cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IN-SITU SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF HIGH-PRESSURE HYDRATED (MG,FE)SIO3 GLASSES: OH VIBRATIONS AS A PROBE OF GLASS STRUCTURE

ABSTRAcr We have investigated the structure of hydrated (Mg,Fe)Si03 glasses both at high pressure and after quenching, using infrared spectroscopy. Glasses were synthesized by fusion at pressures of up to 41 GPa and probed in situ to 39 GPa. Strong H bonding, as manifested by the presence of distinct OH stretching bands between 2250 and 2600 cm-I, plays an important role in the speciation of OH groups at pressures between 15 and 25 GPa. At higher pressures, strong H bonding is also observed in the glasses but is completely unquenchable to ambient pressure; major structural changes are observed during decompression from pressures in excess of 20 GPa. Both the absence of a significant concentration of strongly H-bound OH groups and the similarity in frequency of the primary O-H stretching peak in the spectra of samples quenched from pressures above 30 GPa and those formed below 15 GPa indicate that similar structural features exist in glasses synthesized and quenched from these two separate pressure regimes. We infer that changes in Si coordination occur primarily between these two pressures and are largely unquenchable. Intratetrahedral H bonding is suggested as a possible mechanism for densification at pressures lower than -25 GPa. Estimated bond lengths for high-pressure hydroxylated species imply that the hydrous component in silicate melts undergoes significant densification with pressure, and that the volume of dissolved H20 in high-pressure silicate melts is controlled almost solely by the volume of 0 anions.
Candidate Quality, the Personal Vote, and the Incumbency Advantage in Congress

Most political observers agree that incumbent legislators have a considerable advantage over nonincumbents in modern congressional elections. Yet there is still disagreement over the exact source of this advantage and the explanation for its growth over time. To address this debate we utilize a unique set of historical elections data to test for the presence of an incumbency advantage in late-nineteenth-century House elections (1872–1900). We find a modest direct effect of incumbency and a substantial candidate quality effect. Moreover, the cartel-like control of ballot access by nineteenth century political parties created competition in races that the modern market-like system simply does not sustain. Our results suggest that candidate quality is a fundamental piece of the puzzle in understanding the historical development of the incumbency advantage in American politics.
Rapidly developing nephrocalcinosis in a patient with end-stage liver disease who received a domino liver transplant from a patient with known congenital oxalosis.

Sonography is used in the detection of renal disease, both obstructive and parenchymal, in adult and pediatric populations. A variety of conditions often reported as "medical renal disease" may result in kidneys that are hyperechoic. Oxalosis is a condition known to result in hyperechoic kidneys, often after long-standing disease. We report the rapid development of oxalosis and resulting hyperechoic kidneys in a transplant recipient of a liver known to be from a donor individual with oxalosis.
Fluorescence Properties and Photophysics of the Sulfoindocyanine Cy3 Linked Covalently to DNA

The sulfoindocyanine Cy3 is one of the most commonly used fluorescent dyes in the investigation of the structure and dynamics of nucleic acids by means of fluorescence methods. In this work, we report the fluorescence and photophysical properties of Cy3 attached covalently to single-stranded and duplex DNA. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques were used to determine fluorescence quantum yields, emission lifetimes, and fluorescence anisotropy decays. The existence of a transient photoisomer was investigated by means of transient absorption techniques. The fluorescence quantum yield of Cy3 is highest when attached to the 5‘ terminus of single-stranded DNA (Cy3−5‘ ssDNA), and decreases by a factor of 2.4 when the complementary strand is annealed to form duplex DNA (Cy3−5‘ dsDNA). Substantial differences were also observed between the 5‘-modified strands and strands modified through an internal amino-modified deoxy uridine. The fluorescence decay of Cy3 became multiexponential upon conjugati...
The use of high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy to palliate symptomatic endobronchial recurrence of previously irradiated bronchogenic carcinoma

Abstract Thirty-eight patients were treated with high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy to palliate symptoms (cough, hemoptysis, fever, and/or shortness of breath) caused by endobronchial recurrence of previously irradiated (≥ 5000 cGy) bronchogenic carcinoma. The dose per fraction was 600 cGy at a radius of 1 cm from the center of the linear path of the source, and each patient received three fractions, each fraction separated by a 1-week interval. Twenty-nine patients (76%) had symptomatic improvement, 16 with complete and 13 with partial relief of symptoms. The likelihood of symptom relief was greater in those patients who had extrabronchial tumor measuring
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Adult Postoperative Congenital Heart Disease

Diagnostic and surgical advances have resulted in a large and growing population of adult patients with congenital heart disease. Proper care of these individuals requires knowledge of the original defects as well as the multitude of variations on surgical intervention for those lesions. Most complex congenital cardiac malformations amenable to “biventricular repair” are cyanotic and include a mixture of septal defects, obstructive and regurgitant valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular lesions, and malposition of the cardiac chambers and great arteries. Whether they reach adulthood unoperated largely depends upon the balance of pulmonary blood flow. Examples of anatomical substrates that are usually candidates for “biventricular repair” include conotruncal abnormalities such as tetralogy of Fallot, transposition complexes of the great arteries, double-outlet right or left ventricle, and truncus arteriosus. “Biventricular repair” results in two well formed functional ventricles with a subpulmonic ventricle and a subaortic ventricle that are able to provide a circulation in series without admixture of venous and systemic blood. A unifying theme includes patch closure of a ventricular septal defect and reconstitution of ventricular-to-pulmonary arterial blood flow.
Representation of Linguistic Rules in the Brain: Evidence from Training an Aphasic Patient to Produce Past Tense Verb Morphology

We trained a patient with expressive aphasia and a deficit in phoneme-to-grapheme conversion to produce spoken English verbs with correct tense morphology. After training, he showed evidence of generalization to production of written regular, but not irregular, verbs in a sentence completion task. These data support dual-route, rule-based models within the brain for morphosyntactic operations.
REDISTRIBUTION OF BODY FLUIDS AFTER GLUCOSE INJECTIONS IN RATS WITH ADRENOCORTICAL TRANSPLANTS1

THE TRANSPLANTATION method for obtaining relative degrees of adrenocortical efficiency uncomplicated by attendant medullary functioning rests upon the question of the functional capacity of grafted tissue. We have previously reported that the tacit assumption that single or multiple adrenocortical transplants are functionally equivalent to the intact cortex is not true with respect to histamine poisoning and anaphylaxis2 (1, 2). Eversole, Edelmann and Gaunt (3) have recently confirmed this with respect to water intoxication. Since one group of the major theories of adrenocortical function is concerned with its r6le in the mobilisation of water and electrolytes for maintaining a normal blood volume and redistributing tissue fluids in emergencies, e.g. hemorrhage, shock, and the like (cf. 4), we decided to investigate the efficiency of transplants in such fluid shifts. Massive intraperitoneal injections of isotonic glucose solution have been shown to cause a shift of sodium and water into the peritoneal cav...
What’s next for science communication? Promising directions and lingering distractions

In this essay, we review research from the social sciences on how the public makes sense of and participates in societal decisions about science and technology. We specifically highlight the role of the media and public communication in this process, challeng ing the still dominant assumption that science literacy is both the problem and the solution to societal conflicts. After reviewing the cases of evolution, climate change, food biotechnology, and nanotechnology, we offer a set of detailed recommendations for improved public engagement efforts on the part of scientists and their organizations. We emphasize the need for science commu nication initiatives that are guided by careful formative research; that span a diversity of media platforms and audiences; and that facilitate conversations with the public that recognize, respect, and incorporate differences in knowledge, values, perspectives, and goals. Over the past few years, there have been signs of a gradual shift in how the scientific community in the United States views public engagement. One can detect a growing recognition that effective communication requires initiatives that sponsor dialogue, trust, re lationships, and public participation across a diversity of social settings and media platforms. Yet despite notable new directions, many communication efforts continue to be based on ad-hoc, intu ition-driven approaches, paying little attention to several decades of interdisciplinary research on what makes for effective public engagement. Many of these initiatives start with the false premise that deficits in public knowledge are the central culprit driving so cietal conflict over science, when in fact, science literacy has only a limited role in shaping public perceptions and decisions. In this article, we describe what we know from social science research on how members of the public from diverse back grounds are likely to use information and reach decisions about science. We then offer recommendations on how this research should inform effective public engagement and communica tion. To clearly demonstrate these principles, we highlight no table successes and mistakes specific to the cases of climate change, evolution, plant biotechnology, and nanotechnology. Across each of our recommendations, we emphasize the fol lowing basic premise: any science communication efforts need to be based on a systematic empirical understanding of an in tended audience's existing values, knowledge, and attitudes,
Needed relationships and repeated relationships an integrated relational perspective

This paper proposes a conceptual and clinical integration of contemporary psychoanalytic theories that emphasize the repetitive dimension of the transference (the repeated relationship) and those that stress the developmental or selfobject dimension (the needed relationship). Such an integration is accomplished by enlarging our conception of the communicative matrix that includes transference, projective identification, and countertransference. It is suggested that patients actively seek to enlist the therapist both in old pathogenic interactional scenarios and in new therapeutically needed relational configurations. Thus, contrary to recent criticisms of the developmental paradigm, the therapist does not have to look outside the transference‐countertransference matrix for a model of the developmentally needed relationship: the patient communicates it through a creative, proactive form of projective identification. The work of Racker, Sandier, Winnicott, Bollas, and various self psychologists is reviewed ...
Investigating design knowledge reuse for interface development

Reusing HCI design knowledge shows potential in allowing practitioners to design based on previously identified concerns. A reuse approach is presented that is based on claims, design knowledge units encapsulating tradeoffs. Fundamental characteristics of reuse include abstraction, selection, specification, and integration. Claim relationships provide the key to instantiating each of these traits within the claims reuse approach. A claims library is used implement a working model of the reuse process. Studies analyzing various components of this work validate existing efforts and provide impetus for future work.
Feature extraction based design retrieval

An efficient and flexible indexing mechanism for retrieving design objects that possess similar design features as described by the user is presented. The underlying database is composed of rotational objects represented by constructive solid geometry. Both efficiency and flexibility have been taken into account when building and using indices. Regarding efficiency, the pattern matching machine extracts all features from an input pattern string in a single pass, and the algorithm deriving a pattern string from the PAR (principal axis representation) has a linear time complexity with respect to the number of axis segments in the PAR. As for flexibility, A.V. Aho and M.J. Corasick's algorithm (1975) automatically constructs the pattern matching machine for any new features and the pattern matching machine extracts multiple features and builds multiple indices automatically. The effort required to build and use engineering indices in a CAD/CAM database management system is illustrated. >
Application of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma.

Abstract Context.—Beginning with the immunologic classifications of Lukes and Collins and Kiel and culminating in the Revised European-American Lymphoma and World Health Organization classifications, the diagnosis of lymphoid tumors relies heavily on the determination of cell lineage, maturation, and function, based on antigen expression in addition to morphology and clinical features. Technologic advances in immunology, antibody production, genetic analysis, cloning, and the identification of new genes and proteins by microarray and proteomics have provided pathologists with many antibodies to use in routine diagnosis. Objective.—To provide guidance to the practicing pathologist in the appropriate selection of an antibody panel for the diagnosis of lymphoma based on morphology and relevant clinical data and to avoid pitfalls in the interpretation of immunohistochemical data. Attention is given to some of the newer antibodies, particularly against transcription factors, that are diagnostically and prognos...
Current strategies with 1-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction.

Background: 1-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction is gaining traction as a preferred method of breast reconstruction in select patients who undergo mastectomy for cancer or prevention. Methods: Critical elements to the procedure including patient selection, technique, surgical judgment, and postoperative care were reviewed. Results: Outcomes series reveal that in properly selected patients, direct-to-implant (DTI) reconstruction has similar low rates of complications and high rates of patient satisfaction compared to traditional 2-stage reconstruction. Conclusions: 1-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction may be the procedure of choice in select patients undergoing mastectomy. Advantages include the potential for the entire reconstructive process to be complete in one surgery, the quick return to normal activities, and lack of donor site morbidity.
Питер Бауэр и его либерально-рыночное видение

The article is devoted to P. Bauer who promoted the principles of liberty around the world. Lord Bauer considered that the development is the expansion of individual choices. He underlined that the role of the state was to protect life, liberty, and property. Bauer's works focus on the process of development measured by the extent of economic freedom. P. Bauer insists that economic development depends on institutions, culture, and conduct. J. Dorn declared P. Bauer a hero of market revolution and a protector of "laissez-faire".
Use of immediate breast reconstruction and choice for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy

Background Rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) have been increasing nationally. The goal of this study was to evaluate recent trends in rates of CPM and immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). Methods After institutional review board approval, we evaluated all surgical procedures for women with newly diagnosed unilateral stages 0–III breast cancer from January 2009 to December 2014. Patients opting for therapeutic mastectomy were classified as either unilateral mastectomy or bilateral mastectomy, if CPM was performed, and according to whether or not they underwent IBR. Analysis was performed using trend tests for univariate associations and both binary and multinomial logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results There were 3,195 women who underwent surgery for breast cancer—51% lumpectomy, 49% therapeutic mastectomy. Of the 1,571 patients undergoing therapeutic mastectomy, 829 (53%) underwent bilateral mastectomy. The rates of therapeutic mastectomy did not change over the study period (P = .92), but the use of IBR among patients undergoing therapeutic mastectomy increased from 37% in 2009 to 68% in 2014 (P Conclusion Over recent years, rates of bilateral mastectomy have remained high. The use of IBR increased substantially for women undergoing therapeutic mastectomy and women undergoing IBR were significantly more likely to opt for bilateral mastectomy. The availability of IBR may influence patients’ decisions to pursue bilateral mastectomy.
Application of principal component analysis in dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT neuroimaging of patients undergoing deep brain stimulation

2033 Objectives To investigate and evaluate the potential benefits of principal component analysis (PCA) in dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT neuroimaging of deep brain stimulation (DBS) patients in order to achieve multi-frame data reduction and image quality improvement. Methods Twenty 30-min dynamic 18F-FDG PET scans from 4 patients that were imaged before and after DBS (4 follow-up scans of each patients) on a Gemini TF 64 PET/CT system (Philips Healthcare) with an administration of 171.86 ± 19.64 MBq dose were evaluated. PET listmode data was reconstructed using a 3D iterative algorithm into 30 dynamic frames (1min/frame). PCA was applied to the multi-frame dynamic data sets to form composite single-frame images with variances from each of the frames. Region of interests were placed on brain segmentations and background (CSF). Image quality was reviewed visually and quantitatively using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for both the generated PCA and original dynamic images. Results PCA generated single-frame PET image map from original 30-frame dynamic data sets via orthogonal linear transformation. In contrast to the dynamic images, the PCA images were much easier to review and analyze, which revealed the overall variances of the original dynamic data internal structures. Image quality of the PCA images was significantly improved with detailed brain anatomical information identified using the first principal component (PC1), which captured the main kinetic behaviors of dynamic images. Improved SNR and enhanced contrast were identified on the PCA image map compared to the original dynamic PET images. Conclusions PCA can generate lower-dimensional but more informative ‘projection’ images from a multivariate dataset. We demonstrated the utility of PCA in dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT neuroimaging of DBS patients, and these potential clinical benefits and capabilities by improving image quality with noise reduction, contrast enhancement, and multi-frame integration. Research Support Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Multi-grants support
Attenuated Ca 2+ release in a mouse model of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2A

Background Mutations in CAPN3 cause limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A), a progressive muscle wasting disease. CAPN3 is a non-lysosomal, Ca-dependent, muscle-specific proteinase. Ablation of CAPN3 (calpain-3 knockout (C3KO) mice) leads to reduced ryanodine receptor (RyR1) expression and abnormal Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Ca-CaMKII)-mediated signaling. We previously reported that Ca2+ release measured by fura2-FF imaging in response to single action potential stimulation was reduced in old C3KO mice; however, the use of field stimulation prevented investigation of the mechanisms underlying this impairment. Furthermore, our prior studies were conducted on older animals, whose muscles showed advanced muscular dystrophy, which prevented us from establishing whether impaired Ca2+ handling is an early feature of disease. In the current study, we sought to overcome these matters by studying single fibers isolated from young wild-type (WT) and C3KO mice using a low affinity calcium dye and high intracellular ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-n,n,n′,n′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to measure Ca2+ fluxes. Muscles were subjected to both current and voltage clamp conditions.
Evaluation of DISCOVAR de novo using a mosquito sample for cost-effective short-read genome assembly

De novo reference assemblies that are affordable, practical to produce, and of sufficient quality for most downstream applications, remain an unattained goal for many taxa. Insects, which may yield too little DNA from individual specimens for long-read sequencing library construction and often have highly heterozygous genomes, can be particularly hard to assemble using inexpensive short-read sequencing data. The large number of insect species with medical or economic importance makes this a critical problem to address. Using the assembler DISCOVAR de novo, we assembled the genome of the African malaria mosquito Anopheles arabiensis using 250 bp reads from a single library. The resulting assembly had a contig N50 of 22,433 bp, and recovered the gene set nearly as well as the ALLPATHS-LG AaraD1 An. arabiensis assembly produced with reads from three sequencing libraries and much greater resources. DISCOVAR de novo appeared to perform better than ALLPATHS-LG in regions of low complexity. DISCOVAR de novo performed well assembling the genome of an insect of medical importance, using simpler sequencing input than previous anopheline assemblies. We have shown that this program is a viable tool for cost-effective assembly of a modestly-sized insect genome.
Effect of Scale on the Far-Field Pressure Skewness and Kurtosis of Heated Supersonic Jets

In heated supersonic jets, Mach wave radiation and crackle have been identified as dominant noise components that propagate to the downstream region of the jet, in a direction noted as the Mach wave angle. At certain conditions, the Mach waves coalesce in the near field causing steepening of the wavefront, which exceeding a certain level produces a noise feature called “crackle.” The skewness and kurtosis of the pressure and its time derivative (dP/dt) have been widely studied as a measurement of crackle. In this paper, we investigate the impact of different test conditions and different nozzle exit diameters on the far-field high-order statistics of the pressure and dP/dt signals of three converging-diverging conical nozzles, with a design Mach number of 1.5 and jet exit diameters of 0.542, 0.813, and 1.085. Results are compared to a smooth contoured nozzle designed by the Method of Characteristics, with the same design Mach number. For all nozzles, cold and heated jets, TR=1.0 to 3.0, are tested at over, design, and under-expanded conditions. Second, third, and fourth order statistics are examined in three far-field arrays positioned at a nondimensionalized constant radial distance of r=40De. The OASPL, skewness, and kurtosis magnitudes and their propagation angles are proportional to the jet temperature and the NPR, and have peak amplitudes near the Mach wave angle. The pressure skewness and kurtosis plots collapsed for all three scaled nozzles when the pressure signals were not filtered. The dP/dt statistics collapsed when the signals were downsampled proportional to the nozzle exit diameters, applying beforehand a low-pass filter at a proportional cutoff frequency, to avoid aliasing effects.
Effect of Brain Hormone from Bombyx mori on Metamorphosis of Calliphora erythrocephala

SummaryAppropriate extraction of brains and pupae of Bombyx mori yielded active brain hormone and ecdysone respectively. When various concentrations of these 2 hormones were introduced alone and in combination into isolated larval abdomens of Calliphora erythrocephala, pupation occurred when brain hormone was added to concentrations of ecdysone which would not induce pupation alone. (Pupation was not induced by brain hormone alone.) Brain hormone therefore may have a direct action on the tissues when acting synergistically with acdysone in addition to its tropic action on the prothoracic gland.
Effects of In Ovo Hormone Administration at Day Eighteen of Embryogenesis on Posthatch Growth of Broilers

Abstract The effect of in ovo administration of hormones on broiler growth were investigated. In Experiment 1, fertile eggs were injected on day 18 of incubation with bovine growth hormone (pGH), porcine growth hormone (pGH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), or vehicle. Hormone administration increased the body weights of males at 1 and 3 wk posthatch. In Experiment 2, fertile eggs were injected with pGH, TRH, or vehicle. A 27% protein diet was fed to 4 wk, and a 22% protein diet was fed from 4 to 8 wk. In Experiment 3, fertile eggs were injected with ovine growth hormone (oGH), TRH, or vehicle. The body weights of females increased at wk 6 following pGH treatments in Experiment 2 and at wk 4, 6 and 8 for oGH-treated birds fed a 22% protein diet from 0-8 wk in Experiment 3. Day 18 of in ovo administration of hormones did not persistently increase body weights except in oGH-treated females fed a 22% protein diet throughout the study.
Further Results Concerning the Effects of Asset Forfeiture on Policing

Earlier work evaluated the association of asset forfeiture with the clearances of crimes reported to police and with the distribution of arrests by type. This paper provides further results concerning the impact of forfeiture on policing.Asset forfeiture refers to a government seizure of assets that are the instrumentalities or fruits of a crime. Criminal forfeiture requires the criminal conviction of the owner of the assets. However, forfeiture often occurs even when a crime is not prosecuted. Under civil forfeiture, the property itself is the defendant and generally does not have the “beyond a reasonable doubt” protection afforded to people; instead, the standard of proof is usually a weaker standard, such as probable cause or preponderance of the evidence. The actual owner of the property has the status of a third party intervener and may bear the burden of proof to show that the asset is not implicated in a crime. If the seizure of an asset is not challenged by the owner, a non‐judicial, administrative forfeiture occurs. The low standards of proof, the locus of the burden of proof, and widespread use of administrative and civil forfeiture raise difficult civil rights questions. Even more controversial, however, is the fact that police agencies often can retain the cash and other assets that they seize. This has led to accusations that civil forfeiture encourages “policing for profit.”
Pendeo-epitaxial growth and characterization of thin films of gallium nitride and related materials on SiC(0001) and Si(111) substrates

Monocrystalline GaN and Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}N films have been grown via the pendeo-epitaxy (PE) technique with and without Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} masks on GaN/AlN/6H-SiC(0001) and GaN(0001)/AlN(0001)/3C-SiC(111)/Si(111) substrates using organometallic vapor phase deposition. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies were used to evaluate the external microstructures and the distribution of dislocations, respectively. The dislocation densities in the PE grown films were reduced at least five orders of magnitude relative to the initial GaN seed layers. Tilting to 0.2 in the portion of the coalesced GaN epilayers grown over the silicon nitride masks was observed via X-ray diffraction. Neither tilting nor low angle boundaries were observed within areas of coalescence in the material grown on substrates without the masks. (orig.)
Types of Aquatic Organisms

This chapter provides an overview of several types of aquatic organisms (their survival, habitats, and taxonomic principles). Traditional taxonomic schemes distinguish organisms on the basis of their behavior, metabolic characteristics, and morphology. Recently, molecular techniques have been used for taxonomic purpose. Three major groups of organisms have been proposed at the broadest level of classification: the Eukarya (eukaryotes), the Bacteria, and the Archaea. Organisms can be classified by their mode of obtaining nutrition and by the habitat they inhabit in addition to their evolutionary relatedness. Organisms that use CO 2 as their primary carbon source are autotrophic; those that use organic carbon are heterotrophic. Autotrophic organisms include those that obtain energy from light (photoautotrophic) and chemicals (chemoautotrophic). Heterotrophic organisms include predators, detritivores, and organisms that live on dissolved organic compounds. Organisms can also be classified by their direct interactions (competition, mutualism, exploitation, commensalism, amensalism, and neutralism) with other organisms. Freshwater habitats contain representatives of most of the groups of organisms on Earth. Some of them may have evolved directly from marine ancestors and others that are secondarily aquatic may have evolved from terrestrial species.
Ephemeris Compression Using Multiple Fourier Series

An ephemeris compression method has been developed which uses multiple Fourier series. The compression itself is performed upon the Cartesian residuals which result from differencing a numerically integrated ephemeris with an ephemeris generated by a widely-used analytical propagator, such as PPT. An accurate estimate of the ephemeris may then be generated by reconstructing the residuals from the Fourier coefficients and superposing these with the analytical propagator’s ephemeris. Statistical results from testing the method with the satellite catalog are presented.
Preservation of Essential Odor-Guided Behaviors and Odor-Based Reversal Learning after Targeting Adult Brain Serotonin Synthesis

![Figure][1] The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) is considered a powerful modulator of sensory system organization and function in a wide range of animals. The olfactory system is innervated by midbrain 5-HT neurons into both its primary and secondary odor-processing stages. Facilitated by this circuitry, 5-HT and its receptors modulate olfactory system function, including odor information input to the olfactory bulb. It is unknown, however, whether the olfactory system requires 5-HT for even its most basic behavioral functions. To address this question, we established a conditional genetic approach to specifically target adult brain tryptophan hydroxylase 2 ( Tph2 ), encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in brain 5-HT synthesis, and nearly eliminate 5-HT from the mouse forebrain. Using this novel model, we investigated the behavior of 5-HT–depleted mice during performance in an olfactory go/no-go task. Surprisingly, the near elimination of 5-HT from the forebrain, including the olfactory bulbs, had no detectable effect on the ability of mice to perform the odor-based task. Tph2 -targeted mice not only were able to learn the task, but also had levels of odor acuity similar to those of control mice when performing coarse odor discrimination. Both groups of mice spent similar amounts of time sampling odors during decision-making. Furthermore, odor reversal learning was identical between 5-HT–depleted and control mice. These results suggest that 5-HT neurotransmission is not necessary for the most essential aspects of olfaction, including odor learning, discrimination, and certain forms of cognitive flexibility. [1]: pending:yes
An Investigation of an Intra-Operative PET imaging Probe

We present a Monte Carlo simulation of an intraoperative PET imaging probe system with high spatial resolution capability. We have been investigating imaging systems in which a detector having high spatial resolution operates in conjunction with a conventional imaging system. Based on this concept, the intra-operative PET imaging probe system consists of a segment of a conventional PET scanner and a small PET imaging probe. The coincidence events between the segment of the conventional PET scanner and the small imaging probe are collected. The high spatial resolution is obtained due mainly to the imaging probe's proximity to the lesions and the small size crystals in the PET imaging probe. The PET imaging probe is equipped with a position tracker. By employing the position tracker, surgeons or clinicians can survey suspicious regions in detail by moving the probe during the imaging process. We cautiously expect that the image degradation due to limited-angle tomography will not be severe for small lesions in the near-field when using a simple list- mode ordered-subsets EM algorithm for the image reconstruction. We plan to continue characterizing the proposed imaging system in terms of adaptive imaging described by Barrett and limited angle tomography.
Adjuvant bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin in pathological stage II non-seminomatous testicular cancer: the Indiana University experience

Two cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) were evaluated as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with pathological stage II non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. Between 1985 and 1995, 86 patients with pathological stage II non-seminomatous testicular cancer were treated with two cycles of BEP. At retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) 49 patients (57%) had pathological stage II(A) (microscopic nodal metastases) and 37 (43%) had stage II(B) (gross nodal metastases). After RPLND, the patients received bleomycin, 30 units weekly for 8 weeks, etoposide (100 mg/m(2)) and cisplatin (20 mg/m(2)) each for 5 days every 28 days for two cycles as adjuvant chemotherapy. 4 patients were lost to follow-up. 10 patients (12%) developed granulocytopenic fever during their chemotherapy. Of the 82 evaluable patients all remained with no evidence of disease except for a single patient with a cervical nodal relapse of teratoma. This was resected and he remains disease free. Median follow-up has been 85 months (range: 42-173 months). In patients with fully resected stage II non-seminomatous germ cell tumour, two cycles of BEP were almost universally effective in preventing relapse.
Prevention of COPD Readmissions: A Work in Progress.

Patients discharged following in-patient stays for exacerbations of COPD often require unplanned return visits to the emergency department and/or readmission to the hospital. Twenty percent of Medicare-eligible patients (≥65 y old) admitted for COPD exacerbations have been reported to require
Using indicator organisms in performance standards for reducing pathogen occurrence on beef carcasses in the United States

Abstract Improvements in food hygienic production practices and intervention technologies have reduced the prevalence of pathogen-contaminated carcasses during slaughter. While this unequivocally reduces the risk of foodborne illness, the selection of microbiologic standards based on pathogens for application to raw meat and poultry commodities becomes more burdensome because of the large number of samples required to distinguish between good and poorly performing establishments. This study examines the feasibility of two alternative performance standards based on levels of APC contamination at different locations in the beef slaughter process. An example, based on the Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 contamination on beef carcasses in the United States provides a case study for the potential effectiveness of the indicator organism-based performance standards. In the example, a performance standard based on the reduction in log10 aerobic plate counts was shown to be superior to a performance standard based on setting a maximum log10 aerobic plate count on finished carcasses.
CO Reduction to CH3OSiMe3: Electrophile-Promoted Hydride Migration at a Single Fe Site.

One of the major challenges associated with developing molecular Fischer–Tropsch catalysts is the design of systems that promote the formation of C–H bonds from H2 and CO while also facilitating the release of the resulting CO-derived organic products. To this end, we describe the synthesis of reduced iron-hydride/carbonyl complexes that enable an electrophile-promoted hydride migration process, resulting in the reduction of coordinated CO to a siloxymethyl (LnFe-CH2OSiMe3) group. Intramolecular hydride-to-CO migrations are extremely rare, and to our knowledge the system described herein is the first example where such a process can be accessed from a thermally stable M(CO)(H) complex. Further addition of H2 to LnFe-CH2OSiMe3 releases CH3OSiMe3, demonstrating net four-electron reduction of CO to CH3OSiMe3 at a single Fe site.
Music-Based Services for Young People Experiencing Homelessness: Engaging Strengths and Creating Opportunities

This study explores a music studio in a transitional living program for young people experiencing homelessness. Using an ethnographic approach, data were collected to explore: (a) young people's ex...
Work-Related Quality of Life of US General Surgery Residents: Is It Really so Bad?

Purpose The quality of working life of US surgical residents has not been studied, and given the complexity of interaction between work and personal life there is a need to assess this interaction. We utilized a validated Work Related Quality of Life (WRQoL) questionnaire to evaluate the perceived work-related quality of life of general surgery residents, using a large, nationally representative sample in the United States. Methods Between January 2016 and March 2016, all US general surgery residents enrolled in an ACGME general surgery training program were invited to participate. The WRQoL scale measures perceived quality of life covering six domains: General Well-Being (GWB), Home-Work Interface (HWI), Job and Career Satisfaction (JCS), Control at Work (CAW), Working Conditions (WCS) and Stress at Work (SAW). Results After excluding for missing data, the final analysis included 738 residents. The average age was 30 (±3) years, of whom 287 (38.9%) were female, 272 (36.9%) were from a community hospital, and 477 (64.6%) were juniors (postgraduate year ≤ 3). Demographically, the respondents matched expected percentages. When male and female residents were compared, males had statistically better HWI (p Conclusions The nature of surgical residency and a surgical career may in fact be more “stressful” than other professions, yet may not translate into a worsened Quality of Life. Our findings suggest further study is needed to elucidate why female residents have or experience a lower perceived WRQoL than their male colleagues.
Fecal occult blood testing. Guidelines for follow-up after positive findings.

PreviewDeciding on an appropriate course of action after a positive result on fecal occult blood testing is a challenge for physicians. What is in the patient's best interest? Which diagnostic method is most thorough? In this article, Dr Matzen describes various follow-up options and explains why colonoscopy is today's diagnostic method of choice.
Self-reported adverse reactions associated with mycoprotein (Quorn-brand) containing foods.

Abstract Background Mycoprotein, which is produced by a mold and is the basis of Quorn-brand meat substitutes, is a novel cause of allergic and gastrointestinal reactions, but little information has been available on its associated symptomatology. Objective To describe the nature and frequency of adverse reactions to mycoprotein. Methods Self-reports of adverse reactions to mycoprotein were collected via a Web-based questionnaire ( www.quorncomplaints.org ) and then analyzed. Results Analysis of 1,752 adverse reactions found that Quorn products caused allergic and gastrointestinal symptoms, with some people experiencing both. Allergic reactions, including urticaria and anaphylaxis, occurred within 4 hours of consumption in 312 people. Of those reactions, 45.8%, 1 fatal, began within 1 hour of exposure. Of those 312 individuals, 188 (60.3%) reported repeated reactions after repeated consumption of Quorn, and 2 people experienced 8 reactions (13 people did not say whether they experienced more than 1 reaction). Quorn foods caused gastrointestinal symptoms, including emesis and diarrhea, within 8 hours of consumption in 1,692 people. Of the gastrointestinal symptoms, 66.6% occurred 46 to 180 minutes after consumption of the products. Symptoms ranged from mild nausea to emesis severe enough to warrant medical attention. Conclusion Mycoprotein may be causing numerous and sometimes life-threatening allergic and gastrointestinal reactions. The acceptance in the food supply of this nonessential ingredient deserves reconsideration.
Role of tertiary amines in enhancing trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation during chlorination of aromatic compounds and a natural organic matter extract

Tertiary amines are prevalent in waters due to anthropogenic inputs and are known to enhance organic compound degradation while increasing disinfection by-product (DBP) formation, via the strong chlorinating agent, R3N–Cl+. This study explored how tertiary amines can enhance trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) formation when various aromatic compounds (salicylic acid (SA), phenol (PHE) and resorcinol (RES)) and Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) are chlorinated. Four tertiary amines (2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), tributylamine (TBA), trimethylamine (TMA), and ranitidine (RAN)) were tested. In synthetic solutions, chloroform (CHCl3) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) were enhanced by up to 20× with tertiary amines, which also occurred at low amine doses ([tertiary amine]0 = 0.5 × [aromatic compound]0). Enhancement decreased with aromatic compound type where SA > PHE > or ≈ RES for CHCl3 and SA > PHE for TCAA. However, TBA and RAN generated up to 2.0 and 7.9% molar yields of TCAA and CHCl3, respectively, with free chlorine alone. With MES, enhancement was maximized at pH 7 while brominated THMs and HAAs were not enhanced upon bromide addition. Thus, THMs and HAAs were predicted to be enhanced via an aromatic compound reaction with R3N–Cl+ when not outcompeted by aromatic compound or tertiary amine reactions with free chlorine alone. SRFA exhibited no or limited CHCl3 and TCAA enhancement with MES, respectively, likely due to the presence of aromatic functional groups that strongly reacted with free chlorine alone. Overall, waters with low tertiary amine and bromide concentrations can potentially enhance THM and HAA formation when aromatic functional groups with low free chlorine reactivity are chlorinated.
Cone Beam CT

Cone beam computed tomography is a form of tomographic imaging. It is a derivative of multidetector computed tomography. CBCT is a technology characterized by compromises. As a consequence, CBCT has limited capabilities, most notably the inability to differentiate soft tissue densities and meager computational capacities of the image-processing system. The principal advantage of CBCT is its dimensional accuracy and high spatial resolution. Moreover, it is vastly less expensive and generally exhibits lower radiation dose than its forerunner, MDCT. A critical view of the literature reflects that the evidence-based applications of CBCT in craniomaxillofacial surgery are restricted.
West Valley: Remnant of the AEC

The events, regulations, and problems leading to the concept, construction, and limited operation of the Nuclear Fuel Service (NFS) reprocessing plant at West Valley, NY are reviewed. The effects of the changing climate of nuclear thinking on this reprocessing operation are emphasized. Changing government regulations relating to fuel reprocessing are discussed chronologically with respect to NFS's plight. The current status of wastes stored at West Valley is described. Some lessons learned from the West Valley operation and their influences on future fuel-reprocessing operations are highlighted. (BLM)
Chromosome Compaction: Output and Phase

The precise mechanism by which the Synechococcus elongatus circadian clock conveys information that temporally regulates global gene expression is unknown. A recent study demonstrated a circadian clock-regulated chromosome compaction rhythm with a period that matches that of a concurrent gene expression rhythm. Further chromosome compaction study suggests a relationship between dark-induced chromosome compaction and phase shifts in gene expression rhythms. Gene expression rhythms are known to be phase-shifted in a circadian time dependent manner by a 5-h dark treatment. These dark treatments have also been shown to induce complete chromosome compaction. Consistent with this correlation, two mutant alleles, cikA and kaiC20, confer altered phase-response phenotypes and lack dark-induced compaction. This chapter serves as an argument that chromosome compaction has a role in circadian clock-regulated gene expression patterns and, in particular, that the chromosome compaction state likely determines phase angle.
Cracks in materials possessing homogeneous anisotropy

The increasing use of advanced composite materials in high performance structures has brought a renewed interest in the analysis of materials possessing anisotropy and/or nonhomogeneity. Typically, the application involves filament-reinforced composites stacked in layers to form a laminate. The question of whether the mechanical behavior of such composites can be adequately described by the theory of homogeneous anisotropic elasticity does not possess a general answer. Each situation must be analyzed individually depending on the mechanical properties of the structural elements and construction of the composite system. A comparison between the theory of homogeneous anisotropy and nonhomogeneous isotropy has been made by Sih et al. [1] for the fracture of filament-reinforced composites.
Household Responses to Major Economic Change in Poland: A Theoretical Framework

This paper presents the outlines of a model for cross-sectional examination of household responses to major societal events developed in the context of the economic transition in Poland and other Eastern European countries. Assumed in the model is the idea that households have relatively stable norms and values that are used to evaluate conditions in various life domains. When major economic changes produce imbalances between (a) norms and values, and (b) domains conditions, the household engages in predictable, understandable responses in the form of adjustment, adaptation, or regeneration.
NEGOTIATION FOR STARTING SALARY: ANTECEDENTS AND OUTCOMES AMONG RECENT COLLEGE GRADUATES

Recent college graduates were surveyed to explore factors associated with both negotiation propensity as well as success in raising initial salary offers through negotiation. The average payoff associated with negotiation was over $1,500, while the offers of those who did not negotiate increased negligibly. Applicants given the option to present their salary needs negotiated at higher rates than those who were not, and individuals who had prior work experience were more likely to receive this option. Women were no less likely to engage in negotiation than men, and experienced similar success as a result of their efforts.