cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vibrational eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for planar acetylene by wave-packet propagation, and its mode-selective infrared excitation

Vibrational eigenvalues with estimated errors <5×10−2 cm−1 and their corresponding eigenfunctions for J=0 5D (planar) acetylene modeled by the Halonen–Child–Carter potential-energy surface are obtained using an energy-shifted, imaginary-time Lanczos propagation of symmetry-adapted wave packets. A lower resolution (∼4 cm−1) vibrational eigenspectrum of the system is also calculated by the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation of an appropriate wave packet. The eigenvalues from both approaches are in excellent agreement. The wave function of the molecule is represented in a direct-product discrete variable representation (DVR) with nearly 300 000 grid points. Our results are compared with the previously reported theoretical and experimental values. We use our 69 computed eigenstates as a basis to perform an optimal control simulation of selective two-photon excitation of the symmetric CH-stretch mode with an infrared, linearly polarized, transform-limited, and subpicosecond–picosecond laser pulse. The re...
ATTRACTIVENESS AND PERSONALITY WARMTH: EVALUATIONS OF PAINTINGS RATED BY COLLEGE MEN AND WOMEN

To explore how physical attractiveness, warmth of personality, and sex of the evaluator might influence evaluations of a person's painting, 32 subjects in four groups of equal numbers of males and females rated four paintings. Subjects were presented with a picture of the supposed artist which had been previously rated as to physically attractive or unattractive and a tape-recorded message by the artist conveying either warmth or coldness. Each artist was paired with a painting presented before the group. The variables were counterbalanced to avoid position effect. Physical attractiveness and warmth of personality can influence the evaluation of that person's production. No significant sex difference was found. The interaction between the artist's warmth of personality and attractiveness of the artist was significant, indicating that physical attractiveness and warmth of personality for a female may have a more favorable influence on her production than any other combination of the variables studied.
Methods for the isolation of water-borne Escherichia coli O157.

Aims: To develop improved methods for the detection of Escherichia coli O157 from water and sediments. Methods and Results: The effects of different broth enrichment media (unsupplemented tryptic soya broth, tryptic soya broth with antibiotics, and gram-negative broth), incubation durations (5 and 24 hrs), incubation temperatures (37 and 44.5°C) and the use of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) on the sensitivity of E. coli O157 detection were evaluated on artificially and naturally-contaminated water and sediment samples. The sensitivity of recovery of E. coli O157 from samples was dependent upon the media composition, temperature duration of incubation and the use of IMS. Conclusions: Use of high temperature (44.5°C) incubation for 24 hrs in unsupplemented tryptic soya broth and the use of IMS improved the sensitivity of E. coli O157 culture from water and sediment samples. Significance and Impact of the Study: The methods described can be used to increase the sensitivity of E. coli O157 detection from water and sediments.
3-O-Malonylbetulafolientriol oxide I from Betula nana subsp. exilis

Abstract The major ether-soluble metabolite of Betula nana subsp. exilis was determined by chemical and spectral methods to be 3-O-malonylbetulafolientriol oxide I.
Hysteresis of ultrasmall Fe-Pt particles

The magnetization reversal in very small FePt particles is investigated by analytical and numerical calculations. The modeling focuses on particles with diameters from 3to15nm, as produced by a salt-matrix annealing technique. Experiment shows that the particles exhibit a certain degree of structural inhomogenity, which has a far-reaching effect on the magnetic hysteresis. In particles larger than about 10nm, the magnetization-reversal mode is strongly inhomogeneous, and there are several scenarios that depend on the symmetry of inhomogenity. Small particles reverse nearly coherently, and the coercivity is essentially equal to the volume-averaged anisotropy. In this case, nonrectangular hysteresis loops reflect factors such as grain misalignment, particle-size distribution, and different degrees of L10 order in different particles.
“It'll Come Right Back at Me” The Interactional Context of Discussing Rape with Others

This study is based on qualitative analysis of interviews with 30 rape survivors. Participants who had been raped by men they knew often delayed telling anyone about the rape and experienced more negative reactions than those attacked by strangers. Reactions ranged from support and inconsistent support to silence/avoidance and hostility. The unpredictable pattern of reactions made all the survivors more hesitant about discussing their experiences with others. The results suggest the critical importance of the social context in which survivors discuss sexual victimization and why, at times, silence may be the most logical response.
Characteristics of Youths in a Sample of Correctional Programs Differences Associated with Programs and Time Spent in Them

Responses of youths in a representative sample of all known correctional programs in the United States were analyzed, primarily in terms of relationships among program size and of individuals' length of stay and precommitment and postcommitment offense levels. Certain combinations of all but the last of these are shown to be systematically related to postcommit ment offense levels. Findings suggest that the processes by which program variables affect postcommitment offense levels may be mediated by varying degrees and kinds of peer influence.
Questioning Our Past and Building a Future: Teacher Education in Dance for the 21st Century

Abstract Through description, historical autobiography, and reflection, the author charts for readers an experiential archive of postsecondary dance education during the past three decades. She begins with the state of the field before 1980, looks at how the world has changed since then, and questions the extent to which the field has changed in response. She wonders how the perceived need for constant advocacy might have kept the field from rigorous self-examination that is critical for continued growth. Through asking difficult questions and thinking critically about her answers, the author examines positions and practices from the past, including methodology, content, standards, and assessment, and re-evaluates them in light of 21st-century changes and challenges. In revealing how one individual has navigated some critical issues in dance education over a long career, this article demonstrates how change can occur on the microlevel.
Shared familial transmission of autism spectrum and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders.

Background To determine whether familial transmission is shared between autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, we assessed the prevalence, rates of comorbidity, and familial transmission of both disorders in a large population-based sample of children during a recent 7 year period. Methods Study participants included all children born to parents with the Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) Health Plan between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2004 (n = 35,073). Children and mothers with physician-identified autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were identified via electronic medical records maintained for all KPNW members. Results Among children aged 6–12 years, prevalence was 2.0% for ADHD and 0.8% for ASD; within those groups, 0.2% of the full sample (19% of the ASD sample and 9.6% of the ADHD sample) had co-occurring ASD and ADHD, when all children were included. When mothers had a diagnosis of ADHD, first born offspring were at 6-fold risk of ADHD alone (OR = 5.02, p < .0001) and at 2.5-fold risk of ASD alone (OR = 2.52, p < .01). Results were not accounted for by maternal age, child gestational age, child gender, and child race. Conclusions Autism spectrum disorders shares familial transmission with ADHD. ADHD and ASD have a partially overlapping diathesis.
Combination Treatment of Hypothermia and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Amplifies Neuroprotection in Primary Rat Neurons Exposed to Hypoxic-Ischemic-Like Injury In Vitro: Role of the Opioid System

This study was designed to reveal the therapeutic regimen and mechanism of action underlying hypothermia treatment in combination with stem cell transplantation for ameliorating neonatal hypoxic-ischemic-like injury. Primary rat neurons were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which produced hypoxic-ischemic-like injury in vitro, then incubated at 25°C (severe hypothermia), 34°C (moderate hypothermia), and 37°C (normothermia) with or without subsequent co-culture with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Combination treatment of moderate hypothermia and MSCs significantly improved cell survival and mitochondrial activity after OGD exposure. The exposure of delta opioid human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) to moderate hypothermia attenuated OGD-mediated cell alterations, which were much more pronounced in HEK293 cells overexpressing the delta opioid receptor. Further, the addition of delta opioid peptide to 34°C hypothermia and stem cell treatment in primary rat neurons showed synergistic neuroprotective effects against OGD which were significantly more robust than the dual combination of moderate hypothermia and MSCs, and were significantly reduced, but not completely abolished, by the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone altogether implicating a ligand-receptor mechanism of neuroprotection. Further investigations into non-opioid therapeutic signaling pathways revealed growth factor mediation and anti-apoptotic function accompanying the observed therapeutic benefits. These results support combination therapy of hypothermia and stem cells for hypoxic-ischemic-like injury in vitro, which may have a direct impact on current clinical trials using stand-alone hypothermia or stem cells for treating neonatal encephalopathy.
Time and Information in Sequential and Concurrent Computation

Time can be understood as dual to information in extant models of both sequential and concurrent computation. The basis for this duality is phase space, coordinatized by time and information, whose axes are oriented respectively horizontally and vertically. We fit various basic phenomena of computation, and of behavior in general, to the phase space perspective. The extant two-dimensional logics of sequential behavior, the van Glabbeek map of branching time and true concurrency, event-state duality and schedule-automaton duality, and Chu spaces, all fit the phase space perspective well, in every case confirming our choice of orientation.
Beyond 'what'and 'how many': Capacity, complexity, and resolution of infants' object representations

Memory is a must for thinking about objects. We frequently reason about objects even when we lack direct perceptual evidence of their existence, as when we saccade from one visual location to another, experience darkness, or observe occlusion. In all of these cases, object representations must be stored in memory in order to support even the most basic of computations—computations such as deciding whether an object is the same as one seen a moment earlier, or determining whether a hidden object can still be obtained. The richness of object representations as a case study in cognitive science is revealed by the diversity of chapters in this book. Our co-authors explore issues ranging from cross-species comparisons of object representations (Jordan & Brannon, Chapter 3) to implicit versus explicit knowledge of objects (Gjersoe & Hood, Chapter 13), to the representational consequences when tenets of object-hood are violated (Baillargeon et al., Chapter 12; Rosenberg & Carey, Chapter 7). Here, we offer the suggestion that none of these inquiries into the nature of object representations would be possible in the absence of working memory. In what follows, we explore the architecture of the working memory system that supports object representation throughout development. Specifically, we suggest that although recent research has addressed the question of how many objects working memory can represent—both in adults and in infants—much less work has asked how this memory capacity is affected by the nature of the object representations themselves. The question of how the quantity and the quality of object representations interact has been particularly underexplored from a developmental perspective. Here, we offer some data from our work with infants that may serve as a first step toward filling this gap. We proceed in three parts. First, we review
Mullerian inhibiting substance inhibits ovarian cell growth through an Rb-independent mechanism.

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), a transforming growth factor-beta family member, causes regression of the Mullerian duct in male embryos. MIS overexpression in transgenic mice ablates the ovary, and MIS inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro, suggesting a key role for this hormone in postnatal development of the ovary. This report describes a mechanism for MIS-mediated growth inhibition in both a human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line and a cell line derived from normal ovarian surface epithelium, which is the origin of human epithelial ovarian cancers. MIS-treated cells accumulated in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle and subsequently underwent apoptosis. MIS up-regulated the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 through an MIS type II receptor-mediated mechanism and inhibited growth in the absence of detectable or inactive Rb protein. Prolonged treatment with MIS down-regulated the Rb-related protein p130 and increased the Rb family-regulated transcription factor E2F1, overexpression of which inhibited growth. These findings demonstrate that p16 is required for MIS-mediated growth inhibition in ovarian epithelial cells and tumor cells and suggest that up-regulation of E2F1 also plays a role in this process.
HER2/ErbB2 Receptor Signaling in Rat and Human Prolactinoma Cells: Strategy for Targeted Prolactinoma Therapy

Dopamine agonist resistance or intolerance is encountered in approximately 20% of prolactinoma patients. Because human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/ErbB2 is overexpressed in prolactinomas and ErbB receptor ligands regulate prolactin (PRL) gene expression, we tested the role of HER2/ErbB2 in prolactinoma hormone regulation and adenoma cell proliferation to assess the rationale for targeting this receptor for prolactinoma therapy. As we showed prolactinoma HER2 overexpression, we generated constitutively active HER2-stable GH3 cell transfectants (HER2CA). PRL mRNA levels were induced approximately 250-fold and PRL secretion was enhanced 100-fold in HER2CA cells, which also exhibited increased proliferation. Lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ErbB1 and HER2, blocked receptor signaling, and suppressed PRL expression more than gefitinib, a TKI of EGFR/ErbB1. Lapatinib also suppressed colony formation in soft agar more than gefitinib. Oral lapatinib treatment caused tumor shrinkage and serum PRL suppression both in HER2CA transfectant-inoculated Wistar-Furth rats and in estrogen-induced Fischer344 rat prolactinomas. In cultured human cells derived from resected prolactinoma tissue, lapatinib suppressed both PRL mRNA expression and secretion. These results demonstrate that prolactinoma HER2 potently induces PRL and regulates experimental prolactinoma cell proliferation. Because pituitary HER2 signaling is abrogated by TKIs, this receptor could be an effective target for prolactinoma therapy.
Transtympanic gentamicin for meniere's syndrome†

Objectives: Study the impact of transtympanic gentamicin on patients with unilateral Meniere's syndrome. Partial chemical labyrinthectomy is a relatively recent concept for the treatment of Meniere's syndrome. It uses the ototoxic effect of gentamicin to reduce the symptom of vertigo and maintain cochlear function. Study Design: A prospective study using transtympanic gentamicin was begun in January 1994. Patients selected had failed medical therapy, but were not incapacitated. Patients had preinjection audiometric and electronystagmography data Most had an imaging study. All had one injection, about half had more than one. Patients were seen 1 month after therapy and repeat studies were obtained. Repeat injection was performed if indicated. Follow-up from the chart or by telephone was obtained. Data were tabulated using the 1995 American Academy of Otologaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery guidelines. Results: Through December 1996 43 patients with unilateral Meniere's syndrome were treated. The pretherapy function level was 3 through 5. After therapy the function level was 1 or 2. There was almost no change in cochlear function and no patient became deaf. Many patients had mild ataxia or dysequilibrium during the first 2 weeks following therapy. Most patients showed some decrease in labyrinthine function measured on electronystagmography. No attempt was made to ablate labyrinthine function. Seventeen of 18 patients had a vertigo index in the class A or B category after 2 years. Conclusions; Transtympanic gentamicin has become the treatment of choice for patients who fail medical therapy for Meniere's syndrome at the authors' institution.
Levamisole-Induced Vasculitis: A Characteristic Cutaneous Vasculitis Associated With Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine

Levamisole-induced vasculitis is a characteristic cutaneous vasculitis syndrome associated with the use of levamisole-adulterated cocaine. Patients will typically present with a painful, purpuric rash in a retiform or stellate pattern with or without central necrosis involving the extremities, trunk, nasal tip, digits, cheeks, and/or ears. A history of cocaine abuse can be elicited. Histologic features include microvascular thrombi and/or leukocytoclastic vasculitis involving small vessels of the superficial and deep dermis. Epidermal involvement is variably seen. Laboratory findings include leukopenia, neutropenia (including agranulocytosis), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, normal coagulation studies, and positive autoantibodies including perinuclear and cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, antinuclear antibody, and lupus anticoagulant. Differential diagnosis includes other microscopic vasculitides, and clinical and laboratory correlation with histologic findings is essential. Lesions typically resolve with the cessation of cocaine use. Because of the treatment implications and rising incidence of this entity, rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential.
Dispersal characteristics of the yucca weevil ( Scyphophorus yuccae ) in a flowering field of Yucca whipplei

ABSTHhcT.-Dispersal charactcristics wcre measured for a population of yucca weevils (Scyplwplwrus YUGcae) in a plot consisting of flowering and nonflowering Yucca whipplei. We compared weevil dispersal to yucca distribution, phe­ nology, and caudex temperature. We also compared weevil movement to wind patterns and time of day. Captured weevils were marked and released into both flowering and nonflowering home plants in the field. Distance traveled, weevil flight direction, and tm'get plant characteristics were recorded. We found that yucca weevils moved only between 1600 h on the release day and 0600 h of the following day. We recorded movement from both nonflowering and old flowering (>1;2 stalk had reached anthesis) yuccas to new flowering (> 1/2 stalk pre-anthesis) yuccas. The pattern ofweevil movement did not match the pattern offlowering yuccas in the field. Yucca weevils moved a mean distance of33 ± 8 m. Caudex temper­ ature appeared to be important for maintaining a population of weevils on a plant. Wind direction was the best predictor of weevil dispersal direction. Weevils consistently moved into the wind, suggesting that they are active fliers. Dispersal characteristics of the yucca weevil have implications for the evolution of the semelparous flowering strategy of Y. whipplei and S. ytllXae life history. Only 2 species in the genus Scyplwphorus are known to exist in the New World (Vaurie 1971). Scyphoplwru. acupunctatus Gyllenhae and Scyphophorus yuccae Horn. (CurcuHoni­ dae: Rhynchophorinae) are found exclusively on either agaves or yuccas, respectively (Vaurie 1971). The organism we studied was S. yuccae, the monophagolls yucca weevil, which feeds on Yucca whipplei Torr. and other members of the genus Yucca in the southwestern region of the United States and Baja California (Waring 1986). The yucca weevil is a fully winged, flat­ tened black beetle without scales or dorsal hairs, usually 10-19 mm long (Vaurie 1971). There is some evidence that S. yuecae damages the inflorescence of 1'. whipplei in such a way that it influences the reproductive strategy of the plant (Huxman and Loik 1996). Therefore, dispersal characteristics of this weevil may be important in better understanding its influence on plant reproduction. Yucca whipplei Torr. ssp. whipplei is a mono­ carpic perennial distributed throughout south­ ern California, from the San Diego coast east and north into the Mojave Desert (Haines 1941, Aker 1982a). Each rosette has a several-year vegetative cycle and then produces a single large inflorescence. The inflorescence may
Modifying an information literacy game for outreach events

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to use a web-based library game as an outreach tool at events. Games in higher education are a trend that libraries have used for information literacy but less frequently for outreach. Although there are relatively few examples of the use of games in academic library outreach events, games have the potential to be excellent outreach tools by engaging students and presenting them with the opportunity to change their perceptions of the library. Design/methodology/approach – The University of North Dakota (UND) Libraries successfully connected with students at an outreach event by using a modified version of the Information Literacy Game originally developed by the University of North Carolina Greensboro (UNCG). UND Librarians created specific technical modifications and an event workflow, highlighted here, that other academic libraries can adapt for use at outreach events to attract both students who are and those who are not typically users of the libra...
Frequency reconfigurable antenna for hand-held wireless devices

In this communication, a balanced frequency-reconfigurable antenna for nine-band operation covering GSM 850/900/1800/1900/UMTS2100/LTE700/2300/2500 /WLAN2400 bands for multiradio mobile platforms is presented. The antenna consists of simple planar geometry with size of 60 × 15 mm2 that is quite practical for implementation on current consumer-type multiradio mobile platforms. The design comprises of a feeding strip and an electromagnetically coupled parasitic shorted strip whose effective length is electronically controlled through a single PIN diode. By combining both ON and OFF states of the PIN diode, four resonance modes are achieved covering nine bands of LTE/WWAN/WLAN operation. The proposed antenna is successfully simulated, fabricated and measured. It has excellent radiation efficiency and positive gains over all nine bands of operation.
LITHIUM PREVENTS OUABAIN-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL CHANGES : TOWARD AN ANIMAL MODEL FOR MANIC DEPRESSION

Both mania and bipolar depression have been associated with decrements in the activity of the sodium and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) membrane pump. Although the role of this observation in the pathophysiology of bipolar illness is unclear, it has been proposed that this defect could be central to the pathogenesis of the illness. In an effort to test this hypothesis, the authors examined the efficacy of lithium pretreatment in attenuating behavioral changes secondary to acute administration of a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) dose of the Na,K-ATPase-inhibiting compound, ouabain, in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Ouabain (10(-3)M) significantly decreased motor activity in automated activity monitors. Lithium pretreatment for 7 d totally prevented this effect. These preliminary data suggest that i.c.v. ouabain administration in the rat may prove to be a viable animal model for bipolar illness.
Challenges and opportunities in economic evaluations of diagnostic tests and procedures

The extensive use of diagnostic tests and the accelerated development of new diagnostic technologies have become major concerns and important factors in escalating health care costs. Not only are diagnostic services themselves expensive, but there is a close link between diagnostic testing and the utilization of therapeutic services. High levels of diagnostic test utilization have been associated with a concomitant high use of surgical and interventional treatments (1). Of course, high utilization may simply reflect early and appropriate detection of disease and its management. To the extent, however, that diagnostic tests may be inaccurate or demonstrate levels of "disease" that do not require treatment, high testing rates may lead to a cascade of medical interventions that will not, in the long run, improve health outcomes (2). An important component, therefore, of quality of care enhancement and rational cost control in medicine may well be the cost-effective and appropriate use of diagnostic services. As the importance of diagnostic tests and procedures and their relationship to medical care resources become better recognized, there will be even more interest in economic evaluations, which start with and focus on diagnostic testing. This will create opportunities for new insights into the reasons for the high cost of medical care and will undoubtedly uncover ways to improve quality rationally and decrease waste and unnecessary expenditures. The SETTING PRIORITIES FOR DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND COSTEFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
The multichain interleukin-2 receptor: from the gene to the bedside.

T cells encompass an array of cell subsets that includes those that mediate important regulatory functions, such as help or suppression, as well as cells that are directly involved in effector functions, such as the cytotoxic destruction of antigen-bearing cells and the production of soluble products termed lymphokines. The success of these responses requires that human T cells change from a resting to an activated state. The activation of T cells requires two sets of signals from cell surface receptors to the nucleus. The first signal is initiated when appropriately processed and presented foreign antigen interacts with the 90-kD polymorphic heterodimeric T-cell surface receptor for the specific antigen. Following the interaction of the antigen presented in the context of products of the major histocompatibility locus and the macrophage-derived interleukin-1 with the antigen receptor, T cells express the gene encoding the lymphokine interleukin-2 (1, 2). To exert its biological effect, IL-2 must interact with specific high-affinity membrane receptors. Resting T cells do not express high-affinity IL-2 receptors, but receptors are rapidly expressed on T cells after activation with an antigen or mitogen (3, 4). Thus, the growth factor IL-2 and its receptor are absent in resting T cells, but after activation the genes for both proteins become expressed.
Accuracy of urinary human papillomavirus testing for the presence of cervical human papillomaviruses and higher grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

BACKGROUND Although urine-based testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) is being explored as a practical approach for cervical cancer screening, whether the results differ by age, race, or indicators of excess body weight or in populations exposed to HPV vaccines has not been documented by previous studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of urinary HPV testing for the presence of cervical HPVs and high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (grade 2 and 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN]) by the aforementioned population characteristics. METHODS The study population consisted of 502 women diagnosed with different grades of CIN. HPV testing was performed with paired urine and cervical cell DNA with the Roche Diagnostics Linear Array test. Agreement coefficient 1 and probabilities were calculated to determine the accuracy of urinary HPV testing for the presence of cervical HPVs and CIN lesions. RESULTS Substantial to almost perfect agreement (0.66-0.83) was observed in the detection of any HPV genotype in urine specimens versus cervical specimens, regardless of the population characteristics. Although the positive predictive value for the detection of CIN lesions was relatively low, the negative predictive value for CIN-3 was high (≥90%) among women positive for any of the urinary or cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes or HPV genotypes not included in currently available HPV vaccines. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that urinary HPV testing provides highly satisfactory results for excluding the possibility of any cervical HPV infections, including HPV types not included in vaccines and CIN lesions associated with any HR-HPV, regardless of a woman's age, race, or excess body weight. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2836–2844. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in the median preoptic nucleus improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction in the rat.

Previous reports indicate that overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O2•-) scavenging enzyme, in the brain subfornical organ improves cardiac function in a mouse model of heart failure (HF). A downstream hypothalamic site, the MnPO, may act as a relay center for O2•- to serve as a mediator in the pathophysiology of HF. To test the hypothesis that elevated O2•- in the MnPO contributes to the pathophysiology of HF and decreased cardiac function, we injected adenovirus encoding CuZnSOD (AdCuZnSOD, n=7) or control empty adenovirus vector (AdEmpty, n=7) into the MnPO of normal rats. Subsequently, rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation to create a myocardial infarct (MI) of the left ventricle. Cardiac function was monitored via echocardiography. Upon completion, rat brains were examined for CuZnSOD expression in MnPO via immunofluorescence and histopathological analyses of cardiac infarct size were conducted. Baseline (EF) ejection fractions (%) of AdCuZnSOD and AdEmpty rats were 73±1 and 71±1, respectively. Two weeks after MI, EF was significantly decreased in both groups of rats (AdCuZnSOD: 51±3, AdEmpty: 46±1). In contrast by 4 weeks post MI, EF had improved to 64±2 in AdCuZnSOD rats yet was only 52±1 in AdEmpty rats, and this was accompanied by lower plasma norepinephrine levels in AdCuZnSOD rats (0.49±0.19 ng/ml) compared to AdEmpty rats (1.20±0.32 ng/ml). In conclusion, despite decreases in EF early after MI, overexpression of CuZnSOD in the MnPO was related to an improvement in left ventricular function and concomitant decreased plasma norepinephrine levels 4 weeks post MI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Social Security Administration's continuous work history sample.

In 1939, the original Social Security Act was amended to require that eligibility for benefits and payment amounts would be determined based on quarters of coverage (employment) and annual wages. These amendments required the Social Security Administration (SSA) to develop a recordkeeping system that collected quarterly wage and salary amounts for workers covered by the Act. The Continuous Work History Sample (CWHS) evolved from the early production of information from this employment data base. Through the years, the CWHS has adapted to changes in Social Security programs and linkages were developed to employer and benefit data bases. The CWHS is a major source of Social Security program statistics and workforce data. Tabulations and microdata files from the CWHS data bases are regularly used by SSA staff in making revenue estimates, evaluating legislative proposals, and responding to informational inquiries. Today, the CWHS data in aggregated form are used at various levels of government outside of SSA for special analytic and research needs. In the past, special versions of the CWHS microdata files were made available to researchers under strict confidentiality restraints and with signed agreements on the specific conditions of use. However, certain confidentiality and disclosure issues raised in the interpretation of the Tax Reform Act of 1976 have prevented any recent releases of the CWHS to non-SSA researchers.
Values, Emotions, and Benefit-Risk Assessment: Explicating Local Policy Elites' Perceived Utility of High Voltage Power Line Installations Proposed in the State of Arkansas

Policy controversies concerning the prioritized expansion of the National Energy Grid in the U.S. have drawn our attention to examine the variations of benefit-risk perceptions associated with High Voltage Power Line (HVPL) installation among policy elites, a critical conceptual segment of political actors constituting the U.S. energy policy subsystem. From early psychometric studies to more recent explorations of the emotional aspects of risk appraisal, specifying the role of affective feelings in understanding risk judgment has been a subject of much previous research. This paper seeks to advance such an affect-driven approach in an attempt to account for social psychology-based factors by systemically investigating how specific emotions and personally held intrinsic values and beliefs jointly influence individual level perceptions of HVPL benefits and risks, relying on recent original survey data containing individual responses from 420 anonymous community leaders and key local policymakers (e.g., mayors, city administrators, and city council and chamber of commerce members) in the state of Arkansas. Building upon previous research rooted in the dual process model of risk judgment and appraisal tendency framework, a particular emphasis is given to identifying the triadic relationship between culturally biased value predispositions, specific emotional dimensions of affect heuristics, and perceptions pertaining to various aspects of HVPL risks and benefits. Through the implementation of the causal mediation analysis, we found that the effect of cultural value predispositions (i.e., egalitarianism, individualism, hierarchism, and fatalism) on perceived benefits and risks associated with HPVL installation among policy elites are partially mediated by specific affective feelings (i.e., fear, anger, happiness, and excitement) in very distinct ways. We conclude this paper by suggesting that a more robust understanding of the cognitive mechanism of benefit-risk perceptions, particularly those of individuals with more opportunities and resources to shape related policies, promises valuable insight for the development of more effective risk communications and better policymaking practices.
Use of flow cytometry during induction chemotherapy to determine outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia.

7104 Background: The use of MRD to predict outcome in AML is controversial. We sought to determine concordance between FC and BM biopsy morphology on day 14 (D14BM) and CR bone marrow (CRBM) specimens and whether MRD detected by FC predicted for inferior outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of adult AML patients treated between 2005 and 2010 with standard induction chemotherapy. Based upon BM morphology and FC, patients were designated as BM+FC+, BM+FC-, BM-FC+, or BM-FC-. Outcomes assessed included induction failure, RFS and OS. Results were adjusted for age at diagnosis, NCCN risk classification, and secondary AML status. Results: Of 287 evaluable patients, 74 had D14 BM and FC results and 98 had CR BM and FC results. Using BM morphology as the gold standard, discordance rates for the presence and absence of disease for the D14 BM by FC were 29% and 23% respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients categorized as BM-FC+ at D14 were more likely to experience induction fai...
Label-Free Chemical Imaging of Latent Fingerprints with Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy.

Fingerprints have long been the gold standard for personal identification in forensic investigations. Methods for cultivating and enhancing the visualization of latent fingerprints (LFPs) are continuously evolving. One important challenge is to identify suspicious chemicals present in fingerprint residues, which requires chemical imaging capability. Recently, vibrational spectroscopy has shown that LFP analysis through tape-lift, Raman mapping, and multivariate data analysis presents a useful tool for forensic investigation. However, there are still major difficulties in terms of acquisition speed, poor spatial resolution, and lack of sensitivity. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to quickly and easily extract LFP patterns from different substrates. Contrary to what has been reported, no obvious fingerprint degradation or lipid diffusion is observed with either glass or stainless steel substrate. Importantly, we demonstrate that trace exogenous chemicals can...
The Gate Completion G: of a Lattice-Ordered Permutation Group

The gate completion G: of an l-permutation group (G,Ω) is the l-subgroup of A(Ω) consisting of those elements which “respect the tyings” (roughly, the equality of stabilizer subgroups) of (G,Ω), or equivalently, which can be “finitely gated” by elements of G (detailed definitions later). We assume throughout that the dead segments of (G,Ω) have been collapsed to points. When (G,Ω) has (order) closed stabilizer subgroups (and every completely distributive l-group can be so represented), the l-group G: turns out to be independent of the representation, being in fact the α-completion Gα of G.
The Effect of Unemployment Insurance Generosity on Unemployment Duration and Labor Market Transitions

This paper examines the impact of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit generosity on labor market transitions in Turkey from 2002 to 2012. Using a unique administrative dataset, I take advantage of a sharp discontinuity in treatment assignment at 900-paid-premium-days to identify the impact of generosity on the outcome variables. I find that unemployment benefit duration is increased by approximately 0.07 weeks per additional week of UI. However, more generous benefits lead to lower probabilities of transition to employment and the impact is greater compared to developed countries. In addition, workers who are entitled to longer UI periods have lower probabilities of cheating the system and rejecting the services of the Turkish Employment Agency.
Anti-TNF and thiopurine therapy in pregnant IBD patients does not significantly alter a panel of B-cell and T-cell subsets in 1-year-old infants.

Infants exposed to combination therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents and thiopurines may exhibit increased infections at 1 year of age compared to unexposed infants. We hypothesized that this increased risk of infection is due to abnormal development of the newborn immune system. We immunophenotyped B-cell and T-cell subsets using multiparameter flow cytometry in 1-year-old infants whose mothers were exposed to therapeutic agents for IBD. We analyzed samples from infants exposed to infliximab (IFX) or adalimumab (ADA) monotherapy (IFX/ADA, n = 11), certolizumab pegol (CZP) monotherapy (CZP, n = 4), IFX or ADA plus thiopurine combination therapy (IFX/ADA + IM, n = 4), and CZP plus thiopurine combination therapy (CZP + IM, n = 2). Percentages of B cells, CD4+ T helper cells, T regulatory cells (Tregs), and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, were similar among the groups. Infants exposed to combination therapy (IFX/ADA + IM) exhibited trends toward fewer CD27+ B cells, switched memory B cells, plasmablasts, interferon gamma (IFNγ)-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CCR5+CD4+ T cells, but these did not reach statistical significance. Multiparameter immunophenotyping of major B-cell and T-cell subsets suggests that the adaptive newborn immune system develops largely unaltered after exposure to combination therapy as compared to anti-TNF monotherapy.
Studies of Protein Farnesylation in Yeast

Protein farnesylation has emerged as one of the important classes of posttranslational modification of proteins [84, 109]. Farnesylation is the first step in a three-step series of protein processing and involves the addition of a farnesyl group to a cysteine located in a C-terminal motif called the CaaX motif (C is cysteine, a is aliphatic amino acid, and X is the C-terminal amino acid that is usually methionine, cysteine, glutamine, alanine, or serine). These proteins subsequently undergo proteolytic cleavage and carboxylmethylation (Figure 1). Significance of protein farnesylation in human cancer has been underscored by the findings that many proteins undergoing farnesylation play roles in signal transduction. Of these, Ras proteins are particularly noteworthy.
Zika Virus and the Metabolism of Neuronal Cells

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with abnormal functions of neuronal cells causing neurological disorders such as microcephaly in the newborns and Guillain–Barre syndrome in the adults. Typically, healthy brain growth is associated with normal neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. This process requires a controlled cellular metabolism that is essential for normal migration, axonal elongation, and dendrite morphogenesis of newly generated neurons. Thus, the remarkable changes in the cellular metabolism during early stages of neuronal stem cell differentiation are crucial for brain development. Recent studies show that ZIKV directly infects neuronal stem cells in the fetus and impairs brain growth. In this review, we highlighted the fact that the activation of P53 and inhibition of the mTOR pathway by ZIKV infection to neuronal stem cells induces early shifting from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) may induce immature differentiation, apoptosis, and stem cell exhaustion. We hypothesize that ZIKV infection to mature myelin-producing cells and resulting metabolic shift may lead to the development of neurological diseases, such as Guillain–Barre syndrome. Thus, the effects of ZIKV on the cellular metabolism of neuronal cells may lead to the incidence of neurological disorders as observed recently during ZIKV infection.
Trends in female leadership at high-profile otolaryngology journals, 1997-2017

Objectives To determine the proportion and relative advancement of women in leadership positions at high-impact otolaryngology journals. Methods Nine clinical otolaryngology journals were selected based on high impact factor and subspecialty representation (journal impact factor, 2016: 1.16-2.95). The proportion of women editorial board members associate and/or section editors, and/or editor-in-chief was measured from 1997 to 2017. Comparisons were made to the proportion of women otolaryngology faculty at U.S. medical schools in 2017. Results From 1997 to 2017, female editorial board membership increased from 7.2% (range: 0.0%-12.8%) to 17.7% (range: 10.9%-38.9%) (P = 0.0001). In 2017, the proportion of female editorial board members was significantly less than the proportion of female academic otolaryngology faculty (17.7% vs. 27.7%, P = 0.0001), and there was threefold variation between journals. From 1997 to 2017, the proportion of female associate and/or section editors increased from 9.3% (range: 0.0-27.3) to 20.9% (range: 5.3% to 45.5%) (P = 0.09). In 2017, the proportion of female associate and/or section editors was not significantly different than the proportion of female associate or full professor academic otolaryngology faculty (20.9% vs. 19.5%, P = 0.73), but there was ninefold variation between journals. Conclusion Women were underrepresented on eight of nine otolaryngology editorial boards but appropriately represented at the associate and/or section editorship level. There was remarkable variation in representation at individual journals, which may provide future opportunities to examine best practices. Disparity exists in leadership at the most senior level of these high-profile otolaryngology journals: none had women editor-in-chiefs. Level of evidence NA Laryngoscope, 129:2031-2035, 2019.
Phosphate addition strategies for enhancing the co-production of lipid and chitin nanofibers during fed-batch cultivation of the diatom Cyclotella sp.

Abstract Diatom microalgae require dissolved silicon for cell division. This study assessed three phosphate addition modes for controlling the co-production of lipids and extracellular chitin nanofibers by the centric diatom Cyclotella sp. under silicon-limited cell division during two-stage, fed-batch photobioreactor cultivation. In Stage I, diatom cells were grown on an initial charge of dissolved silicon (Si), nitrate (N), and phosphate (P) to initialize the silicon-starved state. In Stage II, cells were continuously fed 0.20 mmol L−1 day−1 Si with 1.9 mol N/mol Si for 7–9 days to provide 9·106 cells mL−1 by Si-delivery limited cell division. The culture was fed phosphate by three modes (A, B, C). In mode A, phosphate was added at the beginning of Stage I (0.01 to 0.04 mM) with no additional phosphate added to Stage II. In mode B, phosphate was also added as a single pulse to the beginning of Stage II, whereas in mode C, a concentrated feed phosphate solution was pumped to the culture during Stage II to provide 0.006–0.04 mmol P L−1 culture day−1. Cells took up all phosphate delivered in each mode. In mode A, a controlled P-limited state was superimposed on silicon-delivery limited cell division, with minimum requirement for cell division of 9.4 ± 0.7 μmol P/109 cells. Cell number and chitin production rate scaled linearly to phosphate delivery, but lipid yields exceeding 60 wt% were not sustained beyond one cell division in Stage II. In mode C, cell division and co-production of lipid and chitin were sustained, with productivities of 1.1·106 cells mL−1 day−1, 31 ± 2 mg lipid L−1 day−1 and 17 ± 2 mg chitin L−1 day−1 in Stage II, with similar results obtained by mode B. Overall, these phosphate delivery strategies identified minimum phosphate requirements, and controlled the rate and selectivity of lipid and chitin nanofiber production.
Teoria Arquivística: muito barulho por nada

The field of archival theory is not as fertile as Frank Burke, Gregg Kimball, and others suggest. There are two strains to archival theory. One strain is archival but not theoretical, and deals with the practical, how-to, nitty-gritty of archival work; this is the responsibility of archival clinicians. The other is theoretical but not archival and is concerned with historiography; this is an endeavor not for archivists as archivists but for archivists as historians. This leaves very restricted territory indeed for the archival theorist qua archival theorist. Moreover, the calls for developing a body of archival theory may derive less from an objective need for more archival theory than from an emotional need on the part of an archival community seeking greater professional acceptance.