cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of the Three Hypothesized Integrin-Binding Sites in Fibrinogen to Platelet-Mediated Clot Retraction

Fibrinogen is a plasma protein that interacts with integrin α IIb β 3 to mediate a variety of platelet responses including adhesion, aggregation, and clot retraction. Three sites on fibrinogen have been hypothesized to be critical for these interactions: the Ala-Gly-Asp-Val (AGDV) sequence at the C-terminus of the γ chain and two Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequences in the Aα chain. Recent data showed that AGDV is critical for platelet adhesion and aggregation, but not retraction, suggesting that either one or both of the RGD sequences are involved in clot retraction. Here we provide evidence, using engineered recombinant fibrinogen, that no one of these sites is critical for clot retraction; fibrinogen lacking all three sites still sustains a relatively normal, albeit delayed, retraction response. Three fibrinogen variants with the following mutations were examined: a substitution of RGE for RGD at position Aα 95-97, a substitution of RGE for RGD at position Aα 572-574, and a triple substitution of RGE for RGD at both Aα positions and deletion of AGDV from the γ chain. Retraction rates and final clot sizes after a 20-minute incubation were indistinguishable when comparing the Aα D97E fibrinogen or Aα D574E fibrinogen with normal recombinant fibrinogen. However, with the triple mutant fibrinogen, clot retraction was delayed compared with normal recombinant fibrinogen. Nevertheless, the final clot size measured after 20 minutes was the same size as a clot formed with normal recombinant fibrinogen. Similar results were observed using platelets isolated from an afibrinogenemic patient, eliminating the possibility that the retraction was dependent on secretion of plasma fibrinogen from platelet α-granules. These findings indicate that clot retraction is a two-step process, such that one or more of the three putative platelet binding sites are important for an initial step in clot retraction, but not for a subsequent step. With the triple mutant fibrinogen, the second step of clot retraction, possibly the development of clot tension, proceeds with a rate similar to that observed with normal recombinant fibrinogen. These results are consistent with a mechanism where a novel site on fibrin is involved in the second step of clot retraction.
Deaths associated with laparoscopic sterilization in the United States, 1977-79.

This report is concerned only with those deaths in the U.S. identified to date that were attributable to laparoscopic sterilization. In 1979 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) asked state health departments and state maternal mortality review committees for assistance in identifying deaths attributable to tubal sterilization. A sterilization attributable death was considered to be a death resulting from complications of the operation itself the chain of events that lead to death and were initiated by the operation or aggravation of an unrelated condition by the physiologic or pharmacologic effects of the operation. 9 deaths attributable to laparoscopic sterilization that occurred after January 1 1977 were identified. 5 of these deaths were reported to have been caused by cardiorespiratory arrests that occurred during the use of general anesthesia. 5 deaths were reviewed in detail. 1 patient died from an irreversible heart block that occurred intraoperatively. Of the other 4 deaths 1 was related to the method of entry into the abdominal cavity; 3 were related to a single method of tubal occlusion. This series of 9 deaths represents an unknown fraction of the deaths that occurred following laparoscopic sterilization from 1977 through 1979. As many as 750000 laparoscopic sterilizations were performed during that period. Thus far the most frequently reported cause of death from laparoscopic sterilization was cardiorespiratory arrest occurring during general anesthesia.
Submillimeter-Wave Radar: Solid-State System Design and Applications

For decades, the principal role of microwave engineering techniques in the submillimeter (submm)-wave, or terahertz (THz), regime, spanning about 300 GHz-3 THz, has been to optimize the performance of components and systems used in molecular spectroscopy measurements for astronomy, earth science, and plasma diagnostics [1]. THz applications beyond spectroscopy have been much slower to develop. Ultrahigh bandwidth communication at THz frequencies may have the most powerful market forces to support it, but no systems have been deployed beyond the prototype stage, likely because of the unavailability of commercial submm-wave components, challenges with integrating them with existing communications hardware, and the often severe atmospheric attenuation.
COLLABORATION MULTIPLIER: ADVANCING A MULTI-SECTORAL APPROACH TO PREVENTING VIOLENCE AND UNINTENTIONAL INJURY

Injury and violence are among the most serious public health challenges facing our communities. Injuries are the leading cause of death for Americans 1–44, resulting in over $406 billion in health costs and lost productivity. At the same time, pervasive violence results in substantial health effects; over 740 000 youth are treated in the ER annually as a result of violence, the second leading cause of death for youth 10–24. While unintentional and intentional injury prevention advocates have traditionally been siloed from each other, there are benefits to coordinating efforts. Understanding partner intentions and motivations, perspectives on the issue at hand, communication styles, professional and community cultures, and varying interests, values, and missions can lead to more effective collaboration. Informed by years of experience working collaboratively with a range of diverse organisations on community prevention efforts, Prevention Institute developed Collaboration Multiplier, a framework for community stakeholders and decision makers to learn more about each other and identify ways of working together. Advocates from both unintentional and intentional injury fields can engage groups across a multitude of sectors and disciplines, including public health, policymakers, planners, law enforcement, educators, community-based organisations, and health care providers to leverage expertise, share data and best practices, and maximise their collective impact. This presentation will share the lessons learned from various community efforts utilising multi-sector collaboration and introduce a tool for delineating potential roles for unintentional and intentional injury advocates to engage in strategies to create safe and equitable communities.
Impact of stand features of short-rotation poplar plantations on canker disease incidence at a mesoscale landscape:a case study in Qingfeng County,Henan Province,China

Landscape pathology is a research approach that can provide validation of the effectiveness of regional controls of forest disease at landcape scale on the rate of pathogen spread,occurrence and severity of diseases.So far few studies have been made on the disease epidemics in poplar plantations at landscape scale in China using the approaches and principles of landscape pathology.Little guidance is available for disease control for the managed poplar short-rotation forestry(SRF) communities at a landscape scale in China,which has the largest area of poplar SRF plantations in the world.Here we reported the results from the first study in China using the approach of landscape pathology on the occurrence characteristics of the disease syndromes in the short-rotation poplar plantations in Qingfeng County,Henan Province.We analyzed the effects of some stand characteristics of plantations on disease incidence(DI) and disease severity index(DSI) of individual trees.Within a 100km2 area,DI varied significantly with stand age(F=4.711,P0.001),tree densities(F= 3.890,P=0.021) and the degree of canopy closure(F=11.122,P0.001).DI in the stands younger than 4 years old was significantly lower than that in the stands older than 6 years old.DI reached the highest value at a stand age of 8 to 10 years.Overall DI was positively correlated with stand age(ranging from 1 to 12 years old)(R2=0.281,P0.001),stands density(R2=0.195,P=0.003),and the degree of canopy closure(R2=0.246,P0.001).DI was significantly lower in agro-forest stand patch than in other three patch types,i.e.isolated patch,pure stand patch and mixed stand patch.On the other hand,DSI was not significantly correlated with stand density,but varied significantly with tree varieties(F=2.693,P=0.013) and trees ages(F=1.917,P=0.004).DSI was highest in the stand about 10 to 12 years old for all poplar varieties we studied here.DSI of triploid clone of Populus tomentosa was significantly higher than all other varieties.Plantation density and plantation age were thus critical factors determining DI and DSI.Adjustment of stand density by thinning at different plantation age is a key approach to control the occurrence and epidemic of disease in short-rotation poplar plantations at landscape scale.Planting mode,which for instance develops short-rotation coppice culture with high density and 2 to 4 years rotation for biomass harvest,was also an effective way to prevent outbreaks of disease by avoiding higher DI and DSI occurred in the stands with longer rotation.Our study found that P.deltoids Bartr.CI.Lux I-69/55 and triploid clone of P.tomentosa were not suitable for large diameter timber in this area due to their high DSI after 6-year-old.Our study here shows that landscape pathology can help discriminate adaptive abilities of different varieties/clones in the same geographical region under the same climate and soil conditions.
MO-E-BRB-03: Panel Member

In this interactive session, lung SBRT patient cases will be presented to highlight real-world considerations for ensuring safe and accurate treatment delivery. An expert panel of speakers will discuss challenges specific to lung SBRT including patient selection, patient immobilization techniques, 4D CT simulation and respiratory motion management, target delineation for treatment planning, online treatment alignment, and established prescription regimens and OAR dose limits. Practical examples of cases, including the patient flow thought the clinical process are presented and audience participation will be encouraged. This panel session is designed to provide case demonstration and review for lung SBRT in terms of (1) clinical appropriateness in patient selection, (2) strategies for simulation, including 4D and respiratory motion management, and (3) applying multi imaging modality (4D CT imaging, MRI, PET) for tumor volume delineation and motion extent, and (4) image guidance in treatment delivery. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the established requirements for patient selection in lung SBRT 2. Become familiar with the various immobilization strategies for lung SBRT, including technology for respiratory motion management 3. Understand the benefits and pitfalls of applying multi imaging modality (4D CT imaging, MRI, PET) for tumor volume delineation and motion extent determination for lung SBRT 4. Understand established prescription regimes and OAR dose limits
Childhood Geographies and Spatial Justice: Making Sense of Place and Space-Making as Political Acts in Education

This post-qualitative research analyzes the spatialized practices of young people within a working-class community and how those guided the opening and facilitating of a local community center. Seeing place-making as a social and political act, the authors were inspired by Heath’s classic study and argument that children’s education might be better served if educators understood and built on their community-based language practices. Writing through theories of new materialism, spatiality, and children’s geographies, we build an argument for spatial justice by considering the ways educational scholars and educators might understand and build on children’s community-based spatial practices.
Application of the Variational Method in Objective Analysis of Mountain Flow

The major difficulty with determination of flows near mountains is the lack of upper air observations in and around mountain regions. When spacially sparse wind observations are used to diagnose flow near mountains, the result from most objective analysis schemes is that the amount of air that passes over the mountain is significantly overestimated, while the flow moving around the mountain is underestimated. There seems to be a general inability of available data to fully resolve the latter component. The dynamic responses to flow moving over versus around a mountain can be quite different and thus it is important to develop diagnostic or initialization schemes which can consistently provide a proper partioning of the flow, given only a few scattered upstream upper air observations.
Language Priming by Music and Speech: Evidence of a Shared Processing Mechanism

Some sounds from music and language follow domain-specific syntactic rules and may be processed by distinct brain regions. However, domain-general mechanisms may explain some connections between music and language. The current study tested how rate differences in music and language perception influence the subsequent production of speech. In two experiments, participants were primed with fast or slow sentences (Experiment 1) or melodies (Experiment 2) and then produced novel picture descriptions. Participants’ rate of production was influenced by the rate of the prime, both within-domain (language-language) and cross-domain (music-language). A shared mechanism for domain-general rate processing is proposed.
HBench: JGC - an application-specific benchmark suite for evaluating JVM garbage collector performance

As Java becomes a viable platform for server applications, performance becomes a greater concern. An important aspect of Java Virtual Machine performance is its dynamic memory management system (garbage collection or GC). Traditional GC benchmarking often focuses on a set of fixed applications. As a result, when an actual application's memory behavior differs from that of the standard benchmarks, the benchmark results do not help the user judge which GC implementation suits her application the best. In this paper, we present HBench:JGC, an application-specific benchmarking suite, based on the idea that a system's performance be measured in the context of a specific application. HBench:JGC employs a methodology that characterizes the application memory usage and the GC implementation independently and carefully combines both characterizations to form a single metric that reflects a particular application's performance in the presence of a particular GC implementation. We evaluate our approach on Sun Microsystems's JDK1.2.2 classic JVM with a sequential mark-sweep GC. Our results demonstrate HBench:JGC's unique predictive power and its ability to provide meaningful metrics that lead to a better understanding of GC performance.
Effects of Al3+ and Be2+ ions combined with NaF on ciliary process adenylyl cyclase activity and aqueous humor dynamics in the rabbit eye.

Purpose. The activity of Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , and Be 2+ ions in the presence of NaF to directly activate G-proteins was investigated by their potentiative effect on forskolin (FSK)-activated adenylyl cyclase in rabbit ciliary process membranes and their effects on aqueous humor dynamics in vivo. Methods. Adenylyl cyclase (AC) was determined by radiometric conversion of ATP to cAMP by the paniculate fraction of rabbit ciliary processes. Intravitreal injections of sterile solutions of analytical grade salts were made into the center of the vitreous in a volume of 20 /ul. Intraocular pressure, aqueous humor flow, and uveoscleral outflow measurements were made by pneumatonometry, fluorophotometry, and fluorescein-dextran method, respectively. Outflow facility was determined by tonography in the intact eyes and by two-level constant pressure perfusion in cannulated eyes. Results. Both Al 3+ (EC50, 40 Mmol/1) and Be 2+ (EC50, 11 fimol/\) in the presence of 0.5-2 mM NaF activated the stimulatory G-protein Gs. Ga 3+ was ineffective and did not antagonize the activation by Al 3+ . Intravitreal injections of Al 3+ (1 /umol/eye) or Be 2+ (0.5 or 1 ^mol/eye) had no significant intraocular pressure (IOP) effect, nor did 1.5 or 3 jumol/eye of NaF, but when either cation was injected together with NaF, IOP decreased by up to 40% for up to 140 hr. At the time of maximum IOP effect (72 hr) aqueous humor flow determined by fluorophotometry was decreased in BeCl2+NaF-treated eyes by 40% relative to BeCl2-treated eyes; however, tonographic facility of outflow was unaffected. Uveoscleral flow was also decreased by 38% in BeCl2+NaF treated eyes. Conclusions. These findings support the hypothesis that Gs activation of ciliary process adenylyl cyclase decreases aqueous humor formation rate in rabbit eyes, and that activation of G-proteins mediates contraction of ciliary muscles causing a decrease of aqueous humor outflow via the uveoscleral route. The results suggest that G-proteins putatively involved in trabecular facility changes are less sensitive to activation by BeF3~ than are other parameters of aqueous humor dynamics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993;34:606-612.
Estrone biodegradation in laboratory-scale systems designed for total nitrogen removal from wastewater

Changes in regional regulations are causing a shift towards the implementation of total nitrogen removal technologies. Conventional nitrification systems do not remove total nitrogen, instead only oxidizing ammonia and ammonium in the influent to nitrate. Conventional nitrification does, however, result in degradation of estrone (E1), a major contributor to the estrogenicity of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. The objective of this research was to provide guidance on the impact that changes in wastewater treatment practices could have on E1 degradation. This was accomplished by comparing E1 removal in a laboratory-scale conventional nitrification system with that in a range of idealized laboratory-scale systems designed to remove total nitrogen from wastewater: the modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) system (a two-stage anaerobic–aerobic system with recycle), a granular activated sludge system (cycled anaerobic–aerobic), a sequencing batch reactor (cycled anaerobic–aerobic), and an anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) system. As anticipated, E1 removal was excellent when fed to the nitrification, MLE, and sequencing batch reactors, at >96% mean E1 loss. The granular activated sludge system operated in our laboratory failed to remove E1, which was perhaps not unexpected given the high COD loading under which our system was operated. Despite the anaerobic nature of anammox, it also resulted in excellent E1 removal (95% mean E1 loss) without concomitant 17β-estradiol production. This work demonstrates that the choice of nitrogen removal technology used by a treatment plant could have an impact on the estrogenicity of WWTP effluent, but low energy total nitrogen removal systems do exist that are capable of excellent E1 removal.
CuGaSe2 and AgInSe2: Preparation and properties of single crystals

Abstract Single crystal samples of the ternary semiconductors CuGaSe 2 and AgInSe 2 have been prepared by means of zone levelling techniques. Electrical and optical measurements give the following principal results for CuGaSe 2 : E g (thermal) = 1⋯63 eV, E g (optical) = 1⋯60 eV, μ p (300° K ) = 24 cm 2 / V - sec , N p (300° K ) = 1⋯6 × 10 14 cm −3 . The results for AgInSe 2 are: E g (thermal) = 1⋯15 eV; E g (optical) = 1⋯22 eV. The results of a variety of other measurements are given.
Phonetics, phonology and social meaning

Linguistic variation has consistently been found to have social meaning in its association with the status and stance of speakers in the context of interaction. This indexical function of variation can contribute to the advancement of ongoing linguistic change. Style shifting in individual sociolinguistic interviews is an indirect indication of social meaning, but the clearest demonstrations are found in studies of speakers in a range of social contexts. We explore and clarify the nature of social meaning in variation, and its relation to linguistic change. Phonological variables are most readily adapted to convey social meaning by their frequency, flexibility and freedom from referential functions. After providing several kinds of evidence of social meaning in phonological variation, we argue that meaning accrues specifically to concrete sounds – to phonetic elements – and not to the phonological structures in which those sounds participate. Mergers, near mergers, splits, chain shifts and parallel shifts are not generally objects of social perception, conscious or unconscious, and are motivated by more abstract principles of change.
Kant and Herbart: The Initiation of Conceptual Psychology

The “Copernican Revolution” which Kant identified as an equivalent to his work in The Critique of Pure Reason is commonly used as the starting point for modern philosophy. This text delineated a watershed between the study of philosophy as affiliated with theology or moral philosophy and a philosophy whose standards were to be likened to those of the emerging physical sciences. Before Kant’s work, a majority of philosophical treatises addressed not only problems of knowledge and cognition, but also ontology, eschatology, and theism, without differentiating greatly between what today seem to be very different disciplines. Kant’s Critiques changed the course of philosophy: he belied the existence of a general philosophy accommodating such different realms of investigation. Instead, he advocated a general set of philosophical procedures which could be applied to various objects, as he himself did in the Critique of Practical Reason and the Critique of Judgment. 1 Kant initiated a renewal in methodology for the human sciences that was to effect the entire nineteenth century.
Supply Chain Debt Financing in Competition

The seminal paper of Brander and Lewis (1986) concludes that debt financing causes two firms that engage in a Cournot game to behave more aggressively in the product market. However, both firms are worse off than if they are purely equity financed, resulting in the so-called prisonerâ€™s dilemma. Incorporating two supply chain structures, distributional and parallel, we explore the effect of supply chain upstream structure on the downstream retailersâ€™ strategic use of debt. We find that this prisoner dilemma persists because the upstream benefits from the intensified downstream competition. Moreover, the supply expansion effect is more pronounced in the parallel structure than in the distributional one, because each dedicated supplier in the parallel structure abets its retailer to compete more aggressively against the competitor by lowering its wholesale price. Therefore, the strategic effect of debt financing not only deters the competitor but also â€œsqueezesâ€ its supplier. In contrast, the common supplier in the distributional structure adopts an inertia strategy, keeping the same price regardless of the downstreamâ€™s debt levels because overheated downstream competition may be detrimental to it.
Modeling Net Growth of Phaeocystis antarctica Based on Physiological and Optical Responses to Light and Temperature Co-limitation

Temperature and light are fundamental environmental variables which regulate phytoplankton growth rates when nutrients are in excess. For polar coastal oceans that are undergoing changes in sea ice cover and warming, light and temperature are particularly important for bloom dynamics. Using colonial Phaeocystis antarctica cultures grown at steady-state, we assessed the combined effect of these two environmental controls on net growth rate (n), chlorophyll-specific absorption of light (a*ph ()), and quantum yields for growth (). Specific net growth rates (n) varied from 0.04 to 0.34 day-1 within a matrix of light and temperature ranging from 14 to 542 mol quanta m-2 s-1 and –1.5 to 4C. Values of a*ph () varied significantly with light but only slightly with temperature. Values of  ranged from 0.003 to 0.09 mol C (mol quanta absorbed)-1 with highest values at low light and 4oC. For excess irradiances or low temperatures where growth rate is inhibited, quantum yields were low. The low μ values are attributed both to increased absorption by photoprotective pigments compared to photosynthetic pigments and thermodynamic control of dark reaction enzymes. The systematic changes in photophysiological properties of P. antarctica in relation to temperature and light were used to develop a series of nested light- and temperature-dependent models for n, a*ph (), and . A model for a*ph (300-700 nm) was developed that takes into account the systematic changes in a*ph () due to pigment packaging effects and cellular concentrations of chlorophylls and photoprotective pigments. Also, a model for  was developed based on a cumulative one-hit Poisson probability function. These model parameterizations for absorption and quantum yield are combined into an overall model of net growth that can be applied easily to Phaeocystis antarctica bloom dynamics using remote sensing data for temperature, light, and chlorophyll a. Furthermore modeling based on the biophysical variables a*ph (), and  that are shown to regulate the growth rate provides a more fundamental mechanistic approach compared to other modeling methods that do not explicitly resolve photon flux into the cell or the quantum yield.
Accelerated Predictive Stability (APS) Regulatory Strategies

Abstract The application and the global regulatory reception to the use of APS approaches for the assignment of storage conditions, packaging configurations, and use periods/expiry for solid oral dosage forms are discussed. Clinical stability programs are designed to support and underwrite drug product use period assignments for specified storage conditions and packaging configurations. Some Health Authorities require a proposed clinical use period in the clinical trial applications (CTAs). The use of APS studies enables the justification of an initial use period, storage conditions, and packaging configuration based on tailored and science-based accelerated stability studies. The regulatory reception and feedback on the use of APS data in regulatory submissions will be discussed. Opportunities for the application of similar approaches for drug products in the initial marketing applications (MAs) and postapproval applications will be discussed. Some of these examples include, but are not limited to, changes to commercial packaging and minor changes to drug product composition and processes.
Radionuclide Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) provides a quantitative measure of renal function and can be used as an indicator of renal dysfunction. The clinical indications for the radionuclide determination of GFR in pediatrics are broad. A quantitative direct determination of GFR can be helpful in the evaluation and management of renal disease. Radionuclide GFR determination may be especially useful when GFR estimation based on creatinine may be unreliable or in the setting of systemic disease, such as diabetes mellitus or recovering hemolytic uremic syndrome. Radionuclide GFR can be used to monitor the renal effects of nephrotoxic drugs and for individual dose adjustment of chemotherapy in patients with potentially impaired renal function. A radionuclide GFR determination also can be used to confirm the suitability of a potential renal transplant donor.
Educating America’s Military Officers

The military officer education continuum reflects the dynamic system of officer career education. It is a comprehensive frame of reference depicting the progressive nature of education guiding an officer's individual development over time. The continuum structures the development of service and joint officers by organizing the field into five military educational levels: pre-commissioning, primary, intermediate, senior, and general/flag officer. It defines the focus of each educational level in terms of the major levels of war (tactical, operational, and strategic) and links the educational levels so each builds upon the knowledge and values gained in previous levels.
Are We Ready to Weather Urban Air Mobility (UAM)

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a system for passenger and air cargo transportation within an urban area. It includes small package delivery and other urban unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and supports a mix of onboard piloted, ground-piloted and increasingly autonomous operations. UAM is developing rapidly due to advances in technology. Several aerospace and vehicle manufacturers are developing automated aerial vehicle and piloted aerial vehicle prototypes, and pilot projects are underway in Dubai and planned for Dallas and Los Angeles in the early 2020s. The UAM market is broad and includes potential applications such as air taxi, personal commuting, air ambulance, and law enforcement. Due to the recent emergence of this technology, there has been little research into the potentially significant weather impacts on safety, cost, and efficiency of UAM operations and vehicles.Conducted as part of a comprehensive UAM market assessment, this research identifies potential key weather barriers to UAM due to a variety of weather conditions and public perception of flying in adverse weather. To characterize challenging weather conditions, a comprehensive seasonal and diurnal climatology was generated based on historical observations across anticipated UAM operational altitudes (surface – 5000 ft AGL) at ten focus urban areas in the United States. Weather related societal barriers to UAM were evaluated through a large general population survey where respondents were asked about their views regarding flying in a UAM vehicle amid various adverse weather conditions. Regional variability in weather conditions and potential barriers were also evaluated and will be described.
EDITORIAL: Interdisciplinarity and Instructional Design in Technology

Higher education today is still constructed through discipline-based approaches. To build a true interdisciplinary curriculum, instructional designers must begin with student needs and expected learning outcomes, which are not discipline specific. It is our hope that, in the near future, instructional design and technology programs will become more visible in the university settings as fine examples of interdisciplinary teaching and research.
Endocrine regulation of regeneration: Linking global signals to local processes

Regeneration in amphibians and reptiles has been explored since the early 18th century, giving us a working in vivo model to study epimorphic regeneration in vertebrates. Studies aiming to uncover primary mechanisms of regeneration have predominantly focused on genetic pathways regulating specific stages of the regeneration process: wound healing, blastema formation and growth, and pattern formation. However, studies across organisms show that environmental conditions and physiological state of the animal can affect the rate or quality of regeneration, and endocrine signals are likely the mediators of these effects. Endocrine signals working/acting directly on receptors expressed in the structure or via neuroendocrine pathways can affect regeneration by modulating immune response to injury, allocation of energetic resources, or by enhancing or inhibiting proliferation and differentiation pathways in regenerating tissue. This review discusses the cumulative knowledge known about endocrine regulation of regeneration and important future research directions of interest to both ecological and biomedical research.
Applications of Hierarchical Test

Advanced technology nodes enable chip designs to have more functionality and more complexity, but are more prone to manufacturing defects due to smaller dimensions. Hierarchical test is a recent partitioned-test method designed to ease computing resources and run times required for automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) on very large designs. This paper discusses the general architecture and details of our implementation, including improved parallel testing of identical logic blocks. Results from three production designs, presented as a case study, show the benefits of using hierarchical test on very large designs.
The Return Back to Typical Practice from the "Battle Plan" of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Comparative Study.

Background Every aspect of the medical field has been heavily affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and neurosurgical services are no exception. Several departments have reported their experiences and protocols to provide insights for others impacted. The goals of this study are to report the load and variety of neurosurgical cases and clinic visits after discontinuing the COVID-19 Battle Plan at an academic tertiary care referral center to provide insights for other departments going through the same transition. Methods The clinical data of all patients who underwent a neurosurgical intervention between May 4, 2020, and June 4, 2020 were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. Data of the control group were retrospectively collected from the medical records to compare the types of surgeries/interventions and clinic visits performed by the same neurosurgical service before the COVID-19 pandemic started. Results One hundred sixty-one patients underwent neurosurgical interventions, and seven-hundred one patients were seen in clinic appointments, in the 4-week period following easing back from our COVID-19 “Battle Plan.” Discontinuing the “Battle Plan” resulted in increases in case load to above-average practice after a week but a continued decrease in clinic appointments throughout the 4 weeks compared with average practice. Conclusions As policy-shaping crises like pandemics abate, easing back to “typical” practice can be completed effectively by appropriately allocating resources. This can be accomplished by anticipating increases in neurosurgical volume, specifically in the functional/epilepsy and brain tumor subspecialties, as well as continued decreases in neurosurgical clinic volume, specifically in elective spine.
Late Prompt Fission Gamma Rays from 235U(n,f) and 252Cf(sf)

Two measurements of fission γ rays were performed with the DANCE and NEUANCE arrays using the reactions 235 U(n, f ) and 252 Cf(sf). Utilizing the fast time response of the detectors and a method for estimating the accidental background, we obtained the energy spectrum of the late prompt fission γ rays as a function of the time since fission. The experimental results are compared with predictions of the code CGMF folded with GEANT4 simulations of the detector response.
The Use of Minimally Invasive RPLND in the Treatment of Para-Testicular Rhabdomyosarcoma in the Pediatric Population

Para-testicular rhabdomyosarcoma represents a significant portion of malignant pediatric scrotal tumors. Treatment of this tumor requires a multi-disciplinary approach, however surgery, including a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, remains an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the treatment of this disease. Traditional approaches have been via open surgery, however with the advent of the robotic platform, minimally invasive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with sound oncologic principles is now possible. Advantages of the robotic approach include decreased morbidity and enhanced recovery compared to the open approach. In this chapter, we describe the technique for a minimally invasive robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.
Switching Performance Analysis of 3.5 kV Ga 2 O 3 Power FinFETs

This article presents switching performance analysis of a normally-off 3.5 kV $\beta $ -Ga2O3 power FinFET using Silvaco TCAD simulation platform. The simulated electric field and OFF-state capacitances at a drain voltage ( ${V}_{\text {D}}{)}$ of 3.5 kV were compared for FinFETs with two different structures: (i) 30-nm-thick Al2O3 in the planar regions and partially-filled (PF) inter-fin areas and (ii) 130-nm-thick Al2O3 in the planar regions and fully-filled (FF) inter-fin areas. The FF FinFET showed a smaller OFF-state ${C}_{\text {GS}}$ and ${C}_{\text {GD}}$ and the thicker Al2O3 significantly reduced peak electric field at the corner of the fin. Therefore, via TCAD device-circuit-integrated model, the impact of electron mobility in the MOS channel, bulk fin and drift region, and the substrate thickness on the device switching performances were investigated on a single-fin FF FinFET structure. The device with 100- $\mu \text{m}$ -thick substrate and ideal drift region and fin mobilities of 180 cm2/Vs showed 82.6% improvement in the total switching time and 82.2% lower switching losses compared with the device which had thicker substrate thickness ( $600~\mu \text{m}$ ) and lower electron mobilities in the drift region (130 cm2/Vs), bulk fin (30 cm2/Vs), and MOS channel (2 cm2/Vs). Moreover, the switching performance of multifin FF FinFETs with different fin width/pitch ratio was studied. At a given pitch size of 700 nm, the total power loss of the input power at a frequency of 200 kHz was reduced from 0.83% to 0.61% as pitch ratio reduced from 57.1% to 14.3%. These findings provide helpful insights for design and fabrication of Ga2O3 FinFETs with enhanced switching performance for low-waste power conversion applications.
Update on mesothelioma diagnosis and classification

Abstract Significant progress in the diagnosis and classification of pleural mesothelioma has been made in the past 5 years. Novel biomarkers are now entering more widespread use following major advances in understanding the genomic landscape of the malignancy. As the diagnosis and management of mesothelioma becomes more multidisciplinary together with the increasing role of histopathology in providing additional prognostic information to guide downstream management, we review herein newly proposed prognostic variables, diagnostic biomarkers, utility of pleural effusion cytology in diagnosis, and mesothelioma surgery. A section on the upcoming WHO classification on malignant pleural mesothelioma is also included.
Synthesis of C-acyl furanosides via the cross-coupling of glycosyl esters with carboxylic acids.

C-Acyl furanosides are versatile synthetic precursors to a variety of natural products, nucleoside analogues, and pharmaceutical molecules. This report addresses the unmet challenge in preparing C-acyl furanosides by developing a cross-coupling reaction between glycosyl esters and carboxylic acids. A key step is the photoredox activation of the glycosyl ester, which promotes the homolysis of the strong anomeric C–O bond through CO2 evolution to afford glycosyl radicals. This method embraces a large scope of furanoses, pyranoses, and carboxylic acids, and is readily applicable to the synthesis of a thymidine analogue and diplobifuranylone B, as well as the late-stage modification of (+)-sclareolide. The convenient preparation of the redox active glycosyl ester from native sugars and the compatibility with common furanoses exemplifies the potential of this method in medicinal chemistry.
Routine Versus Selective Liver Biopsy During Bariatric Surgery: Postoperative Outcomes and Preoperative Predictors of NASH.

Background Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is common in patients with obesity. Liver biopsy (LB) can be routinely or selectively performed during bariatric surgery to identify patients with NASH. Methods Patients undergoing bariatric surgery between 2016 and 2020 at our institution were identified. Chart review identified patients undergoing concurrent LB. LB results were compared between patients undergoing routine LB and selective LB. Patient demographics and postoperative outcomes were compared between those who received LB and those who did not (non-LB). In the LB cohort, preoperative characteristics of patients with NASH were compared to those without NASH, and multivariable regression was used to identify predictors of NASH. Results Two thousand three hundred ninety-three patients were identified, of which 400 (16.7%) had liver biopsies (LB) and 1,993 (83.3%) did not (non-LB). Three hundred thirty LB were performed routinely, and 70 were selective. Compared to selective LB, routine LB identified significantly higher rates of steatosis (83.6% vs. 4.5%, p 40 (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.43-5.67) and insulin-dependent diabetes (OR 4.83, 95% CI 1.70-13.69) were associated with a higher odds of NASH, while Black race was associated with lower odds (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.65). Conclusions Routine liver biopsies during bariatric surgery identify higher rates of advanced NAFLD compared to selective biopsies, and can be safely performed without an increased risk of postoperative complications.
Piscivorous Mammalian Wildlife as Sentinels of Methylmercury Exposure and Neurotoxicity in Humans

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of how piscivorous (fish-eating) wildlife can be used to complement existing public health strategies to assess the neurotoxic risks of methylmercury. A brief introduction concerning the use of wildlife as model sentinel organisms in the field of environmental neurotoxicology is provided. Next, selected scientific examples are detailed that illustrate how data from piscivorous wildlife may provide pertinent, real-world information on the bioavailability of methylmercury and environmental exposures. Information concerning methylmercury’s subclinical (e.g., perturbations in brain neurochemistry and neuroendocrine hormones) and clinical (structural and functional deficits) neurological effects across organisms is also discussed.
Critical pedagogy 2.0: Researching the visual culture of marketing with teenage co-researchers

This article charts the progression of my critical teaching practice as it examines how the emancipatory critical pedagogy of the visual culture of marketing used in my master’s thesis study evolve...
Resource scheduling for adaptive systems

The author discusses the characteristics of the real-time scheduling technology for adaptive applications that have shared physical resources. >
Compensation of spatiotemporally varying disturbances in nonlinear transport processes via actuator scheduling

A new systematic framework is developed that allows the integration of a comprehensive actuator scheduling policy and a robust feedback controller synthesis method to be realized for the compensation of spatiotemporally varying disturbances for nonlinear transport processes modelled by parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). It is assumed that the process of interest has either multiple actuators and the desirable arrangement is to activate only one during a given time-interval, or there is a single actuator capable of moving at a priori selected positions within the spatial domain. Local feedback controller synthesis methods based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques are developed and realized through the linearization of a nonlinear finite-dimensional approximation of the original distributed parameter system obtained via a Galerkin discretization scheme. Furthermore, additional conditions are derived that ensure robustness with respect to a certain class of physically meaningful spatiotemporally varying disturbances. The value of an appropriately selected quadratic performance functional is then explicitly calculated by solving an actuator location-parameterized family of Lyapunov matrix equations, and subsequently optimized with respect to the set of admissible actuator locations. Finally, in order to illustrate the proposed method a typical nonlinear transport process modelled through Burgers' equation is considered, and its performance is evaluated through simulation studies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival in stage III colon cancer is independent of the total number of lymph nodes retrieved.

Background Retrieval of ≥ 12 lymph nodes has been set as a marker of quality for surgical resection for colon cancer. The aim of our study was to determine if increasing the number of lymph nodes recovered in stage III colon cancer results in improved survival and if it does represent a reasonable quality metric. Study Design Data from patients with stage III colon cancer from 1996 to 2001 were analyzed. Outcomes after operation (cancer-specific survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival) with or without adjuvant therapy were evaluated in 3 categories: the entire cohort, patients with N1, and patients with N2 disease. These categories were then classified into subgroups by the number of nodes (≤ 12 versus >12) retrieved per specimen and whether they had 5-FU−based chemotherapy or not. Results Three hundred twenty-nine patients, with a median followup of 5 years with stage III colon cancer, were identified. Five-year cancer-specific and disease-free survival was 67.2% and 59.7%, respectively. A positive correlation between number of positive lymph nodes and overall survival was found (p 12 versus ≤ 12) of lymph nodes removed either in the entire cohort or in patients with N1 (249 patients) and N2 (80 patients) disease. Conclusion Accurate staging requires an appropriate operation and a concerted pathologic effort to identify lymph nodes in the colon specimen. The total number of lymph nodes analyzed for stage III colon cancer is not a prognostic indicator of cancer-specific and disease-free survival.
Metabolic and physiologic studies of nonimmune lymphoid cells cytotoxic for fibroblastic cells in vitro.

An in vitro reaction between mouse lymphoid cells and target fibroblastic cells in wells of microtest plates, which appears to simulate the in vivo rejection of hemopoietic allografts, has been analyzed for metabolic and physiologic requirements. Protein synthesis was required for only the first few hours of culture. Inhibition of RNA synthesis and alteration of cell surface charge with various agents were without obvious effects. Metabolic slowing at 4/sup 0/C or deviation of the pH of the culture medium suppressed the reaction. Thymus cells, which are not cytotoxic in this system, significantly but not completely inhibited the cytotoxicity of lymph node cells. Antiserum directed against target cells specifically protected them from the cytotoxic lymphoid cells in the absence of complement. Precursors of cytotoxic lymphoid cells were radiosensitive, unlike the cytotoxic cells themselves. BALB/c anti-C57BL/6 spleen cell serum and /sup 89/Sr both are able to prevent rejection of marrow allografts in vivo. Lymphoid cells incubated with this antiserum plus complement lost much of their cytotoxicity but were still effective at high ratios of aggressor to target cells. Lymphoid cells of mice treated with /sup 89/Sr were effectively cytotoxic but lost practically all of their cytotoxicity after incubation with the antiserum plusmore » complement. Thus, it appears that this reaction detects two different cytotoxic lymphoid cells, either of which can function in vitro. Both cell types may need to cooperate in vivo during marrow allograft rejections.« less
A comparison of the electron beam sensitivities and relative oxygen plasma etch rates of various organosilicon polymers

Abstract A study of the electron beam sensitivities and oxygen plasma etch rates of a variety of organosilicon polymers is discussed. The particular structures investigated include polysiloxanes, polysilmethylenes, polysilazanes. polysilanes, polysilphenylenes, and organic polymers with side silyl groups. The influence of pendant organic groups and heteroatoms in the main polymer chain on the plasma etch rates and electron beam sensitivities is also addressed.