cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching Students About Primitive Defenses in Supervision

ABSTRACT With the increase in narcissistic and borderline pathology, there is an increased incidence of clients who utilize primitive defenses such as splitting, projection and projective identification. Treating clients who employ primitive defense mechanisms often leads therapists to experience intense emotional reactions such as shame, rage and despair that are difficult for them to understand. This tendency is amplified in beginning therapists, for whom learning to do psychotherapy can be narcissistically injuring under the belt of circumstances. The current paper attempts to articulate some methods of teaching therapists-in-training to treat clients who utilize splitting and projective identification. A combined dydactic-experi-ential approach to supervision is recommended due to the importance of both intellectual understanding and the use-of-self-as-an-instrument when treating these clients.
Geometric phases of d -wave vortices in a model of lattice fermions

We study the local and topological features of Berry phases associated with the adiabatic transport of vortices in a $d$-wave superconductor of lattice fermions. At half filling, where the local Berry curvature must vanish due to symmetries, the phase associated with the exchange of two vortices is found to vanish as well, implying that vortices behave as bosons. Away from half filling, and in the limit where the magnetic length is large compared to the lattice constant, the local Berry curvature gives rise to an intricate flux pattern within the large magnetic unit cell. This renders the Berry phase associated with an exchange of two vortices highly path dependent. However, it is shown that ``statistical'' fluxes attached to the vortex positions are still absent. Despite the complicated profile of the Berry curvature away from half filling, we show that the average flux density associated with this curvature is tied to the average particle density. This is familiar from dual theories of bosonic systems, even though in the present case, the underlying particles are fermions.
Optimal one-page tree embeddings in linear time

In the minimum linear arrangement problem one wishes to assign distinct integers to the vertices of a given graph so that the sum of the differences (in absolute value) across the edges of the graph is minimized. This problem is known to be NP-complete for the class of all graphs, but polynomial for trees algorithms of time complexity O(n2.2) and O(n1.6) were given by Shiloach [SIAM J. Comput. 8 (1979) 15-32] and Chung [Comput. Math. Appl. 10 (1984) 43-60], respectively. We present a linear-time algorithm for finding the optimal embedding (arrangement) in a restricted but important class of embeddings called one-page embeddings.
Targeting the gut in shock and organ failure

Multiple organ system failure (MOSF) remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care. Despite therapeutic advances in organ system support, the incidence of MOSF remains high, varying from 14 to 38%.1,2 Although the gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatic response to critical illness remains incompletely understood, evidence is accumulating that GI function, particularly splanchnic bed perfusion and intestinal mucosal integrity, occupies a crucial role in the development and perpetuation of MOSF.3-6 The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the role of the gut in the development of MOSF, to describe current monitoring techniques to assess the adequacy of gut perfusion and function, and to analyze the impact of available gut-directed therapies on outcome.
Luteal regression with rat prolactin.

SummaryRats were hypophysectomized on the morning of the day of metestrus and remained untreated for 2 days. One group was then sacrificed; another group received 0.2 ml saline twice daily for 7 days, and a final group received 2 IU rat prolactin twice daily for 7 days. These two latter groups were sacrificed the day after the last injection. Ovarian weights were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) by treatment with rat prolactin. Histological sections of the ovarian tissue revealed a reduction in corpus luteum size and in the number of luteal cells. These findings suggest that prolactin is involved in luteal regression in normally cycling rats.The authors thank the Endocrinology Study Section, National Institutes of Health, NIAMD, Rat Pituitary Horrmone Program for the rat prolactin used in this study.
The growth of children following cranial irradiation

Children who have required cranial irradiation for malignant disease may become growth hormone (GH) deficient. We have reviewed the records of 37 children to determine whether their height velocity in the first 2 years following radiotherapy predicts those who would become GH deficient. Heights and pubertal stage were noted at presentation and annually until 5 years after diagnosis. Height and height velocity standard deviation scores (SDS) were calculated for each patient year of follow up. The results were analysed separately for those with a peak serum GH >15mU/L and those with a peak <15mU/L. Mean height SDS at 2 years fell to -0.7 and -1.06 in the GH normal and GH deficient groups respectively. Mean height velocity SDS for years 1 and 2 were -4.07 and -2.69 in the GH deficient patients compared with -1.68 and -1.12 in the GH normal patients. We conclude that the effects of cranial irradiation on height velocity are apparent within the first 12 months of treatment in those patients who become GH deficient.
Recent developments in NIST botanical SRMs

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (formerly the National Bureau of Standards (NBS)) issued the first botanical reference material certified for elemental content in January 1971, as Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1571, Orchard Leaves. In the following years a total of nine additional botanical certified reference materials have been issued by NIST. Each of these materials was certified for major, minor and trace elements except for SRM 2695, certified for fluorine only. Botanical SRMs issued since 1991 are significantly improved over previous materials in a number of ways. Probably the most significant change is the use of a jet-milling process to grind them to extremely fine particles. This has resulted in botanical SRMs with significantly improved homogeneity. These NIST reference materials are described with information on homogeneity, drying techniques and grit content.
SAR analysis of a series of acylthiourea derivatives possessing broad-spectrum antiviral activity.

Abstract A series of acylthiourea derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for broad-spectrum antiviral activity with selected viruses from Poxviridae (vaccinia virus) and two different genera of the family Bunyaviridae (Rift Valley fever and La Crosse viruses). A compound selected from a library screen, compound 1, displayed submicromolar antiviral activity against both vaccinia virus (EC50 = 0.25 μM) and La Crosse virus (EC50 = 0.27 μM) in cytopathic effect (CPE) assays. SAR analysis was performed to further improve antiviral potency and to optimize drug-like properties of the initial hits. During our analysis, we identified 26, which was found to be nearly fourfold more potent than 1 against both vaccinia and La Crosse viruses. Selected compounds were further tested to more fully characterize the spectrum of antiviral activity. Many of these possessed single digit micromolar and sub-micromolar antiviral activity against a diverse array of targets, including influenza virus (Orthomyxoviridae), Tacaribe virus (Arenaviridae), and dengue virus (Flaviviridae).
Discriminative dictionary learning with low-rank regularization for face recognition

We consider learning a discriminative dictionary in sparse representation and specifically focus on face recognition application to improve its performance. This paper presents an algorithm to learn a discriminative dictionary with low-rank regularization on the dictionary. To make the dictionary more discerning, we apply Fisher discriminant function to the coding coefficients with the goal that they have a small ratio of the within-class scatter to between-class scatter. However, noise in the training samples will undermine the discrimination power of the dictionary. To handle this problem, we base on low-rank matrix recovery theory and apply a low-rank regularization on the dictionary. The proposed discriminative dictionary learning with low-rank regularization (D2L2R2) algorithm is evaluated on several face image datasets in comparison with existing representative dictionary learning and classification algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate its superiority.
Massively Enlarged and Completely Ossified Stylohyoid Chain with Associated Neck Pain

Multiple radiologic and anatomic studies have shown variable ossification of the stylohyoid chain. There have been varied reports about increasing ossification with advancing age. Proximal ossification can be seen early in life while distal ossification towards the hyoid bone is more characteristic of advancing age. Abnormality is assumed when the total length of the stylohyoid process and stylohyoid ligament show an overall length of greater than 25 mm. Removal of the stylohyoid chain for pain related symptoms was first report in 1872. Pathological states can be evaluated as abnormal length of the stylohyoid bone and ossification of the styloyoid ligament, that latter which typically presents as pain when moving. Steinman proposed three theories for abnormal ossification. The “Theory of Reactive Hyperplasia” proposes trauma induces ossification in the post traumatic period (i.e. tonsillectomy). The “Theory of Reactive Hyperplasia” suggests traumatic events cause metaplastic changes throughout the stylohyoid ligament leading to ossification. The “Theory of Anatomic Variance” suggests ossification is a normal variant of development, explaining the early ossification prior to 20 years of age. The “Theory of Aging Developmental Anomaly” adds to this later theory by suggesting loss of elasticity in the stylohyoid ligament in advance age then leads to symptomatic complaints. Herein, we discuss the clinical presentation, radiographic evaluation, and management of a 62-year-old female presenting with neck pain with a histologically confirmed complete ossification of the stylohyoid ligament. We also review anatomical variations of the stylohyoid chain and potential associated symptoms. Introduction
Cyclostationary Feature Based Quickest Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Systems

Cyclostationary feature is incorporated into the framework of quickest spectrum sensing, which is based on the technique of quickest change detection, in cognitive radio systems. Different from detecting the change in a sequence of independent random variables, e.g. energydetection, the property change of random process with correlated observations should be detected in the context of cyclostationary feature based spectrum sensing. Motivated by traditional cumulative sum (CUSUM) test in quickest change detection, a multi-thread competition algorithm for detecting the change in cyclostationary feature is proposed to tackle the difficulty of correlated observations. A thread truncation approach is proposed to reduce the required amount of memory and computation. Numerical results show that the cyclostationary feature based quickest spectrum sensing significantly outperforms the traditional block detection based spectrum sensing scheme.
Women with eating disorder tendencies display altered cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and psychosocial profiles.

OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and psychosocial profiles were investigated in women with eating disorder tendencies, but who had never met clinical criteria for an eating disorder, and in healthy controls. METHODS Twenty-six women who scored in the highest distribution of the Eating Disorder Inventory bulimia subscale (HEDI women) and 27 women who scored in the lowest distribution (LEDI women) completed psychosocial questionnaires, underwent a speech reactivity task for measures of blood pressure and heart rate reactivity, and also underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and urinary neuroendocrine collection. RESULTS The HEDI women exhibited increased blood pressure and heart rate reactivity to the speech task and increased 24-hour urinary cortisol, but decreased 24-hour urinary norepinephrine compared with LEDI women. There were no overall group differences in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure levels, but negative mood and tension were associated with greater systolic blood pressures for all women. Finally, HEDI women reported greater depressive symptoms and anxiety, lower self-esteem and sense of mastery, less social support, poor coping skills, and greater emotional impact of daily stressors relative to LEDI women. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the same pattern of neuroendocrine and psychosocial profiles seen in prior studies of bulimia nervosa are also present in women with eating disorder tendencies.
Real-life environmental tobacco exposure does not affect exhaled nitric oxide levels in asthmatic children.

Serial measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) has been shown to be a good noninvasive marker of asthma control. Active smoking decreases eNO levels. The effect of real-life environmental exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS) on eNO levels is not known. Our objective was to study the impact of environmental tobacco exposure on eNO levels in asthmatic and non-asthmatic children. Single breath off-line collection of eNO was performed in asthmatic and non-asthmatic children with and without ETS. Urine was collected for cotinine/nicotine analysis. Fifty-seven children were enrolled, of which 25 were asthmatic and 32 had smoke exposure. One active smoker was excluded from the data analysis. The mean eNO was 11.1 ppb (n = 31; SD = 18.5) in those passively exposed vs. 11.1 ppb (n = 25; SD = 19.9) among the unexposed (not statistically significant). The mean eNO was 6.1 (n = 32; SD = 4.4) among the non-asthmatics and 17.8 (n = 24; SD = 27.4) among the asthmatics (p = 0.02; CI: 1.9–21.6). Real-life environmental tobac...
Critical concepts in abdominal injury

Missed intra-abdominal injuries are one of the most frequent causes of potentially preventable trauma deaths. The evaluation and management of abdominal trauma are dependant on multiple factors, including mechanism of injury, location of injury, hemodynamic status of the patient, neurologic status of the patient, associated injuries, and institutional resources.
The effect of experience on faculty attitudes toward collective bargaining: A cross-temporal analysis

We used multivariate analysis to investigate the change in the attitudes and expectations of AAUP members in a Midwestern university. Two models were developed to measure faculty attitudes toward the union, at the time of the election and four years after the election. The effect of experience on faculty attitudes toward the union is captured by comparing the results of the two models. Our findings suggest major differences in faculty attitudes and expectations prior to and after the union’s arrival. The results of our study have essential policy implications for unions in formulating successful strategies and for faculty in developing realistic expectations of collective bargaining.
The effect of very high magnetic fields on the delayed fluorescence from oriented bacterial reaction centers

Delayed fluorescence is observed from quinone-depleted Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers due to re-formation of the excited state of the special pair electron donor from the initially formed radical-pair state. Theoretical calculations based on the currently accepted scheme for the initial reaction dynamics predict quantum beats in the delayed fluorescence time evolution at very high magnetic field for oriented reaction centers. The delayed fluorescence was observed at magnetic fields from 1 kG to 150 kG using time-resolved single-photon counting. The reaction centers were oriented by insertion into phosphatidylcholine vesicles that were subsequently air-dried. Quantum beats were not observed, indicating that the reaction scheme may need revision. Saturation of the magnetic field effect on the delayed fluorescence lifetime was observed above 100 kG. The decay rate above saturation permits the first direct measurement of kT, the rate of radical pair decay to the triplet state of the electron donor. We obtain a value for kT of (4.0±0.3)·108 s−1. The implications of this value of kT and the absence of quantum beats at high field are discussed further in the accompanying manuscript. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 977 (1989) 78–86).
A Condition for Independence of Permanent and Transitory Components of a Series

Abstract This article derives a necessary condition for the independence of permanent and transitory components of a series when the permanent component is any weighted average of past, present and future values of the observed series and the transitory component is the difference between the contemporaneous observed and permanent values of the series. This restrictive necessary condition is derived assuming a most elementary stochastic specification of the observed series. A specific example of the restrictiveness of this condition is afforded if the permanent component of a series is generated by the Koyck or exponentially-weighted expectations model. For this leading example it is possible to derive the theoretical correlation between the permanent and transitory components of the series as a positive valued function of the coefficient of expectations adjustment. Finally, we discuss the importance of these results to Friedman's [3] permanent income theory and suggest a modification of that theory.
Weak Bones in Crate Fed Poultry

Abstract The finishing of market poultry by special feeding under close confinement for a short time before slaughter has during recent years become a general practice. The length of the profitable feeding period varies somewhat with the age, variety and inherent vigor of the stock and ranges from 7 to 20 days. Practical feeders have often reported a considerable loss from leg and wing breakage when crate fed broilers and springs have been dressed after the feeding period. The questions which immediately present themselves are,—Is the reported bone weakness due to lack of exercise during the feeding period, lack of inorganic elements in the ration used, lack of radiant energy which is now known to affect the assimilation of calcium and phosphorus, or is it due to an inherent lack of vigor in some of the stock received at the feeding stations. A series of experiments aimed . . .
The Permanent Income Theory of Consumption — A Restatement

I. Analysis of specification bias, 229. — II. Empirical results on specification bias, 234. — III. The reformulation of the permanent income hypothesis, 242. — IV. Further results and conclusions, 247.
Oxygen free radicals and myocardial reperfusion injury

Diseases involving tissue reperfusion following ischemia are gaining significance in emergency medicine. The significance of reperfusion injury and the probable role of oxygen-derived free radicals has been described in many tissues, particularly the heart. During myocardial reperfusion a burst of oxygen-derived free radicals overwhelms normal cellular defenses. These radicals may have several detrimental effects. They can oxidize lipids, leading to membrane dysfunction. They can also alter nucleic and other proteins. Cellular dysfunction and death may ensue. Prevention of oxygen-derived free radical injury appears possible and may be feasible for several disease processes, including myocardial reperfusion after infarction.
The adolescent pragmatics screening scale: Rationale and development

The Adolescent Pragmatics Screening Scale (APSS) was developed as a screening tool for use by speech‐language pathologists, regular education teachers, and bilingual/English‐as‐a‐second‐language teachers. The APSS defines six broad topics across 38 individual behaviors. The APSS contains a general pragmatics total score and six discreet topic scores. It is to be used in a collaborative effort among teachers in developing a student pragmatics profile and in determining if speech‐language testing services are warranted. The APSS was developed using regular education students, language‐impaired students, and bilingual/Hispanic American students.
A Hadamard transform Raman microprobe

The design of a Hadamard transform Raman microprobe is presented. The spatially multiplexed imaging system provides true spectroscopic microscopy. Near-diffraction limited resolution, 1.3 μm, is demonstrated with Raman images of polycrystalline materials.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of pure and V-doped Ti2O3☆

Abstract The X-ray photoelectron spectrum of Ti 2 O 3 is reported for binding energies in the range 0 to 600 eV. The effects of heating the material from 300 to 600 eV and of incrementally doping Ti 2 O 3 with up to 10 at. % V 2 O 3 were investigated. The measurements provide direct information on the nature of the band states which are in good agreement with indirect deductions based on prior electrical measurements.
Battery or fuel cell support for an autonomous photovoltaic power system

This paper presents an overview of comparison between battery backup and fuel cell backup to supplement the fluctuating photovoltaic (PV) power under inclement weather conditions. In order to compare them effectively, it is done in the categories of common and different attributes. The common attributes such as fast load-response, modular production, high reliability and environmental acceptability are the reasons why those two generating sources are the most likely technologies for PV power backup. According to the detailed comparison in the aspects of efficiency, capacity (or efficiency) variation, operational flexibility and environmental externality, the fuel cell backup has more benefits over the battery backup for the purpose of supporting a weather-dependent PV power source.
A General Geographical Probabilistic Factor Model for Point of Interest Recommendation

The problem of point of interest (POI) recommendation is to provide personalized recommendations of places, such as restaurants and movie theaters. The increasing prevalence of mobile devices and of location based social networks (LBSNs) poses significant new opportunities as well as challenges, which we address. The decision process for a user to choose a POI is complex and can be influenced by numerous factors, such as personal preferences, geographical considerations, and user mobility behaviors. This is further complicated by the connection LBSNs and mobile devices. While there are some studies on POI recommendations, they lack an integrated analysis of the joint effect of multiple factors. Meanwhile, although latent factor models have been proved effective and are thus widely used for recommendations, adopting them to POI recommendations requires delicate consideration of the unique characteristics of LBSNs. To this end, in this paper, we propose a general geographical probabilistic factor model ( $\sf{Geo}$ -PFM) framework which strategically takes various factors into consideration. Specifically, this framework allows to capture the geographical influences on a user’s check-in behavior. Also, user mobility behaviors can be effectively leveraged in the recommendation model. Moreover, based our $\sf{Geo}$ -PFM framework, we further develop a Poisson $\sf{Geo}$ -PFM which provides a more rigorous probabilistic generative process for the entire model and is effective in modeling the skewed user check-in count data as implicit feedback for better POI recommendations. Finally, extensive experimental results on three real-world LBSN datasets (which differ in terms of user mobility, POI geographical distribution, implicit response data skewness, and user-POI observation sparsity), show that the proposed recommendation methods outperform state-of-the-art latent factor models by a significant margin.
Generalization of operant classroom control procedures

Several previously reported operant procedures for changing classroom behavior were applied to five “behavior-problem” students in each of two 7th grades. In addition to recording frequency of target behaviors of the subjects in the class in which the operant procedures were applied, concurrent measurement of the same behaviors was made in a second, different class being conducted in the usual manner. For these older children, tangible rewards and punishments were generally effective in improving behavior whereas the efficacy of teacher attentional variables was specific to the teacher. Although there was no generalization of improvement due to manipulations of teacher attention, there was significant generalization of improvement resulting from the contingent administration of tangible rewards and punishments.
Comparative behavioral effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and prostaglandin E1 in mice

Abstract Three behavioral tests, spontaneous locomotor activity (SLMA), exploratory behavior (EB) and rotarod performance (RP), a measure of neuromuscular coordination, were used to study the interaction of PGE 1 (1 mg/kg i.p., 10 min. pretreatment) with DBcAMP (25 mg/kg i.p., 25 min. pretreatment) in mice. A dose-response relationship of PGE 1 (0.01–5.0 mg/kg) to SLMA was determined, with a significant decrease in SLMA produced by a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Decreases in SLMA were produced by PGE 1 (79%), DBcAMP (41%) and DBcAMP-PGE 1 combination (71%). Similar decreases in EB were observed. Although no significant difference between controls and DBcAMP was observed in RP, 52% of mice tested were RP failures following PGE 1 and a 100% failure rate was induced by the combination. Mice were treated with a second injection of DBcAMP or PGE 1 or the combination 24 hr following the first injection. Behavioral activity of these mice was observed 25 min (DBcAMP) or 10 min (PGE 1 ) after the second dose was administered. A second injection of DBcAMP failed to decrease SLMA and EB from controls; moreover, SLMA began to return towards control levels as early as 2 hr between injections. The second injection of PGE 1 or DBcAMP+PGE 1 produced the same behavior as that produced by the first injection. On the basis of these results, the relationship of cyclic nucleotides and PGs to behavioral activity is discussed.
Cohabitation and reproductive behavior in the U.S.

The relationship between unmarried cohabitation and certain intermediate varibles affecting fertility notably sexual activity and contraceptive practice as well as expectations for the number and timing of future births was examined. A secondary objective was to compare inferred measures of unmarried cohabitation derived from household conposition data in the US Current Population Survey (CPS) with direct or self-reported measures. The National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) Cycle III was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics in 1982. For the 1st time it identified women informally living with a partner. Of the 7969 women aged 15-44 years 246 reported themselves to be currently cohabiting with a partner and an additional 6 reported a different marital status but said they were living with their boyfriend or fiance. These 6 women were included among the cohabitants. The data refer to current cohabitation only. Frequency of intercourse was higher for cohabiting women than for any other group. Virtually all cohabiting or currently married women have had intercourse in the last 3 months compared with only 3/4 of never married noncohabitants and 2/3 of formerly married noncohabitants. More than 3/5 of cohabitants had intercourse several times a week or more compared to less than half of married women and less than 1/4 of noncohabiting unmarried women. A higher proportion of never-married cohabitants than of any other group were exposed to the risk of pregnancy mostly because of the combination of high levels of sexuality and a low likelihood of being pregnant postpartum or noncontraceptively sterile in this group. Formerly married cohabitants tended to be exposed to risk at a higher level than other formerly married women but this difference was insignificant. Contraceptive practice was higher among unmarried cohabiting women than among unmarried cohabitants. As of the month of interview 82% of never-married cohabitants and 64% of formerly married cohabitants were using a contraceptive method. Among never-married and formerly married women who were not cohabiting the percentages were 55 and 52 respectively. Differences in the percentages of women using the most effective methods were similar but smaller. Never-married and formerly married cohabiting women were more likely to expect a birth in the next 5 years than either their noncohabiting counterparts or currently married women. Never-married cohabiting women were older than other never-married women and more likely to have had 1 or more live births but were considerably younger and have had fewer births on average than currently married women or either group of formerly married women. The 5 groups of women also differed with respect to socioeconomic factors.
The Effects of Participation in a Cultural Awareness Program on Jail Inmates

Abstract Cultural awareness/diversity training has been main-streamed into the educational curriculum and corporate training seminars. This paper is a description of a cultural awareness/diversity program administered as part of a post-release program in Santa Clara County (California). Participants were given pre- and post-program participation questionnaires designed to measure English proficiency, their awareness and pride in their own cultural traditions, cultural perceptions, and tolerance towards other cultural traditions. Participation in the program did not have statistically significant effects on cultural pride and tolerance of other cultures. The effects of the program on cultural perceptions were significant, but the direction of changes was the opposite of the authors' expectations. That is, participants exhibited heightened awareness of inter-racial/ethnic differences. Implications were discussed.
Integrating Traditional Beliefs and Modern Medicine: Filipino Nurses’ Health Beliefs, Behaviors, and Practices

As the diversity in the patient population is growing, there is also an increasing number of diverse caregivers. Among them are the Filipino health care providers, most of whom are nurses. Understa...
A Comparison of Methods for Assessing the Value of Antibacterial Soaps

Summary. A new antibacterial soap preparation containing trichlorocarbanilide (TCC) was compared in laboratory tests with a commercially available hexachloraphane soap and a control, nongermicidal soap. Both antibacterial soaps showed significant reductions in the skin flora, contact plate tests revealed no difference between the two preparations. In an 18 months ward trial the transmission of staphylococci was significantly reduced by the TCC soap.
Effects of burn-in on radiation hardness

Transistors and ICs were irradiated with or without pre-irradiation elevated-temperature biased stresses (i.e., burn-in). These stresses lead to larger radiation-induced transistor threshold-voltage shifts and increases in IC static power supply leakage current (two orders of magnitude) in stressed ICs than for ICs not subjected to a stress. In addition, these stresses led to reduced degradation in timing parameters. The major cause of the differences is less radiation-induced interface-trap buildup for transistors subjected to an elevated-temperature biased stress. These results were observed for two distinctly different technologies and have significant implications on hardness assurance testing. One could significantly (1) overestimate degradation in timing parameters resulting in the rejection of acceptable ICs and increased system cost, or (2) underestimate the increase in static supply leakage current of ICs leading to system failure. These results suggest that radiation qualification testing must be performed on integrated circuits that have been subjected to all high-temperature biased stresses experienced in normal production flow or system use. >
Endovascular treatment of distal intracranial aneurysms with Onyx 18/34

Abstract Objective Surgical clipping and coil embolization of distally located intracranial aneurysms can be challenging. The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of treatment of distal aneurysms with the liquid embolic agent Onyx 18/34. Methods Sixteen patients were treated with Onyx 18/34 for distally located aneurysms in our institution between March 2009 and September 2012. The technique consists of occluding the aneurysm as well as the parent vessel at the level of aneurysm with Onyx 18 or 34. Candidates for this treatment were patients with distal aneurysms including mycotic aneurysms, dissecting aneurysms, and pseudoaneurysms in which coiling was considered impossible. Results Of the 16 patients, 12 presented with subarachnoid and/or intracerebral hemorrhage. Median aneurysm size was 4.6 mm. Aneurysm locations were as follows: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 5), distal anterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 3), distal pericallosal (n = 3), distal anterior cerebral artery (n = 3), lenticulostriate artery (n = 1), and anterior ethmoidal artery (n = 1). There were 4 mycotic aneurysms. Complete aneurysm obliteration was achieved in all 6 patients with available angiographic follow-up. There was only 1 (6.3%) symptomatic complication in the series. There were no instances of reflux or accidental migration of embolic material. Favorable outcomes were noted in 82% of patients at discharge. Two patients with mycotic aneurysms died from cardiac complications of endocarditis. No aneurysm recanalization or rehemorrhage were seen. Conclusion Parent vessel trapping with Onyx 18/34 offers a simple, safe, and effective means of achieving obliteration of distal challenging aneurysms.
Hospitalization of Patients With Cocaine and Amphetamine Use Disorders From a Psychiatric Emergency Service

OBJECTIVES: Among the illicit stimulants, cocaine and amphetamines are the most widely abused. Although these drugs have similar psychoactive properties and routes of administration, their duration of action and mechanism of action are different, as are the psychiatric problems that accompany their use. The authors explored whether these differences and results of urine drug testing were associated with differences in use of psychiatric inpatient services. METHODS: The records of 2,357 patients admitted to a large county psychiatric emergency service were examined to determine whether patients admitted for amphetamine-related or cocaine-related disorders differed in rates of transfer to an inpatient psychiatric ward or in length of stay on the ward after transfer. The authors also examined whether positive or negative results of urine drug screens predicted transfer or length of stay. RESULTS: Patients with amphetamine-related disorders were more than a third more likely than patients with cocaine-related...
Pursuing the Work of Jacques Bertin

Abstract Representing networks is a major interest of researchers in information visualization. In this article, The authors present novel visualization techniques based on Jacques Bertin's reorderable matrices.
Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) satellite hardware status, tasking, and operations

MTI is a comprehensive R&D project, featuring a single satellite in a sun-synchronous orbit designed to collect radiometrically accurate images of instrumented ground sites in 15 spectral bands ranging from visible to long-wave infrared. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg AFB on March 12, 2000 aboard an Orbital Sciences Corporation Taurus rocket. After launch, the operations team completed a 3- month turn-on, check out and alignment procedure, and declared the satellite ready for its R&D mission on June 12, 2000. The satellite is currently healthy, having collected over 1,100 images during its first nine months of operation. This paper presents a brief satellite overview and documents on-orbit status and operational experience, including anomalies and their resolution.
A distributed and optimal motion planning approach for multiple mobile robots

We propose a distributed and optimal motion planning algorithm for multiple robots. The computationally expensive problem is decomposed into two modules: path planning and velocity planning. The D* search method is applied in both modules, based on either geometric formulation or schedule formulation. Optimization is achieved at the individual robot level by defining cost functions, and also at the team level by a global measurement function reflecting performance indices of interest as a team. Contrary to our knowledge of previous results on multi-robot motion planning that either obtain optimal solutions through centralized and exhaustive computing, or achieve distributed implementations without considering any optimization issues, our approach combines these two features and explicitly optimizes performance functions through a distributed implementation. It is also one of the few that is capable of handling outdoor rough terrain environments and real time replanning. Simulations are shown on a Mars-like rough terrain using a 3D vehicle planner and control simulator. The algorithm was also implemented and successfully run on a group of Nomad 200 indoor robots.
A nuclear magnetic resonance study of toluene-polyisobutylene solutions. 3. Spin-lattice relaxation: Rotational and segmental motion

The spin-lattice relaxation times are determined for the methylene carbon of polyisobutylene (PIB), as well as for the ortho carbon of toluene in toluene-polyisobutylene solutions. The Hall-Helfand correlation function combined with restricted anisotropic rotational diffusion was used to treat the T1 data of the methylene carbon of PIB. A simple exponential correlation function was used to describe the local motion of toluene in the solutions which falls in the extreme narrowing limit for the solutions studied. Both models described satisfactorily the temperature and field dependence of the spin-lattice relation times. From the temperature dependence of the correlation times for the polymer segmental motion, the free volume of the solution at each concentration is extracted and compared with the values obtained from previous studies of the translational motion of the toluene penetrant. The free volume values extracted from the T1 data for the methylene carbon of PIB and the self-diffusion data for the toluene were found to be in substantial agreement. The interrelationship of the timescale of segmental motion of the polymer and the translational diffusion of the toluene was also examined and it was found that the two types of motion seem to be correlated in high polymer concentrated solutions. The toluene reorientational motion was found to be much faster than both the polymer segmental motion and the toluene translational diffusion leading to the conclusion that the toluene reorientational motion is uncoupled from these two motions. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Targeting the Reversibly Oxidized Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Superfamily

Controlled production of reactive oxygen species leads to reversible oxidation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and has emerged as an important tier of regulation over phosphorylation-dependent signal transduction. We present a modified cysteinyl-labeling assay that detects reversible oxidation of members of each of the different PTP subclasses. Here, we describe the methods for enriching reversibly oxidized PTPs from complex protein extracts, illustrating the procedure in IMR90 fibroblasts.
Toward the development of a neural interface for lower limb prosthesis control

Lower limb amputees form a large portion of the amputee population; however, current lower limb prostheses do not meet the needs of patients with high-level amputations who need to perform multi-joint coordinated movements. A critical missing element is an intuitive neural interface from which user intent can be determined. Surface EMG has been used as control source for upper limb prostheses for many years; for lower limb activities, however, the EMG is non-stationary and a new control strategy is required. This paper describes the work completed to date in developing a novel lower limb neural interface.
Immune dysregulation and chronic stress among older adults: a review.

Aging is associated with a natural dysregulation in immune functioning which may be amplified when it occurs in the context of chronic stress. Family dementia caregiving provides an excellent model to study the impact of chronic stress on immune functioning among older individuals. Empirical data suggest that the stress of caregiving dysregulate multiple components of innate and adaptive immunity. Elderly caregivers have poorer responses to vaccines, impaired control of latent viruses, exaggerated production of inflammatory mediators, and accelerated cellular aging, compared to noncaregiving older adults. The chronic stress-induced immune dysregulation observed among older caregivers appear to be of sufficient magnitude to impact health. Furthermore, evidence suggests that chronic stress lead to premature aging of the immune system.
Description, History, and Calorigenic Activity of Iodothyronines

Over the centuries, a sequence of events has led to the present knowledge of thyroid hormone physiology. Although not comprehensive, Table 1.1 provides an overview of the important milestones that have resulted in the present level of information and concepts.
VLSI implementation of a low-power antilogarithmic converter

This paper presents a VLSI implementation of a unique 32-bit antilogarithmic converter, which generates data for some digital-signal-processing (DSP) applications. Novel antilogarithm correcting algorithms are developed and implemented with low-power and hardware-efficient correcting circuits. The VLSI implementations of these algorithms are much smaller than other hardware intensive algorithms found in the literature. The converter is implemented using 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, and its combinational logic implementation requires 1500/spl lambda//spl times/2800/spl lambda/ of chip area. The 32-bit antilogarithmic converter computes the antilogarithm in a single clock cycle and runs at 100 MHz and consumes 81 mW.
Binary Independent Component Analysis With or Mixtures

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a computational method for separating a multivariate signal into subcomponents assuming the mutual statistical independence of the non-Gaussian source signals. The classical independent components analysis (ICA) framework usually assumes linear combinations of independent sources over the field of real-valued numbers R. In this paper, we investigate binary ICA for or mixtures (bICA), which can find applications in many domains including medical diagnosis, multi-cluster assignment, Internet tomography and network resource management. We prove that bICA is uniquely identifiable under the disjunctive generation model, and propose a deterministic iterative algorithm to determine the distribution of the latent random variables and the mixing matrix. The inverse problem to infer the values of latent variables is also considered for noisy measurements. We conduct an extensive simulation study to verify the effectiveness of the propose algorithm and present examples of real-world applications where bICA can be applied.
Neurite elongation is blocked if microtubule polymerization is inhibited in PC12 cells

We have injected process-bearing PC12 cells with colchicine-tubulin mixed with either fluorescein-dextran or a rhodamine-labelled tubulin analogue to determine the role of microtubule polymerization in neurite elongation. Colchicine-tubulin is a specific, substoichiometric poison of microtubule assembly. We have shown that colchicine-tubulin does not cause existing PC12 microtubules to disassemble, and yet can inhibit the assembly of rhodamine-tubulin injected along with it. In population studies of neurite outgrowth in injected and uninjected cells, we find that colchicine-tubulin substantially inhibits neurite extension from injected cells over a wide variety of concentrations. In acute time-course studies of injected cells, we find that colchicine-tubulin does not block neurite outgrowth until the injectate reaches the neurite tip. Thereafter, however, it blocks process elongation completely. Thus we can conclude that microtubule polymerization in the region of the growth cone is an important element in neurite elongation. While polymerization at the cell body may be important in supplying subunits to the distal neurite, it does not play a direct role in process extension.
THYMIDINE-3H ELECTRON MICROSCOPE RADIOAUTOGRAPHY OF OSTEOGENIC CELLS IN THE FETAL RAT

The proximal tibial epiphyses of 18–21-day-old fetal rats have been studied by thymidine-3H radioautography. The results reveal that the label is incorporated into two types of osteogenic cells: (a) a spindle cell type (A cells) with characteristics generally associated with matrix production, including an extensive development of the endoplasmic reticulum and the presence of large intracellular accumulations of a dense, finely granular material, morphologically identifiable as glycogen; and (b) a rounded cell type (B cells) with morphological features similar in degree and kind to those of the developing neutrophilic leukocyte, including an abundance of free ribosomes and mitochondria and a complex Golgi apparatus associated with dense specific granules, morphologically identifiable with primary lysosomes. These results, along with the occurrence of recognizable, labeled, immature, perivascular forms of both of these A and B type cells, lead to the conclusion that the specialization of osteogenic cells into osteoclasts and osteocytes may involve separate pathways of cytodifferentiation.
Sources of Variability in Turkey Tenderness

Abstract THE most challenging question, as well as the most important commercial problem in the area of poultry meat tenderization, concerns the sources of and possible reductions in the variability in tenderness between birds of one lot. Some birds may be tender after only short aging periods of 1 to 2 hours, while others may still be tough after 8 to 12 hours (Klose et al., 1961; Stadelman et al., 1966). Effects of size and/or age on tenderization requirements have been determined but not explained. Sources of variability inherent in the methods of measuring tenderness have not been studied thoroughly, and little information has been published on the degree of correlation between well known and frequently used objective methods. The present report contributes additional information on variability of shear force values in relation to strain, age, chilling period, and amount of replication in the shearing techniques, and also the degree of …
Chronic pain and self-efficacy: the effects of age, sex, and chronicity.

: Higher self-efficacy (SE) is associated with lower pain ratings in chronic pain patients, although longer experience with chronic pain leads to lower SE scores. Self-efficacy in pain patients does not appear to be clearly related to sex or age, however. This study investigated the effects of gender, age, length of pain experience (chronicity) on SE and pain ratings. Archival data from the records of 187 patient's charts were evaluated for demographic information, chronicity, pain ratings and SE. Analyses found a significant inverse relationship between SE and pain ratings (r = −.22) and lower SE for young adult patients. Results support the conclusion that enhanced SE is an important psychosocial intervention in the treatment of chronic pain patients.