploited to other unsolved problems regarding the motion of kinesin heads such as mechanical interferences between kinesin heads during collective transport.
Investigation of the Stability and Cellular Uptake of Self-Associated Monoclonal Antibody (MAb) Nanoparticles by Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells

The inability to deliver MAbs to intracellular targets still remains a limitation to their application in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Selective targeting of MAbs to oncoproteins in cancer cells while avoiding their accumulation in normal cells may reduce some of the well-documented adverse effects accompanying antibody therapy. One of the remarkable characteristics of malignant cells is the alteration in the biological properties of the cellular plasma membrane. Taking advantage of this alteration, we hope to selectively deliver self-associated MAb nanoparticles to cancer cells while reducing their accumulation in normal cells. We hypothesized that self-associated MAb nanoparticles can be preferentially taken up by non-small lung cancer cells in comparison to normal cells due to the absence or dysfunction of tight junctions (TJ) in confluent cancer cells and increased permeability of the cancer cell membrane. Self-associated bevacizumab nanoparticles were prepared and characterized for particle size and biochemical stability. Fluorescence microscopy, TEM, and flow cytometry revealed that these bevacizumab nanoparticles were internalized by A549 cells three times more than MRC-5 cells. Macropinocytosis and energy-dependent pathways were elucidated to be involved in their uptake by A549 cells. Further, uptake was by nonspecific interaction with cell membrane. Results obtained from this study suggest that self-associated MAb nanoparticles can be selectively delivered to cancer cells.
Insights into the physics of spray coating of SWNT films

Abstract Spray coating is a scalable and high-throughput process for fabrication of transparent and conducting coatings (TCCs) composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Presently the fundamentals of this process are not well understood. We show that suppression of coalescence of spray droplets by sufficiently rapid heat- and mass-transfer yields homogeneous SWNT films by preventing the formation of ‘coffee stains’ of larger length scale. Such heat and mass transfer is driven by differential evaporation between the top and edges of the drops, whereas thermal and compositional effects on surface tension and buoyancy are weak. Ultrasonic spraying ensures that the droplets are deposited without significant splashing, and delayed splashing at higher Weber number is evidenced. We find that the performance of spray-coated TCCs made from HiPCO SWNTs is limited by bundle diameter rather than length of the constituent SWNTs and bundes. Vapor acid doping with concentrated sulfuric acid roughly doubles the conductivity of the TCCs.
Breakup of evaporating/burning slurry drops by additives

Abstract Single drops of silicon carbide-cumene slurry were suspended from a quartz fiber and ignited. An inert material such as silicon carbide was chosen so that the droplets can be burned until all the fuel is consumed and only the inert residue is left on the quartz fiber. Benzoyl peroxide was added to cumene and the time to disruption of the liquid drop was measured. In the case of benzoyl peroxide, the breaking up of the drop resulting from its thermal decomposition produced CO 2 . Both the drop disruption time and the burning of the slurry to dryness were predicted theoretically. Radiation absorption was found to be an important factor in the case of the slurry. Benzoyl peroxide and carbamide peroxide were investigated as additives to a boron slurry to determine if effective drop break-up could be achieved. Both additives produced drop shattering. The carbamide peroxide was particularly effective due to the production of O 2 . The green flame associated with boron burning was clearly evident.
Present at the (Dis)integration: Deterritorialization and Reterritorialization in the New Wor(l)d Order

Abstract Since the end of the Cold War, the political geography of world order has been the subject of much confusion, uncertainty and speculation. Strange new tendencies are emerging in the new world (dis)order. Old geopolitical blocs are disintegrating, previously coherent unities are fracturing, and once stable identities are unraveling. Simultaneously, new geoeconomic blocs are defining themselves, emergent geographies of uneven global connectedness are taking shape, and new discourses of danger are rewriting identity and meaning in global affairs. Old Cold War word orders are giving way to new post-Cold War word orders. This paper explores this double dynamic of deterritorialization and reterritorialization in the new world order through an analysis of US. foreign policy discourse. Beginning with observations on deterritorialization from the 1992 presidential election, we examine how fresh geopolitical, geoeconomic and geoecological readings of global politics after the Cold War are reterritorializin...
Vibration of a hydrostatic gas bearing due to supply pressure oscillations

The vibration of a statically loaded, inherently compensated hydrostatic journal bearing due to oscillating supply pressure is investigated. Both angular and radial vibration modes are analyzed. The time-dependent Reynolds equation governing the pressure distribution between the oscillating journal and the sleeve is solved numerically together with the journal equation of motion to obtain the response characteristics of the bearing. The Reynolds equation and the equation of motion are simplified by applying regular perturbation theory for small displacements. The results presented include Bode plots of bearing oscillation gain and phase for a particular bearing configuration for various combinations of parameters over a range of frequencies, including the resonant frequency. The results are compared with the results of an earlier study involving the response of a similar bearing to oscillating exhaust pressure.
Neoplastic aneurysm and intracranial hemorrhage

A case of fatal intracerebral hemorrhage due to rupture of a neoplastic aneurysm in a 68-year-old man with a history of bronchogenic carcinoma is reported. Intracranial neoplastic aneurysms resulting from metastatic tumor embolization of the cerebral vessels are more often associated with cardiac myxoma and choriocarcinoma. Of the 23 reported cases, eight ruptured and caused intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Like mycotic aneurysm, they are small and located in the peripheral branches of cerebral artery, and may easily be obscured by hemorrhage when ruptured.
Hungary, Suez, and Hannah Arendt

I begin with a historical reference. Fifty years ago, in October of 1956, the two Cold War colossi were both simultaneously convulsed by the uprising in Budapest and its repression by Soviet tanks and by the final act of British and French imperialism in the Middle East, their collusion with the state of Israel in the invasion of Suez. Not alone were the Soviet tanks involved in the repression of the Hungarian revolution; there was also and it was discussed by Hannah Arendt and many others the betrayal of that revolution by the statecraft of the United States and particularly by its Central Intelligence Agency. Not unlike its performance in the 1991 war in Iraq, Washington was content to issue incendiary broadcasts to the insurgents in Budapest promising them help so long as they continued to die, then leaving them to die alone and unconsoled, a memory that has been allowed to fade in this country but not, you will find, if you ever visit Budapest. E. E. Cummings, I remember, wrote a poem at that time called "Thanksgiving (1956)," which ends by saying, "so rah-rah-rah democracy/ let's all be thankful as hell/and bury the statue of liberty/(because it begins to smell)." The events in Hungary had an enormous impact on Hannah Arendt, yet the nature of this impact is somewhat enigmatic in her writings. She added a separate epilogue on the episode for the second edition of The Origins of Totalitarianism, which she later removed. Arendt didn't airbrush it. She was candid about having removed it and about it having, as she put it, "become obsolete in many details." But she never actually said why it was that she decided to withdraw her tribute to the Hungarian rebels. I want to begin by asking, why? That involves revisiting the events of 1956. If one gets hold of her missing epilogue and it's quite hard to get one finds it full of surprisingly naive optimism, and naive optimism is not a quality normally most saliently associated with the name of Hannah Arendt. I say it was naive because it stressed the spontaneous democracy of the workers' councils in the center of Budapest. And I think here perhaps she was expressing a nostalgia, even a little romance, for the German revolutions of 1919 in Munich and elsewhere in which her husband, Heinrich Bliicher, had played such a part. It was naive also because it laid great stress on what she called, "the peaceful and orderly and good-humored crowds in Budapest." She rather romanticized the goodnaturedness of the Hungarian Revolution. This optimism may possibly have been justified in the long term, but that is why it is worth looking up that epilogue again. In 1989, some three decades later, there was a peaceful bloodless revolution that began in Budapest when the Hungarians allowed their East German brethren to resist by
704 ISOLATION OF DNA SEGMENTS FROM THE HUMAN X CHROMOSOME

We have utilized the methods of Gusella et al (PNAS 77, 2829, 1980) to isolate DNA segments from the human X chromosome. DNA was prepared from a human-Chinese hamster hybrid cell line containing the human X and essentially no other human chromosome. This DNA was ligated to phage DNA, the recombinant phage encapsulated and grown in E.coli. The plaques were exposed to labelled whole human and Chinese hamster DNA. Plaques which did not anneal with Chinese hamster DNA but did anneal with human DNA were isolated. The human DNA segments were recovered from these selected recombinant phage and tested for their ability to anneal with DNA from hybrid cells containing various human chromosomes. Six different recombinant phage have been studied sufficiently to demonstrate that they contain human DNA which is complementary to the human X and apparently to no other human chromosome. Further studies with hybrid cells containing known portions of the human X indicate that the recombinant DNA segments are derived from specific regions of the X. The methods utilized are efficient and demonstrate the feasibility of isolating a large number of DNA segments from the human X. These segments are suitable for detecting DNA polymorphisms and for study of X chromosome inactivation. (Presented in part to the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, December 5, 1980.)
Neuroanatomic correlations with the late waves of the brain-stem auditory evoked potential.

Abstract The goal of this study was to investigate the neuroanatomic correlations of the late waves (VI–VIII) of the BAEP. Patients ( N = 55) with clinical evidence of a CVA were compared to a normal control group ( N = 85). Latencies of > 3 S.D. from the means of the normal group were considered abnormal. CT and MRI scans provided evidence of the lesions. For the 14 patients who had normal BAEPs, the sizes of lesions were significantly smaller than for those with abnormal tests. Evidence shows that an abnormal wave VI was related to an ipsilateral cortical lesion and an abnormal wave VIII was related to a lesion in the internal capsule-corpus striatum.
Population and demographic structure of Ixodes scapularis Say in the eastern United States.

Introduction The most significant vector of tick-borne pathogens in the United States is Ixodes scapularis Say (the blacklegged tick). Previous studies have identified significant genetic, behavioral and morphological differences between northern vs. southern populations of this tick. Because tick-borne pathogens are dependent on their vectors for transmission, a baseline understanding of the vector population structure is crucial to determining the risks and epidemiology of pathogen transmission.
Stress, anxiety, and cascades in clinical decision‐making

Biomedical decision-making and patient care are not altogether based on rational, scientific, objective factors. Physicians' experience of stress, both as aspects of the current situation and as symbols of personal, often unconscious issues, frequently leads to the use of assessment, diagnosis and treatment as primarily anxiety-alleviating processes. A not uncommon consequence of these stress-reduction efforts, by both individual physicians and health care groups, is the 'cascade effect', which the authors define as a sequence of clinical events that proceed inexorably and feel out of the control of those who participate in them.
The Structure and Evolution of a Simulated Rocky Mountain Lee Trough

Abstract This paper describes the life cycle of a lee trough associated with the passage of a baroclinic wave over the Rocky Mountains based on two overlapping simulations by the Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model. The evolution of the lee trough may be summarized as follows. A surface cyclone and lee trough developed and intensified as an upper-level short-wave trough approached and moved over the Rockies. Near the low center,.the lee trough was found to be frontogenetical, with the frontogenesis being forced by 1) confluent deformation associated with the wind fields of the developing cyclone and lee trough and 2) differential vertical motion along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains and the adjacent sloping terrain of the High plains. In turn, the frontogenesis drove an ageostrophic circulation that sharpened the lee trough. The lee trough represented a break in trajectory origin, with trajectories ending ahead of the lee trough originating over...
Transplantation of corneal tissue from a blind eye to a high-risk fellow eye by bilateral penetrating keratoplasty.

findings. He underwent additional radiation treatment to his head, and he is currently re­ ceiving chemotherapy. A search for a suitable bone marrow donor continues. Frosted branch angiitis was originally de­ scribed in the Japanese literature as a diffuse angiitis of unclear origin in young healthy pa­ tients. This condition is typically bilateral, but unilateral cases have been reported. Corticosteroids are thought by most investiga­ tors to be beneficial. Similar clinical findings have been associated with cytomegalovirus retinitis and intraocular lymphoma, which ap­ pear to resolve with adequate therapy. Our case represents a unique manifestation of relapsing acute lymphoblastic lymphoma. The patient had ocular symptoms but with­ out any other systemic complaints. Clinical findings were limited to the eyes and appeared similar to previous case reports of frosted branch angiitis with the exception of infiltrative optic neuropathy. The optic disk swelling was associated with a white infiltrative process, which appeared to spread gradually to the sur­ rounding retina and perivascular spaces. Indi­ rect evidence of a leukemic infiltrative process was confirmed by the presence of lymphoblas­ tic cells in the cerebrospinal fluid with a normal opening pressure. The patient received appro­ priate leukemic therapy, and subsequent repeat cerebrospinal fluid examinations were free of lymphoblastic cells. The ophthalmic findings also resolved with therapy.
Complexity Training and Prejudice Reduction

It was argued that prejudicc is a likely outcome of simple cognitive structures, and that if a training procedure could be devised which would increase conccptual complexity in the xea of interracial affairs, thcn prejudice would be reduced. Accordingly, a complexity training task was developed which required Ss to engage in uniconceptual or multiconceptual thinking about videotaped stimulus persons who varied in race (black and white) and competence. Ss were 64 paid, white, high school students. Results showed that both complexity training procedures were effective in reducing prejudice and increasing complexity of thinking, but the multiconceptual training group failcd to signiticantly outpcrform the uniconceptual group. This latter result was interprctcd in tcrins of cognitive matching model.
Release of d,l-threo-β-hydroxyaspartate as a false transmitter from excitatory amino acid-releasing nerve terminals

Abstract This study examined whether preaccumulated d , l - threo -s-hydroxyaspartate (tHA), a competitive substrate for the high-affinity excitatory amino acid (EAA) transporter, is released as a false transmitter from EAA-releasing nerve terminals. Potassium-stimulation (50 mM for 1 min) evoked significant release of the endogenous EAAs (aspartate and glutamate) from superfused neocortical minislices. Endogenous EAA release was largely calcium-dependent and was inhibited by tetanus toxin, a neurotoxin which specifically blocks vesicular exocytosis. In parallel experiments, minislices were pre-incubated with 500 μM tHA. Potassium (50 mM) evoked significant release of tHA and this release was also calcium-dependent and reduced by tetanus toxin. Pre-accumulation of tHA did not affect the release of endogenous glutamate whereas the release of endogenous aspartate was significantly attenuated. These data suggest that tHA selectively accumulates in a vesicular aspartate pool and is released upon depolarization as a false transmitter from EAA nerve terminals.