cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Further contributions to the mathematical theory of human relations

In continuation of a previous paper, some consequences of the fundamental equations established there are studied. For some simple hypothetical cases it is shown how some of the parameters which enter in the equations governing the structure of the social group can be determined by means of those equations from actually observable data. Furthermore some general properties of the variation with respect to time of the fundamental distribution function, which enters in the equations, are derived.
Crustal structure at Nanga Parbat, northern Pakistan, from magnetotelluric soundings

A magnetotelluric survey in northern Pakistan contains effects from both 2-D and 3-D structure. Identification of the effects of the sediments along the Indus River valley using 3-D modeling permitted the selection of modes that could be accurately inverted with 2-D inversions. The resulting 2-D model reveals generally resistive (> 500 ohm-m) upper crust (0–8 km), a more conductive (30–50 ohm-m) middle to lower crust (8–40 km), and a resistive (> 300 ohm-m) upper mantle. Shallow crustal (< 10 km) conductors correlate with a hydrothermally altered fault zone and/or carbonaceous metamorphic rocks near the Raikot fault. A prominent midcrustal conductor located beneath Nanga Parbat is required to fit the data, but its depth, dimensions, and conductivity are poorly constrained by existing data.
Patuletin-3-O-Rutinoside from the Aerial Parts of Echinacea angustifolia

The major flavonoid of the aerial parts of Echinacea angustifolia was found to be patuletin-3- O -rutinoside (1), rather than rutin (2), as reported previously. The related amount of patuletin-3- O -rutinoside is 5-8-times higher than that of rutin in the tested samples. Patuletin-3- O -rutinoside also existed in the aerial parts of E. purpurea and E. pallida, and the first complete NMR assignment of patuletin-3- O -rutinoside was made by using 2D NMR techniques. This is the first report of the occurrence of patuletin-3- O -rutinoside in Echinacea species.
Rapid chemical dehydration of plant material for light and electron microscopy with 2,2-dimethoxypropane and 2,2-diethoxypropane

A rapid and simple procedure was used for chemical dehydration of plant tissue during sample preparation for light and electron microscopy. Chemically fixed tissues were washed with distilled water and then rapidly dehydrated with either 2,2-dimethoxypropane or 2,2-diethoxypropane for 15 minutes. Light microscopic observation of paraffin-embedded tissue or tissue embedded in Spurr's plastic showed excellent preservation. Electron microscopic examination of plastic-embedded tissue showed well maintained ultrastructural morphology. The dehydration procedure was also successfully applied to plant tissue destined for examination in a scanning electron microscope
Balance Between Right and Left Ventricular Output

The right ventricular ejection pattern is characterized by early onset, gradual rise to peak flow velocities in midsystole and gradual return to baseline. Left ventricular ejection begins very shortly after right ventricular systole, abruptly reaches peak flow, and diminishes during the remainder of the systolic interval, terminating with a brief, sharp, retrograde surge as the aortic valves close. The duration of ejection is shorter in the left ventricle than in the right. In healthy dogs, respiratory activity produces very slight fluctuations in right and left ventricular output that are almost in phase. In dogs with hydrothorax and pulmonary atelectasis, the right and left ventricular outputs fluctuate in greatly exaggerated fashion with each forced respiratory effort. Under such conditions, the changes in right and left ventricular stroke volume are nearly 180 Degrees out of phase. Pulmonary outflow resistance is increased and the right ventricular ejection pattern closely resembles those generally ch...
A least-squares finite element method for the Helmholtz equation

Abstract Convert the Helmholtz equation into a system of first order equations by identifying the derivatives of the solution as additional unknowns and complete the system of three (in 2-D) equations with an additional curl equation satisfied automatically for the exact solution. Then a least-squares solution of the transformed system is proposed. The C 0 -piecewise polynomials are applied for function and its derivatives as well. The optimal error estimates for l 2 - and H 1 -norms are derived. Numerical examples of this method are also provided.
Treatment for survivors of incest

Abstract Directed self-help, mutual support groups are useful resources for the treatment of various populations victimized by sexual abuse. Several group models are presented.
Formation of a functional apical ectodermal ridge from nonridge ectoderm in limb buds of chick and quail embryos

In an attempt to impede the inductive communications between the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the wing bud and its underlying mesoderm, we lined the apex of the trypsin-isolated ectodermal hull of the chick limb bud with stage 23 or 25 quail back-skin ectoderm or nonridge limb ectoderm. We then inserted a stage 21 chick wing-bud mesodermal core into this hull with its apex against the putative barrier. Reciprocally, quail limb components were united with a barrier of chick nonridge limb ectoderm. Such composites, grafted to host chick embryos, usually formed wings comparable in perfection to those obtained when ectodermal and mesodermal elements are recombined and grafted without a lining ectodermal layer. The reestablishment of a normal vascular pattern in the composite limbs was delayed compared to controls, suggesting that the interposed layer of cells interferes, initially at least, with the communication between the AER and subjacent mesoderm, and that this interference delays the development of, particularly, the veinous channels draining the limb bud. Histological study of Feulgen-stained preparations showed that the interposed ectodermal cells begin moving into the overlying ectoderm as early as 6 h after grafting, populating the AER and adjoining ectoderm. By 48–50 h the ridge and adjacent ectoderm are composed entirely, or almost so, of cells of the interposed type. The original ridge cells are apparently displaced into the amniotic fluid, and the cells invading from below take over the functional attributes of the AER, inducing the growth of terminal limb parts.
Education Functions within Research

The trend in approaching higher education issues, after a period lacking in confidence, is now one in which higher education is perceived as the tool to master the several changes to be faced in the course of one's working life. In this framework, the education activities carried out by both traditional and non-traditional institutions acquire major importance. This paper presents the educational initiatives of the National Research Council, Italy's main research institution, in its growing awareness of the educational responsibilities and the valorization of education functions (those already active and those which are potential) of a scientific structure.
Emigration and immigration can be important determinants of benthic diatom assemblages in streams

SUMMARY. 1 Interspecific differences in diatom abundances in stream drift (plankton), immigration, and natural benthic assemblages were compared to assess the importance of emigration and immigration in benthic diatom community dynamics. Water samples were collected throughout a 24-h period to measure diel changes in diatom drift abundances and to estimate benthic diatom emigration rates. Immigration was assessed with 24-h colonization of bare tiles. 2 Dissimilarity in species composition of drift, immigration, and natural substrate assemblages indicated differential emigration and immigration among diatom species. 3 A mathematical model indicated that reproduction by diatoms in the plankton could not account for diel drift peaks and that diel variation in drift was an informative measure of benthic diatom emigration. 4 Emigration and immigration of some species constituted substantial proportions of diatom abundances on natural substrata. We conclude that emigration into the drift and immigration onto substrata can be important processes that regulate benthic diatom species composition and standing crop in streams.
Anneal treatment studies of heavily boron-doped silicon

An experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of high temperature anneal treatments on the microstructure and curling behavior of heavily boron-doped silicon structures. Cantilever structures were created from p++ boron-diffused silicon wafers. The post-diffusion anneal treatment temperature was varied while the anneal time remained constant. The micromechanical cantilevers were analyzed for curl as a function of the anneal temperature using an optical profiler. Bulk sections from the wafers were analyzed to obtain boron concentration, distribution of lattice constant, and dislocation distribution. Results of the curl measurements revealed that all non-annealed cantilever structures were curled in one direction, and those annealed for 90 minutes above 1100 degrees Celsius were all curled in the other direction, with an apparent transition temperature of about 1050 degrees Celsius. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis confirmed that boron concentration becomes more uniform through the wafer thickness with increasing anneal temperature. X-ray diffraction revealed that the magnitude of the smallest lattice constant present in a wafer increases with increasing anneal temperature, which may allow a compressive stress to develop. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations showed that dislocations move during the anneal process to relieve stresses.
Phase II study of oxaliplatin in patients with recurrent or refractory non‐Hodgkin lymphoma

BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin is a platinum derivative with a broad range of anticancer activity. The objective of the current Phase II trial was to investigate the activity of oxaliplatin in patients with recurrent or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). METHODS Patients with recurrent and refractory NHL who received a maximum of 3 previous chemotherapy regimens were considered eligible if they had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2 and adequate organ function. Oxaliplatin was administered in an outpatient setting at a dose of 130 mg/m2 by 2-hour intravenous infusion every 21 days for ≤ 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression. RESULTS Thirty-one patients (23 with aggressive NHL and 8 with indolent NHL) were enrolled, of whom 30 were assessable for toxicity, response, and survival. The median patient age was 62 years, and 20% of the patients previously received platinum-containing therapy. Eighty-three percent of the patients were refractory to their last treatment regimens. Grade 3 and 4 toxic effects (according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0]) included sensory neuropathy (10%), neutropenia (17%), and thrombocytopenia (20%). Objective responses occurred in 8 (27%; 95% confidence interval, 13–47%) of the patients. Responses were observed in platinum-naive patients as well as in those previously treated with platinum. The overall median failure-free survival duration was 3.0 months (range, 0.1–18.1 months). CONCLUSIONS Oxaliplatin had favorable single-agent activity in previously treated patients with refractory lymphoma. The favorable safety profile and the ease of its administration in outpatient settings warrant investigating it in combination with other active drugs for the treatment of recurrent and refractory NHL. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Effects of time and sperm concentration on reactive oxygen species formation in human semen

Although generally accepted standards exist for routine semen analysis, recent methods of assessing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human semen lack a standardized protocol. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the relationship between ROS level and the time interval between semen collection and analysis, and (2) the effect of sperm concentration on the level of ROS formation. Semen specimens from men (n = 40) consulting for infertility treatment were divided in two groups: in 20, routine semen analysis was performed and ROS formation evaluated at 1, 3, 5, and 24 h after semen collection; in the other 20, ROS formation was evaluated at four sperm concentrations (60, 30, 15, and 7.5 x 10(6)/mL). White blood cell (WBC) concentration was assessed before ROS measurement using a myeloperoxidase staining technique (Endtz test). ROS level was measured by a chemiluminescence method. ROS formation decreased significantly over time. The mean ROS level 343.4 (1 h), 133.5 x 10(4) cpm (3 h, p = .004), 66.0 x 10(4) cpm (5 h, p 1 x 10(6) WBC/mL). The number of ROS-positive specimens after 3, 5, and 24 h was eight, six, and two, respectively. In the second group, eight patients were positive for ROS formation at 1 h after collection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hybrid pulse position modulation/ultrashort light pulse code-division multiple-access systems - part II: time-space processor and modified schemes

For pt.I see ibid., vol.50, p.2018-31 (2002). In part I, we proposed and investigated a hybrid pulse position modulation/ultrashort light pulse code-division multiple-access (PPM/ULP-CDMA) system for ultrafast optical communication networks. In this scheme, the large bandwidth of a ULP is efficiently utilized by virtue of the very high time resolution of a time-space processor. More detailed analysis and discussion on the receiver scheme using the time-space processor is now presented; nonideal performance of the time-space processor, including the reference pulse realization problem, as well as amplifier and detector noise, are taken into account. Discussions on physically achievable ranges of the system parameters that determine the performance of the proposed PPM/ULP-CDMA system are also made based upon current, state of the art technology. As remedies to overcome the physical limitations on the system parameters, two modified modulation/demodulation schemes are proposed and investigated to enhance the performance of the hybrid PPM/ULP-CDMA system.
The Effect of Gibberellin on Tryptophan Conversion and Elongation of the Avena Coleoptile

Gibberellic acid (GA3) enhanced directly the release of 14CO2 from tryptophan-1-l4C by cell free preparations of Avena coleoptile tips. The rate of tryptophan metabolism in the presence of GA3 was increased by approximately 100 per cent. The addition of auxin synthesis inhibitors to incubation flasks nullified the enhancement effect of GA3 on elongation of the coleoptile tips. These studies implicate tryptamine as an intermediate in the formation of auxin from tryptophan. The possibility of GA3-IAA interaction in the elongation processes was also investigated. Combination treatments of these growth-promoting substances did not induce a synergistic growth response by the coleoptile tissue.
A resource block based filtered OFDM scheme and performance comparison

Dynamic spectrum sharing is a key technique to meet the high data rate demands of future wireless systems evolving towards heterogeneous networks. To make the best use of available frequency resources without creating interference to neighbor nodes, spectrally contained and scalable waveforms are needed. While OFDM has become the most popular multicarrier modulation (MCM) scheme, it suffers from high side lobes. Filtering is a popular technique used to reduce the out-of-band emission of OFDM. However, to utilize non-contiguous spectrum fragments, filters need to be dynamically designed for each fragment, making the use of filtered OFDM challenging. On the other hand, OFDM-OQAM, a filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC) modulation, has emerged as an alternative to OFDM to offer better spectral containment and more flexibility for dynamic spectrum allocations. In this paper, we first present a novel technique, called resource block (RB) filtered OFDM (RB-F-OFDM), which divides the available spectrum fragments into chunks of contiguous subcarriers, referred to RBs, and generates and filters the signal transmitted on each RB individually. This approach has the advantage of being modular and scalable since the same transmit and receive modules are used for all RBs. Then, we compare the performance of OFDM, filtered OFDM, RB F-OFDM, and OFDM-OQAM. The simulations are performed under various adjacent channel interference (ACI) conditions. Simulation results show that OFDM-OQAM offers the best performance under channels with moderate delay spread and ACI; however, it has the undesired high latency and its signal is not backwards compatible to legacy OFDM receivers. The performance of RB F-OFDM is similar to filtered OFDM while adding support for non-contiguous spectrum, making it a viable solution for dynamic spectrum sharing systems.
Reinforcement with intragastric infusions of ethanol: blocking effect of FLA 57.

Abstract Suppression of oral intake of ethanol by FLA 57 has been reported for rats and was attributed to an inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase. We have demonstrated the ability of FLA 57 (50 mg/kg, IP) to suppress bar-pressing for intragastric (IG) delivery of doses of ethanol (25 mg/kg). This indicates that the effect on oral intake of ethanol may not be attributed to a taste factor, e.g., a decreased palatability of the ethanol solution. The same dose of FLA 57 did not suppress responding for IG doses of sweet milk. Thus, there was not an impairment of appetitive behavior in general through some nonspecific depressant or toxic action. Furthermore, the primary reinforcing action of ethanol, when used to establish a buzzer as a conditioned reinforcer through repeated pairings, was blocked if FLA 57 was given before pairings. This was evidenced by a failure of such rats to bar-press above the baseline level in a later test of conditioned reinforcement, which contrasted with the increased responding seen for rats receiving saline instead of FLA 57 before ethanol. These data support the previous findings on oral ethanol and confirm that FLA 57 can impair the mechanism by which ethanol produces positive reinforcement in rats.
Phase-only modulation of a twisted nematic liquid-crystal TV by use of the eigenpolarization states

We present the eigenpolarization states of a commercially available liquid-crystal television display and show that phase-only modulation can be achieved over a large dynamic range of video voltages for several bias voltage settings if the eigenpolarization states are used. A set of operating curves using these polarization states is given for the device.
Public Relations Planning and Action as “Practical-Critical” Communication

A practical-critical approach to communication contends that critical analysis should have practical consequences, specifically to extend participation and to introduce innovative forms of communication. Planning and action process models in public relations illustrate the approach. The practical-critical position develops out of a reconstructive revision of existing, instrumental models. The emphases are (a) variabilities and contingencies in communication, (b) temporal sequencing of cooperative activity, (c) conditions of uncertainty that are part of pursuing a shared focus through joint activity, and (d) the interdependent relations among material, symbolic, and relational dimensions of process planning and action. The practical-critical framework provides for continuous, dialectical analysis of a central focus of activity, while deriving benefits from the sequencing of cooperative effort.
Affirmation of the High-Power Person and His Position: Ingratiation in Conflict

Eighty college students were induced to be bargainers who had high power in that they controlled more valued resources than the other bargainer. The low-power bargainer (a confederate) expressed different types of affirmations (positive evaluations) of the participants. The low-power bargainer either strongly or mildly affirmed the personal effectiveness of the participants and either strongly or mildly affirmed their negotiating position. Participants whose personal effectiveness was strongly, compared to mildly, affirmed increased their self-evaluation and were attracted to the low-power person. They did not, however, agree to the low-power person's demand. Participants whose position was strongly, as opposed to mildly, affirmed did not increase their self-evaluation nor were they more positive toward the low-power person. They did reject the low-power person's demand. Results were interpreted as suggesting that strong affirmations of personal effectiveness and of position may be ineffective ingratiation strategies in conflict.
Coordinated reactive power control of DFIG rotor and grid sides converters

Doubly fed induction generators used in grid interfaced wind energy systems are increasingly being called upon to address voltage regulation and provide adequate reactive power support. This paper presents a new coordinated control strategy using both the grid and rotor side converters for voltage regulation and reactive power support considering operational limits and network side voltage fluctuations. The central idea here is to derive the reactive power reference signal (in the RSC control loop) from the terminal voltage controller in the GSC control loop. Coordinating the control loops in this manner enables the DFIG to regulate the terminal voltage in a superior manner (compared to uncoordinated control). Wind speed is modeled by NREL TurbSim and the turbine model includes wind shear and tower shadow. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is taken into account in DFIG active power control. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed control strategy during the variations of network voltage, wind speed, output active and reactive power.
Endothelin-1 and Hypertension : From Bench to Bedside

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) exerts a wide range of biologic effects that can influence systemic blood pressure. Recent studies indicate that increased activity of the ET system in the vasculature, with resultant activation of primarily ET A receptors, can contribute to hypertension. In contrast, decreased production of ET-1 in the renal medulla, and reduced activation of collecting duct ET B receptors, can also elevate systemic blood pressure. Both ET A and combined A/B receptor blockers reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Several important questions remain with respect to the ET system in hypertension, including how ET receptor antagonists will interact with other antihypertensive agents, which receptor subtypes should be targeted, and what the effect of ET blockade will be on hypertension-related end-organ damage as opposed to blood pressure alone.
Kaposi varicelliform eruption in patients with Darier disease: A 20-year retrospective study

Background Kaposi varicelliform eruption (KVE), or herpes simplex virus (HSV) superinfection of pre-existing skin lesions, may complicate Darier disease. Objective We sought to compare the clinical features and outcomes of patients with Darier disease who developed KVE superinfection with those who did not. Methods A 20-year retrospective analysis of 79 patients with Darier disease treated at our institution was performed. Results Eleven (14%) patients developed KVE, of whom 45% required hospitalization for their skin disease during the follow-up period. Patients with KVE had more severe Darier disease ( P = .030) and were more likely to be hospitalized ( P = .015). HSV was detected in erosions without concomitant vesicles or pustules in 64% of confirmed cases. In all, 23 (55%) patients with erosions had HSV testing pursued. Limitations Retrospective study design is a limitation. Conclusion The majority of KVE occurs in painless or painful erosions that may also appear impetiginized without vesicle or pustule formation. As HSV superinfection is correlated with severe Darier disease and risk for hospitalization, increased recognition of this phenomenon may lead to better patient outcomes.
THE CONTINGENCY OF OUR OWN BEATITUDE. SOME REFLECTIONS ON GILSON’S “THE FUTURE OF AUGUSTINIAN METAPHYSICS”

Inspired by selected passages from Wendell Berry’s story “A Place in Time,” the article discusses Etienne Gilson’s essay “The Future of Augustinian Metaphysics” with a special regard to the relation of habits to metaphysics. The basis of this relation is human being whose life, from the perspective of Augustinian metaphysics, is permanently unsettled. Man is the one mortal being whose perfection does not come with his being, but only with his own input into what it already is. Habits, then, prefect an already constituted human being in what he or she is. Man is not born, however, with habits, but acquires them through acts of the virtues or vices. The article develops the Augustinian idea according to which the moral effort of man to pursue virtues and escape vices results not so much from his natural desire of ‘beatitude’, but rather from the fact of being led to God by God.
Robust Cell Detection of Histopathological Brain Tumor Images Using Sparse Reconstruction and Adaptive Dictionary Selection

Successful diagnostic and prognostic stratification, treatment outcome prediction, and therapy planning depend on reproducible and accurate pathology analysis. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) is a useful tool to help doctors make better decisions in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Accurate cell detection is often an essential prerequisite for subsequent cellular analysis. The major challenge of robust brain tumor nuclei/cell detection is to handle significant variations in cell appearance and to split touching cells. In this paper, we present an automatic cell detection framework using sparse reconstruction and adaptive dictionary learning. The main contributions of our method are: 1) A sparse reconstruction based approach to split touching cells; 2) An adaptive dictionary learning method used to handle cell appearance variations. The proposed method has been extensively tested on a data set with more than 2000 cells extracted from 32 whole slide scanned images. The automatic cell detection results are compared with the manually annotated ground truth and other state-of-the-art cell detection algorithms. The proposed method achieves the best cell detection accuracy with a $F_{1}~ {\rm score} = 0.96$ .
The Housing and Economic Experiences of Immigrants in U.S. and Canadian Cities, by Carlos Teixeira and Wei Li

The recent migration crisis in Europe demonstrated a need to provide adequate housing for internationally displaced populations. Housing immigrants, whether displaced forcibly or relocating by choi...
New synthesis of [RuH(CO)(PPh3)2L2][BF4] [L2 = 2py, 2(4-Mepy) or bpy] and X-ray crystal structure of [RuH(CO)(PPh3)2(4-Mepy)2][BF4]

Abstract The title compounds were prepared by reaction of RuH2(CO)(PPh3)3 with [C7H7][BF4] in the presence of excess pyridine, 4-picoline or 2,2′-bipyridine. The compounds were characterized by IR, 1 H and 31 P NMR, and X-ray crystallography (for the 4-Mepy complex). The spectroscopic data as well as the results of the X-ray crystal structure show that the complexes contain trans-oriented phosphines and cis-pyridines. Details of the structural content and selected bond distances and angles are internally consistent.
Uptake of ammonia by the brain in hepatic coma.

SummaryThe arteriovenous difference of ammonia has been investigated in a variety of conditions and has been found to be elevated in hepatic coma, as has been the arterial level of blood ammonia. The evidence for a significant uptake of ammonia in comatose patients with liver disease suggests a mechanism for hepatic coma. This mechanism could be the reductive amination of ketoglutaric acid to form glutamate with the concomitant removal of significant amounts of ketoglutarate, preventing Krebs cycle regeneration.
Modal decomposition method for acoustic impedance testing in rectangular ducts

Accurate duct acoustic propagation models are required to characterize and reduce aircraft engine noise. These models ultimately rely on measurements of acoustic impedance for candidate materials used in engine nacelle liners. This paper seeks to increase the frequency range of normal incidence acoustic impedance testing in square ducts by extending the standard two-microphone method (TMM), which is limited in bandwidth to ranges where only plane waves propagate, to include higher-order modes. The modal decomposition method (MDM) presented includes the first four normal modes in the model of the sound field and thus increases the frequency range from 6.7 to 13.5 kHz for a 25.4 mm square waveguide. The MDM characterizes the test specimen for normal-incident and oblique-incident acoustic impedance and mode scattering coefficients. This paper first formulates the MDM and then applies it to the measurement of the reflection coefficient matrix for a ceramic tubular specimen over the tested frequency range of 0.3 to 13.5 kHz. The experimental results are consistent with results estimated from the TMM for the same specimen to within the 95% confidence intervals for the TMM, but the MDM provides data at higher frequencies.
Investigation of the Outbreak of Gastroenteristis Caused by Norwalk-Like Virus in A Primary School of Shaoguan

Objective To investigate,treat and analyze of population with gastroenteritis caused by norwalk-like virus.Method Spot epidemic investigation method was used to analyze the outbreak of viral gastroenteritis and the patient samples were examined by RT-PCR.Result 44 cases were studied.18 samples were collected and analyzed by RT-PCR.6 samples were positive for norwalk-like virus,with a positive rate of 33.33%(6/18).Comprehensive measurements,such as food management and disinfections of the environment were implemented in time and the epidemic situation was controlled effectively after 3 days of the first case occurred.Conclusion The incident was an acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by norwalk-like virus.
Determination of receptor occupancy in the presence of mass dose: [11C]GSK189254 PET imaging of histamine H3 receptor occupancy by PF-03654746

Measurements of drug occupancies using positron emission tomography (PET) can be biased if the radioligand concentration exceeds "tracer" levels. Negative bias would also arise in successive PET scans if clearance of the radioligand is slow, resulting in a carryover effect. We developed a method to (1) estimate the in vivo dissociation constant Kd of a radioligand from PET studies displaying a non-tracer carryover (NTCO) effect and (2) correct the NTCO bias in occupancy studies taking into account the plasma concentration of the radioligand and its in vivo Kd. This method was applied in a study of healthy human subjects with the histamine H3 receptor radioligand [11C]GSK189254 to measure the PK-occupancy relationship of the H3 antagonist PF-03654746. From three test/retest studies, [11C]GSK189254 Kd was estimated to be 9.5 ± 5.9 pM. Oral administration of 0.1 to 4 mg of PF-03654746 resulted in occupancy estimates of 71%-97% and 30%-93% at 3 and 24 h post-drug, respectively. NTCO correction adjusted the occupancy estimates by 0%-15%. Analysis of the relationship between corrected occupancies and PF-03654746 plasma levels indicated that PF-03654746 can fully occupy H3 binding sites ( ROmax = 100%), and its IC50 was estimated to be 0.144 ± 0.010 ng/mL. The uncorrected IC50 was 26% higher.
Immersive Molecular Visualization with Omnidirectional Stereoscopic Ray Tracing and Remote Rendering

Immersive molecular visualization provides the viewer with intuitive perception of complex structures and spatial relationships that are of critical interest to structural biologists. The recent availability of commodity head mounted displays (HMDs) provides a compelling opportunity for widespread adoption of immersive visualization by molecular scientists, but HMDs pose additional challenges due to the need for low-latency, high-frame-rate rendering. State-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations produce terabytes of data that can be impractical to transfer from remote supercomputers, necessitating routine use of remote visualization. Hardware-accelerated video encoding has profoundly increased frame rates and image resolution for remote visualization, however round-trip network latencies would cause simulator sickness when using HMDs. We present a novel two-phase rendering approach that overcomes network latencies with the combination of omnidirectional stereoscopic progressive ray tracing and high performance rasterization, and its implementation within VMD, a widely used molecular visualization and analysis tool. The new rendering approach enables immersive molecular visualization with rendering techniques such as shadows, ambient occlusion lighting, depth-of-field, and high quality transparency, that are particularly helpful for the study of large biomolecular complexes. We describe ray tracing algorithms that are used to optimizeinteractivity and quality, and we report key performance metrics of the system. The new techniques can also benefit many other application domains.
Ökonomische Bildung und Kompetenz im allgemein bildenden Unterricht

In der gegenwartigen Arbeits-, Berufs- und Lebenswirklichkeit lassen sich bekanntermasen weiter wachsende Tendenzen einer Okonomisierung beobachten (Aschenbrucker 1996, 3). Faktisch resultiert aus dieser Entwicklung fur alle Mitglieder der Gesellschaft die notwendige Bedingung einer kontinuierlichen Verfugung uber okonomisches Wissen, uber das Erkennen okonomischer Zusammenhange und uber die Fahigkeit, in der gesamten Lebensspanne auch okonomisch problemlosend denken und handeln zu konnen. In schulischen Lehrplanen liegt eine explizite Thematisierung und Reflexion dieser Entwicklungstendenz bisher jedoch immer noch unzureichend vor (Kruber 2000, 285 ff.; von Rosen 2000, 12f.). Sucht man nach Ursachen fur dieses Phanomen, so drangt sich die Vermutung auf, dass die unangemessene Verankerung okonomisch relevanter Themen im allgemein bildenden Schulsystem in Deutschland aus bestimmten Traditionen heraus nach wie vor mit hohen Blockaden zu kampfen hat. Dieser Zustand ist schwer verstandlich vor dem Hintergrund der Tatsache, dass diese Entwicklungstendenzen mehr denn je die Wirklichkeit aller Burgerinnen und Burger beruhrt. Selbst Bildungsinstitutionen — beispielsweise Universitaten — werden in immer groser werdenden Umfang nach okonomischen Kriterien bewertet, die Strukturen entsprechend reorganisiert. Der Wettbewerb und Verteilungskampf um knappe Ressourcen sowohl unter der Grundgesamtheit der Bildungsinstitutionen als auch innerhalb der einzelnen Institution wachst weiter: Als Anbieter von Dienstleistungen unterliegen sie harten und harteren Bewertungs- und Erfolgsmasstaben (outcomes management) i. S. okonomischer Effizienz.
Dissociation in Normal Populations

Historically, dissociation was an important clinical and theoretical topic at the beginning of the 1900s. The term psychological dissociation (desagregations psychologiques) was developed by Pierre Janet (Janet, 1889), and his work has been discussed by a number of sources (see Ellenberger, 1970; Haule, 1986; Quen, 1986; Sjovall, 1967, for historical overviews). Dissociation for Janet was the resultant of stress, with some individuals being seen as more susceptible to dissociation than others. Janet and other nineteenth-century investigators studied unusual cases of psychogenic memory disorder, dramatic changes in personality, discontinuities in consciousness and awareness, and sensorimotor disturbances that were attributed to the basic mechanism of dissociation (Nemiah, 1985, 1991). However, interest increasingly waned throughout subsequent decades. Historically, this decline can be attributed to both a rise of behaviorism in academic circles and the strength of psychoanalysis in clinical practice. Theoretically, the works of Janet, Jung, and others concerning dissociation were largely ignored in favor of Freud’s rival hypothesis of repression (Ellenberger, 1970; Frey-Rohn, 1974; Nemiah, 1985, 1991). However, we have recently seen a shift in perspective. With renewed interest in multiple personality disorder (MPD) (Putnam, 1989; Ross, 1989) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the 1980s, dissociation again has become an important theoretical and clinical consideration.
Supporting Students in Military Families during Times of Transition: A Call for Awareness and Action:

Throughout their time in school, students in military families face many challenging periods of transition, which include deployments, relocations, and the family's separation from the military. During these transitions, students in military families may be especially susceptible to social, emotional, and academic challenges both in their home lives and in their school lives. As advocates for all students, school counselors are called to actively support this population in these times of transition. Examples of support that aligns with these students' needs include performing academic interventions, creating partnerships with family and community members, accessing appropriate resources, facilitating peer support, referring students to outside mental health providers, and providing professional development training to equip other school personnel on best practices for working with this population. Overall, school counselors should be aware of best practices for intervening and should actively carry out th...
How Advertising and the Economy Work Together

There are many different types of advertising, each linked to a separate economic function. Advertising's economic benefits can be described, therefore, in terms of the separate economic functions it assists. It is hypothesized that different types of advertising benefit the specialization of production, competition in homogeneous markets, price information, the business cycle, employment, added net wealth, and advanced and developing economies. Understanding advertising's separate functions and benefits increases our knowledge of its economic value.
From the microbiome to the central nervous system, an update on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis in childhood

In the past century, advances in antibiotics and vaccination have dramatically altered the incidence and clinical outcomes of bacterial meningitis. We review the shifting epidemiology of meningitis in children, including after the implementation of vaccines that target common meningitic pathogens and the introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis offered to mothers colonized with Streptococcus agalactiae. We also discuss what is currently known about the pathogenesis of meningitis. Recent studies of the human microbiome have illustrated dynamic relationships of bacterial and viral populations with the host, which may potentiate the risk of bacterial meningitis.
HBO’s Girls and Twenty-First-Century Education

In this chapter, Witherington examines how Girls critiques US perspectives of higher education. In addition to exposing biases in twenty-first-century public and private universities, Girls focuses on a particular sub-population of white, upper-middle-class students and graduates who remain blindly ignorant of the privileges they have been afforded by their race and class. The series’ timely exploration of how the value of tertiary education has shifted reveals the need for characters to mature beyond the institutions that have previously defined them.
Burning Fat and Building Bone by FSH Blockade.

The rise of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hallmark of menopause associated with osteoporosis and visceral adiposity. In Nature, Zaidi and colleagues (Liu et al., 2017) report that blocking FSH action reduces body fat by promoting brown/beige fat thermogenesis, potentially providing a new intervention for the treatment of menopause-related metabolic diseases.
Characterisation of Nav1.7 functional expression in rat dorsal root ganglia neurons by using an electrical field stimulation assay

BackgroundThe Nav1.7 subtype of voltage-gated sodium channels is specifically expressed in sensory and sympathetic ganglia neurons where it plays an important role in the generation and transmissio...
Interns’ perceptions of HR practices and their influence on fit and intentions to join

This study examines interns’ perceptions of HR practices and their influence on person–organization fit, person–job fit, and intentions to join the organization. The hypotheses are developed with s...
Silicon photonics for optical computing, interconnects and sensing

Silicon photonics has been an active research topic for the past twenty years. The maturity of silicon nanofabrication and the transparency of silicon material at C- and L-band are a critical factor for the realization of silicon photonics for real applications. However, due to the intrinsic nature of indirect bandgap, hybrid integration with external III-V based lasers is the trend for integration. In this talk, we will focus on several key application areas. Figure 1 shows the system architecture to be demonstrated using III-V and silicon integrated photonic devices where energy consumption and bandwidth can be significantly improved.
Somatic Cell Genetic Analyses to Identify HIV-1 Host Restriction Factors

Cellular proteins are critically involved in all steps of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1) life cycle. Disruption of host functions essential for virus replication or discovery of new proteins that block viral replication may provide novel antiviral approaches. In recent years, genetic selections for and against genes carried by retroviral vectors have become increasingly powerful, allowing for the isolation of cells with altered susceptibility to virus infection. Screening complementary DNA libraries for clones able to induce resistance to infection by recombinant HIV-1 genomes, has proved to be an excellent tool to identify new interfering factors. The restriction factors TRIM5alpha1, the Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein ZAP) 2 as well as the dominant negative factor N-86-HnRNPU 3 have all been discovered by means of such genetic screens. Here we report the strategy and techniques to prepare a library and isolate HIV antiviral genes, using the identification of N-86-HnRNPU as an example.
Gathering Information: Asking Questions

An essential component of genetic counseling is obtaining information about patient situations in order to assess their reasons for seeking genetic counseling; the decisions, if any, they wish to make; and factors that are relevant to their situations. Questioning is an important skill for eliciting these types of information. Questioning also aids in diagnosis and risk assessment. This chapter distinguishes among different types of questions (e.g., open-ended questions, closed-ended questions), identifies the function of questions in genetic counseling, and describes culturally sensitive ways to ask questions. The role of questions in gathering relevant family and medical histories and pedigree construction is discussed, and effective and ineffective strategies for asking questions are described and illustrated with concrete examples. Activities and written exercises help students develop questioning skills through self-reflection, practice, and feedback.
Experimental Investigation of Diffuser Hub Injection to Improve Centrifugal Compressor Stability

Results from a series of experiments to investigate whether centrifugal compressor stability could be improved by injecting air through the diffuser hub surface are reported. The research was conducted in a 4:1 pressure ratio centrifugal compressor configured with a vane-island diffuser. Injector nozzles were located just upstream of the leading edge of the diffuser vanes. Nozzle orientations were set to produce injected streams angled at 8, 0 and +8 degrees relative to the vane mean camber line. Several injection flow rates were tested using both an external air supply and recirculation from the diffuser exit. Compressor flow range did not improve at any injection flow rate that was tested. Compressor flow range did improve slightly at zero injection due to the flow resistance created by injector openings on the hub surface. Leading edge loading and semi-vaneless space diffusion showed trends similar to those reported earlier from shroud surface experiments that did improve compressor flow range. Opposite trends are seen for hub injection cases where compressor flow range decreased. The hub injection data further explain the range improvement provided by shroud-side injection and suggest that different hub-side techniques may produce range improvement in centrifugal compressors.
Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure Is Associated With Hospitalization and Mortality in an Unselected Adult Population.

BACKGROUND Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been associated with poor health outcomes in high-risk patients, but its association with more general populations is poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed outcomes from 240,622 otherwise unselected patients who had 10 or more outpatient blood pressure readings recorded over a 3-year period and were aged from 20 to 100 years. RESULTS Whether calculated as SD, average change, or greatest change and systolic or diastolic blood pressure, we found that higher outpatient BPV was associated with subsequent hospitalization and mortality. Systolic pressure average change exceeding 10-12 mm Hg or diastolic exceeding 8 mm Hg significantly increased risk of hospitalization and death (odds ratios [ORs] from 2.0 to 4.5). Variability in the highest decile increased risks even more dramatically, with propensity-matched ORs from 4.4 to 42. A systolic change exceeding 35 mm Hg increased the relative risk of death 4.5-fold. Similarly, a diastolic change greater than 23-24 mm Hg almost tripled the risks of hospitalization and death. Neither stratification for hypertension nor propensity matching for risk factors within the database affected these associations. CONCLUSIONS Systolic and diastolic variabilities were each associated with subsequent adverse outcomes. Physicians should pay special attention to patients with swings in blood pressure between clinic visits. Electronic medical records should flag such variability.