cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with Mycobacterium bovis in a patient with X-SCID: a case report

Mycobacterium bovis could infect patients with immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive conditions via Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. Tuberculosis-related hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is reported, but not HPS caused by Mycobacterium bovis in children. A 4-month Chinese boy presented fever and cough. The initial laboratory investigation showed the lymphocyte count of 0.97 × 109/L, which decreased gradually. HPS was diagnosed based on the test results that fulfilled the HLH-2004 criteria. In addition, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was detected from his peripheral blood via metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and M. bovis was identified by polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB). Thus, the patient was treated with Isoniazid, Rifampin, and Pyrazinamide, but not improved. However, parents refused to accept further therapy, and was discharged on the day 12 of admission. To confirm the pathogenesis, genetic analysis was performed. Mutation in the interleukin-2 receptor subunit gamma gene: Exon 6: c.854G > A; p. Arg285Gln was detected in the patient and the mother, which could underlie X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. A boy with X-SCID was diagnosed with M. bovis-associated HPS, emphasizing that X-SCID should be considered when M. bovis is detected in a male infant with low lymphocyte counts.
Three-dimensional stationary cyclic symmetric Einstein-Maxwell solutions; black holes

Abstract From a general metric for stationary cyclic symmetric gravitational fields coupled to Maxwell electromagnetic fields within the (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity the uniqueness of wide families of exact solutions is established. Among them, all uniform electromagnetic solutions possessing electromagnetic fields with vanishing covariant derivatives, all fields having constant electromagnetic invariants F μ ν F μ ν and T μ ν T μ ν , the whole classes of hybrid electromagnetic solutions, and also wide classes of stationary solutions are derived for a third-order nonlinear key equation. Certain of these families can be thought of as black hole solutions. For the most general set of Einstein–Maxwell equations, reducible to three nonlinear equations for the three unknown functions, two new classes of solutions – having anti-de Sitter spinning metric limit – are derived. The relationship of various families with those reported by different authors’ solutions has been established. Among the classes of solutions with cosmological constant a relevant place is occupied by the electrostatic and magnetostatic Peldan solutions, the stationary uniform and spinning Clement classes, the constant electromagnetic invariant branches with the particular Kamata–Koikawa solution, the hybrid cyclic symmetric stationary black hole fields, and the non-less important solutions generated via SL ( 2 , R ) -transformations where the Clement spinning charged solution, the Martinez–Teitelboim–Zanelli black hole solution, and Dias–Lemos metric merit mention.
Polar Topside TEC Enhancement Revealed by Jason-2 Measurements

Significant polar topside total electron content (topTEC) enhancement (PTTE) above 1,336 km altitude is reported for the first time. The results are based on GPS measurements during 2008-2019 from NASA's Jason-2 satellite with zenith-oriented antennas. The observations show increasing topTEC toward the southern polar cap at geomagnetic latitudes poleward of 65°S, where TEC values are normally very low. A case study for the 2013 St. Patrick's Day storm indicates that the enhancement can exceed 5.5 TEC units above the dayside ambient state, corresponding to 78% increase. Comparisons with COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 topTEC measurements above 800 km altitude confirm that PTTE events are observed from both Jason-2 and COSMIC on the same day. Our statistical analysis of the Jason-2 data in the southern polar region reveals that PTTE mostly occurs on the dayside, with a seasonal preference of southern summer, and preferentially during geomagnetically disturbed days but can also occur during quiet days. PTTE during storm days shows increased occurrence, magnitude, and deviation from the mean in the cusp region compared with quiet days. Our case analysis indicates that PTTE is observed simultaneously with the effect of tongue of ionization. This suggests that the during storms, dayside F region plasma moving poleward following the antisunward plasma convection may also be part of the PTTE source, and the plasma upflow driven by the polar wind may act to cause PTTE.
The Second Victim in Medical Malpractice Litigation: The Stress of Litigation

The second victims of a medical error are the health care professionals who were involved in the commission of the error. The second victim phenomenon is a complex psychological harm driven by guilt, shame, fear, anxiety, and isolation. The impact of a medical error on second victims can contribute to clinician burnout and reduced job satisfaction. Clinicians can experience symptoms similar to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Successful coping mechanisms depend on acceptance of responsibility for the medical error and seeking support. The emotional stress of a medical error may be significantly worse in the setting of a medical malpractice lawsuit. Clinicians may develop a medical malpractice stress syndrome, with symptoms similar to PTSD. As there is a growing emphasis on disclosure and apology after medical errors, a parallel movement is looking at what care should be rendered to wounded healers. Healthcare institutions should strive to build robust second victim support systems, as this is consistent with a fair and just culture, and the desire to continuously improve.
Development of a rapid colorimetric strip method for determination of volatile bases in mahi-mahi and tuna.

Tuna (Thunnus albacares) and mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) are two major fish species responsible for scombroid poisoning in the United States. The purpose of this research was to develop a low-cost and easily operated colorimetric strip method for the rapid determination of spoilage degree via amine response in mahi-mahi and tuna. The color strip method was developed by investigating different types of dyes, filter papers, sample volume, water bath temperature, and other parameters. Ultimately rose bengal and bromophenol blue (BPB) dyes were chosen. These two dyes produced standard curves with good linearity (0-50 mg/L for the total biogenic amines) and uniformity of color change. The r2 values for the standard curves of the rose Bengal and BPB were 0.9535 and 0.8883, respectively. Significant positive Pearson correlations coefficients (r) between the volatile biogenic amine levels detected by these two colorimetric strip methods with increasing spoilage grade of mahi-mahi (rose bengal: r = 0.8907, p < 0.0001; BPB: r = 0.8711, p < 0.0001) and tuna (rose bengal: r = 0.8351, p < 0.0001; BPB: r = 0.7362, p = 0.0001) were observed. For mahi-mahi, the volatile amines detected by the colorimetric strips correlated positively with increasing levels of eight biogenic amines, free alanine, four aldehydes, isoamyl alcohol, two ketones, and dimethyl disulfide. For tuna, the results determined by colorimetric strips positively correlated with three biogenic amines, three free amino acids, four aldehydes, and ethanol. The two validated colorimetric strips could rapidly monitor the spoilage degree of mahi-mahi and tuna at low-cost. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Rose bengal strips and BPB strips were developed as a rapid, objective, analytical method that can serve as an alternative to sensory grading methods. These two nonspecific colorimetric strip methods provided good linear response and uniformity of color change. Volatile amine levels in fish determined by these colorimetric strip methods were statistically significant and positively correlated with the spoilage grade of fish.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders following mild traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified an association between traumatic brain injuries and the development of psychiatric disorders in general. However, these studies were subject to limitations that demonstrate the need for a study of a large, clearly defined mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) population within an integrated healthcare system. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and relative risk of postinjury affective disorders over 4 years following mTBI. DESIGN Cohort study of mTBI cases and matched controls, over a 4-year period. SETTING An integrated healthcare delivery system in California. PATIENTS A total of 9428 adult health plan members diagnosed with mTBI from 2000-2007 and enrolled in the year before injury, during which no TBI was ascertained. Control participants included 18,856 individuals selected based on the following criteria: Two unexposed health plan members per each mTBI-exposed patient were randomly selected and individually matched for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and medical comorbidities. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A diagnosis of affective disorder (depressive, anxiety, and adjustment disorders) in the 4 years after mTBI or the reference date, determined according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision. RESULTS Affective disorders were most prominent during the first 12 months with 23% following mTBI and 14% in the control group. Four-year aggregate adjusted odds ratios for having an affective disorder following mTBI were 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.2; p < .001) and 1.5 (95% CI: 1.5, 1.6; p < .001) for patients with and without prior affective disorders, respectively. CONCLUSION mTBI was associated with a significantly increased risk of having subsequent affective disorders. Screening for and addressing affective disorders at earlier stages following the injury is an important step to avoid persisting conditions that may pose a barrier to full recovery.
Fluorescence of some metal chelate compounds of 8-quinolinol—I: Effect of metallic ion and solvent on spectrum and quantum yield

Abstract Shifts of maximum absorbance to longer wavelengths with increasing atomic number of the central ion were found for oxinates of the metals of Group IIIA in neutral 95% ethanol and EPA, the shifts being similar to those already known in chloroform. Band shifts for divalent ions from the Mellor-Maley series did not follow the order of stability of the oxinates nor could they be correlated with the electronegativity or atomic number of the metal ion. However, differences between absorption and fluorescence peaks did show somewhat better regularity with respect to electronegativity. The trends for the divalent and trivalent ions were in opposite directions, indicating the influence of another variable. The maximum in the fluorescence spectrum shifted to longer wavelengths and the quantum yield of fluorescence decreased as the atomic number of the metal ion increased. At liquid nitrogen temperatures some chelates had new emission bands appear at shorter wavelengths than the normal emission band, thereby indicating origin from an upper excited state.
Generation, Validation and Analysis of SPEC CPU2006 Simulation Points Based on Branch, Memory and TLB Characteristics

The SPEC CPU2006 suite, released in Aug 2006 is the current industry-standard, CPU-intensive benchmark suite, created from a collection of popular modern workloads. But, these workloads take machine weeks to months of time when fed to cycle accurate simulators and have widely varying behavior even over large scales of time [1]. It is to be noted that we do not see simulation based papers using SPEC CPU2006 even after 1.5 years of its release. A well known technique to solve this problem is the use of simulation points [2]. We have generated the simulation points for SPEC CPU2006 and made it available at [3]. We also report the accuracies of these simulation points based on the CPI, branch misspredictions, cache & TLB miss ratios by comparing with the full runs for a subset of the benchmarks. It is to be noted that the simulation points were only used for cache, branch and CPI studies until now and this is the first attempt towards validating them for TLB studies. They have also been found to be equally representative in depicting the TLB characteristics. Using the generated simulation points, we provide an analysis of the behavior of the workloads in the suite for different branch predictor & cache configurations and report the optimally performing configurations. The simulations for the different TLB configurations revealed that usage of large page sizes significantly reduce the translation misses and aid in improving the overall CPI of the modern workloads.
Using visualization tools to develop geometric reasoning skills in a computer graphics course

At a small college an upper-level elective having even one math prerequisite that isn't part of the required CS curriculum can often prevent the course from running due to low enrollments. Here we describe an upper-level computer graphics course for students having only the CS math background typically required at a small college, which does not include linear algebra or a third course in calculus. The goals, emphasis, and pedagogy of the course address the students' math deficiencies, while at the same time still build a firm, technical foundation in computer graphics. In this paper, our focus is on pedagogical changes we have made to strengthen students' geometric reasoning skills. We present a set of discovery workshops in which students use software tools to experiment with fundamental geometric operations and visually see the results. A series of interactive activities challenge students to use the tools to do such things as find visual counter examples and visually design solutions to solve new problems.
Treatment of glioblastoma multiforme using a combination of small interfering RNA targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and β-catenin.

Background EGFR and β-catenin are two key mediators of cell signal transduction implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of tumors. There is emerging evidence indicating that they are overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and both play significant roles in GBM carcinogenesis. Moreover, down-regulating EGFR individually only provide limited therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, we sought to determine the feasibility and efficacy of gene therapy of GBM using combinatorial inhibition of EGFR and β-catenin in view of the crosstalk between these two signaling pathways.
Three-component reaction discovery enabled by mass spectrometry of self-assembled monolayers

A general reaction-discovery platform has been used for identification of a new multicomponent transformation. The approach entails rapid analysis of interfacial chemical reactions on arrays of self-assembled monolayers using mass spectrometry. This enabled identification of a simple organic phosphine that catalyses a previously unknown condensation of siloxy alkynes, aldehydes and amines.
Validation of Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) spectral radiances with the Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) aircraft instrument

The ability to accurately validate high spectral resolution infrared radiance measurements from space using comparisons with aircraft spectrometer observations has been successfully demonstrated. The demonstration is based on an under-flight of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua spacecraft by the Scanning High resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) on the NASA ER-2 high altitude aircraft on 21 November 2002 and resulted in brightness temperature differences approaching 0.1K for most of the spectrum. This paper presents the details of this AIRS/S-HIS validation case and also presents comparisons of Aqua AIRS and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) radiance observations. Aircraft comparisons of this type provide a mechanism for periodically testing the absolute calibration of spacecraft instruments with instrumentation for which the calibration can be carefully maintained on the ground. This capability is especially valuable for assuring the long-term consistency and accuracy of climate observations. It is expected that aircraft flights of the S-HIS and its close cousin the National Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Atmospheric Sounder Testbed (NAST) will be used to check the long-term stability of the NASA EOS spacecrafts (Terra, Aqua and Aura) and the follow-on complement of operational instruments, including the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS).
Why Inside Money Matters

This note observes that in a simple infinite horizon economy with heterogeneous endowments and a cash-in-advance constraint fiat money can be used to implement a Pareto optimum only with type-specific taxation. By contrast, if credit contracts are enforceable, the same allocation can be reached in equilibrium without type specific policy. We argue that the advantages of inside money and the fact that they depend on the capacity of the economy to enforce the repayment of debt direct us toward the study of the institutional infrastructure underlying self-enforcing inside money equilibria.
CCR1 as a target for multiple myeloma

Introduction: By directing cell trafficking, differentiation and growth, chemokines modulate the immune response and are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). MM, the second most common hematological malignancy in the US, is characterized by disordered plasma cell growth within the bone marrow microenvironment. CCL3 and its receptors, CCR1 in particular, play a central role in the pathogenesis of MM and MM-induced osteolytic bone disease. Areas covered: This review describes the functional role of CCR1 in MM and the preclinical results observed with CCR1 antagonists. CCL3 and CCR1 stimulate tumor growth, both directly and indirectly, via upregulation of cell adhesion and cytokine secretion. In addition, they modulate the osteoclast/osteoblast balance, by inducing osteoclast differentiation and inhibiting osteoblast function. Targeting either ligand or receptor reverses these effects, leading to in vivo tumor burden control and prevention of osteo...
The chemistry of some metalloborane derivatives having iron—boron single bonds

Abstract Reaction of [(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Fe(CO) 2 (cyclohexene)]PF 6 with B 10 H 13 − and 7,8-B 9 C 2 H 12 − forms 6-[(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Fe(CO) 2 ]B 10 H 13 and (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Fe(CO) 2 (7,8-B 9 C 2 H 12 ) respectively which have iron—boron single bonds. The reactions of these compounds with bromine and with Lewis bases such as trialkylamines, CH 3 CN and Ph 3 P are described.
Dance for Health: Implementation of a Dance Program to Improve Physical Activity of Children

Improve Physical Activity of Children Carrie E. Preston1, Sarah Aldridge1, Gillian Bazelon3, Rochelle Butler2, Kahlil Craig2 , Tara Egnor1, Caroline Fitzgerald1, ! Tara Hilton1, Lara Madonia1, Kelly Murphy1, Jenna Murray1, Kali Rhodes1, Jennifer Rzeszut1, B'seerah Watson2, Terri H. Lipman1! "1University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing; 2Sayre High School; 3Bernett Johnson Sayre Health Center, Philadelphia, PA
Emergence of a learning community: a transforming experience at the boundaries

I narrate a process of transformation, a professional and personal journey framed by an experience that captured my attention shaping my interpretation and reflections. From a critical complexity framework I discuss the emergence of a learning community from the cooperation among individuals of diverse social and cultural worlds sharing the need to change a traditional professional development program structure and develop a new science education Masters Degree/Certification program. I zoom into the continual redefinition of the community, its evolution and complex interrelations among its participants and the emergence of a learning community as a boundary space having an emancipatory role and allowing growth and learning. I analyze the dialectical relationship between agents’ behavior either impeding growth or having an emancipatory function of a mindful RelationalAct in a complex adaptive system framework.
Effects of easily ionizable elements on the liquid sampling–atmospheric pressure glow discharge ☆

Abstract A series of studies has been undertaken to determine the susceptibility of the liquid sampling–atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS–APGD) atomic emission source to easily ionizable element (EIE) effects. The initial portions of the study involved monitoring the voltage drop across the plasma as a function of the pH to ascertain whether or not the conductivity of the liquid eluent alters the plasma energetics and subsequently the analyte signal strength. It was found that altering the pH (0.0 to 2.0) in the sample matrix did not significantly change the discharge voltage. The emission signal intensities for Cu(I) 327.4 nm, Mo(I) 344.7 nm, Sc(I) 326.9 nm and Hg(I) 253.6 nm were measured as a function of the easily ionizable element (sodium and calcium) concentration in the injection matrix. A range of 0.0 to 0.1% (w/v) EIE in the sample matrix did not cause a significant change in the Cu, Sc, and Mo signal-to-background ratios, with only a slight change noted for Hg. In addition to this test of analyte response, the plasma energetics as a function of EIE concentration are assessed using the ratio of Mg(II) to Mg(I) (280.2 nm and 285.2 nm, respectively) intensities. The Mg(II)/Mg(I) ratio showed that the plasma energetics did not change significantly over the same range of EIE addition. These results are best explained by the electrolytic nature of the eluent acting as an ionic (and perhaps spectrochemical) buffer.
Computer vision as a coupled system

The important shortcomings of existing computer vision systems are addressed in this paper. A coupled systems approach towards designing computer vision systems is proposed as a means of overcoming these shortcomings. An object-oriented framework is shown to be a natural way of implementing coupled systems. Two important issues in the design of object-oriented systems are considered : (i) indexing in an object-oriented hierarchy and (ii) parallel implementation of constraint propagation techniques. The problem of three-dimensional object recognition from range images in multiple-object scenes with partial occlusion is chosen as a candidate problem. Experimental results are cited and future directions are proposed.
Accumulation and melt dynamics of snowpack from a multiresolution regional climate model in the central Sierra Nevada, California

[1] The depth and timing of snowpack in the Sierra Nevada Mountains are of fundamental importance to California water resource availability, and recent studies indicate a shift toward earlier snowmelt consistent with projected impacts of anthropogenic climate change. In order for future studies to assess snowpack variability on seasonal to centennial time scales, physically based models of snowpack evolution at high spatial resolution must be improved. Here we evaluate modeled snowpack accuracy for the central Sierra Nevada in the Weather Research and Forecasting regional climate model coupled to the Noah land surface model. A simulation with nested domains at 27, 9, and 3 km grid spacings is presented for November 2001 to July 2002. Model outputs are compared with daily snowpack observations at 41 locations, air temperature at 31 locations, and precipitation at 10 locations. Comparison of snowpack at different resolutions suggests that 27 km simulations substantially underestimate snowpack, while 9 and 3 km simulations are closer to observations. Regional snowpack accumulation is accurately simulated at these high resolutions, but model snowmelt occurs an average of 22–25 days early. Some error can be traced to differences in elevation and observation scale between point-based measurements and model grid cells, but these factors cannot explain the persistent bias toward early snowmelt. A high correlation between snowmelt and error in modeled surface air temperature is found, with melt coinciding systematically with excessively cold air temperatures. One possible source of bias is an imbalance in turbulent heat fluxes, erroneously warming the snowpack while cooling the surface atmosphere.
Functional and Histological Evaluation following Canine Vocal Fold Reconstruction Using Composite Thyroid Ala Perichondrium Flaps.

Objectives/HypothesesWe evaluated the effects of vocal fold reconstruction using a composite thyroid ala perichondrium flap (CTAP) after unilateral vocal fold stripping in beagles. We hypothesized that CTAP would improve glottic closure, decrease phonation threshold pressure, and decrease perturbation. In addition, vocal folds with CTAP would exhibit neovascularization and fat with increased von Willebrand factor (vWF) and smooth muscle actin (SMA), reflecting neoangiogenesis and flap viability.Study DesignRandomized controlled trial using beagles.SettingUniversity laboratory.MethodsTen beagles underwent unilateral vocal fold stripping. Dogs in the scar-only group (n = 5) were sacrificed at 1 month. Dogs in the CTAP group (n = 5) underwent ipsilateral reconstruction with CTAP at 1 month and were sacrificed at 2 months. Excised larynx experiments evaluated vocal fold vibration using aerodynamic, acoustic, and mucosal wave measurements. Qualitative evaluation of vocal fold morphology and quantitative analys...
Changes in Global and Regional Mechanics Due to Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from a Coupled Finite-Element and Circulation Model

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rhythm disorder with rapidly increasing prevalence due to the aging of the population. AF triggers structural remodeling and a gradual loss of function; however, the relative contributions of specific features of AF-induced remodeling to changes in atrial mechanical function are unclear. We constructed and validated a finite-element model (FEM) of the normal human left atrium using anatomic information from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, material properties and fiber orientations from published studies, and an iterative algorithm to estimate unloaded geometry. We coupled the FEM to a circuit model to capture hemodynamic interactions between the atrium, pulmonary circulation, and left ventricle. The normal model reproduced measured volumes within 1 SD, as well as most metrics of regional mechanics. Using this validated human model as a starting point, we explored the impact of individual features of atrial remodeling on atrial mechanics and found that a combination of dilation, increased pressure, and fibrosis can explain most of the observed changes in mechanics in patients with paroxysmal AF. However, only impaired ventricular relaxation could reproduce the increased reliance on active emptying we observed in these patients. The resulting model provides new insight into the mechanics of AF and a platform for exploring future therapies.
Myasthenia gravis induced in mice by immunization with the recombinant extracellular domain of rat muscle-specific kinase (MuSK).

Abstract Myasthenia gravis (MG) is mostly caused by anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) auto-antibodies (Abs). Such Abs are undetectable in 10–15% of MG patients, but many have anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) Abs. We injected recombinant rat-MuSK extracellular domain in H-2a, H-2b, H-2bm12 and H-2d mice. Certain strains exhibited exercise-induced fatigue, tremors, weight loss, and some died after 2–3 injections. Compound muscle action potentials showed decrement with low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation. Miniature endplate potentials decreased, suggesting lower numbers of endplates functional AChRs. Myasthenic sera inhibited agrin-induced AChR aggregation in C2C12 myotubes. Conclusion: Anti-MuSK Abs induce MG, which might also result from blocking the agrin-signaling pathway.
Differential Asparagine-Linked Glycosylation of Voltage-Gated K+ Channels in Mammalian Brain and in Transfected Cells

Glycosylation of ion channel proteins dramatically impacts channel function. Here we characterize the asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation of voltage-gated K+ channel α subunits in rat brain and transfected cells. We find that in brain Kv1.1, Kv1.2 and Kv1.4, which have a single consensus glycosylation site in the first extracellular interhelical domain, are N-glycosylated with sialic acid-rich oligosaccharide chains. Kv2.1, which has a consensus site in the second extracellular interhelical domain, is not N-glycosylated. This pattern of glycosylation is consistent between brain and transfected cells, providing compelling support for recent models relating oligosaccharide addition to the location of sites on polytopic membrane proteins. The extent of processing of N-linked chains on Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 but not Kv1.4 channels expressed in transfected cells differs from that seen for native brain channels, reflecting the different efficiencies of transport of K+ channel polypeptides from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. These data show that addition of sialic acid-rich N-linked oligosaccharide chains differs among highly related K+ channel α subunits, and given the established role of sialic acid in modulating channel function, provide evidence for differential glycosylation contributing to diversity of K+ channel function in mammalian brain.
Effects of Frequency of Feeding on Production Characteristics and Feed Utilization in Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract In studies with 21 lactating Guernsey cows, the effect of increased frequency of feeding on various production characteristics was reflected in trends of increasing pounds of milk production, pounds of 4% FCM, pounds and per cent of milk fat, pounds of solids-not-fat, and pounds of total solids daily per cow. Feeding interval had no effect on body weights. Increased frequency of feeding resulted in more total feed intake and a decreasing amplitude in the daily fecal chromium oxide excretion curve. When fed two, four, or seven times daily, the digestibility of dry matter was 51.59, 55.52, and 55.10%, respectively.
Privacy Please? A Comparison Between Self-Checkout and Book Checkout Desk Circulation Rates for LGBT and Other Books

ABSTRACT Improving library technologies allow patrons greater autonomy. One such technology, self-checkout kiosks, puts patrons in virtual control over their circulation experience. Whereas previously patrons had to approach circulation staff to check out, now this can be done privately. The impact self-checkout has on the circulation of potentially embarrassing or controversial materials is unknown. In this study, select lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) and non-LGBT materials at Central Michigan University's Park Library were anonymously tracked for one academic year to determine if they circulated via self-check or the traditional circulation desk. LGBT materials circulated twenty percent more via self-check, indicating that patrons appreciated the machines' privacy.
Sexual self-perception and adjustment of cardiac patients: a psychometric analysis

The psychological impact of a cardiac event includes anxiety and depression, poor sexual quality, and diminished sexual satisfaction. Few measures capture psychosexual recovery following a cardiac ...
The Impact of Employment and Serious Illness on Grandmothers Who Are Raising Their Grandchildren

ABSTRACT Increasing numbers of children are living in families consisting of grandparents and grandchildren. This paper presents findings of a study in which 123 caregiving grandmothers were interviewed. Fifty-eight percent of these grandmothers were “career caregivers,” whose homes were always filled with a child or grandchild. Most of them were in good to excellent physical health and their mental health was at least as good as that of a national sample. Regression analyses found that having a life-threatening physical condition, being younger and white explained psychological anxiety; and having a life-threatening physical condition and not being employed explained psychological mental health symptoms. These findings suggest that some grandmothers are at risk for mental health symptoms and raise questions about the implications of care-giving of grandchildren for women.
Female Androgenetic Alopecia: A Separate Entity

Background. It has always been assumed that female AGA represents the female counter part to male AGA. Objective. To present arguments illustrating that these are entirely different entities. Method. Four well-known facts about both entities that would indicate they are separate are cited. Family pedigree filled with female AGA and minimal male AGA is presented and a reference to a female with no curculating androgens and typical female AGA is cited. Results and conclusion. Based on evidence presented it is concluded these are two entirely different diseases.
Assessing recognition of sexist language: development and use of the gender-specific language scale

Teaching effective writing in the social sciences includes teaching recognition of sexist language. The development and teaching uses of the Gender-Specific Language Scale (GSLS), an instrument designed to assess recognition of sexist language, are described. Three experiments with predominantly European-American male and female students provide support for the reliability and validity of the GSLS, and suggest that it measures a different construct than an essay questionnaire used in previous studies of sexist language. Implications for teaching are discussed.
LOCAL ACTIVITY IS THE ORIGIN OF COMPLEXITY

Many scientists have struggled to uncover the elusive origin of "complexity", and its many equivalent jargons, such as emergence, self-organization, synergetics, collective behaviors, nonequilibrium phenomena, etc. They have provided some qualitative, but not quantitative, characterizations of numerous fascinating examples from many disciplines. For example, Schrodinger had identified "the exchange of energy" from open systems as a necessary condition for complexity. Prigogine has argued for the need to introduce a new principle of nature which he dubbed "the instability of the homogeneous". Turing had proposed "symmetry breaking" as an origin of morphogenesis. Smale had asked what "axiomatic" properties must a reaction–diffusion system possess to make the Turing interacting system oscillate. The purpose of this paper is to show that all the jargons and issues cited above are mere manifestations of a new fundamental principle called local activity, which is mathematically precise and testable. The local activity theorem provides the quantitative characterization of Prigogine's "instability of the homogeneous" and Smale's quest for an axiomatic principle on Turing instability. Among other things, a mathematical proof is given which shows none of the complexity-related jargons cited above is possible without local activity. Explicit mathematical criteria are given to identify a relatively small subset of the locally-active parameter region, called the edge of chaos, where most complex phenomena emerge.
Entropy Minimization, Hilbert′s Projective Metric, and Scaling Integral Kernels

Suppose that (S, μ) and (T, ν) are given measure spaces with μ(S) < ∞ and ν(T) < ∞. If k ∈ L∞(S × T) is a nonnegative function and α ∈ L1(S) and β ∈ L1(T) are positive almost everywhere, the so-called DAD problem (k, α, β) asks whether there exist ƒ ∈ L1(S) and g ∈ L1(T), f and g positive almost everywhere, with ∫T ƒ(s) k(s, t) g(t) ν(dt) = α(s), μ almost everywhere, and∫S ƒ(s) k(s, t) g(t) μ(ds) = β(t), v almost everywhere. Such a pair (ƒ, g), if it exists, is called a solution of the DAD problem (k, α, β). We present here essentially sharp conditions under which the DAD problem (k, α, β) has a solution. We also give results concerning the uniqueness (to within positive scalar multiples) of solutions (ƒ, g), iterative schemes for approximating solutions, and continuous dependence of solutions on (kα, kβ). Methods of proof involve a mixture of variational methods (entropy minimization) and fixed point theory; Hilbert′s projective metric also plays a useful role. As corollaries of our results we obtain generalizations of a variety of earlier DAD theorems. We are also able to discuss limiting behaviour of sequences of matrix DAD problems, where the dimensions of the matrices approach infinity.
Cerebrospinal fluid gamma globulin concentration in myxedema.

ABSTRACT The concentrations of gamma globulin and total protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal and myxedematous subjects were determined by a modification of the tyrosine equivalence method. In 10 of 14 patients with myxedema, there was an elevation of the gamma globulin/total protein ratio not attributable to serum hypergammaglobulinemia. In 4 of these cases, an elevated concentration of spinal fluid gamma globulin was present despite a normal level of total cerebrospinal fluid protein. These data cast doubt on the hypothesis that permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to serum proteins accounts for the elevation of spinal fluid protein in myxedema. THE frequent elevation of the cerebrospinal fluid protein level in patients with myxedema was documented by Thompson and his coworkers in 1928 (1, 2). Recently this phenomenon was restudied by Bronsky et al. (3), who confirmed the original findings and presented additional data on the electrophoretic partition of cerebrospinal fluid prote...
Active management of labor: a cost analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Many obstetricians are concerned about the increase in the rate of cesarean sections in the United States. In 1970, the overall incidence of cesarean section was 5%.1 By 1983, the rate had increased to 21%; it peaked at 24.7% in 19882,3 and remains greater than 20% of all deliveries.4 Lowering the rate of cesarean delivery decreases maternal risk for associated morbidity and should, therefore, significantly decrease the costs of delivery. The active management of labor, first introduced by O'Driscoll et al in the 1960s at the National Maternity Hospital in Dublin, Ireland,5 is a group of interventions initially devised to ensure short labors in nulliparous women. In addition, active management of labor was noted to be associated with a lower cesarean section rate,6,7 which was thought to be due to a decrease in the number of cesarean deliveries performed for dystocia. Three randomized studies have been done to evaluate the efficacy of active management of labor.8,9,10 These studies have demonstrated significant decreases in the duration of labor and the incidence of infectious morbidity, as well as a trend toward lower cesarean section rates. Rogers et al10 reported their experience with a protocol of active management of labor at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque. A randomized trial, carried out between August 1992 and April 1996, compared two protocols, one using an active management of labor and the other a standard management of labor. No significant differences between the patient populations, neonatal outcomes, the incidence of uterine hyperstimulation, the use of epidural analgesia, infectious morbidity, or cesarean delivery rates were observed. A significant reduction in the duration of labor and a trend toward fewer cesarean deliveries were observed in the group whose labor was actively managed. In the present study, we undertook to evaluate the differences in cost of the two protocols. We hypothesized that the reduction in the duration of labor for women whose labor was actively managed would translate to significant cost savings. This is a cost-minimization analysis of a prospective trial of a protocol of active management of labor.
A telepedometer for the remote measurement of human locomotor activity.

A short-range, inexpensive, transmitter-transducer has been designed for installation inside the heel of a shoe. It provides a means of monitoring foot contact with the ground and can be used to obtain information about “natural” patterns of daily physical activity. Its unobtrusiveness serves to reduce or, as in studies of children, to eliminate artifacts due to the subject's awareness that he is under study. Tests indicate that the device is quite durable, stable and reliable. It may be installed and remain in the heel of a shoe, unknown to the wearer, for a matter of days.
A compliant-hull concept for planning craft wave-impact shock reduction

The subject of this paper is analysis of high-speed planing-craft wave impact, with the inclusion of hull-surface compliance. The analysis methods were extended in an effort to develop compliant-surface technology for wave-impact shock reduction. The practical outcome of this work, along with experimental cylinder drop-test evaluations, have been reported previously. The overall technology developed is composed of compliant plates over a sub-length of the boat hull. The plates are hinged at the boat keel and supported by vented air bags at the chines. Thus, the required analysis has coupled hydrodynamic, gas-dynamic, and structural-dynamic parts. Only the hydrodynamic part of the complete model is covered here. On the basis of the cylindrical geometry of the drop-test cylinder, two-dimensional theory has been used exclusively. The time history of the distribution of plating deflection predicted from the full analysis is imposed in the free-falling cylinder analysis to demonstrate execution of the hydrodynamic part of the complete coupled theory. The reductions in impact acceleration reported here are therefore the same as determined from the complete analysis.
Regioselective synthesis of η3-(N-methoxycarbonyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]he ta-2,5-dienyl)-η5-(C5Me5)RuCl complexes

Abstract The reactions of Cp∗ Ru(COD)Cl and CpRu(COD)Cl with N-methoxycarbonyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene derivatives were found to give η3-[N(CO2Me)C6H3(2-p-MeC6H4SO2)(6-CO2Me)(5-Me)]CpRuCl and η 3 -[N( CO 2 Me )-7- azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptadienyl]Cp ∗ RuCl complexes in good yields (54–78%). The coordination reaction was found to take place regioselectively at the least substituted π-bond of the N-methoxycarbonyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene derivatives. The structures of the complexes were determined by 1H and 13C NMR and the structure of η 3 -[N( CO 2 Me)C 6 H 3 (2-p- MeC 6 H 4 SO 2 )(6- CO 2 Me )(5- Me)]Cp ∗ RuCl was unequivocally established by X-ray crystallography.
A Single 24-Hour Urine Collection Is Inadequate For The Medical Evaluation Of Nephrolithiasis

Purpose: We determined the adequacy of a single 24-hour urine sample for evaluating patients for medical renal stone prevention.Materials and Methods : A total of 459 patients from a private urology practice specializing in the treatment of urolithiasis and 683 from a university stone research clinic provided 2 and 3, 24-hour urine samples, respectively. We used samples 1 and 2 from private practice patients, and 1 and 3 from university clinic patients for analysis, and compared each to the others by correlation coefficients and calculation of the mean difference plus or minus standard deviation (SD) of the difference. Urine risk factors were measured by standard methods.Results: Although the correlation of urine values 1 and 2 was excellent for all stone risk factors, SD values for the differences were large enough that within 1 SD on either side of 0, which included 68.8% of cases, by chance urine 1 would depart from urine 2 by clinically important amounts. These departures would be more than sufficient...
Magnetic properties characterization of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles

This paper uses complex magnetic susceptibility measurements to investigate the effects of different coatings on the susceptibility of iron oxide nanoparticles. The two coatings used in these measurements are aminosilane and carboxymethyl-dextran. Susceptibility measurements are carried out over a range of frequencies from 10 KHz to 1 MHz using a differential impedance method. The differential impedance measurement setup is validated by measuring the susceptibility of ferrofluids and comparing the results to values previously published in literature. The theoretical relaxation times based on Brownian and Neel mechanisms are used to predict the resonance frequency of imaginary part of complex susceptibility for iron oxide nanoparticles.
Technology and Student Affairs: Redux

The author addresses two critical questions related to technology: How has students' use of technology influenced student affairs work? How do we best align our business practices with advances in information technology?
Stability of Heparin Anticoagulant Activity Over TIme in Parenteral Nutrition Solutions

Background : Heparin added to parenteral nutrition solutions may decrease the incidence of central venous thrombosis in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. However, there are little data regarding the stability of heparin over time under conditions similar to those associated with home parenteral nutrition : low concentrations of heparin stored in solutions containing amino acids and high concentrations of dextrose for more than 24 hours. Methods : The activity of porcine mucosal heparin was measured over time using an antifactor Xa assay in six IV solutions : four parenteral nutrition solutions containing 25% dextrose ; 5% amino acids ; trace elements ; electrolytes; and 3000, 5000, 10,000, or 20,000 units/L of heparin ; one solution of 25% dextrose and 5000 units/L heparin ; and one solution of 0.9% saline and 5000 units/L heparin. Results : In all solutions except 25% dextrose (without amino acids and additives), heparin activity remained stable within 4% of baseline up to 28 days. In the 25% dextrose solution, heparin activity declined by 3%, 6%, and 11% at 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively. Conclusion : Heparin activity was stable over time in the normal saline and parenteral nutrition solutions and decreased slightly from 2 to 4 weeks in the dextrose-containing solution. Based on these data, when is administered home parenteral nutrition containing components similar to the solutions used in this study, heparin may be added at the time of preparation of the home parenteral nutrition solution rather than just before administration, with no resultant loss of heparin activity over time.
Body Image and Defensiveness in an LSD-Taking Subculture

Summary This study explores body image and defensiveness in 43 Haight-Ashbury LSD users and 39 matched non-users via the Holtzman Inkblot Technique. It was hypothesized that the body image of LSD users is less clearly defined than that of non-LSD users. Therefore, the LSD users were expected to give a greater number of Penetration responses and fewer Barrier responses than the non-users. It was further hypothesized that the LSD users would be more defensive as a result of having become less aware of their body boundaries. Although no significant differences were found, trends opposite to the hypotheses were observed. Caution should be exercised in generalizing from these data to all LSD users.
Prevalence of untreated syphilis in veterans : a case for routine screening

Abstract Despite a marked increase in the prevalence of syphilis over the last several years, routine syphilis screening in unselected populations is not generally recommended. To assess the value of syphilis screening, we studied both retrospectively and prospectively the prevalence of untreated or inadequately treated syphilis in patients attending a Veterans Administration hospital during 1987 and 1988. Of the 3,800 general hospital patients who underwent RPR testing, 36 (0·9%) were identified. Routine syphilis screenign detected 13 of these 36 cases. A prospective study of RPR screening in drug rehabilitation, alcohol rehabilitation, and psychiatry patients identified infection in 2·9%, 1·1% and 0% of patients, respectively. A third study utilizing both FTA and RPR screening in patients undergoing examination for assessment of service-connected disability detected infection in 5 of 304 (1·6%) patients, four of whom had positive FTA serology but negative RPR tests. We conclude that undetected and advanced syphilis, including neurosyphilis, is prevalent in veterans, and recommend pilot studies of screening in these and other non-veteran populations to determine the need for reinstitution of routine syphilis testing.