cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Chloroparaffin/PVC Phases for ATR/FT-IR Analyses

A significant limitation to the use of ATR/FT-IR analysis for aqueous solutions is the relatively high bulk concentration of analyte that is required. One approach to improving the detection of an analyte is to incorporate a thin polymeric phase at the surface of the ATR element. The purpose of the polymeric phase is to extract the analyte of interest and concentrate it within the depth of penetration of the evanescent wave. With the use of a very high molecular weight polyvinyl chloride phase, the time necessary to reach equilibrium for a 0.05% (v/v) nitrobenzene in a 1.5% (w/v) methanol/water solution was over 60 min. A study was undertaken to determine whether incorporating a chloroparaffin plasticizer into the polymeric phase would reduce the time required to reach the maximum level of absorbance achieved for the analyte. Specifically, the ability of phases which are mixtures of PVC and chloparaffin plasticizers to concentrate the analyte from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The results indicate that incorporating chloroparaffin into a PVC phase reduces the time required to reach the maximum absorbance for the analyte in an aqueous solution containing 1.5% methanol by approximately 45%. The addition of chloroparaffin also results in an increase in the magnitude of absorbance observed for the analytes investigated in this study.
Antibody catalyzed cationic cyclization

Two major goals for the design of new catalysts are the facilitation of chemical transformations and control of product outcome. An antibody has been induced that efficiently catalyzes a cationic cyclization in which an acyclic olefinic sulfonate ester substrate is converted almost exclusively (98 percent) to a cyclic alcohol. The key to the catalysis of the reaction and the restriction of the product complexity is the use of antibody binding energy to rigidly enforce a concerted mechanism in accord with the design of the hapten. Thus, the ability to direct binding energy allows the experimenter to dictate a reaction mechanism which is an otherwise difficult task in chemistry. New catalysts for cationic cyclization may be of general use in the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds leading to multi-ring molecules including steroids and heterocyclic compounds.
Epilepsy in Sports and Recreation

In the US, millions of people participate in physical activity on a regular basis. However, among the many people with epilepsy, few incorporate exercise into their daily routine. Whether it is because of parental or physician restriction, the fact remains that people with epilepsy are less fit and are not getting the exercise they need. For many years, patients with seizure disorders have been discouraged from participating in physical fitness and team sports due to the fear that it will exacerbate their seizure disorder. However, this overprotective attitude has been slowly changing in light of more recent data on this subject. The evidence shows that patients with good seizure control can participate in both contact and non-contact sports without adversely affecting seizure frequency. This article reviews the effects of exercise on seizure control among patients with epilepsy. It examines the morbidity and mortality associated with exercise, as well as its psychological and physiological effects. Various topics concerning antiepileptic drugs and exercise are also discussed.
Research Spotlight: Determining the underlying pattern of Arctic snowfall

[1] Across the Arctic terrain, more than a hundred bright orange markers dot the landscape, sticking up from the fallen snow. The fiberglass poles, standing 1.5 meters high and spaced 100 meters apart, allow Sturm and Wagner to track snow depth over their 1-square-kilometer research area in Alaska. These depth measurements may be simple, but trying to turn them into a prediction of future snowfall distribution is far more difficult. A rough estimate of the amount of snow expected in an area can be estimated from weather models, but the smaller-scale distribution of snow across the landscape is often dictated by interactions among wind, topography, and vegetation, factors that models have difficulty simulating. (Water Resources Research, doi:10.1029/ 2010WR009434, 2010)
On the need and opportunities for improving costing and cost management in healthcare organizations

Explains how activity‐based costing (ABC) can be applied to hospitals and outlines some previous research on its use and benefits. Reports a survey of US health administrators to establish their view of the cost hierarchy and uses the information in a numerical example based on a radiology department to demonstrate the differences between using traditional costing methods and allocations based on the cost hierarchies. Shows that many survey respondents were dissatisfied with their traditional costing systems and argues that the use of ABC could not only improve pricing and product mix decisions but could also enhance profitability by facilitating the management of activities and elimination of waste at all levels of the cost hierarchy, i.e. continuous improvement of processes.
Inflation and Efficiency in Search Markets

This paper examines how inflation affects efficiency and output in monopolistically competitive search markets. It formalizes the conventional wisdom linking higher inflation, price dispersion, and increased resources devoted to search. It also brings to light the induced exit of Arms, which reduces rent dissipation. But the most important effect of inflation is how it alters the distribution of real transactions prices. Whether this reduces or promotes efficiency and output is shown to depend critically on preferences and market structure, and especially on whether search costs are large or small relative to consumer surplus.
Studies on ACTH Dynamics in Cultured Adenohypophyseal Cells: Effect of Adrenalectomy or Dexamethasone in Vivo

Basal or hypothalamic extract-induced ACTH or TSH secretory capacity as well as intracellular ACTH content were assessed in cultured rat adenohypophyseal cells after various pretreatnients of the donor animals. Medium and intracellular ACTH or TSH were measured by radioimmunoassay. Tenday to 2-month adrenalectomy enhanced, whereas dexamethasone pretreatment suppressed, both synthesis and secretion of ACTH in the adenohypophyseal cells. Dexamethasone may also impair the replication of the adenohypophyseal cells in vivo, as indicated by the smaller number of cells obtained per animal in the dexamethasone-treated group. No significant increase in TSH secretion was observed when adenohypophyseal cells were derived from rats fed propyl-thiouracil (PTU) for 3 weeks instead of from intact rats. (Endocrinology 98: 717, 1976)
A logistic representation of multivariate paired-comparison models

Abstract A class of logistic models for analyzing multivariate paired-comparison experiments with and without ties is proposed. These models facilitate fitting of the Bradley-Terry-Luce model or the Davidson model to more than one response variable, and they model the association structure among the multiple response variables. Additional design-related effects, such as order effects within pairs or group treatment effects, may be tested. Parameters of the models may be expressed as linear functions of concomitant variables. The approach is exemplified by analyzing data from two consumer preference experiments.
Maximizing the lifetime of clusters with Slepian-Wolf coding

In this paper, we propose an iteration-free algorithm to find the optimal configuration, including transmit power and source coding rates, to maximize the lifetime of a cluster utilizing Slepian-Wolf source coding of data sent to a fusion center. Exact closed form solutions are derived when the fusion center is not energy constrained. When the fusion center is energy constrained, a near optimum solution is provided. Numerical results demonstrating the performance of the proposed algorithms are also provided.
Line control procedures

An exposition of the basic principles underlying data communication line control procedures is presented. Two specific line controls are then described, with special attention given to their embodiments of these principles.
When You Do Not Have a Computer: Public-Access Computing in Developing Countries

In developing countries, people who do not have computers or the Internet go to public-access computing (PAC) venues such as libraries, telecenters and Internet cafes. What is the nature, scope and impact of the services offered by these PAC venues? Funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, a mixed-methods investigation of libraries, telecenters and cybercafes in 25 developing countries around the world shows that there is a strong ecosystem of PAC venues in developing countries, and that users are shifting away from libraries in favor of commercially driven Internet cafes that provide good customer service and support to meet their information needs. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the benefits of using public-access computers indicates that while users enjoy faster and cheaper access to more sources of information, PAC venues appear to be used more for building and maintaining users' social networks, personal relations and entertainment, and less for education, health, e-government or e-commer...
Spatial Light Modulator Controlled Random Lasing in Rhodamine 6G Dye-Doped Polyurethane with Dispersed ZrO2 Nanoparticles.

Spatial light modulator controlled resonant feedback random lasing is a promising method for the authentication of tamper evident seals. We report preliminary results of random lasing in Rhodamine 6G dye-doped polyurethane with dispersed ZrO2 nanoparticles.
The information continuum : evolution of social information transfer in monkeys, apes, and hominids

The Information Continuum creates a synthetic view of the evolution of communication among primates. King contends that the crucial element in the evolution of information acquisition and transfer is the acquired ability to donate information to others.
Effects of pentachlorophenol on periphyton communities in outdoor experimental streams

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the periphyton community in outdoor experimental streams. It was part of a larger study in which an objective was to evaluate the effects of PCP at water quality criterion levels on natural aquatic communities. Measures of periphyton biomass including ash-free dry weight and phytopigments indicated a linear dose-response relationship with PCP between the criterion level (48 Μg/L) and 432 Μg/L. Slight effects were evident at the criterion level.
Gas‐liquid chromatographic determination of relative amounts of 2‐deoxy‐2‐flouro‐D‐glucose and 2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D‐mannose synthesized from various methods

A column (6 ft × 1/8 in) containing 4% SE-30 + 6% OV-210 on Chromosorb W-HP 80/100 mesh was employed to determine the relative amounts of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (2-FDG) and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose (2-FPM) synthesized using various methods. The 2-FDG synthesized from published methods contains 4–56% of 2-FDM.
Structural Analysis of the Fivefold Symmetric Surface of the Al70Pd21Mn9 Quasicrystal by Low Energy Electron Diffraction

The atomic structure of the fivefold symmetric quasicrystal surface of A${\mathrm{l}}_{70}$P${\mathrm{d}}_{21}$M${\mathrm{n}}_{9}$ was investigated by means of a dynamical low energy electron-diffraction analysis. Approximations are developed to address the high structural complexity of quasicrystals, yielding average layer-by-layer structural and compositional information. A mix of several relaxed bulklike terminations is found, consistently favoring dense Al-rich outermost atomic layers. These results can be understood in terms of principles known to govern surface structures of simpler, crystalline metals.
Effect of Blood Pressure (BP) Control in Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices (CF-LVAD) on Aortic Insufficiency (AI) and Neurologic Events

Purpose Hypertension affects CF-LVADs by increasing afterload and may increase risk of AI and stroke. The effect of BP control on these adverse events has not been well described. Methods and Materials All CF-LVADs at a single center from 5/06 to 10/11, supported > 30 days and managed with a standardized BP protocol (target mean ≤ 80 mmHg). Development of AI and cumulative incidence of neurologic events were assessed. Results There were 96 CF-LVADs with mean support of 262 days. Patient demographics: age 55 years, male 80%, white 79%, ischemic 50%, BTT 55%. Mean BP for those on no antihypertensives: 75.5 mmHg; 1 antihypertensive: 81.4 mmHg; or 2+ antihypertensives: 82.7 mmHg. There were 31 neurologic events (20 CVAs, 11 TIAs) in 23 patients: 6 patients had 2 events and 1 patient had 3 events. Neurologic event incidence was significantly higher for those on no antihypertensives (p=.035 & .005 vs. 1 medication & 2+ medications, respectively). In patients requiring antihypertensives, the number of BP medications was not significantly associated with the neurologic event rate. Prior to LVAD implant, 94% of patients had either no or mild AI. Of these, only 3% developed moderate or greater AI. [ figure 1 ] Conclusions Cumulative rate of neurologic events was higher in patients not on antihypertensives, despite having lower BP than those on therapy; however the reasons remain unclear and may relate to co-morbid conditions that impact BP. In patients needing antihypertensives, the number of BP medications was not associated with increased incidence of neurologic events. Furthermore with aggressive control and monitoring of BP there was a low rate of development of significant AI.
MO-E-T-618-04: Treatment Planning Approach for Elongated Linear Sources for Prostate Implants

Purpose: Recently pseudo and true elongated linear brachytherapy sources have become available for prostate implants. These sources were designed to eliminate the problems associated with loose seed type implants such as seed migration and embolization. However, majority of the commercially available prostate treatment planning systems are not capable to perform dose calculations with the elongated linear source types. In this project an intermediate solution for prostate treatment planning with elongated linear sources has been introduced using commercially available treatment planning systems. Method and Materials: Two new models have been introduced for calculating dose distribution around linear sources greater than 1.0 cm in length. Dose distributions around elongated linear source were obtained either by super position of 0.5 cm or 1.0 cm long source segments using line (LSS) or point (PSS) source approximation in treatment planning systems. These models have been validated by calculating dose distribution around RadioCoil™ sources using Prowess™ and VariSeed™ treatment planning systems and comparing the results with Monte Carlo Simulated data. Clinical application of these models for a multi source implant has been validated by treatment planning for a sample prostate patient. Results: Results of LSS and PSS models are found to be in good agreement with of Monte Carlo simulated data (within 4%) for the points within the active length of the source. Discrepancy is noted for the points out side the active length of the source and is under investigations. Moreover, ABS recommended parameters obtained with these models for a sample prostate patient are in good agreement to that of “seed” type implant using Pd 103 Model 200. Conclusion: These results show that the new models can easily be adapted for dose calculations with commercially available treatment planning systems for elongated linear sources. These models provide an intermediate solution for the treatment planning with elongated sources.
Course Difficulty and Student Rating of Teaching

(1974). Course Difficulty and Student Rating of Teaching. Improving College and University Teaching: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 18-20.
Integration of posture and movement: Contributions of Sherrington, Hess, and Bernstein

Neural mechanisms that integrate posture with movement are widespread throughout the central nervous system (CNS), and they are recruited in patterns that are both task- and context-dependent. Scientists from several countries who were born in the 19th century provided essential groundwork for these modern-day concepts. Here, the focus is on three of this group with each selected for a somewhat different reason. Charles Sherrington (1857-1952) had innumerable contributions that were certainly needed in the subsequent study of posture and movement: inhibition as an active coordinative mechanism, the functional anatomy of spinal cord-muscle connectivity, and helping set the stage for modern work on the sensorimotor cortex and the corticospinal tract. Sadly, however, by not championing the work of his trainee and collaborator, Thomas Graham Brown (1882-1965), he delayed progress on two key motor control mechanisms: central programming and pattern generation. Walter Hess (1881-1973), a self-taught experimentalist, is now best known for his work on CNS coordination of autonomic (visceral) and emotional behavior. His contributions to posture and movement, however, were also far-reaching: the coordination of eye movements and integration of goal-directed and "framework" (anticipatory set) motor behavior. Nikolai Bernstein (1896-1966), the quintessence of an interdisciplinary, self-taught movement neuroscientist, made far-reaching contributions that were barely recognized by Western workers prior to the 1960s. Today, he is widely praised for showing that the CNS's hierarchy of control mechanisms for posture and movement is organized hand-in-hand with distributed and parallel processing, with all three subject to evolutionary pressures. He also made important observations, like those of several previous workers, on the goal focus of voluntary movements. The contributions of Sherrington, Hess, and Bernstein are enduring. They prompt thought on the philosophical axioms that appear to have driven their research, and the continual need for emphasis on interdisciplinary, comparative, and transnational approaches to advance movement neuroscience.
Effect of Particle Size on Magnitude and Location of Maximum Erosion in S-Bend

Solid particle erosion is a micromechanical process that is influenced by flow geometry, material of the impacting surface, impact angle, particle size and shape, particle velocity, flow condition and fluid properties. Among the various factors, particle size and velocity have been considered to be the most important parameters that cause erosion. Particle size and velocity are influenced by surrounding flow velocities and carrying fluid properties. Higher erosion rates have been observed in gas-solid flow in geometries where the flow direction changes rapidly, such as elbows, tees, valves, etc., due to local turbulence and unsteady flow behaviors. S-bend geometry is widely used in different fluid handling applications such as automotive, oil and gas, arteries and blood vessels. This paper presents the results of a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation of diluted gas-solid and liquid-solid flows through an S-Bend and the dynamic behavior of entrained solid particles in the flow. CFD analyses were performed at five different particle sizes ranging between 50 and 300 microns. Maximum erosive wear was observed at smaller particle sizes and compared to the larger sizes. The location of maximum erosion was at different locations in the first bend as compared to the second bend.© 2014 ASME
Child Support Enforcement and Father Involvement for Children in Never-Married Mother Families

This paper uses the 1988-1998 waves of the Current Population Survey—Child Support Supplement to track trends in father involvement for children in never-married families and to examine whether state child support enforcement affects their levels of involvement. Father involvement is measured by child support payments and visitation. The results indicate that father involvement for children in never-married mother families increased substantially over the 10-year period investigated and that effective child support enforcement significantly increased not only child support payment but also visitation for children in never-married mother families.
Intermating of potato haploids and spontaneous sexual polyploidization—Effects on heterozygosity

Solanum tuberosum Group Tuberosum haploids (2n = 2x = 24) were inter-mated using bulk pollen. Nearly half of the resulting progeny were tetraploid, arising from bilateral sexual polyploidization. Subsequent yield trials indicated that the diploid progeny did not yield significantly more than the original haploids, but the tetraploid progeny did yield significantly more than their diploid sibs and the original haploids. Tetraploid cultivars and conventional tetraploid breeding families significantly out-yielded the haploid-derived tetraploids. These results and the theoretical considerations which are presented indicate that inter-mating haploidsper se does not increase heterozygosity. More importantly, these results indicate that without the introduction of new germplasm, haploidization followed by repolyploidization can only be expected to result in tetraploids with heterozygosity equal to or below that of their parents.
Signal-to-noise ratio for cross-sensor fusion approach

We determined the signal-to-noise ratios for an image fusion approach that is suitable for application to systems with disparate sensors. We found there was reconstruction error present when the forward and reverse transforms for image fusion give perfect reconstruction.
The nanostructured Origami 3D fabrication and assembly process for nanopatterned 3D structures

Nanostructured Origami 3D Fabrication and Assembly Process is a method of manufacturing 3D nanostructured devices using exclusively 2D micro- and nanofabrication techniques. The origami approach consists of first patterning a large 2D membrane and then folding the membrane along predefined regions to obtain the final 3D configuration. We report on the materials, actuation, and modeling aspects of building an origami structure. Experimental results from fabricated devices as well as future applications of the technique are also presented.
Does a Turned-Off Light Bulb Lose its Potential to Glow?

Counselors can help discouraged people regain their sense of strength and potential to cope with their problems. Various techniques for doing this are described.
The molecular genetics of color vision and color blindness

Abstract Recent reports from several laboratories have changed our thinking about the molecular genetics of normal color vision and color blindness. The impact of these new findings can be best appreciated by examining them in the context of the historical development of color vision theory.
Initial and final state interactions in J/ψ production

Abstract The systematics of J/ψ suppression in 200 A GeV O + U and S + U reported by NA 38 are interpreted as consequences of initial-state parton scattering and final-state inelastic scattering with comoving secondary particles.
Growth of Ultrafine Particles Through a Minichannel With Capillary Structure

The development of personal monitoring devices with the size of a human palm so that people can carry or wear with them has been of importance over a decade. Many small apparatuses to be able to detect the chemical and biological agent have been developed and commercialized, but the portable and wearable device to detect small particles, especially with the size of nanometer has not been developed yet up to our knowledge. In the present work, a new miniature device which is small enough for the application to a personal ultrafine particle monitoring sensor is described. The enlargement of particle size through heterogeneous condensational growth is used for the whole system. And, for miniaturization, microscale multiphase fluid control and microstructured surface modification technologies are employed. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed device, the condensational growth of ultrafine aerosol particles in a minichannel made of capillary structure was investigated through a laser sheet visualization technique. The main body of the device was constructed by cutting a commercially produced capillary structure. The physical dimension of the developed device is less than 1/10 of the smallest design commercially available. The polydisperse aerosol particles with the mean diameter of 20nm and concentration of more than 60,000 particles/cc and purified water as condensing fluid were used for test. The image of condensed droplets grown by the device was compared with those of standard size PSL particles. The experimental results show that the entered ultrafine particles successfully grew to micron size droplets through the developed condensation chamber and then could be counted with the optical detection system. Furthermore, the counting efficiency and the change of average size of condensed droplets were also investigated with the operating condition.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The reduction of triphenyltetrazolium by hypertrophied tissues

Abstract Hypertrophy of the myocardium, adrenal gland and thyroid gland was induced in adult male and female albino rats. Tetrazolium reductase levels of the hypertrophied tissues were determined by means of the triphenyltetrazolium technique. Control and experimental organ weights were measured to quantitate increases in tissue mass. No significant change occurred in the endogenous levels of dehydrogenase in cardiac or adrenal gland tissue, when work hypertrophy was induced in those tissues. Increased gland weight or increased gland work in the case of the thyroid gland was found to be associated with increases in tetrazolium reductase levels which were significantly elevated above control levels. In cardiac tissue slices from bilaterally thryroidectomized animals significant reductions in endogenous dehydrogenase levels were observed. The implications of these observations are discussed.
Detection of thin cirrus from 1.38 μm/0.65 μm reflectance ratio combined with 8.6–11 μm brightness temperature difference

[1] We developed a new detection scheme for the identification of thin cirrus based on a combination of the 1.38 μm and 0.65 μm reflectance ratio and 8.6–11 μm brightness temperature difference. Results computed from a radiative transfer model as well as data obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite were used to demonstrate the applicability of this method for regional mapping of thin cirrus. The mm-wave radar backscatter data, coincident and collocated with MODIS data, available from the DOE's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites, was employed for validation of the present satellite detection results. In all cases selected, our new method was able to detect the majority of thin cirrus estimated to have optical thickness between 0.1 and 0.9. It also compared favorably to existing detection tests.
Goldstein v. Securities andExchange Commission

I.Abstract 111 II.Introduction 113 A. Background: the Development of Hedge Funds and Relevant Securities’ Laws 115 B. The Move to Strengthen Oversight of Hedge Funds 118 C. The Dissent to the Hedge Fund Rule 119 D. Development of the Law: . Interpretations of the Term “Client” in Securities Law 120 III.Analysis 122 A. Outline of the Arguments in Goldstein 122 B. The SEC’s Argument 124 C. Analysis of the Arguments 126 1. The SEC’s Argument 126 2. Goldstein’s Argument 128 3. Impact of the Decision 129 IV.Recommendations and Conclusions 130 A. Recent Developments 134
Semiempirical calculations of hyperpolarizabilities for extended π systems : polyenes, polyynes, and polyphenyls

The dipole moments (μ), polarizabilities (α), hyperpolarizabilities (β), and second-order hyperpolarizabilities (γ) of polyenes, polyynes, and polyphenyls have been calculated by a finitefield method with the PM-3 parameterization of the semiempirical MNDO Hamiltonian at the optimum geometries. These results were compared to experimental values obtained from EFISH and THG measurements. The calculations reproduce the magnitudes of β and γ, as well as the effect of the substituents and the effect of bond alternation on β and γ. The coefficients of the power law, which describes the dependence of β and γ on the number of π centers, were calculated. For β, exponents of 1.5–2.2 and 0.03–0.04 were obtained for polyenes and polyynes, respectively, and for γ, exponents of 3.9–4.9, 2.9–3.3, and 2.5–2.7 were obtained for polyenes, polyynes, and polyphenyls, respectively. These results confirm the efficiency of enhancing γ by insertion of C = C double bonds into a chain. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Counterexample in Galois Theory.

in the theorem is J = (b) = {b, ab, ba, aba,O}. The machine M1 in FIGURE 6 has semigroup S(M1) = (1, a,O} Z2 U {O} which is a group with zero, the machine M2 has semigroup S(M2) = Jl (the semigroup J with identity adjoined) where J contains no units, and M1 ED M2 covers M. Note that the semigroups of M1 and M2 are simpler than the semigroup of M, even though the diagrams are a bit more complicated.
The structure and stability of trypsin-resistant segments from rabbit tropomyosin.

Abstract Tropomyosin was found to undergo only limited digestion by trypsin at 0 °C and the two segments that accumulated amounted to two-thirds of the original protein. They are referred to as segments A and B. These segments were not resistant to trypsin digestion at 20 °C and at the latter temperature no large fragments remained as judged by disc gel electrophoresis. Segments A and B were separated from each other on the basis of solubility differences and were found to have molecular weights of 24 600 and 21 900 respectively. Each of the segments appeared to retain about 70–75% of the helical conformation as judged by circular dichroism at 20 °C. However, the segments did not show any of the inhibitory activity of the parent tropomyosin molecule when mixed with troponin in the Mg2+-actomyosin ATPase system. Amino acid analysis showed that the portion of tropomyosin that was digested by trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) had a lower content of the helix stabilizing residues Glu and Leu and a higher content of the helix-destabilizing residues Arg and Lys. These differences indicate that the digested portion should be less stable in the helical conformation than the two trypsin-resistant segments. End group determinations along with the results of the amino acid analysis indicated that segment A was probably derived from the central one-third of tropomyosin and segment B from the C-terminal one-third. By the process of elimination the N-terminal third appears to have been the more labile region that was digested by trypsin. The segments A and B were shown to differ in their stability to denaturation by guanidine·HCl and elevated temperature. All of these observations indicate that tropomyosin is not a uniform structure and is composed of regions of different stability.
Phenylbenzimidazole-Based New Bipolar Host Materials for Efficient Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Two new bipolar host materials based on a 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBI) core with the carbazole and diphenylamine groups were designed, synthesized, and applied in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The DFT calculations indicated desirable distribution of HOMO and LUMO densities, suggesting potential for bipolar charge transport. In addition, the electrochemical and phosphorescence studies revealed that neither the LUMO level nor the triplet energies differ significantly from the parent TPBI suggesting that the new materials would be suitable as hosts capable of both electron and hole transport and suitable for harvesting green electrophosphorescence. As a result of broader charge recombination zone resulting from the bipolar properties of new hosts, the devices with a simple architecture achieved significantly better current efficiencies of 48 and 60 cd/A (the power efficiencies of 46 and 70 lm/W), compared with a device using conventional TPBI host (19 cd/A; 21...
Ion exchange behaviour of the actinide elements in hydrochloric acid

Abstract In an effort to confirm the earlier explanation for the elution pattern seen in this system, a greater range of actinide elements has been studied in several different batches of Dowex-50. Our results indicate that there is insufficient data at present to accept the earlier explanation as any more probable than several other possible suggestions.
Temperature induced effects in the coadsorption system: CO/D2/Ni(100)☆

Abstract The temperature dependent changes in the CO/D/Ni(100) system have been examined using thermal desorption spectroscopy, work function change measurements, ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Three forms of CO(a) have been found, one of which exists only in the intermediate temperature range of 130–215 K. This form is believed to be a CO(a) tilted with respect to the surface normal, with significant ONi interaction. In addition, a new interpretation of several UPS parameters measured for CO(a) is presented. It is proposed that for CO(a), the 5σ−1π separation is a probe of bonding geometry, the 4σ−1π separation reflects COCO repulsion, and the 4σ 5σ intensity ratio reflects the NiCO bond strength.
Cubic graphs with crossing number two

It is proved that every cubic graph with crossing number at least two contains a subdivision of one of eight graphs.
A microcomputer controlled snow ski binding system--I. Instrumentation and field evaluation

This paper presents the design and field evaluation of the first microcomputer controlled ski binding system. This system incorporates an Intel 8086 microcomputer controller and an integral binding/dynamometer. This instrumentation system not only undertakes real timecontrol, but also it records dynamometer data via a miniature digital cassette tape recorder. The integral binding/dynamometer ofTers the same operational and mounting convenience ofcommercially available mechanical bindings. The binding may be released either manually or electrically via the controller. Comprised of four octagonal half stram rings, the strain gage dynamometer measures the three moment load components at the boot. To enable the user to conveniently operate the computer, extensive operating software was developed. The operating software isdiscussed in relation to both the acquisition and storage ofdata from the dynamometer and the control of the electro-mechanical snow ski binding. The binding system has been used successfully lo both record boot moment components and control ski binding release during actual skiing maneuvers. Moment histories typical of three common recreational skiing maneuvers are presented.
Managing Diversity in a Technical Environment

ABSTRACTA landmark study completed by a public policy research organization concluded that American technical businesses can expect a heterogeneous labor force in the future. To maximize productivity, it is crucial that managers tap the potential of all employees, no matter how diverse employee backgrounds might be. A major change in attitudes and behaviors is necessary so that no employee may be limited by the barriers of organizational structure, whether formal or informal. This article recognizes some of the companies that are pioneers in their efforts toward diversity education, and presents a model approach for planning diversity in a technical environment. The model approach was developed by the author by careful review of current diversity programs in the literature.
The invasive freshwater macrophyte Utricularia inflata (inflated bladderwort) dominates Adirondack Mountain lake sites1

Abstract Field sampling along line transects in Raquette Lake, the largest natural lake in the Adirondack Mountains, enabled comparison of the flora encountered in 1983 with that recorded in a 1933 survey, and documentation of quantitative vegetation change between 1983 and 1999/2000. More than 30 submersed and floating-leaved macrophyte species were found in 1933 and 1983, a relatively high species richness for a lake. Nine species not seen in 1933 were found in 1983, and an additional two species by 2000, indicating considerable species turnover. The most important species at two sites in 1983 declined sharply by the end of the century, while the inflated bladderwort (Utricularia inflata) rose from not being present to become the most frequent species at both sites. This bladderwort, only recently reported north of New Jersey and only at sites more than 250 km distant from Raquette Lake, may have contributed to the decline of other species. Utricularia inflata appears to be expanding its range rapidly: ...
Accumulation of Biomass and Mineral Elements with Calendar Time by Cotton: Application of the Expanded Growth Model

The expanded growth model is developed to describe accumulation of plant biomass (Mg ha−1) and mineral elements (kg ha−1) in with calendar time (wk). Accumulation of plant biomass with calendar time occurs as a result of photosynthesis for green land-based plants. A corresponding accumulation of mineral elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium occurs from the soil through plant roots. In this analysis, the expanded growth model is tested against high quality, published data on corn (Zea mays L.) growth. Data from a field study in South Carolina was used to evaluate the application of the model, where the planting time of April 2 in the field study maximized the capture of solar energy for biomass production. The growth model predicts a simple linear relationship between biomass yield and the growth quantifier, which is confirmed with the data. The growth quantifier incorporates the unit processes of distribution of solar energy which drives biomass accumulation by photosynthesis, partitioning of biomass between light-gathering and structural components of the plants, and an aging function. A hyperbolic relationship between plant nutrient uptake and biomass yield is assumed, and is confirmed for the mineral elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). It is concluded that the rate limiting process in the system is biomass accumulation by photosynthesis and that nutrient accumulation occurs in virtual equilibrium with biomass accumulation.
Ontology-guided extraction of structured information from unstructured text: Identifying and capturing complex relationships

Many applications call for methods to enable automatic extraction of structured information from unstructured natural language text. Due to the inherent challenges of natural language processing, most of the existing methods for information extraction from text tend to be domain specific. This thesis explores a modular ontology-based approach to information extraction that decouples domain-specific knowledge from the rules used for information extraction. Specifically, the thesis describes: 1. A framework for ontology-driven extraction of a subset of nested complex relationships (e.g., Joe reports that Jim is a reliable employee) from free text. The extracted relationships are semantically represented in the form of RDF (resource description framework) graphs, which can be stored in RDF knowledge bases and queried using query languages for RDF. 2. An open source implementation of SEMANTIXS, a system for ontology-guided extraction and semantic representation of structured information from unstructured text. 3. Results of experiments that offer some evidence of the utility of the proposed ontologybased approach to extract complex relationships from text.
Study strategies of college students: Are self-testing and scheduling related to achievement?

Previous studies, such as those by Kornell and Bjork (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14:219-224, 2007) and Karpicke, Butler, and Roediger (Memory, 17:471-479, 2009), have surveyed college students' use of various study strategies, including self-testing and rereading. These studies have documented that some students do use self-testing (but largely for monitoring memory) and rereading, but the researchers did not assess whether individual differences in strategy use were related to student achievement. Thus, we surveyed 324 undergraduates about their study habits as well as their college grade point average (GPA). Importantly, the survey included questions about self-testing, scheduling one's study, and a checklist of strategies commonly used by students or recommended by cognitive research. Use of self-testing and rereading were both positively associated with GPA. Scheduling of study time was also an important factor: Low performers were more likely to engage in late-night studying than were high performers; massing (vs. spacing) of study was associated with the use of fewer study strategies overall; and all students-but especially low performers-were driven by impending deadlines. Thus, self-testing, rereading, and scheduling of study play important roles in real-world student achievement.
Fertility of bull semen with added amylase.

Abstract Alpha- or β -amylase was added to yolk-citrate-glycerol semen extender to determine effects on sperm motility and fertility. Motility trials revealed no harmful effect of either type of amylase at levels of 1 or 10 μ g per ml during storage at 5C for one week. Nor did β -amylase, at similar concentrations, depress motility during post-thawing storage at 5C for three days. Consequently, 200 ejacula from 31 bulls were used to determine fertility of sperm with 0, 1, or 10 μ g of α - or β -amylase per milliliter of semen extender. Other than addition of amylase, semen was processed, frozen (−195C) and used according to routine procedures. The 60- to 90-day nonreturn percentages and numbers of first services (in parentheses) were 68.1 (4,294), 69.0 (3,807), 72.1 (4,770), 71.1 (4,684) and 70.7 (4,336) for control, 1 μ g α -amylase, 10 μ g α -amylase, 1 μ g β -amylase, and 10 μ g β -amylase, respectively. Average fertility for semen with amylase (70.7%) was significantly greater than that for controls (P ≃ 0.04). The high level of α -amylase resulted in higher fertility than the low level (P ≃ 0.06), but no such difference was apparent between the two levels of β -amylase. The results suggest that amylase may have affected sperm capacitation or that amylase may beneficially influence substrate availability for sperm metabolism.
THE NATURE OF GARNIERITES--III THERMAL TRANSFORMATIONS

Serpentine- and talc-like gamierites described in Parts I and II were heated at various temperatures up to about 1000~ and after each treatment were cooled and examined by X-ray powder diffraction. The serpentine-like garnierites at about 550~ the temperature at which rapid dehydroxy- lation begins, formed a highly disordered phase. When the NiO content was low (approximately < 20 wt%), the disordered phase transformed directly to an olivine phase around 800~ but when the NiO content was higher, various transitional phases were formed before an olivine phase appeared around 1000~ A sepiolite-like phase was obtained with one sample around 800~ and several samples showed face-centered cubic modifications between 900 and 1000~ The talc-like garnierites with low NiO content formed an enstatite phase around 800~ directly following the dehydroxylation reaction, but with high NiO contents an olivine phase became increas- ingly prominent between 850 and 1000~ Identification of the mixed crystallizations possibly existing in the initial minerals is scarcely feasible on the basis of the products formed up to 1000~
Asynchronous Broadcast-Based Convex Optimization Over a Network

We consider a distributed multi-agent network system where each agent has its own convex objective function, which can be evaluated with stochastic errors. The problem consists of minimizing the sum of the agent functions over a commonly known constraint set, but without a central coordinator and without agents sharing the explicit form of their objectives. We propose an asynchronous broadcast-based algorithm where the communications over the network are subject to random link failures. We investigate the convergence properties of the algorithm for a diminishing (random) stepsize and a constant stepsize, where each agent chooses its own stepsize independently of the other agents. Under some standard conditions on the gradient errors, we establish almost sure convergence of the method to an optimal point for diminishing stepsize. For constant stepsize, we establish some error bounds on the expected distance from the optimal point and the expected function value. We also provide numerical results.
Dynamic verification of Multicore Communication applications in MCAPI

We present a dynamic direct code verification tool called MCC (MCAPI Checker) for applications written in the newly proposed Multicore Communications API (MCAPI). MCAPI provides both message passing and threading constructs, making the concurrent programming involved in MCAPI application development a non-trivial challenge. MCC intercepts MCAPI calls issued by user applications. Then, using a verification scheduler, MCC orchestrates a dependency directed replay of all relevant thread interleavings. This paper presents the technical challenges in handling MCC's non-blocking constructs. This is the first dynamic model checker for MCAPI applications, and as such our work provides designers the opportunity to use a formal design tool in verifying MCAPI applications and evaluating MCAPI itself in the formative stages of MCAPI.
Performance of field-induced directional coupler switches

Switching in a GaAs field-induced, three-waveguide straight directional coupler is studied theoretically. This device can be tuned externally by changing the voltage across the waveguides. Because of this tunability, the device has some very attractive features as a switching element. The performance change due to variations in the device parameters such as length, waveguide separation, waveguide width, and wavelength of operation is numerically computed. The effect of material absorption, input and output coupling, and asymmetric excitation are included in the performance evaluation. For a device length of 1400 /spl mu/m, a crosstalk of -34 dB and a power transfer efficiency of -2 dB is predicted, while for the same device size a two-guide directional coupler is predicted a crosstalk of -13.4 dB. The device has a 400 nm voltage tunable bandwidth with a maximum crosstalk penalty of 3 dB. >