cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Disengagement Buffers Self-Esteem From Negative Social Feedback:

The degree to which self-esteem hinges on feedback in a domain is known as a contingency of self-worth, or engagement. Although previous research has conceptualized engagement as stable, it would be advantageous for individuals to dynamically regulate engagement. The current research examined whether the tendency to disengage from negative feedback accounts for variability in self-esteem. We created the Adaptive Disengagement Scale (ADS) to capture individual differences in the tendency to disengage self-esteem from negative outcomes. Results demonstrated that the ADS is reliable and valid (Studies 1 and 2). Furthermore, in response to negative social feedback, higher scores on the ADS predicted greater state self-esteem (Study 3), and this relationship was mediated by disengagement (Study 4). These findings demonstrate that adaptive disengagement protects self-esteem from negative outcomes and that the ADS is a valid measure of individual differences in the implementation of this process.
Tuning Microtubule-Based Transport Through Filamentous MAPs: The Problem of Dynein

affects dynein-based transport. We show that tau’s regulation of kinesin function can proceed without interfering with dynein-based transport. Surprisingly, at extremely high tau levels – where kinesin cannot bind microtubules (MTs) – dynein can still contact MTs. The difference between tau’s effects on kinesin- and dyneinbased motility suggests that tau can be used to tune relative amounts of plus-end and minus-end-directed transport. As in the case of kinesin, we find that the 3RS isoform of tau is a more potent inhibitor of dynein binding to MTs. We show that this isoform-specific effect is not because of steric interference of tau’s projection domains but rather because of tau’s interactions with the motor at the MT surface. Nonetheless, we do observe a modest steric interference effect of tau away from the MT and discuss the potential implications of this for molecular motor structure.
Improving Robustness by Modeling Spontaneous Speech Events

In spontaneous speech, speakers segment their speech into intonational phrases, and make repairs to what they are saying. However, techniques for understanding spontaneous speech tend to treat these events as noise, in the same manner as they handle out-of-grammar constructions and mis-recognitions. In our approach, we advocate that these events should be explicitly modeled, and that they must be resolved early in the processing stream. We put forward a statistical language model, which can be used during speech recognition, that models these events. This not only improves speech recognition perplexity and POS tagging, but also results in much richer output from the recognizer, with speech repairs resolved and intonational phrase boundaries identified. Syntactic and semantic processing can thus focus on dealing with out-of-grammar constructions and misrecognitions.
A Bayesian meta-analysis on published sample mean and variance pharmacokinetic data with application to drug-drug interaction prediction

In drug-drug interaction (DDI) research, a two-drug interaction is usually predicted by individual drug pharmacokinetics (PK). Although subject-specific drug concentration data from clinical PK studies on inhibitor or inducer and substrate PK are not usually published, sample mean plasma drug concentrations and their standard deviations have been routinely reported. Hence there is a great need for meta-analysis and DDI prediction using such summarized PK data. In this study, an innovative DDI prediction method based on a three-level hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis model is developed. The three levels model sample means and variances, between-study variances, and prior distributions. Through a ketoconazle-midazolam example and simulations, we demonstrate that our meta-analysis model can not only estimate PK parameters with small bias but also recover their between-study and between-subject variances well. More importantly, the posterior distributions of PK parameters and their variance components allow us to predict DDI at both population-average and study-specific levels. We are also able to predict the DDI between-subject/study variance. These statistical predictions have never been investigated in DDI research. Our simulation studies show that our meta-analysis approach has small bias in PK parameter estimates and DDI predictions. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the influences of interaction PK parameters, such as the inhibition constant Ki, on the DDI prediction.
Applications of the causality condition to one-dimensional acoustic reflection problems.

The causality condition is examined as a means of determining frequency-domain information about a submerged object from a partial knowledge of its acoustic reflection characteristics. A one-dimensional problem is considered in which an acoustic wave reflects from an object that is described by the impedance it presents to the fluid. Two new applications of the causality condition to the frequency-domain analysis of this problem are investigated and illustrated by numerical examples. In each application, the causality condition is used to find the object’s complex impedance from a knowledge of the reflected wave’s magnitude. The first application is to experimental studies where one desires a knowledge of an object’s complex impedance but practical limitations only allow a measurement of the reflected wave amplitude. Analysis shows that the causality condition may be used to determine the phase of the reflected wave, and hence the object’s impedance, if the reflection coefficient is minimum phase. When this is true, examples suggest that the phase of the reflection coefficient may be accurately determined from the causality condition even in the presence of noise and band-limited data. The second application is to design situations, where one wishes to create an object that reflects sound with a specified frequency-dependent magnitude. The causality condition may aid the designer by providing a knowledge of all causal object impedances that produce the same reflection coefficient magnitude. A numerical example is presented in which a variety of causal object impedances produce the same reflection coefficient magnitude over an infinite frequency range.
A Practice-Based Statement of Cash Flows Learning Experience: An Initial Public Offering for Contempri Homes?

ABSTRACT: This case presents intermediate-level accounting and finance students with the task of constructing a U.S. GAAP-based statement of cash flows and performing financial and non-financial analysis to inform a decision about whether a company—Contempri Homes—should undertake an IPO. Students use a rich data set of recent financial statements, financial disclosures, and financial and operating data to prepare the company's statement of cash flows, conduct analysis, and make written recommendations regarding the proposed IPO. Case learning objectives include (1) simulation of accounting practice in a realistic setting, (2) development of a holistic view of the financial statements, (3) practice in cash flows financial reporting and analysis, and (4) practice in analyzing financial and non-financial factors for decision making. The case is designed specifically for the second intermediate financial accounting course and is well suited for use in other intermediate- or advanced-level financial accountin...
Comparison of Peanut Yield, Quality, and Net Returns Between Nonirrigated and Irrigated Production

Abstract Peanut yield, quality, and net return to irrigation were analyzed from commercial peanut fields in the southeastern U.S. during the 1987 through 1994 crop years. The average amount of irrigation water applied ranged from 2.51 to 28.22 cm/ha. Yields in the irrigated peanut fields averaged 569 kg/ha higher than in the nonirrigated fields. Means for farmer stock grade, jumbo shelling outturn, and seed germination also were significantly higher in the irrigated fields. Conversely, aflatoxin contamination was 140 ppb lower in the nonedible oil stock category from the irrigated fields. Yearly comparisons were made to examine significant differences in irrigation associated peanut yield and quality changes in individual crop years as well as across year comparisons for nonirrigated and irrigated practices. The net return for irrigation was examined at the quota support price, weighted average farmer stock price, and contract additional price. Average net return over total irrigation cost were $236.99, $...
Critical roles of Bim in T cell activation and T cell–mediated autoimmune inflammation in mice

Bim, the B cell lymphoma 2–interacting (Bcl2-interacting) mediator, maintains immunological tolerance by deleting autoreactive lymphocytes through apoptosis. We report here that Bim is also, paradoxically, required for the activation of autoreactive T cells. Deletion of Bim in hematopoietic cells rendered mice resistant to autoimmune encephalomyelitis and diabetes, and Bim-deficient T cells had diminished cytokine production. Upon T cell receptor activation, Bim-deficient T cells exhibited severe defects in both calcium release and dephosphorylation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) but maintained normal levels of activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. The defective calcium signaling in Bim-deficient T cells was associated with a significant increase in the formation of an inhibitory complex containing Bcl2 and the inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R). Thus, in addition to mediating the death of autoreactive T cells, Bim also controlled T cell activation through the IP3R/calcium/NFAT pathway. These results indicate that a single protein is used to control both the activation and apoptosis of autoreactive T cells and may explain why Bim-deficient mice do not reject their own organs despite lacking thymic negative selection.
Intermodal perception of affect in persons with autism or Down syndrome

Persons with autism (n = 28) or Down syndrome (n = 30) took part in a study of the ability to detect intermodal correspondence between facial and vocal/linguistic information for affect. Participants viewed 24 split-screen images of an individual talking and displaying a different affect on each side of the display (happy, sad, angry, surprised, or neutral). The vocal track, matching one affect (i.e., one side of the split-screen) but not the other, was played from a central speaker. Subjects were asked to point to the side matching the vocal track. The vocal track was desynchronized with both sides, so that rhythmic synchrony was greatly reduced and subjects must use affect to make their choices. In the first control condition, rhythmic synchrony information was restored. In a second control condition, inanimate objects and their sounds were presented. In the experimental condition, when verbal mental age and IQ were taken into account, the autism group performed more poorly than did the Down syndrome group in detecting intermodal correspondence of face and voice. When rhythmic synchrony information was available, both groups' performances improved, with the Down syndrome group performing slightly better than the group with autism. There were no group differences in the condition using inanimate objects. Results suggest that persons with autism may have difficulty detecting intermodal correspondence of facial and vocal/linguistic affect.
Distribution of RuBisCO Genotypes along a Redox Gradient in Mono Lake, California.

Partial sequences of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) (EC 4.1.1.39) genes were retrieved from samples taken along a redox gradient in alkaline, hypersaline Mono Lake, Calif. The form I gene (cbbL) was found in all samples, whereas form II (cbbM) was not retrieved from any of the samples. None of the RuBisCO sequences we obtained were closely related (nucleotide similarity, <90%) to sequences in the database. Some could be attributed to organisms isolated from the lake (Cyanobium) or appearing in enrichment cultures. Most (52%) of the sequences fell into in one clade, containing sequences that were identical to sequences retrieved from an enrichment culture grown with nitrate and sulfide, and another clade contained sequences identical to those retrieved from an arsenate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing enrichment.
Wellness Counseling: The Evidence Base for Practice

Wellness conceptualized as the paradigm for counseling provides strength-based strategies for assessing clients, conceptualizing issues developmentally, and planning interventions to remediate dysfunction and optimize growth. Wellness counseling models have stimulated significant research that helps to form the evidence base for practice in the counseling field. The development of these models is explained, results of studies using the models are reviewed, and implications for research needed to further inform clinical practice and advocacy efforts are discussed.
Impact of a standardized heart failure order set on mortality, readmission, and quality and costs of care

Objective To determine the impact of a standardized heart failure order set on mortality, readmission, and quality and costs of care. Design Observational study. Setting Eight acute care hospitals and two specialty heart hospitals. Participants All adults (>18 years) discharged from one of the included hospitals between December 2007 and March 2009 with a diagnosis of heart failure, who had not undergone heart transplant, did not have a left ventricular assistive device, and with a length of stay of 120 or less days. Interventions A standardized heart failure order set was developed internally, with content driven by the prevailing American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association clinical practice guidelines, and deployed systemwide via an intranet physician portal. Main Outcome Measures Publicly reported process of care measures, in-patient mortality, 30-day mortality, 30-day readmission, length of stay, and direct cost of care were compared for heart failure patients treated with and without the order set. Results Order set used reached 73.1% in March 2009. After propensity score adjustment, order set use was associated with significantly increased core measures compliance [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.51(1.08; 2.12)] and reduced in-patient mortality [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.49(0.28; 0.88)]. Reductions in 30-day mortality and readmission approached significance. Direct cost for initial admissions alone and in combination with readmissions were significantly lower with order set use. Conclusions Implementing an evidence-based standardized order set may help improve outcomes, reduce costs of care and increase adherence to evidence-based processes of care.
The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in 3 US communities.

Introduction We estimated the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in 3 large geographic areas in the southern, middle, and northern United States. Methods The primary data source was medical records from office visits to private neurologists' practices or to neurology departments in tertiary care facilities during a 3-year period. Additional data sources included patient advocacy groups, nursing homes, and general practitioners. Results Three-year US age-adjusted prevalence estimates for the study areas varied substantially. The prevalence was lowest (47.2 per 100,000 population) in the Texas study area (33 degrees 30' north latitude), intermediate (86.3 per 100,000 population) in the Missouri study area (39 degrees 07' north latitude), and highest (109.5 per 100,000 population) in the Ohio study area (41 degrees 24' north latitude). The geographic differences remained strong after age-adjustment to the world standard population. The inverse association between UV light exposure and MS prevalence estimates was consistent with this observed latitude gradient. In all 3 areas, MS prevalence was highest among women, people aged 40 to 59 years, and non-Hispanics. Conclusion These results provide necessary prevalence estimates for community cluster investigations and establish baseline estimates for future studies to evaluate temporal trends in disease prevalence.
Chemical characterisation of pasture- and grain-fed beef related to meat quality and flavour attributes

Summary This study examined pasture (PF) and grain feeding (GF) effects on meat quality and nutritional attributes, and correlated sensory attributes with cooked meat volatiles. GF rib steaks had higher fat content (P < 0.05), and were lighter, redder and more yellow (P < 0.05). PF beef contained more (P < 0.05) omega-3 fatty acids, despite having lower fat content. PF beef had higher antioxidant capacity, and lower oxidation indices (P < 0.05). Diets influenced the volatile profile of cooked meat. Flavour descriptors barny, gamey and grassy were associated with PF, and were uniquely shown here to be positively correlated with aroma volatiles benzaldehyde, toluene, dimethyl sulfone, 3-heptanone, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (P < 0.05). GF beef had higher (P < 0.05) levels of hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 2,3-octandione, and 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-ethyl-phenol, uniquely associated with umami and juicy flavours. The main positive nutritional attribute of PF beef was its low fat content.
Tumor necrosis factor in the heart

The heart is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-producing organ. Both myocardial macrophages and cardiac myocytes themselves synthesize TNF. Accumulating evidence indicates that myocardial TNF is an autocrine contributor to myocardial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death in ischemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis, chronic heart failure, viral myocarditis, and cardiac allograft rejection. Indeed, locally (vs. systemically) produced TNF contributes to postischemic myocardial dysfunction via direct depression of contractility and induction of myocyte apoptosis. Lipopolysaccharide or ischemia-reperfusion activates myocardial P38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and nuclear factor kappa B, which lead to TNF production. TNF depresses myocardial function by nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and NO-independent (sphingosine dependent) mechanisms. TNF activation of TNF receptor 1 or Fas may induce cardiac myocyte apoptosis. MAP kinases and TNF transcription factors are feasible targets for anti-TNF (i.e., cardioprotective) strategies. Endogenous anti-inflammatory ligands, which trigger the gp130 signaling cascade, heat shock proteins, and TNF-binding proteins, also control TNF production and activity. Thus modulation of TNF in cardiovascular disease represents a realistic goal for clinical medicine.
Molecular and Structural Analysis of the Helicobacter pylori cag Type IV Secretion System Core Complex

ABSTRACT Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) can function to export or import DNA, and can deliver effector proteins into a wide range of target cells. Relatively little is known about the structural organization of T4SSs that secrete effector proteins. In this report, we describe the isolation and analysis of a membrane-spanning core complex from the Helicobacter pyloricag T4SS, which has an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. We show that this complex contains five H. pylori proteins, CagM, CagT, Cag3, CagX, and CagY, each of which is required for cag T4SS activity. CagX and CagY are orthologous to the VirB9 and VirB10 components of T4SSs in other bacterial species, and the other three Cag proteins are unique to H. pylori. Negative stain single-particle electron microscopy revealed complexes 41 nm in diameter, characterized by a 19-nm-diameter central ring linked to an outer ring by spoke-like linkers. Incomplete complexes formed by Δcag3 or ΔcagT mutants retain the 19-nm-diameter ring but lack an organized outer ring. Immunogold labeling studies confirm that Cag3 is a peripheral component of the complex. The cag T4SS core complex has an overall diameter and structural organization that differ considerably from the corresponding features of conjugative T4SSs. These results highlight specialized features of the H. pylori cag T4SS that are optimized for function in the human gastric mucosal environment. IMPORTANCE Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile macromolecular machines that are present in many bacterial species. In this study, we investigated a T4SS found in the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori is an important cause of stomach cancer, and the H. pylori T4SS contributes to cancer pathogenesis by mediating entry of CagA (an effector protein regarded as a “bacterial oncoprotein”) into gastric epithelial cells. We isolated and analyzed the membrane-spanning core complex of the H. pylori T4SS and showed that it contains unique proteins unrelated to components of T4SSs in other bacterial species. These results constitute the first structural analysis of the core complex from this important secretion system.
Interval timing, temporal averaging, and cue integration.

In a series of recent experiments, we found that if rats are presented with two temporal cues, each signifying that reward will be delivered after a different duration elapses (e.g., tone-10 s/light-20 s), they will behave as if they have computed a weighted average of their respective durations. In the current article, we argue that this effect, referred to as ‘temporal averaging’, can be understood within the context of Bayesian Decision Theory. Specifically, we propose and provide preliminary data showing that, when averaging, rats weight different durations based on the relative variability of the information their respective cues provide.
EVALUATION OF STUDIO EXPERIENCES IN THE LIVELY ARTS

The humanities distill what is most valuable in human experience—feeling and form, outer style and inner cultivation. The present study proposed a 10-item rating scale to measure the instructional objectives associated with studio experiences.
A Stationary Cold-Vapor Technique for the Determination of Submicrogram Amounts of Mercury in Biological Tissues by Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

A procedure is provided for the determination of mercury in animal tissue using a single unit stationary cold-vapor generator utilizing atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The entire reduction-absorption cell is fitted to the burner mount on the instrument. Sample digests are introduced into the sample compartment along with reductant, and background corrected absorbance is measured after three minutes of sample-reductant mixing. The method is sensitive to 2 ng Hg (0.50 ng/mL Hg at 0.0044 absorbance units), which corresponds to 25 ng Hg per gram wet tissue using the prescribed digestion procedure. Reproducibility and accuracy are comparable to conventional cold-vapor techniques and the fact that relatively small sample aliquots (4.0 mL) are used for analysis provides for multideterminations of Hg in a single tissue digest; this is not ordinarily possible using conventional cold-vapor methods. A total of 15 digested tissue sample can be analyzed per hour. The method is proposed as an alterative to presently used cold-vapor Hg techniques.
Ventriculostomy-Related Infections

Abstract We conducted a prospective epidemiologic study of ventriculostomy-related infections (ventriculitis or meningitis) in 172 consecutive neurosurgical patients over a two-year period to determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of the infections. Ventriculitis or meningitis developed in 19 of 172 patients (11 per cent) undergoing a total of 213 ventriculostomies. When data from all these cases plus five cases of nonventriculostomy-related infection were combined, cerebrospinal-fluid pleocytosis was more significantly associated with the diagnosis of ventriculitis or meningitis (P<0.0001) than were fever and leukocytosis (P = 0.07). Risk factors for ventriculostomy-related infections included intracerebral hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage (P = 0.027), neurosurgical operations (P = 0.016), intracranial pressure of 20 mm Hg or more (P = 0.019), ventricular catheterization for more than five days (P = 0.017), and irrigation of the system (P = 0.021). Previous ventric...
Feeding periodicity, diet composition, and food consumption of subyearling rainbow trout in winter

Although winter is a critically important period for stream salmonids, aspects of the ecology of several species are poorly understood. Consequently, we examined the diel feeding ecology of subyearling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during winter in a central New York stream. Rainbow trout diet was significantly different during each 4-h interval and also differed from the drift and benthos. Feeding was significantly greater during darkness (i.e. 20:00 h – 04:00 h) than during daylight hours (i.e. 08:00 h – 16:00 h), peaking at 20:00 h. Daily food consumption (1.9 mg) and daily ration (3.4 %) during winter were substantially lower than previously reported for subyearling rainbow trout in the same stream during summer. These findings provide important new insights into the winter feeding ecology of juvenile rainbow trout in streams.
Role and potential of a trusted vendor certification program to foster adoption of unassisted off-hour deliveries

Abstract The paper describes the research conducted by the authors regarding the willingness of receivers of supplies to accept unassisted off-hour deliveries (UOHD)—deliveries made during the off-hours without staff from the receiving establishment present at the time of delivery—from vendors certified by a Trusted Vendor Certification Program (TVCP). The main intent of the TVCP is to certify vendors as worthy of trust to conduct UOHD in a way that is both community friendly and that does not put the receiving establishment at risk. To this effect, the authors collected attitudinal data from a sample of 450 receivers from two different metropolitan areas, who were asked whether or not they would be inclined to accept UOHD if the vendors are certified as “trusted vendor” by a TVCP. The paper conducts descriptive analyses of the data and estimates behavioral models to gain insight into the industry sectors and establishment types that are the most inclined to accept UOHD if a TVCP program is created.
Predatory Bacteria Attenuate Klebsiella pneumoniae Burden in Rat Lungs

ABSTRACT Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus are predatory bacteria that naturally—and obligately—prey on other Gram-negative bacteria, and their use has been proposed as a potential new approach to control microbial infection. The ability of predatory bacteria to prey on Gram-negative human pathogens in vitro is well documented; however, the in vivo safety and efficacy of predatory bacteria have yet to be fully assessed. In this study, we examined whether predatory bacteria can reduce bacterial burden in the lungs in an in vivo mammalian system. Initial safety studies were performed by intranasal inoculation of rats with predatory bacteria. No adverse effects or lung pathology were observed in rats exposed to high concentrations of predatory bacteria at up to 10 days postinoculation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the immune response revealed a slight increase in inflammatory cytokine levels at 1 h postinoculation that was not sustained by 48 h. Additionally, dissemination experiments showed that predators were efficiently cleared from the host by 10 days postinoculation. To measure the ability of predatory bacteria to reduce microbial burden in vivo, we introduced sublethal concentrations of Klebsiella pneumoniae into the lungs of rats via intranasal inoculation and followed with multiple doses of predatory bacteria over 24 h. Predatory bacteria were able to reduce K. pneumoniae bacterial burden, on average, by more than 3.0 log10 in the lungs of most rats as measured by CFU plating. The work presented here provides further support for the idea of developing predatory bacteria as a novel biocontrol agent. IMPORTANCE A widely held notion is that antibiotics are the greatest medical advance of the last 50 years. However, the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections has become a global health crisis over the last decade. As we enter the postantibiotic era, it is crucial that we begin to develop new strategies to combat bacterial infection. Here, we report one such new approach: the use of predatory bacteria (Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus) that naturally—and obligately—prey on other Gram-negative bacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrated the ability of predatory bacteria to attenuate the bacterial burden of a key human pathogen in an in vivo mammalian system. As the prevalence of MDR infections continues to rise each year, our results may represent a shift in how we approach treating microbial infections in the future.
An Interview with Jerod Loeb

Having a chronic disease has enriched Dr Loeb's understanding of the meaning of patient-centered care: "It's fine being a health care consumer when you're well. However, when you become ill, you become a patient, which is much different".
Genetic Correlates of Spirituality/Religion and Depression: A Study in Offspring and Grandchildren at High and Low Familial Risk for Depression.

Rationale Possible genetic correlates of spirituality and depression have been identified in community samples. We investigate some of the previously identified candidates in a sample of families at both high and low-risk for depression. Method Offspring and grandchildren of individuals at high and low-risk for depression, participating in a multi-wave thirty-year longitudinal study, were assessed for seven SNPS drawn from four single gene candidates associated with systems implicated in both depression and spirituality: Serotonin (5-HT1B and 5-HT2A), Dopamine (DRD2), Oxytocin (OT) and Monoamine Vesicular Transporter (VMAT1). Results Dopamine (DRD2) Serotonin (5-HT1B), their Transporter (VMAT1) and Oxytocin (OXTR) were positively associated with a high level of importance of spirituality or religion (S/R) in the group at low familial risk for depression. DRD2 minor allele was associated with both lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) and spirituality in the low-risk group for depression. No SNPs were related to S/R in the group at high familial risk for depression. OXTR was associated with lifetime MDD in the full sample. Conclusion Genes for dopamine, serotonin, their vesicular transporter, and oxytocin may be associated with S/R in people at low familial risk for depression. Genes for dopamine may be associated both with S/R and increased risk for depression in people at low-risk for depression, suggesting a common pathway or physiology to mild to moderate depression. MDD is associated with oxytocin across risk groups. In the high-risk group, phenotypic expression of S/R may be suppressed. Implications The shared association of DRD2 by S/R and depression, generally found to be inversely related, calls for further research on their common physiological pathways, and the phenotypic expression of these pathways based upon use and environment. Prevention for offspring at high familial risk for depression might include support for the development of child spirituality.
Hearing All American Voices: Interpreting the Little Bighorn

The true nature of the events of June 25, 1876, continues to elude us. To this day Custer buffs, Native Americans, and professional historians alike debate what actually transpired beside a certain Montana river which witnessed so much bloodshed and so little clarity. Was it a horrible massacre, or a great victory? As a multi-racial and multi-ethnic nation, we have failed to reach any consensus. We cannot even agree if that meandering river should be called the Greasy Grass or the little Bighorn.
PAK4 crystal structures suggest unusual kinase conformational movements.

Abstract In order for protein kinases to exchange nucleotide they must open and close their catalytic cleft. These motions are associated with rotations of the N-lobe, predominantly around the ‘hinge region’. We conducted an analysis of 28 crystal structures of the serine-threonine kinase, p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), including three newly determined structures in complex with staurosporine, FRAX486, and fasudil (HA-1077). We find an unusual motion between the N-lobe and C-lobe of PAK4 that manifests as a partial unwinding of helix αC. Principal component analysis of the crystal structures rationalizes these movements into three major states, and analysis of the kinase hydrophobic spines indicates concerted movements that create an accessible back pocket cavity. The conformational changes that we observe for PAK4 differ from previous descriptions of kinase motions, and although we observe these differences in crystal structures there is the possibility that the movements observed may suggest a diversity of kinase conformational changes associated with regulation. Author summary Protein kinases are key signaling proteins, and are important drug targets, therefore understanding their regulation is important for both basic research and clinical points of view. In this study, we observe unusual conformational ‘hinging’ for protein kinases. Hinging, the opening and closing of the kinase sub-domains to allow nucleotide binding and release, is critical for proper kinase regulation and for targeted drug discovery. We determine new crystal structures of PAK4, an important Rho-effector kinase, and conduct analyses of these and previously determined structures. We find that PAK4 crystal structures can be classified into specific conformational groups, and that these groups are associated with previously unobserved hinging motions and an unusual conformation for the kinase hydrophobic core. Our findings therefore indicate that there may be a diversity of kinase hinging motions, and that these may indicate different mechanisms of regulation.
Blind deconvolution model in periodic setting with fractional Gaussian noise

We consider the problem of estimating the response function in a deconvolution model under fractional Gaussian noise and noisy kernel. A preliminary threshold is used to stabilize the inversion. Ou...
Inpatient Consultation and Liaison

The contribution of psychological and psychiatric consultation is increasingly recognized as an essential component of comprehensive pediatric health care (Lewis, 1991; Roberts, 1986; Stabler, 1988). Moreover, there has been a realization that psychosocial factors play a significant role in the process and outcome of physical illness and trauma (Lewis, 1991). Consultants collaborate with other health care professionals to directly address the psychological needs and issues of the physically ill. The liaison component of the consultant’s role is to advise and educate other medical personnel about psychosocial and psychiatric issues (Lewis, 1991; Roberts, 1986; Stabler, 1988).
Do illness rating systems predict discharge location, length of stay, and cost after total hip arthroplasty?

Abstract Background As procedure rates and expenditures for total hip arthroplasty (THA) rise, hospitals are developing models to predict discharge location, a major determinant of total cost. The predictive value of existing illness rating systems such as the American Society for Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Classification System, Severity of Illness (SOI) scoring system, or Mallampati (MP) rating scale on discharge location remains unclear. This study explored the predictive role of ASA, SOI, and MP scores on discharge location, lengths of stay, and total costs for THA patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing elective primary or revision THA was conducted at a single institution. Multivariable regressions were utilized to assess the significant predictive factors for lengths of stay, total costs, and discharge to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), rehabilitation centers, and home. Controls included demographic factors, insurance coverage, and the type of procedure. Results ASA scores ≥3 are the only significant predictors of discharge to SNFs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69, confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-2.74) and home (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.34-0.98). Medicaid coverage (OR = 2.61, CI = 1.37-4.96) and African-American race (OR = 2.60, CI = 1.59-4.25) were additional significant predictors of discharge to SNF. SOI scores are the only significant predictors of length of stay (β = 1.36 days, CI = 0.53-2.19) and total cost for an episode (β = $6,234, CI = $3577-$8891). MP scores possess limited predictive power over lengths of stay only. Conclusions These findings suggest that although ASA classifications predict discharge location and SOI scores predict length of stay and total costs, other factors beyond illness rating systems remain stronger predictors of discharge for THA patients.
Extension des scalaires par le morphisme de Frobenius, pour les groupes réductifs

Resume Soit G un groupe reductif sur un corps k de caracteristique p > 0 . Pour n un entier ⩾0 et q : = p n , notons G { n } le groupe reductif sur k deduit de G par l'extension des scalaires x ⟼ x q : k ⟶ k . Si k est parfait, cette definition garde un sens pour tout entier n. Nous montrons que, si k est parfait, il existe m > 0 tel que les groupes algebriques G et G { m } soient isomorphes. La classe d'isomorphie de G { n } , comme groupe reductif sur k, ne depend alors que de n modulo m. Dans le cas general, nous montrons qu'une telle periodicite reste vraie pour n assez grand.
VAPOR PRESSURE OF LIQUID COPPER AND ACTIVITIES IN LIQUID Fe-Cu ALLOYS

The carrier gas method was used to measure the vapor pressure of copper over liquid copper and Fe-Cu alloys. From these results, the activity of copper in the alloys was determined at 1466°, 1550°, and 1600°C Calculations of the activity of iron were made from the results for copper. The activities of copper and iron show strong positive deviations from Raoult’s law.
To screen or not to screen: the issue of breast cancer screening in older women.

Introduction The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that women aged 50-69 receive timely breast cancer screening, but does not make a recommendation for women aged 70 and older. Our purpose is to assess the relationship between age and breast cancer screening trends, and to consider the issue of breast cancer screening of women 70 years of age and older in light of demographics, disease burden, life expectancy, and activity level. Methods Data were analyzed from the state-based Behvioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on breast cancer screening practices and activity limitation status of women 50 and older. Results The percentage of women who reported receiving mammography and clinical breast examination within two years was lower among older women compared with younger women, and the gap has widened over time. In 1991-92, 61.4% of women 50-69 received screening within two years, compared to 49.5% of women 70 and above, while in 1997-98, the percentages were 71.1 and 56.7, respectively. Among both age groups and in both time periods, those unable to perform a major activity of daily living were less likely to report receiving mammography within two years than those with no limitation, and the gap was much wider in the elderly. Most (62.7%) women 70 and older reported having no activity limitation; only 5.5% reported being unable to perform a major activity. Discussion These results suggest that elderly women are less likely than younger women to receive timely breast cancer screening. The USPSTF does not recommend continued screening in elderly women because most studies of breast cancer efficacy included inadequate numbers of these women. Few, if any, studies have yielded evidence that screening is ineffective in women 70 and over. Given the higher breast cancer incidence and mortality seen in elderly women, as well as the increased life expectancy with little or no activity limitation seen among today's elderly, consideration should be given to including elderly women in the recommendation to receive timely breast cancer screening. Since surgical and adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in older women has less complications than therapy for other cancers of the elderly, the cost-benefit ratio for breast cancer screening in this age group may prove to be more promising.
Emergent Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repairs.

Abstract Background Emergent repairs of incarcerated and strangulated ventral hernia repairs (VHR) are associated with higher perioperative morbidity and mortality than those repaired electively. Despite increasing utilization of minimally invasive techniques in elective repairs, the role for laparoscopy in emergent VHR is not well defined, and its feasibility has been demonstrated only in single center studies. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2009-2016) was queried for emergent VHR. Laparoscopic and open techniques were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 11,075 patients who underwent emergent ventral and incisional hernia repairs were identified: 85.5% open ventral hernia repair (OVHR), 14.5% laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR). Patients who underwent emergent OVHRs were older, more comorbid, and more likely to be septic at the time of surgery than those undergoing emergent LVHRs. Emergent OVHR patients were more likely to have minor complications (22.1% versus 11.0%; OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.069-2.834). After controlling for confounding variables, LVHR and OVHR had similar outcomes, with the exception of higher rates of superficial surgical site infection in OVHR (5.0% versus 1.8%; odd's ratio (OR) 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.176-6.138). Following multivariate analysis, laparoscopic approach demonstrated similar outcomes in major complications, reoperation, and 30-d mortality compared to open repairs. However, when controlling for other confounding factors, LVHR had reduced length of stay compared to OVHR (6.7 versus 4.0 d; 1.6 d longer, standard error 0.77, P Conclusions Emergent LVHR is associated with fewer superficial surgical site infection and shorter length of stay than OVHR but no difference in major complications, reoperation or 30-d mortality is associated with LVHR in the emergency setting.
An interactive platform for the analysis of landscape patterns: a cloud-based parallel approach

Understanding spatial and temporal characteristics of landscape patterns is critical in ecology, since human interactions with their natural environment can significantly impact ecological processe...
Writing for Local Government Schools: Authors and Themes in Song-dynasty School Inscriptions

A hallmark of the Song dynasty's achievements was the creation of a national network of state-sponsored local schools. This engendered an exponential growth of commemorative inscriptions dedicated to local government schools. Many authors used these inscriptions as an avenue to expound and disseminate their visions of schools and education. Using the methods of network analysis and document clustering, this article analyzes all the inscriptions extant from Song times for local government schools. It reveals a structural schism in the diffusion of ideas between the Upper Yangzi and other regions of the Song. It also demonstrates the growing intellectual influence of Neo-Confucian ideologues that gradually overtook that of renowned prose-writers. Methodologically, this article provides an example of how diverse digital methods enable us to handle a large body of texts from multiple perspectives and invite us to explore connections we might not have otherwise thought of.
Providing Inpatient Mobilization with a Mobility Technician Constrains Cost in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

Since the 2016 implementation of the comprehensive care for joint replacement (CJR) bundled payment model, our institutions have sought to decrease inpatient physical therapy (PT) costs by piloting a mobility technician program (MTP), where mobility technicians (MTs) ambulate postoperative total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients under the supervision of nursing staff members. MTs are certified medical assistants given specialized gate and ambulation training by the PT department. The aim of this study was to examine the economic and clinical impact of MTs on the primary TKA postoperative pathway. We performed a retrospective review of TKA patients who underwent surgery at our institution between April 2018 and March 2019 and who were postoperatively ambulated by MTs. The control group included patients who had surgery during the same months of the prior year, preceding introduction of MTs to the floor. Inclusion criteria included: unilateral primary TKA for arthritic conditions and conversion to unilateral primary TKA from a previous knee surgery. Minitab Software (State College, PA) was used to perform the statistical analysis. There were 658 patients enrolled in the study group and 1,400 in the control group. The two groups shared similar demographics and an average age of 68 (p = 0.177). The median length of stay (LOS) was 2 days in both groups (p = 0.133) with 90.5% of patients in the study group discharged to home versus 81.5% of patients in the control group (p
Abstract 27: Opioid Use Strongly Increases Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Analysis of 3.4 Million Admissions

Background: The relationship of opioid use with the incidence of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and subsequent complications remains poorly understood. However, both opioid use and AIS have been indep...
The Impact of Transaction Structure, Interfirm Synergies, and Motives on Performance of Interfirm Transactions in the Pharmaceutical Industry

ABSTRACTThis study draws on transaction cost, resource dependence, and organizational learning theories to posit relationships between transaction performance and transaction structure, interfirm synergies, and motives. The study involves analysis of 66 international and intra-national transactions (alliances and acquisitions) that were undertaken in the pharmaceutical industry. An initial survey was administered to firms involved in these transactions to gather information regarding motives, transaction structure, and interorganizational synergies. A second survey was administered two years after the transaction to gather information on transaction performance. Findings support the importance of transaction structure and strategic synergies between firms. Specifically, transaction structure and high levels of strategic fit between the firms had a positive impact on performance. There is also some evidence that synergies must be linked to the motives driving the transaction. The study yields meaningful re...