cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Breakdown of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Disease Outcome of Viral Encephalitis in Mice

Changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were evaluated in two mouse models of viral encephalitis. The ability of sodium fluorescein (NaFl) to cross the BBB from the serum into the central nervous system was assayed in animals inoculated with virulent strains of either Banzi or Semliki Forest viruses. To test the hypothesis that increases in BBB permeability were associated with poor disease outcome subsequent experiments measured BBB permeability in conjunction with treatment with the interferon inducer Ampligen (poly I:poly C(12)U). A single intraperitoneal injection of Ampligen (1 mg/kg) administered either 24 h or 4-6 h before, but not 24 h after, virus inoculation with Banzi virus provided significant improvements in survival, viral brain titers, weight change and BBB permeability. In comparison, a similar treatment with Ampligen administered either 24 h or 4-6 h before inoculation with Semliki Forest virus was able to significantly improve weight change, and BBB permeability, but only animals receiving Ampligen 4-6 h pre-virus showed a significantly improved mortality. In general, it was found that evaluation of BBB permeability was a more sensitive indicator of disease outcome and the antiviral efficacy Ampligen than either weight change or brain viral titers.
Theory of the Protein Equilibrium Population Snapshot by H/D Exchange Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (PEPS-HDX-ESI-MS) Method used to obtain Protein Folding Energies/Rates and Selected Supporting Experimental Evidence.

Protein equilibrium snapshot by hydrogen/deuterium exchange electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PEPS-HDX-ESI-MS or PEPS) is a method recently introduced for estimating protein folding energies and rates. Herein we describe the basis for this method using both theory and new experiments. Benchmark experiments were conducted using ubiquitin because of the availability of reference data for folding and unfolding rates from NMR studies. A second set of experiments was also conducted to illustrate the surprising resilience of the PEPS to changes in HDX time, using staphylococcal nuclease and time frames ranging from a few seconds to several minutes. Theory suggests that PEPS experiments should be conducted at relatively high denaturant concentrations, where the protein folding/unfolding rates are slow with respect to HDX and the life times of both the closed and open states are long enough to be sampled experimentally. Upon deliberate denaturation, changes in folding/unfolding are correlated with associated changes in the ESI-MS signal upon fast HDX. When experiments are done quickly, typically within a few seconds, ESI-MS signals, corresponding to the equilibrium population of the native (closed) and denatured (open) states can both be detected. The interior of folded proteins remains largely un-exchanged. Amongst MS methods, the simultaneous detection of both states in the spectrum is unique to PEPS and provides a “snapshot” of these populations. The associated ion intensities are used to estimate the protein folding equilibrium constant (or the free energy change, ΔG). Linear extrapolation method (LEM) plots of derived ΔG values for each denaturant concentration can then be used to calculate ΔG in the absence of denaturant, ΔGH2O. In accordance with the requirement for detection of signals for both the folded and unfolded states, this theoretical framework predicts that PEPS experiments work best at the middle of the denaturation curve where natured and denatured protein molecules are equilibrated at easily detectable ratios, namely 1:1. It also requires that closed and open states have lifetimes measurable in the time frame of the HDX experiment. Because both conditions are met by PEPS, these measurements can provide an accurate assessment of closed/open state populations and thus protein folding energies/rates.
Perceived Effectiveness, Cost, and Availability of Patient Education Methods and Materials

To determine the efficacy of and need for patient education methods and media, a needs assessment was sent to 816 members of the American Association of Diabetes Educators. Respondents (n = 325, 40%) included 62% RNs, 36% RDs, 1% other; 62% CDEs. Their mean number of years experience in diabetes education was 8.5, and 99% routinely provided patient education. Respondents indicated that videotapes and slide tapes were the most educationally effective media and books and audiotapes were the least effective. Booklets and videotapes were the most cost-effective and computer-assisted instruction the least effective. While respondents perceived one-to-one counseling, skills training, and diabetes content sessions to be the three most educationally effective methods, support groups and large and small discussion groups were seen as the three most cost-effective educational methods. Among nine potential barriers to quality patient education listed, educators rated lack of third-party reimbursement as a major barrier most frequently and national availability of quality education materials as a barrier least frequently.
Collecting data via the internet: the development and deployment of a web-based survey

This report discusses the process of developing and deploying an Internet-based study that sought to replicate the results of a traditionally administered questionnaire. We present data on the characteristics of respondents, hit and completion rates, and the effectiveness of a dozen different methods of advertising the survey. Overall, we were very successful in soliciting a gay and lesbian sample of Internet-users and collected one of the largest samples for a Web-based survey to date. Publicity methods that addressed the target audience's specific interests were far more effective than broader advertising methods.
Facing Failure: The Use (and Abuse) of Rejection in Political Science

Not long ago, I received a packet of papers, the contents of which explained why my latest article submission was rejected by a well-known peer-reviewed journal. Like everyone else, I've been in this position before, but this time two things led me to more contemplation than usual. First, it was the first rejection since I received tenure, and I noted that job security did little to dampen my disappointment. Second, it came very shortly after I ran into a senior colleague, who noted fairly casually that two of his articles had just been turned down, one of them by a top political science journal.
“Non-White” Gentrification in Chicago’s Bronzeville and Pilsen: Racial Economy and the Intraurban Contingency of Urban Redevelopment

Urban redevelopment governances are commonly treated as singular, monolithic entities that are interactively homogeneous, deploying uniform ensembles of policies and practices across their respecti...
Effects of exercise therapy for the treatment of symptomatic full-thickness supraspinatus tears on in vivo glenohumeral kinematics

Background The high incidence of rotator cuff disease combined with high failure rates for nonoperative treatment of full-thickness rotator cuff tears underlines the importance of improving nonoperative management of rotator cuff tears. The study objective was to assess changes in in vivo glenohumeral kinematics of patients with a symptomatic full-thickness supraspinatus tear before and after a 12-week exercise therapy program. It was hypothesized that successful exercise therapy would result in improved kinematics (smaller translations and increased subacromial space). Materials and methods Five patients were recruited for the study and underwent dynamic stereoradiography analysis before and after a 12-week exercise therapy protocol to measure changes in glenohumeral joint translations and subacromial space during coronal plane abduction. Strength and patient-reported outcomes (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index) were also evaluated. Results After therapy, no subject went on to receive surgery. It was found that the contact path length of the humerus translating on the surface of the glenoid was reduced by 29% from 67.2% ± 36.9% glenoid height to 43.1% ± 26.9% glenoid height (P = .036) after therapy. Minimum acromiohumeral distance showed a small increase from 0.9 ± 0.6 mm to 1.3 ± 0.8 mm (P = .079). Significant improvements in strength and patient-reported outcomes were also observed (P Conclusions Successful exercise therapy for treatment of small full-thickness supraspinatus tears results in improvements in glenohumeral joint kinematics and patient-reported outcomes through increases in rotator cuff muscle strength and joint stability. This study may enable identification of prognostic factors that predict the response of a patient with a rotator cuff tear to exercise therapy.
Role of egg density on establishment and plant-to-plant movement by western corn rootworm larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

The effect of egg density on establishment and dispersal of larvae of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, was evaluated in a 3-yr field study. Implications of these data for resistance management plans for Bt crops are discussed. Viable egg levels of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 eggs per infested plant were evaluated in 2000, 2001, and 2002. A 3,200 viable egg level was also tested in 2001 and 2002. All eggs were infested on one plant per subplot in a field that was planted to soybean, Glycine max (L.), in the previous year. For each subplot, the infested plant, three plants down the row, the closest plant in the adjacent row of the plot, and a control plant at least 1.5 m from any infested plant (six plants total) were sampled. In 2000, there were five sample dates between egg hatch and pupation, and in 2001 and 2002, there were six sample dates. On each sample date, four replications of each egg density were sampled for both larval recovery and plant damage. Initial establishment on a corn plant seemed to not be density-dependent because a similar percentage of larvae was recovered from all infestation rates. Plant damage and, secondarily, subsequent postestablishment larval movement were density-dependent. Very little damage and postestablishment movement occurred at lower infestation levels, but significant damage and movement occurred at higher infestation rates. Movement generally occurred at a similar time as significant plant damage and not at initial establishment, so timing of movement seemed to be motivated by available food resources rather than crowding. At the highest infestation level in 2001, significant movement three plants down the row and across the 0.76 m row was detected, perhaps impacting refuge strategies for transgenic corn.
Management of hepatitis C infection among patients with renal failure

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a rising global public health burden with an estimated 130-150 million infected people worldwide and 350,000 to 500,000 HCV-related deaths each year. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also a highly prevalent public health issue as the escalating numbers of patients worldwide are developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension due to high fat diets and a growing obesity epidemic. The high incidence and prevalence of HCV infection leads to substantial morbidity and mortality among renal dialysis patients. Recommendations are to screen for HCV infection among all patients with renal failure especially prior to initiation of hemodialysis and renal transplant evaluation. HCV-antibody enzyme immunoassay (EIA) followed by confirmation with HCV RNA nucleic acid test (NAT) is recommended for low prevalence regions, but in dialysis centers with a high prevalence of HCV, initial testing with NAT is recommended due to higher false positive EIA rates. Liver biopsy is used to assess of liver disease severity. Transjugular liver biopsy, as an effective and safe technique in patients with ESRD can be considered instead of percutaneous approach. Non-invasive approaches to staging fibrosis, including liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography and panels of serum fibrosis biomarkers, are also widely used. Although difficult to manage, combined pegylated- interferon (PEG IFN) and ribavirin therapy was the only treatment modality available for HCV-positive patients until the recently introduced new direct-acting antiviral agents. However, except boceprevir, there are no currently available data to suggest that these new anti-viral drugs are safe and effective among end-stage renal failure patients. IFN-containing regimens were also associated with high rates of renal graft loss in post-renal transplant patients. Therefore, management of HCV infection in renal failure patients is unique and should be tailored individually with calculated risk/benefit ratio. New studies are immediately warranted to determine the safety profile and efficacy of newer anti-HCV drugs not only in patients with end-stage renal failure prior to kidney transplantation but also among kidney transplant recipients.
Dynamics of Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification in Hemlock and Hardwood Treefall Gaps

In this study I have attempted to integrate two major topics: (1) the role of disturbance regimes in structuring communities, and (2) the effects of various disturbances on ecosystem-level processes such as nitrogen cycling. In an old-growth, northern hard- wood-hemlock forest in upper Michigan, USA, I measured net N (nitrogen) mineralization rates in small (90-250 mi), recent (0-3 yr) treefall gaps. These gaps were paired with plots in adjacent, undisturbed forest; half of the plots were dominated by eastern hemlock and half by sugar maple. Net N mineralization was measured using monthly on-site soil in- cubations. I made corresponding measures of other soil characteristics, moisture, and canopy opening (square metres) in each plot. The nitrogen mineralization rate varied with physical differences that existed between forest plots and gap plots, as well as with canopy species dominance. In gaps, N miner- alization was higher under hemlock (forest, X = 95.3; gap, X = 107.3 kg ha-l yr'-) and lower under maple (forest, X = 102.0; gap, X = 88.5 kg ha-' yr'-). Nitrification of N was more than double in gaps under hemlock (forest, X = 27.4; gap, X = 69.8 kg/ha). Nitri- fication and soil pH were positively correlated in forest plots. I discuss the implications of these results for community compositional change and relevance to current hypotheses. These include hypotheses of mineralization rate change with disturbance, the role of nitrification in climax communities, and the influence of conifer canopy and litter on forest floor processes. Observed differences in these factors at this small-scale, single treefall level are compared with other large-scale whole-ecosystem studies. Implications for species adapted to this disturbance pattern are suggested. I hy- pothesize an interrelationship for the various observed changes in gaps and a mechanism for the exploitation of these increased resources by plants.
Rapid development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and fibrous osteodystrophy in a juvenile orangutan

This study presents a probable case of rapidly-developed fibrous osteodystrophy and secondary hyperparathyroidism in a juvenile wild-caught zoo orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus. Cases of this metabolic disease, associated with captivity in primates, are underreported in non-human Hominidae, and none to the extent of postcranial afflictions. We present the first described case of these metabolic pathologies of a great ape at both the cranial and skeletal levels.
Insomnia symptoms and suicidality in the National Comorbidity Survey - Adolescent Supplement.

OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we examined the relationship between insomnia symptoms and suicidality in a national sample of US adolescents, while controlling for several psychiatric disorders that are known to be associated with suicidality. Additionally, we examined whether insomnia symptoms interact to affect any suicidality variables. METHODS: Study participants were 10,123 adolescents between the ages of 13-18 from the National Comorbidity Survey - Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). RESULTS: In bivariate analyses, all insomnia symptoms (i.e., difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and early morning awakening) were associated with suicide ideation, plan and attempts. In multivariate analyses, controlling for substance use, mood and anxiety disorders, as well as important covariates, difficulties falling and staying asleep had a significant relationship with 12-month and lifetime suicide variables while early morning awakening did not. CONCLUSIONS: Two of the three insomnia symptoms had a significant association with suicide thoughts and plan even after controlling for psychiatric disorders that were known to affect suicidality. Having trouble falling sleeping or staying asleep had both direct and indirect relationships (via substance use, mood and anxiety disorders) on suicidal behavior. Assessment and treatment of sleep disturbances may reduce the risk for suicidality in adolescents.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Language: en
A Technique for Ureteral Stump Ablation

A total of 5 children underwent successful electrofulguration of a distal ectopic ureteral stump with reflux. Electrofulguration was performed endoscopically in 4 girls and in 1 boy the stump was ablated during an open operation. The procedure, which is simple and safe, obviates the potential nidus for recurrent infection.
Excess value and restructurings by diversified firms

Abstract We examine whether restructuring decisions by diversified firms are related to their excess values. We find that changes in diversification level, measured as changes in the number of segments or number of industries, are positively and significantly associated with excess values. Further, at lower levels of excess values, firms are significantly more likely to increase focus than maintain their existing levels of diversification and, at higher levels of excess values, they are significantly more likely to diversify further than maintain or reduce their current levels of diversification. These findings indicate that excess value variations are meaningful and predict restructuring decisions.
Memory for Form

This chapter discusses the memory for form in nonhuman primates. It describes four successive experiments on short-term memory (STM) of monkeys in a 4 × 4 matrix, which followed a natural order of experimentation, proceeding from the memory of a single lighted cell to two cells, and then to four. With only one lighted cell per trial, forgetting occurred very rapidly during the first 5 seconds. Analysis of the effects of practice showed that the long-term memory (LTM) component improved, whereas the STM component did not change reliably. At the very shortest intervals, middle-aged monkeys performed approximately as well as their progenitors, but as the delay increased, performance deteriorated, the decrement being greater in old animals than in middle-aged ones. Position effects were highly reliable, the best performance in the one-light condition being to corner cells, the next best to cells on the edge, and the poorest to cells in the center. This was probably related to the number of competing alternative responses in the form of adjacent cells, the corner having three, the side five, and the center eight. STM was impaired by visual confusion stimuli, but the effect occurred at the time of encoding and not during the delay. Confusion was greater as the number of confusion stimuli increased but, paradoxically, the experience with confusion stimuli caused improvement in the previously asymptotic levels of performance in reproducing patterns in the matrix.
Bots for Tots: Building Inclusive Makerspaces by Leveraging "Ways of Knowing"

Despite an explicit commitment to epistemic diversity, making and makerspaces have struggled to serve a diverse population of creators and have become heavily dominated by men. Drawing on the construct of "ways of knowing" from the feminist tradition the Bots for Tots project explores the affordances of activity framings and structures that tap into alternate mental dispositions to broaden participation and interest in maker activities. In this paper I present data from a workshop with 9-10 year olds explicitly framed to be about making toys for children in the community. I show that when making is framed as being a set of practices, skills, and technologies to give back to and support members of one's community, young girls were highly motivated to engage in the maker activity, persisted through construction challenges, and showed interest in further exploring making and technology to help others.
Transcriptome-wide identification of mRNAs and lincRNAs associated with trastuzumab-resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer

// Callie R. Merry 1, 2 , Sarah McMahon 1 , Megan E. Forrest 1 , Cynthia F. Bartels 1 , Alina Saiakhova 1 , Courtney A. Bartel 3 , Peter C. Scacheri 1, 3 , Cheryl L. Thompson 3, 5 , Mark W. Jackson 3 , Lyndsay N. Harris 3, 4 , Ahmad M. Khalil 1, 2, 3 1 Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA 2 Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA 3 Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA 4 Department of Medicine and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA 5 Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Correspondence to: Ahmad M. Khalil, email: Dr.Ahmad.Khalil@gmail.com Keywords: breast cancer, HER2, drug resistance, trastuzumab-resistance, cancer therapy Received: March 11, 2016 Accepted: July 09, 2016 Published: July 16, 2016 ABSTRACT Approximately, 25–30% of early-stage breast tumors are classified at the molecular level as HER2-positive, which is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Amplification of the HER2 gene in these tumors results in a substantial increase in HER2 mRNA levels, and consequently, HER2 protein levels. HER2, a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is targeted therapeutically by a monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab (Tz), which has dramatically improved the prognosis of HER2-driven breast cancers. However, ~30% of patients develop resistance to trastuzumab and recur; and nearly all patients with advanced disease develop resistance over time and succumb to the disease. Mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance (TzR) are not well understood, although some studies suggest that growth factor signaling through other receptors may be responsible. However, these studies were based on cell culture models of the disease, and thus, it is not known which pathways are driving the resistance in vivo . Using an integrative transcriptomic approach of RNA isolated from trastuzumab-sensitive and trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ tumors, and isogenic cell culture models, we identified a small set of mRNAs and lincRNAs that are associated with trastuzumab-resistance (TzR). Functional analysis of a top candidate gene, S100P, demonstrated that inhibition of S100P results in reversing TzR. Mechanistically, S100P activates the RAS/MEK/MAPK pathway to compensate for HER2 inhibition by trastuzumab. Finally, we demonstrated that the upregulation of S100P appears to be driven by epigenomic changes at the enhancer level. Our current findings should pave the path toward new therapies for breast cancer patients.
Comparative Analysis of Characteristics of Voice Use Amidst Clergy.

Summary The development of "Care of the Professional Voice" as a subspecialty of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery has expanded the concept of professional voice users. Although sometimes uncompensated, the clergy represents a unique group of voice users who are required to perform at a professional level. Additionally, cultural norms create great diversity in terms of style of delivery and typical venues, adding to the interest in this subset of professional voice users. We surveyed 403 respondents and found certain factors predictive of voice problems for members of the clergy. Age, length of sermon, and ethnicity were all found to be statistically significant indicators. Further investigations are needed.
The Significant Surface-Water Connectivity of “Geographically Isolated Wetlands"

We evaluated the current literature, coupled with our collective research expertise, on surface-water connectivity of wetlands considered to be “geographically isolated” (sensu Tiner Wetlands 23:494–516, 2003a) to critically assess the scientific foundation of grouping wetlands based on the singular condition of being surrounded by uplands. The most recent research on wetlands considered to be “geographically isolated” shows the difficulties in grouping an ecological resource that does not reliably indicate lack of surface water connectivity in order to meet legal, regulatory, or scientific needs. Additionally, the practice of identifying “geographically isolated wetlands” based on distance from a stream can result in gross overestimates of the number of wetlands lacking ecologically important surface-water connections. Our findings do not support use of the overly simplistic label of “geographically isolated wetlands”. Wetlands surrounded by uplands vary in function and surface-water connections based on wetland landscape setting, context, climate, and geographic region and should be evaluated as such. We found that the “geographically isolated” grouping does not reflect our understanding of the hydrologic variability of these wetlands and hence does not benefit conservation of the Nation’s diverse wetland resources. Therefore, we strongly discourage use of categorizations that provide overly simplistic views of surface-water connectivity of wetlands fully embedded in upland landscapes.
P2011 Novel analysis of global DNA methylation in the limbic system of the bovine brain.

Citation: Cantrell, B. A., McKay, S. D., Weaber, R. L., Funston, R. N., & Lachance, H. (2016). Novel analysis of global DNA methylation in the limbic system of the bovine brain. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 43-43. doi:10.2134/jas2016.94supplement443x
Nanophotonic design for 2D and quantum materials (Conference Presentation)

Design of the resonant optical response of ultrathin two-dimensional materials and heterostructures is enabling scientific exploration of new materials phenomena. As an example, demonstrate near-unity, broadband absorbing optoelectronic devices using sub-15 nm thick transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) of molybdenum andtungsten as van der Waals semiconductor active layers. Specifically, we report that near-unity light absorption is possible in extremely thin (<15 nm) van der Waals semiconductor structures by coupling to strongly damped optical modes of semiconductor/metal heterostructures. We further fabricate Schottky junction devices using these highly absorbing heterostructures and characterize their optoelectronic performance. Our work addresses one of the key criteria to enable TMDCs as potential candidates to achieve high optoelectronic efficiency. We also report mid-infrared spectroscopy measurements of an electrostatically gated topological insulator, in which we observe several percent modulation of transmittance and reflectance of (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 films as gating shifts the Fermi level. Infrared transmittance measurements of gated (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 films were enabled by use of an epitaxial lift-off method for large-area transfer of TI films from the infrared-absorbing SrTiO3 growth substrates to thermal oxidized silicon substrates. We combine these optical experiments with transport measurements and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to identify the observed spectral modulation as a gate-driven transfer of spectral weight between both bulk and topological surface channels and interband and intraband channels. We develop a model for the complex permittivity of gated (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3, and find a good match to our experimental data. These results open the path for layered topological insulator materials as a new candidate for tunable infrared optics and highlight the possibility of switching topological optoelectronic phenomena between bulk and spin-polarized surface regimes.
Abstract 042: Radiation-Associated Cardiovascular Risks for Future Deep-Space Missions

During the future Moon and Mars missions astronauts will be exposed to space radiation (IR) for extended time. The effect of cosmic IR during and after space flights on cardiovascular (CV) system is unknown. Nine-month old C57BL/6N male mice were IR once with proton 50 cGy or 56Fe 15 cGy, both at 1 GeV/nucleon. We evaluated IR-induced biological responses - underlying molecular mechanisms, calcium handling, signal transduction and gene expression. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was increased in 56Fe mice 1 and 3 months post-IR (p By 3 months, compared to control, proton- and 56Fe-IR hearts SERCA2a and p-Creb1 was decreased 200-500% (p By 10 months, compared to control, LVESP was decreased in proton- and 56Fe-IR (p Our longitudinal 1, 3 and 10 months studies reveal that a single full body low dose proton- and 56Fe-IR have long-lasting negative effect on heart homeostasis during aging. The divergent effects of low dose proton vs. 56Fe-IR on heart function during aging suggest significantly different biological mechanisms responsible for this ion-dependent dichotomy over 10 months post-IR and necessitate further studies into underlying molecular mechanisms.
Multiple imputation for nonignorable missing data

Multiple imputation is a popular technique for analyzing incomplete data. Missing at random mechanism is often assumed when multiple imputation is performed, assuming that the response mechanism does not depend on the missing variable. However, the assumption of ignorable nonresponse may lead to largely biased estimates when in fact the missingness is nonignorable. In this paper, we propose a multiple imputation method in the presence of nonignorable nonresponse. In the proposed method, we take the selection model approach and specify the response model and the respondents’ outcome model to capture the joint model of the study variable and the response indicator. The proposed data augmentation algorithm uses the respondents’ outcome model and incorporates a semiparametric estimation of the respondents’ outcome model. The proposed multiple imputation method performs well if the specified response model is correct. Limited simulation studies are presented to check the performance of the proposed multiple imputation method.
NAPLib: An open source toolbox for real-time and offline Neural Acoustic Processing

In this paper, we introduce the Neural Acoustic Processing Library (NAPLib), a toolbox containing novel processing methods for real-time and offline analysis of neural activity in response to speech. Our method divides the speech signal and resultant neural activity into segmental units (e.g., phonemes), allowing for fast and efficient computations that can be implemented in real-time. NAPLib contains a suite of tools that characterize various properties of the neural representation of speech, which can be used for functionality such as characterizing electrode tuning properties, brain mapping and brain computer interfaces. The library is general and applicable to both invasive and non-invasive recordings, including electroencephalography (EEG), electrocorticography (ECoG) and magnetoecnephalography (MEG). In this work, we describe the structure of NAPLib, as well as demonstrating its use in both EEG and ECoG. We believe NAPLib provides a valuable tool to both clinicians and researchers who are interested in the representation of speech in the brain.
Should you always have a backup? One vs. two goals in games

Number of goals does not have direct relationship with performance.People with two goals had higher self-appraisals of performance and played longer.Of those with two goals, a high percentage of people stopped after achieving their backup goal. Goal setting theory has been studied and adopted in a wide variety of domains including game design. While goals can help people regulate and change behavior, they are less motivating when people no longer believe they can meet their goals. Previous literature suggests that having two goalsa primary goal and a backup goalmight help people continue striving even when the primary goal becomes unattainable. We evaluated this hypothesis and found no direct relationship between two goals and performance. However, people having two goals had higher self-appraisals of their performance than those with one goal. People in the two-goal condition also played more rounds or spent more time in games. However, a high percentage of people stopped playing after achieving their backup goal. These results have the potential to enhance game experiences and may extend to other domains, such as health behavior change.
Frictional pressure drop analysis for horizontal and vertical air-water two-phase flows in different pipe sizes

Abstract This study performs an experimental investigation of frictional pressure drop in air–water two-phase flows in straight pipes. A reliable experimental database for the two-phase pressure drop and void fraction is established with a differential pressure transducer and a four-sensor conductivity probe, respectively. The two-phase flow investigated focuses on gas-dispersed flow regimes in different pipe diameters of 38.1 mm, 50.8 mm, and 101.6 mm. Systematic study on the effects of flow orientation, flow regime and pipe size is performed. The most commonly used predictive models for the two-phase frictional pressure drop are evaluated with the newly established database and the existing databases found in the literature. It is demonstrated that both the conventional Lockhart-Martinelli approach and the ϕ f – correlation can generally predict the two-phase frictional pressure drop very well with different suggested values of coefficients C and n for different flow orientations, based on the established data. Meanwhile, the results show that the values of C and n are independent of the pipe size and the flow regime. The homogeneous flow model is evaluated with four β (ratio of volumetric flow rates) based mixture viscosity correlations. The predictions with the Beattie and Whalley mixture viscosity correlation are found to be the best regardless of the flow orientation. The Lockhart-Martinelli approach with the coefficient C calculated by correlation employed in the nuclear system analysis code RELAP5-3D and the Muller-Steinhagen and Heck correlation are also evaluated. It is found that these two modeling approaches as well as the homogeneous flow model tend to underestimate most of the experimental data. Improvements for pressure drop prediction in nuclear reactor safety analysis codes are observed.
Surrogates' experiences of engaging in Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment discussions for persons with advanced dementia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about surrogates' experiences of engaging in Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) discussions. This study describes family surrogates' experiences when engaging in POLST discussions with primary care providers. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 family surrogates of individuals with advanced dementia who were enrolled in a Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly or resided in a nursing home. Interviews were analyzed using directed content analysis based on the conceptual model of communication and surrogate decision making by Torke et al. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:: Surrogates reported that clear explanations of clinical information and the opportunity to ask questions and reiterate what they heard were helpful in making treatment decisions. Moreover, surrogates reported feeling respected and understood when providers expressed concern for them or their family member with advanced dementia and asked them about their emotional responses to decision making. Although nine surrogates reported very positive communication with providers, one surrogate expressed discomfort with the interaction and described feeling pressured to make health care decisions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE With effective communication, family surrogates feel emotionally supported during communication and decision-making processes. Providers are encouraged to focus on developing expert communication skills for end-of-life care discussions.
Collapsing Glomerulopathy in Lambda Light Chain Amyloidosis: A Report of 2 Cases

Amyloid nephropathy is an uncommon disease that frequently presents with reduced kidney function and proteinuria and, in developed nations, is most often associated with underlying paraproteinemia. The histologic appearance of glomerular amyloid deposition includes mesangial and capillary wall infiltration by an amorphous eosinophilic material, and features of endo- or extracapillary proliferation are not typically seen. Rare cases of crescentic injury have been reported in a subset of patients with amyloid nephropathy, particularly those with amyloid derived from serum amyloid A protein. Collapsing glomerulopathy, which like crescentic injury is associated with an extracapillary proliferation, has not to our knowledge been reported in the setting of amyloid nephropathy. We report 2 patients presenting with acute kidney injury and nephrotic syndrome found to have amyloid nephropathy with prominent epithelial cell hyperplasia and glomerular collapse on biopsy. This injury is likely multifactorial and related to direct podocyte injury and vascular compromise and expands further the spectrum of paraprotein-associated renal injury.
Impact of minority status following traumatic spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To interpret the data from the Spinal Cord Injury-Model Systems as it applies to demographics, incidence and functional outcomes of minority patients with spinal cord injury. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Centers. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics including means, standard deviations, and proportions were computed for all relevant variables. Participants were grouped into two categories for purposes of analysis, non-minorities (white) and minorities, who were >90% African American. Differential statistics were used for comparisons with regard to demographics, etiology, sponsor of care, length of stay, charges, ASIA Motor Index scores, and FIM scores. Categorical data was analyzed using chi-square analyses while continuous data were analyzed using ANOVA procedures. Analyses revealed significant differences between minorities and non-minorities in terms of age at injury, gender, marital status, employment status, education level, health insurance provider, injury severity, etiology, and discharge disposition. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the data indicates that violence is the leading single cause of spinal cord injury in minority patients admitted to the model systems centers. The majority of patients who sustained spinal cord injury secondary to violence were minorities with the following demographics: young, single, unemployed males, with less than a high school education, residing in an urban area. Language: en
Redox regulation by NRF2 in aging and disease

NRF2, a transcription factor that has been deemed the master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis, declines with age. NRF2 transcriptionally upregulates genes that combat oxidative stress; therefore, loss of NRF2 allows oxidative stress to go unmitigated and drive the aging phenotype. Oxidative stress is a common theme among the key features associated with the aging process, collectively referred to as the "Hallmarks of Aging", as it disrupts proteostasis, alters genomic stability, and leads to cell death. In this review, we outline the role that oxidative stress and the reduction of NRF2 play in each of the Hallmarks of Aging, including how they contribute to the onset of neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and other age-related pathologies.
Co-Optimizing CPUs and Accelerators in Constrained Systems

The rapid rise in popularity of machine learning techniques to mimic functionalities of human cognition and solve problems such as natural language processing has driven a push toward the creation of application-specific accelerators included alongside general-purpose CPUs to improve the performance of inference applications. While significant work has been done to model these accelerators and create ways to explore their design spaces and have even incorporated external effects like data transfer latency, they do not account for the portion of the workload running on the CPU. When designing an electronic system under constraints, prioritizing the accelerator can harm the power or performance of the CPU and reduce the overall quality of the design when running workloads with significant components on it. In this work, we present several workloads running on a RISC- V system with an accelerator tailored to each one and show how the overall power, performance, and area can benefit in the presence of constraints by co-designing the two parts. By using this methodology, we show that power, performance, and area can be improved by up to 66%, 40%, and 25 %, respectively, given constraints on each metric.
Abstract 276: Targeting AXL sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer to ATR inhibitors by enhancing replication stress

Therapeutic resistance limits effective treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a better understanding of mechanisms contributing to resistance and strategies to overcome these are urgently needed. AXL, a TAM family receptor tyrosine kinase, has emerged as a key determinant of intrinsic and acquired resistance to chemotherapy, radiation and targeted therapies in NSCLC and other cancers, through its roles in mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune escape. We previously showed that AXL may also play a role in DNA damage repair and that AXL overexpression mediated primary as well as acquired resistance to inhibitors of WEE1, a replication stress response kinase, in small cell lung cancer. In the present study, we further investigated the role of AXL in replication stress response. We found that, in NSCLC cell lines, AXL inhibition with the selective small-molecule AXL inhibitor BGB324 caused replication stress checkpoint activation, as indicated by increased RPA32 hyper-phosphorylation and ATR-mediated CHK1 phosphorylation. We further screened ATR inhibitors, VX-970 and AZD6738, in a panel of 20 NSCLC cell lines and correlated drug sensitivity with baseline expression of over 200 phosphorylated and total proteins, measured by reverse phase protein array. Notably, AXL was one of the biomarkers of resistance to the ATR inhibitor VX-970 (rho=0.52, p In conclusion, these findings suggest that AXL may play a novel and unexpected role in regulating replication stress. Furthermore, our results show that targeting AXL sensitizes NSCLC cell lines with primary resistance to ATR inhibitors and that AXL/ATR inhibitor combinations could be useful in treating platinum- and PARP inhibitor-resistant SLFN11-low tumors. Citation Format: Kavya Ramkumar, Pan Tong, You-Hong Fan, David Peng, John V. Heymach, Don L. Gibbons, Jing Wang, Lauren A. Byers. Targeting AXL sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer to ATR inhibitors by enhancing replication stress [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 276.
Minimally invasive Roux-en-Y reconstruction as a salvage operation after failed nissen fundoplication.

Conversion of Nissen fundoplication to Roux-en-Y (RnY) anatomy may be indicated in patients with post-surgical complications or who fail to achieve durable control of their disease. Herein we describe the largest series of patients at a single institution who underwent minimally invasive conversion of Nissen fundoplication to RnY reconstruction. All patients with prior Nissen fundoplication which were converted to RnY anatomy at our institution from March 2009 through November 2017 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Patients were identified based on CPT codes and the description of the operation performed. All cases with attempted minimally invasive approach were included for analysis. Fifty patients underwent conversion from prior Nissen fundoplication to RnY anatomy during the study period. The cohort was 84.0% female with a mean age of 53.5 years and a median body mass index of 36.7 kg/m2. Thirteen patients (26.0%) had multiple prior foregut operations. Complications from fundoplication that warranted revision included recurrent hiatal hernia (n = 16), post-surgical gastroparesis (n = 10), and mechanical complications from the wrap (n = 8). An additional fourteen patients underwent conversion to RnY for metabolic disease. The mean operative time and estimated blood loss were 266 min and 132 mL, respectively, with all but one (98.0%) completed with a minimally invasive approach. The median length of stay was 5 days. Complications included marginal ulcer (n = 2), superficial surgical site infection (n = 2), anastomotic leak (n = 2), and one case each of pulmonary embolism, small bowel obstruction, and gastrointestinal bleeding. There were no mortalities at a median follow-up of 12.4 months. Conversion of prior Nissen fundoplication to RnY anatomy is technically challenging, although it is safe and feasible even in the setting of multiple prior foregut operations. A minimally invasive approach should be offered to patients by surgeons with experience in revisional foregut and bariatric surgery.
“Be friends with all the children”: Friendship, group membership, and conflict management in a Russian preschool

Abstract Conflict is managed in diverse culturally-preferred ways in communities around the globe. This paper examines peer conflict management in a Russian preschool, a setting that is central for learning and practicing culturally-appropriate ways of conflict resolution. Conducted in a language socialization perspective, the paper examines ways in which a cultural norm of being friendly members of a group is communicated by the teachers within the context of peer conflict resolution. Teachers are observed using various resources including directives, narrative elicitations and questions, characterizations, as well as physical manipulation of students’ bodies and available material resources to encourage friendly peer interactions and positive social relationships among the children, as members of a group. The paper also examines children's reactions toward the socialization attempts demonstrating that as they learn to follow this cultural orientation, the children also learn the ways to creatively resist and appropriate such an orientation. The paper is based on discourse analysis of audio-visual recordings (40 hours) of adult–peer and peer–peer interactions and ethnographic observations conducted over a period of three consecutive summers.