cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Value of Prostate Specific Antigen and Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy in Detecting Prostatic Fossa Recurrences Following Radical Prostatectomy

The combination of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and transrectal ultrasonography was used to detect recurrent cancer in the prostatic fossa after radical prostatectomy. A total of 43 patients with persistently elevated PSA levels and negative bone scintigraphy following radical prostatectomy underwent digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography. Ultrasound findings were considered suspicious if the scan showed any unusual hypoechoic tissue adjacent to the bladder neck, retro-trigone or peri-anastomotic site. Of 22 patients (51%) with biopsy proved cancer 21 (95%) had positive transrectal ultrasonography, while digital rectal examination was able to detect cancer in only 10 (45%). Among transrectal ultrasonography detected recurrences 15 (68%) were detected at the initial biopsy and 7 (32%) at repeat biopsies. Our study shows that the combination of PSA and transrectal ultrasonography provides a more effective method than digital rectal examination and PSA to detect biopsy proved cancer following radical prostatectomy.
Open versus endovascular aneurysm repair trial review

The Open versus Endovascular Aneurysm Repair trial is the only randomized controlled trial that is funded by the federal government to evaluate the treatment outcomes of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Since the initial publication, multiple post-hoc analyses have become available. This review summarizes these data, focusing on the primary outcome measures (ie, overall survival) and several key secondary outcomes including aneurysm-related death, age consideration, secondary procedures, and endoleaks. Cost-effectiveness of each treatment modality and the limitations of OVER trial also are discussed critically in this review.
An Exploration of the Complexity of Journalistic Interviewing Competencies

Journalists have engaged in interviewing practices since the nineteenth century to collect information for news stories. Today, it is considered the dominant approach in news-gathering among journalists. We know very little, however, about the theoretical breadth of interviewing and the associated competencies construct that journalists should possess to be classified as an expert interviewer. Consequently, the first appropriate step toward specification of this particular news-gathering practice is qualitative research. In the present study, we explored the breadth of journalistic interviewing competencies through 20 semi-structured interviews with journalists and journalism educators. The present study revealed 10 possible journalistic interviewing competencies: listening, interaction management, research, empathy, articulation, self-presentation, verification, news judgment, observation, and open-mindedness, based on editor and educator responses. The results demonstrate the complexity of interviewing ...
M Series X-Ray Emission Lines of Mercury

Experimental values of the atomic energy levels of mercury are of particular interest because that element is often used by theorists as a test for various methods of energy level calculations. One reason for this selection is the somewhat simpler than average electronic structure, but another reason is simply that the atomic number is 80. The experimental values to compare with the theoretical calculations are primarily derived from wavelength measurements of x-ray emission lines by a least squares process described elsewhere (Bearden and Burr 1967). Unfortunately the wavelength measurements of mercury are the least self-consistent of any of the elements in the periodic table. This paper is one of the results of an attempt to locate the source of that inconsistency.
Phantom pareto systems for multi-objective ranking and selection

Consider the context of the Multi-Objective Ranking and Selection (MORS) problem, which is a multi-objective simulation optimization problem on a finite feasible set of systems. Since the Pareto set can only be observed with error, MORS methods often are concerned with the possibility that a misclassification (MC) event occurs, in which a system is misclassified on its status as Pareto or non-Pareto. In two dimensions, phantom Pareto systems have been used to assist in analyzing the probability of an MC event. We construct phantom Pareto systems in d dimensions, describe an algorithm to efficiently locate the phantom Pareto systems in d dimensions, and describe how the phantom Pareto systems can be used in a SCORE framework.
Epigenetic Changes Associated with Early Life Experiences: Saliva, A Biospecimen for DNA Methylation Signatures.

Background Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), which include traumatic injury, are associated with poor health outcomes in later life, yet the biological mechanisms mediating this association are unknown. Neurocircuitry, immune system and hormone regulation differ from normal in adults reporting ACEs. These systems could be affected by epigenetic changes, including methylation of cytosine (5mC) in genomic DNA, activated by ACEs. Since 5mC levels influence gene expression and can be long-lasting, altered 5mC status at specific sites or throughout the genome is hypothesized to influence mental and physical outcomes after ACE(s). Human and animal studies support this, with animal models allowing experiments for attributing causality. Here we provide a lengthy introduction and background on 5mC and the impact of early life adversity. Objective Next we address the issue of a mixture of cell types in saliva, the most accessible biospecimen for 5mC analysis. Typical human bio-specimens for 5mC analysis include saliva or buccal swabs, whole blood or types of blood cells, tumors and post-mortem brain. In children saliva is the most accessible biospecimen, but contains a mixture of keratinocytes and white blood cells, as do buccal swabs. Even in saliva from the same individual at different time points, cell composition may differ widely. Similar issues affect analysis in blood, where nucleated cells represent a wide array of white blood cell types. Unless variations in ratios of these cells between each sample are included in the analysis, results can be unreliable. Methods Several different biochemical assays are available to test for site-specific methylation levels genome-wide, each producing different information, with high-density arrays being the easiest to use, and bisulfite whole genome sequencing the most comprehensive. We compare results from different assays and use high-throughput computational processing to deconvolve cell composition in saliva samples. Results Here we present examples demonstrating the critical importance of determining the relative contribution of blood cells versus keratinocytes to the 5mC profile found in saliva. We further describe a strategy to perform a reference-based computational correction for cell composition, and therefore to identify differential methylation patterns due to experience, or for the diagnosis of phenotypes that correlate between traits, such as hormone levels, trauma status and various mental health outcomes. Conclusion Specific sites that respond to adversity with altered methylation levels in either blood cells, keratinocytes or both can be identified by this rigorous approach, which will then be useful as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Outcomes of minimally invasive abdominal sacrocolpopexy with resident operative involvement.

Resident involvement in complex surgeries is under scrutiny with increasing attention paid to health care efficiency and quality. Outcomes of urogynecological surgery with resident involvement are poorly described. We hypothesized that resident surgical involvement does not influence perioperative outcomes in minimally invasive abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASC). Using the 2006–2012 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we identified 450 cases of laparoscopic or robotic ASC performed with resident involvement. Resident operative participation was stratified by experience (junior [PGY 1–3] vs senior level [PGY ≥4]). The primary outcome was operative time, and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the effects of resident involvement and experience. Chi-squared analyses were used to assess the relationship between resident participation with length of stay (LOS) and 30-day complications and readmissions. Residents participated in 74% (n = 334) of these surgeries, and these cases were significantly longer (median 220 vs 195 min, p = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, senior level resident involvement was associated with longer operative times across all time intervals compared with <2 h (2 to ≤4 h relative risk reduction [RRR] 4.1, p = 0.007, CI 1.47–11.40; 4 to ≤6 h RRR 6.6, p = 0.001, CI 2.23–19.44; ≥6 h RRR 4.7, p = 0.020, CI 1.28–17.43). Resident participation was not associated with LOS, readmissions, or complications. Senior level resident involvement in minimally invasive ASC is associated with longer operative times, with no association with LOS or adverse perioperative outcomes. The educational benefit of surgical training does not adversely affect patient outcomes for ASC.
Wear Resistance of Cu/Ag Multilayers: A Microscopic Study

The microscopic wear behavior of copper-silver multilayer samples was studied by performing sliding wear tests using a tribo-indenter. Multilayers with an average composition of Cu90Ag10 and Ag layer thicknesses ranging from 2 to 20 nm were grown by magnetron sputtering. For reference, a homogeneous Cu90Ag10 solid solution film was similarly grown. The thin films were subjected to two-dimensional wear tests by rastering a cono-spherical diamond indenter under loads of 100-400 μN for 1-20 consecutive passes or cycles. The wear volumes were determined by atomic force microscopy. Characterization of the specimens employed nanoindentation, nanoscratch, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Wear rates were found to reach steady state after five cycles or less. The hardness values of the as-grown and worn samples both increased with decreasing thickness of the Cu and Ag layers, whereas the steady-state wear rates decreased. Notably, the wear resistance increased faster than the corresponding increase in indentation hardness, indicating a deviation from the Archard's law. An inverse relationship between the wear rate and hardness was, however, recovered when using scratch hardness, suggesting that scratch hardness is a better predictor of wear resistance. Characterization of subsurface wear microstructures by TEM revealed that forced chemical mixing and dissolution of layers occur to a depth of ≈40 to 50 nm, stabilizing a chemically homogeneous solid solution below the wear surface. Comparative wear tests on thicker multilayers revealed that Cu/Ag interfaces reduced the wear rate significantly, thus helping to rationalize the high wear resistance of thin multilayers.
Understanding and Mitigating Capacity Fade in Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

The promising attributes of 3,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid (DHDMBS) as a positive side material for aqueous organic redox flow batteries have been reported previously by our group. In the present study, we focus on understanding and mitigating the crossover of DHDMBS from the positive side of the cell to the negative side and the possible degradation pathways that could lead to capacity fade. We also uncover a slow process of "protodesulfonation" of DHDMBS that results in capacity fade during long-term cycling under strongly acidic conditions. We demonstrate the benefit of low-permeability membranes, mixed electrolytes in a symmetric cell configuration, use of electrolyte solutions with reduced acidity, and operating protocols involving polarity switching that reduce the rate of capacity fade substantially. These insights were used towards demonstrating long-term cycling of a symmetric cell with a capacity fade rate <0.02% per hour. The understanding and methods presented here are aimed at advancing the development of Organic Redox Flow Batteries (ORBAT) as an inexpensive and sustainable solution for large-scale electrical energy storage.
Using Anticipation Guides to Support Comprehension of Science Informational Text.

Students with learning disabilities (LD) in reading often struggle to succeed due to difficulties with reading comprehension. Comprehension difficulties can impact access to a variety of text types...
Negotiating semantics and figurative language in four poems by Sylvia Plath

AbstractFunctional grammar and cognitive linguistics are used in interpreting Sylvia Plath's “Words”, “The Rabbit Catcher”, “Event”, “Winter Trees”. Thematic structure, mood and transitivity, lexis, metaphor formation, and imagery are examined. Analyzed with equal rigour is the usage of the word ring appearing in all four works. Its strikingly divergent effects are scrutinized. The poetic meanings that emerge provide a sharper understanding of Plath's works and a renewed endorsement of linguistics as a tool for literary criticism.
Pineal Gland and Behavior

Interest in and investigations of the pineal gland have waxed and waned over several centuries, but only in relatively recent times have convincing data been obtained hinting at its functions. Until the mid-1950’s, the accumulated evidence was inconclusive, highly variable and often contradictory. From clinical evidence and various experimental studies, however, the consensus seemed to be that modification of reproductive activity was the most consistent finding following pineal manipulations. From anatomical considerations, especially in lower vertebrates, and from associated experimental studies, it was also suspected, and sometimes demonstrated, that the pineal was responsive to changes in the photic environment.
Empirical Models of Individuals and Population Maximum Reach Capability

The evaluation of reach requirements has traditionally been an important aspect of the design process under those conditions where extreme reach distances may be required. Extreme reach distances arise due to several considerations including: (1) physical constraints such as shoulder harnesses and seat belts restrict human movement; (2) engineering and safety design criteria may conflict with reach criteria giving rise to large reach distances; and (3) human reach capabilities may be limited by an individual’s handicaps.
Medbh McGuckian’s aesthetics of introversion

This article offers a close reading of the poetry of Northern Irish Medbh McGuckian in the context of critical debates about the postcolonial publishing industry. Traditionally, women poets have be...
Peritoneal dialysis catheter outcomes in infants initiating peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) although rare among infants presents many management challenges. We sought to evaluate factors associated with PD catheter failure among infants initiated on chronic PD. A retrospective chart review of all children under two years of age who had PD catheters placed for initiation of chronic PD from 2002 to 2015. Data was extracted for catheter related events occurring within 12 months of catheter placement. Cox and Poisson regression models were used to delineate factors associated catheter complications. Twenty-five infants with median age 18 days had PD catheters placed for chronic dialysis. Common complications included leakage around the exit site (31%), blockage (26%), migration or malposition (23%), catheter-related infections (18%), and other complications (2%). Predictors of initial PD catheter failure were age less than one month at catheter placement (hazard ratio (HR) 7.77, 95% CI, 1.70–35.39, p = 0.008), use of catheter within three days of placement (HR 5.67, 95% CI, 1.39–23.10, p = 0.015) and presence of a hernia (HR 8.64, 95% CI, 1.19–62.36, p = 0.033). In an adjusted Poisson regression model, PD catheter use within three days of placement was the only predictor of any catheter complication over the12 months of follow up. Use of PD catheters within three days of placement was associated with catheter failure. We recommend that when possible, catheters should be allowed to heal for at least three days prior to use to reduce risk of complications and improve catheter survival.
Border Crossing into the Promised Land: The Eschatological Migration of God’s People in Revelation 2:1–3:22

This chapter explores the polemic over food offered to idols in Revelation 2:1–3:22 using Latinx narratives of migration. Whereas other scholars have explored the polemic as a case of tensions over “heresies,” sexual immorality, and prophetic rivalries, I argue that John inscribes the polemic with migration themes from the Hebrew Bible. Casting his audience as undertaking an eschatological migration journey, John invites believers to become border crossers who migrate from a new Egypt to a new Canaan. Through their repudiation of food offered to idols, believers exit a sinful place (Rome), unmask “deceptive” prophets (Balaam), and conquer the Promised Land (New Jerusalem). In doing so, John establishes a strategic continuity between the seven assemblies and the ancient Israelites, one that seeks to persuade his audience to reject eidōlothyta and the Roman colonial situation it represents.
Retained Solitaire FR device after mechanical thrombectomy: Case review and management strategies

Solitaire FR device is a Food and Drug Administration-approved device for mechanical thrombectomy. It has been tested in various clinical trials for its safety and efficacy. We report a case of inadvertent detachment of the Solitaire FR device at stent-stent wire interface while performing mechanical thrombectomy. We review a rare phenomenon of retained Solitaire FR stent retriever in situ and discuss technique of avoidance and its management.
Association of Sugary Beverage Consumption With Mortality Risk in US Adults: A Secondary Analysis of Data From the REGARDS Study.

Importance Research has linked sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but the role of nutritionally similar fruit juice and the association of these beverages with mortality risk is unknown. Objective To assess the association of SSBs and 100% fruit juices, alone and in combination (sugary beverages), with mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study is a secondary analysis of data obtained from 30 183 participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. The REGARDS study was designed to examine modifiers of stroke risk. Enrollment took place from February 2003 to October 2007, with follow-up every 6 months through 2013. Overall, 30 183 non-Hispanic black and white adults 45 years and older were enrolled in the REGARDS study. Those with known CHD, stroke, or diabetes at baseline (12 253 [40.6%]) and those lacking dietary data (4490 [14.9%]) were excluded from the current study, resulting in a sample size of 13 440. Data were analyzed from November 2017 to December 2018. Exposures Sugar-sweetened beverage and 100% fruit juice consumption was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire and examined using categories of consumption that align with recommended limits for added sugar intake as a percentage of total energy (TE; Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause and CHD-specific mortality were determined from cause of death records and family interviews and adjudicated by a trained team. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using regression models. Results Overall, 13 440 participants had a mean (SD) age of 63.6 (9.1) years at baseline, 7972 (59.3%) were men, 9266 (68.9%) were non-Hispanic white, and 9482 (70.8%) had overweight or obesity. There were 1000 all-cause and 168 CHD-related deaths during follow-up (mean [SD] follow-up, 6.0 [1.8] years). Mean (SD) sugary beverage consumption was 8.4% (8.3%) of TE/d (4.4% [6.8%] TE/d from SSBs; 4.0% [6.8%] TE/d from 100% fruit juice). Among high (≥10% of TE) vs low ( Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that consumption of sugary beverages, including fruit juices, is associated with all-cause mortality. Well-powered and longer-term studies are needed to inform their association with CHD mortality risk.
Encounter And/As Pedagogy For Catholic Higher Education In Our Time

Pope Francis incarnates a praxis of encounter in an age of polarization. For Francis, encounter entails displacement, dialog, and discernment. Relational pedagogy illuminates the fecundity of relat...
Foundational Concepts of Special Relativity

This chapter discusses the foundational concepts of special relativity. It describes the way to formulate and develop special relativity using only arithmetic. The chapter explains special advantages of such a simplistic formulation and reviews some important mathematical and physical preliminaries. In making observations, it takes time for the light to travel from an observed event or object to the eye of the observer. In Newtonian mechanics, it is assumed that such observations are made instantaneously. Special relativity accounts for the time it takes for light to travel. In special relativity, one uses rectangular, Cartesian three-dimensional coordinate systems. All reference frames in special relativity are assumed to be inertial. In the absence of an external force, in an inertial system, every particle that is initially at rest will remain at rest, while every particle that is initially in motion will continue that motion without change in speed or direction. It can be shown that every two inertial reference frames are related such that one is in relative uniform motion with respect to the other. The chapter describes a basic assumption about inertial systems, called the axiom of relativity, and which is supported extensively by experimental evidence. All the laws of physics are the same in every inertial reference frame, and this includes the invariance of all physical constants, including the speed of light.
Contributions of protein and milled chitin extracted from domestic cricket powder to emulsion stabilization

Abstract Interfacial and emulsifying properties of fractionated cricket powder were assessed to identify whether emulsification properties originate from protein or chitin particles. Fractions extracted in alkaline water, containing high protein and mineral contents, increased the surface pressure of heptane-water interfaces with near-saturation equilibrium surface pressure of 31 mN/m. Dynamic surface pressure profiles indicated adsorption of protein clusters to the interface. Emulsification capacity of protein fraction was 50% greater than that of the source cricket flour, although oil-in-water emulsions prepared with 1–2% (w/w) protein fraction formed a cream layer within one day of storage. Emulsified layers persisted for up to 20 days, and light scattering measurements described a stable population with surface-volume-mean diameter of approximately 3 μm. Chitin-rich fractions milled to a particle size of 0.5–200 μm contributed negligible surface pressure, and its emulsification capacity was 5% of the value for the source cricket flour. Emulsions prepared with chitin-rich fractions coexisted with an unstable precipitate layer comprising 60% of the added solid, which was attributed to larger particles with poor emulsifying capability. Stable chitin-stabilized emulsion phases were resistant to creaming, yet volume-mean droplet diameter surpassed 50 μm within 24 h of storage. Both protein and chitin fractions have emulsifying capabilities but would require further processing or secondary additives to achieve desirable storage stability.
Nusinersen in Adults with Spinal Muscular Atrophy, A Single Center Experience (P4.4-015)

Objective: To investigate a single center’s experience of treating adult SMA patients with Nusinersen. Background: Descriptive studies in adult SMA patients are lacking, especially of those treated with Nusinersen. Design/Methods: We conducted a chart review of patients with genetically confirmed SMA types 2 or 3 seen in OHSU neuromuscular clinic between 2017–2018. Results: Eighteen SMA patients were included, of those seven with type 2 and eleven with type 3, median age 36.6 (range 19–71). Seventeen were nonambulatory with a remarkable disability in strength worst in lower compared with upper limbs (%MRC of 28.1% and 54.7% respectively). Twelve had severe scoliosis, 10 required thoracolumbar fusion. Of those, six were referred for bone laminectomy for intrathecal access, three underwent procedure. Ten of 18 had significant respiratory impairment necessitating ventilation, one underwent tracheostomy. Eight were treated with Nusinersen for median of 7 months (range 1–15); seven exhibited stability in %MRC at 6 months, two demonstrated very modest improvement with %MRC change mean of 0.94% and 5% in upper and lower limbs respectively at 12 months. A 19 year-old patient treated for 15 months demonstrated stability in %MRC at 12 and 15 months. One died shortly after treatment initiation from respiratory failure. In comparison, untreated patients’ %MRC remained stable. Seven patients declined treatment due to medical comorbidities, lack of data in adult SMA or advanced stage. Four patients are awaiting treatment. Side effects were as follows: 2 suffered from post lumbar puncture headache severe enough to require blood patch, 1 developed bacterial meningitis requiring admission for long term antibiotics. Conclusions: The degree of impact on strength and function in adult SMA treated with Nusinersen remains unclear, and complications secondary to its intrathecal administration can be serious. More data is needed to better understand the role of Nusinersen in adult SMA patients. Disclosure: Dr. Moshe-Lilie has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chahin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Visser has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Alexion Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Dimitrova has nothing to disclose. Dr. Karam has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Akcea, Alexion, Alnyalm, Biogen, CSL Behring, Cytokinetics, Genzyme, Guidepoint, GLG. Dr. Karam has received research support from Genzyme.
Shock-Turbulence Interaction in Variable Density Flows

Accurate numerical simulations of shock-turbulence interaction (STI) are conducted by a hybrid monotonicity preserving-compact finite difference scheme for a detailed study of STI in variable density flows. Numerical accuracy of the simulations has been established using a series of grid, particle, and linear interaction approximation (LIA) convergence tests. The results show that for current parameter ranges, turbulence amplification by the normal shock wave is much higher and the reduction in turbulence length scales is more significant when strong density variations exist in STI. The turbulence structure is strongly modified by the shock wave, with a differential distribution of turbulent statistics in regions with different densities. The correlation between rotation and strain is weaker in the multi-fluid case, which is shown to be the result of complex role density plays when the flow passes through the shock wave. Furthermore, a stronger symmetrization of the joint probability density function (PDF) of second and third invariants of the anisotropic velocity gradient tensor (VGT) is observed in the multi-fluid case. Lagrangian dynamics of the VGT and its invariants are studied and the pressure Hessian contributions are shown to be strongly affected by the shock wave and local density, making them important to the flow dynamics and turbulence structure.
Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodidae)

The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, also known as the longhorned tick, bush tick (Australia), and cattle tick (New Zealand), is a three-host tick native to East Asia. This tick has been categorized as an invasive species in Australia, New Zealand, and several Pacific Islands. In the U.S., an Asian longhorned tick infestation was recorded in New Jersey during the fall of 2017. This tick is somewhat unique in that females are capable of parthenogenesis, meaning that females can produce offspring without having mated with males. The Asian longhorned tick feeds on a wide range of hosts including birds and mammals, including humans. This tick is considered a medical and veterinary vector due to its ability to transmit pathogens that cause disease in humans and other animals.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1263
International and Comparative Law as a Reverse Perspective on Communication Law

Freedom of speech and the press have become increasingly international and comparative for communication law scholars and practitioners. For those of us who have witnessed the internet revolution o...
Matters of Scale: Small-Scale Intensive Outreach to Graduate Students.

As an alternative to large-scale outreach events, three public services librarians created a series of small-scale outreach events aimed at educating graduate students about library services and in...
Processing Strategies to Improve Cell-Level Energy Density of Metal Sulfide Electrolyte-Based All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries and Beyond

All-solid-state Li metal batteries (ASLBs) have the potential to surpass the energy density of commercial Li ion batteries and improve safety. However, most reported ASLBs deliver unsatisfactory ce...
Writing and Responding to Trauma in a Time of Pandemic

Writing and Responding to Trauma in a Time of Pandemic is a public writing course that was developed in response to an institutional call for a Public Pandemic Teaching Initiative in Summer 2020, which asked faculty to consider how this moment of radical disruption might inform our teaching and deepen our understanding of the relationship between writing, resilience, and response. The course provides a set of complementary, public-facing modules that offer teachers, community partners, and writers the tools to both write about and respond to writing about trauma. The resources, writing prompts, and activities draw from activities we have used in our undergraduate and graduate writing classrooms as well as our interdisciplinary research interests. Together, they support participants in addressing trauma from three perspectives: composing personal healing narratives; framing their personal inquiries within a larger research context; and positioning themselves within the larger community response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Public writing courses, such as Writing and Responding to Trauma in a Time of Pandemic, demonstrate how interdisciplinary collaboration and accessible platforms can provide meaningful institutional responses during times of public health crises.
An iTOUGH2 equation-of-state module for modeling supercritical conditions in geothermal reservoirs

Abstract High enthalpy geothermal fluid is becoming more desirable for energy production with advancing technology. In this study, a new equation-of-state module termed EOS1sc was developed for iTOUGH2, to provide forward and inverse modeling capabilities at supercritical conditions. As a verification exercise, test cases of five-spot geothermal problems and of a cooling pluton were studied. The IAPWS-IF97 and IAPWS-95 thermodynamic formulations were examined, and results of EOS1sc were compared to other simulators. Advantages of EOS1sc over current geothermal simulators include higher operational range for pressure and temperature, better accuracy, higher computational speed, and/or inverse modeling capabilities.
Obligations of Financial Advisers in Change-of-Control Transactions: Fiduciary and Other Questions

Outside the United States, financial regulators have recently focused their attention on whether a financial adviser to a party in a change-of-control transaction (such as a takeover) is obliged to avoid being in positions of conflict with the interests of that party. Because financial advisers in these transactions are typically investment banks, the integrated structure of which may make conflicts of interest inevitable, such an obligation is likely to pose difficult challenges for the investment banking industry. The question is complicated by two apparently inconsistent standards being applied: the fiduciary obligation to avoid conflicts and the statutory obligation in many jurisdictions to manage conflicts. This article considers whether a financial adviser is, and should be, obliged to avoid conflicts in this context and, in doing so, attempts to reconcile the apparent inconsistency between these standards.
Conformal invariance and 2 statistical physics

A number of two-dimensional models in statistical physics are conjectured to have scaling limits at criticality that are in some sense conformally invariant. In the last ten years, the rigorous understanding of such limits has increased significantly. I give an introduction to the models and one of the major new mathematical structures, the Schramm-Loewner Evolution (SLE). 1. Critical Phenomena Critical phenomena in statistical physics refers to the study of systems at or near the point at which a phase transition occurs. There are many models of such phenomena. We will discuss some discrete equilibrium models that are defined on a lattice. These are measures on paths or configurations where configurations are weighted by their energy E with a preference for paths of smaller energy. These measures depend on at least one parameter. A standard parameter in physics β = c/T where c is a fixed constant, T stands for temperature and the measure given to a configuration is e . Phase transitions occur at critical values of the temperature corresponding to, e.g., the transition from a gaseous to liquid state. We use β for the parameter although for understanding the literature it is useful to know that large values of β correspond to “low temperature” and small values of β correspond to “high temperature”. Small β (high temperature) systems have weaker correlations than large β (low temperature) systems. In a number of models, there is a critical βc such that qualitatively the system has three regimes β βc (low temperature). A standard procedure is to define a model on a finite subset of a lattice, and then let the lattice size grow. Equivalently, one can consider a bounded region and consider finer and finer lattices inside the region. In either case, one would like to know the scaling or continuum limit of the system. For many models, it can be difficult to even describe what kind of object one has in the limit, and then it can be much more difficult to prove such a limit exists. The behavior of the models I will describe varies significantly in different dimensions. In two dimensions, Belavin, Polyakov, and Zamolodchikov predicted [3, 4] that many systems at criticality (at βc) had scaling limits that were in some sense conformally invariant. This assumption and nonrigorous techniques of conformal field theory allowed for exact calculation of a number of “critical exponents” and other quantities in the limit. For mathematicians, many of the arguments were 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 82B27 ; Secondary 30C35, 60J65, 82B27. Research supported by National Science Foundation grant DMS-0734151. 1I use the word “predicted” to mean that the result was mathematically nonrigorous, but had significant theoretical argument behind it. There is much nontrivial, deep mathematics in the conformal field theory arguments and other theories in mathematical physics. I use the word “predict” rather then “conjecture” to acknowledge this.
When Domestic Meets with International: The Political Transformation of Turkey, 1997-2004

This paper examines Turkey's relations with the European Union from December 1997 to December 2004 to understand the major dynamics behind the recent democratization and human rights reforms in Turkey. For this purpose, the study focuses on three factors: (1) the impact of EU, particularly the Copenhagen conditionality (2) the government structure (coalition vs. majority government) (3) the governing party's/parties' commitment level to the EU membership goal. The comparison across three periods of Turkey-EU relations (1997-1999, 1999-2002, 2002-2004) makes it possible to identify the relative significance of each factor for the reforms. In combining the international and domestic origins of Turkey's political reforms, the paper emphasizes the central importance of the domestic-international linkages for theoretical and policy purposes.The study uses (comparative) case study method to observe whether the theoretical framework proposed in this paper successfully applies to the cases. A temporal comparison across the three different periods of Turkey-EU relations is expected to show the relative salience of each explanatory factor to understand the development of Turkey's democratization and human rights reforms. In doing so, the paper looks at how EU conditionality has affected the Turkish political elite (government and parties) in realizing the reforms. In other words, how the Turkish elite have taken EU conditionality into account in handling the reforms. For this purpose, the study uses the statements made by prime ministers, party leaders, and the members of parliament. Also, it draws on the European Council decisions, and the European Commission reports. To measure the explanatory factors and the dependent variable, the following sources will be utilized: the EU harmonization law packages, the adoption of civil and penal code, the constitutional amendments, the establishment of new institutions regarding the EU membership process, the statements by Turkish officials, the Commission reports, the views of Turkish columnists, party programs, government programs, Turkey's National Program for the adoption of EU acquis, and the Freedom House ratings for civil liberties and political rights.
Genetically modified mesodermal-derived cells for bone tissue engineering

Alternatives to autografts and allografts for accelerated healing of skeletal defects. This article discusses the use of cells, isolated from tissues originating from the mesodermal germ layer and genetically modified to express bone morphogenetic protein, for bone tissue engineering applications.
Becoming Poor: The Experiences of Elders

Elderly Americans residing in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas have higher poverty prevalence than their metropolitan (metro) counterparts. Data from both the response and nonresponse files of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1988 wave) are analyzed to establish the extent to which this disadvantage also occurs in the length of poverty spells and the risk of becoming poor at older ages. Specifically, for individuals aged 55 and older Kaplan-Meier survival functions and multivariate discrete-time hazards models are estimated to document residential differences in the poverty risks of metro and nonmetro men and women. Nonpoor nonmetro elders are much more likely to become poor than metro elders. These results hold when controlling for race, education, marital status, age, change in work effort, becoming widowed, and types of income received.
The myth of the near-death journey

Article examining the meaning and developmental potential of the near-death experience (NDE) as a stimulus to inner exploration. The NDE as a prototype of the transcendent contact encounter offers a model for an evolutionary theory of religion. The author's experiences and contemporary portrayals of NDEs suggest that the experience is a vehicle for the mythic renewal of our idea of death as a journey rather than as a termination, and may be a stimulus for spiritual revolution.
Numerical and asymptotic methods for certain viscous free-surface flows

This paper concerns the two-dimensional motion of a viscous liquid down a perturbed inclined plane under the influence of gravity, and the main goal is the prediction of the surface height as the fluid flows over the perturbations. The specific perturbations chosen for the present study were two humps stretching laterally across an otherwise uniform plane, with the flow being confined in the lateral direction by the walls of a channel. Theoretical predictions of the flow have been obtained by finite-element approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations and also by a variety of lubrication approximations. The predictions from the various models are compared with experimental measurements of the free-surface profiles. The principal aim of this study is the establishment and assessment of certain numerical and asymptotic models for the description of a class of free-surface flows, exemplified by the particular case of flow over a perturbed inclined plane. The laboratory experiments were made over a range of flow rates such that the Reynolds number, based on the volume flux per unit width and the kinematical viscosity of the fluid, ranged between 0.369 and 36.6. It was found that, at the smaller Reynolds numbers, a standard lubrication approximation provided a very good representation of the experimental measurements but, as the flow rate was increased, the standard model did not capture several important features of the flow. On the other hand, a lubrication approximation allowing for surface tension and inertial effects expanded the range of applicability of the basic theory by almost an order of magnitude, up to Reynolds numbers approaching 10. At larger flow rates, numerical solutions to the full equations of motion provided a description of the experimental results to within about 4% , up to a Reynolds number of 25, beyond which we were unable to obtain numerical solutions. It is not known why numerical solutions were not possible at larger flow rates, but it is possible that there is a bifurcation of the Navier-Stokes equations to a branch of unsteady motions near a Reynolds number of 25.
Statistical databases: design of experiment structures

Abstract This paper discusses some special data patterns in relational databases, which are characteristics of the design and analysis of statistical experiments. First, we introduce the concept of order of functional independence in relational tables to provide a formal definition for relational data structure for statistical paired samples. We then introduce the statistical relational data patterns for randomized block designs and extended the definition of relational functional dependency so that, such data patterns can be extracted and analyzed using relational operations. The concepts of relational patterns are discussed. We have also provided some algorithms for selecting relational patterns from statistical relational databases.
Average copper charge and valence states of superconducting copper-oxides

Abstract The average charge and possible valence states of copper ions are calculated and tabulated for the superconducting oxide compounds (R 1 − x M x ) 2− y CuO 4− d (the 21 type) and R 1− x M 2− y Cu 3 O 8− d (the 123 type).
First Isolation and Structural Characterization of Triarylaluminum−Water and −Methanol Complexes

The structurally characterized (C6F5)3Al·OH2 (1) and (C6F5)3Al·OHCH3 (2) exhibit medium-strong intermolecular and weak intramolecular O−H···FC hydrogen bonds in the solid state. Both complexes have substantial stability in toluene solutions at room temperature, while the spectroscopic data of 1 show strong activation of the weak Bronsted acid H2O by Al(C6F5)3.
Resuscitation decision making by New Mexico emergency medical technicians

The extent to which Emergency Medical Service personnel are placed in situations in which difficult cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions must be made has been poorly explored. Further, it is not known whether this kind of decision making is troubling to emergency medical technicians. Although it is likely that emergency medical service systems handle withholding cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a variety of ways, the authors chose to examine a cross-section of New Mexico emergency medical technicians. Using a survey instrument, emergency medical technicians of all training levels, representing several emergency medical service systems around the state were asked how many times in their career they had been in a situation in which cardiopulmonary resuscitation had been withheld without a direct physician order. Of 310 individuals surveyed, 211 (66.8%) responded that this had occurred at least once. When asked whether they had been troubled by one of these situations, 86 of 211 (41%) individuals responded "yes." When a variety of demographic factors were evaluated, only training to the paramedic level was identified as being an independent predictor of those who were troubled (P = .019). Emergency medical technician training, protocols, and do not resuscitate programs may need to be expanded to give further guidance to prehospital personnel when making difficult resuscitation decisions.
Crystallization of fiber‐reinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) composites. I. Experimental studies of crystallization rates and morphology

The isothermal crystallization from the melt of unreinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and of model carbon, aramid, and glass-fiber-reinforced PPS composites was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy. Crystallization was studied as a function of temperature, and the fiber contents in the composites were varied over a wide range. The results indicate that the influence of fibers on PPS crystallization is not only fiber specific, but also strongly dependent on the surface treatment (size). In general, fiber-reinforced systems crystallized faster than unreinforced (PPS), and the degree of crystallinity was less under comparable crystallization conditions. It was also observed that the rate of crystallization was enhanced in those systems which exhibited transcrystallinity in thin PPS film/single fiber composites as compared to those systems which did not exhibit transcrystallinity. Furthermore, the degree of crystallinity showed a nonlinear crystallization temperature dependence for those systems that exhibited transcrystallinity.
Morphological Development and Yield Potential in Hesperaloe Funifera (AGAVACEAE), An Experimental Fibre Crop for Dry Regions

Hesperaloe funifera (Agavaceae) is an experimental fibre crop which produces strong, fine fibres with potential uses in the specialty-paper industry. Hesperaloe's agronomic potential was evaluated in two long-term studies. The plant is a perennial with a rosette habit. Growth occurred by production of new leaves from the primary rosette until Year 3 and from secondary rosettes from Year 3 on. Rates of biomass growth increased over the five years studied. High-density stands (27 000 plants ha -l ) produced 190 t fresh weight ha -1 after five years. Plots harvested once, after Year 5, produced more biomass than plots harvested twice, after Years 3 and 5. Increased biomass production can be achieved by improved stand establishment and nutrient management.
The fracture analysis of composites by a micromechanical approach

An analytical method developed for the analysis of fracture development in composites is described and illustrated for several composite systems. A classical fracture-mechanics modeling technique was employed with the process-zone concept and small- or large-scale analysis. The distinctive characteristic of the method described is an explicit consideration in the analysis of the discrete distribution of the reinforcing components within the composite. The reinforcement mechanisms in composites are based on formation of a system of restrictive forces imposed on the crack surfaces by reinforcing components. The region where these restrictive forces are activated, the so-called fracture process zone, is a subject of the analysis and model development for evaluating composite fracture resistance and strength. Representing the process zone geometry as a line zone allows one to obtain analytical solutions to the representative problems and to investigate detailed micromechanical aspects of the process. The methodology developed was applied to composites formed from a brittle matrix reinforced by unidirectional fibers and to a brittle matrix reinforced by ductile particles.