cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MALE SEXUALITY, MEDICALIZATION, AND THE MARKETING OF CIALIS AND LEVITRA 1

New treatments for male impotence have proliferated since Viagra’s popular emergence on the market in 1998. Two such therapies recently received FDA approval for prescription use: Cialis and Levitra. This paper examines the marketing campaigns for Viagra’s competitors and asks whether these treatments offer a different discourse on impotence. Using advertising and promotional materials, the study focuses on the major discursive themes related to the promotion of these drugs. The study finds that while the marketing campaigns for Cialis and Levitra employ most of medicine’s traditional discourses on impotence, they emphasize several additional discursive strategies to help promote these drugs in the competitive impotence treatment market. The author suggests that these promotional themes have important implications for the medical project of constructing the “sexually functional” male body. In conclusion, the author argues that these new drugs and the discourses they circulate introduce new standards for sexual functioning and medicalize areas of male sexuality not previously seen as requiring medical repair.
A Cramer-Rao bound for nonlinear filtering problems with additive Gaussian measurement noise

Versions of the Cramer-Rao bound for nonlinear filtering problems with additive Gaussian measurement noise are presented. This new approach is based upon a modified Cramer-Rao bound for treating nuisance parameters.
Mutagenicity in Salmonella and sister chromatid exchange in mice for 1,4-, 1,3-, 2,4-, and 3,4-dimethylphenanthrenes.

The mutagenicity in Salmonella and in vivo sister chromatid exchange in the bone-marrow cells of mice was determined for 1,4-, 1,3-, 2,4-, and 3,4-dimethylphenanthrene (DMPh) with the objective to study the relative importance of substitution at the 1 and 4 positions of this series of methylated phenanthrenes. For both tests, 1,4-DMPh was decidedly more genotoxic than the remaining regioisomers. While the well recognized role of steric crowding in the bay region is a factor in this enhanced genotoxicity, equally important is substitution at the 1 position with its potential to inhibit detoxication through 9,10-diol formation.
Using photographic image analysis to assess ground cover: a case study of forest road cutbanks

Road prisms, including cutbanks, road surfaces, and fillslopes, can be important contributors of sediment to streams in forested watersheds. Following road construction, cutbanks and fillslopes are often seeded, mulched, and sometimes fertilized to limit erosion and sedimentation. Assessing the success of vegetation establishment on cutbanks and fillslopes is a common task of forested land managers. This study developed and applied a photographic image analysis method to assess percent ground cover along an entire cutbank of a cut-and-fill haul road in the Monongahela National Forest in Tucker County, West Virginia. Variable-sized sections were employed to quantify the vegetative cover. Measurements obtained by this technique were similar to more commonly applied fixed-area plots, and it proved to be a useful tool for land managers who require a more repeatable quantification of ground cover than is possible through visual assessments. Cutbank slope and aspect also were analyzed to determine their potential impact on cutbank vegetation establishment. Slope was not a significant variable in explaining differences in vegetation cover; however, aspect did affect vegetation establishment. South-facing aspects had significantly lower percent vegetation cover than northeast, east, northwest, and north northwest aspects after the first year following seeding and throughout the entire study. Mean percent cover on the south-facing cutbanks was 32% over all time periods, compared to 60% to 73% for the other represented aspects. This result was expected since south-facing slopes generally are drier in the growing season and are subject to more freeze–thaw cycles in the winter. Timber felled onto the cutbank also decreased vegetative cover in the short term on north and north northwest aspects, but vegetation quickly became reestablished on these aspects with their favorable growing conditions.
Incidence of cytomegalovirus retinitis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Purpose To estimate the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and to characterize the factors associated with increased risk of CMV retinitis. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods A total of 1600 participants with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) but without CMV retinitis at enrollment who completed at least 1 follow-up visit in the Longitudinal Study of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (LSOCA) were seen every 6 months to obtain disease and treatment history, ophthalmic examination, and laboratory testing. Incidence of CMV retinitis and risk factors for incident CMV retinitis were assessed. Results The incidence rate of CMV retinitis in individuals with AIDS was 0.36/100 person-years (PY) based upon 29 incident cases during 8134 PY of follow-up. The rate was higher for those with a CD4+ T cell count at the immediately prior visit below 50 cells/μL (3.89/100 PY, P 100 cells/μL developed CMV retinitis. Having a CD4+ T cell count below 50 cells/μL at the clinical visit prior to CMV retinitis evaluation was the single most important risk factor (HR: 136, 95% CI: 30 to 605, P Conclusions Patients with AIDS, especially those with severely compromised immune systems, remain at risk for developing CMV retinitis in the HAART era, although the incidence rate is reduced from that observed in the pre-HAART era.
Screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dementia in an HIV clade C-infected population in India.

Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clade C virus infects the largest populations worldwide, to date there are no prospective studies reported thus far to determine the incidence or prevalence of HIV dementia in this population. HIV clade C virus is a CCR5-tropic virus and thus predominantly infects macrophages, which are the key cells implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV dementia. However, HIV dementia has only rarely been reported in these populations. The authors thus used a recently developed International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) to screen a well-characterized cohort of HIV-infected discordant couples in Pune, India. 48 HIV+ subjects with CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm3 and 48 HIV− subjects were studied. The HIV+ subjects had significantly lower IHDS scores compared to the HIV− subjects. 35% of the HIV+ subjects and 15% of the HIV− subjects scored <10 on the IHDS. These observations suggest that the prevalence of HIV dementia may be higher in this population than previously reported. More importantly, it demonstrates that the IHDS can be used as a screening tool in the Indian population.
Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Recycling: Role of Receptor Dephosphorylation and β-Arrestin

The recovery of PTH receptor (PTHR) function after acute homologous receptor desensitization and down-regulation in bone and kidney cells has been attributed to receptor recycling. To determine the role of receptor dephosphorylation in PTHR recycling, we performed morphological and functional assays on human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing wild-type (wt) or mutant PTHRs. Confocal microscopy and ligand binding assays revealed that the wt PTHR is rapidly recycled back to the plasma membrane after removal of the agonist. Receptors that were engineered to either lack the sites of phosphorylation or to resemble constitutively phosphorylated receptors were able to recycle back to the plasma membrane with the same kinetics as the wt PTHR. The PTHR was found to be dephosphorylated by an enzyme apparently distinct from protein phosphatases 1 or 2A. The PTHR and beta-arrestin-2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) were found to stably colocalize during PTHR internalization, whereas after agonist removal and during receptor recycling, the colocalization slowly disappeared. Experiments using phosphorylation-deficient PTHRs and a dominant-negative form of beta-arrestin showed that beta-arrestin does not regulate the efficiency of PTHR recycling. These studies indicate that, unlike many G protein-coupled receptors, PTHR recycling does not require receptor dephosphorylation or its dissociation from beta-arrestin.
Changes in adenylyl cyclase activity of the human and nonhuman primate corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in membrane particles of corpora lutea (CL) from humans and cynomolgus monkeys was examined at various stages of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. AC activity was monitored by the conversion of [α−32P]ATP into [32P]cAMP under basal conditions and in the presence of several activators: NaF (10 mmol/L) plus forskolin (100 μmol/L); hCG (10 μg/mL); guanyl 5′-yl-imidodiphosphate [GMP-P(NH)P; 100 μmol/L]; and hCG (10 μg/ml) plus GMPP(NH)P (100 μmol/L). The groups of human CL were midluteal (n = 10), late luteal (n = 4), following cycle (old CL; n = 5), and early pregnancy (6–11 weeks; n = 10). The groups of monkey CL were early luteal (n = 4), midluteal (n = 5), and pregnancy at term (n = 3). Luteal AC activity changed significantly during the menstrual cycle. In newly (<48 h after ovulation) formed CL, the enzyme was unresponsive to hCG, and total AC activity, as determined by NaF plus forskolin, averaged 86.5 ± 28.9 (± se) pmol cAMP/min·mg protein. As the CL developed, AC activ...
Semi-active control of sliding isolated bridges using MR dampers : an experimental and numerical study

Sliding base-isolation systems used in bridges reduce pier drifts, but at the expense of increased bearing displacements under near-source pulse-type earthquakes. It is common practice to incorporate supplemental passive non-linear dampers into the isolation system to counter increased bearing displacements. Non-linear passive dampers can certainly reduce bearing displacements, but only with increased isolation level forces and pier drifts. The semi-active controllable non-linear dampers, which can vary damping in real time, can reduce bearing displacements without further increase in forces and pier drifts; and hence deserve investigation. In this study performance of such a 'smart' sliding isolation System, used in a 1:20 scaled bridge model, employing semi-active controllable magneto-rheological (MR) dampers is investigated, analytically and experimentally, under several near-fault earthquakes. A non-linear analytical model, which incorporates the non-linearities of sliding bearings and the MR damper, is developed. A Lyapunov control algorithm for control of the MR damper is developed and implemented in shake table tests. Analytical and shake table test results are compared. It is shown that the smart MR damper reduces bearing displacements further than the passive low- and high-damping cases, while maintaining isolation level forces less than the passive high-damping case.
THE CARBON DIOXIDE EXCRETED IN ONE MINUTE BY ONE CENTIMETER OF NERVE-FIBER

One centimeter of nerve-fiber from the lateral-line nerve of the dogfish is estimated to excrete on the average 4.2 x 10–8 mg. CO2 per minute.
Research Orientations and Attitudes Toward Teamwork

Data was collected by questionnaire on the motivations and attitudes of 88 research workers in a major state agricultural station. The data tend to support these hypotheses: 1) the basic scientist will be more ``deeply involved'' in his work than the applied scientist; 2) he will demonstrate a greater allegiance to the social system of science; and 3) he will tend to view teamwork as acceptable only when his co-workers help to increase his enjoyment of the research. Some cautions are given by the author about the dangers of generalizing from this limited study to all situations involving teamwork in research.
Use of brain MRI after deep brain stimulation hardware implantation.

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to examine the experience with and safety of brain 1.5 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in deep brain stimulation (DBS) patients. This was a retrospective review of brain MRI scanning performed on DBS patients at the University of Kansas Medical Center between January 1995 and December 2007. A total of 249 DBS patients underwent 445 brain 1.5 T MRI scan sessions encompassing 1,092 individual scans using a transmit-receive head coil, representing the cumulative scanning of 1,649 DBS leads. Patients with complete implanted DBS systems as well as those with externalized leads underwent brain imaging. For the majority of scans, specific absorption rates localized to the head (SARH) were estimated and in all cases SARH were higher than that specified in the present product labeling. There were no clinical or hardware related adverse events secondary to brain MRI scanning. Our data should not be extrapolated to encourage MRI scanning beyond the present labeling....
Effects of long-term vasopressin receptor stimulation on medullary blood flow and arterial pressure

Studies were carried out using instrumented unanesthetized rats to determine the long-term effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and a specific vasopressin V1 receptor agonist (V1AG; [Phe2, Ile3, O...
Foot Care for the Aging

Age-related changes in the feet include alterations in the skin, which becomes dry, inelastic, and cool and often exhibits hyperkeratoses. Thickened and brittle toenails complicate pedicure. The contour of the foot widens with age and may have increased forefoot height in the presence of toe deformities. Sensory acuity diminishes, as does joint mobility, muscle-force production, and ability to withstand stress. The elderly person's gait is slower and less forceful, with shorter strides. Visual loss affects footwear donning and toenail trimming. Older individuals on a limited income are less likely to have appropriate shoes and hose. Preventive care begins with good hygiene and continues with selection of suitable hosiery and shoes. Conservative management of the podiatric conditions most often seen in geriatric patients (eg, metatarsalgia and hallux valgus) should be based on relating the pathomechanics of the disorder to the options available in shoe selection, modification, and insert design.
Tools for Water-Resource Study

The Illinois State Water Survey is developing a water resource model to examine the alternative solutions to meet the objectives determined by economic, social and political criteria. Developed sub-routines costs are for reservoirs, water transmitting wells, pumps, municipal sewage treatment and water pumping. Costs for reservoirs include land clearing, dam and spillway construction, relocations, engineering services, contingencies, and land. Construction costs for water transmission covers pipe, transportation, installation, valves, and appurtenances. The costs of wells are directly related to depth, and the cost of pumps is directly related to capacity. Pump costs versus capacities are presented for various operating heads. Costs for municipal sewage treatment are expressed in terms of dollars per design population equivalent, except for lagoons. Lagoon costs are in terms of total dollars. Pumping water cost depends on quantity of flow, total pumping head, power, and wire-to-water efficiency.
Nonisothermal Vulcanization of Rubber Compounds

Abstract In the present paper, progress has been made in developing a model for nonisothermal vulcanization of rubber compounds. The model is presently based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of heat evolved during vulcanization. The model parameters are determined from several isothermal DSC scans including measurements of induction time and rate of vulcanization. This model has conveniently been employed for a calculation of the temperature distribution during vulcanization of a rubber slab based on a one-dimensional heat-conduction equation with a heat-generation term. The simulation allowed us to predict the dynamics of the development of the state of cure distribution in the rubber slabs. Predicted results from the vulcanization model have been verified with experimental data on induction time and rate of vulcanization from nonisothermal DSC scans and with measurements of the state of cure distribution in rubber slabs cured under different vulcanization conditions between two he...
The Role of T Cell Epitopes in Coronavirus Infection

Multiple MHV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes have been identified in C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice. In particular, at least two CD8 T cell epitopes are recognized in C57Bl/6 mice. In one model of MHV persistence, mutations are detected in the immunodominant CD8 T cell epitope recognized in this strain. These mutations contribute to virus persistence and to the development of more severe clinical disease.
Speech rhythm sensitivity and musical aptitude: ERPs and individual differences

This study investigated the electrophysiological markers of rhythmic expectancy during speech perception. In addition, given the large literature showing overlaps between cognitive and neural resources recruited for language and music, we considered a relation between musical aptitude and individual differences in speech rhythm sensitivity. Twenty adults were administered a standardized assessment of musical aptitude, and EEG was recorded as participants listened to sequences of four bisyllabic words for which the stress pattern of the final word either matched or mismatched the stress pattern of the preceding words. Words with unexpected stress patterns elicited an increased fronto-central mid-latency negativity. In addition, rhythm aptitude significantly correlated with the size of the negative effect elicited by unexpected iambic words, the least common type of stress pattern in English. The present results suggest shared neurocognitive resources for speech rhythm and musical rhythm.
Reovirus type 2: induction of viral resistance and interferon production in fathead minnow cells.

SummaryReovirus type 2 was found to adsorb to cells derived from a poikilothermic animal, the fathead minnow. Although this interaction between cell and virus did not result in the production of infectious virus, viral antigen, or viral inclusion, a state of viral resistance was developed and an antiviral substance was produced. This viral inhibitor was shown to be interferon based on the possession of common characteristics.
Influence of Rater Perceived Ability on Performance Ratings

While performance appraisals have been extensively studied from the perspective of true rater ability and rater goals, little attention is directed towards the perceived ability of raters. Given the complexity of the appraisal task, the perceived ability of raters is a crucial determinant of rating tendencies. Using the effort to performance (E„³P) linkage of expectancy theory, we develop a theoretical model that explains the influence of various factors on ratersi¦ perceived ability towards accurate and distorted ratings. Our approach highlights the importance of looking at the tripartite influence of ratersi¦ true ability, perceived ability, and goals on appraisal ratings.
Activation of D2-like receptors causes recruitment of tyrosine-phosphorylated NKA α1-subunits in kidney

The present study investigates the cellular mechanisms responsible for dopamine D2-like receptor-mediated stimulation of Na+-K+-ATPase in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Previously, we showed t...
Decreased carbohydrate appetite of adrenalectomized rats.

Summary1. Five rats were given access to a 3% solution of sodium chloride, tap water, dry dextrose, and the saltless stock diet in 4 separate containers. 2. After adrenalectomy the rats greatly increased their intake of sodium chloride, decreased their intake of dextrose, but continued to eat about the same amount of saltless stock diet as before. They showed a small increase in water intake. 3. Daily treatment with desoxycorticosterone decreased the intake of sodium chloride solution and tap water to the normal levels and increased the dextrose intake nearly to the normal level. 4. Thus it was shown that adrenalectomized rats have a definitely decreased appetite for dextrose, as well as an increased appetite for sodium chloride.
Characteristics of the precipitation reaction

In a previous communication I showed that when a chemically pure protein, such as crystallized egg albumin, is used as antigen, it combines with the precipitin of immune serum to the complete exhaustion of either factor from the mixture. From these observations the conclusion was drawn that an equilibrium subject to the laws of mass action, such as had been previously described in precipitation reactions, does not exist in these reactions, those results being attributable to the use of impure antigens, such as complex native sera. Further study has shown that chemically pure antigen unites with the precipitin in proportions that are definite and constant. The same amount of precipitinogen always “binds” an equivalent amount of precipitin, regardless of the relative excess of the latter substance in the mixture. The reverse of this statement likewise holds true. Hence it follows that it has not been possible to demonstrate the Danyz-Dungern phenomenon in the precipitation reaction when carried on with pure...
A Crisis of Confidence: Foreign Policy Research and the Federal Government

presidential address is not the one I first planned to make. My original topic took shape a year ago in Washington as I listened to my predecessor tell the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations "What's Wrong With American Diplomatic History." In his catalog of sins Alexander DeConde listed the role played by Presidential libraries in writing recent diplomatic history. He noted that records vital to understanding foreign policy are sometimes closed by the whims of former Presidents or by the wills of close associates. Since such restrictions do not apply to Chief Executives themselves or to those who may be commissioned to chronicle their achievements, Professor DeConde deplored the fact that retired Presidents can "present their views and explain their foreign policies a generation or two before scholars not in any way connected with their administrations could examine and use the
Estimated rapid transition from first stimulant use until onset of stimulant dependence: Larger for methamphetamine users?

Aims: We expected newly incident methamphetamine users (NIMU) to show stimulant dependence transition probabilities (SDTP) resembling those seen for newly incident cocaine users (NICU; i.e., with 5–6% becoming dependent within 12 months of 1st use), and with lower SDTP estimates seen for newly incident extra-medical users of stimulants (NIEMSU) when METH has not been used. Methods: Data are from 2002–2011 US National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (RDAS), yielding nationally representative samples of more than 4000 NIEMSU and NIMU, all assessed via confidential computer-assisted self-interviews. Estimates fromfive independent year-pair replicationswith analysis-weights and Taylor series variance estimation are summarized usingmeta-analysis. Results: For NIEMSU, the meta-analytic SDTP estimate is 4.1% (95% CI =3.1, 5.0). For NIMU, the corresponding STDP estimate is 3.3% (95% CI =1.5, 5.0). Conclusions: Our presentation will extend this line of stimulant dependence research with subgroup analyses intended to help us understand lower STDP estimates for NIMU as compared to NICU and the NIEMSU with no METH use, which contradicted our expectations. Strata of interest involve METH injection versus other routes of administration, onset-age, which stimulant product is used byNIEMSU, andwhether there is concurrent or past cocaine use. Financial support: NIDA OSR (T32DA021129); JCA (K05DA015799).
Textual and Psychoanalytic Renderings: A Response to Felson

ABSTRACTFelson (this issue) has offered a critique of 3 issues in my paper on the myth of Medusa. She believes there is insufficient data about the lives of women in classical times. She challenges the idea that Medusa was described as a beautiful woman in the classical era. She questions dynamic formulations I offer about the myth. In my response I detail the number of sources I use to report on lives of nonelite women during the classical Greek epoch. Many feminist thinkers are interested in the myths that dominated ancient Greece. They have carefully studied the literature, plays, songs, poetry, and funerary inscriptions to uncover coded expressions of women’s lives and their significance. I also illuminate the oral tradition that existed during this period and note how such narratives become complex with added meanings. Mother-daughter relationships also appear very relevant in this society and I address a variety of psychoanalytic formulations that include this idea.
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy for Teachers of Color

ABSTRACTThis study utilizes the conceptual framework of culturally responsive pedagogy and theoretical suppositions about the culturally responsive teacher educator to examine the learning experiences of teacher candidates of color. Findings from the case study of a teacher educator’s and teacher candidates’ of color teaching and learning experiences in a semester-long course revealed the following: (a) The teacher educator’s culturally responsive content was characterized by resistance, revelation, and support and (b) culturally responsive teacher educator pedagogy involved instructional approaches of modeling change and building community. Implications for culturally responsive pedagogies in the teacher education classroom and professional development are explored.
Deception, Accountability, and Theoretical Refinement

(1992). Deception, Accountability, and Theoretical Refinement. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 15, Communication Yearbook 15, pp. 287-298.
Where Is That Moon, Anyway? The Problem of Interpreting Historical Solar Eclipse Observations

This chapter contains sections titled: The Problem, The Nineteenth Century, The Twentieth Century, Conclusion
Differentially private projected histograms: construction and use for prediction

Privacy concerns are among the major barriers to efficient secondary use of information and data on humans. Differential privacy is a relatively recent measure that has received much attention in machine learning as it quantifies individual risk using a strong cryptographically motivated notion of privacy. At the core of differential privacy lies the concept of information dissemination through a randomized process. One way of adding the needed randomness to any process is to pre-randomize the input. This can yield lower quality results than other more specialized approaches, but can be an attractive alternative when i. there does not exist a specialized differentially private alternative, or when ii. multiple processes applied in parallel can use the same pre-randomized input. A simple way to do input randomization is to compute perturbed histograms, which essentially are noisy multiset membership functions. Unfortunately, computation of perturbed histograms is only efficient when the data stems from a low-dimensional discrete space. The restriction to discrete spaces can be mitigated by discretization; Lei presented in 2011 an analysis of discretization in the context of M-estimators. Here we address the restriction regarding the dimensionality of the data. In particular we present a differentially private approximation algorithm for selecting features that preserve conditional frequency densities, and use this to project data prior to computing differentially private histograms. The resulting projected histograms can be used as machine learning input and include the necessary randomness for differential privacy. We empirically validate the use of differentially private projected histograms for learning binary and multinomial logistic regression models using four real world data sets.
Right Median Nerve Electrical Stimulation for the Vegetative State

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by motor vehicle crashes, falls, violence and sports injuries. TBI is twice as frequent in males than in females with 52,000 annual deaths in the United States [ 1 ]. The highest incidence is among persons 15 to 24 years of age but there are peak in the very young and the elderly. TBI may result in life long impairment of physical cognitive psychosocial functions. Prevalence of those with the chronic disability is between 2.5 and 6.5 million persons. About two million persons each year have a TBI. Up to 90,000 incur a TBI resulting in life long impairments.
68 Intimate partner violence, reproductive coercion, and contraception among patients in a reproductive health setting: a mixed methods study of patient preferences regarding a clinic-based intervention

Statement of purpose This study aims to investigate associations between intimate partner violence (IPV), reproductive coercion (RC), and contraception, and to understand IPV and RC intervention preferences, barriers to uptake, and implementation issues. Past work suggests that fear of violence/sabotage of contraceptives may explain contraceptive choice and utilisation. Methods/approach Utilising an explanatory mixed methods design, quantitative data about IPV, RC, and contraception were first collected via web-based survey from 194 English-speaking adult-women in a reproductive healthcare setting. Subsequently, qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews with fourteen clinic patients with experiences of IPV and RC to elucidate the quantitative findings and assess intervention preferences and barriers. Associations between IPV, RC, and contraception were estimated with bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results Almost 38% of patients experienced IPV and over 25% experienced RC in their current relationship. Further, 34% of those experiencing IPV experienced RC, and 50% of those experiencing RC experienced IPV. Women experiencing IPV or RC were more likely to depend on withdrawal or condoms. Over 90% of patients who experienced IPV reported they had not discussed these experiences with a healthcare professional. Patients expressed strong desire for providers to regularly ask about their relationships, including experiences of IPV and RC, using open-ended questions that probe beyond physical well-being. For an intervention, patients wanted a ‘human connexion,’ to feel empowered to recognise signs of unhealthy relationships. Conclusions The prevalence of IPV and RC among patients in this setting, corroborated by interviews with patients, suggests that an intervention within a reproductive health setting is warranted. Significance/Contribution to Injury and Violence Prevention Science IPV and RC are significant public health problems. This work suggests that a reproductive health clinic would be an acceptable setting for an intervention to address the effects of IPV and RC on contraceptive use and patient well-being.
Neutrophil extracellular traps are increased in cancer patients but does not associate with venous thrombosis.

Background: A single center, prospective tissue-based study was conducted to investigate an association between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and venous thromboembolic disease in patients with malignancy. Methods: Plasma was collected from 65 patients in which 27 were cancer patients and 38 were agematched non-cancer patients. Plasma NETs, circulating free DNA (cfDNA), DNase-1, endonuclease-G, endonuclease activity and thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complex levels was quantified. Laboratory values were also compared. Additionally, NETs detection and quantification was performed with fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue-banked tumor sections and fresh human venous thrombus derived from cancer patients. Results: Plasma samples from cancer patients contained higher levels of nucleosomes (P=0.0009) and cfDNA (P=0.0008) compared to the non-cancer group. Western blot analysis revealed significantly lower DNase-1 protein levels (P=0.016) that paralleled lower nuclease activity (P=0.03) in plasma samples from cancer patients compared to non-cancer patients. Thrombus tissue from cancer patients and tumor tissue from liver and lung cancer also showed marked levels of NETs. However, increased levels of NETs in cancer patients did not correlate with TAT complex activation or prevalence of venous thrombosis in cancer patients. Conclusions: Further studies are warranted to determine the role of NETs as a procoagulant in human thrombosis.
Functional analysis of high-voltage cable simulation platform based on analog experiment

According to the simulation experiment of high voltage cable defect, the simulation platform of high voltage cable is designed and built. The simulation platform includes booster unit, cable model unit, up flow unit and control unit, and integrates partial discharge, temperature, grounding current online monitoring device. The simulation platform can simulate and analyze all kinds of main insulation, semi-conducting layer, grounding system and insulation defect of high voltage cable. Through the analysis of the function of each component of the simulation platform, the simulation test ability of the platform is verified to ensure the accuracy and precision of the experiment results.
WSi superconducting nanowire single photon detector with a temporal resolution below 5 ps

Through the use of an impedance matched taper, be we demonstrate a reduction of the noise jitter in WSi SNSPDs to a level below the intrinsic effects, resulting in full-width at half-maximum values of 4.8 ps for 532 nm and 10.3 ps for 1550 nm single photons.
Determining Success or Failure After Foot and Ankle Surgery Using Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) and Patient Reported Outcome Information System (PROMIS).

Background:As the role of generic patient-reported outcomes (PROs) expands, important questions remain about their interpretation. In particular, how the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Instru...
The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes as Accessory Cells in Lymphocyte Responses

For some time it has been known that certain immunologic functions of lymphocytes require the addition of mononuclear phagocytes in order to be operative. Historically, Mosier and Coppleson (1968) initially described a need for adherent cells in animal in vitro primary immune responses. As the supportive role of adherent cells in immune responses became apparent, efforts were made to identify the lineage of this accessory cell. The evidence to date indicates that although a number of cells can function as accessory cells, mononuclear phagocytes are the predominant accessory cell type operational in many current immunologic assay systems. Mononuclear phagocytes have been employed as accessory cells in both their blood monocyte and tissue macrophage forms; both animal and human research systems abound.
Economic Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in Cherrybark Oak in the United States

Publisher Summary The recognition of the role of the world's forests in the global carbon cycle brought forests and forestry into the arena of international climate change policy when more than 150 countries signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. Global concern about increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere and the possible consequences of future climate changes have generated interest in offsetting emissions by storing additional carbon in forests or other terrestrial carbon sinks. To manage forests in ways that would result in storage of more carbon, there are two major courses of action: increase forest area by converting land currently in other uses into forest land and increase the productivity of existing forest lands by managing the land so as to increase the amount of carbon sequestered. Other forestry opportunities include reducing forest burning and deforestation, increasing biomass production and utilization, planting trees in urban environments, and increasing use of wood in durable products. This chapter discusses the potential and profitability of afforestation of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda) on marginal agricultural lands in the lower Mississippi River Valley for the purpose of capturing carbon dioxide and mitigating the greenhouse effect. To determine the profitability of afforesting these lands, the Forest Vegetation Simulator, an individual-tree, distance-independent growth and yield model, was used to simulate stand growth data, including diameter, height, and volume from stand establishment to final harvest.
Silane Dehydrocoupling Reactions Catalyzed by the Late Transition Metals

Synthesis of oligomeric silanes via homogeneous late transition metal catalyzed dehydrocoupling of silanes is discussed. We have found that primary silanes are converted to oligomeric silanes by platinum catalysts. We have isolated platinum-silicon four-membered rings (4MR) with short Si−Si cross ring contacts from these catalytic mixtures and find that the 4MR are catalysts for the oligomerization. The platinum-silicon 4MR have been fully characterized. The possible involvement of metal disilene complexes in the oligomerization process is discussed.
Quantitative Evaluation of Algorithms for Isotopic Envelope Extraction via Extracted Ion Chromatogram Clustering

LC–MS precursor (MS1) data are used increasingly often in conjunction with MS/MS data for the quantification, validation, and other computational mass spectrometry tasks. The efficacy of MS1 data o...
Response surface modeling of precision-guided fragmentation munitions:

The use of precision-guided artillery rounds has increased in recent years, but analytical models within simulations that enable effect analysis and tradeoff analysis between precision and conventi...
A reconstructive algorithm after thigh soft tissue sarcoma resection including predictors of free flap reconstruction

Summary Background Reconstruction of defects of the thigh after oncologic resection plays a vital role in limb salvage. Our goal was to evaluate our institution's experience on thigh sarcomas to develop evidence-based recommendations to guide the reconstructive surgeon, including factors that would predict the need for free flap reconstruction. Methods We reviewed all thigh defects requiring plastic surgeon reconstruction following sarcoma resection at our institution from 1997 to 2014. Patient demographics, comorbidities, multimodality therapies, and operative characteristics were analyzed. Results There were 159 thigh reconstructions. Reconstruction was achieved by primary closure (15%), skin graft (13%), local fasciocutaneous flap (8%), local muscle flap (31%), regional muscle flap (28%), or free flap (4%). For the proximal third of the thigh, the most common flaps were pedicled thigh muscle and rectus abdominis flaps; for the middle third of the thigh, it was pedicled thigh muscle flaps; and for the distal third, it was pedicled gastrocnemius muscle flaps. Factors shown to be predictive of requiring a free flap included wide defects (p = 0.03) and location in the middle third of the thigh (p = 0.001). Conclusion There are multiple options for reconstructing defects from thigh STS. When primary closure and skin grafts are not an option, most defects can be closed with pedicled local or regional muscle or fasciocutaneous flaps. Free flap reconstruction is rarely required but can be necessary when defects are wide or located in the middle third of the thigh.
Molecular Photoswitches Based on Spiro‐Acridans.

Novel thermally-reversible photochromic spiro-acridans are prepared and their photoactivity is reported.
Probing the Intergalactic Medium with the O VI Forest

Recent Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer observations have detected O VI absorption lines at low redshift that are not clearly associated with any galactic system. In this Letter, we argue that these lines are due to metal-enriched hot gas in the intergalactic medium. Using numerical simulations of a cosmological constant-dominated cosmology, combined with reasonable assumptions about the metallicity distribution, we show that the number density and internal characteristics of these lines are correctly predicted. We find that the O VI is primarily produced by collisional ionization from gas at a few times 105 K for lines with equivalent widths larger than 40 mA, while weaker lines can also be produced by photoionization. The absorption occurs in diffuse gas in filaments at moderate overdensity (δ ~ 5-100).
Anodically Bonded CMUT with a Two-Layer Bottom Electrode for Increased Reliability and Reduced Parasitic Capacitance

This paper introduces a new fabrication process variation for improving the reliability and performance of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers by using a two-layer bottom electrode on a glass substrate. This structure decouples the active gap from the gap at the interconnects allowing for thicker nitride in the sealing area. A larger gap at the interconnects decreases their parasitic capacitance, and thicker sealing nitride decreases the effects of charging and can prevent dielectric breakdown.
CRT-600.11 Percutaneous Transaxillary Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) With Minimalist Approach as Primary Alternative Access to Transfemoral Access

Transfemoral approach is the standard vascular access for TAVR, but it is not always feasible for patients with severely diseased iliofemoral arteries. Axillary approach with surgical cutdown has been shown to have similar outcomes to transfemoral approach. More recently, percutaneous transaxillary
Trends in adult patients presenting to pediatric emergency departments

Abstract Objective Adults presenting to pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) include those with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) often still followed by pediatric providers, and those without CCCs (non-CCCs). This paper describes recent trends in adults seen within PEDs, both by age subgroups and CCC status. Methods Data were retrospectively reviewed from the Pediatric Health Information System for PED visits between Jan 1, 2013 and Dec 31, 2017. Yearly visit rates were trended for all adult visits, age subgroups (18–21, 22–25, 26–40, and 41–95 years), and by CCC status. The most frequent diagnoses were reviewed for each adult age group and CCC category. Results Rates of adult PED visits significantly increased from 3.7% in 2013 to 4.2% in 2017 (P 70% for each age group) of adult PED patients were non-CCC, the rate of CCC patients increased overall (P Conclusion Visits to PEDs by adult patients have increased over time, with the majority of the population being represented by non-CCC adults. The results of this study can be used to guide specifics in adult medicine training during Pediatric Emergency Medicine fellowship and assist in continuing education efforts.
Microplastic Prevalence in 4 Oregon Rivers Along a Rural to Urban Gradient Applying a Cost-Effective Validation Technique.

Microplastics are ubiquitous in our environment and are found in rivers, streams, oceans, and even tap water. Riverine microplastics are relatively understudied compared with those in marine ecosystems. In Oregon (USA), we sampled 8 sites along 4 freshwater rivers spanning rural to urban areas to quantify microplastics. Plankton tow samples from sites along the Columbia, Willamette, Deschutes, and Rogue Rivers were analyzed using traditional light microscopy for initial microplastic counts. Application of Nile Red dye to validate microplastics improved microplastic identification, particularly for particles (Wilcox test; p = 0.001). Nile Red-corrected microfiber abundance was correlated with human population within 5 km of the sample site (R² = 0.554), although no such relationship was observed between microparticles and population (R² = 0.183). We found that plastics were present in all samples from all sites, despite the range from undeveloped, remote stretches of river in rural areas to metropolitan sites within Portland (OR, USA), demonstrating the pervasive presence of plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1590-1598. © 2020 SETAC.
Post-Translation Regulation of Influenza Virus Replication.

Influenza virus exploits cellular factors to complete each step of viral replication. Yet, multiple host proteins actively block replication. Consequently, infection success depends on the relative...
Novel In Situ Hybridization and Multiplex Immunofluorescence Technology Combined With Whole-slide Digital Image Analysis in Kidney Transplantation:

The elusive nature of assessing immunological processes in situ in organ transplantation is one of the major impediments to improve diagnostics and treatment. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study using multiplexed in situ hybridization (ISH) (RNAscope) to detect low-abundance cytokines in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human transplant kidney biopsies in combination with immunofluorescence (IF) for cell phenotyping. We show that a multiplex IF and ISH (mIFISH) assay is feasible to identify the cellular source of cytokines and chemokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and CXCL9) in FFPE transplant kidney biopsies and that quantification of the mRNA and protein signal is also possible at single-cell resolution in the context of tissue complexity. Furthermore, the mIFISH assay allows precise quantitative assessment of tubulitis, one of the key morphological correlates of alloimmune injury. Simultaneous in situ identification and quantification of multiple cellular phenotypes and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in FFPE tissues offer a novel insight into the biology of alloimmune injury in kidney transplantation and may contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy and patient care.
Sex effects in the association between airway microbiome and asthma.

Abstract Background Sex differences exist in asthma susceptibility and severity. Accumulating evidence has linked airway microbiome dysbiosis to asthma, and airway microbial communities have been found to differ by sex. However, whether sex modifies the link between airway microbiome and asthma has not been investigated. Objective To evaluate sex effects in the association between airway microbiome and asthma. Methods We analyzed induced sputum samples from 47 subjects (n = 23 patients with asthma and n = 24 normal controls) using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing methods. The bacterial composition was analyzed for sex differences. Bacterial associations with asthma were assessed for each sex at the core taxa and genus levels. Results The microbiome in induced sputum differed in women vs men at the community level. A total of 5 core bacterial taxa were found in all samples. No sex-specific core taxa were detected. The most abundant core taxon, Streptococcus salivarius, was significantly enriched in women than in men (P = .02). Within each sex, individuals with relatively lower abundance of S salivarius were more likely to have asthma (P = .006). For both sexes, increased Lactobacillus species were found in sputum samples of patients with patients compared with normal controls (adjusted P = .01). Haemophilus species were associated with asthma in men and not in women. Conclusion The airway microbiome differed by sex, and sex effects exist in the association of airway microbial markers and asthma. Future airway microbiome studies may yield better resolution if the context of specific sex is considered. The airway microbiome is a potential mechanism driving sex differences in asthma.
Impact of Intraoperative Cell Salvage on Concentrations of Antibiotics Used for Surgical Prophylaxis.

Intraoperative cell salvage (IOCS) is used to administer autologous blood lost during surgery. We studied antibiotic disposition through an ex vivo IOCS system for vancomycin, piperacillin, ampicillin, and cefazolin. Only 2% ± 1% of antibiotic inoculated in whole blood was recovered in the IOCS reinfusion bag, whereas 97% ± 17% was found in the waste. These observations were confirmed for ampicillin in two patients undergoing liver transplantation. Studies measuring the impact of IOCS on perioperative antibiotic concentrations are warranted.
Krull dimension for limit groups

We show that varieties defined over free groups have finite Krull dimension, answering a question of Z Sela.