cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequences of Pseudomonas MWU13-2625 and MWU12-2115, Isolated from a Wild Cranberry Bog at the Cape Cod National Seashore.

ABSTRACT Two highly similar Pseudomonas sp. genome sequences from wetland bog soil isolates with draft genomes of ~6.3 Mbp are reported. Although the exact taxonomic placement and environmental roles of these bacteria are unclear, predicted genes for stress tolerance, antibiotic resistance, and a type VI secretion system were detected.
Clinical and Economic Outcomes of the Minimalist Approach for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

ABSTRACTBackground: To examine contemporary clinical and economic outcomes with the implementation of a minimalist program (MP) for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis. TAVR continues to evolve with the adoption of methods intended to maximize cost-savings while maintaining clinical effectiveness, patient safety, and satisfaction.Methods: A multidisciplinary collaboration was undertaken to develop a MP for transfemoral TAVR using conscious sedation anesthesia (CS) and resource optimization. Outcomes for 107 patients treated with MP were compared to 107 univariate-matched control patients who underwent TAVR with general anesthesia (GA).Results: There were no differences between the two groups with respect to demographics, aortic stenosis severity, morbidities, symptoms, or frailty. Procedural success, major adverse complications and quality of life were also comparable. During the use of MP, there were no conversions to GA. In comparison to control patients...
P156 Current State of Utilization of Theory Based, Behaviorally Focused Nutrition Education in Congregate and Home Delivered Meal Sites and Factors Contributing to its Use

Background By 2030, nearly 21% of the population will consist of older adults, 65 years and older, making adequate nutrition essential for health and quality of life. Congregate and home-delivered meal programs are an ideal setting to provide nutrition education for older adults that can promote successful aging. Objective To determine if nutrition educators working at congregate and home delivered meal sites were conducting theory-based and behaviorally focused nutrition education (TB-BF-NE) and whether dietetic professionals differ from non-dietetic professionals in their degree of conducting TB-BF-NE. Additionally, this study determined what educator factors influenced the degree to which TB-BF-NE was used. Study Design, Settings, Participants This cross-sectional study involved a national online survey for nutrition educators working with congregate and home-delivered meal programs. The questions that asked about TB-BF-NE had four scales related to the degree to which they: enhanced motivation, facilitated action, created supportive environments, and considered delivery methods. Participants were recruited via multiple listservs and a variety of agencies and organizations. Forty five states in the U.S. (n = 211) were represented. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Independent t-tests compared dietetic professionals (n = 102) versus non-dietetic professionals (n = 109) for each TB-BF-NE scale and total score. Multiple linear regression analysis determined if educator factors explained the variance in TB-BF-NE score. Results Dietetic professionals scored higher than non-dietetic professionals on all TB-BF-NE scales and total score (all P Conclusion For non-dietetic professionals, more training on TB-BF-NE—what it is, why it matters, and how to incorporate it into nutrition lessons—is needed. Additionally, having smaller groups, longer sessions, and conducting evaluation support TB-BF-NE and should be encouraged. Funding None.
Analysis of the Target Genes of Transcription Factor ZNF536 in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Lung cancer is becoming one of the most common and deadly cancers. We calculated the mutation frequency of all the transcription factors from the downloaded lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) data from TCGA and found ZNF536 had a relatively high mutation frequency. To further reveal the potential functional roles of ZNF536 on lung adenocarcinoma, RNA-Seq data of LUAD were downloaded, and classified into the mutant and wild groups based on ZNF536 mutant states, then the differentially expressed genes between these two groups were calculated. A p-value lower than 0.05 suggests a significant difference. As a result, among a total of 20,531 genes, 1,174 genes were upregulated and 863 genes were downregulated in the ZNF536 mutant group compared with the wild group. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these dysregulated genes were mainly related to cell cycle, mismatch repair, and DNA replication, and so on. By reviewing studies on lung ADC by other scientists, upregulated genes, HDAC2, EP300, MAPK1, KRAS, NRAS, which regulate the initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis of lung ADC cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ZNF536 plays a critical part in the development of lung ADC and may serve as a potential target for new medications in treating lung ADC.
A Natural History of Gastrojejunostomy Tubes in Children

Abstract Background Gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tubes are frequently used to provide nutrition in patients who do not tolerate gastric feeding. Despite their widespread use, there is little literature on the lifespan of GJ tubes, reasons for failure, and recommendations for optimal techniques and timing of replacement. We aimed to evaluate the natural history of GJ tubes in pediatric patients. Materials and methods We reviewed all pediatric patients who underwent GJ tube placement or exchange at our institution from January 2012 to July 2018. Demographic data, time, and indication for replacement or removal of GJ tubes were collected. End points were permanent removal of GJ tube or mortality. Results Seventy-nine patients underwent 205 GJ tube procedures with a median of 2 GJ tubes per patient. Median GJ tube lifespan was 98 d (interquartile range = 54-166). The two most common indications for tube exchange were structural or mechanical problems (43.1%) and GJ tube dislodgement (34.6%). Although most GJ tube exchanges (66%) were performed under general anesthesia or with moderate sedation, 34% of exchanges were done without sedation. During the study period, 12 patients (15.2%) died from their primary disease, nine patients (11.4%) required subsequent fundoplication, one (1.3%) underwent a jejunostomy, and 23 (29.1%) progressed to gastric feeds without fundoplication at a median time of 208 d. Conclusions GJ tubes offer a safe and effective feeding option in patients intolerant of gastric feeding. GJ tubes fail most commonly from intrinsic structural or mechanical issues, and many patients ultimately tolerate gastric feeds without need for further intervention. Exchange of tubes without anesthesia is a viable option.
Miniaturized folded metasurface hyperspectral imager

We demonstrate a miniaturized hyperspectral imager using the folded metasurface platform. Weighing 20mg in an 8.5-mm3 volume, the hyperspectral imager resolves ~70 spectral and ~400 angular points in 750–850nm range with a 30-degree field-of-view.
A sensitivity study on the response of convection initiation to in situ soil moisture in the central United States

Soil moisture can affect precipitation, however there is significant debate about the sign and strength of land–atmosphere coupling. This may be due to the differences regarding the selection of data sources, the presence of atmospheric persistence, and the spatial and temporal scales of the analysis. This study is a sensitivity analysis that quantifies how each of these factors influences land–atmosphere coupling in the central United States from 2005 to 2007. Four different sources of soil moisture are used to represent soil moisture: in situ measurements and three satellite products. The Thunderstorm Observation by Radar (ThOR) algorithm is used to identify convective events. The results show that warm-season afternoon convection initiates preferentially over dry soil, if in situ measurements are used. However, when satellite data are used the sign and strength of the soil moisture-precipitation coupling varies depending on which satellite dataset is used. This demonstrates that evaluations of land–atmosphere coupling strength are sensitive to the source of soil moisture. Our results also show that accounting for atmospheric persistence tends to weaken apparent land–atmosphere coupling. Changing the spatial scale of the analysis can also influence the sign and coupling strength. Analyses that are performed at a coarser spatial resolution tend to indicate a wet preference because they do not capture the local negative feedbacks. This study demonstrates that contradictions in the literature regarding the sign and strength of soil moisture-precipitation feedbacks can be partly attributed to differences in datasets, methods and scale of the analysis.
Tool chatter monitoring in turning operations using wavelet analysis of ultrasound waves

This paper presents a new method for tool chatter monitoring using the wavelet analysis of ultrasound waves. Ultrasound waves are pulsed through the cutting tool towards the nose and are reflected back off the cutting edge. Fluctuating states of contact and non-contact between the tool insert and the workpiece, which are generated as a result of tool chatter, affect the amount of the transmitted ultrasound energy into the workpiece material and, in turn, the amount of the reflected energy. The change in the energy of the echo signals can be related directly to the severity and frequency of tool chatter. Wavelet packet analysis was used to filter the ultrasound signals. A three-layer multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) was used to correlate the response of the ultrasound sensor to the accelerometer measurement of tool chatter. The main advantage of the ultrasound sensor is its ability to monitor other parameters such as the first contact of the tool and workpiece tool chipping and flank gradual tool wear. Experimental results show that the severity of tool chatter can be successfully monitored using the proposed ultrasound system. The system response to various frequency levels of tool chatter was investigated, however, the measurement of the chatter frequency is beyond the system capability at the current time.
An empirical comparison of population genetic analyses using microsatellite and SNP data for a species of conservation concern

Use of genomic tools to characterize wildlife populations has increased in recent years. In the past, genetic characterization has been accomplished with more traditional genetic tools (e.g., microsatellites). The explosion of genomic methods and the subsequent creation of large SNP datasets has led to the promise of increased precision in population genetic parameter estimates and identification of demographically and evolutionarily independent groups, as well as questions about the future usefulness of the more traditional genetic tools. At present, few empirical comparisons of population genetic parameters and clustering analyses performed with microsatellites and SNPs have been conducted. Here we used microsatellite and SNP data generated from Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) samples to evaluate concordance of the results obtained from each dataset for common metrics of genetic diversity (HO, HE, FIS, AR) and differentiation (FST, GST, DJost). Additionally, we evaluated clustering of individuals using putatively neutral (SNPs and microsatellites), putatively adaptive, and a combined dataset of putatively neutral and adaptive loci. We took particular interest in the conservation implications of any differences. Generally, we found high concordance between microsatellites and SNPs for HE, FIS, AR, and all differentiation estimates. Although there was strong correlation between metrics from SNPs and microsatellites, the magnitude of the diversity and differentiation metrics were quite different in some cases. Clustering analyses also showed similar patterns, though SNP data was able to cluster individuals into more distinct groups. Importantly, clustering analyses with SNP data suggest strong demographic independence among the six distinct populations of Gunnison sage-grouse with some indication of evolutionary independence in two or three populations; a finding that was not revealed by microsatellite data. We demonstrate that SNPs have three main advantages over microsatellites: more precise estimates of population-level diversity, higher power to identify groups in clustering methods, and the ability to consider local adaptation. This study adds to a growing body of work comparing the use of SNPs and microsatellites to evaluate genetic diversity and differentiation for a species of conservation concern with relatively high population structure and using the most common method of obtaining SNP genotypes for non-model organisms.
Two-Stage Primary Arthroplasty of Native Hips and Knees That Had Previously Failed Treatment for Septic Arthritis: A Single-Center Experience.

Abstract Background Patients with a history of degenerative joint disease secondary to an acute or remote episode of septic arthritis of the native knee or hip present a unique challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. This study describes our experience with two-stage primary arthroplasty for such patients. Methods We reviewed 42 patients with a history of septic arthritis treated with two-stage primary arthroplasty between 2008 and 2018. Patients were evaluated using modified Harris Hip Score, Knee Society Score (KSS), and KSS functional component (KSSF). Paired t-tests were used to compare changes for continuous variables within cohorts. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were constructed to determine predictors of outcomes and complications. Results At a mean of 3.3-year follow-up, there were 14 (33.3%) complications and the infection cure rate was 95.2%. On average, patients improved in the modified Harris Hip Score (42.9 ± 11.8 vs 83.3 ± 11.1, P Conclusions Patients with a history of native septic arthritis of the hip and knee, and secondary end-stage degenerative joint disease, showed significant postoperative improvements and a high rate of complications after two-stage primary total joint arthroplasty. Despite improvements, some patients may necessitate a third operation because of the incidence of reinfection and spacer exchange. This information should be used to counsel patients who present with this challenging clinical scenario.
Folding optimization in vivo uncovers new chaperones

By employing a genetic selection that forces the cell to fold an unstable, aggregation-prone test protein in order to survive, we have generated bacterial strains with enhanced periplasmic folding capacity. These strains enhance the soluble steady-state level of the test protein. Most of the bacterial variants we isolated were found to overexpress one or more periplasmic proteins including OsmY, Ivy, DppA, OppA, and HdeB. Of these proteins, only HdeB has convincingly been previously shown to function as chaperone in vivo. By giving bacteria the stark choice between death and stabilizing a poorly folded protein, we have now generated designer bacteria selected for their ability to stabilize specific proteins.
How Sexual Harassment Law Failed its Feminist Roots

The dawn of sexual harassment law showed so much promise. But in spite of the hopefulness with which the legal recognition of sexual harassment was greeted, the intervening years have shown that the law of sexual harassment has not lived up to its potential. Rather than creating a cause of action empowering women to challenge employment practices that have subjected them to degrading treatment while limiting their workplace opportunities, courts have instead recognized a number of elements of a cognizable claim of sexual harassment that have effectively sanctioned the continuance of the conduct, while effectively blaming women for its occurrence. The judicial imposition of the elements of a claim for sexual harassment and the judicial gloss placed on those elements has turned the cause of action for sexual harassment into something far different than the feminists who worked for recognition of the cause of action envisioned. The courts have turned that promise into a cause of action that seeks to protect the workplace from women who would make claims of sexual harassment, rather than a cause of action that seeks to protect women from discriminatory workplaces. This article explores how some of that lost promise might be recaptured, first through a reshaping of the law by the courts and legislatures within the frame of the existing structure of the cause of action, explaining how the courts could apply the existing elements of the cause of action in a way more consistent with the purpose of Title VII to assure women of the right to workplace equality. The article then imagines a more fundamental reshaping of the law of sexual harassment, exploring what the law of sexual harassment might look like if it were designed by feminists, forged by an overriding concern about ensuring women’s workplace equality rather than protecting existing workplace norms.
Interference Modeling and Mutual Information Maximization Over 6G THz Wireless Ad-Hoc Nano-Networks

While 5G is being widely deployed around the world, the efforts from both academia and industry have started to propose and investigate various promising 6G techniques, among which Terahertz (THz) wireless ad hoc networks have drawn much research attention. With the recent development in nanomaterials, THz systems have been developed to support rapidly increasing demand for ultra-high data rates while addressing the spectrum scarcity and capacity limitation problems of current wireless communication systems. Towards this end, THz wireless techniques have been envisioned as one of the key technologies of 6G wireless networks, which boosts the range of applications of nanotechnology. However, due to the complexity in accurately characterizing THz-band wireless channels and interference models in the nanoscale scenarios, a number of technical challenges, such as capacity and mutual information modelling problems, need to be overcome for achieving such ultra-high-speed data rates in the THz band. To solve the above problems, we propose to maximize the mutual information in the THz band over wireless ad-hoc nano-networks. Particularly, we establish THz-band nano-communication system models. Then, we characterize the interference model and formulate and solve the mutual information maximization problem for our proposed THz-band nano-communication schemes. Simulation results are included, which validate and evaluate our proposed schemes in the THz band.
Extracting Medical Information from Paper COVID-19 Assessment Forms.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the validity of optical mark recognition, a novel user interface, and crowdsourced data validation to rapidly digitize and extract data from paper COVID-19 assessment forms at a large medical center. METHODS: An optical mark recognition/optical character recognition (OMR/OCR) system was developed to identify fields that were selected on 2,814 paper assessment forms, each with 141 fields which were used to assess potential COVID-19 infections. A novel user interface (UI) displayed mirrored forms showing the scanned assessment forms with OMR results superimposed on the left and an editable web form on the right to improve ease of data validation. Crowdsourced participants validated the results of the OMR system. Overall error rate and time taken to validate were calculated. A subset of forms was validated by multiple participants to calculate agreement between participants. RESULTS: The OMR/OCR tools correctly extracted data from scanned forms fields with an average accuracy of 70% and median accuracy of 78% when the OMR/OCR results were compared with the results from crowd validation. Scanned forms were crowd-validated at a mean rate of 157 seconds per document and a volume of approximately 108 documents per day. A randomly selected subset of documents was reviewed by multiple participants, producing an interobserver agreement of 97% for documents when narrative-text fields were included and 98% when only Boolean and multiple-choice fields were considered. CONCLUSION: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it may be challenging for health care workers wearing personal protective equipment to interact with electronic health records. The combination of OMR/OCR technology, a novel UI, and crowdsourcing data-validation processes allowed for the efficient extraction of a large volume of paper medical documents produced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Transforming food systems is within reach

Enormous shifts can happen very quickly when science and policy work hand-in-glove, says Agnes Kalibata.
DNMT3A mutation to identify a subset of non-small cell lung cancers with increased sensitivity to PD-(L)1 blockade.

9113Background: Despite significant improvements in overall survival with PD-(L)1 inhibition, the majority of patients with metastatic NSCLC do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). Gr...
Graph Directed Markov Systems: Geometry and Dynamics of Limit Sets

The main focus of this book is the exploration of the geometric and dynamic properties of a far reaching generalization of a conformal iterated function system - a Graph Directed Markov System. These systems are very robust in that they apply to many settings that do not fit into the scheme of conformal iterated systems. The basic theory is laid out here and the authors have touched on many natural questions arising in its context. However, they also emphasise the many issues and current research topics which can be found in original papers. For example the detailed analysis of the structure of harmonic measures of limit sets, the examination of the doubling property of conformal measures, the extensive study of generalized polynomial like mapping or multifractal analysis of geometrically finite Kleinian groups. This book leads readers onto frontier research in the field, making it ideal for both established researchers and graduate students.
Static Analysis Of Functional Programs With Logic Variables

It has recently been discovered by several researchers that logical variables, even under unconditional unification, can significantly increase the expressive power of functional programming languages. Capabilities added under this extension include (i) support for use before binding of variables, e.g. in constructing functionally attributed parse trees; (ii) computation by constraint intersection, e.g. polymorphic type checking; (iii) “micro object” support for object oriented programming, e.g. for direct message delivery, and (iv) monotonic refinement of complex data structures, e.g. function evaluation by graph reduction.
FIELD INSTRUCTOR BENEFITS IN EDUCATION: A NATIONAL SURVEY

This article provides a comprehensive overview of benefits awarded to agency-based social work field instructors. Findings from a national survey of undergraduate and graduate social work programs in the United States confirmed differences in the nature of benefits awarded to undergraduate and graduate field instructors. In addition, study findings revealed variations in the pattern of awarded benefits among regions and among schools of varying size. The most frequently awarded benefits included use of the library holdings or equipment, continuing education programs, and official designation as adjunct faculty member. The authors suggest that, given the current economic atmosphere, programs become more creative in their provision of benefits that are attractive but inexpensive. Moreover, the authors recommend that the profession seek to understand better what motivates field instructors.
Adding an alcohol-related risk score to an existing categorical risk classification for older adults: sensitivity to group differences.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a new alcohol-related risk score for research use. DESIGN: Using data from a previously reported trial of a screening and education system for older adults (Computerized Alcohol-Related Problems Survey), secondary analyses were conducted comparing the ability of two different measures of risk to detect postintervention group differences: the original categorical outcome measure and a new, finely grained quantitative risk score based on the same research-based risk factors. SETTING: Three primary care group practices in southern California. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred sixty-five patients aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: A previously calculated, three-level categorical classification of alcohol-related risk and a newly developed quantitative risk score. RESULTS: Mean postintervention risk scores differed between the three experimental conditions: usual care, patient report, and combined report (P<.001). The difference between the combined report and usual care was significant (P<.001) and directly proportional to baseline risk. The three-level risk classification did not reveal approximately 57.3% of the intervention effect detected by the risk score. The risk score also was sufficiently sensitive to detect the intervention effect within the subset of hypertensive patients (n=112; P=.001). CONCLUSION: As an outcome measure in intervention trials, the finely grained risk score is more sensitive than the trinary risk classification. The additional clinical value of the risk score relative to the categorical measure needs to be determined.
Innate Immune Recognition of mtDNA—An Undercover Signal?

In addition to their roles in cellular metabolism and apoptosis, mitochondria function as signaling platforms in the innate immune response. In Nature, West et al. (2015) demonstrate that mitochondrial stress triggers a type I interferon response and confers viral resistance via release of mtDNA and activation of the cGAS–STING pathway.
Subseasonal variations in spatial signatures of ENSO on the Indian summer monsoon from 1901 to 2009

Correlations of 1° by 1° seasonal rainfall with Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) reveal spatially distinct teleconnections between El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall over the full monsoon season, as well as three subseasons. Over the full season (June–September), Pacific SSTs correlate with rainfall in Western India more than that in Eastern India. This spatial signature shifts as the monsoon progresses through early (June), middle or peak (July–August), and late (September) subseasons. Specifically, a 1°C cooling of the central equatorial Pacific (i.e., La Nina conditions) can result in the following: ∼70–100% increase in precipitation in north central Indian and the Indo-Gangetic Plains during the early season, ∼30–80% increase peak season precipitation in south central India and northwestern Rajasthan, and ∼60–100% increase in late season precipitation in northern, northwestern, and central India. Furthermore, the spatial signatures between La Nina and El Nino are asymmetric in that for a particular location, the enhancement and suppression of rainfall associated with La Nina and El Nino conditions, respectively, are not equal. El Nino suppresses peak season rainfall in the south central and northwestern Rajasthan regions more than La Nina enhances it, but the opposite occurs during the late season in northern, northwestern, and central India. Additionally, the correspondence of minima (maxima) in anomalies of velocity potential aloft with maxima (minima) at 925 mb and with positive (negative) surface pressure anomalies suggests that anomalous subsidence (ascent) occurs in July–September during El Nino (La Nina) times. In the early season, however, patterns of velocity potential composites suggest a region of descent (ascent) over the western equatorial Indian Ocean, along with a region of ascent (descent) over the Indian subcontinent that exists only during the early season but not during the peak or late season. These patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that local Hadley cell circulation affects pressure and thus rainfall during the early season but that a larger-scale mechanism, such as eastward or westward shifts in the Walker circulation, may be more responsible for teleconnections seen throughout the remainder of the season. These findings indicate that focusing monsoon forecasting efforts on these regions and on subseasonal periods while incorporating ENSO asymmetries will yield useful and skillful regional forecasts, compared to the declining utility and skill of all-India summer monsoon rainfall.
The morphology–density relation of galaxies around MACS J0717.5+3745

We use an 18 0 ×9 0 mosaic of HST/ACS images covering the entire large-scale structure around the X-ray luminous cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745 (z = 0.545) to study the morphology of galaxies at the cluster redshift. We find the global fraction of morphological types of galaxies to be consistent with results in the literature. In addition, we confirm the morphology-density relation of both early-type and late-type galaxies. Interestingly, we find that the fraction of lenticular galaxies (S0) also correlates with local galaxy density, in contrast to the findings of a study of the cores of 10 clusters at similar redshift by Dressler et al. (1997). We suggest that this apparent inconsistency is due to differences in the spatial coverage around clusters, which is supported by the fact that the correlation disappears for S0s within a radius of 0.6R200 of MACSJ0717.5+3745. We interpret this result as evidence of the morphology-density relation being caused by a combination of morphological transformation triggered by galaxy-galaxy interactions, and effects related to the formation and evolution of largescale structure. In environments of low to intermediate density, where galaxy-galaxy interactions are frequent and efficient, the observed pronounced morphology-density relation for S0s reflects the density dependence of the interaction cross section. In clusters, however, the correlation disappears for S0s, as the much higher galaxy velocities in clusters not only lower the interaction cross section, but also cause a spatial redistribution of galaxies that all but destroys such a correlation. This argument does not hold for elliptical galaxies in clusters which, having formed much earlier, have settled into the large-scale cluster potential; hence the morphology-density relation for cluster ellipticals may reflect primarily the state of advanced dynamical relaxation of this population within the cluster rather than a causal link to the environment responsible for the morphological transformation of galaxies.
A crystalline paradise – three substances exhibiting the following crystallization modes: (1) conglomerate, kryptoracemic and unbalanced (2) conglomerate and kryptoracemic

Abstract The compound bis(ethylenediamine- N , N ′)-(oxalato- O , O ′)-cobalt biphenyl-4,4′-disulfonate hydrate, refcode TIQHOR, crystallizes with four Co(III) cations in the asymmetric unit. Another pair of compounds, rac-bis(ethylenediamine- N , N ′)-(oxalato- O , O ′)-cobalt(III) l -hydrogenaspartate, refcode VAGBOU, and tetra-ammine-( N -benzylethanediamine)-cobalt(III) trinitrate sesquihydrate, refcode ZIFHEB crystallize both as conglomerates and kryptoracemates. Their stereochemical characteristics are described, and the fact that they display more than one mode of crystallization in a single lattice, is illustrated numerically and visually.
Evidence for dynorphin-A as a neurotransmitter in rat hippocampus.

Abstract The molecular forms of Dynorphin A immunoreactivity (Dyn A-IR) detected in hippocampus were resolved by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (C18-HPLC). Peptide co-eluting with synthetic Dyn A(1–17) represents 20% of the total Dyn A-IR. Dyn A-IR was released from hippocampal slices in vitro by a Ca++-dependent mechanism stimulated by superfusion with K+, kainate or veratrine. Released peptides were resolved by C18-HPLC and shown to contain Dyn A-IR co-eluting with synthetic Dyn A(1–17). These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that Dyn A(1–17) acts as a neurotransmitter at synapses in hippocampus.
Heat Transfer in Laser Sintering of Thick-Film Microelectronics

This paper investigates fabrication of functional thick-film components using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). We demonstrated that SLS has exciting potentials for thick-film metallization of low-temperature substrates. The DC conductivity of laser sintered components is measured for a range of laser scan speeds and powers. The quality of metallization at microwave frequencies is evaluated by comparing the measured Q to simulations. The effects of processing parameters on the quality of components are investigated through a heat transfer analysis of the laser sintering process. Optimum properties of the fabricated components are obtained when proper thermal conditions are achieved during laser heating.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The application of multiple contingencies to rocking behavior in a non-retarded child☆

Abstract Long-term stereotyped rocking by a 6-yr-old boy of superior intelligence was eliminated using a point contract system, time out, and the establishment of stimulus control procedures over rocking by the parents. After 1 week of treatment, rocking frequency decreased substantially close to zero, with no recurrence at follow-ups at 6- and 12-month intervals.
Radiation Effects upon Gallium Arsenide Devices

The behavior of gallium arsenide Gunn oscillators, transistors, Schottky barrier diodes and optoelectronic pulse amplifier, were investigated in a flash X-ray environment. The damaging effects of fast neutrons from a pulsed reactor were also observed. When possible, the resultant data were compared with available data for similar silicon devices.
Non-perturbative effects in QED with chemical potential

Abstract Two non-perturbative phenomena are pointed out for the homogeneous electron gas. There is an O(1) uncertainty near the Fermi surface in determining the renormalized charge at metallic densities. Violation to the unitarity is found in Coulomb scattering, and it is conjectured that the restoration of unitarity involves formation of Cooper pairs and superconducting ground state.
300 A NEW DEVICE TO MEASURE ISOBARIC AIRWAY CONTRACTION IN VITRO

In order to measure small volumes displaced (1-700 μl) by contracting airways without changing the load (pressure) we developed a new device: the microplethysmograph (MP).
Nonlinear integration on measures

THE MAIN purpose of the present paper is to study Hammerstein operators on vector valued measures, generalizing the work contained in [l], [2], [3] and [4]. Since operators will be represented as integrals. a systematic study of the integration of measures relative to convex set functions will also be initiated. Elementary properties of vector measures will be found in [S]. Before stating our main results, we wish to set our results in the proper perspective. A long standing problem is to characterize the bidual of C[O, 11, the space of continuous functions defined on the real interval [0, l] with the sup norm topology. A possible approach is taken in the interesting paper of Mauldin [4]. If M[O, I] denotes the space of measure representing the dual space of CEO, 11, then Mauldin shows that if T is a continuous linear functional on M[O, l] then T(p) = i p dK. Here 1 p dK is defined as
L. H. M. Ling. The Dao of World Politics: Towards a Post-Westphalian, Worldist International Relations

L. H. M. Ling's book challenges the hegemonic Westphalian approach to narrating world politics, drawing upon a Daoist dialectic framework to reconceptualize International Relations (IR). Daoist dia...
Reversal of long-term sepsis-induced immunosuppression by dendritic cells.

Severe sepsis leads to long-term systemic and local immunosuppression, which is the cause of a number of complications, including pulmonary infection. A therapeutic strategy that reverses this immunosuppression is required, given the ongoing high mortality rate of patients who have survived a severe sepsis. The present study demonstrates that experimental severe sepsis renders the lung susceptible to a normally innocuous Aspergillus fumigatus fungus challenge, due to a dominant lung type 2 cytokine profile. Dendritic cells (DCs) obtained from the lungs of mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model were skewed toward type 2 cytokine profile, which occurred with exaggerated expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The intrapulmonary transfer of bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs) in postseptic mice prevented fatal Aspergillus infection. This therapy reduced the overall inflammatory response and fungal growth in the lung, and promoted the balance of proinflammatory and suppressive cytokines in the lung. Thus, intrapulmonary DC supplementation appears to restore the pulmonary host response in the postseptic lung in our animal model. These data strongly suggest that lung DCs are profoundly affected as a consequence of the systemic impact of severe sepsis, and the identification of mechanisms that restore their function may serve as a key strategy to reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
Transnational Twist: Pecuniary Remittances and the Socioeconomic Integration of Authorized and Unauthorized Mexican Immigrants in Los Angeles County

Annual U.S.-Mexico pecuniary remittances are estimated to have more than doubled recently to at least $10 billion - augmenting interest among policymakers, financial institutions, and transnational migrant communities concerning how relatively poor expatriate Mexicans sustain such large transfers and the impact on immigrant integration in the United States. We employ the 2001 Los Angeles County Mexican Immigrant Residency Status Survey (LAC-MIRSS) to investigate how individual characteristics and social capital traditionally associated with integration, neighborhood context, and various investments in the United States influenced remitting in 2000. Remitting is estimated to have been inversely related to conventional integration metrics and influenced by community context in both sending and receiving areas. Contrary to straight-line assimilation theories and more consistent with a transnational or nonlinear perspective, however, remittances are also estimated to have been positively related to immigrant homeownership in Los Angeles County and negatively associated with having had public health insurance such as Medicaid.
Ranking and prioritization with multiple indicators in digital governance and surveillance hotspot geoinformatics: a preface

This article is prepared in the spirit of inviting the attention of the readership to some of the initiatives of the author and his collaborators that have presently culminated into a novel and innovative initiative for digital governance and hotspot geoinformatics around the world. Geoinformatics of geospatial and spatio-temporal hotspot detection and prioritization is a critical need for the twenty-first century. A declared need is around for statistical geoinformatics and software infrastructure development. A hotspot can mean an unusual phenomenon, anomaly, aberration, outbreak, elevated cluster, critical area. The declared need may be for monitoring, etiology, early warning or sustainable management. The responsible factors may be natural, accidental or intentional. The seven year NSF Digital Government Research Program project has been instrumental to conceptualize hotspot geoinformatics partnership among several interested cross-disciplinary scientists in academia, agencies, and communities around the world. Our efforts are driven by a wide variety of case studies involving a wide variety of critical societal issues. You are invited to participate in ongoing workshop series around the world in a manner most productive for your purpose and publications. You will have the opportunity to strengthen, advance, and accelerate your in-house research work plan and developmental effort involving novel geoinformatics and innovative hotspot dynamics
650 GHz bistatic scattering measurements on human skin

Many groups are developing submillimeter cameras that will be used to screen human subjects for improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and other threat items hidden beneath their clothing. To interpret submillimeter camera images the scattering properties, specifically the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) must be known. This problem is not trivial because surfaces of man-made objects and human skin have topographic features comparable to the wavelength of submillimeter radiation—thus simple, theoretical scattering approximations do not apply. To address this problem we built a goniometer instrument to measure the BSDF from skin surfaces of live human subjects illuminated with a beam from a 650 GHz synthesized source. To obtain some multi-spectral information, the instrument was reconfigured with a 160 GHz source. Skin areas sampled are from the hand, interior of the forearm, abdomen, and back. The 650 GHz beam has an approximately Gaussian profile with a FWHM of approximately 1 cm. Instrument characteristics: angular resolution 2.9 ⍛ ; noise floor -45 dB/sr; dynamic range ˃ 70 dB; either s or p-polarization; 25 ⍛ bidirectional-scattering-angle ≤ 180 ⍛ ; The human scattering target skin area was placed exactly on the goniometer center of rotation with normal angle of incidence to the source beam. Scattering power increased at the higher frequency. This new work enables radiometrically correct models of humans.
Resistance reflexes and patterned discharge in motor neurons of the crayfish propus-dactylus joint

Abstract 1. 1. The slow closer motor (SCM) and opener inhibitor (OI) neurons of Canbarus clarkii display both phasic and tonic activity in resistance reflexes of the propus-dactylus joint. 2. 2. Phasic response latencies of both neurons diminish with increasing velocity of joint opening according to a power function. Interpulse intervals (IPIs) diminish according to an S function. 3. 3. IPI distributions for both neurons are characterized by Gamma distribution functions. 4. 4. Though the SCM neuromuscular junction is not pattern sensitive, both neurons display patterning, i.e. a more or less discrete class of short IPIs (doublets). 5. 5. Patterning is discussed as a mode of activity which may or may not be associated with pattern sensitive neuromuscular junctions.
Cell-Specific Calcineurin Inhibition by a Modified Cyclosporin

The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) is widely used to suppress graft rejection following transplantation in humans. Its cellular effects are mediated by a complex of CsA and its intracellular, soluble receptor cyclophilin (Cyp).1 The Cyp-CsA complex is a specific inhibitor of the protein phosphatase calcineurin (Cn).2 Consequently, CsA has also been used to illuminate the cellular functions of Cn. For example, its use revealed that, in T cells, Cn mediates the nuclear translocation and activation of NFAT,3 a transcription factor essential for T cell activation. As a therapeutic agent, CsA has several undesirable side effects including hypertension, CNS toxicity, and nephrotoxicity. These side effects result from CsAmediated inhibition of Cn in cells outside the immune system.4 We now report the synthesis of R-cyclopentylsarcosine11CsA (CsA*), a rationally modified CsA that does not bind to Cyp and consequently does not inhibit Cn in cells. We also describe a modified Cyp with compensatory mutations in its CsA-binding pocket (F113G, C115M, S99T; Cyp*) that promote high affinity complexation with CsA*. The resulting Cyp*CsA* complex presents a composite surface that binds Cn with high affinity. As a result, Cn inhibition by CsA* is restored in cells expressing Cyp*. These results provide a method to control the inhibition of Cn spatially and temporally in animals by targeting the expression of Cyp* to specific cells and tissues. Modifying receptors or ligands by adding even a few atoms can abolish their binding, often changing the function of the molecules involved. When these loss-of-interaction substituents are introduced into proteins by mutation5 and small molecules by synthesis,6 information about the cellular function of interacting molecules can be obtained. To achieve our goal of cellspecific Cn inhibition, it was essential that the modified receptor-ligand complex have a composite surface suited for Cn binding, since altered Cyp-CsA complexes can be envisioned that will no longer bind Cn (lower right schematic in Figure 1). We designed a variant of CsA having two additional methylenes (CH2) attached to the two methyl groups of the MeVal11 side chain, resulting in the cyclopentyl side chain of CsA*. The crystal structure of the CypA-CsA complex7 shows residue 11 of CsA directly contacting Cyp, binding in a deep hydrophobic pocket in the active site of Cyp (Figure 2A). The additional atoms were expected to reduce the binding of CsA* to Cyp significantly, presumably through steric interactions
Crystal structure of fragment double-D from human fibrin with two different bound ligands.

Factor XIII-cross-linked fragment D (double-D) from human fibrin was crystallized in the presence of two different peptide ligands and the X-ray structure determined at 2.3 A. The peptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-amide, which is an analogue of the knob exposed by the thrombin-catalyzed removal of fibrinopeptide A, was found to reside in the γ-chain holes, and the peptide Gly-His-Arg-Pro-amide, which corresponds to the β-chain knob, was found in the homologous β-chain holes. The structure shows for the first time that the β-chain knob does indeed bind to a homologous hole on the β-chain. The γ- and β-chain holes are structurally very similar, and it is remarkable they are able to distinguish between these two peptides that differ by a single amino acid. Additionally, we have found that the β-chain domain, like its γ-chain counterpart, binds calcium.
Why are proteins so robust to site mutations

There have been repeated observations that proteins are surprisingly robust to site mutations, enduring significant numbers of substitutions with little change in structure, stability, or function. These results are almost paradoxical in light of what is known about random heteropolymers and the sensitivity of their properties to seemingly trivial mutations. To address this discrepancy, the preservation of biological protein properties in the presence of mutation has been interpreted as indicating the independence of selective pressure on such properties. Such results also lead to the prediction that de novo protein design should be relatively easy, in contrast to what is observed. Here, we use a computational model with lattice proteins to demonstrate how this robustness can result from population dynamics during the evolutionary process. As a result, sequence plasticity may be a characteristic of evolutionarily derived proteins and not necessarily a property of designed proteins. This suggests that this robustness must be re-interpreted in evolutionary terms, and has consequences for our understanding of both in vivo and in vitro protein evolution.
Effect of denervation on muscle cyclic AMP in the newt.

Abstract The effects of denervation in vivo and of nerve extracts in vitro on muscle cyclic AMP levels were measured to determine whether nerves influence muscle cyclic AMP. Denervation in vivo resulted in an initial small decrease followed by a large increase in muscle cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP levels declined as the muscle became reinnervated. After brief times in culture (1–3 days), cyclic AMP levels were lower in untreated muscles than in those cultured in the presence of nerve extracts. At longer times, cyclic AMP was the same or higher in untreated muscles.