cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Cross-National Examination of the Techniques of Neutralization to Account for Hacking Behaviors

AbstractThe global spread of technology and the Internet has produced unique threats that previously did not exist, such as computer hacking and the spread of malicious software to compromise computer systems. These acts have considerable economic and social consequences, leading them to be criminalized in most countries. Recent research with U.S. college samples have found that peer behavior and attitudes supportive of offending are correlated with involvement in hacking. Few have considered these relationships in a cross-national context, particularly with respect to the creation of malicious software. This study addresses these limitations through an examination of college students across three regions: the United States, Taiwan, and South Africa (N = 1,065). The findings from this study demonstrate differences in the neutralizations and definitions associated with both hacking and malware use as well as regional influences on offending. The implications of this study for research on the techniques of ...
An endogenous ATP-sensitive glutathione S-conjugate efflux mechanism in Xenopus laevis oocytes

Constitutive efflux mechanisms for reduced glutathione (GSH) and the glutathione S-conjugates S-ethylglutathione (ethyl-SG) and S-(2,4-dinitrophenol)-glutathione (DNP-SG) were examined in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Oocytes were loaded by either microinjection with 50 nl of the 3H-labeled compounds or were exposed to unlabeled 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and efflux of DNP-SG synthesized within the oocytes measured spectrophotometrically. Efflux of unlabeled DNP-SG (approximately 1.2 mM intracellular concentration) and microinjected 0.5 mM [3H]DNP-SG was a linear function of time, with approximately 20% released in 3 h at 25 degrees C. [3H] ethyl-SG, 0.5 mM, was released at a comparable rate, whereas only 4% of a tracer dose of [3H]GSH (2.5 mM intracellular GSH) was released in 3 h. Efflux of all three compounds was temperature sensitive and inhibited after ATP depletion but unaffected when Na+ in the culture medium was replaced with K+ or when the pH was changed from 7.5 to either 6.8 or 8.0. Efflux was saturable, with apparent Michaelis constant values of 0.91 +/- 0.19, 0.44 +/- 0.25, and 5.3 +/- 2.2 mM for DNP-SG, ethyl-SG, and GSH, respectively. Bilirubin ditaurate, 0.5 mM, cis-inhibited efflux of 0.5 mM [3H]DNP-SG, 0.5 mM [3H]ethyl-SG, and 2.5 mM [3H]GSH. DNP-SG and ethyl-SG efflux was also cis-inhibited by other glutathione S-conjugates, 0.25 mM 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, 0.5 mM sulfobromophthalein, and 0.5 mM dibromosulfophthalin, but not by 0.25 mM taurocholate. [3H]GSH release (2.5 mM) was unaffected by these compounds or by 10 mM extracellular GSH or methionine. These findings indicate that Xenopus oocytes have an endogenous ATP-sensitive mechanism for extruding glutathione S-conjugates, with properties comparable to ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate/organic anion transport systems described in a variety of cell types. However, in contrast to mammalian cells, GSH and ethyl-SG release from Xenopus oocytes was also inactivated after cellular ATP depletion but was not sensitive to membrane depolarization in high-K+ medium or trans-stimulated by extracellular GSH, indicating that efflux of these organic anions from Xenopus laevis oocytes is also mediated by an ATP-sensitive mechanism.
Abstract TP365: Think Big: Weekly Stroke Education for Registered Nurses on the Stroke Unit

Background: Nurses play a pivotal role in all phases of care of the stroke patient. Stroke Nurses have responded to the challenge of making stroke systems of care a reality in recent years. We want...
Computationally efficient determination of hydrogen isotope effects on the thermodynamic stability of metal hydrides

Although the thermodynamics of metal hydrides at low to moderate temperatures has been successfully described with density functional theory (DFT) calculations using 0 K total energies and simple harmonic models, it is unclear if this approach is valid for hydrides that are stable at high temperatures. To aid development of computationally efficient methods, this paper uses DFT to explore the predicted stabilities of ZrH${}_{2}$, HfH${}_{2}$, TiH${}_{2}$, LiH${}_{,}$ and NaH with four levels of theory. We also investigate isotope effects to understand if these should be accounted for in screening of deuterated or tritiated materials. We show that calculations that account for vibrational corrections to the crystal lattice are not necessary to get an accurate description of relative stabilities of metal hydrides. The shifts in dissociation temperatures due to isotope substitutions are 50 K for all materials, with larger shifts for lighter materials, as expected. We show that accounting for vibrational effects due to isotope substitution in metal hydrides is unnecessary to accurately predict the relative stabilities of metal hydrides at high temperatures.
A New Feature Extraction Method of Cold Steel Strip Typical Surface Defects

Aiming at the characteristic in feature extraction of cold steel strip surface defect images,a mixed feature extraction method of separable criterion based on class distance is proposed.The method is based on wavelet transform L1 norm feature and secondary statistic feature of gray level co-occurrence matrix,extracts the separable feature vector according to the separable criterion theory based on class distance.Experimental investigations are carried out on computer aiming at several typical defects which are serious and excessive at the locale,the results show that the mixed feature extraction method of separable criterion based on class distance can get the more separable feature vectors,increase validity of classification of feature greatly,and get a higher correct recognition rate of defects.
Extended lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer: a ten year′s experience

Objective To study the operative morbidity and mortality and prognostic benefit of extended lymphadenectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer Methods Between January 1989 and January 1999, 782 patients with primary gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy with different extent of lymphadenectomy in our hospital were followed up in terms of operative morbidity and mortality and prognostic benefit Results As the whole group the morbidity and mortality rates were 11 6% and 4 1%, respectively Morbidity and mortality rates in D 0/D 1、 D 2 and D 3/D + 3 lymph node dissection were 9 4%、 10 8%、 14 5% ( P 0 05) and 4 3%、 3 0%、 4 6% ( P 0 05), respectively The 5 year survival rate was 38 7%( n =750) The 5 year survival rate of patients undergoing radical resection A and B ( n =561) was 49 9%, that of palliative resection was 5 3% The 5 year survival rate of D 0/D 1、D 2 and D 3/D + 3 lymph node dissection were 30 4% ( n =286), 59 9%( n =197) and 31 8%( n =267), respectively Of stage Ⅲ patients, the 5 year survival rate of D 2 and D 3/D + 3 lymph node dissection were 42 3% ( n =52), and 59 2% ( n =98), respectively ( P 0 05) Conclusion Extended lymphadenectomy could be performed safely, extended lymphadenectomy might provide a survival benefit for patients with gastric cancer, especially in stage Ⅲ
On the Theoretical Premise of the Mechanism of Alien Culture Acceptance in Translation

One of the fundamental reasons of the possibility of translation is du e to the inborn covert“culture-acceptance mechanism" which is in operation on t he basis of“meta-culture", i.e. the transformation of the form as well as the m eaning of a text is conveyed by so-called meta-culture, which means the similari ty of various cultures.
A late antique ceramic workshop complex: evidence for workshop organisation at Sagalassos (southwest Turkey)

Sites of ceramic production have been discovered throughout the area that was once the Roman Empire; as a result, it is becoming increasingly clear that this industry was, in the Roman and late antique worlds, organised in numerous ways. In consideration of the organisational diversity in ceramic production attested during the period, this article presents some of the findings from the excavations of a late antique complex of ceramic workshops at the site of Sagalassos in order to consider archaeological evidence in terms of, not only the organisation of the manufacturing process, but also structures of workshop decision-making. Several lines of archaeological evidence are outlined, and argue for a model of independent work units integrated into a larger organisational structure of decision-making, and possibly even ownership, across the complex. In addition, the motivation to invest in a multi-workshop complex during the late antique period at Sagalassos is contextualised within the wider history of local and regional economic development.
Self-reported memory of medication use by the elderly

Correlates of self-reported memory for adherence to prescription drug regimens in noninstitutionalized elderly persons were studied. Independently living persons at least 55 years of age participated in a "brown-bag" medication review. A structured interview consisting of background questions and medication-related questions was conducted. Included in the interview were questions about general memory and questions about memory specifically related to medication use. Also asked were questions about demographic variables, the number of drugs being taken, the number of limitations on functional health and ability for self-care, the number of medical problems, and level of mental depression. A total of 105 persons (mean +/- S.D. age, 81 +/- 9 years) were interviewed. Overall, the subjects rated themselves higher for medication-specific memory than for general memory. Global ratings of success in remembering to take medications as directed were moderately correlated (r = 0.44) with subjects' concerns about the seriousness of their general problems with memory. Level of depression was the best predictor (adjusted R2 = 0.18) of self-rated success in remembering to take medications. However, when the subjects were asked specifically about the frequency with which they "got off truck," age was the best predictor of problems (adjusted R2 = 0.14). Most of the subjects reported using strategies for remembering that were based on external cues, such as bedtime and meals. There was no association, though, between the presence or type of such a strategy and self-reported success in medication adherence. Most independently living elderly persons believed they were remembering to take their medications as directed and described strategies for doing so.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Continuing Emergence of Art Therapy in Prisons

While it is clear that prison populations require mental health attention, there are some fundamental difficulties with providing care to those that cannot or should not admit to weaknesses and vulnerabilities or may even lie for their own benefits and gains. However, research has revealed that art therapy may be an effective approach for addressing mental health issues in correctional settings. This chapter presents the difficulties of providing mental health care to inmates, a short overview of tarts in American prison, and recent theories on the advantages of art therapy in prison. It will also provide recent empirical research that has determined that indeed art therapy is effective in addressing issues pervasive with the prison population, particularly depression, locus of control and problem-solving skills. Such results have naturally led to various art- programs as introduced at the end of this chapter.
Analysis techniques for diagnosing runaway ion distributions in the reversed field pinch

An advanced neutral particle analyzer (ANPA) on the Madison Symmetric Torus measures deuterium ions of energy ranges 8-45 keV with an energy resolution of 2-4 keV and time resolution of 10 μs. Three different experimental configurations measure distinct portions of the naturally occurring fast ion distributions: fast ions moving parallel, anti-parallel, or perpendicular to the plasma current. On a radial-facing port, fast ions moving perpendicular to the current have the necessary pitch to be measured by the ANPA. With the diagnostic positioned on a tangent line through the plasma core, a chord integration over fast ion density, background neutral density, and local appropriate pitch defines the measured sample. The plasma current can be reversed to measure anti-parallel fast ions in the same configuration. Comparisons of energy distributions for the three configurations show an anisotropic fast ion distribution favoring high pitch ions.
Proliferation centers in bone marrows involved by chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: a clinicopathologic analysis

Abstract Objectives Proliferation centers (PCs) are a characteristic finding in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) lymph nodes, and their presence and extent in this site are not currently felt to be related to clinical course. In contrast, detailed clinicopathologic analyses of bone marrow (BM) PCs have not been previously reported. Methods The PCs in 88 CLL/SLL BMs from 45 patients (pts) were graded (0-4) and were correlated with other morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and laboratory features. Results Proliferation centers were present in 69 BMs (78%) from 32 pts (71%) and were distinct/prominent (grades 2-4) in 21 pts (47%), with the latter more commonly found in follow-up BMs (1/7 diagnostic BMs vs 49/81 follow-up BMs; P = .04). When present, PCs were most commonly graded as distinct nodules easily visible on ×10. No relationships were identified between PCs and any complete blood count parameter, serum lactate dehydrogenase or IgG levels, degree or pattern of BM involvement, blood morphology, CD38 and FMC7 expression by flow cytometry, or fluorescence in situ hybridization results, when the first encountered BM was considered for each patient. Conclusions This represents the first detailed analysis of PCs in CLL/SLL BMs. In our tertiary center, PCs were seen frequently, in approximately three-fourths of cases. There were no statistical associations identified between PCs and cytogenetic, immunophenotypic, or other laboratory and morphologic findings.
High voltage photodetector calibration for improved timing resolution with scintillation detectors for TOF-PET imaging

The development of scintillators, photodetectors and electronics with excellent timing properties has made possible bench-top time-of-flight (TOF) measurements with sub 200 ps coincident timing resolution. In a light sharing configuration, losses in light collection result in degraded detector timing resolution. Photodetector uniformity in a light sharing configuration between many detectors is a significant limiting factor in the achievement of similar whole detector timing resolution. Furthermore, it is noticed that low gain photomultiplier tubes (PMT) have poorer timing resolution, but timing resolution improves as gain is increased. We implement a method of individually programming the photocathode and dynode bias voltages of a detector of Photonis XP20D0 PMTs. High voltage calibration of photodetectors will achieve better signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) than variable-gain-amplifiers (VGA) or delay circuits in the signal path that introduce new sources of noise. Independent control of both the photocathode and dynode voltages allows for nearly orthogonal changes to the gain and transit time. By adjusting the lowest energy PMTs to higher gains, we also improve the intrinsic timing performance of those tubes thereby further improving system timing resolution.
The Effects of Mother Participation in Relationship Education on Coparenting, Parenting, and Child Social Competence: Modeling Spillover Effects for Low-Income Minority Preschool Children.

Although suggestions are that benefits of relationship and marriage education (RME) participation extend from the interparental relationship with parenting and child outcomes, few evaluation studies of RME test these assumptions and the relationship among changes in these areas. This quasi-experimental study focuses on a parallel process growth model that tests a spillover hypothesis of program effects and finds, in a sample of low-income minority mothers with a child attending a Head Start program, that increases in mother reports of coparenting agreement for RME participants predict decreases in their reports of punitive parenting behaviors. Although improvements in parenting behaviors did not predict increases in teacher reports of children's social competence, improvements in coparenting agreement were associated with increases in children's social competence over time. In addition, comparative tests of outcomes between parents in the program and parents in a comparison group reveal that RME program participants (n = 171) demonstrate significant improvements compared to nonparticipants (n = 143) on coparenting agreement, parenting practices, and teachers' reports of preschool children's social competence over a 1 year period. The findings are offered as a step forward in better understanding the experiences of low-resource participants in RME. Implications for future research are discussed.
Pilot study of dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) therapy for acquired ventilator-associated infection in preterm infants.

SumaryObjective Evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of adjunctive treatment with dornase alfa in preterm patients with ventilator-associated pulmonary infection (VAPI) compared to standard care. Working Hypothesis We hypothesize that therapy with dornase alfa will be safe and well tolerated in the preterm population with no worsening of symptoms, oxygen requirement, or need for respiratory support. Study Design Prospective, randomized, blinded, pilot study comparing adjunctive treatment with dornase alfa to sham therapy. In addition to standard care, infants were randomized to receive dornase alfa 2.5 mg nebulized via endotracheal tube (ETT) every 12 hr for 7 days or sham therapy. ETT secretion gram stain and culture and chest X-ray (CXR) findings were evaluated. Respiratory support data were downloaded from the ventilator. Results Fourteen infants developed VAPI between 2012 and 2014; 11 enrolled in the study. Six received dornase alfa and five received sham therapy. Average gestational age at birth was 25 weeks and age at study entry was 31 days. There were no differences in demographics, ETT white blood cell count (WBC), CXR, or mean airway pressure (MAP) between the two groups. There was a trend towards decreased oxygen requirement (FiO2) in the treatment group that did not reach statistical significance. No side effects were observed in the treatment group. Conclusion Treatment with dornase alfa is safe and treated infants had some improvement in FiO2 requirement but no improvement in MAP. A larger randomized trial is needed to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017; 52:787–791. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secured Transaction History: Protecting Holmes’ Notes Through the Conditional Sales Acts

The historical explanation for the adoption of the conditional sales acts is woefully lacking. How and why the first conditional sales acts arose are investigated. Grant Gilmore, when presenting his theory, confessed ignorance concerning the origins of the conditional sale transaction, first known as Holmes’ notes. The failure of traditional legal historians to explain the passage of the conditional sales acts, encourages inquiry into their legislative history to find an explanation. The Pre-Act American decisions provide clues regarding the ratification of the acts. The courts provided three explanations for their passage: to treat the conditional sale as a chattel mortgage, to protect good faith purchasers, and to prevent vendee fraud.
Angle-resolved molecular beam scattering of NO at the gas-liquid interface

This study presents first results on angle-resolved, inelastic collision dynamics of thermal and hyperthermal molecular beams of NO at gas-liquid interfaces. Specifically, a collimated incident beam of supersonically cooled NO (2Π1/2, J = 0.5) is directed toward a series of low vapor pressure liquid surfaces ([bmim][Tf2N], squalane, and PFPE) at θinc = 45(1)°, with the scattered molecules detected with quantum state resolution over a series of final angles (θs = -60°, -30°, 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) via spatially filtered laser induced fluorescence. At low collision energies [Einc = 2.7(9) kcal/mol], the angle-resolved quantum state distributions reveal (i) cos(θs) probabilities for the scattered NO and (ii) electronic/rotational temperatures independent of final angle (θs), in support of a simple physical picture of angle independent sticking coefficients and all incident NO thermally accommodating on the surface. However, the observed electronic/rotational temperatures for NO scattering reveal cooling below the surface temperature (Telec < Trot < TS) for all three liquids, indicating a significant dependence of the sticking coefficient on NO internal quantum state. Angle-resolved scattering at high collision energies [Einc = 20(2) kcal/mol] has also been explored, for which the NO scattering populations reveal angle-dependent dynamical branching between thermal desorption and impulsive scattering (IS) pathways that depend strongly on θs. Characterization of the data in terms of the final angle, rotational state, spin-orbit electronic state, collision energy, and liquid permit new correlations to be revealed and investigated in detail. For example, the IS rotational distributions reveal an enhanced propensity for higher J/spin-orbit excited states scattered into near specular angles and thus hotter rotational/electronic distributions measured in the forward scattering direction. Even more surprisingly, the average NO scattering angle (⟨θs⟩) exhibits a remarkably strong correlation with final angular momentum, N, which implies a linear scaling between net forward scattering propensity and torque delivered to the NO projectile by the gas-liquid interface.
Image-guided tandem and cylinder brachytherapy as monotherapy for definitive treatment of inoperable endometrial carcinoma.

Abstract Objectives Management of endometrial cancer consists of surgical staging with adjuvant therapy guided by risk factors, though some women cannot undergo surgery due to comorbidities. We present a series of women treated with definitive high-dose rate image-guided tandem and cylinder brachytherapy (HDR-IGBT) alone. Methods Patients with grade 1–2, clinical stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma, Results From 2007 to 2016, 45 patients were treated to a median dose of 37.5Gy. The median gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) were 5.9cm 3 (range, 0.7–18.7) and 80.9cm 3 (17.2–159.0), respectively. The median cumulative dose to 90% (D90) of the GTV was 132.8Gy (76.5–295.6) equivalent 2Gy dose, and the median CTV D90 was 49.7Gy (34.5–57.2). Median follow-up among living patients was 18.6months (3.0–64.3). Cessation of vaginal bleeding occurred in 98%. Among those with post-treatment MRI (64%), complete radiographic response was demonstrated in 90%. The 2-year LRC, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival rates were 90%, 86%, and 97%, respectively. No grade 3+ acute or late toxicity was observed. Conclusions HDR-IGBT alone for treatment of early-stage, medically inoperable endometrial cancer is feasible with excellent response rates and clinical results. This approach also allows sparing of critical organs and ensures target coverage, which contributed to the low toxicity rate and high LRC in comparison with 2D point-based series.
Dinutuximab for the treatment of pediatric patients with neuroblastoma

Dinutuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeted at disialoganglioside (GD2), a tumor-associated antigen widely expressed in human neuroblastoma cells. The incorporation of dinutuximab into standard treatment regimens for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma has changed the landscape of neuroblastoma therapy. Dinutuximab has shown to be effective in prolonging survival for patients receiving standard multimodal treatment regimens and has now become standard of care during the final phase of treatment. More recently, it has also shown promising efficacy and tolerability in patients with relapsed or progressive neuroblastoma. The most effective way of incorporating dinutuximab into treatment protocols is still being explored, and is the focus of numerous ongoing clinical trials.
Further Reflections on Architecture as Pedagogy (1997)

T he curriculum embedded in any building instructs as fully and as powerfully as any course taught in it. Most of my classes, for example, are taught in a building that I think Descartes would have liked. It is a building with lots of squareness and straight lines. There is nothing whatsoever that reflects its locality in northeast Ohio in what had once been a vast forested wetland (Sherman 1996). How it is cooled, heated, and lighted and at what true cost to the world is an utter mystery to its occupants. It offers no clue about the origins of the materials used to build it. It tells no story. With only minor modifications it could be converted to use as a factory or prison. When classes are over, students seldom linger for long. The building resonates with no part of our biology, evolutionary experience, or esthetic sensibilities. It reflects no understanding of ecology or ecological processes. It is intended to be functional, efficient, minimally offensive, and little more. But what else does it do?
The Ceiling or the Floor

As an undergraduate in a modern dance class, I had to watch my rapist perform a solo dance number to the sound of dolphins cry ing. He himself was portraying a dying dolphin, and the idea, if you will, was that the other dolphins were trying to save him but he could only save himself and he did not and instead screamed the last minute of the performance, a minute being a very long time under such circumstances. This is the kind of bizarre scenario that
Slater and Gaussian basis functions and computation of molecular integrals

Abstract Basis functions and molecular integrals are critical components utilized in electronic structure (ab initio and density functional theory) calculations. In this chapter, a mathematical overview is provided about the construction of basis functions and computation of molecular integrals. Included is a discussion about the selection of basis functions for use in computational chemistry calculations, providing insight about factors that should be considered. The behavior of energies and properties with increasing basis set size, as well as extrapolation schemes are presented. Also, a discussion of the computational scaling and more efficient approaches, such as pseudopotential basis sets and the density fitting, are described.
Framing critical race theory and methodologies

Critical Race Theory (CRT) is now a prominent framework for critical scholarship on race and racism in the field of education. Our goal is to introduce CRT as a formative theoretical and methodological framework for social justice and equity-minded educational researchers. The chapter is divided into three sections: (1) key terms and concepts, (2) broader history of CRT, and (3) critical race methodologies in education. By tracing CRT’s trajectory in educational research and analyzing the significance of its legacy, we provide an alternative framework to analyze how racism is institutionalized through research-based or legalized “truths” that too often continue to perpetuate the oppression of minoritized communities. In doing so, we illuminate the significance of critical race analysis in educational research and the implications to reframe current discussions regarding the relation of research and the struggle for social justice.
Major themes for 2014 in cardiothoracic and vascular anaesthesia and intensive care

There has been significant progress throughout 2014 in cardiothoracic and vascular anaesthesia and intensive care. There has been a revolution in the clinical approach to acute and chronic adult aortic diseases. Contemporary management of adult aortic disease is based on etiology, clinical presentation, extent, and integrated intervention with medical, endovascular and/or surgical measures. Further European guidelines have explored in depth the cardiovascular management in non-cardiac surgery with a thematic focus to reduce perioperative mortality from the leading offender, namely myocardial ischemia. Integrated guidelines address the management of myocardial revascularization including the percutaneous and surgical options. Despite 50 years since the first coronary artery bypass grafting procedure and impressive advances in interventional cardiology, surgical revascularization remains a gold standard for many patients with coronary artery disease. These advances in 2014 will likely further improve perioperative outcomes for our patients.
Text messaging as an intervention for weight loss in emerging adults

ABSTRACTBackground and purpose:Rates of overweight and obesity in emerging adults are rapidly increasing and associated with many chronic illnesses, quality of life concerns, and increased health care spending. Effective weight management interventions are needed for this population. The purpose of
Mandatory Flu Vaccine for Healthcare Workers: Not Worthwhile

In 2010, the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology published a recommendation that annual influenza vaccination of healthcare workers be made a condition of employment despite no high-level evidence to support this recommendation. A better strategy for reducing the transmission of respiratory viruses in the healthcare setting would be to encourage vaccination and reduce presenteeism, which is very common among healthcare workers with influenza-like illness. In a hospital with a baseline vaccination compliance of 70%, reducing presenteeism by 2% has the equivalent impact of mandating vaccination in terms of the number of healthcare workers with influenza-like illness at work. Expectations for compliance with interventions to improve the quality of care should be correlated tightly to the underlying evidence to support the intervention, reserving mandates for interventions with very high quality supporting evidence.
On sequential spectral analysis of amplitude-modulated time series

Consider a zero-mean and second-order stationary time series of interest {Xt} that cannot be observed directly. Instead an amplitude-modulated time series {Yt}:={AtUtXt} is observed where {At} is a...
Does BERT agree? Evaluating knowledge of structure dependence through agreement relations.

Learning representations that accurately model semantics is an important goal of natural language processing research. Many semantic phenomena depend on syntactic structure. Recent work examines the extent to which state-of-the-art models for pre-training representations, such as BERT, capture such structure-dependent phenomena, but is largely restricted to one phenomenon in English: number agreement between subjects and verbs. We evaluate BERT's sensitivity to four types of structure-dependent agreement relations in a new semi-automatically curated dataset across 26 languages. We show that both the single-language and multilingual BERT models capture syntax-sensitive agreement patterns well in general, but we also highlight the specific linguistic contexts in which their performance degrades.
Inkjet-Printed Organohalide 2D Layered Perovskites for High-Speed Photodetectors on Flexible Polyimide Substrates.

The synthesis of solution-processed two-dimensional (2D) layered organohalide (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)n−1PbnI3n+1 (n = 2, 3, and 4) perovskites is presented, where inkjet printing was used to fabricate heterostructure flexible photodetector (PD) devices on polyimide (PI) substrates. Inks for the n = 4 formulation were developed to inkjet-print PD devices that were photoresponsive to broadband incoming radiation in the visible regime, where the peak photoresponsivity R was calculated to be ∼0.17 A/W, which is higher compared to prior reports, while the detectivity D was measured to be ∼3.7 × 1012 Jones at a low light intensity F ≈ 0.6 mW/cm2. The ON/OFF ratio was also high (∼2.3 × 103), while the response time τ on the rising and falling edges was measured to be τrise ≈ 24 ms and τfall ≈ 65 ms, respectively. Our strain-dependent measurements, conducted here for the first time for inkjet-printed perovskite PDs, revealed that the Ip decreased by only ∼27% with bending (radius of curvature of ∼0.262 cm–1). Thi...
Remote control of CAR T cell therapies by thermal targeting

The limited ability to control anti-tumor activity within tumor sites contributes to poor CAR T cell responses against solid malignancies. Systemic delivery of biologic drugs such as cytokines can augment CAR T cell activity despite off-target toxicity in healthy tissues that narrows their therapeutic window. Here we develop a platform for remote control of CAR T therapies by thermal targeting. To enable CAR T cells to respond to heat, we construct synthetic thermal gene switches that trigger expression of transgenes in response to mild elevations in local temperature (40-42 °C) but not to orthogonal cellular stresses such as hypoxia. We show that short pulses of heat (15-30 min) lead to more than 60-fold increases in gene expression without affecting key T cell functions including proliferation, migration, and cytotoxicity. We demonstrate thermal control of broad classes of immunostimulatory agents including CARs, Bispecific T cell Engagers (BiTEs), and cytokine superagonists to enhance proliferation and cell targeting. In mouse models of adoptive transfer, photothermal targeting of intratumoral CAR T cells to control the production of an IL-15 superagonist significantly enhance anti-tumor activity and overall survival. We envision that thermal targeting could improve the safety and efficacy of next-generation therapies by allowing remote control of CAR T cell activity.
Filling in nanoporous gold with silver via bulk deposition and surface-limited redox replacement approaches

Abstract This work reports on the development of an all-electrochemical metal-filling of nanoporous structures via conformal deposition. The study focuses on the Ag-filling of nanoporous Au (np-Au) using both overpotential (bulk) deposition (OPD) and electrochemical atomic layer deposition by surface-limited redox replacement (SLRR). The SLRR protocol shows advantageous generation of uniform Ag filling by layer-by-layer deposition throughout the nanometer-sized porous substrate as opposed to OPD that features drawbacks including incomplete filling and clustered deposition outside of the pores. The np-Au structure to be filled with Ag is obtained by de-alloying of Cu from an electrodeposited Au-Cu precursor alloy. In both approaches, the Ag-filled np-Au composites feature an electrochemically active surface area that is comparable to that of the original precursor alloy, as monitored by cyclic voltammetry of Pb underpotential deposition (Pb UPD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is also employed to characterize both the composites’ surface and cross-section morphology and the SEM findings generally corroborate the Pb UPD results. Finally, a secondary Ag de-alloying was performed to ascertain that uniformity of the Ag filling via OPD and SLRR.
Twenty years of drought‐mediated change in snag populations in mixed‐conifer and ponderosa pine forests in Northern Arizona

Snags (standing dead trees) are important biological legacies in forest systems, providing numerous resources as well as a record of recent tree mortality. From 1997 to 2017, we monitored snag populations in drought-influenced mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in northern Arizona. Snag density increased significantly in both forest types. This increase was driven largely by a pulse in snag recruitment that occurred between 2002 and 2007, following an extreme drought year in 2002, with snag recruitment returning to pre-pulse levels in subsequent time periods. Some later years during the study also were warmer and/or drier than average, but these years were not as extreme as 2002 and did not trigger the same level of snag recruitment. Snag recruitment was not equal across tree species and size classes, resulting in significant changes in species composition and size-class distributions of snag populations in both forest types. Because trees were far more abundant than snags in these forests, the effect of this mortality pulse on tree populations was far smaller than its effect on snag populations. Snag loss rates increased over time during the study, even though many snags were newly recruited. This may reflect the increasing prevalence of white fir snags and/or snags in the smaller size classes, which generally decay faster than snags of other species or larger snags. Thus, although total numbers of snags increased, many of the newly recruited snags may not persist long enough to be valuable as nesting substrates for native wildlife. Increases in snag abundance appeared to be due to a short-term tree mortality “event” rather than a longer-term pattern of elevated tree mortality. This mortality event followed a dry and extremely warm year (2002) embedded within a longer-term megadrought. Climate models suggest that years like 2002 may occur with increasing frequency in the southwestern U.S. Such years may result in additional mortality pulses, which in turn may strongly affect trajectories in abundance, structure, and composition of snag populations. Relative effects on tree populations likely will be smaller, but, over time, also could be significant.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Insomnia Coach Mobile App to Assess Its Feasibility, Acceptability, and Potential Efficacy

Abstract Insomnia is highly prevalent among military veterans but access to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is limited. Thus, this study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of Insomnia Coach, a CBT-I-based, free, self-management mobile app. Fifty U.S. veterans, who were mostly male (58%) and mean age 44.5 (range = 28 to 55) years with moderate insomnia symptoms were randomized to Insomnia Coach (n = 25) or a waitlist control condition (n = 25) for 6 weeks. Participants completed self-report measures and sleep diaries at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up (12 weeks post-randomization), and app participants (n = 15) completed a qualitative interview at post-treatment. Findings suggest that Insomnia Coach is feasible to use, with three-quarters of participants using the app through 6 weeks and engaging with active elements. For acceptability, perceptions of Insomnia Coach were very favorable based on both self-report and qualitative interview responses. Finally, for potential efficacy, at post-treatment, a larger proportion of Insomnia Coach (28%) than waitlist control participants (4%) achieved clinically significant improvement (p = .049) and there was a significant treatment effect on daytime sleep-related impairment (d = -0.6, p = .044). Additional treatment effects emerged at follow-up for insomnia severity (d = -1.1, p = .001), sleep onset latency (d = -0.6, p = .021), global sleep quality (d = -0.9, p = .002), and depression symptoms (d = -0.8, p =.012). These findings provide preliminary evidence that among veterans with moderate insomnia symptoms a CBT-I-based self-management app is feasible, acceptable, and promising for improving insomnia severity and other sleep-related outcomes. Given the vast unmet need for insomnia treatment in the population, Insomnia Coach may provide an easily accessible, convenient public health intervention for individuals not receiving care.
Transfinite resistive networks

Transfinite electrical networks are infinite networks in which some of the nodes are connected by infinite paths but not by finite ones. Such networks arise naturally as certain transitional cases between lumped and distributed networks, but to date neither a definition nor a fundamental theory existed for them. The structure of such networks is explicated, and some foundational theorems for the existence of unique voltage-current regimes in resistive infinite networks are stated. >
Variation and Repeatability of Calling Behavior in Crickets Subject to a Phonotactic Parasitoid Fly

Male Teleogryllus oceanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) produce a conspicuous calling song to attract females. In some populations, the song also attracts the phonotactic parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea (Diptera: Tachinidae). I examined the factors affecting calling song by characterizing the calling behavior of caged crickets from an area where the fly occurs. Calling activity (proportion of time spent calling) was repeatable and a significant predictor of female attraction. However, calling activity in the parasitized population was lower than in an unparasitized Moorea population (Orsak, 1988), suggesting a compromise between high activity to attract females and low activity to avoid flies. Calling activity peaked simultaneously with fly searching, so crickets did not shift to calling when the fly is less active. Males harboring larvae did not call less than unparasitized males; however, a more controlled study of the effects of parasitization on calling behavior is needed to evaluate this result. The results are discussed in the context of other studies of the evolutionary consequences of sexual and natural selection on cricket calling behavior.
A Risk‐Prediction Model for In‐Hospital Mortality After Heart Transplantation in US Children

We sought to develop and validate a quantitative risk-prediction model for predicting the risk of posttransplant in-hospital mortality in pediatric heart transplantation (HT). Children <18 years of age who underwent primary HT in the United States during 1999-2008 (n = 2707) were identified using Organ Procurement and Transplant Network data. A risk-prediction model was developed using two-thirds of the cohort (random sample), internally validated in the remaining one-third, and independently validated in a cohort of 338 children transplanted during 2009-2010. The best predictive model had four categorical variables: hemodynamic support (ECMO, ventilator support, VAD support vs. medical therapy), cardiac diagnosis (repaired congenital heart disease [CHD], unrepaired CHD vs. cardiomyopathy), renal dysfunction (severe, mild-moderate vs. normal) and total bilirubin (≥ 2.0, 0.6 to <2.0 vs. <0.6 mg/dL). The C-statistic (0.78) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit (p = 0.89) in the model-development cohort were replicated in the internal validation and independent validation cohorts (C-statistic 0.75, 0.81 and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit p = 0.49, 0.53, respectively) suggesting acceptable prediction for posttransplant in-hospital mortality. We conclude that this risk-prediction model using four factors at the time of transplant has good prediction characteristics for posttransplant in-hospital mortality in children and may be useful to guide decision-making around patient listing for transplant and timing of mechanical support.
Teaching Lessons Learned: Shock and Awe in the Civil Engineering Classroom

When one advocates using drama to breathe fresh life into a col­ lege classroom, engineering is not the first subject that comes to mind. Law, history, and political science seem much more likely candidates. Law offers a natural source of conflict and resolution as major issues are argued passionately by both sides and a jury or all-powerful judge decides the outcome; there are clear winners and losers. History is the story of dreams realized, wars fought, nations formed, and a perpetual competition for resources. Politi­ cal science relates how nations organize, make decisions, and establish policy. All of these activities feature exciting tales of backroom maneuvering, powerful personalities, and unpredictable events. These subjects naturally lend themselves to suspense, in­ trigue, and compelling stories. Engineering, on the other hand, is the application of scientific theories, imposition of an organized and mechanistic thought process, and demonstration of conserva­ tive and responsible behavior. Hollywood knows. They make movies and television shows about cops, doctors, lawyers, corpo­ rate villains—sometimes even about teachers and soldiers—but almost never about engineers. If an engineer ever did appear in a movie, it would probably be Tom Hanks screaming, “There’s no crying in baseball and there’s no drama in engineering.” But he would be wrong.
Fields, Waves, and Particles: Finding Common Ground in Understanding Language as a Public Activity

One of the most common activities in which humans engage is talking with each other, yet scientists reflecting on that activity have found it difficult to engage. Some have denied the possibility of scientific accounts of public language, but a broad array of theoretical, empirical, and methodological developments in the past 2 decades have challenged that pessimism. Interdisciplinary efforts are beginning to provide new possibilities for studying ordinary conversations as dynamic, embodied, dialogical activities that function in crucial ways in collaborative tasks. This special issue, which grew out of a conference, “Finding Common Ground: Social, Ecological, and Cognitive Perspectives on Language Use,” explores a small sample of these efforts. These articles, and others that are forthcoming, indicate something of the range and complexity of issues facing researchers, and they also illustrate the diversity and coherence required to address them successfully. Some of the themes that emerge are those of sy...
Cost Reduction and Manufacture of the SunSine{reg_sign} ac Module: Final Subcontract Report, 11 June 2001

This project was a two-phase effort consisting of technical research and manufacturing development to improve and reduce the costs of the SunSine{reg_sign} inverter. Research addressed packaging, soft switching, circuit optimization, manufacturing process improvements, and pilot production manufacturing. Significant cost reductions were achieved. The main goal of this project was to reduce cost and improve the manufacturability and reliability of the SunSine{reg_sign} ac module, which consists of a SunSine{reg_sign} inverter mounted on an ASE Americas PV laminate. This work has also boosted the performance and enhanced marketability by adding customer-valued features. Ascension Technology has accomplished these advancements by cost reductions or design modifications in the following areas: Die-cast aluminum enclosure and base plate; soft switching for cost reduction and efficiency gains; circuit board and component optimization for performance gains and size reduction; streamlined inverter assembly and production testing; and streamlined inverter/module assembly. As a result of the effort in these areas, Ascension Technology's objectives were to achieve the following: 40%-50% reduction in inverter manufacturing costs; 40% reduction in inverter size from 169 to 100 square inches; 4% increase in peak inverter efficiency from 87% to 91% at full power; UL listing, FCC certification; establish a production capability of 5000 SunSine{reg_sign} inverters/year through manufacturing improvements and production-line design improvements; less than 1 failure per 1000 units at time of installation/turn-on; a 5-year warranty; and a rating of 250 Wac at PTC for the SunSine{reg_sign} ac Module. Accomplishments during this project include: Inverter production costs were reduced 32% in the pilot production run; inverter production costs anticipated to be reduced a total of 36% in future production runs; 45% reduction in inverter footprint (in contact with module) from 169 to 93 square inches; and a 2.3% increase in inverter efficiency from 85.7% to 88.0% at full power. In addition, the SunSine{reg_sign} ac module is UL listed, meets IEEE Std. 929-2000, IEEE-C62.41-1991, IEEE-C62.45-1992, and NY State SIR requirements, and was verified to comply with FCC Class B EMI limits. There were 4 failures per 214 units at time of installation/turn-on; a 5-year inverter warranty is offered; and a rating of 235 Wac at PTC for the SunSine{reg_sign} ac module was achieved.