cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An atlas of paste fabrics and supplemental paste compositional data from late middle preclassic-period ceramics at the Maya site of Holtun, Guatemala

This data article contains an atlas of paste fabrics and supplemental paste compositional data generated from Late Middle Preclassic-period ceramics at the Maya site of Holtun, Guatemala. The data include maps showing locations of archeological contexts, excavation profiles, photographs and photomicrographs of sherds and paste fabrics, and compositional data produced by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) at the Research Reactor, University of Missouri (MURR). The NAA data include a biplot and table of canonical discriminant analyses, Mahalonobis distance calculations, and Euclidian distance searches between the samples.
Amenorrea premenárquica síndrome de gonadas rudimentarias

Vamos a tratar hoy del tema de la amenorrea inicial, es decir, de la amenorrea en la mujer que nunca ha tenido reglas. No soy partidario de la conocida clasificacion de amenorreas primarias y secundarias, porque me parece que se presta a ambiguedades, y unos la toman en el sentido cronologico para determinar que la amenorrea primaria es la de la mujer que nunca ha tenido reglas, y la secundaria es la de la mujer que ha tenido reglas y deja de tenerlas, y otros la toman en sentido etiologico para expresar que la primaria es cuando la deficiencia es primitiva del ovario, y la secundaria es por causas extra-ovaricas. Por esta razon he creado los terminos de amenorrea premenarquica y amenorrea post-menarquica. que se definen por si solos.
Marijuana Use Impacts Midlife Cardiovascular Events in HIV-Infected Men

Background Marijuana use is prevalent among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but its long-term effects on HIV disease progression and comorbidities are unknown. Methods In this prospective study of 558 HIV-infected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study between 1990 and 2010, there were 182 HIV seroconverters and 376 with viral suppression on combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Associations between heavy marijuana use and HIV disease markers or white blood cell (WBC) count were examined using mixed-effects and linear regression models. Effects of marijuana use on cardiovascular (CV) events and other endpoints were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and logistic regression analyses. Results The median baseline age of participants was 41, 66% were white, 79% had education >12 years, and 20% reported heavy marijuana use at ≥50% of biannual visits during follow-up. Long-term heavy marijuana use showed no significant associations with viral load, CD4 counts, AIDS, cancer, or mortality in both cohorts but was independently associated with increased CV events between ages 40-60 after adjusting for age, tobacco smoking, viral load, and traditional risk factors (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 5.1). Marijuana and tobacco use were each independently associated with higher WBC counts in adjusted models (P < .01); the highest quartile of WBC counts (≥6500 cells/µL) was associated with increased CV events (OR 4.3; 95% CI, 1.5, 12.9). Conclusions Heavy marijuana use is a risk factor for CV disease in HIV-infected men ages 40-60, independent of tobacco smoking and traditional risk factors.
Kinetics and economics of anaerobic digestion of animal waste

Disposal of animal waste represents a severe environmental problem, particularly in areas such as cattle feedlots where livestock are concentrated. Animal waste can be converted to CO2 and CH4 by the autocatalytic process of anaerobic fermentation. A scheme, based upon this process, for the disposal of the waste from a large feedlot is presented. The design of this process is based on kinetic data from the literature which are fitted to a kinetic model including diffusional resistances. Sale of the CH4 provides an economic incentive for this process and a return on investment of 23 % yr−1 appears possible for a large feedlot.
Is Platelet Response Test Status Associated with NIH Stroke Scale and Stroke Location? (P06.257)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if antiplatelet response is associated with stroke severity and location. BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet resistance is a controversial topic in acute stroke. However, physicians are utilizing this test to determine which antiplatelet to continue on stroke patients. Although a logical choice, it remains unclear whether switching patients from one antiplatelet to another after a negative platelet response test provides any added protection against another stroke. It remains unclear whether aspirin or Plavix resistance plays a factor in primary stroke severity as well as type of stroke or even stroke location.Potential clot morphology, composition, or size many be different in patients on antiplatelet therapy. It is unclear whether antiplatelet resistance could have a role in stroke severity and location.Therefore, a retrospective study was undertaken to review patients who presented with a stroke as confirmed by CT/MRI criteria, and compare antiplatelet response or resistance(of either aspirin or Plavix) and NIHSS as well as location/vascular territories involved. DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective chart review of stroke patients from 1/2010 to 12/2011 was completed. Inclusion criteria included patients who presented with a stroke and were either on aspirin, plavix or both,who also had a platelet response test done upon admission. NIHSS was noted on admission, and neuroimaging data was reviewed regarding location and vascular distribution. RESULTS: A total of 381 patients were included in the study. The average NIHSS for aspirin responders was 5.53 vs 5.68 for the non-responders(p=0.91), but no statistically significant difference was noted. The average NIHSS for plavix responders was 4.185 versus 6.467 for non-responders, which was statistically significant(p=0.03). The vascular territories involved were compared as well. CONCLUSIONS: Antiplatelet use is widespread in cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. Clopidogrel resistance was associated with increased stroke severity. Although, prior studies showed a similar association with aspirin, our study did not. Disclosure: Dr. Mustafa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kamal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Li has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ghazi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Beltagy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mehta has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Teva, and Gerson Lehrman Group as a consultant or speaker.
Cortical venous disease severity in MELAS syndrome correlates with brain lesion development

MELAS syndrome is a mitochondrial disorder typified by recurrent stroke-like episodes, seizures, and progressive brain injury. Abnormal mitochondria have been found in arterial walls implicating a vasculogenic etiology. We have observed abnormal cortical vein T2/FLAIR signal in MELAS patients, potentially representing wall thickening and sluggish flow. We sought to examine the relationship of hyperintense veins and brain lesions in MELAS. Imaging databases at two children’s hospitals were searched for brain MRIs from MELAS patients. Artifact, sedated exams, and lack of 2D–T2/FLAIR sequences were exclusion criteria. Each exam was assigned a venous score based on number of T2/FLAIR hyperintense veins: 1 = 20. Cumulative brain lesions and venous score in MELAS and aged-matched normal exams were compared by Mann-Whitney test. A total of 106 exams from 14 unique MELAS patients (mean 16 ± 3 years) and 30 exams from normal aged-matched patients (mean 15 ± 3 years) were evaluated. Median venous score between MELAS and control patients significantly differed (3 versus 1; p < 0.001). In the MELAS group, venous score correlated with presence (median = 3) or absence (median = 1) of cumulative brain lesions. In all 8 MELAS patients who developed lesions, venous hyperintensity was present prior to, during, and after lesion onset. Venous score did not correlate with brain lesion acuity. Abnormal venous signal correlates with cumulative brain lesion severity in MELAS syndrome. Cortical venous stenosis, congestion, and venous ischemia may be mechanisms of brain injury. Identification of cortical venous pathology may aid in diagnosis and could be predictive of lesion development.
The Role of Ephemerides from Ptolemy to Kepler

Celestial timekeeping relied in the first instance on the movements of the stars and planets. The principal systematic positions of planets are recorded in ephemerides, which are primarily predictions, not observations. Prior to the invention of printing, ephemerides are extremely rare, which gives lie to the widespread mythology that astronomers before the days of printing were eagerly observing the heavens to add epicycles to improve the accuracy of the tables.
Natural Resource Management in the U.S. Arctic: Sustainable Organizing Through Communicative Practices:

This study advances a theoretical framework of sustainable organizing, grounded in the communicative practices of key organizational actors. I situate this study in the enactment of natural resourc...
Litter Decomposition Rates in Six Mine Water Wetlands and Ponds in Oklahoma

Six ecosystems were examined for litter decomposition rates: three volunteer wetlands in Tri-State Lead-Zinc Mining District and three ecologically engineered coal mine drainage passive treatment systems in Arkoma Basin of eastern Oklahoma. Litter bag decomposition experiments were completed using 5-g standing dead Typha spp., dried to constant weight, and homogenized in fiberglass screen bags. Replicates were placed in different hydrologic zones or treatment cells and bags were collected five times over 250 days. A single exponential decay model expressed decomposition rates and a least squares regression was fit to calculate decomposition rates. All volunteer wetlands showed similar decomposition rates despite differences in hydrology, though greater mass was lost in flooded hydrologic zones (59–66% flooded zones versus 69–71% saturated zones litter mass remaining). The passive treatment systems showed significant differences in rates between the different treatment cells and rates were greater in litter bags closer to system outflows (66–79% near inflow versus 17–60% near outflow litter mass remaining). System decay constants (k) from this study (k = 0.001–0.003) were within range for other Typha spp. systems (k = 0.001–0.024 day−1). This study of anthropogenically disturbed ecosystems showed that wetland hydrology influences litter decomposition rates and decomposition rates vary throughout passive treatment systems as water quality changes.
Feminist Sports Media Studies: State of the Field

Feminist analyses have long informed studies of sports media by detecting and interrogating gender hierarchies and gendered expressions of power. In the current “postfeminist” media environment, women celebrate through individualized narratives of progress, but continue to face structural barriers as a group. To critically assess cultural shifts around women’s potential in sport and media, feminist scholars face a challenge and an opportunity to question underlying assumptions that have informed their analyses.
An LP for Sequential Learning Under Budgets

We present a convex framework to learn sequential decisions and apply it to the problem of learning under a budget. We consider the structure proposed in [1], where sensor measurements are acquired in a sequence. The goal after acquiring each new measurement is to make a decision whether to stop and classify or to pay the cost of using the next sensor in the sequence. We introduce a novel formulation of an empirical risk objective for the multi stage sequential decision problem. This objective naturally lends itself to a non-convex multilinear formulation. Nevertheless, we derive a novel perspective that leads to a tight convex objective. This is accomplished by expressing the empirical risk in terms of linear superposition of indicator functions. We then derive an LP formulation by utilizing hinge loss surrogates. Our LP achieves or exceeds the empirical performance of the nonconvex alternating algorithm that requires a large number of random initializations. Consequently, the LP has the advantage of guaranteed convergence, global optimality, repeatability and computation eciency.
Cultural Materialism and Behavior Analysis: Common Problems and Radical Solutions

Brian D Kangas The year 2007 marks the 80th anniversary of the birth of Marvin Harris (1927–2001). Although relations between Harris' cultural materialism and Skinner's radical behaviorism have been promulgated by several in the behavior-analytic community (e.g., Glenn, 1988; Malagodi & Jackson, 1989; Vargas, 1985), Harris himself never published an exclusive and comprehensive work on the relations between the two epistemologies. However, on May 23rd, 1986, he gave an invited address on this topic at the 12th annual conference of the Association for Behavior Analysis in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, entitled Cultural Materialism and Behavior Analysis: Common Problems and Radical Solutions. What follows is the publication of a transcribed audio recording of the invited address that Harris gave to Sigrid Glenn shortly after the conference. The identity of the scribe is unknown, but it has been printed as it was written, with the addendum of embedded references where appropriate. It is offered both as what should prove to be a useful asset for the students of behavior who are interested in the study of cultural contingencies, practices, and epistemologies, and in commemoration of this 80th anniversary.
Engagement Beyond the Core Academic Subjects

Continuing from examples of engaging approaches to core academic subjects discussed in Chap. 8, in this chapter, we discuss engaging approaches in three nonacademic subjects: art, vocational education, and curricula in social and emotional well-being. We discuss art only briefly as the primary example, The Lifelines Community Arts Project, is an after-school program presented in Chap. 13. The example from vocational education includes a study of the Cristo Rey corporate work-study program; and the examples of curricula in social and emotional well-being include a variety of interventions to facilitate positive psychology (e.g., gratitude interventions), The Penn Resiliency Program, and the Geelong Grammar School in Australia. Participants in the Cristo Rey work-study program built important competencies for succeeding in life as well as work, such as social and emotional skills, time management, communication, and networking skills. One unique benefit of the program was the highly motivating effect of the corporate role models that students sought to emulate. The Geelong Grammar School in Melbourne, Australia, is a whole-school model in which teachers and administrators seek to embed “positive education” and Seligman’s conception of signature strengths into all aspects of campus life, from academic courses to sports to music to the chapel. The school helps students to enact positive teachings offered by cognitive psychology. Both education in physical health as well as training in executive processes to develop, value, and prioritize goals can be important facets of social and emotional learning to facilitate the engagement and positive development of youth.
Topical and Systemic Approaches to Protection of Human Skin against Harmful Effects of Solar Radiation

Why is photoprotection of importance to humans? We must be in the light; we cannot be forced to work or live in the dark. The sun is necessary to sustain all life on earth. We are warmed by its rays, and we are able to see with eyes that respond to that portion of the solar spectrum known as visible light. Our skin and blood vessels respond to the electromagnetic spectrum of the sun in the form of sunburn and tanning reactions. Many of our daily rhythms are dependent upon the sunlight. Natural sunlight has always been recognized for, and endowed with, health-giving powers. Yet excessive amounts of this life-supporting radiation can be very damaging to our skin. There are two concerns about the deleterious effects of sun exposure: (1) the acute effects (e.g., sunburn, phototoxicity), and (2) the potential long-term risk of repeated sun exposure, namely, the development of actinic changes (wrinkling, premature aging, irregular thickening and thinning of epidermis, hyper- and hypopigmentation), keratosis, and both nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancer (1–3).
Matrix isolation study of the reaction of O (3P) with 1,3 butadiene: Unexpected formation of ethylketene

Abstract The light-induced reaction of ozone with 1,3-butadiene in argon matrixes is described, using either red (625 nm) or UV (254 nm) irradiation. Products were observed using infrared spectroscopy and identification was aided by 18O and deuterium experiments. The experimental work was supported by extensive DFT calculations. Four products were anticipated to be formed, ethenyloxirane, 2-butenal, 3-butenal and 2,5-dihydrofuran, and all four were observed. These results suggested the intermediacy of a triplet biradical H2C CH CH CH2O formed through the initial step of the reaction of O 3P with butadiene. In addition, one unexpected product was conclusively identified, ethylketene, formed through a double hydrogen shift after formation of the initial triplet biradical. Some product variation was observed with the different wavelengths of irradiation, reflecting the spin multiplicity of the initially formed O atom.
Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Radial Head Fractures: Indications and Current Techniques

Radial head arthroplasty remains a good treatment option for fractures not amenable to fixation. Several variations exist in technique and implant type. This review discusses the insertion techniques, implant types available, and literature outcomes associated with radial head arthroplasty.
Improved Quadcopter Disturbance Rejection Using Added Angular Momentum

This paper presents a novel quadcopter design with an added momentum wheel for enhanced stability. The novel vehicle has improved torque disturbance rejection capabilities compared to a standard quadcopter. An analysis of the vehicle dynamics shows that the effect of torque disturbances decreases monotonically with increasing angular momentum of the momentum wheel. A framework for choosing the mass moment of inertia and speed of the momentum wheel is given based on an upper bound on the allowable energy stored in the wheel. Theoretical results are experimentally validated by comparing responses to torque impulses applied to the vehicle with and without the momentum wheel spinning.
Circulating angiotensin peptides levels in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome correlate with clinical outcomes: A pilot study.

Rationale We propose renin angiotensin system (RAS) peptides are critical in wound reparative processes such as in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Their role in predicting clinical outcomes in ARDS has been unexplored; thus, we used a targeted metabolomics approach to investigate them as potential predictors of outcomes. Methods Thirty-nine ARDS patients were enrolled within 24 hours of ARDS diagnosis. Plasma RAS peptide levels were quantified at study entry and 24, 48 and 72 hours using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics assay. RAS peptide concentrations were compared between survivors and non-survivors, and were correlated with clinical and pulmonary measures. Measurements and main results Angiotensin I (Ang-I or A(1–10)) levels were significantly higher in non-survivors at study entry and 72 hours. ARDS survival was associated with lower A(1–10) concentration (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18–0.72, p = 0.004) but higher A(1–9) concentration (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.15–4.39, p = 0.018), a biologically active metabolite of A(1–10) and an agonist of angiotensin II receptor type 2. Survivors had significantly higher median A(1–9)/A(1–10) and A(1–7)/A(1–10) ratios than the non-survivors (p = 0.001). Increased A(1–9)/A(1–10) ratio suggests that angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) activity is higher in patients who survived their ARDS insult while an increase in A(1–7)/A(1–10) ratio suggests that ACE activity is also higher in survivors. Conclusion A(1–10) accumulation and reduced A(1–9) concentration in the non-survivor group suggest that ACE2 activities may be reduced in patients succumbing to ARDS. Plasma levels of both A(1–10) and A(1–9) and their ratio may serve as useful biomarkers for prognosis in ARDS patients.
Sensing System Design Using Knowledge of Animal Acoustic Systems

By way of introduction to the topic and the following papers, the term “bionics” might be mentioned. A goal of this activity has been to use the slowly evolved adaptations and mechanisms of living organisms to guide the design of technical developments. There have been some interesting exceptions, but in general this has not often happened. More often the converse has taken place. That is, after a new development has been produced it can be seen that some now understood related systems appear in nature, and in many cases technological progress has removed major mental blocks to understanding animal (and plant) functioning. However, increased learning from nature is becoming possible in some areas.
Indium Phosphide Photonic Integrated Circuit Transceiver for FMCW LiDAR

We present a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) transceiver for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LiDAR applications. The transmitter consists of a widely tunable sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector laser (SGDBR) and a frequency discriminator which combines multimode interference couplers, a tunable asymmetric Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (a-MZI), and balanced photodiodes. The frequency discriminator converts frequency fluctuations of the laser to amplitude fluctuations of the photodiode currents. This provides an error signal for feedback into the laser cavity for frequency stabilization. Frequency modulation is obtained by a phase shifter in the a-MZI which tunes the quadrature point of the filter and the frequency where the error is zero. An on-chip receiver couples power from the transmitter to self-heterodyne with the time-delayed echo of a distant object. The generated beat frequency of the self-heterodyne measurement gives the echo signals time-of-flight to obtain the distance and velocity of the reflecting object. The theory of the components is described, and characterization of the transmitter and receiver is presented.
Appealing Administrative Action: The Threshold Considerations

Appeals of administrative agency actions differ from traditional appellate practice. For example, appellate cases involving agency decisions can raise nuanced differences in the law of standing, the degree of judicial deference, the relevance of stare decisis, and the mechanics of the appellate record. The initial concerns associated with appealing an administrative order can be considered in the context of three simple questions: 1) Can I appeal; 2) should I appeal; and 3) how do I start the appeal?
Fourier transform infrared applications to investigate induced biochemical changes in liver

Chronic liver diseases progressively lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and other complications. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and microspectroscopy imaging are rapidly advancing te...
Regenerative Medicine for Hand and Wrist Pain

Hand and wrist pain can be secondary to acute or overuse injuries that include degenerative joint disease, tendinopathies, and ligamentous injuries. Treatment for most of these conditions includes conservative nonsurgical options, but refractory cases may be referred for surgery. Regenerative medicine techniques present another nonsurgical treatment options for hand and wrist injuries refractory to conservative treatment. Although there is limited scientific evidence of stem cells, PRP, or prolotherapy for wrist and hand injuries, we know from studies on other MSK areas that they are safe and potentially beneficial.
Somatic Marker Production Deficits Do Not Explain the Relationship between Psychopathic Traits and Utilitarian Moral Decision Making

In moral dilemma tasks, high levels of psychopathic traits often predict increased utilitarian responding-specifically, endorsing sacrificing one person to save many. Research suggests that increased arousal (i.e., somatic marker production) underlies lower rates of utilitarian responding during moral dilemmas. Though deficient somatic marker production is characteristic of psychopathy, how this deficit affects the psychopathy-utilitarian connection remains unknown. We assessed psychopathic traits in undergraduates, as well as behavioral performance and skin conductance level reactivity (SCL-R; a measure of somatic marker production) during a moral dilemma task. High psychopathic traits and low SCL-R were associated with increased utilitarian decisions in dilemmas involving direct personal harm. Psychopathic traits were unrelated to SCL-R, nor did SCL-R mediate the relationship between psychopathy and utilitarianism. The present study did not find evidence that somatic marker production explains the connection between utilitarianism and psychopathy in a college population. Further research is necessary to identify the neural mechanisms relating psychopathy and moral decision-making in nonclinical samples.
Efficacy of 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrates in Factor Xa Inhibitor-Associated Intracranial Bleeding.

Intracranial bleeding (ICB) is a feared complication of systemic anticoagulation. Factor Xa inhibitors (FXaI) are used frequently due to their improved safety profile and predictable kinetics. Andexanet alfa was recently approved for emergent reversal of FXaI agents but was not compared formally to 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (4FPCC) which are the current standard of care in many centers. The objective of this study is to formally evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of 4FPCC in patients with FXaI-associated ICB. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving 4FPCC for the reversal of a FXaI in the setting of acute ICB. Hemostatic efficacy was adjudicated via evaluation of post-4FPCC CT scan using the criteria closely mirroring those outlined in Annexa-4 (excellent 20% but ≤ 35% expansion, poor > 35% expansion). Each image was reviewed by two neurointensivist attendings for grading. Mortality was assessed until date of discharge. Charts were screened for thrombotic events out to 30 days post-4FPCC administration. A total of 59 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age in years was 78.5 ± 10.9 and 56% were male. Apixaban was the most common FXaI prescribed at the time of presentation (67.8%). Most patients were on FXaI therapy for stroke prevention in the setting of atrial fibrillation (81.3%). Median Glasgow Coma Scale at presentation was 15(IQR 12–15), with the most frequently presenting ICB type being intracerebral hemorrhage (52.5%). The mean dose of 4FPCC prescribed was 46.6 (± 8.2) units/kg. Of those receiving 4FPCC for FXaI ICB, 88% were graded as having an excellent or good hemostatic outcome with excellent interrater reliability. Survival was high at 89.8%, and thrombotic events were seen in seven patients (11.9%). 4FPCC appears to be an effective and safe option for FXaI-associated ICB with outcomes comparable to andexanet alfa. A formal prospective evaluation of this strategy versus andexanet alpha including cost analysis is warranted.
After the Hurricane: Economic Adversity, Bank Offices, and Community Banks.

Community banks have been in decline for decades in the U.S. yet are valuable because they often provide small business lending that larger banks avoid. This study may shed light on whether a severe economic contraction following a natural disaster, such as that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, will further contribute to that decline, using data on hurricanes followed by economic contraction or growth. For the analysis, U.S. counties hit by severe hurricanes between 2004 and 2012 are identified and differentiated according to whether there was substantial employment decline from the year prior to the year after the hurricane. Bank offices in these counties are tracked for seven years in terms of stayers, leavers, and new offices owned by community or large banks. The results reveal that areas with substantial employment decline are associated with higher rates of persistence and new openings among the community banks. Where hurricanes were followed by less severe contraction or economic growth, larger banks held an advantage in terms of both persistence and new offices. It is suggested that the value of soft information held by community banks is enhanced by severe adversity.
“She’s just a bad mother”: Perceptions of failure to protect children in relationships with intimate partner violence

Failure to Protect (FTP) is a legal statute that connotes permitting or enabling child abuse by a parent or guardian. Women are more likely than men to be charged for ‘failing to protect’ children ...
Systematic review of birth parent–foster youth relationships before and after aging out of foster care

Abstract For young adults in the general population, maintaining close bonds to parental figures and being able to rely on them in times of need contributes to positive adjustment in the transition to adulthood, yet, the consequences of transitioning to adulthood without strong bonds to family has received remarkably limited attention. This systematic review synthesizes information about the relationships aging out foster youth have with their birth or stepparents after legally mandated separations in foster care. Utilizing PRISMA guidelines, published and unpublished information from studies recruiting US-based samples were reviewed, yielding 16 articles from 10 studies. Findings indicate (1) a majority of studies have reported information about foster youths’ self-reported contact with birth parents and post-foster care living arrangements, and (2) fewer studies have sought to identify the types of support provided by birth parents or explored the benefits and risks that come from different types of support. This review identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the existing evidence, highlights avenues for future research, and offers guidance for establishing practices around facilitating relationships.
A noise model for the design of a compressive sensing imaging system

The design and modeling of compressive sensing (CS) imagers is difficult due to the complexity and non-linearity of the system and reconstruction algorithm. The Night Vision Integrated Performance Model (NV-IPM) is a linear imaging system design tool that is very useful for complex system trade studies. The custom component generator, included in NV-IPM, will be used to include a recently published theory for CS that links measurement noise, easily calculated with NV-IPM, to the noise of the reconstructed CS image given the estimated sparsity of the scene and the number of measurements as input. As the sparsity will also depend on other factors such as the optical transfer function and the scene content, an empirical relationship will be developed between the linear model within NV-IPM and the non-linear reconstruction algorithm using measured test data. Using the theory, a CS imager varying the number of measurements will be compared to a notional traditional imager.
CF monocyte-derived macrophages have an attenuated response to extracellular vesicles secreted by airway epithelial cells.

Mutations in CFTR alter macrophage responses, for example, by reducing their ability to phagocytose and kill bacteria. Altered macrophage responses may facilitate bacterial infection and inflammati...
A Revised Situation-Specific Theory of Breast/Chest Feeding

The Revised Situation-Specific Theory of Breast/Chest Feeding (STB-R) was derived from the original Situation-Specific Theory of Breastfeeding (STB). It is an explanatory theory which recognizes breastfeeding as fundamentally embodied, personal, and situational. The theory is unique from other theories in that it reconceptualizes both the central tension involved in the personal parental infant feeding experience, and the desired outcome of support. The theory proposes the more congruity and less conflict between parents and their support networks the more readily breastfeeding dyads will progress toward achieving an individually defined “salutary” (health-promoting, and self-affirming) breast/chest feeding experience. The STB-R recognizes the diversity of breast/chest feeding families, respects the patients’ right to choose, and remains true to the ethical values of the nursing profession.
Tracking changes in body composition: Comparison of methods and influence of pre-assessment standardization

The present study reports the validity of multiple assessment methods for tracking changes in body composition over time and quantifies the influence of unstandardised pre-assessment procedures. Resistance-trained males underwent 6 weeks of structured resistance training alongside a hyperenergetic diet, with four total body composition evaluations. Pre-intervention, body composition was estimated in standardised (i.e. overnight fasted and rested) and unstandardised (i.e. no control over pre-assessment activities) conditions within a single day. The same assessments were repeated post-intervention, and body composition changes were estimated from all possible combinations of pre-intervention and post-intervention data. Assessment methods included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement plethysmography, three-dimensional optical imaging, single- and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, bioimpedance spectroscopy and multi-component models. Data were analysed using equivalence testing, Bland-Altman analysis, Friedman tests and validity metrics. Most methods demonstrated meaningful errors when unstandardised conditions were present pre- and/or post-intervention, resulting in blunted or exaggerated changes relative to true body composition changes. However, some methods - particularly DXA and select digital anthropometry techniques - were more robust to a lack of standardisation. In standardised conditions, methods exhibiting the highest overall agreement with the four-component model were other multi-component models, select bioimpedance technologies, DXA and select digital anthropometry techniques. Although specific methods varied, the present study broadly demonstrates the importance of controlling and documenting standardisation procedures prior to body composition assessments across distinct assessment technologies, particularly for longitudinal investigations. Additionally, there are meaningful differences in the ability of common methods to track longitudinal body composition changes.
SETI in 2020

Abstract In the spirit of Trimble’s “Astrophysics in XXXX” series, I very briefly and subjectively review developments in SETI in 2020. My primary focus is 75 papers and books published or made public in 2020, which I sort into six broad categories: results from actual searches, new search methods and instrumentation, target and frequency selection, the development of technosignatures, theory of ETIs, and social aspects of SETI.
Die absoluten Viskosimeter

Unter absoluten Viskosimetern sollen hier solche Zahigkeitsmesser verstanden werden, bei denen ein quantitativer Zusammenhang zwischen den Abmessungen und Versuchsbedingungen einerseits und der Zahigkeit andererseits hergeleitet werden kann, so das die Viskositat der untersuchten Flussigkeit nur aus diesen Daten ermittelt wprden kann, ohne das hierzu eine besondere Eichflussigkeit von bekannter Viskositat erforderlich ist.
A Workbook to Promote Forgiveness for Ingroup Congregational Offenses

A WORKBOOK TO PROMOTE FORGIVENESS FOR INGROUP CONGREGATIONAL OFFENSES By Chelsea L. Greer, M.S., M.A. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013 Major Director: Everett L. Worthington, Jr., Professor, Department of Psychology Since research on forgiveness has flourished over the past three decades, multiple interventions have been developed to aid individuals in this arduous process. Two interventions in particular have been most-widely studied with diverse groups: Enright’s process model (Enright & Fitzgibbons, 2000) and Worthington’s REACH Forgiveness model (2006). Thus far, these forgiveness interventions have been led by trained professionals in an in-person group. Inperson interventions pose issues of cost and attendance. In the current study, I adapted Worthington’s Christian-adapted REACH Forgiveness intervention into a self-directed workbook for Christians who have experienced an offense within a religious community. Participants (N = 52) voluntarily completed the workbook for partial course credit, taking an average of 6.66 hours of time, and assessments at three time points. I found a significant treatment condition x time interaction, Wilks’ λ = .31, F(6,31) = 11.57, p < .001, partial η2 = .69, which indicates that the effect of time depended upon the treatment condition to which participants were assigned. In addition, the current study produced a larger effect size comparable to benchmarks of previous in-person REACH Forgiveness interventions (d = 1.63), and fell within the upper limit of the standard of change. The current findings encourage further analysis of this self-directed intervention which is cost-effective, easily disseminated, and found effective in this initial study.
Increased Expression of DUOX2 Is an Epithelial Response to Mucosal Dysbiosis Required for Immune Homeostasis in Mouse Intestine.

Background & Aims Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2), a hydrogen-peroxide generator at the apical membrane of gastrointestinal epithelia, is up-regulated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) before the onset of inflammation, but little is known about its effects. We investigated the role of DUOX2 in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis in mice. Methods We analyzed the regulation of DUOX2 in intestinal tissues of germ-free vs conventional mice, mice given antibiotics or colonized with only segmented filamentous bacteria, mice associated with human microbiota, and mice with deficiencies in interleukin (IL) 23 and IL22 signaling. We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene quantitative polymerase chain reaction of intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes of Duoxa −/− mice that lack functional DUOX enzymes. Genes differentially expressed in Duoxa −/− mice compared with co-housed wild-type littermates were correlated with gene expression changes in early-stage IBD using gene set enrichment analysis. Results Colonization of mice with segmented filamentous bacteria up-regulated intestinal expression of DUOX2. DUOX2 regulated redox signaling within mucosa-associated microbes and restricted bacterial access to lymphatic tissues of the mice, thereby reducing microbiota-induced immune responses. Induction of Duox2 transcription by microbial colonization did not require the mucosal cytokines IL17 or IL22, although IL22 increased expression of Duox2. Dysbiotic, but not healthy human microbiota, activated a DUOX2 response in recipient germ-free mice that corresponded to abnormal colonization of the mucosa with distinct populations of microbes. In Duoxa −/− mice, abnormalities in ileal mucosal gene expression at homeostasis recapitulated those in patients with mucosal dysbiosis. Conclusions DUOX2 regulates interactions between the intestinal microbiota and the mucosa to maintain immune homeostasis in mice. Mucosal dysbiosis leads to increased expression of DUOX2, which might be a marker of perturbed mucosal homeostasis in patients with early-stage IBD.
Managing Accounting Earnings

Managing accounting earnings refers to the purposeful manipulation that results in the altering of reported accounting numbers. Keywords: managing accounting earnings; incentives for earnings management; methods of earnings management
Loop braiding statistics in exactly soluble three-dimensional lattice models

Motivated by the question of whether or not two gapped Hamiltonians belong to the same phase, the authors compare two exactly solvable lattice models. They show that the only way to see that these models belong to distinct phases is to examine their three-loop braiding statistics.
Medication Information for Patients with Limited English Proficiency: Lessons from the European Union

Misuse or misunderstanding of medication information is a common and costly problem in the U.S. The risks of misunderstanding medication information are compounded for the large and growing population of individuals with limited English proficiency that often lacks access to this information in their own language. This paper examines practices related to translation of medication information in the European Union that may serve as a model for future U.S. policy efforts to improve the quality and availability of medication information for individuals with limited English proficiency.
Service Transition Strategies in Manufacturing: Implications for Firm Risk

This article investigates the impact of service transition (the infusion of services in addition to goods to a manufacturing firm’s offering) on firm-idiosyncratic risk. The authors analyze a uniqu...
African Burial Ground Project: paradigm for cooperation?

The eighteenth-century African Burial Ground in New York City began as a municipal cemetery in which the remains of 15,000 enslaved Africans were buried. It was abandoned to urban development during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, but rediscovered at the turn of the twenty-first, its location in the heart of downtown Manhattan becoming the site of extraordinary religious, political and scientific conflict and collaboration. The site went from desecration in 1991 to becoming a US National Monument in 2007, representing a successful example of bioarchaeology in the service of a descendant community’s human rights struggle. This article suggests lessons from that struggle and points to the ethical and epistemic value of publicly engaged anthropology.
Aspects of the Field Biology of the Blackfaced Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Corn and Pastures in Kentucky

Aspects of field biology of the blackfaced leafhopper, Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes), were examined in conventional and no-tillage corn and pastures. Peak G. nigrifrons density was significantly higher in no-tillage than conventional tillage corn in early June 1981. In 1982, peak density in conventional tillage corn occurred in late May. A significantly higher peak density occurred in the no-tillage corn in early June. The corn was in growth stage 1 during peak densities in 1981 and 1982. Peak densities in the pastures occurred in early July and mid-September in 1981, and in early and late September in 1982. Background color of simulated no-tillage plots was not more attractive to G. nigrifrons than that of conventional tillage plots. Higher densities of the leafhopper were in conventional tillage plots than simulated no-tillage plots. Differences in G. nigrifrons densities were observed between early and late-planted corn plots. Peak densities in both plot types occurred when the corn was in growth stage 1. Densities in both plot types declined as the corn matured beyond this growth stage.
Electron microscopy of structural detail in frozen biological specimens.

A procedure is described whereby preshadowed replicas can be obtained from frozen biological specimens which have been cut and then etched by sublimation of the ice from their surfaces. Electron micrographs showing details of the internal structure of plant virus crystals are presented to demonstrate the values of the procedure. Crystals of purified tobacco ringspot virus and squash mosaic virus and some portions of turnip yellow mosaic virus crystals have been shown to exhibit hexagonal packing. Sections through in situ crystals of tobacco mosaic virus show the rods to be parallel within each layer and arranged in a square net as viewed end on. Individual rods in each layer of the latter measure 300 mµ in length and are somewhat tilted with respect to the rods of adjacent layers. This results in the formation of a herring-bone appearance when a crystal is cut perpendicular to its hexagonal face. It is suggested that the procedure outlined here might well serve to supplement other procedures for the preparation of many cytological specimens for electron microscopy.
The Effects of Certain Gimbal Orders and Workloads on Target Acquisition

If air-to-ground imaging sensors are mounted to aircraft by different gimbal order systems, the scenery at the displays will rotate differently, even though the flight paths are identical. Eighteen experienced pilots were tested to investigate the effects such scene motions might have on target detection, recognition, and identification performance, and also on operator workload. The Martin Marietta 600:1 scale terrain model was used to provide the imagery of three gimbal orders: roll-pitch, yaw-pitch, and pitch-yaw. Target runs simulated started at 20k ft. slant range, and maintained a 4k ft. altitude, and 2500 or 5000 feet offset. They were 30-second runs at a speed of 350 knots. The pitch-yaw gimbal order was associated with the greatest range-to-target scores and the lightest workloads. Also, the workload measured for each gimbal order and the workload measured for a word task from the Montana Meaningfulness Scale were added together for each subject. The sum was the estimated workload for that subjec...
Ferric chloride leaching of mechanically activated chalcopyrite

Mechanical activation is a means of accelerating the leaching process. Contributing to the success of this technique are (1) increased surface area; (2) increased surface reactivity; and (3) the microstructural modifications stemming from the deformation. Previous studies have focused on gaining a fundamental understanding of these factors. This study represents a divergence from this approach, as we set out to determine the effectiveness of the technique when applied on a scale more reflective of how the process might actually be practised. To this end, chalcopyrite was autogenously milled in a horizontal mill, and leaching was conducted using a 5 M chloride leach solution. Leaching of as-received concentrate resulted in copper extractions of 75% in 5 h of leaching, whereas leaching mechanically activated concentrates resulted in copper extractions over 95% after 3 h of leaching. This study investigated the critical parameters affecting the efficiency of mechanical activation as a means of accelerating the oxidative leaching of sulfide minerals. The processes of attrition and fragmentation enhance reaction rates by increasing both the surface area and the density of defects. A small laboratory shaker mill and a small tumbling mill were used to mechanically process chalcopyrite; the former using steel grinding media, the latter using sized ore. The increase in surface area was determined using BET; and X-ray diffraction analysis was utilized to determine the full width at half maximum (FWHM) for chalcopyrite, which is subsequently used as a marker of the relative deformation. Leaching experiments were conducted with as-received concentrate and with processed concentrate. The contributions of the increased surface area and the deformed structure were correlated with the leaching kinetics.
The offer/ask disparity and just compensation for takings: A constitutional choice perspective

Abstract The offer/ask disparity, also known as the endowment effect, has been used to urge compensation exceeding market value for takings of property by eminent domain. The usual framing of the issue neglects the consideration that greater compensation itself “takes” other property by requiring more taxation and fewer public works. A better way of framing compensation issues is in a constitutional context. Historical evidence suggests that American constitution makers did balance the benefits of greater compensation against foregone benefits from public works. The constitutional choice approach implies that the offer/ask disparity may undermine welfare economics less than is usually supposed.