cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of received signal strength from human joint angles in body area networks

Focusing on movements of a human participant performing physical-therapy exercises, this paper presents an algorithm that predicts the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of wireless sensor nodes attached to the user. The body area network (BAN) formed by the nodes is a motion capture system that measures joint angles of the user at the shoulder and elbow. In order to predict the RSSI, we first show that the wireless signal experiences severe attenuation from human-body shadowing even though distances between transmitters and receiver are less than 3 meters. Second, we show that the RSSI fluctuates periodically with regular body movements (i.e., physical-therapy exercises). We then model the movements using k-means clustering and Markov chains and determine the probability distribution of the RSSI at each state in the movement. Finally, the RSSI is predicted with a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) detector. Experimental results show that the RSSI can be predicted with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.7 dB, which is an error within 4.2% of the average RSSI level, and when a prediction is made, it is valid for the next 1083 milliseconds (ms) on average.
Technology in the South Asian imaginary

For non-specialists, the accumulated scholarship on the history of science, technology, and medicine in South Asia presents particular challenges: although extensive, especially on the colonial per...
Analysis of monitoring results of measles laboratory in Pingdingshan City in 2001～2005

Objective To evaluate the function of laboratory in preventing and controlling measles.Methods Serum antibody IgM to measles was detected with ELISA.Results 1326 measles eases were reported in five years,731suspeeted eases were diag- nosed in lab,365 measles cases were confirmed.The eases were distributed in 10 counties,there were two eoexistent epidemic pat- tern,sporadic and outbreak.In 2004,there were 14 outbreaks accounted for 58.6% of the year.233 eases were detected in lab (31. 9%).The higher incidence was from March to June.The youngest patient was 4 months old and the oldest one was 50 years old. Most of patients were young children from 7 to 15 years old.Conclttsion Detecting serum antibody IgM of measles was the key function of measles laboratory for rapid confirming diagnosis,preventing and controlling outbreak of measles.
Software Prototyping: A Case Report of Refining User Requirements for a Health Information Exchange Dashboard.

BACKGROUND Health information exchange (HIE) between Poison Control Centers (PCCs) and Emergency Departments (EDs) could improve care of poisoned patients. However, PCC information systems are not designed to facilitate HIE with EDs; therefore, we are developing specialized software to support HIE within the normal workflow of the PCC using user-centered design and rapid prototyping. OBJECTIVE To describe the design of an HIE dashboard and the refinement of user requirements through rapid prototyping. METHODS Using previously elicited user requirements, we designed low-fidelity sketches of designs on paper with iterative refinement. Next, we designed an interactive high-fidelity prototype and conducted scenario-based usability tests with end users. Users were asked to think aloud while accomplishing tasks related to a case vignette. After testing, the users provided feedback and evaluated the prototype using the System Usability Scale (SUS). RESULTS Survey results from three users provided useful feedback that was then incorporated into the design. After achieving a stable design, we used the prototype itself as the specification for development of the actual software. Benefits of prototyping included having 1) subject-matter experts heavily involved with the design; 2) flexibility to make rapid changes, 3) the ability to minimize software development efforts early in the design stage; 4) rapid finalization of requirements; 5) early visualization of designs; 6) and a powerful vehicle for communication of the design to the programmers. Challenges included 1) time and effort to develop the prototypes and case scenarios; 2) no simulation of system performance; 3) not having all proposed functionality available in the final product; and 4) missing needed data elements in the PCC information system.
Surgical Therapy: Retisert Implant

The fluocinolone acetonide (Retisert™) 0.59-mg implant is a device approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the management of non-infectious posterior uveitis. Its intraocular sustained-release design allows it to circumvent the side effects of traditional systemic corticosteroid treatment and avoid the drawbacks of frequent and repeated local drug administration. This chapter will review the current literature regarding efficacy and safety of the implant.
ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction:Executive Summary

Executive Summary andListing of Recommendations These guidelines are intended for physicians, nurses, and allied healthcare personnel who care for patients with suspected or established acute myocardial infarction (MI). These guidelines have been officially endorsed by the American Society of Echocardiography, the American College of Emergency Physicians, and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. This executive summary and listing of recommendations appears in the November 1, 1996, issue of Circulation. The guidelines in their entirety, including the ACC/AHA Class I, II, and III recommendations, are published in the November 1996 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Beginning with these guidelines, the full text of ACC/AHA guidelines will be published in one journal and the executive summary and listing of recommendations in the other . Reprints of both the full text and the executive summary with its listing of recommendations are available from both organizations. Each year 900 000 people in the United States experience acute MI. Of these, roughly 225 000 die, including 125 000 who die “in the field” before obtaining medical care. Most of these deaths are arrhythmic in etiology. Because early reperfusion treatment of patients with acute MI improves left ventricular (LV) systolic function and survival, every effort must be made to minimize prehospital delay. Indeed, efforts are ongoing to promote rapid identification and treatment of patients with acute MI, including (1) patient education about the symptoms of acute MI and appropriate actions to take and (2) prompt initial care of the patient by the community emergency medical system. In treating the patient with chest pain, emergency medical system personnel must act with a sense of urgency. When the patient with suspected acute MI reaches the emergency department (ED), evaluation and initial management should take place promptly, because the benefit of reperfusion therapy is greatest if therapy …
The sincere subject: Mediation and interiority among a group of Muslim women in Iran

This article examines two genres of prayer, namaz and du’a, among a group of Shi’a Muslim women in Iran. It analyzes the variety of ways in which the legal validity of prayers along with ideas about “presence of the heart” and “sincerity” in worship have been debated. I argue that the debates on worship, even among jurists, remain unsettled, and without a final resolution. I use the ethnographic context of a group of women in Tehran to carry out a comparative analysis of the notion of sincerity as analyzed in the anthropology of Christianity. I show that this comparison can both illuminate ideas and practices of worship in Iran and at the same time add dimensions that are perhaps underemphasized or unexplored in debates on Protestants. I make an attempt to define the concept of interiority and demonstrate its usefulness in understanding religious subjectivity. A historical analysis of religious subjectivity that is arrived at through a study of the power relations that result in particular authoritative d...
Patterns and correlates of within-season breeding dispersal: A common strategy in a declining grassland songbird

ABSTRACT Dispersal is a ubiquitous behavior with important consequences for gene flow, demography, and conservation. Some birds engage in between-year breeding dispersal, but the factors shaping variation in this behavior are not well understood. In mid-continental grasslands, preliminary evidence suggested that Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) dispersed not only between seasons, but also within breeding seasons—an apparently uncommon avian behavior. We studied a population of Grasshopper Sparrows breeding in northeastern Kansas, USA, to document the spatial and temporal patterns of within-season breeding dispersal in an experimentally managed tallgrass prairie from 2013 to 2015. We combined color-band resighting, territory mapping, and radio telemetry to quantify changes in territory density, turnover of territorial males, and dispersal distances. Density of Grasshopper Sparrows varied seasonally in management-specific ways, simultaneously increasing and decreasing in watersheds that differed...
A proof of anomalous invasion speeds in a system of coupled Fisher-KPP equations

This article is concerned with the rigorous validation of anomalous spreading speeds in a system of coupled Fisher-KPP equations of cooperative type. Anomalous spreading refers to a scenario wherein the coupling of two equations leads to faster spreading speeds in one of the components. The existence of these spreading speeds can be predicted from the linearization about the unstable state. We prove that initial data consisting of compactly supported perturbations of Heaviside step functions spreads asymptotically with the anomalous speed. The proof makes use of a comparison principle and the explicit construction of sub and super solutions.
Synthesis of 5'-Thio-3'-O-ribonucleoside Phosphoramidites.

The chemical synthesis of phosphoramidite derivatives of all four 5′-deoxy-5′-thioribonucleosides is described. These phosphoramidites contained trityl (A, G, C, and U), dimethoxytrityl (A and G), or tert-butyldisulfanyl (G) as the 5′-S-protecting group. The application of several of these phosphoramidites for solid-phase synthesis of oligoribonucleotides containing a 2′-O-photocaged 5′-S-phosphorothiolate linkage or 5′-thiol-labeled RNAs is also further investigated.
Evaluating synthetic vision displays for enhanced airplane state awareness

Recent accident and incident data suggest that Spatial Disorientation (SD) and Loss-of-Energy State Awareness (LESA) for transport category aircraft are becoming an increasingly prevalent safety concern in domestic and international operations. A CAST study of 18 loss-of-control accidents determined that a lack of external visual references (i.e., darkness, instrument meteorological conditions, or both) was associated with a flight crew’s loss of attitude awareness or energy state awareness in 17 of these events. In response, CAST requested that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conduct research to support definition of minimum requirements for Virtual Day-Visual Meteorological Condition (VMC) displays, also known as Synthetic Vision Systems, to accomplish the intended function of improving flight crew awareness of airplane attitude. These research data directly inform the development of minimum aviation system performance standards (MASPS) for RTCA special committee (SC)-213, “Enhanced Flight Vision Systems and Synthetic Vision Systems.” An overview of NASA high-fidelity simulator research is provided that collected data specific to CAST and RTCA needs on the efficacy of synthetic vision technology to aid in attitude awareness and prevent entry into, and recovery from unusual attitudes. The paper highlights our research with low-hour, international flight crews.
Distinctive Functions of α6β4 and Other Integrins in Epithelial Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the aspects of structure and function of β4, β1, and αV integrins that are relevant to epithelial cells. Integrin α6β4 acts as a link between basement membrane and the intermediate filament cytoskeleton in epithelial cells. A proper identification of the α6β4 ligand will be an important step that may clarify many aspects of the molecular interactions between epithelial cells and basement membranes. Several laboratories concurrently produced evidence that α6β4 in epithelial cells is physically associated with structures termed hemidesmosomes. It has been speculated that α6β4 has a role in catalyzing the reorganization of hemidesmosomal components, perhaps after the recognition of a ligand in the basement membrane. Although α6β4 is diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm of migrating epithelial cells, as soon as migration halts, it becomes quickly polarized to the basal surface in areas of contact with the basement membrane. In addition, there is a consistent distribution of expression in carcinomas from a variety of sources. Interestingly, α6β4 appears to be expressed in carcinoma cells whether or not the normal tissue of origin is α6β4 positive.
Radionuclide Distributions in Recent Black Sea Sediments

The Chernobyl nuclear accident in May 1986 released substantial quantities of reactor-produced nuclides into the environment. We have measured these radionuclides as well as natural radionuclides belonging to the U and Th decay series in a series of sediment cores from the Black Sea in July 1988. Some of the cores had a high porosity or “fluff” layer several cm thick on the top which contained substantial activities of natural and Chernobyl radionuclides. From the distributions of the radionuclides, we conclude that the high porosity “fluff” layers resulted from one or more high productivity events which occurred in the Black Sea between May 1986 and July 1988. This period produced an abnormally high flux of material which carried substantial activities of natural and Chernobyl radionuclides to the bottom of the Black Sea. Two cores showed evidence of prior high productivity events which probably occurred several decades ago. From the inventories of the radionuclides we estimate that such high flux events do not occur more often than about every 20 years.
Constrained Transverse Cracking in Composite Laminates

This paper reports an experimental study of transverse cracking in 90(0) plies of (+/-theta(0)/90(2)(0))s laminates of graphite/epoxy. The constraint to this cracking process is varied by varying t ...
Femoroacetabular Impingement as a Complication of Acetabular Fracture Fixation

Abstract Case We present the case of a thirteen-year-old female who sustained a posterior wall acetabular fracture dislocation. She underwent urgent closed reduction and subsequent uncomplicated open reduction and internal fixation. Post reduction computed tomography demonstrated a concentrically reduced hip joint with no evidence of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). She subsequently healed her fracture and returned to running activities; however, one year later presented with aching pain in her thigh. Radiographs demonstrated the development of a large osseous prominence on her anterolateral femoral neck consistent with femoroacetabular impingement. Based on these findings she was evaluated by a hip preservation specialist. She subsequently underwent successful hip arthroscopy for labral repair and femoral osteochondroplasty. She was eventually able to return to running sports with little pain. Summary We present a case of FAI presenting as a complication of acetabular fracture fixation. This should be discussed with patients presenting with traumatic hip dislocations as a possible complication of surgical fixation or possibly of the injury itself.
Nanocarbon-Edge-Anchored High-Density Pt Atoms for 3-nitrostyrene Hydrogenation: Strong Metal-Carbon Interaction.

Summary Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) has been widely used to improve catalytic performance and to identify reaction mechanisms. We report that single Pt atoms anchored onto hollow nanocarbon (h-NC) edges possess strong metal-carbon interaction, which significantly modifies the catalytic behavior of the anchored Pt atoms for selective hydrogenation reactions. The strong Pt-C bonding not only stabilizes single Pt atoms but also modifies their electronic structure, tunes their adsorption properties, and enhances activation of reactants. The fabricated Pt1/h-NC single-atom catalysts (SACs) demonstrated excellent activity for hydrogenation of 3-nitrostyrene to 3-vinylaniline with a turnover number >31,000/h, 20 times higher than that of the best catalyst for such selective hydrogenation reactions reported in the literature. The strategy to strongly anchor Pt atoms by edge carbon atoms of h-NCs is general and can be extended to construct strongly anchored metal atoms, via SMSI, onto surfaces of various types of support materials to develop robust SACs.
Salmon‐derived nutrient and organic matter fluxes from a coastal catchment in southeast Alaska

Salmon are important vectors for biogeochemical transport across ecosystem boundaries. Here we quantified salmon contributions to annual catchment fluxes of nutrients (N and P) and organic matter (C, N, and P) from a forested catchment in coastal southeast Alaska. Concentrations of ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorus increased by several orders of magnitude during spawning and were significantly correlated with spawning salmon densities. Nitrate concentrations increased modestly during spawning and were not significantly correlated with salmon densities. Salmon had a modest legacy effect on inorganic N and P as evidenced by elevated streamwater concentrations past the end of the spawning period. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations did not respond to the presence of salmon; however, concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus showed a significant positive relationship to salmon densities. Changes in spectroscopic properties of the bulk streamwater dissolved organic matter pool indicated that streamwater dissolved organic matter became less aromatic and biolabile during spawning. On an annual basis, salmon were the dominant source of streamwater fluxes of inorganic nutrients, accounting for 92%, 65%, and 74% of annual streamwater fluxes of ammonium, nitrate, and soluble reactive phosphorus, respectively. In contrast, fluxes of organic matter were dominated by catchment sources with salmon accounting for <1% of the annual catchment flux of dissolved organic carbon and 12% and 15% of the annual fluxes of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorous respectively. These findings indicate that, in small coastal catchments, salmon can be a quantitatively important source of dissolved streamwater nutrients with implications for productivity in downstream estuarine ecosystems.
Advanced diagnostic imaging utilization during emergency department visits in the United States: A predictive modeling study for emergency department triage.

Background Emergency department (ED) crowding is associated with negative health outcomes, patient dissatisfaction, and longer length of stay (LOS). The addition of advanced diagnostic imaging (ADI), namely CT, ultrasound (U/S), and MRI to ED encounter work up is a predictor of longer length of stay. Earlier and improved prediction of patients’ need for advanced imaging may improve overall ED efficiency. The aim of the study was to detect the association between ADI utilization and the structured and unstructured information immediately available during ED triage, and to develop and validate models to predict utilization of ADI during an ED encounter. Methods We used the United States National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 2009 to 2014 to examine which sociodemographic and clinical factors immediately available at ED triage were associated with the utilization of CT, U/S, MRI, and multiple ADI during a patient’s ED stay. We used natural language processing (NLP) topic modeling to incorporate free-text reason for visit data available at time of ED triage in addition to other structured patient data to predict the use of ADI using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Among the 139,150 adult ED visits from a national probability sample of hospitals across the U.S, 21.9% resulted in ADI use, including 16.8% who had a CT, 3.6% who had an ultrasound, 0.4% who had an MRI, and 1.2% of the population who had multiple types of ADI. The c-statistic of the predictive models was greater than or equal to 0.78 for all imaging outcomes, and the addition of text-based reason for visit information improved the accuracy of all predictive models. Conclusions Patient information immediately available during ED triage can accurately predict the eventual use of advanced diagnostic imaging during an ED visit. Such models have the potential to be incorporated into the ED triage workflow in order to more rapidly identify patients who may require advanced imaging during their ED stay and assist with medical decision-making.
Predicting the legitimacy of wolf recovery

Legitimacy is a prerequisite of sustainable forms of governance. Existing structures and functions of large carnivore governance have often yielded legitimacy deficits. In northeast North Carolina, USA, recovery of the critically endangered red wolf Canis rufus suffers from a legitimacy deficit, chiefly among its critics. This article operationalizes legitimacy and investigates its predictors in the North Carolina red wolf case. We developed a framework that explores three dimensions of legitimacy (input, output and throughput) to simplify the concept within the red wolf recovery and management system. Our challenge was to identify the relevant predictors of legitimacy in totality to improve governance. We analyzed 2577 survey responses from citizens owning property or living within the red wolf recovery area and used multilevel modeling to analyze the relationships between contextual or individual variables and perceived legitimacy. Results revealed that a higher number of red wolf mortalities in a respondent's county may be an ecological predictor of perceived lower legitimacy. Results also indicate that women, formally educated, and smaller parcel-owning landowners were more likely to find red wolf recovery legitimate. Tolerance of red wolves, normative ethics about red wolf recovery, and the instrumental value of wolves were also strong predictors of legitimacy. We conclude that situating legitimacy at the center of a nested social–ecological system may more accurately reveal expressions of its core elements, criteria, or sources in order to identify and treat the pathologies of large carnivore governance.
Postoperative Rehabilitation Following Rotator Cuff Repair: General Principles

With over 4.5 million annual physician visits and greater than 450,000 rotator cuff repairs each year, pathology of the rotator cuff represents an extremely prevalent condition leading to significant pain and functional impairment. Postoperative rehabilitation following rotator cuff repair is critical to achieving optimal outcomes for these patients. While there remains disagreement on the early versus delayed introduction of passive and active motion, there are certain underlying general principles that most surgeons incorporate into their rehab protocols. This chapter serves to review the current literature and perspective on the topic of rotator cuff rehabilitation in the postoperative setting and discusses some of the major considerations that ought to guide treatment and the modalities that are often utilized.
Family Quality of Life: Perspectives of Family Caregivers of People with Dementia

Aims: Most caregiving literature focuses on individual-level outcomes, with sparse knowledge on family-level outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the family quality of lif...
Asymptotic analysis via Mellin transforms for small deviations in $L^2$-norm of integrated Brownian sheets

We use Mellin transforms to compute a full asymptotic expansion for the tail of the Laplace transform of the squared $L^2$-norm of any multiply-integrated Brownian sheet. Through reversion we obtain corresponding strong small-deviation estimates.
Helicobacter pylori and colorectal cancer-A bacterium going abroad?

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that infects the mucus gel layer above the gastric epithelium in approximately half of the world’s population [1]. Infection with H. pylori causes gastritis, which may become chronic. Chronic inflammation of the stomach mucosa leads to morphological changes in the gastric epithelium transitioning from chronic atrophic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and, in 1%–3% of H. pylori–infected individuals, to gastric cancer [2]. This progression from normal to cancerous tissue takes decades and can be inhibited by eradication of the bacterium through antibiotic treatment [2]. Besides causing gastric cancer, which was officially acknowledged by the World Health Organization in 1994 [3], the presence of H. pylori has been associated with other diseases as well. Within the stomach, H. pylori increases risk of peptic ulcer and lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues; outside of the stomach, H. pylori has been found to be associated with not only a range of noncancerous diseases, including asthma, Parkinson, and diabetes, but also other cancerous outcomes in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colorectum [4, 5].
Canavati Fractional Iyengar Inequalities

Here we present Canavati fractional Iyengar type inequalities with respect to \(L_{p}\) norms, with \(1\le p\le \infty \). The method is based on the right and left Canavati fractional Taylor’s formulae. See also [3].
Laser interstitial thermal therapy after failed anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy can improve seizure outcome

Anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy (ATL) is the gold standard surgical treatment for drug resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). Nevertheless, seizure recurrence after ATL is not uncommon. Insufficient resection of the mesial temporal structures remains one of the most common reasons for ATL failure. Extending the resection leads to improved seizure outcome in a majority of patients. However, repeat craniotomy can be higher risk for the patient and also can be technically challenging due to scarring and altered anatomy. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a novel minimally invasive alternative to ATL, and it has been shown to be safe and effective. However, it is unclear if LITT has a role in managing post-ATL mTLE patients with recurrent seizures and residual epileptogenic structures. LITT is an attractive option for post-ATL patients with residual mesial structures because the surgery is minimally invasive, and it allows precise targeting and real time confirmation of tissue ablation under MRI guidance. We present a case of an mTLE patient with recurrent seizures after ATL who achieved long-term seizure-freedom after successfully undergoing LITT to ablate the residual hippocampus. This approach, if demonstrated to be safe, effective and durable, can benefit select post-ATL mTLE patients.
The acute and repeated effects of cigarette smoking and smoking-related cues on impulsivity.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Impulsivity may be a risk factor that increases vulnerability to nicotine dependence. However, nicotine exposure itself may directly increase impulsivity. This is a secondary analysis of the first study in a controlled laboratory setting, which assessed the effects of nicotine administration (acute and repeated) and exposure to smoking cues on behavioural impulsivity in humans (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01395797). DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-seven smokers completed three tasks to assess behavioural impulsivity (the Immediate Memory Task and the Delayed Memory Task assessing response initiation, and the GoStop Task assessing response inhibition) following: (i) 4 days of cigarette smoking (nicotinised or denicotinised cigarette); (ii) acute cigarette smoking (nicotinised); and (iii) exposure to smoking-related cues. RESULTS Four days of nicotinised cigarette smoking (vs. denicotinised) did not significantly increase Immediate Memory Task, Delayed Memory Task and GoStop scores. However, acute cigarette smoking increased GoStop impulsivity, but only following 4 days of smoking nicotinised cigarettes (P < 0.05). Exposure to smoking-related cues had no statistically significant effect on impulsivity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that repeated nicotine exposure may sensitise subsequent acute nicotine effects on behavioural impulsivity in heavy smokers.
System reliability analysis using component-level and system-level accelerated life testing

Abstract Accelerated life testing (ALT) has been widely used to expedite the analysis of a product's reliability. Systems consisting of multiple components could be tested at component level and/or system level. Each testing level requires different resources to be performed and a specific approach to analyze the information carried with it in order to draw reliability conclusions. In addition, each of these two levels: component-level tests and system-level tests have their own advantages and disadvantages. Systems of multiple components undergoing a system-level test could be expensive, but it considers the dependence of components failure times of the system. The component-level test, consists of testing each component separately, being cheap and allowing testing customization. However, it does not include any of failure time correlations of components when assembled together in one system. This paper introduces a novel framework to analyze the reliability of systems with multiple components using ALT. The framework includes shared frailty models to model the dependence between failure time distributions of the components of a system. A Bayesian method is proposed to fuse both component-level testing information and system-level testing information to calculate system reliability by propagating and minimizing the uncertainty incurred from each testing level. Results of numerical examples show the efficacy of the proposed ALT-based system reliability analysis methods.
Parametric Collapse Performance of Low-Ductility Concentrically Braced Frames with Reserve Capacity

AbstractIn moderate-seismic regions, cost-effective steel building design solutions such as the R=3 and ordinary concentrically braced frame (OCBF) systems do not consistently provide reliable life...
Management of Refractory ICP in a Case of Fulminant Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (P7.150)

OBJECTIVE: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an autoimmune, post-infectious demyelinating disorder that presents with sudden onset of multifocal neurological disturbances and typically affects the subcortical white matter. Prognosis is usually favorable but the more rare fulminant form may present with hemorrhage, herniation and death. We report on a case where intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring helped to direct management. RESULTS: A 39-year old male presented with ataxia and lethargy following a prodromal illness; he rapidly progressed to coma with quadriplegia. MRI demonstrated extensive leukencephalopathy. Lumbar puncture was performed (Protein 121mg/dl, Glucose 42 mg/dl, WBC 10). An intraparenchymal monitor was placed and a goal CPP of 60-70 mmHg was targeted (Recorded ICP 54-107mmHg, mean 77±9mmHg). During hospital day 1-6, ICP ranged 5-20mmHg(mean 12±3mmHg). On day 7, the patient suffered an ICP crisis (peak 37mmHg)and was treated per our institutional protocol (brief hyperventilation, osmotherapy, normothermia and pentobarbital therapy). He required 26 days of monitoring with a mean ICP of 16 ± 4. Pentobarbital was used for a total of 18 days. He was treated with high dose steroids but failed to improve clinically or radiographically. He received IVIG (2g/kg over 5d). He was stabilized and discharged to subacute rehab with an mRS of 5 on HD 43. Upon 30-day follow-up, the patient improved to a mRS of 4 and is able to ambulate with some assistance. He continues to improve in rehab. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that some patients with fulminant ADEM may benefit from the use of ICP monitors to guide management. Few reports of hypothermia and decompressive hemicraniectomy have been reported, but the use of ICP monitors to guide medical management has not been reported. Further research is warranted to assess the benefit of ICP monitoring in fulminant ADEM. Disclosure: Dr. Mahdi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ghobrial has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vibbert has nothing to disclose. Dr. Urtecho has nothing to disclose.
3D-printer visualization of neuron models.

Neurons come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. In a quest to understand this neuronal diversity, researchers have three-dimensionally traced tens of thousands of neurons; many of these tracings are freely available through online repositories like NeuroMorpho.Org and ModelDB. Tracings can be visualized on the computer screen, used for statistical analysis of the properties of different cell types, used to simulate neuronal behavior, and more. We introduce the use of 3D printing as a technique for visualizing traced morphologies. Our method for generating printable versions of a cell or group of cells is to expand dendrite and axon diameters and then to transform the wireframe tracing into a 3D object with a neuronal surface generating algorithm like Constructive Tessellated Neuronal Geometry (CTNG). We show that 3D printed cells can be readily examined, manipulated, and compared with other neurons to gain insight into both the biology and the reconstruction process. We share our printable models in a new database, 3DModelDB, and encourage others to do the same with cells that they generate using our code or other methods. To provide additional context, 3DModelDB provides a simulatable version of each cell, links to papers that use or describe it, and links to associated entries in other databases.
Local stress measurement using the thermoelastic effect

A technique for measuring local stresses in metallic specimens is proposed and tested. The technique depends on the experimental measurement of temperature changes in stressed members due to adiabatic elastic deformation. At a free boundary in a body under plane stress, these temperature changes are directly related to the value of the tangential principal stress. The technique is suited for measurement of stress-concentration effects, since the temperature changes can be measured with thermocouples featuring extremely small junctions. A simple stress-concentration geometry, the finitewidth strip with a central circular hole, is chosen as a model system for this study. Heat transfer in this geometry due to the temperature gradients produced by elastic deformation is analyzed. It is shown that the ratio of the temperature change at a reference section to the change at the locale of the stress concentration can be used to determine the stress-concentration factor, allowing for heat-transfer effects. An experimental measurement system capable of obtaining reproducible results with the thermal-measurement technique is described, and experimental results are given for the model geometry which agree favorably with theoretical predictions. Application of the technique to other problems is discussed.
Diversity and Multiculturalism on the Campus

(1993). Diversity and Multiculturalism on the Campus. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 44-49.
Long-term radiosurgery effects in the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy

Epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment for medically resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). To minimize complication rates and potentially improve neuropsychology outcomes, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been explored as an alternative. Two pilot trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of SRS for the treatment of medically resistant TLE, with seizure-free outcomes for approximately 65% of patients at last follow-up. Despite encouraging results, no conclusive long-term outcomes are available for SRS. This article discusses a single patient who presented with recurrent seizures, worsening headaches, and persistent abnormal MRI findings 7 years and 8 months after SRS. This 29-year-old woman with a history of medically refractory complex partial seizures since childhood was referred for evaluation. Medical management had failed in this patient. The workup was compatible with left mesial temporal lobe onset, with MRI findings suggestive of mesial temporal sclerosis. In 2003, at the age of 23 years, she underwent Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) targeting the left temporal mesial area with a dose of 24 Gy at the 50% marginal isodose line. After GKS, the patient's seizures decreased in frequency over several months, but auras were persistent. Nine months after treatment, she developed worsening headaches. A follow-up MRI study demonstrated a thick, irregular, enhancing lesion in the medial part of the temporal lobe. She was placed on corticosteroids, with resolution of her headaches. Her seizures and headaches recurred in March 2010. An MRI study showed a 2.2-cm, ill-defined, enhancing cystic lesion in the left mesial temporal lobe with T2 and FLAIR hyperintensity, which was presumably radiation induced. At that time, the patient opted for left temporal lobe resection to control her seizures. Histological examination showed moderately severe, remote, longstanding sclerosis at the level of the hippocampus. A vascular lesion was identified, and it was most consistent with radiation-induced capillary hemangioma. The entorhinal region was severely damaged, with hemorrhage, necrosis, neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and hemosiderin deposition. There was evidence of radiation vasculopathy. Radiation-induced lesions after SRS for the treatment of epilepsy are not well documented. Although GKS is a promising technique for the treatment of medically resistant TLE, the ideal candidate is not yet well defined. The selection of the appropriate technical parameters to obtain a desirable functional effect without histological damage to the surrounding neural tissue remains a challenge. This case illustrates the need for long-term follow-up when radiosurgery is used for epilepsy.
Total teleportation of a single-photon state

Recent demonstrations of teleportation have transferred quantum information encoded into either polarization or field-quadrature degrees of freedom (DOFs), but an outstanding question is how to simultaneously teleport quantum information encoded into multiple DOFs. We describe how the transverse-spatial, spectral and polarization states of a single photon can be simultaneously teleported using a pair of multimode, polarization-entangled photons derived from spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Furthermore, when the initial photon pair is maximally entangled in the spatial, spectral, and polarization DOFs then the photon s full quantum state can be reliably teleported using a Bell-state measurement based on sum-frequency generation.
Microrobotic cell injection

Advances in microbiology demonstrate the need for manipulating individual biological cells, such as for cell injection which includes pronuclei injection and intracytoplasmic injection. Conventionally, cell injection has been conducted manually. In this paper, we present a microrobotic system capable of performing automatic embryo pronuclei DNA injection autonomously and semi-autonomously through a hybrid visual servoing control scheme. After injection, the DNA injected embryos were transferred into a pseudopregnant foster female mouse to reproduce transgenic mice for cancer studies. Experimental results show that the injection success rate was 100%. The system setup, hybrid control scheme and other important issues in this application, such as automatic focusing, are discussed.
Studies on the mechanism of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase.

DFT calculations support a concerted mechanism for xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase hydride displacement from the sp2 carbon of 6-substituted 4-quinazolinones. The variations in transition state structure show that C−O bond formation is nearly complete in the transition state and the transition state changes are anti-Hammond with the C−H and C−O bond lengths being more product-like for the faster reactions. The C−O bond length in the transition state is around 90% formed. However, the C−H bond is only about 80% broken. This leads to a very tetrahedral transition state with an O−C−N angle of 109°. Thus, while the mechanism is concerted, the antibonding orbital of the C−H bond that is broken is not directly attacked by the nucleophile and instead hydride displacement occurs after almost complete tetrahedral transition state formation. In support of this the C═N bond is lengthened in the transition state indicating that attack on the electrophilic carbon occurs by addition to the C═N bond with negative ...
cw laser compaction of aqueous-solution-deposited metal oxide films

Zirconium dioxide films were spin cast onto silica or silicon substrates from an aqueous solution comprised of the precursor metal nitrate and an organic complexant such as glycine. The hydrated films so derived consist of an amorphous organic phase in which the metal cations and nitrate anions are homogeneously dispersed. Heating to temperatures above 200 degrees C leads to film dehydration followed by an auto-catalyzed oxidation reaction whereby the bound nitrate oxidizes the organic matrix leaving behind an intact stoichiometric and crystalline metal oxide film. Films are characterized using AFM, XRD, and optical methods. Transformation processes in these films have been studied in detail by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry and laser induced fluorescence from films doped with a suitable rare earth probe ion such as Sm+3. In the latter case, the measured fluorescence emission spectra are used to identify the hydrated, dehydrated, amorphous and crystalline metal oxide phases which evolve during processing. These transformations also have been induced upon visible CW laser irradiation at fluences in excess of 1 MW/cm2. Under these conditions, the film dehydrates and compacts within the footprint of the incident laser beam rendering this region of the film water insoluble. Post irradiation washing of the film with water removes all vestiges of the film outside of the beam footprint suggesting a possible use of this technique for lithography applications. Films subjected to laser irradiation and post irradiation heating have been characterized with respect to thickness, phase composition, crystallite size and optical constants.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Stimulated Raman laser excitation of spontaneous resonance Raman scattering

The efficient conversion of the second and third harmonics of a Nd YAG laser to near UV radiation in the 395–500 nm range by stimulated Stokes (and anti-Stokes) Raman scattering (SRS) in a 1 m Raman oscillator containing compressed H2 or D2 is used as an excitation source for spontaneous resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS). SRS excited RR spectra are shown for the anion radical of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ).
Cultural barriers to mammography, clinical breast exam, and breast self-exam among Chinese-American women 60 and older.

Abstract Background: This study examined screening utilization at least once and regular adherence to mammography, clinical breast exam, and breast self-exam among older Chinese-American women. Method: One hundred women were recruited from senior centers in two metropolitan cities. Participants completed a questionnaire that included sections on demographics, health history, health insurance coverage, breast cancer screening, common and cultural barriers to screening, and acculturation. Results: Logistic regression models found insurance coverage for mammography and acculturation to be significant predictors of having had a mammogram at least once. Low perceived need/lack of physician recommendation and recency of physical examination were significant predictors of having had a mammogram in the past year. Acculturation and modesty were significant predictors of having had a clinical breast exam at least once, while recency of physical examination was a significant predictor of having had a clinical breast exam in the past year. Reliance on medial professionals for screening and forgetting were significant predictors of having performed breast self-exam at least once, and forgetting was a significant predictor of regular performance of breast self-exam. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both common and cultural barriers play a role in breast cancer screening among older Chinese-American women, with cultural factors being more influential in the initiation of cancer screening behavior.
Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. from poultry and dairy farms: detection of virulence and vancomycin resistance gene markers by PCR

Thirty multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. strains, including two from the milk of cows with mastitis, nine from chicken litter and 19 from turkey litter, were isolated. Twenty-five were identified by biochemical methods as E. gallinarum and five as E. faecalis. Most of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, bacitracin, kanamycin and nalidixic acid but sensitive to ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and ofloxacin. Attempts were made by partial amplification of the gene sequences to detect the vancomycin resistance markers vanA (734-bp), vanB (420-bp), vanC1 (531-bp), and vanC2-C3 (673-bp); virulence markers cylA (427-bp) and cylB (225-bp) for enterococcal cytolysin and a biofilm-forming surface protein (Esp). Individual and multiplex-PCR assays for vancomycin resistance markers revealed the vanC1 gene in 22 E. gallinarum strains. None of the remaining isolates including five E. faecalis strains (MIC=2 microg ml(-1)) and three E. gallinarum strains (MIC=8 microg ml(-1)) had any of the van genes tested. Analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and a comparison of smaI banding profiles showed 11 different patterns. Probing with a DIG-labeled vanC1 PCR product indicated a common 38.0 kb SmaI DNA fragment in all the E. gallinarum strains harboring the vanC1 gene. The genes cylA and cylB were detected only in one clinical E. gallinarum isolate and two quality control clinical strains of E. faecalis (ATCC 51299 and 29212). None of the virulence factors were found in milk or poultry isolates. Intermediate level resistance to vancomycin in enterococci from the US animal farms was predominantly due to the presence of vanC1 gene.
Effects of Cooling Rate on Transformations in a Fe-9 Pct Ni Steel

The transformations of a high-strength 9Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel were characterized as a function of cooling rate by dilatometry, microhardness measurements, and microstructural characterization. The results demonstrate that this steel is extremely insensitive to changes in cooling rate, generating a duplex microstructure of coarse autotempered martensite within a matrix of fine lath martensite at nearly all cooling rates. The coarse autotempered martensite is observed even at very slow cooling rates, although the lath martensite becomes replaced by lath (or bainitic) ferrite.