cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intertwined Cultural and Relational Environments of Organizations

I examine fundamental elements of the cultural and relational environments of the organizations that produce electoral forecasts in the Spanish parliamentary elections. The analysis reveals how these elements shape the interests and decisions in a collectivity of organizations that share a common technology. I investigate the reasons for the coincidence of incorrect forecasts across the polling firms by considering neoinstitutional propositions about the social construction of institutions and isomorphism by mimesis. The coincidence of forecasts contributes to preserving the firms' individual and collective social legitimacy despite repeated forecasting failures. To reach coincidence, the firms' decisions about what forecast to present is decoupled from the ineffective technological process that legitimates the forecasts. Cultural conceptions about the production and technology of the forecasting activity generate interdependence among the polling firms. This relational aspect compels firms to conform their forecasts to those of other firms.
Splitting hares and tortoises: a classification of neuronal immediate early gene transcription based on poised RNA polymerase II.

Immediate early transcription is an integral part of the neuronal response to environmental stimulation and serves many brain processes including development, learning, triggers of programmed cell death, and reaction to injury and drugs. Following a stimulus, neurons express a select few genes within a short period of time without undergoing de novo protein translation. Referred to as the ‘gateway to genetic response’, these immediate early genes (IEGs) are either expressed within a few minutes of stimulation or later within the hour. In neuronal IEGs that are expressed rapidly, productive elongation in response to neuronal activity is jump-started by constitutive transcription initiation together with RNA polymerase II stalling in the vicinity of the promoter. IEGs expressed later in the hour do not depend on this mechanism. On the basis of this Polymerase II poising, we propose that the immediate early genes can be grouped in two distinct classes: the rapid and the delayed IEGs. The possible biological relevance of these classes in neurons is discussed.
Mortality from coronary heart disease and physical activity of work in California.

Abstract A gradient of decreasing mortality rates from coronary heart disease with increasing physical activity of work in middle-aged men, reported from England, is confirmed under special conditions in California data for 1949 to 1951. The California gradient is clearly revealed only in contrasts between occupational groups of similar general mortality risk. The evidence for a social class gradient of coronary mortality in California is revealed in the same way, although it too is readily apparent in British studies without controlling general mortality risk. Earlier studies in the United States, which failed to confirm British results, have not included an analysis of general mortality. The apparently greater risk of coronary mortality in sedentary workers compared to heavy workers is of moderate degree, about 40 per cent for occupations at average general mortality risk in the California data. Factors which increase the general mortality risk, and which had obscured the physical activity association, seem to account for as much coronary mortality as that possibly attributed to a limitation of physical activity in work.
Beam single-spin asymmetry in semiinclusive deep inelastic scattering

We calculate, in a model, the beam spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive jet production in deep inelastic scattering. This twist-3, T-odd observable is nonzero due to final state strong interactions. With reasonable choices for the parameters, one finds an asymmetry of several percent, about the size seen experimentally. We present the result both as an explicit asymmetry calculation and as a model calculation of the new transverse-momentum dependent distribution function g{sup perpendicular}.
Orchestrating the planning process.

Strategic planning at Lord Corporation is developed by line and staff managers. As a result, those responsible for implementation “own the plan,” while the CEO directs the formulation of the strategy.
Further differences in receptive field properties of simple and complex cells in cat striate cortex.

Abstract Receptive fields of 323 neurons in the cat striate cortex were studied and classified (138 simple, 119 complex, 66 other types) by noting responses to moving slits of light and light dark borders. Every simple and no complex field had clear suppressive or inhibitory sidebands flanking the discharge center. Also, in most fields, two or more regions which responded to a single contrast edge (dark-to-light or light-to-dark) could be mapped, and these were spatially overlapped in complex fields but tended to be offset in simple fields. Unlike other differences between simple and complex fields, the two described here are equally applicable in all parts of the visual field, including the monocular segment.
Peptides derived from pro-growth hormone-releasing hormone activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in GH3 pituitary cells.

Posttranslational processing of the pro-growth hormone-releasing hormone (proGHRH) peptide can result in the formation of at least two peptide products: GHRH and the C-terminal peptide, GHRH-related peptide (GHRH-Rp). While cyclic adenosine monophosphate transduces many of the actions of GHRH, other pathways also have been implicated in its actions. The aims of this study were to examine and characterize the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways by GHRH, and GHRH-RP in pituitary-derived GH3 cells, as well as the activation of the transcription factors that serve as substrates for these kinases. GHRH rapidly increased p44/p42 MAPK activity in GH3 cells in a protein kinase A-dependent and a protein kinase C-independent manner and stimulated the activation of the transcription factor Elk-1. By contrast, GHRH-RP, and p75-92NH2 had no effect on p44/p42 MAPK phosphorylation in these cells. Additionally, we determined that all three peptides, GHRH, GHRH-RP, and p75-92NH2, rapidly and specifically increase phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and stimulate the activation of the nuclear factor CHOP. These are the first studies to demonstrate the activation of Elk-1 by GHRH and the activation of p38 MAPK and CHOP by GHRH, GHRH-RP, and p75-92NH2. We conclude, that members of the GHRH family of peptides differentially activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways and suggest that the biologic actions of GHRH may be far more diverse than previously thought.
Determination of the Unloading Boundary in Transverse Impact of an Elastic-Plastic String

Abstract : When a thin, elastic-plastic wire is transversely impacted, both longitudinal and transverse loading waves propagate. For certain types of excitation, unloading waves also propagate, and they overtake and interact with the loading waves. These interactions occur on moving boundaries, and a knowledge of the locations of these boundaries is needed for the solution of wave propagation problems of this kind. An analytical technique and a numerical technique for the solution of such problems in long wires is presented. Examples, including response to impact by a finite mass, are given to illustrate the techniques. For finite length wires, the techniques will determine the initial portion of the solution. (Author)
Strength Degradation of Nonrandom Porous Ceramic Structures under Uniaxial Compressive Loading

Nonrandom porous mullite ceramics with controlled pore geometry have been fabricated using a lost mold process, where the molds were fabricated using the fused deposition process from CAD data. The pore geometry of molds was varied to achieve different pore sizes and shapes. These porous ceramic structures were then tested under uniaxial compression to evaluate their strength degradation for different pore volumes created by varying pore sizes and shapes. The finite element method (FEM) has been used to understand the effect of these porosity parameters based on stress concentrations along pore boundaries. Strength degradation of porous ceramics was found to be related to the increase in stress concentration along the pore boundaries in three-dimensional nonrandom porous ceramics.
On the matroids representable over GF (4)

Abstract The purpose of this note is to present a counterexample to a conjecture of Kahn and Seymour on the minor-minimal matroids not representable over GF (4).
Synthesis of [8‐14C]. N6‐(Δ2‐isopentenyl ) adenosine

N6 - (Δ2 -isopentenyl) adenosine, known as IPA or IPAdo, is a normal component of t-RNA which has growth atimulatory effects in plants and growth inhibitory effects in mammalian cells, including human leukemia. 8-14C-IPA was synthesised' by alkylating 8-14C adenosine with Δ2-isopentenly bromide. The purity of the radioactive product was greater than 99%. A procedure was devised for isolating this compound and preserving its purity.
Clinicopathologic analysis of amphiregulin and heregulin immunostaining in breast neoplasia.

We observed no association between neoplastic epithelial immunostainingfor either amphiregulin (AR) or heregulin (HRG) and presence of ER,EGFR/ERBB-2 overexpression, nodal status, or disease recurrence in 34 breastcarcinomas. However, stromal cell staining for both correlated with outcome;29% of stromal cell AR⊖ cases recurred vs. 85% forAR⊕ cases (p=0.001), and 41% of stromal cell HRG⊖cases recurred vs. 82% of HRG⊕ cases (p=0.01). Weconclude that both HRG and AR have significant biologic roles in breastcarcinoma growth or progression via mediation of host-tumor interactionswhich favor aggressive tumor behavior.
Professional Horse Race Gambling: Working without a Safety Net

Using a comparative framework advocated by Hughes, I describe and analyze the work activities of professional horse race gamblers. Drawing upon qualitative data, I show that this unresearched occup...
Recoil Energy Spectrum of the Sodium Ions Following the β - Decay of Ne 23

Following the beta decay of ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{23}$, the sodium ions have a recoil energy distribution which is dependent on the nature of the decay. A precise measurement has been made of the recoil spectrum from 100 to 500 eV. From these data the electron-neutrino angular correlation coefficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ has been determined to be -0.33\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03, in good agreement with $V\ensuremath{-}A$ interaction. The quoted error includes an uncertainty of only 2% due solely to the recoil measurements. The principal uncertainty in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ arises from the errors quoted by Penning and Schmidt for their measurements of the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-ray intensities to the ground and first excited states. If it is assumed that $V\ensuremath{-}A$ interaction is valid and hence $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{3}$, the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-ray intensities to the ground and first excited states of ${\mathrm{Na}}^{23}$ may be calculated from the recoil data. Such calculations were made and the results are, respectively, (67\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)% and (32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)%. From the end point of the recoil spectrum, the decay energy to the ground state has been determined to be 4.383\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008 MeV.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the left internal thoracic artery graft: a case report in a child.

A 9-year-old girl who had undergone previous coronary artery bypass surgery at the age of 3.5 years for stenoses of the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries resulting from Kawasaki disease presented with recurrent exertional angina. Stenosis was found at the anastomosis of the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was successfully performed. This is the first reported case of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of an internal thoracic artery graft in a child. © 1994 Wiley-Liss,Inc..
Modulation of solar flare particles and track density profiles in gas-rich meteorite grains

A solution is presented to the problem concerning the time-averaged solar flare particle flux as a function of kinetic energy and distance from the sun for a given particle injection spectrum at the sun within the framework of standard diffusion-convection-adiabatic deceleration theory with the diffusion coefficient independent of distance from the sun. Results of the calculations which give best agreement with observations at 1 AU are presented and discussed, with particular reference to their implications for gas-rich meteorites. Normalization at the orbit of earth is achieved via observed track density versus depth profiles in lunar vug crystals. It is shown that if gas-rich meteorite grains were irradiated in the asteroid belt and if source and modulation parameters have changed little since irradiation, the track density should be 'harder' than the lunar vug profile by about 0.2-0.3 in the index. Quantitative estimation of solar flare particle exposure ages is discussed.
Syndromes from segmental vibration and nerve entrapment: observations on case definitions for carpal tunnel syndrome

The purpose of this paper is to assess the overlap and stability of two different case definitions of carpal tunnel syndrome CTS. The analysis considers the association between different case definitions and objective tests (sensory nerve conduction velocities, SNCVs and vibrotactile perception thresholds, TTS), and the natural history of CTS, in the context of two vibration-exposed cohorts. Clinical CTS cases were defined in two ways: (1) by the study physician using fixed criteria, and; (2) by questionnaire and hand diagram. SNCV in median and ulnar nerves was measured for digital, transpalmar, and transcarpal segments, and conventionally as from wrist-digit. Skin temperature was assessed as a point measurement by thermistor and regionally by thermal imaging. VTTs were determined at the bilateral fingertips of the third and fifth digits using a tactometer meeting the requirements of ISO 13091-1 (ISO 2001). The subjects were cohorts of shipyard workers in 2001 and 2004, and dental hygienists in 2002 and 2004. Results are reported for 214 shipyard workers in 2001 and 135 in 2004, and for 94 dental hygienists in 2002 and 66 in 2004. In 2001, 50% of shipyard workers were diagnosed as CTS cases by at least one of the diagnostic schemes, but only 20% were positive by both criteria. Among study physician diagnosed cases, 64% were CTS negative in 2001, 76% were negative in 2004, 13% were positive in both years, 22% became negative after being positive, and 11% became positive after being negative. For only study physician diagnosed CTS did VTTs differ between cases differ and non-cases in digit 3; there was no such distinction in digit 5. The dental hygienists had little CTS. Clinical case definitions of CTS based on diagrams and self-assessment, and clinical evaluation have limited overlap. Combining clinical criteria to create a more narrow or specific case definition of CTS does not appear to predict SNCV. The natural history of CTS suggests a protean disorder with considerable flux in case status over time.
Miracles in sport: Finding the ‘ears to hear’ and the ‘eyes to see’

Within the context of sports, the term ‘miracle’ is regularly associated with game-winning shots, holes-in-one, completed Hail Marys and other improbable outcomes. These conceptions of miracles largely focus on the success of specific sport actions at specific times when such success is deemed highly improbable. While prominent in the popular sports literature, most scholars agree that this perspective on miracles is very simple and highly unsophisticated. Events portrayed as simply ‘beating the odds’ would represent pale versions of miracles at best. Some conceptions of miracles, however, include characteristics that reach beyond improbable outcomes. From more sophisticated perspectives, miracles are often viewed as divine action guiding the ordinary course of human experience. To be considered ‘miraculous’, improbable outcomes in sport would need to be perceived as interactions between the supernatural (God or other divine entity) and the natural (physical world). In addition, miraculous occurrences wou...
“Ecce Panis Angelorum”: The Manger as Altar in Hugo's Berlin Nativity

The Nativity by Hugo van der Goes in the Staatliche Museen in Berlin (Fig. 1) is unusual both in its long, narrow dimensions (97 × 245cm) and in its inclusion of two dramatic foreground figures, who open curtains to reveal the Adoration of the Child.1 Because of its horizontal proportions, it was suggested that this panel once formed the predella of the Monforte Altarpiece, a proposal that is now generally rejected.2 The traditional interpretation of the half-length figures in the foreground as prophets is still accepted in current literature, however, and the curtains that they hold have been characterized as the veil that is removed from the Old Testament by means of their prophecy.3 Although the theme of prophets disclosing the truth of the New Testament was popular throughout the Middle Ages, there seems to be neither a literary nor a visual tradition for prophets unveiling the Nativity as they do in Hugo's painting. Both the prophets and the curtains, in fact, as well as the unusual shape of the pane...
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of A C5-chiral building block: A substrate modification approach.

Abstract The enantioselectivity of α-chymotrypsin hydrolysis of prochiral dimethyl-3-hydroxyglutarates was controlled by the proper choice of the hydroxyl protecting groups. This strategy allows the synthesis of a versatile C 5 -chiral building block.
Thinking in Picture

: We live today in a highly visual culture. Therefore, the author asserts that the use of visual images in preaching is an appropriate response of the church to the challenge of communicating the gospel in our pervasively visualized world. In making this argument, the author reviews the uses of art in the church's historical life, sets forth three theological assumptions that can ground such practice and urges a complementarity of words and images in homiletical practice. Words alone can be used to exclude people (e.g. doubters and heretics) from the embrace of the gospel. Images alone can be so all-inclusive in their meaning that they lead to superstition and idolatry. Words and images used together can communicate a holistic gospel to holistic hearers.
Evaluation of Low Molecular Weight RNA Profiles and Ribotyping to Differentiate some Bacillus Species

Summary Low molecular weight (LMW) RNA profiles and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) based on probing for ribosomal DNA sequences were evaluated as complementary techniques to differentiate between and identify common species of Bacillus . The collection included type strains from ATCC, strains from various laboratories, and natural isolates of B. mycoides . Neither LMW RNA profiles nor RFLP analysis alone were able to differentiate between all species of Bacillus examined in this study. The LMW RNA profiles of the species in the B. cereus complex ( B. cereus, B. mycoides , and B. tburingiensis ) were indistinguishable; so were the B. subtilis and B. antyloliquefaciens profiles. The RFLPs of the B. cereus complex, B. amyloliquefaciens , and B. pumilus were apparently identical; so were those of B. subtilis and B. licbeniforntis . Bacillus brevis , B. spbaericus , B. megaterium and B. circulans had distinct LMW RNA profiles and RFLPs. The LMW RNA profiles of strains of the B. cereus complex were found to be affected by the presence of Mn +2 , Mg +2 and Ca +2 in the growth medium and possibly the physiological state of the cells when the RNA was extracted. The combination of the two techniques was able to discriminate between all species except the B. cereus complex.
The cutting effectiveness of carbide fissure burs on teeth

The cutting effectiveness of the burs decreased with time. While the multivariate analysis of variance showed an overall difference among the three groups, these differences appeared to be due to the shape of the curves (the linear and quadratic components) rather than to their average location (the mean). Therefore there were no significant differences in cutting among the three types of burs tested. The SEM photomicrographs showed that there was no gross bur damage after the burs were used for cutting tooth structure. The cutting mechanism of a carbide bur on tooth structure needs further investigation.
Things I Wish I had Known before becoming a Pharmacy Leader

The Director's Forum series is designed to guide pharmacy leaders in establishing patient-centered services in hospitals and health systems. This month's article is intended to provide tips and guidance for new pharmacists who suddenly find themselves in managerial roles. While this can be a challenge, there is a network of colleagues within the profession who have also experienced this transition.
Two unusual G-band variants of the short arm of chromosome 9

Two familial G-band variants of the short arm of chromosome 9 are described. One is associated with C-band material, but the other is not and appears to involve euchromatin.
Stress Monitoring Research in Dancing Condition of Transmission Tower Based on FBG Sensors

The stress distribution on transmission tower was found out by finite element analysis. Combined with analysis results, FBG(Fiber grating) strain sensors were fixed on upper part of tower, cross-arm of tower and body of tower, to monitor the stress of tower in dancing condition. FBG sensor measuring results and finite element analysis results are consistent, and the error is less than 10%.Research indicates that the 24th point is the maximum point of stress at the wind speed of 20m, and the maximum value is beyond yield stress. So the part of tower needs to be reinforced to avoid danger occurring.
Distinctive Clinical, Radiographic, and Functional Characteristics of Patients With Sarcoidosis-Related Pulmonary Hypertension

Study objective To differentiate the clinical, radiographic, and physiologic profile in patients with sarcoidosis with and without pulmonary hypertension. Design Retrospective survey. Setting Tertiary care center. Patients One hundred six patients with sarcoidosis were classified by two-dimensional echocardiography into two groups: group 1, 54 patients with pulmonary hypertension; group 2, 52 patients without pulmonary hypertension. Interventions Patients underwent two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, chest radiography (CXR), pulmonary function testing, and arterial oxygen saturation determination, and the test results were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using independent-sample t test and χ 2 test, as appropriate; p Results Predicted spirometric values and lung diffusing capacity were significantly lower in patients in group 1 compared to patients in group 2: FVC, 54% vs 64% (p = 0.0065), FEV 1 , 47% vs 61% (p = 0.0005), forced expiratory flow, midexpiratory phase, 35% vs 52% (p = 0.0363), and single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D lco sb), 39% vs 54% (p = 0.0001). Sixty percent of patients in group 1 had radiographic Scadding stage 4 sarcoidosis, while no radiographic stage predominated in group 2. Arterial oxygen saturation, need for oxygen supplementation, and degree of desaturation after exercise did not differ between groups. Conclusions The presence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with sarcoidosis is associated with higher prevalence of stage 4 sarcoidosis by CXR and lower predicted spirometric and D lco sb measurements.
Entropy and free energy of a mobile protein loop in explicit water

Estimation of the energy from a given Boltzmann sample is straightforward since one just has to average the contribution of the individual configurations. On the other hand, calculation of the absolute entropy, S (hence the absolute free energy F) is difficult because it depends on the entire (unknown) ensemble. We have developed a new method called "the hypothetical scanning molecular dynamics" (HSMD) for calculating the absolute S from a given sample (generated by any simulation technique). In other words, S (like the energy) is "written" on the sample configurations, where HSMD provides a prescription of how to "read" it. In practice, each sample conformation, i, is reconstructed with transition probabilities, and their product leads to the probability of i, hence to the entropy. HSMD is an exact method where all interactions are considered, and the only approximation is due to insufficient sampling. In previous studies HSMD (and HS Monte CarloHSMC) has been extended systematically to systems of increasing complexity, where the most recent is the seven-residue mobile loop, 304-310 (Gly-His-Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly-Ser) of the enzyme porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase modeled by the AMBER force field and AMBER with the implicit solvation GB/SA (paper I, Cheluvaraja, S.; Meirovitch, H. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2008, 4, 192). In the present paper we make a step further and extend HSMD to the same loop capped with TIP3P explicit water at 300 K. As in paper I, we are mainly interested in entropy and free energy differences between the free and bound microstates of the loop, which are obtained from two separate MD samples of these microstates. The contribution of the loop to S and F is calculated by HSMD and that of water by a particular thermodynamic integration procedure. As expected, the free microstate is more stable than the bound microstate by a total free energy difference, Ffree-Fbound=-4.8+/-1, as compared to -25.5 kcal/mol obtained with GB/SA. We find that relatively large systematic errors in the loop entropies, Sfree(loop) and Sbound(loop) are cancelled in their difference which is thus obtained efficiently and with high accuracy, i.e., with a statistical error of 0.1 kcal/mol. This cancellation, which has been observed in previous HSMD studies, is in accord with theoretical arguments given in paper I.
The level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein is significantly increased in plasma in patients with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Currently, there is no way to predict with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity which patients are likely to develop systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following systemic infection, trauma, organ rejection, or blood loss. The level of human lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) was determined in the plasma of 22 patients with a clinical diagnosis of early SIRS. Twenty-nine plasma samples from healthy volunteers were used as controls. The mean level of LBP in the plasma of healthy volunteers was 7.7 micrograms/ml (standard deviation, 6.2 micrograms/ml). Twenty-one of 22 patients (95%) with SIRS had an LBP level on admission at least 2 standard deviations above the mean LBP level for a healthy volunteer control group (range, 4.9 to 114.2 micrograms/ml; mean, 36.6 micrograms/ml; standard deviation, 22.2 micrograms/ml; P < 0.0001). The level of LBP in the plasma of the majority of patients with early SIRS is significantly increased compared to that in healthy controls. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of elevated plasma LBP levels in patients with SIRS remain to be determined.
NEST PARASITISM AND DISPLAY OF CHESTNUT SPARROWS IN A COLONY OF GREY‐CAPPED SOCIAL WEAVERS

Summary. Chestnut Sparrows Passer eminibey near Magadi, Kenya, built no nests of their own but usurped nests newly built by Grey-capped Social Weavers Pseudonigrita arnaudi. The sparrows laid eggs and raised their own young in the appropriated nests. The sparrows were synchronized in their breeding with the social weavers but appeared to have a slightly later peak of breeding. Breeding of the sparrows may be stimulated by the sight of breeding activity of the social weavers. Breeding occurred in May and June at the end of a rainy season. Male Chestnut Sparrows display at the nests with the wings raised. The display is given for several hours each day. Examination of nests built by the social weavers is an element of courtship display by the male sparrow. In the subfamily Passerinae there is a greater difference in the form of the courtship display between the Chestnut Sparrow and other species of Passer than between nest-building species of Passer and other genera. The display of Chestnut Sparrows is derived from the nest-advertisement display of nest-building Passer. Its exaggerated form may be an adaptation related to pair formation and intrapair sexual stimulation in the absence of male nest-building behaviour.
Battery charging optimization for OCV-resistance equivalent circuit model

In this paper, we present a closed-form solution to the problem of optimally charging a Li-ion battery. The objective function is considered as a combination of two cost functions: time-to-charge (TTC) and energy losses (EL). For the case where cost function is a combination of TTC and EL, the optimal charging strategy is a Constant Current-Constant Voltage (CC-CV) policy with the value of the current in the CC stage being a function of the ratio of weighting on TTC and EL and of the resistance of the battery. The case where the cost function is a weighted sum of TTC, EL and a temperature rise index (TRI) is also considered and an analytical solution for the problem is derived. This analytical solution can be approximated by a CC-CV with the value of current in the CC stage being a function of ratio of weighting on TTC and EL, resistance of the battery and the effective thermal resistance. The effects of weights in the objective function on the optimal charging profile is discussed and the behavior of different kinds of commercial batteries are analyzed.
SUPPORT FOR MIR PROTOTYPING AND REAL-TIME APPLICATIONS IN THE CHUCK PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

In this paper, we discuss our recent additions of audio analysis and machine learning infrastructure to the ChucK music programming language, wherein we provide a complementary system prototyping framework for MIR researchers and lower the barriers to applying many MIR algorithms in live music performance. The new language capabilities preserve ChucK’s breadth of control—from high-level control using building block components to sample-level manipulation—and on-the-fly reprogrammability, allowing the programmer to experiment with new features, signal processing techniques, and learning algorithms with ease and flexibility. Furthermore, our additions integrate tightly with ChucK’s synthesis system, allowing the programmer to apply the results of analysis and learning to drive real-time music creation and interaction within a single framework. In this paper, we motivate and describe our recent additions to the language, outline a ChucK-based approach to rapid MIR prototyping, present three case studies in which we have applied ChucK to audio analysis and MIR tasks, and introduce our new toolkit to facilitate experimentation with analysis and learning in the language.
Determination of fetal biparietal diameter without the use of ultrasound in squirrel monkeys

This study evaluated manual caliper measurement of fetal BPD in Saimiri through the abdomen of the dam (TBPD) for correlation with paired ultrasound measurements, prediction of delivery date, subspecies variation, prediction of pregnancy outcome, and correlation between postpartum BPD and TBPD. Regression analysis revealed a close relationship between TBPD measurements and those obtained by ultrasound (P < 0.001). TBPD for Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis increased from a mean of 14.8 +/- 0.3 mm for 11 weeks prepartum to a delivery week measurement of 33.2 +/- 0.2mm. Delivery-week TBPD of Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis were significantly smaller than Saimiri sciureus sciureus (P < .05). Delivery week TBPD had a correlation coefficient of 0.64 with paired post-patrum measurements. No complications were associated with the technique. Delivery date could be predicted within two weeks. TBPD is an inexpensive, safe, rapid method of approximating fetal growth during the last half of pregnancy in Saimiri.
Congestive heart failure: Diagnosis, pathophysiology, therapy, and implications for respiratory care

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common clinical disorder that results in pulmonary vascular congestion and reduced cardiac output. CHF should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any adult patient who presents with dyspnea and/or respiratory failure. The diagnosis of heart failure is often determined by a careful history and physical examination and characteristic chestradiograph findings. The measurement of serum brain natriuretic peptide and echocardiography have substantially improved the accuracy of diagnosis. Therapy for CHF is directed at restoring normal cardiopulmonary physiology and reducing the hyperadrenergic state. The cornerstone of treatment is a combination of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor and slow titration of a blocker. Patients with CHF are prone to pulmonary complications, including obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary edema, and pleural effusions. Continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation benefit patients in CHF exacerbations. Key words: heart failure, diastolic dysfunction, systolic dysfunction, obstructive sleep apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, respiratory failure, noninvasive ventilation. [Respir Care 2006;51(4):403– 412. © 2006 Daedalus Enterprises]
Electromagnetic fuzzy logic scheme for the characterization of ac actuators

This paper presents a novel electromagnetic fuzzy logic (EMFL) scheme to predict the performance characteristics of ac actuators. The uniqueness of this technique is in the ability of the fuzzy scheme to change its properties in order to accurately characterize the performance of ac actuators for a range of design parameters. This approach is applied to a prototype ac actuator under motion to static conditions.
Workshop on graphical documentation for programmers: assessing the efficacy of UML diagrams for program understanding

Programmers often use graphical forms of documentation that rely on software visualization techniques to make complicated information easier to understand. However, it is an open question exactly which types of graphical documentation are most suitable for which types of program understanding tasks (and in which specific usage contexts). The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the de facto standard for modeling modern software applications. This paper focuses on discussing techniques for the efficacy of UML diagrams in aid of program understanding. The majority of the workshop will involve participants analyzing a series of UML diagrams and answering a detailed questionnaire concerning a hypothetical software system.
Feeding Behavior and Growth of Turkey Poults Fed Larvae of the Darkling Beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding larvae of the darkling beetle (lesser mealworm), Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) [Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae], to turkey poults on poult growth and of beak trimming on poult feeding on the larvae. Young turkey poults readily fed on the larvae and exhibited reduced growth in the absence of other feed. Poults 3 to 5 d old restricted to a diet of only larvae consumed 259 +/- 99 (+/- SD) larvae per poult per day and their body weights were significantly lower (mean = 30 g) at the end of the 3 d than for poults on starter feed during the same time. After return to starter feed for 16 d after feeding on larvae for 3 d, the poults did not compensate for the weight loss although weight gains were normal. Poults from 2 through 10 d of age were given a choice between starter turkey feed and darkling beetle larvae. The numbers of larvae consumed per poult per day were: 174 +/- 8 for Days 2 to 4, 221 +/- 3 for Days 5 to 7, and 189 +/- 80 for Days 8 to 10. There was no significant difference between the body weight of poults feeding on larvae and starter feed compared with that of poults consuming feed only. In the presence of larvae, the mean feed consumption per poult was lower than for poults provided with only starter feed. The beetle larvae were 68% crude protein and 21% fat (DM basis) and had higher amounts of 18 amino acids than the starter feed. Poults that were beak trimmed consumed only about one-third as many larvae as poults with intact beaks. Poults (1 to 3 d old) with intact beaks consumed 169 +/- 20 larvae per poult per day; poults with trimmed beaks consumed 58 +/- 23 larvae per poult per day.
Real-time control using tactile feedback and fuzzy logic

Tactile sensors are a class of robotic sensors capable of measuring contact interaction between a robotic gripper and a grasped object. Tactile sensors are an important source of dynamic information for real-time gripper control during manipulation tasks. To be effective, this dynamic information must be used as part of a real-time control scheme because many of the conditions indicated by the tactile sensor require immediate attention (typically in milliseconds or less). One important application of dynamic tactile data is the tracking of objects in real time. This paper discusses a tracking system that was implemented to prove the feasibility of using a tactile sensor and fuzzy logic to track objects in real time. The system as implemented used a tactile sensor, an X-Y table, a personal computer and custom fuzzy-logic software. It successfully tracked objects at speeds in excess of 1 ms/sup -1/. >
Defects in the Flagellar Motor Increase Synthesis of Poly-γ-Glutamate in Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis swims in liquid media and swarms over solid surfaces, and it encodes two sets of flagellar stator homologs. Here, we show that B. subtilis requires only the MotA/MotB stator during swarming motility and that the residues required for stator force generation are highly conserved from the Proteobacteria to the Firmicutes. We further find that mutants that abolish stator function also result in an overproduction of the extracellular polymer poly-γ-glutamate (PGA) to confer a mucoid colony phenotype. PGA overproduction appeared to be the result of an increase in the expression of the pgs operon that encodes genes for PGA synthesis. Transposon mutagenesis was conducted to identify insertions that abolished colony mucoidy and disruptions in known transcriptional regulators of PGA synthesis (Com and Deg two-component systems) as well as mutants defective in transcription-coupled DNA repair (Mfd)-reduced expression of the pgs operon. A final class of insertions disrupted proteins involved in the assembly of the flagellar filament (FliD, FliT, and FlgL), and these mutants did not reduce expression of the pgs operon, suggesting a second mechanism of PGA control.
Uranium Milling and Mill Tailings

Uranium milling and mill tailings present problems not inherent to other types of waste disposal. First, the milling process separates uranium from other elements, but elements such as Ra, Se, and Mo may be more or less concentrated in the tailings. Second, while modern milling is much improved over older techniques, and thus less of these elements wind up on the tailings, abandoned mill tailings from some 26 sites pose special problems.
The electrodiagnostic distinctions between chronic familial and acquired demyelinative neuropathies

We compared the electrodiagnostic studies of 40 patients with chronic acquired demyelinative neuropathy and 18 patients with familial demyelinative neuropathy. Patients with acquired neuropathy had differential slowing of conduction velocity when distal latencies were compared with more proximal conduction velocities in the same nerve, when equivalent segments of different nerves were compared, and when dispersion of compound motor action potentials was examined. Conduction block was noted in some patients. Patients with familial disease had uniform conduction slowly of all nerve segments, and conduction block was not seen. Chronic acquired demyelinative neuropathy is characterized by multifocal slowing of nerve conduction, whereas familial demyelinative neuropathy is characterized by uniform conduction slowing.
There is No Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox in Clifford-Spaces

It is shown how one can attain the desired locally causal property of QM in Clifford-spaces despite the spacelike separation of two massive spin- 1 particles involved in the Einstein-Podolksy-Rosen (EPR) experiment. This is achieved by proving why the addition laws of the particles poly-vector-valued momentum in Clifford-space is null-like. This is the key reason why it is possible to implement a locally causal QM theory in Clifford-spaces despite that QM has a non-local character in ordinary spacetime. The two particles can exchange signals in Clifford-space encoding their respective spin measurement values. Consequently, there is no EPR paradox in the Clifford space associated with the Clifford algebra Cl(3, 1) of the underlying 4D spacetime.
Intrarenal role of angiotensin II. Homeostatic regulation of renal blood flow in the dog.

The analogue, l-sarcosine-8-alanine-angiotensin II, a specific competitive antagonist of the vascular action of angiotensin II in the rat, blocked the decrease in renal blood flow after a single intrarenal injection of angiotensin II but not after an injection of norepinephrine in normal dogs, in a sodium-depleted dog, and in a dog with thoracic vena caval constriction. Infusion of the analogue at 0.2 µg/kg min-1 into the renal artery consistently increased renal blood flow and decreased renal resistance in both sodium-depleted dogs and dogs with vena caval constriction but did not alter these functions in normal dogs. In five sodium-depleted dogs, renal blood flow increased from an average control value of 196 ± 5 ml/min to 222 ± 11 and 246 ± 12 ml/min after 20 and 40 minutes of antagonist infusion (P 0.02, respectively). Mean arterial blood pressure was not altered significantly by the analogue when it was infused at 0.2 µg/kg min-1. Infusion of the analogue at 2.0µ/kg min-1 decreased arterial blood pressure and renal resistance and increased renal blood flow in five sodium-depleted dogs and in three dogs with vena caval constriction. These observations suggest an important intrarenal role for angiotensin II in the homeostatic regulation of renal blood flow in sodium-depleted dogs and in dogs with vena caval constriction.
Lack of effect of guideline changes on hypertension control for patients with diabetes in the U.S., 1995-2005.

OBJECTIVE —To study the effect of new Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC) guidelines on hypertension control for patients with diabetes in the U.S. using patients without diabetes as the control group for the time trend. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —The JNC VI and VII guidelines, published in 1997 and 2003, set more aggressive goal blood pressure for patients with diabetes. Data from the National Disease and Therapeutic Index, a nationally representative survey of outpatient visits in the U.S., was used to compare the difference in hypertension control (blood pressure <140/90 mmHg) between diabetic and nondiabetic visits during 1995–2005. RESULTS —Hypertension control improved for both diabetic and nondiabetic visits in the study period. Compared with nondiabetic visits, there was no change in hypertension control for diabetic visits before 2001 and an ∼4% increase afterward ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS —The publication of new JNC guidelines did not result in substantially better hypertension control for patients with diabetes in the U.S.
Temporary Disruption of the Rat Blood-Brain Barrier with a Monoclonal Antibody: A Novel Method for Dynamic Manganese-Enhanced MRI

Manganese (Mn(2+)) has limited permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Opening the BBB such that a sufficient amount of Mn(2+) enters the extracellular space is a critical step for dynamic manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (ME-MRI) experiments. The traditional BBB opening method uses intracarotid hyperosmolar stress which results in suboptimal BBB opening, and practically is limited to nonsurvival experiments due to substantial surgical trauma. In the present ME-MRI study, we investigate the feasibility of opening the BBB with an antibody that targets the endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) specifically expressed by rat endothelial cells. Results demonstrate that intravenous infusion of the anti-EBA agent SMI-71 leads to BBB disruption of the whole brain as detected by ME-MRI and confirmed by Evans blue dye staining. Physiologically, injection of SMI-71 leads to a hypertensive response followed by a sustained hypotensive response in animals anesthetized with urethane alone. Incorporating isoflurane partially mitigated both pressor responses. In general, BBB disruption via intravenous infusion of SMI-71 is straightforward and obviates technical difficulties associated with intracarotid hyperosmolar stress, opening new possibilities for in vivo neuroimaging with ME-MRI. The data also suggest that ME-MRI may be used as an imaging method to assess BBB integrity complementary to the Evans blue dye method, a classical but highly invasive technique, permitting longitudinal assessment of the integrity of the BBB on the same animal.
Literacy Involvement in Papua New Guinea: The Summer Institute of Linguistics

In 1979 the Papua New Guinea Branch of the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) received the UNESCO prize for literacy after be ing nominated by the Department of Education of Papua New Guinea. What does SIL endeavour to accomplish in the field of literacy in the country? This paper outlines current programs which emphasize Papua New Guinean involvement and training. With over 700 different vernaculars, three national languages and several church languages, the task of eradicating illiteracy in the country is im mense. The SIL believes good progress is being made towards this goal through the efforts of indigenous leaders and instructors in local villages throughout the country.
Stress, Strain, and Social Support During a Role Transition

The transition from the work role of a career Navy enlisted man to that of a worker in the civilian economy can be problematic for individual and interpersonal reasons (McCall & Simmons, 1978). On the one hand, the focal person’s perception of the various dimensions of a job position, along with the relevant role performances, must all change with the shift from one job to the next (see Van de Vliert, this book). Secondly, interactions with significant others in the job setting and elsewhere can help to stabilize or destabilize the role transition. Burr (1972) presents a theory dealing with the influence of job variables such as role ambiguity and role strain upon the ease of a person’s transition from one role to another. Burr’s theory is relatively abstract and could be applicable to a variety of transitions ranging from divorce to retirement.
Developing an Early Reading Intervention Aligned With the Down Syndrome Behavioral Phenotype

The aim of this project was to develop an early reading intervention for children with Down syndrome based on the related behavioral phenotype. The intervention targeted learning of letter–sound correspondences, reading of decodable and high frequency words, and phonological awareness. We evaluated the feasibility and potential efficacy of the intervention with seven children between the ages of 6 and 8 years who participated in a series of multiple-probe across lessons singlecase design studies. Results indicate a functional relation between the intervention and mastery of taught content for three students. Two students demonstrated positive although inconsistent response; two students demonstrated limited learning. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Voltage-Dependent Calcium Currents in Bulbospinal Neurons of Neonatal Rat Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla: Modulation by α2-Adrenergic Receptors

Li, Yu-Wen, Patrice G. Guyenet, and Douglas A. Bayliss. Voltage-dependent calcium currents in bulbospinal neurons of neonatal rat rostral ventrolateral medulla: modulation by α2-adrenergic receptor...