cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 14-Day Recovery and Physical Activity Levels After an Ankle Sprain in Mice.

Context Research is needed to find ways of improving physical activity after a lateral ankle sprain. Objective To investigate the effects of a prolonged rest period on lifelong activity after a sur...
Improved Search and Detection of Surface-to-Air Missile Sites Using Spatial Fusion of Component Object Detections from Deep Neural Networks

Here we demonstrate how Deep Neural Network (DNN) detections of multiple constitutive or component objects that are part of a larger, more complex, and encompassing feature can be spatially fused to improve the search, detection, and retrieval (ranking) of the larger complex feature. Scores computed from a spatial clustering algorithm are normalized to a reference space so that they are independent of image resolution and DNN input chip size. DNN detections from multiple component objects can then be fused with or without human-expert provided weights to improve the retrieval (ranking) of DNN detections of a larger complex feature. We demonstrate the utility of this approach for broad area search and detection of Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) sites that have a very low occurrence rate (only 16 sites) over a ~90,000 km2 study area in SE China. Our spatial fusion approach can be easily extended to a wide variety of other challenging object search and detection problems in large-scale remote sensing image datasets.
Provider Knowledge and Support of Uterus Transplantation: Surveying Multidisciplinary Team Members.

Abstract Objective To determine relevant provider opinions on uterus transplantation (UTx). Patients and Methods We invited 1933 providers in obstetrics and gynecology, transplant surgery, transplant medicine, internal medicine, and family medicine at a large, integrated health care system to complete an online survey containing a series of questions on their attitudes about the ethics and clinical utility of UTx. The survey was open from June 4, 2018, through July 2, 2018. We received 449 responses overall (23.2% response rate). Results Of 433 physicians who responded, 195 (45.0%) believe that UTx is ethically justified, and just over a third (160 of 446 [35.9%]) would introduce the possibility of UTx to a patient with absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI). Respondents indicated the risks to donor, recipient, and child carried the most weight in their ethical evaluation and were most supportive of UTx in a patient with congenital uterine absence (334 of 743 [45.0%]; participants were allowed to choose more than one answer). A majority stated that a living or cadaveric donor would be an acceptable donor source (238 of 395 [60.3%]). Conclusion Provider support for UTx is qualified by safety concerns and its expansion to patient populations other than women with AUFI. This survey suggests that most providers limit their support of UTx to patients with the most demonstrated clinical need, childless women with AUFI.
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Metformin Use in Hospitalized, Non–Critically Ill Patients:

Background: Contraindications and precautions to metformin have limited inpatient use, and limited evidence exists evaluating metformin in hospitalized patients. Objective: This study aimed to dete...
Loop extrusion model predicts CTCF interaction specificity

Three-dimensional chromatin looping interactions play an important role in constraining enhancer-promoter interactions and mediating transcriptional gene regulation. CTCF is thought to play a critical role in the formation of these loops, but the specificity of which CTCF binding events form loops and which do not is difficult to predict. Loops often have convergent CTCF binding site motif orientation, but this constraint alone is only weakly predictive of genome-wide interaction data. Here we present an easily interpretable and simple mathematical model of CTCF mediated loop formation which is consistent with Cohesin extrusion and can predict ChIA-PET CTCF looping interaction measurements with high accuracy. Competition between overlapping loops is a critical determinant of loop specificity. We show that this model is consistent with observed chromatin interaction frequency changes induced by CTCF binding site deletion, inversion, and mutation, and is also consistent with observed constraints on validated enhancer-promoter interactions.
The Matter of Wit in Kant’s Anthropologie in Pragmatischer Hinsicht

The essay begins with an examination of Kant's account of wit in the Anthropologie. It argues that Kant's unexpected inclusion of wit in the higher faculty of cognition raises fundamental questions...
Adaptive Robust Trajectory Tracking Control of Fully Actuated Bipedal Robotic Walking

Uncertainties are prevalent in real-world applications of bipedal walking robots, which may deteriorate the robot’s locomotion performance and even cause instability. However, designing controllers to address uncertainties for bipedal robotic walking is challenging mainly due to the high complexity of the hybrid walking dynamics under uncertainties. In this paper, an adaptive robust control strategy is proposed by combining control Lyapunov functions and the construction of multiple Lyapunov functions for provably guaranteeing the stability and trajectory tracking performance of fully actuated bipedal robots in the presence of uncertainties such as modeling errors and unmodeled disturbances. Simulation results on a three-dimensional bipedal robot with nine revolute joints were conducted to illustrate that the proposed adaptive robust control law can ensure stability and satisfactory tracking performance in the presence of parametric modeling uncertainties and unmodeled nonlinearities.
Use of cervicothoracic rotation flap and osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap for a complex multilayered cheek defect reconstruction

We report the combination of osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap and extensive cervicothoracic flap to reconstruct a large through-and-through cheek and mandibular defect. In patients with difficult clinical settings, this approach reduces operative time and complications without compromising the functional and cosmetic outcomes.
The Corpus and the Critics

Most any approach to interpretation of the language of law begins with a search for ordinary meaning. Increasingly, judges, scholars, and practitioners are highlighting shortcomings in our means for assessing such meaning. With this in mind, we have proposed the use of the tools of corpus linguistics to take up the task. Our proposals have gained traction but have also seen significant pushback. The search for ordinary meaning poses a series of questions that are amenable to evaluation and analysis using evidence of language usage. And we have proposed to use the tools of corpus linguistics—tools for assessing patterns of language usage in large databases of naturally occurring language—to introduce transparent, falsifiable evidence on the questions at stake. Our critics raise a series of challenges, asserting that our methods test the wrong language community, pose notice problems, are inaccurate measures, and rest on certain fallacies. We show that the criticisms are largely in error and ultimately highlight some of the main selling points of our proposed methods. We do so in reference to two canonical Supreme Court cases that have been discussed in the literature in this field (Muscarello v. United States and Taniguchi v. Kan Pacific Saipan, Ltd.) and also a more recent case (Mont v. United States). In analyzing these cases (particularly the most recent one), we also outline a framework for some proposed refinements to the methods we have advocated previously.
Development of an Antiseizure Drug Screening Platform for Dravet Syndrome at the NINDS contract site for the Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program

ObjectiveDravet syndrome (DS) is a rare, but catastrophic genetic epilepsy, with 80% of patients with carrying a mutation in the SCN1A gene. Currently, no anti-seizure drug (ASD) exists that adequately controls seizures. Patients with DS often present clinically with a febrile seizure and generalized tonic-clonic seizures that continue throughout life. To facilitate the development of ASDs for DS, the contract site of the NINDS Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) has evaluated a mouse model of DS using the conditional knock-in Scn1aA1783V/WT mouse. MethodsSurvival rates and temperature thresholds for Scn1aA1783V/WT were determined. Prototype ASDs were administered via intraperitoneal injections at the time-to-peak effect, which was previously determined, prior to the induction of hyperthermia-induced seizures. Protection was determined if ASDs significantly increased the temperature at which Scn1aA1783V/WT mice seized. ResultsApproximately 50% of Scn1aA1783V/WT survive to adulthood and all have hyperthermia-induce seizures. The results suggest that hyperthermia-induced seizures in this model of DS are highly refractory to a battery of ASDs. Exceptions were clobazam, tiagabine, and the combination of clobazam and valproic acid with add-on stiripentol, which elevated seizure thresholds SignificanceOverall, the data demonstrate the proposed model for DS is suitable for screening novel compounds for the ability to block hyperthermia-induced seizures and heterozygous mice can be evaluated repeatedly over the course of several weeks, allowing for higher throughput screening. Key Points O_LIScn1aA1783V/WT mice have a 50% survival rate and all have hyperthermia-induced seizures. C_LIO_LICommon DS treatments such as CLB and combinatorial therapy of CLB, VPA, and STP increase temperature thresholds in Scn1aA1783V/WT mice. C_LIO_LISodium channel blockers, such as CBZ and LTG, decrease temperature thresholds of Scn1aA1783V/WT mice as predicted. C_LIO_LIScn1aA1783V/WT mice are highly pharmacoresitant to common ASDs C_LIO_LIThe Scn1aA1783V/WT may be a useful preclinical drug screening platform for the treatment of DS. C_LI
Behavioral and Therapeutic Treatment of ADHD in Adolescents

This chapter explores non-pharmacological approaches to managing ADHD in adolescents. Although the use of medication and school supports are the most frequently used approaches in the treatment of ADHD, providers should not overlook the importance of behavioral and therapeutic interventions when caring for individuals with ADHD. Psychosocial interventions for ADHD are classified into three major categories: behavioral interventions (parent training, classroom management, and peer interventions), skills training (organization training, cognitive training, neurofeedback training), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT has not been shown to be efficacious in the management of ADHD, but it may provide some relief for comorbid conditions more likely to manifest in youth with ADHD. Physical activity may also have positive effects on oppositional defiant symptoms, mood, and peer interactions in this cohort.
Study of lens performance on fog mitigation in low-cost FSO communication link

Free Space Optics (FSO) has the potential to offer fast broad-bandwidth communication, but experiences signal loss due to atmospheric attenuation. Our study assesses the performance of different lens configurations to mitigate the fog scattering loss in a low-cost visible-band FSO communication system. We built a fog-testing chamber and novel transmitter board to evaluate our FSO link at four different visible-band wavelengths and three different lens configurations. We also analyze the receiver signal strength to determine the fog-induced attenuation and compare each lens performance in the system. To design and evaluate the optimum lens system, several novel transmitterreceiver lens configurations are analyzed and compared: plano-convex to plano-convex (P-P), bi-convex to planoconvex (B-P), and bi-convex to bi-convex (B-B). We observe that the visible-band wavelength can minimizes the amount of fog-induced signal loss. The lens configuration in conjunction with the most optimal visible-band wavelength is then analyzed with various fog levels. We determine the most efficient double-lens configuration in the FSO system with fog-induced noise. On average, the biconvex-planoconvex system performed 63.85% better than the planoconvex-planoconvex system and 50.42% better than the biconvex-biconvex system. These results can be attributed to the spherical aberration from the transmitter lens and will be discussed in the paper.
Colimits in the category DCPO

We establish sufficient and necessary conditions for a natural sink to be a colimit in DCPO. Based on these conditions, we show how to construct a colimit for any functor F from a small category Ω into the category DCPO. This demonstrates that the category DCPO is cocomplete. We also investigate under what conditions the colimit object is algebraic.
Coming in from the Margin: Research Practices, Representation and the Ordinary.

This essay explores issues of marginality and representation in research, which emerged during life history interviews with Tammi, an “ordinary” woman living in Appalachia. I examine how my research practices, namely my thirst for drama and marginality, nearly silenced the preferred stories of the woman who shared her life with me. I contrast Tammi’s unique yet quotidian accounts with streams of literature reflecting a tendency to neglect the commonplace by representing residents of Appalachia through tragic or heroic extremes. This essay pairs Tammi’s stories with a reflection on what may have become of them had I followed my first impulse to sacrifice the ordinary at the altar of the marginal. Key Words: Representation, Marginality, Life History, and Appalachia
Dynamic Modeling of Marine Bioluminescence and Night Time Leaving Radiance

Abstract : The long-term objective is to contribute to the development of the components of limited area, open boundary, coastal nowcast/forecast systems that will resolve the time and length scales of the relevant physical-biological dynamics in shallow coastal environments.
Flare-Like Ultraviolet Spectra of Active Regions

Some characteristic features of UV spectra which can be seen in flares (Brueckner, this Symposium, p. 135) can also be detected in active regions without the presence of typical other flare phenomena like X-ray enhancement. Another distinct difference between these ‘flare-like’ spectra and flare spectra is the absence of very high temperature ions like Fe xxi in the ‘flare-like’ spectra. They occur in small areas and can be detected as ‘fluctuating Hα bright points’ in broad band Hα. Simultaneously, a strong UV brightening can be seen. As reported by the Skylab crews, these brightenings occur more frequently and quasi-periodic prior to flares. Their spectra show the very broad transition zone lines and often strong line shifts toward the blue or red. Figure 1 shows a selection of typical spectra. One notices a very asymmetric Lα profile in one case. Spectra prior to, during, and after a flare are reproduced in Figure 2. One recognizes that the transition zone instability started intermittently prior to the flare and could be seen during short time intervals long after the flare had ceased.
Specific Heat and Paramagnetic Susceptibility of Stoichiometric and Reduced Rutile (Ti O 2 ) from 0.3 to 20 K

The specific heat of rutile (Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$) has been measured between 0.3 and 20 K in different magnetic fields, and for various degrees and types of reduction. In addition, the paramagnetic susceptibility has been measured below 4.2 K for three reduced samples. The parameters which characterize the specific heat of the stoichiometric boule include a Debye $\ensuremath{\Theta}$ at $T=0$ of 778 K, an optical mode of Einstein frequency 83 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and an impurity of 1.08 ppm ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$. The specific heat of all reduced samples indicates that there is a narrow intrinsic conduction band lying below the wider conduction band seen above 30 K. The electrons in this band have a density-of-states effective mass of $190{m}_{e}$. The specific heat of a vacuum-reduced sample in zero field and two magnetic fields is reproduced by a model which has 1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ impurity-related spin-degenerate levels 1.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ eV below the narrow band. In the more highly reduced samples, the defects are not impurity-related. Below 1.2 K, the specific heats and magnetic susceptibility of highly reduced rutile are characteristic of a paramagnetic ion with two energy levels about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ eV apart. Hydrogen reductions result in interaction between the ions. The activation energy to the band is about 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ eV for rutile reduced highly without the use of hydrogen, but no activation energy is evident for hydrogen-reduced material. A decrease in the specific heat near 20 K is not understood. It may be explained as being due to a decrease in the lattice specific heat with reduction. It also may be due to electrons approaching the top of the band which then narrows with increasing temperature because of small polaron effects.
Biologically-Inspired Electronics with Memory Circuit Elements

Several unique properties of biological systems, such as adaptation to natural environment, or of animals to learn patterns when appropriately trained, are features that are extremely useful, if emulated by electronic circuits, in applications ranging from robotics to solution of complex optimization problems, traffic control, etc. In this chapter, we discuss several examples of biologically-inspired circuits that take advantage of memory circuit elements, namely, electronic elements whose resistive, capacitive or inductive characteristics depend on their past dynamics. We provide several illustrations of what can be accomplished with these elements including learning circuits and related adaptive filters, neuromorphic and cellular computing circuits, analog massively-parallel computation architectures, etc. We also give examples of experimental realizations of memory circuit elements and discuss opportunities and challenges in this new field.
Estimating Soil Moisture Under Low Frequency Surface Irrigation Using Crop Water Stress Index

The present study investigated the relationship between the crop water stress index ~CWSI! and soil moisture for surface irrigated cotton ~Gossypium hirsutum, Delta Pine 90b! at Maricopa, Arizona during the 1998 season. The CWSI was linked to soil moisture through the water stress coefficient Ks that accounts for reduced crop evapotranspiration when there is a shortage of soil water. A stress recovery coefficient Krec was introduced to account for reduced crop evapotranspiration as the crop recovered from water stress after irrigation events. A soil water stress index ~SWSI! was derived in terms of Ks and Krec . The SWSI compared reasonably well to the CWSI, but atmospheric stability correction for the CWSI did not improve comparisons. When the CWSI was substituted into the SWSI formulation, it gave good prediction of soil moisture depletion ~fDEP; when to irrigate! and depth of root zone depletion ( Dr ; how much to irrigate!. Disagreement was greatest for fDEP,0.6 because cotton is less sensitive to water stress in this range.
Effects of reward amount and reward omission on short-term retention

A series of four experiments studied the retention of the response made on a just-preceding trial as a function of the presence, and amount, of food reward given on that trial. Rats were trained to alternate arm choices in a T-maze, and then were tested for alternation with 5- or 30-sec delays between runs. When the subjects had received prior experience with the reward amounts used in testing, larger rewards led to better retention than did small or no rewards. However, when reward omission first occurred during the test phase, it produced more alternation on the following trial than did reward presence. The results suggest that both reward amount and surprisingness determine short-term retention of responses paired with the rewards.
Triton's streaks as windblown dust

Explanations for the surface streaks observed by Voyager 2 on Triton's southern hemisphere are discussed. It is shown that, despite Triton's tenuous atmosphere, low-cohesion dust trains with diameters of about 5 micron or less may be carried into suspension by aeolian surface shear stress, given expected geostrophic wind speeds of about 10 m/s. For geyser-like erupting dust plumes, it is shown that dust-settling time scales and expected wind velocities can produce streaks with length scales in good agreement with those of the streaks. Thus, both geyserlike eruptions or direct lifting by surface winds appear to be viable mechanisms for the origin of the streaks.
Cryopreserved venous allografts: Effects of immunosuppression and antiplatelet therapy on patency and function

Abstract Purpose: Experiments were designed to determine the function of the endothelium and smooth muscle in cryopreserved and fresh canine saphenous vein allografts. Methods: Reversed interposition saphenous vein grafts were implanted into the femoral arteries of two groups of dogs: group 1 received one freshly harvested saphenous vein allograft and group 2 received one cryopreserved saphenous vein allograft. The contralateral femoral artery in each group was replaced with a freshly harvested autogenous saphenous vein. Animals received oral cyclosporine alone ( n = 3) or in combination with aspirin (325 mg/day; n = 20). Results: Four weeks after surgery, none of the cryopreserved grafts was patent in the group treated with cyclosporine alone. All grafts were patent in animals treated with cyclosporine and aspirin. At 4 weeks, blood flow through cryopreserved allografts was significantly greater than in freshly harvested allografts. Platelet deposition was comparable in cryopreserved and freshly harvested allografts immediately after implantation and at 4 weeks. Rings cut from the grafts were suspended for the measurement of isometric force in organ chambers. α-Adrenergic agonists and endothelin caused concentration-dependent contractions in fresh autografts and allografts. After submaximal contraction with prostaglandin F 2α in these same grafts, calcium ionophore and thrombin caused relaxations in rings with endothelium, and nitric oxide caused relaxations in rings without endothelium. Cryopreserved allografts did not respond to any of the agonists tested. Histologic examination of the tissue indicated smooth muscle cells in cryopreserved grafts; evidence of rejection was observed in all allografts. Conclusion: These results indicate that cryopreserved allografts remain patent with antiplatelet and immunosuppressive therapy in spite of loss of functional smooth muscle. (J VASC SURG 1993;18;216-26.)
Diagnosis of Fistulas of the Mitral‐Aortic Intervalvular Fibrosa

A 57-year-old white male status post St. Jude aortic prosthesis, who 10 years later presented with congestive heart failure was found to have a fistula between the left ventricular outflow tract and left atrium at the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa with no evidence of endocarditis or trauma.
Evaluation of improved inlets and annular denuder systems to measure inorganic air pollutants

Abstract Modifications were made to various components of an annular denuder system for the collection of ambient SO2, HNO3, HNO2, NH3, SO42−, and NO3−. The annular denuder was modified to incorporate a laminar restoration section as part of the annular denuder itself in order to reduce construction costs and to minimize leaks in the system during field operation. Teflon-coated glass impactors and cyclone inlets for the annular denuders were developed and evaluated for their inertness to acidic gases collected in the annular denuders. Paired samples were collected over a period of several months on the roof of the EPA laboratory in Research Triangle Park, NC, in order to compare the new inlets. For 17 sampling runs when two different types of inlets were compared, average differences for the measurement of SO2, HNO3 and HNO2 were 3.4, 6.4 and 8.3%, respectively. For five sampling runs using pairs of identical impactor inlets, duplication for SO2 and HNO3 improved slightly. Annular denuder systems using cyclone and impactor preseparators yielded no significant differences in their abilities to collect HNO3 and SO2. The results are supported by the laboratory data of Appel et al. (1987, EPA/APCA Symp., Research Triangle Park), which indicate that no HNO3 is retained in the inlets tested. Coarse-particle bounce through the system was shown to be a potential problem, although this had no apparent effect on acidic gas collection.
A real-time robotic model of human reference resolution using visual constraints

Evidence from recent psycholinguistic experiments suggests that humans resolve reference incrementally in the presence of constraining visual context. In this paper, we present and evaluate a computational model of human reference resolution that directly builds a semantic interpretation of an utterance without the need for a separate syntactic analysis phase, which typically involves the construction of parse trees. The model is implemented on a robot using real audio and video inputs, (thus it operates in real time), and is distributed over several computers, which run in parallel. Results from experiments with the model confirm the viability of the algorithm to process semantic interpretations, in particular reference incrementally, as demonstrated to be employed by humans.
Allelic Loss in Colorectal Carcinoma

Clinical and pathological associations with molecular genetic alterations were studied in colorectal carcinomas from 83 patients. Fractional allelic loss, a measure of allelic deletions throughout the genome, and allelic deletions of specific chromosomal arms (the short arm of 17 and long arm of 18) each provided independent prognostic information by multivariate analysis when considered individually with Dukes'classification. Distant metastasis was significantly associated with high fractional allelic loss and with deletions of 17p and 18q. Mutations of ras proto-oncogenes and deletions of 5q had no prognostic importance. Statistically significant associations were also found between allelic losses and a family history of cancer, left-sided tumor location, and absence of extracellular tumor mucin. Allelic deletion analysis thus identified subsets of colorectal carcinoma with increased predilection for distant metastasis and cancer-related death. Further studies may define a subset of genetic alterations that can be used clinically to help assess prognosis. (JAMA. 1989;261:3099-3103)
Geometry and subsurface lithology of southern Death Valley basin, California, based on refraction analysis of multichannel seismic data

The shallow structure and subsurface lithology of southern Death Valley basin in eastern California were studied using refraction analysis of multichannel seismic reflection data acquired by COCORP. Two-dimensional velocity models of the upper 3 km of southern Death Valley were derived from iterative fitting of first-arrival travel-times on common-shot and common-receiver gathers. The structural basement beneath southern Death Valley, defined by rocks having velocities greater than 4.0 km/s, is asymmetric and dips gently to the east where it is terminated by a steeply dipping fault which parallels the Black Mountain range front and has normal, down-to-the-west displacement. Numerous other faults that have normal components of displacement obliquely cross the seismic lines and indicate that the southern Death Valley basin formed from the divergent wrench system of the southern Death Valley fault zone.
Nutrition work in socioeconomic development agencies.

Abstract Since the early 1980s nutritional levels have deteriorated in Latin America. The multilateral development agencies are stepping up their attempts at incorporating nutrition considerations into selected agricultural, fisheries and rural development projects. This requires overcoming image barriers to the effect that nutrition activites are complex, costly, difficult to administer and economically not readily justifiable.
Functional Anatomy of the Forelimb Muscles of the Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)

The myology of most members of the cat family (Felidae) is poorly documented. This study describes the forelimb myology of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and compares the forelimb anatomy of the ocelot to that of other well-documented felids (Felis catus, Panthera leo). A substantial number of myological features vary among the three species and are distributed in a manner consistent with major ecomorphological variables (prey size preference and locomotor repertoire). The origin of m. triceps brachii caput longum is most extensive in Panthera leo, consistent with the fact that this species pursues prey over greater distances compared to F. catus or L. pardalis. In addition, the origins and insertions of the pronator and supinator musculature are reduced in Felis catus, which has little need to supinate during locomotion or prey capture. Furthermore, muscles serving the digits are best developed in the lion and ocelot, both of which make greater use of the forelimb for grasping and manipulation than does the domestic cat. However, while the lion probably retains the primitive morphology for the family, the ocelot shows evidence of secondary adaptation to increased mobility of the digits. Overall, results indicate that additional studies of felid forelimb myology are warranted, as they are likely to provide valuable functional insights.
Comorbidity of Reading Disability and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder Differences by Gender and Subtype

This study used a community sample of 494 twins with a reading disability (223 girls, 271 boys) and 373 twins without a reading disability (189 girls, 184 boys) to assess the relation between reading disability (RD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Symptoms of DSM-III and DSM-IV ADHD were classified into symptoms of inattention and symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity (H/I). Results indicated that individuals with RD were more likely than individuals without RD to meet criteria for ADHD and that the association between RD and ADHD was stronger for symptoms of inattention than for symptoms of H/I. Parents and teachers reported similar rates of ADHD, suggesting that ADHD symptoms were pervasive across settings and were not solely attributable to academic frustration. Analyses of possible gender differences revealed that RD was significantly associated with inattention in both girls and boys but associated with H/I only in boys. This difference may provide a partial explanation for the discrepancy between the gender ratio obtained in referred (approximately 4 boys to 1 girl) and nonreferred (1.2 to 1.5 boys to 1 girl) samples of individuals with RD. Specifically, the hyperactive and impulsive behaviors exhibited by boys with RD may be more disruptive than the inattentive behaviors exhibited by girls and may therefore precipitate more frequent referrals for clinical attention.
Niger's infrastructure : a continental perspective

Between 2000 and 2005 infrastructure made a net contribution of only 0.3 percentage points to the improved per capita growth performance of Niger, one of the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Raising the country's infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries (MICs) could boost annual growth by about 4.5 percentage points, mainly by improving the condition of the road network. Niger has made significant progress in some areas of its infrastructure. Important reforms liberalizing the water supply and information and communication technology (ICT) sectors have boosted performance. In particular, reforms in urban water are among the most promising on the continent. Increased competition in the ICT market has contributed to the rapid expansion of mobile services. NIGELEC, the national power utility, has enhanced its performance. The Nigerien portions of regional corridors are in relatively good or fair condition. Air transport connectivity has improved. Niger has the potential to close this funding gap by tapping alternate sources of financing or adopting lower-cost technologies. There is plenty of room for private sector participation in Niger's infrastructure sectors, in particular ICT. Meanwhile, the adoption of alternate lower-cost technologies in the water supply, power, and road sectors would reduce the financing gap by almost a half ($219 million).
Treatment of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether Vapors in Biotrickling Filters. 2. Analysis of the Rate-Limiting Step and Behavior under Transient Conditions

Detailed experiments were performed with gas phase biotrickling filters treating vapors of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a gasoline additive of great environmental concern. A particular emphasis was placed on the analysis of the rate-limiting step, and it was found that the process was mostly limited by the biological reaction rather than by mass transfer. Further experiments involved the study of the dynamic behavior of the biotrickling filters under simulated field conditions. In all cases, the biotrickling filters adapted rapidly to the new conditions, and new steady states were obtained within hours. The relevance of the results and the implications as far as implementation of biotrickling filters for field MTBE treatment are discussed.
Guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia in the US and Canada: A practical approach to antibiotic selection

Several US and Canadian national organizations have published guidelines for antibiotic therapy of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This review paper will present the clinican with a practical approach to antibiotic selection based on current guidelines.
Exploring medical data using visual spaces with genetic programming and implicit functional mappings

Two medical data sets (Breast cancer and Colon cancer) are investigated within a visual data mining paradigm through the unsupervised construction of virtual reality spaces using genetic programming and classical optimization (for comparison purposes). The desired visual spaces are such that a modified genetic programming approach was proposed in order to generate programs representing vector functions. The extension leads to populations that are composed of forests, instead of single expression trees. No particular kind of genetic programming algorithm is required due to the generic nature of the approach taken in the paper. The results (visual spaces) show that the relationships between the data objects and their classes can be appreciated in all of the obtained spaces regardless of the mapping error. In addition, the spaces obtained with genetic programming resulted in lower mapping errors than a classical optimizer and produced relatively simple equations. Further, the set of obtained equations can be statistically analyzed in terms of the original attributes in order to further the understanding of the derivation of the new nonlinear features that are constructed. Thus, explicit mappings provided by genetic programming can be used for feature selection and generation in data mining where scalar and/or vector functions are involved.
Search, common knowledge, and competition

Abstract This paper analyzes the effects of buyer search costs and seller private and common knowledge on seller competition. It shows that lack of common knowledge results in the equilibrium price continuously decreasing to the perfectly competitive one as buyer search costs for price decrease from positive for all buyers to zero for all buyers, even if each market agent's uncertainty (in the private knowledge) is small. At the same time, if the uncertainty of each seller about buyer valuations is small, the effects of a small change in the search costs or of information structure on pricing may be large (but continuous).
Intermittent hypoxia augments pulmonary vascular smooth muscle reactivity to NO: regulation by reactive oxygen species.

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) resulting from sleep apnea can lead to pulmonary hypertension. IH causes oxidative stress that may limit bioavailability of the endothelium-derived vasodilator nitric oxid...
Mobility Aspiration-Achievement Discrepancies and Mental Illness

Samples of psychiatric out-patients and screened community controls were selected in order to study the relationship of mental illness and mobility aspiration-achievement discrepancies. It was found that: (a) educational and occupational discrepancies were more prevalent among patients than among non-patients; and (b) the magnitude of patients' discrepancies exceeded that of non-patients. This difference prevailed despite the fact that significantly more patients than non-patients perceived that their aspirations would not be realized. Finally, more patients than non-patients felt, because of their socioeconomic status, that others' evaluations were derogatory. Self-disparagement, particularly when derived from or related to discrepancies, was viewed as a condition which might lead to the assumption of the sick role.
"Myth, Mask, Shield, and Sword": Dr. John H. Marburger III's Rhetoric of Neutral Science for the Nation

This article analyzes presidential science advisor John H. Marburger III's use of an idealized vision of science in his February 14, 2005, address on science policy in the context of allegations of Bush administration science politicization. The authors contend that Marburger's speech is both a performative enactment and an active construction of a linear model of science supported by an entrepreneurial vision of science policy. Although incompatible with the actual conduct of science, this view is rhetorically advantageous for Marburger and the present administration in that it both encourages the demarcation of science from politics in ways that serve elite interests and allows for the negotiation of role tensions inherent in the science advisor position.
Additive effects of aboveground and belowground herbivores on the dominance of spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)

Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) is found in over 3 million ha of rangeland and forests across North America, and evidence supporting the use of biological control as a regional method to reduce infestations and their associated impacts remains inconclusive. Several species of insects have been reported to reduce plant densities in some areas; however, rigorous studies that test combinations of these species and the influence of resource availability are lacking. We examined the singular and combined effects of herbivory by a root weevil (Cyphocleonus achates) and a flower head weevil (Larinus minutus) on the growth and flower production of C. stoebe. We also manipulated soil resource fertility as an additional factor that could explain the outcomes of contradictory biological control herbivore effects on C. stoebe. In a greenhouse study, herbivory by C. achates decreased flower production for plants across all resource environments. In a caged common garden study, the negative effects of herbivory also did not interact with soil nutrient status. However, the presence of plant competition further decreased knapweed growth, and the negative effects of concurrent herbivory by C. achates and L. minutus on plant biomass and flower production were additive. Derived within the context of variable levels of soil nutrient availability and competing vegetation, these results support the cumulative stress hypothesis and the contention that combined above- and belowground herbivory can reduce spotted knapweed densities and reduce the ecological and economic impacts of this species in rangelands of western North America.
Protein contact printing for a surface plasmon resonance biosensor with on-chip referencing

Abstract Protein contact printing (pCP) has been applied to locally functionalize a novel wavelength-modulated single flow channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with an on-chip reference. The SPR sensor has a high refractive index dielectric tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) overlayer covering part of the gold sensing surface to generate a SPR resonance (SPR-Ta) that is spectrally-separated from the resonance of the Ta2O5-free Au resonance (SPR-Au). Thus, an on-chip reference channel is provided [Electron. Lett. 35 (1999) 1105]. This communication demonstrates that pCP can be used for functionalizing such dual-channel SPR sensors. By using pCP, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was shown to passivate the surfaces well enough to prevent non-specific protein adsorption. In contrast, the printed 2,4-dinitrophenylated BSA (DNP-BSA) was recognized specifically by anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies (α-DNP) in solution. By printing DNP-BSA and BSA onto the Au and Ta2O5 surfaces, respectively, we demonstrate that the reversible bulk refractive index changes presented in both signals can be canceled out. Therefore, a more accurate binding curve for the α-DNP/DNP interaction can be obtained by subtracting the properly scaled SPR-Ta reference signal from the SPR-Au signal. We show that pCP is a simple, efficient, and versatile method for delivering multiple proteins with sufficient surface coverage and activity onto such sensor surfaces without cross-interference to adjacent areas.
Insulin does not reduce forearm alpha-vasoreactivity in obese hypertensive or lean normotensive men.

Evidence supports the hypothesis that an impaired capacity of insulin to antagonize norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction increases alpha-adrenergic tone in overweight young men with insulin resistance and mild hypertension. Therefore, the effects of regionally infused insulin at 100 microU/mL on forearm blood flow (milliliters per deciliter per minute) and responses to norepinephrine were measured in seven obese hypertensive and eight lean normotensive men younger than 45 years old. The obese hypertensive men were hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant compared with the normotensive men, as evidenced by abnormal values for fasting insulin (15.5 +/- 1.6 versus 7.2 +/- 0.8 microU/mL, P < .001), the insulin area under the curve in response to a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (12.0 +/- 1.5 versus 6.7 +/- 1.1 mU x min/dL, P < .01), and the disappearance rate of glucose during a 15-minute insulin tolerance test (2.7 +/- 0.3 versus 4.1 +/- 0.3 mg%/min, P < .05). The logarithm of the norepinephrine EC50 was not significantly different in obese hypertensive men (mean, 95% confidence interval: -8.15, -8.42 to -7.87) versus lean normotensive men (-7.91, -8.23 to -7.59). The 2-hour regional insulin infusion at 100 microU/mL did not significantly alter the EC50 for norepinephrine in either group. Insulin at this concentration induced significant and similar increases of forearm blood flow in the hypertensive and normotensive groups (1.7 +/- 0.4 versus 1.7 +/- 0.6 mL/100 mL per minute, P = NS). At approximately 100 microU/mL, insulin does not antagonize norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in the forearm circulation of either obese hypertensive or lean normotensive men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A rapid technique to evaluate two high-affinity binding proteins in the same preparation

Abstract A modified DEAE-cellulose filtration assay was developed to estimate the capacities of two types of high-affinity progesterone-binding sites. The method was tested using a mixture containing rat corticosteroid-binding globulin and progesterone-binding protein from pregnant guinea pig plasma and by simulation. The assay has proved useful in studying the progesterone-binding proteins in uterine cytosol of the rat and other species and in following the separation of the two types of binding sites in rat uterine cytosol by ammonium sulfate fractionation or differential hydroxylapatite adsorption.
Prenatal prediction of birth process problems: Biomathematical approaches

Abstract The possibilities for prenatal prediction of birth process problems as well as for perinatal analysis of such problems are explored by means of multivariate linear regression approaches. It is shown that prediction equations of significant weight can be written for: the condition of the human infant at birth; stillbirth; and death within the first two years of infant life. Typically, intrauterine age at delivery and birth weight are significant factors and are positively correlated, whereas maternal systolic blood pressure and the total number of pregnancies are significant and negatively correlated. Since the lumped multiple correlation coefficient approaches 0.7, an important segment approaching 50% of the underlying factors has been identified.
Zinc fingers in Caenorhabditis elegans: Finding families and probing pathways

More than 3 percent of the protein sequences inferred from the Caenorhabditis elegans genome contain sequence motifs characteristic of zinc-binding structural domains, and of these more than half are believed to be sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. The distribution of these zinc-binding domains among the genomes of various organisms offers insights into the role of zinc-binding proteins in evolution. In addition, the complete genome sequence of C. elegans provides an opportunity to analyze, and perhaps predict, pathways of transcriptional regulation.
Knowledge Outcomes Within Rotational Models of Social Work Field Education

This study assessed knowledge outcomes among concurrent, concurrent/sequential, and sequential rotation models of field instruction. Posttest knowledge scores of students (n = 231) in aging-related field education were higher for students who participated in the concurrent rotation model, and for those who completed field education at a long-term care facility. Scores were also higher for students in programs that infused a higher number of geriatric competencies in their curriculum. Recommendations are provided to programs considering rotation models of field education related to older adults.
The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)

The International Temperature Scale of 1990 was adopted by the International Committee of Weights and Measures at its meeting in 1989, in accordance with the request embodied in Resolution 7 of the 18th General Conference of Weights and Measures of 1987. This scale supersedes the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968 (amended edition of 1975) and the 1976 Provisional 0.5 K to 30 K Temperature Scale.
Bicarbonate promotes dye coupling in the epithelium and endothelium of the rabbit cornea

Purpose. Examine the mechanism of bicarbonate maintenance of cell-to-cell coupling in rabbit corneal epithelium and endothelium. Methods. Carboxyfluorescein was microinjected into rabbit corneal epithelial and endothelial cells. Adjacent cells were observed for fluorescence. Bathing solutions were buffered with bicarbonate, HEPES, phosphate, or acetate-citrate. The influence of intracellular pH and transmembrane voltage (V m) were examined. Results. Bicarbonate was the only buffer to increase dye coupling. Substitution of bicarbonate structural analogs bisulfite and carbamate in a HEPES-buffered solution increased dye coupling in both cell types. Intracellular pH and V m alterations in corneal epithelial cells bathed in HEPES vs. bicarbonate buffered media had no significant effects on dye coupling. Conclusions. Bicarbonate increases intercellular communication in the corneal epithelium and endothelium. This effect appears to result from an interaction of the bicarbonate molecule (or one of its structural...