cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable OTA chamber for MIMO wireless device testing

Over-the-air (OTA) testing of wireless devices is accomplished typically either in an expensive multi-antenna OTA chamber that offers high multipath control or a low-cost mode-stirred reverberation chamber that offers limited multipath control. We propose a reconfigurable OTA chamber that offers a high level of multipath control at a low cost. We use finite-difference time-domain simulations and measurements to evaluate the achievable fading distribution and power angular spectrum at the device under test.
The Marketing Roles of the Government and the Firm in the Development of a High-Technology Industry In Taiwan

The stagnant global economy during the 1970s made it difficult for Taiwanese firms to experience growth. Following a similar approach used by Japan, in 1979, the Taiwan government selected the information industry as a “strategic” industry to undertake a structural change in its economy. By 1991, the total output of the information industry reached $6.9 billion. This achievement would not have happened without extensive marketing efforts from the government and the private sector.
Case Study 1 — The ‘Hessians’ in the American War

For this, the first of two chapter-long case studies, we will examine the most widely discussed of the German auxiliaries in British service in the eighteenth century: the ‘Hessians’ in the War of American Independence. Throughout this book, we have been examining the role of preconceived ideas and stereotypes, and their effects on the perceptions of the soldiers themselves. Here we turn to a group that has some of the most enduring stereotypes of all, as the ‘Hessian mercenary’ is one of the more memorable actors in the American creation myth. However, this chapter is not designed to either narrate their services in America or to combat the many legends regarding the Hessians’, as these have been done successfully many times before. The military history of these auxiliaries is well covered by German, British and American scholars from the nineteenth century onwards, and the bibliography regarding their service has grown considerably since the last quarter of the twentieth century, especially during the Revolutionary Wars’ bicentennial.1 Yet with a few notable exceptions, particularly Rodney Atwood’s chapter on ‘Anglo-Hessian Relations’ and in the writings of Silvia Frey and Stephen Conway, an examination of the interactions and relations between British and German soldiers in the American War has received far less attention than most other aspects of their service.2
Sentential Subjects and Proper Government in Chamorro

The problems of representation posed by VSO languages arise in some form in every current syntactic theory. How is clause structure represented in these languages, what is its relationship to surface word order, and how does it differ (if at all) from the clause structure of languages such as English? One way of approaching these questions within Government-Binding Theory is to rephrase them as questions about the government properties of the subject. If the subject position in VSO languages could be shown to be properly governed, then there would be some reason for supposing that the clause has an S-structure different from that assumed for English: either a flat S-structure, as in (1a), or else an S-structure in which Infi supported by V (1b), or perhaps Infi alone (1c), properly governs the subject. (For discussion of the specifics of the structures shown below, see the works cited.)
Search for Inhibitors of Ras-Driven Cancers

Cancer is a leading cause of death in the developed world, resulting in 500,000 deaths per year in the United States alone. Ras genes are mutated in approximately one-third of cancers that result in constitutive activation of Ras signaling, which is a critically important oncogenic protein that drives malignant transformation. Current molecular targeted therapeutics, and several in development, inhibit various proteins in the canonical mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin Ras effector pathways. In addition, compounds that directly inhibit Ras catalytic activity, activation by Son of Sevenless (SOS), inactivation by P120-Ras GTPase activating protein, and interaction with effector Raf are in the early stages of development. Furthermore, the process of Ras protein maturation and localization to the plasma membrane is an active area of drug discovery, despite setbacks from previous failed attempts to suppress Ras by inhibiting farnesyl transferase. Additional Ras selective inhibitors and targets have been identified through phenotypic approaches used for drug discovery, including mitotic and oxidative stress, apoptosis-related proteins, Ras-specific metabolic dependencies, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and other signal transduction pathways. The search for Ras-selective drugs continues along many fronts.
Adenocarcinoma of the larynx.

From 1949 to 1974, 27 patients with adenocarcinoma of the larynx were treated at the Mayo Clinic. Histologically, the cancers were classified as indeterminate adenocarcinoma (12 tumors), cylindroma...
Coherence for the Tensor Product of 2-Categories, and Braid Groups

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses coherence for the tensor product of 2-categories and for braid groups. A tensor product is defined between 2-categories that is part of a (nonsymmetric) monoidal closed category structure on the category of (small) 2-categories and 2-functors. The chapter presents a proof of this coherence, ab initio , by means of a representation of a certain category in the positive semigroup of an appropriate braid group. An n -dimensional cube, n ≥ 3, all of whose 3-dimensional faces commute, is commutative. If a permutation B can be obtained from A by interchanges moving a smaller number to the right of a larger one, then all sequences of interchanges accomplishing this have the same length.
Feasibility and Impact of High-Intensity Walking Training in Frail Older Adults.

To investigate the impact of high-intensity walking training (HIWT) on prefrail and frail older adults, five assisted living residents underwent a supervised 12-session intervention. The intervention consisted of 30 min of HIWT at 70–80% of heart rate reserve or ratings of 15 to 17 (hard to very hard) on the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale. Training included walking at fast speeds, multi-directions, stairs, and outdoor surfaces with and without an assistive device. Training significantly reduced frailty using the SHARE-FI (p = .008), increased fast gait speed (p = .01), improved 6-min walk test distance (p = .03), and enhanced Berg Balance Scale scores (p = .03). There were no adverse events and all participants reached target training intensity in all 12 sessions. Participants viewed the walking intervention as highly satisfactory (9.6/10 on a Likert scale) and 100% recommended that the assisted living facility should offer HIWT as part of routine programming.
Does Religiosity Account for Lower Rates of Advance Care Planning by Older African Americans

Objectives Advance care planning (ACP) is associated with higher quality care at the end of life and increased odds of receiving hospice care and of dying at home. Older African Americans are less likely to complete advance directives (ADs) or discuss life-sustaining treatment preferences. This study examined whether religiosity accounts for race disparities. Method Analyses were conducted with Health and Retirement Study data (1,180 African Americans, 5,681 Whites). Two forms of ACP were regressed on race, five measures of religiosity, and demographic, health, and health care covariates. Results Whites were twice as likely to engage in ACP. Including religiosity predictors did not close these gaps. Frequency of service attendance was positively associated with AD completion for both White and African American participants. Relationships between religious affiliation and advance care discussion varied by race. For White participants only, more frequent prayer was associated with higher odds of advance care discussion. Discussion Although religiosity is often proposed as a reason for low rates of ACP among African Americans, religiosity measures did not explain race differences. Distinct aspects of religiosity were associated with ACP both negatively and positively, and these relationships varied by type of ACP and by race.
TwinKernels: an execution model to improve GPU hardware scheduling at compile time

As throughput-oriented accelerators, GPUs provide tremendous processing power by running a massive number of threads in parallel. However, exploiting high degrees of thread-level parallelism (TLP) does not always translate to the peak performance that GPUs can offer, leaving the GPU's resources often under-utilized. Compared to compute resources, memory resources can tolerate considerably lower levels of TLP due to hardware bottlenecks. Unfortunately, this tolerance is not effectively exploited by the Single Instruction Multiple Thread (SIMT) execution model employed by current GPU compute frameworks. Assuming an SIMT execution model, GPU applications tend to send bursts of memory requests that compete for GPU memory resources. Traditionally, hardware units, such as the wavefront scheduler, are used to manage such requests. However, the scheduler struggles when the number of computational operations are too low to effectively hide the long latency of memory operations. In this paper, we propose a Twin Kernel Multiple Thread (TKMT) execution model, a compiler-centric solution that improves hardware scheduling at compile time. TKMT better distributes the burst of memory requests in some of the wavefronts through static instruction scheduling. Our results show that TKMT can offer a 12% average improvement over the baseline SIMT implementation on a variety of benchmarks on AMD Radeon systems.
GPS spoofer localization for PMUs using multi-receiver direct time estimation

Our work highlights the improved robustness of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) against meaconing i.e., record and replay attack by incorporating new protective measures to our prior work on Direct Time Estimation (DTE). In this paper, we propose a novel GPS spoofer localization based Multi-Receiver Direct Time Estimation (MRDTE) algorithm by leveraging the geometrical diversity of multiple receivers. DTE performs non-coherent summation across the satellites to evaluate the likelihood of the clock candidates considered from a pre-generated search space. Firstly, we execute DTE based multiple peak vector correlation to detect the presence of spoofer. Thereafter, we compare the time-delayed similarity in the signal properties across the geographically distributed receivers to distinguish these spoofing signals. Lastly, we perform non-coherent summation across the satellites at individual receiver level and then incorporate a Joint Filter module. This module includes a Particle Filter to estimate the spoofer location and a Kalman Filter to collectively process the maximum likely clock parameters obtained from individual receivers to estimate the precise UTC time. We validate our algorithm under a complex case of meaconing attack generated by recording the GPS signals in the same place as our multi-receiver setup and later replaying them from a different location with higher power. Our experimental results demonstrate precise localization of the spoofer while simultaneously computing the GPS time to within the accuracy specified by the power community (IEEE C37.118).
Predicting medical nonadherence using natural language processing

Patient nonadherence is a multi-billion dollar problem in the United States healthcare system[1], accounting for over 93 million people and over 10% of American healthcare spending[2]. This study makes use of techniques in unsupervised natural language processing and human annotation to generate a set of predictive words that detect medical nonadherence. We defined nonadherence with more nuance than just patient medication practices by taking into account various psychosocial factors including adherence to dietary and therapeutic advice. Because of the multifaceted nature of the problem, our study analyzed the most multifaceted element of healthcare data: physician notes. We used natural language processing to extract meaningful keywords that predict nonadherence. We constructed three contextual categories of keywords that were statistically significant (p<0.05)predictors of nonadherence. Using our extracted key features, we made a nuanced contribution to the detection of nonadherence. These findings may be used to facilitate reduction of nonadherence in our healthcare system.
The CZEch Mental health Study (CZEMS): Study rationale, design, and methods

Objectives The CZEch Mental health Study (CZEMS) was launched to inform the ongoing mental health care reform. This paper describes rationale, methods, and the plan for the future analyses of this project. Methods A cross-sectional survey on a representative sample of the general adult noninstitutionalized population of the Czech Republic was conducted. Two-stage sampling was utilized and respondents were interviewed by centrally trained staff using a paper and pencil interviewing. The presence of mental disorders was assessed by The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The study also collected information about disability, self-identification of having a mental illness, medical history, and help-seeking behaviour. Results This survey had a 75% response rate, and the final sample consisted of 3,306 persons aged from 18 to 96 years (mean age 49 years old, 54% women) that were interviewed in their homes. The final sample is representative for the Czech Republic in terms of age, gender, education, and region. Conclusions CZEMS will provide up-to-date evidence about a prevalence of mental disorders in the Czech Republic, associated disability, and treatment gap. This will help informed decision-making about the current mental health care reform and future mental health care development in the Czech Republic.
Protestant Influence on Korean Education Development

This chapter is to highlight and discuss the influences of Protestantism to education in Korea between the late 1800s and the early 1900s. The first prominent contribution by Protestant missionaries was the establishment of modern schools where a wide range of academic subjects were introduced. These schools opened the doors of learning to the people previously rejected for education in Korean society. Second, the missionary teachers accepted women in school, which itself was an enormous change from the ways of traditional society. Last, it was also by the missionaries that Hangŭl, the Korean writing system, propagated as a main communication medium. Popularity of Hangŭl helped greatly to reduce illiteracy rate among Koreans.
RISP: a reconfigurable in-storage processing framework with energy-awareness

Existing in-storage processing (ISP) techniques mainly focus on maximizing data processing rate by always utilizing total storage data processing resources for all applications. We find that this "always running in full gear" strategy wastes energy for some applications with a low data processing complexity. In this paper we propose RISP (Reconfigurable ISP), an energy-aware reconfigurable ISP framework that employs FPGA as data processing cells and NVM controllers. It can reconfigure storage data processing resources to achieve a high energy-efficiency without any performance degradation for big data analysis applications. RISP is modeled and then validated on an FPGA board. Experimental results show that compared with traditional host-CPU based computing RISP (with 16 channels or more) improves performance by 1.6-25.4.X while saving energy by a factor of 2.2-161. Further, its reconfigurability can provide up to 77.2% additional energy saving by judiciously enabling data processing resources that are sufficient for an application.
Stark Effect and the Measurement of Electric Fields with Quantum Dot Molecules

Using the physically separated electron and hole of an interdot exciton in a quantum dot molecule we have studied local electric fields with extremely high resolution. By monitoring the interdot exciton energy we have measured an electric field generated through non-resonant excitation in a Schottky device. A maximum optically generated field of ∼3.25 kV/cm was observed which corresponds to 5.04% of the total applied field. The time decay of the field was found to be in the range of 110–140 μs while the onset of the field was shorter than our experimental resolution (7–8 μs).
Ventral Hernia Repair

There are a multitude of different surgical techniques and prosthetic materials used in ventral hernia repair. As a general surgeon, it can be difficult to select the appropriate operative plan for each patient. Although surgeon experience, preference, and training should factor into any operative plan, this chapter outlines an evidence-based approach to ventral herniorrhaphy. In this chapter, we will discuss patient pre-habilitation, patient risk factors/staging system, and outline surgical options for each ventral hernia stage.
Attractants for synanthropic flies

Fermented molasses or sucrose solutions are known to attract several species of filth-breeding flies. To identify the volatile attractants produced in fermenting sucrose solutions with yeast, these solutions were fractionated, and the chemical constituents identified and bioassayed against filth-breeding flies includingFannia canicularis (L.),Muscina stabulans (Fallen), andMusca domestica (L.). Distillation of a fermented sucrose solution gave an active distillate and an inactive residue. Gas Chromatographic analysis of the distillate showed the presence of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, ethanol, 1-pro-panol, 2-methyl-l-propanol, and 3-methyl-l-butanol. Ethanol constituted by far the greatest proportion of compounds present in the distillate. An aqueous solution of ethanol exhibited the same level of attractancy as the distillate, the fermented sucrose solution, and a reconstituted distillate containing all compounds identified. Ethanol was thus identified as the sole attractant emanated from fermented carbohydrate solutions that elicited positive responses in pest flies, especially inF. canicularis.
Who is Included in What Strategic Management Research: A Topic Analysis by Journals and Years

Fragmentation in academic fields has deleterious effects on both the production of knowledge and the careers of nascent members. While considerable journal space has alluded to increasing clusterin...
Pharmacist-Led Chronic Care Management Services

Chronic care management is a fee-based service that reimburses practices for enhanced services provided by clinical staff, such as care coordination and medication management for Medicare beneficiaries with 2 or more chronic diseases.1 Recent changes to chronic care management structure and
Treatment of non–type 1 retinopathy of prematurity in the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) study

Abstract Purpose To determine the prevalence and characteristics of eyes treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) not meeting currently recommended early treatment (type 1) criteria. Methods This was a secondary analysis of data from the Postnatal Growth and ROP (G-ROP) Study, a retrospective cohort study of 7,483 infants undergoing ROP examinations and treatment at 29 North American hospitals between January 2006 and June 2012. Medical records were reviewed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of eyes treated for ROP less severe than type 1 ROP. Results Of 1,004 eyes that received ROP treatment, 126 eyes of 91 infants (0.8% of all eyes; 12.5% of treated eyes) underwent treatment for ROP less severe than type 1. Mean age at treatment was 38 weeks’ post-menstrual age (range, 32-49 weeks). Reasons for treatment included type 1 ROP in the fellow eye (43%), stage 3 ROP with pre-plus in the treated eye (30%), concerning structural changes in the retina (7%), persistent stage 3 ROP for ≥6 weeks without regression (6%), stage 3 ROP with no plus disease in the treated eye (5%), stage 3, zone III ROP with plus disease (3%), logistical considerations (3%), or stage 2 disease in the treated eye (2%). Conclusions Of all eyes treated for ROP, 1/8 were treated for disease less severe than currently recommended type 1 criteria. Clinician judgment of risk for permanent vision impairment superseded recommended treatment criteria and was usually related to type 1 disease in the fellow eye or pre-plus vascular changes in one or both eyes.
Lessons learned from conducting Alzheimer’s disease caregiver mHealth app training and focus group sessions:

This paper describes the challenges and lessons learned from conducting mobile health application (mHealth app) training and focus group sessions for Alzheimer’s disease caregivers. We review the p...
[Investigation of a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in Ningbo]

Objective: To investigate a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 after a mass gathering activity in Ningbo of Zhejiang province and analyze the transmission chain and status of infection cases of different generations. Methods: The tracking of all the close contacts of the first COVID-19 case and epidemiological investigation were conducted on January 29, 2020 after a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 related with a Buddhism rally on January 19 (the 1.19 rally) in Ningbo occurred. The swabs of nose/throat of the cases and close contacts were collected and tested for nucleic acids by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Results: From January 26 to February 20, 2020, a total of 67 COVID-19 cases and 15 asymptomatic infection cases related with the 1.19 rally were reported in Ningbo. The initial case was the infection source who infected 29 second generation cases and 4 asymptomatic infection cases, in whom 23 second generation cases and 3 asymptomatic infection cases once took bus with the initial case, the attack rate was 33.82% (23/68) and the infection rate was 38.24% (26/68). The risks of suffering from COVID-19 and being infected were 28.91 times and 26.01 times higher in rally participants taking bus with initial case compared with those taking no bus with initial case. In this epidemic, 37 third+generation cases and 11 related asymptomatic infection cases occurred, the attack rate was 2.88% (37/1 283) and the infection rate was 4.76% (48/1 008). The main transmission routes included vehicle sharing and family transmission. Conclusion: It was a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 caused by a super spreader in a massive rally. The epidemic has been under effective control.
Resting-state functional network models for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Four recent articles were examined for their use of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging on participants with posttraumatic symptoms. Theory-driven computations were complemented by ...
Consequences of space radiation on the brain and cardiovascular system.

Staying longer in outer space will inevitably increase the health risks of astronauts due to the exposures to galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events. Exposure may pose a significant hazard ...
The Conceptual Level of Analysis and its Place in the Infological System of Information and Analytical Support in the Tasks of Operational Assessment of Threats Posed by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Currently, the issues related to the air traffic control of unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as the elimination of threats from their use in a terrorist orientation, are of particular relevance. Airspace monitoring systems form the basis of this direction. The solution to this problem is seen in the implementation of a multi-stage integrated approach, linking into a single whole the development of principles for constructing detection and tracking systems for low-altitude, sedentary and small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles, theoretical foundations for the reception and integrated processing of scattered ultra-short-pulse radar and optical signals, as well as new architectural solutions for building equipment implementing these methods. The novelty of the developed methods is provided by the original mathematical apparatus for subband signal processing, which is based on the properties of subband matrices and their eigenvectors, which form a natural orthonormal complete basis of the space of the corresponding dimension. The article is devoted to the generalization of the developed methods for spatial image processing in the optical and infrared bands at the conceptual level for implementation of semantic and associative-ontological analysis by the infological system in order to reliably assess threats posed by unmanned aerial vehicles.
The age of automation: technical genius, social dilemma

Preface Setting The Machine at the Door Primer on Automation The Frankenstein Issue Impetus and the Encompassing Malaise Opportunities and Applications Commercial Applications Government and Law Enforcement Applications Research Opportunities Health Care and Education Problems and Their Ethical Perspective Ethical Factors Automation-Related Crime Socioeconomic Issues Psychological Dilemmas Amelioration Economic Countermeasures Reversal of Psychological Degradation Glossary Software Suggested Reading Notes Index
Interdisciplinary Planning to Meet Environmental Needs

A review is given of the history of work of the Corps of Engineers and the environment. In the future, many more community elements and many more disciplines are going to participate in water-resource decisions than did so in the past. Government agencies, for all their expertise and experience, must now be prepared to listen to and learn from, and perhaps be vetoed by other kinds of interest. The institutions and techniques and even the community climate for such interdisciplinary participation and community cooperations have not yet been fully prepared. Consequently there are many clouds through which we cannot yet see along our future course.
Techniques for Sperm Harvest

Advances in assisted reproductive techniques have allowed spermatozoa retrieved from any portion of the reproductive tract to be used for pregnancy. This chapter focuses on the techniques of sperm harvesting in men with ejaculatory failure, obstructive azoospermia, and nonobstructive azoospermia.
Investigation of material property influenced stoichiometric deviations as evidenced during UV laser-assisted atom probe tomography in fluorite oxides

Abstract Oxide materials are used in numerous applications such as thermal barrier coatings, nuclear fuels, and electrical conductors and sensors, all applications where nanometer-scale stoichiometric changes can affect functional properties. Atom probe tomography can be used to characterize the precise chemical distribution of individual species and spatially quantify the oxygen to metal ratio at the nanometer scale. However, atom probe analysis of oxides can be accompanied by measurement artifacts caused by laser-material interactions. In this investigation, two technologically relevant oxide materials with the same crystal structure and an anion to cation ratio of 2.00, pure cerium oxide (CeO2) and uranium oxide (UO2) are studied. It was determined that electronic structure, optical properties, heat transfer properties, and oxide stability strongly affect their evaporation behavior, thus altering their measured stoichiometry, with thermal conductance and thermodynamic stability being strong factors.
New developments in deep-towed seismic acquisition

A unique multichannel seismic system, built and operated by the Naval Research Laboratory, allows broad band, high resolution investigations in the upper several hundred metres of deep-water sediment. The deep-towed, acoustic/geophysics system (DTAGS) described here eliminates these problems, making the system ideal for performing detailed geophysical investigations in shallow sediments of deep water. The DTAGS source is a Helmholtz resonator, and operates at a sound level of 200 dB (re 1 /spl mu/Pa at 1 m) over a frequency range of 220 to 1000 Hz, with a response that is largely independent of depth of operation, (0 to 6000 metres water depth). Each omni-directional hydrophone is very sensitive, exhibiting a self noise level of only 0.07 /spl mu/bar RMS, and a total harmonic distortion of less than -90 dB. The received signal is locally digitized before telemetered to the topside acquisition computer, where it is monitored in real time and recorded in industry-standard SEGY format. In summary, the DTAGS is a scaled down multichannel seismic system that exhibits about an order of magnitude better resolution, both vertically and laterally, than a conventional surface-towed, airgun, multichannel seismic system.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: Differential diagnosis in childhood sexual abuse.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the most commonly diagnosed disorders in sexually abused children (SAC). There is a high degree of symptom overlap and comorbidity between these disorders, and differential diagnosis can be confusing. Current diagnostic criteria do not include PTSD as a differential diagnosis for ADHD, nor do existing assessment guidelines address these diagnostic similarities. This may have serious implications for SAC. This literature review describes the psychological impact of child sexual abuse and possible consequences for misdiagnosing ADHD in SAC. A comparison of criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for ADHD and PTSD is presented, and commonalities are discussed. On the basis of this comparison, recommendations are made for improving clinical decision-making and for facilitating differential diagnosis. Routine inquiry about traumatic experiences in children presenting with ADHD symptoms is suggested to increase accuracy in differential diagnosis.
Geometry of super lightcone diagrams and Lorentz invariance of lightcone string field theory (II): Closed Neveu-Schwarz string☆

Abstract We study the structure and Lorentz properties of the Neveu-Schwarz (NS) three-string vertex in the super lightcone diagram (SLD) formalism. By studying the Lorentz behavior of the SLD, we construct the Lorentz generators and show that the Lorentz algebra closes if the spacetime dimension is equal to 10, thereby prove the Lorentz invariance of the theory at the off-shell level. The Lorentz transformation is equivalent to the superconformal transformation and induces a coordinate transformation in the supermoduli space. The integrand of the S-matrix changes by a total derivative in the supermoduli space under the Lorentz transformation.
Trapping of conformations of the Escherichia coli F1 ATPase by disulfide bond formation: A state of the enzyme with all three catalytic sites of equal and low affinity for nucleotides

A mutant of Escherichia coli F1F0-ATPase, αS411C/βY331W/βE381C/γC87S, has been generated. CuCl2 treatment of this mutant led to cross-linking between α and β subunits in yields of up to 90%. This cross-linking across non-catalytic site interfaces inhibited ATP hydrolysis activity. In the absence of cross-linking, MgATP bound in catalytic sites of the mutant with three different affinities of 0.1 μM, 6 μM and 60 μM, respectively, values that are comparable to wild-type. For MgADP, there was one tight site (0.34 μM) and two sites of lower affinity (each 27 μM), again comparable to wild-type enzyme. After cross-linking all three catalytic sites bound MgATP or MgADP with the same relatively low affinity (∼60 μM). Thus cross-linking fixed all three catalytic sites in the same conformation. Trypsin cleavage experiments showed that cross-linking fixed the e subunit in the ATP+EDTA conformation.
Systemic mastocytosis in a patient with polycythemia vera treated with radioactive phosphorus

Systemic mastocytosis occurred as a fatal event in a patient with long-standing polycythemia vera. The patient had been treated over the course of 21 yr with radioactive phosphorus. Possible relationships between mastocytosis and polycythemia vera, and also between mastocytosis and treatment with ionizing radiation, are discussed. Histopathologic and electron microscopic findings are illustrated. Difficulties in establishing the diagnosis of mast cell disease in this setting are also described.
Analysis and design of a recurrent neural network for real-time parameter estimation

The authors design and analyze a recurrent neural network for real-time parameter estimation. There are several desirable features in the proposed neural approach to parameter estimation. The estimated parameters generated by the proposed neural network are optimal in the sense that a least squares performance index is minimized. The convergence rate of the recurrent neural network based parameter estimator can be controlled by selecting a design parameter. The proposed recurrent neural network is easy to implement in electronic circuits and easy to interface with analog sensors. The configuration and design principles of the neural network are discussed. The operating characteristics of the neural network are demonstrated via an application example. >
The distance education evolution: issues and case studies

Creating an online program / Sandy Kyrish -- Faculty participation in distance education programs : practices and plans / Catherine Schifter -- Can a viable DE program stay behind the technology wave / John Sorrentino -- Universal design for online education : access for all / Rosangela Boyd and Bonnie Moulton -- Building virtual teams : a comparison between academia and industry / Stella Shields, Gisela Gil-Egui, and Concetta Stewart -- Education mirrors industry (reprise) : the not-so revolutionary rise of the virtual classroom / Donald Hantula and Darlene Pawlowicz -- Tools in use to evaluate an online program / Catherine Schifter and Dominique Monolescu -- Online teaching, copyrights, and the need for concerted solutions / Gisela Gil-Egui -- Creatingand using multiple media in an online course / Maurice Wright -- Teaching a studies in race course online : the challenges and the rewards / Karen Turner -- Media enterpreneuship as an online course : a case study / Elizabeth Leebron -- The uses and impact of academic listservs in university teaching / Julie-Ann Mcfann -- Design and evaluation of an Internet-based personalized instructional system for social psychology / Erica Davis and Donald Hantula.
Aluminum-Based Water Treatment Residual Use in a Constructed Wetland for Capturing Urban Runoff Phosphorus: Column Study

Aluminum-based water treatment residuals (Al-WTRs) have a strong affinity to sorb P. In a proof- of-concept greenhouse column study, Al-WTR was surface-applied at rates equivalent to 0, 62, 124, and 248 Mg ha −1 to 15 cm of soil on top of 46 cm of sand; Al-WTR rates were estimated to capture 0, 10, 20, and 40 years of P from an urban watershed entering an engineered wetland in Boise, ID, USA. Creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra) was established in all columns; one set of columns received no Al-WTR or plants. After plant establishment, once per week over a 12-week period, ∼1.0 pore volumes of ∼0.20 mg P L −1 were added to each column. Infiltration rates were measured, leachate was collected and analyzed for soluble P, and fescue yield, P concentration, and uptake were deter- mined. After plant harvest, the sand, soil, and the Al- WTR layer were collected and analyzed for Olsen P; amorphous Al, Fe, and P; P storage capacity (PSC); and soluble + Al + Fe-bound, occluded, and Ca-bound P phases. Infiltration rate increased only due to the pres- ence of plants. Leached P decreased (50 %) with plants present; Al-WTR further reduced soluble P leaching losses (60 %). Fescue yield, P concentration, and uptake increased with increasing Al-WTR rate, due to Al-WTR sorbing and potentially making P more plant available; Olsen-extractable P increased with increasing Al-WTR rate, supporting this contention. The PSC was reduced with the 62 Mg ha −1 Al-WTR rate but maintained with greater Al-WTR rates. The 124 and 248 Mg ha −1 Al- WTR rates also contained greater P associated with the soluble + Al + Fe and occluded phases which should be stable over the long term (e.g., decadal). It was recom- mended to apply Al-WTR near the 124 and 248 Mg ha −1 rates in the future to capture urban runoff soluble P in the Boise, ID, engineered wetland.
An ongoing partition: histories, borders, and the politics of vivisection in Jammu and Kashmir

This article begins the process of conceptualizing the drawing of multiple borders across Kashmir in the postcolonial period from the perspective of partition. It reviews the literature on partition and borders to argue that vivisection and its politics has played a significant role in defining the nature of the ongoing crisis in the region. The making and traversal of divisions – territorial, material, and ideological – lies at the heart of making sense of the Kashmir issue and offers possibilities for its resolution.
Ground‐based observations of the slowdown in ozone decline and onset of ozone increase

[1] This paper presents the evidence for a slowdown in ozone decline and subsequent ozone increase using ground-based data, i.e., Dobson, Brewer, and Russian filter ozonometer total-ozone data and Umkehr and ozonesonde-derived layer-ozone data. The impacts of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and 11-year solar cycle were minimized by determining 5-year trends based on 11-year running means. On the basis of 50–60 total-ozone stations, the global trends vary from a maximum negative value of −2.1 ± 0.6%/decade in 1988 to a value of 0.7 ± 0.5%/decade at the end of the record in 2000, where the confidence intervals are 2 standard deviations of the mean of the individual station trends. Because of the use of 5-year trends and 11-year running means, the actual year of slowdown in total-ozone decline may be up to 7 years later than the year of maximum negative trend in our analysis, or close to the 1993–1995 peak in ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in the atmosphere. Umkehr and ozonesonde-derived layer-ozone trends were determined for 32- to 53-, 24- to 32-, 19- to 24-, 10- to 19-, and 0- to 10-km layers of the north temperate zone. On the basis of four Umkehr stations and about five ozonesonde stations, the integrated layer-weighted Umkehr trends vary from a maximum negative value of −3.8 ± 0.3%/decade in 1989 to a value of 1.2 ± 2.1%/decade in 2000, while the integrated sonde trends vary from a maximum negative value of −4.8 ± 1.6%/decade in 1989 to a value of 1.8 ± 2.1/decade in 2000. Both Umkehr and sonde data show that nearly half of the increase in north temperate total-ozone trend between 1989 and 2000 is due to trend increase in the low-stratospheric 10- to 19-km layer, with the troposphere contributing only about 5%.
Subacute toxicity of toluidine red.

Abstract Toluidine Red (formerly D & C Red No. 35) was fed to groups of 10 Osborne-Mendel rats for 90 days at dietary levels of 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0%. No effect was observed on mortality, growth, or hematology. In females the liver to body weight ratios were increased at the 1.0% feeding level and in males at the 0.25, 0.50, and 2.0% levels. No pathologic changes attributable to the dye were found in these rats.
Insular Endemic Plants Lack Defenses Against Herbivores

Islands are of special conservation importance because island ecosystems typically support unique biotic communities rich in endemic taxa (Mueller-Dombois 1981). Species endemic to islands, however, have suffered a disproportionate share of extinctions worldwide since 1600 (Atkinson 1989; Olson 1989; Reid & Miller 1989; Case et al. 1992). Exotic predators and herbivores introduced by humans are believed to be a major cause of extinctions on islands; herbivorous mammals in particular cause severe damage when introduced to island ecosystems (Vitousek 1988; Atkinson 1989). Insular endemic plants are believed to be vulnerable to introductions of herbivores because mammalian herbivores were absent from most islands until the arrival of humans (Atkinson 1989). Most plants have defenses against herbivory (Marquis 1991). Plants evolve defenses in direct proportion to the risk of herbivory (Rhoades 1979; Marquis 1991); because defenses are costly, production decreases when herbivores are absent (Rhoades 1979). Consequently, insular endemic plants that evolved in the absence of large mammalian herbivores may lack defenses against herbivory (Thorne 1969; Carlquist 1974; Coblentz 1978). This hypothesis, although widely accepted (Vitousek 1988; Atkinson 1989; Primack 1993; Paulay 1994), has never been tested. Santa Cruz Island (249 km2), 30 km from mainland southern California, is the largest of the eight California Channel Islands. Santa Cruz supports 650 plant taxa organized into 10 or more communities (Junak et al. 1995). Overall, the Santa Cruz Island flora is similar to nearby species and communities on the mainland. Fortyfive island taxa, however, are endemic to the Channel Islands and eight are endemic to Santa Cruz Island (Junak et al. 1995). Endemic plants on Santa Cruz exhibit both
Conversation about Cynthia Enloe's Nimo's War, Emma's War

Cynthia Enloe has demonstrated time and time again that looking at how gender operates in times of war and militarization is neither superfluous nor simply a luxury afforded to those in academia. G...
Photooxygenation of 3-hydroxyflavone and molecular design of the radiation-hard scintillator based on the excited-state proton transfer

Abstract The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction of 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) has been employed in radiation hard-scintillator counters although its photochemical instability limits its practical application. This study presents the mechanism of photooxygenation of 3HF which provides further understanding of the photochemistry of this molecule and may help in the design of flavonol derivatives which may have much better photostability. In addition, a new ESIPT molecule, 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline, is presented as a system exhibiting proton transfer emission approaching the red region of the visible spectrum.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN IMPULSE MEASUREMENT DEVICE TO QUANTIFY THE BLAST ENVIRONMENT FROM A NEAR-SURFACE DETONATION IN SOIL

A reusable IMD was designed to directly measure the combined aboveground soil debris and airblast loadings from the detonation of surface and shallow-buried explosive charges. The IMD was designed with a mass piston assembly that was free to move in a vertical direction with minimal resistance other than its own weight and gravity. Through calibration and testing, the IMD proved to be reliable and reusable with very few maintenance issues. Comparison of the experimental data with the results of the CTH calculations shows good agreement and indicate that the IMD performed as designed. The peak velocity and displacement data captured in the IMD were within 5 percent of the CTH calculated values. The displacement of the support structure recorded during the blast event was well below the design goals and proved to have little or no influence on the response of the IMD. The tests performed with the IMD were very successful in capturing critical information. Follow-on experiments to investigate the effects of shallow buried explosive detonations in soils will provide critical data needed to validate numerical codes and constitutive models used to predict loading on vehicle by IED and mine blast.
Inhibition of the responses of neurons in the rat spinal cord to noxious skin heating by stimulation in midbrain periaqueductal gray or lateral reticular formation.

Abstract Single units responsive to noxious heating of glabrous hindfoot skin were recorded in the lumbar spinal cord of rats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Unit responses to heat stimuli (e.g. 50 °C, 10 s) delivered at 2-min intervals were stable and were markedly suppressed during stimulation (100-ms pulse trains at 100 Hz, 3/s, 25–400 μA) in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) or lateral reticular formation (LRF). Inhibition did not appear to outlast the midbrain stimulation period. By systematically varying the position of an array of 3 or 5 stimulating electrodes, we observed that stimulation in PAG and subjacent tegmental areas, as well as in widespread regions of the LRF bilaterally, suppressed unit responses to noxious skin heating. The degree of suppression of unit responses increased with graded increases in PAG or LRF stimulation intensity. LRF appeared to be more efficacious than PAG stimulation, based on lower currents at threshold, as well as on significantly greater slopes in current-inhibition plots for LRF compared to PAG stimulation. Unit responses increased linearly with graded increases in stimulus temperature from 42 to 54 °C. Slopes of temperature-response lines were reduced during PAG stimulation with no change in response threshold, while temperature-response lines were shifted in a parallel manner toward higher temperatures during LRF stimulation with an increase in response threshold. The results suggest that differential inhibitory systems are activated by PAG or LRF stimulation and are discussed in relation to previous findings in the cat and as a possible mechanism of stimulation-produced analgesia.
MRI-guided fluorescence tomography of PPIX in the breast: a case study

A case study to demonstrate fluorescence tomography of endogenous protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in breast cancer is presented. An MRI-coupled fluorescence tomography system with spectrometer detectors was used to acquire excitation and emission data through the breast of a human subject undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. Volumetric images of PPIX fluorescence showed elevated levels of fluorescence activity in the fibro-glandular tissue as compared to the adipose tissue. Fluorescence levels in the tumor were higher than in the adipose tissue but lower than the fibro-glandular tissue.
Grading the severity of congestive heart failure in infants.

To determine which variables most accurately define congestive heart failure (CHF) in infants, 41 patients (median age 2.5 months) were graded by four pediatric cardiologists for the presence and severity of CHF based on the following variables: amount of formula consumed per feeding, feeding time, history of diaphoresis or tachypnea, growth parameters, respiratory and heart rates, respiratory pattern, perfusion, presence of edema, diastolic filling sounds, and hepatomegaly. There were 19 patients graded as having no CHF, nine as mild, seven moderate, and six severe CHF. The most sensitive and specific variables (p 50/min, an abnormal respiratory pattern, diastolic filling sounds, and hepatomegaly. Moderate to severe CHF was present when patients took 40 min/feed, had and abnormal respiratory pattern with a resting respiratory rate >60/min, and had a diastolic filling sound and moderate hepatomegaly. Severe CHF was accompanied by a heart rate >170/min, decreased perfusion, and severe hepatomegaly. Thus, the grading of the severity of CHF in infants should include an accurate description of these historical and clinical variables.