cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Type B Niemann-Pick Disease |[bull]| 725

Twenty patients with Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) type B (4 to 42 yrs) from 18 different families who had each been diagnosed by the demonstration of reduced acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity in peripheral leukocytes were serially evaluated to: 1) characterize the clinical phenotype; 2) determine the plasma lipid levels and 3) determine the ASM genotype. Molecular analysis for the common NPD type A (R496L, L302P and fsP33O) and B (delR608) mutations was performed using genomic DNA from each patient. No patient had any of the type A mutations, whereas four patients were heterozygous for the common type B mutation, and three were delR608 homozygotes. Sequencing of unknown alleles identified five new mutations (P323A, C431F, Q292K, H575L, and H425R), two of which occurred in delR608 compound heterozygotes. Clinical evaluation demonstrated hepatosplenomegaly in all patients, with the exception of two adults who had undergone splenectomy and only had hepatomegaly. Fourteen patients were under the age of 18, and 12 had growth retardation (height and weight < 5th%). Liver function, assessed by SGPT and SGOT levels, was minimally impaired in several patients. Ophthalmologic examination revealed a macular halo or red spot in 10 patients, all of whom had mild neurologic findings (e.g. peripheral neuropathy, learning disabilities etc.). No ophthalmologic or neurologic features were present in any of the seven patients with one or more copies of delR608 suggesting a protective effect for this mutation. Determination of lipid levels revealed that all patients had abnormal profiles, regardless of genotype, which were characterized by total cholesterol and triglyceride levels above the 95th percentile for age, HDL fractions less than the 5th percentile, markedly decreased ApoA1 levels and increased ApoB levels. Echocardiography, stress tests and cardiac evaluation in five adult patients revealed mild mitral valve regurgitation in three, but no other abnormalites. Treatment of the hyperlipidemia in two adult patients by diet modification resulted in significant decreases in the lipid levels, but not into the normal range. In the pediatric patients, diet modification also reduced lipid levels, but had an adverse impact on growth. Efforts are now being directed to achieve diets that provide high caloric intake while restricting cholesterol to determine the efficacy of this approach. Thus, these studies provide the first genotype-phenotype correlations in NPD type B, particularly with regard to the ophthalmologic and neurologic features.
Use of tumescent mastectomy technique as a risk factor for native breast skin flap necrosis following immediate breast reconstruction.

Native breast skin flap necrosis is a complication that can result from ischemic injury following mastectomy and can compromise immediate breast reconstruction. The use of the tumescent technique has been reported as advantageous in mastectomies for several reasons. These include: hydrodissection for easier skin flap dissection, minimization of blood loss, perioperative analgesia, and a decreased thermal injury to tissues from electrocautery. However, the vasoconstriction mediated by epinephrine in tumescent solution can also increase tissue ischemia in native breast skin flaps after mastectomy. The use of the tumescent technique has been associated with a significantly increased risk of native breast skin flap necrosis in the setting of immediate breast reconstruction.
The Steiner Problem on Surfaces of Revolution

While the Steiner problem has been extensively studied in the Euclidean plane, it remains an open problem to solve the Steiner problem on arbitrary non-planar (piecewise smooth) surfaces. We suggest an algorithm for solving the n-point Steiner problem on surfaces of revolution which have a non-decreasing generating function by constructing an isometric framework on a plane endowed with a weighted distance metric, thus propelling a new analytical avenue for studying the Steiner problem on surfaces with non-constant curvature.
Computational analysis of the machining of laser-hardened D2 tool steel

The contact between D2 tool steel and a single-point cutting tool creates significant opportunities to understand how dry machining of laser-hardened materials affects the economics of manufacturing, especially at the microscale. The present paper not only compares various computational approaches to the solution of shear plane and tool face temperatures during dry machining, but also discusses how the heat is generated and the accompanying forces react to large changes in the coefficient of friction. The paper accounts for the changes in material properties during machining and also shows how stresses and strains are affected by subtle and vulgar changes in the magnitude of the coefficient of friction.
On the Size Dependence of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticle via Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis

In recent years there has been enormous interest in using nanoparticles (NP) in various biomedical applications like imaging, clinical diagnostics, gene and drug delivery etc. Experiments show that the cellular uptake of NPs which enter via clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) is size dependent, and there is an optimal NP size at which the uptake is maximum. A theoretical model that has been proposed to explain this experimental observation links the size dependence to the diffusion rate of receptors on the plasma membrane.We put forward an alternative explanation for the size dependence of NP uptake, proposing that it is determined by the mechanical properties of the protein coat that forms on CCVs during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Based on observations of vesicle size noted for different tissues, we infer that the protein coat, which causes the membrane to invaginate, has a natural curvature that varies approximately between 1/80-1/40 nm−1. using a simple model that we proposed earlier (Banerjee et al., Biophys. J. 102, 2725 (2012)) we find that a CCV can accommodate cargo of similar size, and that the formation of coat around a particle whose size does not fall within this range is energetically unfavorable. We also list some experimental evidence in support of our hypothesis.
The isothermal dendritic growth experiment - A USMP-2 space flight experiment

The NASA Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE), which is to be performed on three of the U.S. Microgravity Payload flights, is discussed. IDGE is designed to investigate dendritic growth under microgravity. The theory of dendritic growth and the effects of gravity on it are reviewed, and the IDGE experimental apparatus, design, and ground-based tests are discussed.
Biophysical analysis of the EPEC translocated intimin receptor-binding domain

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are Gram (-) bacteria responsible for widespread illness in the form of diarrhea. EPEC cells attach to the intestinal epithelium using a Type III secretion system common to many Gram (-) bacteria. The translocated intimin receptor (TIR) is the first protein secreted through the EPEC secretion complex, and is absolutely required for pathogenesis. It inserts into the intestinal epithelium, serving as an anchor responsible for the attachment of EPEC to the host epithelial cell. Intimin is a transmembrane protein displayed on the EPEC cell surface with an extracellular domain that binds TIR. Observation of a TIR-TIR dimer in the X-ray co-crystal structure of the extracellular domains of intimin and TIR raised the question of how these protein domains interact and function in solution. Herein we report that the extracellular domain of TIR exists in a folded and active monomeric state in solution, as confirmed by analytical ultracentrifugation, analytical size-exclusion HPLC, isothermal titration calorimetry, and surface plasmon resonance.
The synthesis and characterization of iron colloid catalysts in inverse micelle solutions

We have studied the synthesis and characterization of Fe based nanometer sized clusters formed in inverse micelle solutions. Inverse micelles provide a colloidal sized reaction template in an oleic solvent. Metal salts are solubilized within the interior of inverse micelles, and the addition of a reducing agent initiates nucleation and growth to produce the clusters. Surfactant acts to stabilize the particles. TEM shows that the average particle size is less than 3 nm in diameter. The reduction reaction of iron salts with LiBH4 in inverse micelle solutions results in the formation of FeB, Fe2+BOx (i.e. pyroborate), and α-Fe as determined by Mossbauer spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Oxidation after exposure to air leads to the conversion of the FeB to α-Fe then to an undetermined Fe2+ phase and then finally to Fe3O4. Iron based metals are of interest as active, selective catalysts for a number of hydrogenation reactions including methanation and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. We report catalytic results of iron clusters in the hydrogenolysis of naphthyl bibenzyl methane (NBM), a model reaction for coal liquefaction. The role of surfactant in the reaction mechanism is determined.
Quantum Hall droplets in coupled lateral quantum dots

Abstract We present a theory and Coulomb and spin blockade spectroscopy experiments on quantum Hall droplets with controlled electron numbers ( N 1 , N 2 ) in laterally coupled gated quantum dots. The theory is based on the configuration interaction method (CI) coupled with the unrestricted Hartree–Fock (URHF) basis. It allows us to calculate the magnetic field evolution of ground and excited states of coupled quantum dots with large electron numbers. The method is applied to the spin transitions in the ( 5 , 5 ) droplet. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate the creation of the ( 5 , 5 ) droplet and its spin blockade spectra.
Magnetic properties of Ni-Rh alloys near the critical composition for ferromagnetism

The magnetizations of Ni-Rh alloys on either side of the critical composition for ferromagnetism (${c}_{\mathrm{crit}}\ensuremath{\approx}63\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}.%\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}$) were measured between 4.2 and 250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in fields up to 56 kOe. The initial paramagnetic susceptibility of each alloy is shown to be resolvable into a Curie-Weiss component and a weakly temperature-dependent component of the exchange-enhanced Pauli type. The latter component, which is essentially equal to the high-field differential susceptibility at low temperatures, is maximum near ${c}_{\mathrm{crit}}$. The onset of ferromagnetism, however, is more directly related to divergence of the Curie-Weiss susceptibility component and is attributed to interactions between superparamagnetic clusters. The average moment per cluster is deduced to be $\ensuremath{\sim}(20\ensuremath{-}24){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ over the composition range investigated (65-51-at.% Ni). The concentration of the magnetic clusters, though remaining dilute, increases rapidly as ${c}_{\mathrm{crit}}$ is approached from the paramagnetic side; moreover, it correlates closely with the statistical occurrence of extremely Ni-rich local regions in these atomically disordered alloys. Comparisons are made with the Ni-Cu and Ni-V systems near ${c}_{\mathrm{crit}}$, for which recent magnetization studies have revealed the analogous existence of dilute concentrations of giant magnetic clusters.
Phospholamban-Independent Adrenergic Reserve in SERCA2 Ablated Hearts

Normal cardiac contraction and relaxation requires efficient operation of the SR Ca2+ ATPase, SERCA2a. In failing hearts, decreased SERCA2a expression and slowed SR Ca2+ reuptake are thought to significantly underlie contractile dysfunction. We have studied the relationship between decreased SERCA2a expression and cardiac function using a mouse model of conditional cardiac Serca2 ablation, the Serca2fl/fl mouse. In this model, Cre activation by tamoxifen injection efficiently deletes Serca2 from the heart; four weeks post-knockout, cardiac SERCA2a protein content is below 5% of normal levels. Serca2 KO mice survive 7-10 weeks post knockout with only mild in vivo impairment prior to this time, suggesting that this loss of SERCA2a protein can be temporarily compensated. We found that isolated SERCA2a KO hearts retained the ability to respond to s-adrenergic stimulation ex vivo despite the loss of most SERCA2a protein. Because the protein regulator of SERCA2a, phospholamban (PLN), is thought to be a major component of the cardiac s-adrenergic response, this finding was unexpected and warranted further detailed investigation. To identify the mechanism underlying this preserved s-adrenergic response in SERCA2-depleted hearts, we bred Serca2fl/fl and PLN-/- mice to generate an inducible Serca2 knockout mouse line lacking PLN. Serca2fl/fl;PLN-/- mice were injected with tamoxifen to induce Serca2 gene disruption, and isolated hearts from Serca2KO;PLN-/- (“DKO”) mice were evaluated by Langendorff perfusion 4-5 weeks after Serca2 knockout. Control PLN-/- hearts show little response to s-adrenergic stimulation, and DKO hearts have impaired contractility under baseline conditions. DKO hearts, however, show improved systolic and diastolic function when perfused with 50 nM isoproterenol, indicating that targets of s-adrenergic signaling beyond PLN are able to support a significant inotropic and lusitropic response when cardiac contractility is impaired. We will discuss how these findings support new mechanisms underlying heart performance during stress and disease.
Ultrastructure of Rumen Holotrichs by Electron Microscopy

Abstract Thin sections of rumen ciliated protozoa of the subclass Holotrichia were observed with a transmission electron microscope. These protozoa had a double layered boundary separating the ectoplasm from the endoplasm. Starch granules were abundant throughout the endoplasm and are probably storage starch. Also in the endoplasm of the holotrichs were the macro- and micronuclei. They were adjacent to one another, apparently surrounded by a continuous membrane. Many unidentified dense bodies appeared in the endoplasm adjacent to the inner layer of the ectoplasmic-endoplasmic boundary. These inclusions could be precursor material to the boundary. The cuticle contained granular inclusions which might be secreted to facilitate ciliary movement. The holotrichs ingested chloroplasts as these were in vacuoles throughout the cytoplasm. The anal pore appeared to be open to the exterior and lined by a unit membrane.
A DENSITY MUTANT OF ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS.

Abstract Equilibrium centrifugation Of a suspension of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC) in CsCl reveals infectious particles of various densities. The majority of particles (>99.7%) forms a Gaussian distribution with a modal density of 1.333–1.335 g/ml. The remaining particles form one or more minor bands at greater densities than the majority. Evidence, including a fluctuation test, indicates that the increased density of these particles is due to a mutational change.
The Viscous Transonic Flow over Two-Element Airfoil Systems.

Abstract : A numerical procedure has been developed to compute the transonic viscous-inviscid interacting flow field about airfoils with leading edge slats or trailing edge flaps. The inviscid theory utilizes conformal mappings in a full potential flow formulation, with analytic removal of singularities and a mixed flow relaxation procedure. The turbulent boundary layer is computed with methods based on a turbulent kinetic energy formulation and is coupled to the inviscid flow using surface source flow boundary conditions. Semiempirical methods are used to compute local strong interaction regions occurring in the vicinity of shock waves, trailing edges, and to account for flow separation. Our results are in good agreement with existing wind tunnel data for several typical two-element airfoil configurations. (Author)
The Parent Child Development Centers and School Achievement: A Follow-Up

The long-term effectiveness of the Parent-Child Development Centers (PCDCs) as primary prevention programs was examined with follow-up data collected 6–13 years after program completion. Data were collected for 576 children who had been in the programs with the mothers (Birmingham, 153; New Orleans, 187; Houston, 244). Mothers and teachers were interviewed and school records were examined. Significant results were sparse. Houston program children had better achievement test results. Birmingham program children repeated grades less often. The largely negative results are interpreted as being a consequence of continuing poverty for the families involved.
Bonding configurations of acetylene adsorbed on the Si(100)-2×1 surface predicted by density functional cluster model calculations

We have used the hybrid density functional B3LYP method in combination with cluster surface models to study the adsorption of C2H2 on the Si(100)-2×1 surface. Four bonding configurations of C2H2 adsorption on a single Si dimer and on two neighboring dimers have been found. Two bonding configurations with C2H2 di-σ bonds result in high and comparable adsorption energies (>60 kcal mol−1), whereas the two bonding configurations with C2H2 tetra-σ bonded over two neighboring Si dimers give lower, but substantial, adsorption energies centering around 44 kcal mol−1. The calculated vibrational frequencies for the bonding configurations with C2H2 di-σ bonded structures are found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental HREELS spectra reported in the literature (M. Nishijima, J. Yoshinobu, H. Tsuda and M. Onchi, Surf. Sci., 1987, 192, 383; C. Huang, W. Widdra, X. S. Wang and W. H. Weinberg, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 1993, 11, 2250).
Adjuncts and modifications to basket retrieval of retained biliary calculi.

Although current techniques for percutaneous biliary stone extraction are highly successful, many patients require manipulation of the calculi before such extraction is possible. This article describes several adjunctive techniques for biliary stone retrieval that have proven to be effective. These include the modification of angiographic catheters for catheterization of ipsilateral ducts from the transhepatic approach, extractions of calculi from smaller ducts using constant irrigation and balloon catheters, and balloon-aidėd transampullary expulsion.
Should helical CT scanning of the thoracic cavity replace the conventional chest x-ray as a primary assessment tool in pediatric trauma? An efficacy and cost analysis

Abstract Background/Purpose: Findings from studies in the trauma literature suggest that thoracic computed tomography (TCT) scanning should replace conventional radiographs as an initial imaging modality. Limited data exist on the clinical utility and cost of TCT scans in pediatric trauma. Our current practice is to obtain TCT scans in those children at risk for thoracic injures. The purpose of this study is to examine what additional information TCT provides, how frequently it results in a change in clinical management, and a cost/benefit analysis. Methods: Children 18 years old and younger that had both a Chest x-ray (CXR) and TCT scan in their initial workup were included. Indications for TCT scan were (1) any sign of thoracic injury on CXR, (2) pathologic findings on physical examination of the chest, and (3) high impact force to chest wall. A child may have had one or more indications for a TCT scan. Results: Between 1996 and 2000, 45 of 1,638 trauma patients met study criteria. Indications for TCT included thoracic injury on CXR (n = 27), findings on physical examination (n = 8) and high-impact force (n = 33). In 18 of the 45 (40%), injuries were detected with TCT imaging but not on CXR. These included contusions (n = 12), hemothorax (n = 6), pneumothorax (n = 5), widened mediastinum (n = 4), rib fractures (n = 2), diaphragmatic rupture (n = 1), and aortic injury (n = 1). In 8 patients (17.7%) TCT imaging resulted in a change in clinical management. These included insertion of a chest tube (n = 5) aortography (n = 2) and operation (n = 1). Age, sex, injury severity score, mechanism, and indication for TCT could not predict differences between TCT and CXR ( P >.05). In our institution, the cost of a TCT is $200, and the patient charge is $906 ($94 per CXR). Based on our study data 200 TCTs would need to be done for each clinically significant change, increasing patient ($180,000) and hospital ($39,600) costs. Conclusions: Helical TCT is a highly sensitive imaging modality for the thoracic cavity; however, routine CXR still provides clinically valuable information for the initial trauma evaluation at minimal cost. TCT should be reserved for selected cases and not as a primary imaging tool. J Pediatr Surg 38:793-797. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
RAPID SERUM-ZINC DEPLETION ASSOCIATED WITH CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY

Abstract The administration of large doses of corticosteroids to major burn and surgical patients presenting with low-cardiac-output syndrome produced a rapid and sustained drop in serum-zinc. Cessation of steroid therapy was associated with an increased serum-zinc level. These findings support the hypothesis that the adenohypophyseal-adrenocortical system may be important in maintaining circulating zinc and in mobilising bodyzinc stores. The results may have important clinical significance, since maintenance of zinc levels has been linked with proper tissue repair.
Interfacial debonding of pipe joints under torsion loads: a model for arbitrary nonlinear cohesive laws

Adhesively bonded pipe joints are extensively used in pipelines. In the present work, Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) based analytical solutions are obtained for the bonded pipe joints under torsion. An integral form based general expression is derived which is suitable for arbitrary type of nonlinear cohesive laws. The concept of the minimum interfacial cohesive shear slip δ m is introduced and used in the fundamental expression of the external torsion load. It is found that, when the bond length of the pipe joint is large enough, the torsion load capacity is indeed independent of the shape of cohesive laws and the bond length. It is interesting to note that the maximum torsion load capacity is achieved when the torsion stiffness of the pipe and coupler are identical. A good agreement with finite element analysis (FEA) result indicates that the current model works well. The formulation to develop a simple test method for determining the τ–δ constitutive relationship in pipe joints under torsional loads is suggested. Parametric studies of various cohesive laws are conducted. This model deepens the understanding of the interfacial debonding problem of bonded joints. The fracture energy based formulas of the torsion load capacity derived in the present work can be directly used in the design of adhesively bonded pipe joints.
Video Transit Training for Older Travelers: Case Study of the Rossmoor Senior Adult Community, Walnut Creek, California

This study applied principles of social learning and marketing to develop a transit training video for residents of the Rossmoor Senior Adult Community in California. The video features familiar community members successfully navigating specific concerns and problems related to transit use in accessing key community destinations (shopping, health care, and the nearest San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District station). Residents were recruited to complete questionnaires before and after viewing the video to evaluate its effectiveness. Video messages that were aimed at educating viewers on how to obtain transit, cost, and payment information generated a significant and positive attitudinal change. However, respondents reported that the video did not adequately address the difficulties associated with reading schedules and climbing stairs at transit stations. Survey results also indicate a significant and positive change in respondents' future use of a broader range of Internet-related information sourc...
Sample size computation for designing multiple comparison experiments

Abstract This article considers sample size computation for designing multiple comparisons experiments. We propose sample size should be computed so that multiple comparisons confidence intervals will cover the true parameters and be sufficiently narrow with a guaranteed high probability. Appropriate formulas and computer implementation are provided for Tukey's method of all-pairwise multiple comparisons (MCA), multiple comparisons with the best (MCB) as proposed by the author, and Dunnett's method of multiple comparisons with a control (MCC). Our sample size computation is then compared with the usual computation based on the power of the F-test. An advantage of our method over the usual power-of-test method is that our method guarantees a high probability of correct multiple comparisons inference, while the latter does not, because the probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis includes the probability of directional error (inferring a treatment to be better than another when it is in fact worse). The graphical nature of our computer implementation also makes sensitivity analysis immediate.
757 SENSITIVITY OF VIRUS ISOLATION AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING IN DIAGNOSIS OF HERPESVIRUS HOMINIS INFECTION

Herpesvirus hominis encephalitis is usually confirmed by virus isolation and immunofluorescent (F-A) staining of the brain tissues. We utilized brain and other tissues from marmoset monkeys infected with H. hominis to evaluate the sensitivity of these two methods. H. hominis encephalitis and/or disseminated infection in marmosets were established by inoculation of the virus by intracerebral, intramuscular, or intravenous route. Various organtissues were harvested and prepared for 1) infectivity titration in cultured cells of human embryonic lung fibroblasts, 2) direct F-A staining, and 3) histopathological study. The following tissues were examined: cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, lymph node and lung. Data from six marmosets infected with H. hominis type 1 and two infected with type 2 were analyzed. Our findings indicated that virus isolation in tissue culture system was more sensitive and reliable than the F-A staining method. False negative results by F-A staining were found in two conditions: 1) presence of focal lesions which were missed by the frozen sections, and 2) presence of low concentrations of the virus in tissues (≤3.5 Log10 TCID50/gram). F-A staining method may provide a rapid diagnosis (within 1 to 2 hours), but virus isolation will give a conclusive diagnosis.
F#: embracing functional programming in Visual Studio 2010

Earlier this year, Microsoft released Visual Studio 2010 with full support for the F# functional programming language. In this talk, we will look at what this meant, both technically and non-technically, and some of the interesting aspects of this "productization" of F#. From ways that functional programming languages can be positioned in the broader developer space, to issues like backwards compatibility, localization and tools scalability, we'll look at some of the practical concerns facing functional programming languages in the commercial software development space.
The Dictyostelium ribosome: biochemistry, molecular biology, and developmental regulation.

This is the first comprehensive review of ribosomes in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The physicochemical, biochemical, cellular, molecular, and developmental properties are reviewed. Several features demonstrate that a unique class of ribosomes exists in this organism, and a study of these ribosomes will be important to decipher special features of translational regulation, and evolution of the organelle in the eukaryotic kingdom.Key words: cellular slime molds, development, ribosome heterogeneity, protein synthesis, evolution.
Gene therapy targets XLP.

Studying a murine model of X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP), Rivat et al report in this issue of Blood that the immune function defects of the disorder are improved or corrected by lentiviral vector–mediated gene transfer of SH2D1A into autologous hematopoietic stem cells.[1][1] X-
'Anaphase' and cytokinesis in the absence of chromosomes

ANAPHASE and cytokinesis are key processes in the segregation of replicated chromosomes to the daughter cells: in anaphase, chromosomes move apart; in cytokinesis, a cleavage furrow forms midway between the separated chromosomes. Some evidence suggests that chromosomes may be involved both in controlling the timing of anaphase onset1–3 and in dictating the position of the cleavage furrow3. Other evidence indicates that the controlling mechanisms are intrinsic to the spindle and the cell4–7. Here we test these possibilities in grasshopper spermatocytes by observing spindles and cells after removal of chromosomes. We found that both anaphase and cytokinesis occur independently of chromosomes: stage-specific changes occur at an appropriate time and in the correct way, despite the absence of chromosomes. This finding is particularly noteworthy because chromosomes have an important impact on spindle microtubule assembly8,9 and the timing of anaphase onset10 in these cells.
Why the Studies of Science Need a Psychology of Science

As I have argued elsewhere (Feist, 2006a; Feist & Gorman, 1998), the psychology of science is a discipline that incorporates all the major subdisciplines in psychology, in particular the neuroscientific, developmental, cognitive, personality, and social perspectives. The empirical investigations that psychologists have contributed to the study of scientific thought, interest, and achievement have substantially altered and added to our understanding of the nature of science. Moreover, psychologists of science bring unique methodological and theoretical tools to the studies of science. Only psychologists, for instance, can bring a true experimental design to the study of scientific thought and behavior. The contributions by Simonton, Gorman, Brewer and Schommer-Aikins, Runyan, and myself in this current special issue exemplify some of uniqueness and diversity that psychology has to offer the studies of science.
ON THE ROLE OF THE SUBTROPICAL JET STREAM OF WINTER IN THE ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION

Abstract Calculations of budgets of heat, angular momentum and kinetic energy for the tropical latitudes are obtained in a coordinate system following the subtropical jet stream axis at the 200-mb surface. Comparisons of the fluxes of various quantities with those required at certain latitudes show that the vertical mass circulation has a very important role in the tropics and that the daily eddies are important on the poleward side of the jet stream. Large fluxes of various atmospheric properties are computed for 3 different months. The month of January, 1956, shows very large export of kinetic energy and angular momentum from tropics into middle latitudes. Statistics of the middle-latitude zonal and meridional motion are studied. It is shown that the month of January, 1956, was one of very low zonal index, blocking, and very slow eastward wave motion. Possible connection between lower and higher latitude circulations is suggested.
Waveguide-Based Chemical and Spectroelectrochemical Sensor Platforms

Here we review the progress in the development of waveguide-based spectroelectrochemical platforms, with special emphasis on the most recent technologies: the electroactive fiber-optic chip (EA-FOC) and chip-like spectroelectrochemical platforms using organic light emitting diode (OLED) light sources coupled with organic photovoltaic photodetectors (OPV-PD). Both technologies simplify spectroelectrochemical data collection through eliminating the need for free-space optics and benefit from the increased sensitivity of waveguide based devices producing new chemical sensor platforms.
Complications of endoscopic intranasal ethmoidectomy

A consecutive series of 90 patients undergoing endoscopic intranasal ethmoidectomy was reviewed. There were 26 complications (29%) in 19 patients in this group. Eight complications (8%) including CSF leak, temporary blindness, and hemorrhage were considered major with the latter occurring most commonly. Synechiae were the most commonly occurring minor complications. Endoscopic nasal sinus surgery performed by inexperienced operators carries with it the same risks and complications as traditional intranasal sinus surgery. Any surgeon who does not routinely perform traditional intranasal ethmoidectomy should accrue endoscopic experience through appropriate didactic training and multiple cadaver dissections (akin to otologic training).
Photochemistry of 3,3-cyclopentyl-3H-pyrazole

Abstract Irradiation of 3,3-cyclopentyl-3H-pyrazole yields spiro [2,4]hept-1-ene, vinylidenecyclopentane, and 1-vinylcyclopentene by direct intramolecular rearrangements from the excited diazoalkene (54%) and by competitive formation and subsequent rearrangement of the corresponding vinylcarbene.
Translational diffusion in Monte Carlo simulations of polymer melts: center of mass displacement vs. integrated velocity autocorrelation function

Abstract Translational diffusion has been simulated in monodisperse melts of four linear alkanes, C 2 x H 4 x +2 , x =6,30,50,158, and two cyclic alkanes, C 2 x H 4 x , x =30,50, at 473 K. The alkanes are expressed in a coarse-grained representation using x beads on a high coordination lattice, one bead for every two carbon atoms. Short-range intramolecular interactions are controlled by an adaptation of the rotational isomeric state model for unperturbed polyethylene, and the long-range interactions are controlled by a step-wise three-shell potential energy function derived from a continuous Lennard-Jones potential energy function. Acceptance of trial moves, each of which changes the coordinates of a single bead only, is governed by the Metropolis rule. Translational diffusion coefficients, D , are estimated from the mean square displacement of the center of mass and the integral of the velocity autocorrelation function. Both approaches yield the same value for D , which demonstrates that the velocity has been defined in a reasonable manner in the Monte Carlo simulation. A method is proposed for the estimation of D when the trajectory is not quite long enough to have achieved the behavior characteristic of the limit as time approaches infinity.
In Situ Study of the Effects of Heavy-Ion Irradiation on Co-Evaporated Cosi2 Films

The in situ ion irradiation capability of Argonne's HVEM-Tandem User Facility has been employed to determine the effects of 1.5 MeV Kr{sup +} irradiation and 300 kV electron irradiation on the crystallization of as-deposited and of partially crystallized 40 nm thick films of CoSi{sub 2}. Ion fluxes ranged from 8.5 {times} 10{sup 14} to 6.8 {times} 10{sup 15} m{sup {minus}2}s{sup {minus}1} for which beam heating effects may be neglected. The maximum electron flux at 300 kV was 0.8 {times} 10{sup 23} m{sup {minus}2}s{sup {minus}1}. The maximum temperature at which crystalline CoSi{sub 2} is amorphized by the ion irradiation of flux = 6.8 {times} 10{sup 15} m{sup {minus}2}s{sup {minus}1} is between 250 and 280 K. At higher temperatures amorphous material crystallizes by growth of any preexisting crystals and by classical nucleation and growth, with radial growth rates which are proportional to ion flux. The average degree of transformation per ion is 4 {times} 10{sup {minus}26} m{sup 3} per ion. Thermally induced crystallization of as-deposited films occurs above approximately 420 K. For ion doses at least as low as 3.4 {times} 10{sup 16} m{sup {minus}2} ion irradiation at 300 K promotes thermal crystallization at 450 K, by virtue of enhanced apparant nucleationmore » and at large doses, by enhanced growth rate. 8 refs., 2 figs.« less
The Surgical Learning Curve of Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation: Implications for Prosthetic Training and Referral

Purpose: We investigated the surgical learning curve of artificial urinary sphincter implantation using a large, consecutive, single surgeon series.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the results of the first 150 consecutive, virgin artificial urinary sphincter implantations performed by a single surgeon between 1992 and 2003 for post-prostatectomy male stress urinary incontinence. Complication and reoperation rates, and continence outcomes (daily pad use and number of patients with a functional artificial urinary sphincter at last followup) were analyzed as a function of consecutive implant cases.Results: There was a significant decrease in the number of patients with complications (12 vs 3, relative risk 4.0, p = 0.012) and the number with reoperation (11 vs 3, relative risk 3.7, p = 0.026) when the first 25 patients who underwent artificial urinary sphincter implantation were compared to the second 25. No further decrease was noted beyond the first 25 cases. Despite significantly higher ...
Morphology and peroxidase cytochemistry of mouse promonocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.

Mouse promonocytes have been identified and studied in cultures of bone marrow cells. These cells have a diameter of 14–20 µ, and in stained preparations reveal a large, indented or folded nucleus, and basophilic, finely granular cytoplasm. The living promonocyte viewed by phase contrast shows additional features: nucleoli, small dense bodies, and vesicles in the cytoplasm adjacent to the nuclear hilus, and slight membrane ruffling. Prominent ultrastructural components of promonocytes include a well developed Golgi apparatus, small numbers of centrosomal granules and vacuoles, extensive ribosomal aggregates, and finger-like projections of the cell surface. Promonocytes engage in pinocytosis and phagocytosis, but they are less active in these functions than are peripheral blood monocytes of peritoneal macrophages. Promonocytes are positive for peroxidase, the reaction product being localized to granules most of which are centrally situated in the cell. Monocytes in blood or in inflammatory peritoneal exudates display much smaller numbers of peroxidase-positive granules, and various types of mature mouse macrophages are peroxidase negative.
The Aspira Consent Decree: A Thirtieth-Anniversary Retrospective of Bilingual Education in New York City

In this article, Luis O. Reyes provides a retrospective of the historic 1974 Aspira Consent Decree between the New York City Board of Education and Aspira of New York, which established bilingual instruction as a legally enforceable federal entitlement for New York City's non-English-speaking Puerto Rican and Latino students. Reyes analyzes the fate of the Aspira Consent Decree over the last thirty years. He discusses the demographic and sociopolitical changes between 1974 and the present, the pedagogical and political struggles associated with the consent decree over the years, the lessons learned, and the emerging trends and prospects for bilingual education in New York City's public school system, which is now under direct mayoral control.
Mechanism of Dopaminergic Suppression of Gonadotropin Secretion in Men

Dopamine (DA) has been shown by previous investigators to inhibit gonadotropin secretion in man. The purpose of our study was to determine the mechanism (s) by which this inhibition occurs. DA, its antagonist haloperidol (HA), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were used as investigative agents. Conclusions are based on changes in LH pulse frequency and amplitude, as well as mean gonadotropin response and response areas during various treatments. Five normal men (23–30 yr of age) received 4-h constant iv infusions of saline (0), DA (4 µg/kg/min), synthetic GnRH (0.4 µg/min), DA (4 µg/tg/kg/min) plus GnRH (0.4 µg/min), and HA (2.5 mg, orally). Blood was sampled via an indwelling cannula from the opposite arm every 15 min for 1 h before, during, and after the infusion or HA treatment. The LH and FSH concentrations were measured in each sample by RIA. Testosterone was also measured but only in samples at hourly intervals. The maximum LH concentrations during the 0, DA, GnRH, DA plus GnRH, and HA treat...
Effects of short chain fatty acids on seedlings

Abstract. Primary roots of lettuce show no appreciable diminution of sensitivity of SCFA between 24 and 72 h, so it is likely that all actively growing primary roots are susceptible to inhibition by SCFA. While roots do not recover from long exposures to high concentrations of SCFA, partial recovery is seen following exposure to intermediate levels. SCFA inhibit elongation of lettuce and turnip hypocotyls as well as roots. However, higher concentrations are required to produce a given inhibition of hypocotyl. In contrast with the inhibition of roots, inhibition of shoots is markedly dependent on the chain length of the fatty acid. Thus, either access to sites of action or action at the sites differs between shoots and roots of the same seedling plants.
Subchronic oral administration of gossypol-acetic acid (GAA) alters the distribution and utilization of radioiron in male rats

Gossypol-acetic acid (GAA) has been shown to be a powerful chelator of iron. To determine how subchronic administration of GAA affects the distribution and utilization of radioiron, male Holtzman rats, which had received a daily oral dose of GAA (20 mg/kg body weight) for 16 weeks, were injected i.p. with [59Fe]citrate (activity = 16.5 muCi/kg body weight) and [59Fe] incorporation into circulating erythrocytes, bone marrow, liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, and urine was measured 6, 12, or 24 h after [59Fe] administration. Iron [59Fe] incorporation was enhanced in the spleens, livers, bone marrow, and blood of the GAA-treated rats, and increased as the time post-[59Fe] injection increased. Hematological parameters remained within normal limits throughout the 16-week treatment period, suggesting an erythropoietic compensation in the GAA-treated rats. Iron status was markedly different in the GAA-treated rats at the end of the 16 week treatment period, suggesting altered iron utilization. The data suggest that [59Fe] is preferentially distributed to the erythroid tissues of GAA-treated rats for utilization in erythropoiesis.
Genetic Linkage Mapping of Allozyme Loci in Even- and Odd-year Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

We constructed genetic linkage maps of allozyme loci in even- and odd-year pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), using the total of 320 families (each female was crossed with two different males, and 80 females and 160 males were used for each of even year and odd year). The maps include eight linkage groups involving 22 loci. We observed substantial variation in recombination frequencies among different families within broodline and between sexes within broodlines. In the linkage analysis between sAAT-3* and sMDH-B1,2*, two even-year families and one odd-year family exhibited evidence of association, but two even-year and one odd-year families did not. Recombination rate tends to be reduced in males in pink salmon. The ratio of recombination rate (female/male), which ranged from 1.7 to infinity, averaged 2.8 in the even-year crosses and 3.2 in the odd-year crosses. The linkage groups (LG) I and II involving sAAT and mAH loci, which probably duplicated in the recent tetraploidization event, and the orders of loci in the LGs I (sAAT-3* --> mAH-4*) and II (mAH-3* --> sAAT-4*) were reversed, suggesting the possible paracentric inversion during salmonid evolution after the duplication.
Quench simulation and thermal diffusion in epoxy-impregnated magnet system

We have developed a new computer code that addresses quench simulation and analysis of a magnetically coupled epoxy-impregnated superconducting magnet system. The new computer code contains several new provisions: (1) it includes the effect of AC loss from the field variations in the winding due to field change because of the fast current transfer between the magnetically coupled solenoids; and (2) simultaneous solution of the propagation velocities in all directions in each coil by solving the thermal diffusion equation in the three directions (tangential, radial and axial). In addition to the above new features, the code solves for the currents, voltage, temperature distribution, and resistance of each coil as function of time. Thermal simulation of the protection switch and the quenching heaters is part of the new code. >
Off-state modulation of SOI floating-body

Off-state modulation of the floating-body potential in partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (PDSOI) transistors from the 90-nm technology generation is observed using pulsed current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Varying the off-value of the gate voltage is shown to either decrease the transient on-current (I/sub on,trans/) of PDSOI devices through gate-to-body leakage or increase I/sub on,trans/ due to gate-induced drain leakage. Dependence of I/sub on,trans/ on off-state gate bias is not observed in bulk devices, PDSOI devices with body contacts, or fully depleted SOI devices, confirming the role of floating-body in the observed effects. Thus, off-state conditions should be accounted for when considering floating-body effects and when using pulsed I-V measurements to study self-heating.
THE INTERACTION OF ETHNICITY, SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS, AND GENDER IN CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

There is increased interest in the role that ethnicity sociocultural factors and gender play in research health care delivery and response to intervention. The impact of these factors on AIDS awareness programs on the phenomenology of suicide and anorexia nervosa and on clinical psychopharmacology in a homogeneous population is discussed. Risky sex practices can be related to cultural norms that stigmatize condom use and sex education to economic deprivation and to male dominance. Gender cultural and ethnic demographics can identify high-risk groups as well as influence effective interventions. Suicide rates and risk factors are compared in African-American Canadian Native and South Korean adolescents. Academic stress was a differential risk factor for the Koreans. Anorexia nervosa predominantly affects women and has cultural differences in prevalence. The homogeneous population in Hong Kong illustrates the impact of ethnicity sociocultural factors and gender on clinical psychopharmacology. Attention to ethnicity sociocultural factors and gender can individualize and improve the effectiveness of clinical psychopharmacology. (authors)
Antenna actuation for radio telemetry in remote sensor networks

We present a radio telemetry solution for remote sensor networks that uses rotational actuation of directional antennas. The benefits of this solution over either omnidirectional or fixed directional antennas for intra-nodal communications include greater energy efficiency, sparse node deployment, and robustness to node failure. Four strategies for minimizing link acquisition time are presented. Each strategy uses a search algorithm tailored to a unique combination of radio hardware to provide nodes with coordination and/or geolocation capabilities. These strategies are implemented on a two-node testbed and their performance is measured in a realistic field trial. Results show that the use of secondary radios for search coordination and geolocation provide an order of magnitude reduction in search duration. In particular, the strategy using only search coordination yields performance that is independent of node separation while performance of the strategy using only geolocation is strongly dependent on range.