cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Mechanical and Steroid Contraceptive Methods on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Women

78 women whose diastolic blood pressure exceeded 90 mmHg were selected for the study. 19 of the group chose the IUD as a contraceptive measure (the control group) 33 chose the combination oral contraceptive Ovulen (1 mg ethynodiol diacetate/.1 mg mestranol 12 chose the progestogen minipill norgestrel .75 mg and 14 chose the progestogen minipill ethynodiol diacetate .25 mg. The IUD group consistently gained weight during the year of monitoring though the other groups showed varied increases. Increased blood pressure is often recognized in association with oral contraceptive use and estrogen is often regarded as a cause of hypertension. In this study women using the combination oral contraceptive and progestogen minipills evidenced a decrease in blood pressure. This difference was significant at p<.01 for all 3 groups at the 6-month checkup and for norgestrel was still significant at 12 months. It is suggested that hypertension is not an absolute contraindication to the use of steroid contraceptives and that the progrestogen contraceptive may be an ideal fertility control method.
Infrasonic Measures as an Index of Workload

This study investigated whether sub-auditory, infrasonic measures of vocal cord microtremors are sensitive to workload manipulations in a collaborative command and control task. Research participants performed 16 hours of simulated military command and control scenarios during which time task demand and access to collaborative tools were manipulated. NASA-TLX scores were used to assess subjective workload while infrasonic measures of vocal cord undulations were used as an objective measure of workload. The results of this study suggest that during high task demand trials infrasonic measures increased. In addition, during trials with access to collaborative tools that have previously been found to decrease subjective workload, infrasonic measures also decreased. Subjective workload scores and infrasonic measures were also found to correlate during trials. These results provide promising empirical evidence for the efficacy of this non-intrusive, non-invasive measure of operator workload.
Study on the Chemical Stability of High Energy Solid Propellant (I)——Study on the Effect Factors of the Thermal Weight Loss

The behaviors of thermal weight loss of NEPE high energy solid propellant under different storage conditions werestudied.The relationship between thermal weight loss and storage conditions was obtained as follows: The rate of thermal weight loss ofhigh energy solid propellant increases with the temperature rise when the sample size and storage condition are same.The rate of thermalweight loss of the sample in open condition is faster than that in airproof condition when the sample size and temperature are same.Comparing nitric acid ester content changes with the time in open and airproof conditions,it is considered that the difference of thermalweight loss rate between open condition and airproof condition has close relation to volatilization of nitric acid ester.
Suicidality in Bipolar Disorder: The Role of Emotion‐Triggered Impulsivity

A growing body of research suggests that impulsive responses to emotion more robustly predict suicidality than do other forms of impulsivity. This issue has not yet been examined within bipolar disorder, however. Participants diagnosed with bipolar I disorder (n = 133) and control participants (n = 110) diagnosed with no mood or psychotic disorder completed self-report measures of emotion-triggered impulsivity (Negative and Positive Urgency Scales) and interviews concerning lifetime suicidality. Analyses examined the effects of emotion-triggered impulsivity alone and in combination with gender, age of onset, depression severity, comorbid anxiety, comorbid substance use, and medication. A history of suicide ideation and attempts, as well as self-harm, were significantly more common in the bipolar disorder group compared with the control group. Impulsive responses to positive emotions related to suicide ideation, attempts, and self-harm within the bipolar group. Findings extend research on the importance of emotion-triggered impulsivity to a broad range of key outcomes within bipolar disorder. The discussion focuses on limitations and potential clinical implications.
Epistemic Game Theory: Beliefs and Types

John Harsanyi (1967–8) introduced the formalism of type spaces to provide a simple and parsimonious representation of belief hierarchies. He explicitly noted that his formalism was not limited to modelling a player’s beliefs about payoff-relevant variables: rather, its strength was precisely the ease with which Ann’s beliefs about Bob’s beliefs about payoff variables, Ann’s beliefs about Bob’s beliefs about Ann’s beliefs about payoff variables, and so on, could be represented.
Neuraxial Blockade for Cesarean Delivery

Summary Neuraxial blockade (spinal and epidural anesthesia) has become the primary means of administering anesthesia for cesarean delivery in the United States. These techniques, when properly administered, allow the production of nearly ideal operating conditions, excellent maintenance of both maternal and fetal homeostasis, and offer the advantages of an awake, cooperative, and participating patient during the birth process. These advantages over general anesthesia are considerable, and with proper attention to the details of management, as elucidated previously, safe and effective anesthesia can be provided with these techniques. However, the apparent safety of these techniques require even more vigilance by the anesthesiologist to detect as early as possible the occasionally disastrous complications that may arise, and the practitioner of these techniques must be ready to treat at any time the oftentimes unbelievably rapid development of life-threatening complications.
Multicultural Families—What Makes Them Work?

Encouraging people from different cultural backgrounds to get along with each other has long been a concern in American society. Multicultural families offer an opportunity to examine the possibilities of living and working with persons from different cultures. This paper presents an initial analysis of 29 open-ended interviews with individuals whose parents were from different cultural backgrounds. Issues considered include the following: How did the members get along? How did they “maneuver” their varying cultural differences? Do they tend to follow one cultural pattern more than another? If so, which? How do children adjust to the multiculturalism—especially in a world which often assumes a single culture? Hopefully this analysis of multicultural patterns in the intimate relations of a family can help to suggest ways to improve multicultural relations in other social settings as well.
LEMUR 3: A limbed climbing robot for extreme terrain mobility in space

This paper introduces a new four-limbed robot, LEMUR 3, that has demonstrated climbing on cliff faces and smooth glass. Each limb on the robot consists of seven identical actuators in a serial chain. Each limb terminates in a single axis force sensor that allows various end effectors to be mounted and connected to the robot's power and communication system. Microspine grippers were used for climbing the rocky surface and gecko adhesive grippers were used for the glass solar panels. All other hardware and much of the software was common for the two demonstrations. The robot's mechanical, electrical, and software systems, various gripping devices, and field demonstrations are described. Limbed mobility is of interest to JPL and NASA because of its potential to access extreme terrain, including that on Mars and in microgravity environments.
Engineering Resistors: Engineering Latina/o Students and Emerging Resistant Capital:

This qualitative study examined how Latina/o engineering students, members of a student organization, used their emergent resistant capital in their academic trajectories. Their emergent resistant ...
Abstract 19140: Prediction of Inotrope Initiation in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure

Introduction: It is now widely accepted that the need for inotropic therapy initiation in advanced heart failure (INTERMACS Class 3) in otherwise suitable patients constitutes the closing point of the ideal time window to initiate long term mechanical circulatory support. In this study, we sought to predict this time point. Hypothesis: Maximal exercise testing in conjunction with echocardiographic parameters can be used to objectively stratify a pts risk for inotrope dependence. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of pts in various stages of HF. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and echocardiograms were performed at baseline, and the pts were followed for 48 months. The primary endpoint was inotrope initiation; secondary endpoints included LVAD implantation, heart transplantation, and death. Results: One hundred and thirty-five pts were enrolled. The mean pt age was 53 ± 13 years, 74% were male, and 34% had ischemic cardiomyopathy. The cohort was 15%, 40%, 45%, and NYHA Class I, II, and III respectively. Pts were followed for a median duration of 31 months (IQR: 16-46). Since enrollment, 19 pts (14.1%) have been initiated on inotrope therapy. Univariate predictors of inotrope dependence that were entered into the multivariable Cox model are: left ventricular ejection fraction, peak oxygen consumption, and heart rate reserve >45%. The derived score predicts inotrope initiation within one year with a sensitivity of 78.6% and specificity of 73.7% (ROC curve AUC=0.82). Probability of inotrope initiation was well stratified by scoring quartiles. Conclusion: A simple score comprised of left ventricular ejection fraction, peak oxygen consumption, and heart rate reserve >45% can help predict HF deterioration. Validation of a successful model which predicts time to inotrope use would be beneficial for appropriate timing of mechanical circulatory support.
A household survey of older Iu-Mien refugees in rural California.

There is a very sparse literature on the distinct named cultural groupsthat migrated from Southeast Asia to the USA in recent years, especially onthe elderly. People aged 60 or more years from one specific group, Iu-Mienrefugees primarily from the highlands of Laos, are discussed here, through:(a) a review of available information about the traditional roles of olderpeople and adjustment to life in the USA, and (b) a household survey of onecommunity of Iu-Mien in Merced, California. Older people comprise a largerthan expected proportion (7%) of the Iu-Mien community. The largehouseholds remain traditional in composition with many older men acting aspatriarchs to several generations of lineal kin. Women, who are usuallywidows, tend to live with the families of sons or sons-in-law.Intergenerational disaffection has been reported in the literature, in partdue to the status losses by older people and role reversals so common amongrefugees.
Testing a Bifactor Model of Relational and Physical Aggression in Early Childhood

Different approaches have been used to classify children as relationally aggressive, physically aggressive, or both relationally and physically aggressive (co-occurring aggression). The goal of the current study (N = 164, 50.9% boys, M age = 47.75 months, SD = 7.37) was to test a bifactor model of aggression, which allows for aggression to be assessed dimensionally, and postulates a co-occurring aggression factor as well as unique relational and physical aggression factors, during early childhood. Aggression was measured using reliable observer and teacher reports of physical and relational aggression subscales. The two-factor model was an adequate fit to the data but the bifactor model was a significant improvement in model fit compared to the two-factor model. Alternative statistics for evaluating bifactor models were used in the current study. The measurement invariance (e.g., configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance) of the bifactor model was tested across gender and results from the bifactor model using teacher report showed that the model was invariant across gender. Lastly, the criterion validity of the model was examined by evaluating the relations between the bifactor model and observations of physical and relational aggression and results generally supported the validity of the bifactor model. Overall, results suggest that a bifactor model of aggression may be a useful method for studying aggression in early childhood.
Suppression of Lateral Diffusion and Surface Leakage Currents in nBn Photodetectors Using an Inverted Design

Surface leakage and lateral diffusion currents in InAs-based nBn photodetectors have been investigated. Devices fabricated using a shallow etch processing scheme that etches through the top contact and stops at the barrier exhibited large lateral diffusion current but undetectably low surface leakage. Such large lateral diffusion current significantly increased the dark current, especially in small devices, and causes pixel-to-pixel crosstalk in detector arrays. To eliminate the lateral diffusion current, two different approaches were examined. The conventional solution utilized a deep etch process, which etches through the top contact, barrier, and absorber. This deep etch processing scheme eliminated lateral diffusion, but introduced high surface current along the device mesa sidewalls, increasing the dark current. High device failure rate was also observed in deep-etched nBn structures. An alternative approach to limit lateral diffusion used an inverted nBn structure that has its absorber grown above the barrier. Like the shallow etch process on conventional nBn structures, the inverted nBn devices were fabricated with a processing scheme that only etches the top layer (the absorber, in this case) but avoids etching through the barrier. The results show that inverted nBn devices have the advantage of eliminating the lateral diffusion current without introducing elevated surface current.
Hypercalcemia of malignancy: a review of advances in pathophysiology.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review normal calcium homeostasis, recent advances in understanding the pathologic mechanisms responsible for precipitating hypercalcemia of malignancy, the role of the kidneys in potentiating hypercalcemia, and the principles of antihypercalcemic treatment. DATA SOURCES: Journal articles, edited reference works, and selected texts. DATA SYNTHESIS: A complex set of changes in calcium processing in the intestine, kidney, and bone, mediated by humoral factors released from or induced by malignant cells, is responsible for development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM). CONCLUSIONS: A minor cause of cancer-induced hypercalcemia is bone destruction resulting from direct tumor invasion. Synergistic interactions between humoral factors stimulated by the presence of malignant cells enhance bone resorption of calcium and impair renal excretion of calcium ions resulting in HHM. Essential facets of antihypercalcemic treatment include controlling the precipitating malignancy, reversing dehydration, and inhibiting bone resorption. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The signs and symptoms of increasing serum calcium are difficult to distinguish from disease-related or cytotoxic treatment-related side effects. Oncology nurses must have an understanding of which malignancies pose increased risk and how pathophysiologic mechanisms precipitate or contribute to hypercalcemia of malignancy. Knowledge of the rationales for the various treatment modalities will assist nurses in implementing antihypercalcemic treatments, evaluating treatment effectiveness and side effects, instituting pain management programs, and providing comfort measures and emotional support.
How bariatric surgery affects liver volume and fat density in NAFLD patients.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an epidemic in the obese population. Bariatric surgery is known to reverse multiple metabolic complications of obesity such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and NAFLD, but the timing of liver changes has not been well described. This was an IRB-approved, two-institutional prospective study. Bariatric patients received MRIs at baseline and after a pre-operative liquid diet. Liver biopsies were performed during surgery and if NAFLD positive, the patients received MRIs at 1, 3, and 6 months. Liver volumes and proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) were calculated from offline MRI images. Primary outcomes were changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), percent excess weight loss (EWL%), liver volume, and PDFF. Resolution of steatosis, as defined as PDFF < 6.4% based on previously published cutoffs, was assessed. Secondarily, outcomes were compared between patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). From October 2010 to June 2015, 124 patients were recruited. 49 patients (39.5%) completed all five scans. EWL% at 6 months was 55.6 ± 19.0%. BMI decreased from 45.3 ± 5.9 to 34.4 ± 5.1 kg/m2 and mean liver volume decreased from 2464.6 ± 619.4 to 1874.3 ± 387.8 cm3 with a volume change of 21.4 ± 11.4%. PDFF decreased from 16.6 ± 7.8 to 4.4 ± 3.4%. At 6 months, 83.7% patients had resolution of steatosis. Liver volume plateaued at 1 month, but PDFF and BMI continued to decrease. There were no statistically significant differences in liver volume or PDFF reduction from baseline to 6 months between the LSG versus LRYGB subgroups. Patients with NAFLD undergoing bariatric surgery can expect significant decreases in liver volume and hepatic steatosis at 6 months, with 83.7% of patients achieving resolution of steatosis. Liver volume reduction plateaus 1-month post-bariatric surgery, but PDFF continues to decrease. LSG and LRYGB did not differ in efficacy for inducing regression of hepatosteatosis.
Switched motorized assistance during switched functional electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii to compensate for fatigue

Rehabilitation treatments for neurological conditions that result in movement disorders often include functional electrical stimulation (FES) to restore limb function and increase muscle strength. FES elicits muscle contractions to cause a specific movement, such as a biceps curl. Experimental evidence by the authors suggests that switching stimulation across multiple electrodes along the biceps brachii based on the resulting torque effectiveness results in more efficient movements. More repetitions are permitted before the muscle fatigues to a point that would terminate the therapy session. Rehabilitation robotics utilize motors to either assist or resist the user. In this paper, a robotic system is used for two objectives: to track the desired trajectory during biceps brachii extension and to provide assistance during flexion when the muscle fatigues. A switched controller is designed for the FES muscle input and for the motor input that accounts for muscle stimulation saturation. Both controllers are used to track a desired angular position trajectory of the forearm about the elbow. Global exponential tracking is proven using a common Lyapunov function. Experimental results demonstrate the tracking performance of the combined controllers.
Use of Real-Time Dust Monitoring and Surface Condition to Evaluate Success of Unpaved Road Treatments:

Fugitive dust from unpaved roads creates human health hazards, degrades road surfaces, and increases the cost of road maintenance. As a result, many different chemical treatments are applied to unp...
The 15-cm Roux Limb: a Technical Misadventure.

Despite effectively treating obesity and its comorbidities, only a fraction of the growing obese population is evaluated for bariatric surgery. Aside from barriers including resources and social support, patients report personal experience with friends and relatives suffering poor outcomes after bariatric surgery. Rates of mortality, leaks, and strictures have decreased over the past 20 years, but few instances of gross surgeon error have been reported in the literature. Our objective is to report and demonstrate the revision of a critically shortened Roux limb in a patient with chronic nausea and dysphagia found to have a 15-cm Roux limb and briefly discuss its implications. We performed a successful laparoscopic revision of this patient’s previous Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, with creation of a 125-cm Roux limb. Total operative time was 87 min, there were no major intraoperative complications, and the post-operative course was unremarkable. At one-month follow-up, the patient reported complete resolution of all prior symptoms. At three-month follow-up, BMI decreased from 37 prior to revision to 31. Reducing complications and improving quality of care will support the necessary growth of bariatric surgery. Standards set forth by accreditation bodies such as the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) assist in this endeavor, and technical errors, though difficult to evaluate, should be monitored.
Mothers' Perceptions of Educational Access and Engagement in a Context of Urban Austerity

Abstract This study sheds light upon mothers' perceptions of educational justice in a context of austerity-based educational reforms. Focus group participants (n = 64) described local schools as lacking resources, a shortcoming that contributed to overcrowded classrooms, inadequate transportation, and safety concerns. They were skeptical of elected and appointed state and district officials, who were viewed as misrepresenting the degree of financial strain in the district in order to prioritize financial profit above education services for children. Additionally, respondents struggled to identify opportunities for parent involvement in educational policy making at a state, district, or school level. The shortage of resources, skepticism, and lack of opportunity culminated in what were often described as contentious relationships between parents and school officials. Our results suggest that mothers recognize that they have been disenfranchised as a result of educational reforms. They are more likely to enroll their children and participate in schools when they perceive that there are adequate resources, that children's needs are prioritized above fiscal austerity, and that their opinions are valued.
High Rate Deformation in the Field of a Crack

As part of a study of the crack arrest capabilities of tough steels[1], efforts are underway to simulate rapid crack extension and arrest in elastic-plastic finite element models. As a first step, stationary cracks in compact tension specimens have been modelled and the effects of loading rate, strain rate sensitivity and inertia on JI have been examined. The aim of this work is to examine those features of the plastic zone influential in determining the toughness, namely, the size of the process zone, and the crack tip opening displacement.
Chromosomal 10q26 Trisomy Resulting from Paternal T(9;10)(PTER;Q26.1)

Distal 10q trisomy is a well defined but rare syndrome, and almost always the result of an unbalanced translocation. Clinical evaluation and cytogenetic molecular analyses were performed in a 6-year-old boy with developmental delay and facial dysmorphism including marked blepharophimosis. His karyotype showed an unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 9 and 10, resulting in trisomy of the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 10q26. A balanced translocation of the segment between chromosomes 9 and 10 with breakpoints at 10q26.1 and 9pter or p24.3 was found in his father, who had normal phenotype. Unlike most cases of partial 10q trisomy which have concurrent partial monosomy of one other translocated chromosome, fluorescence in situ hybridization studies revealed this case to be a pure 10q26 trisomy. The translocated 10q segments in most cases of 10q trisomy originate from the father. Imprinting effect may exist in this chromosomal syndrome; distal 10q trisomy from paternal reciprocal translocations is more compatible with life.
Assessment of treatment response to immunotherapy in melanoma patients with pathogenic mutations of NRAS, BRAF, CDKN2A and P53.

e21057Background: BRAF, NRAS, CDKN2A and P53 mutations are commonly observed pathogenic mutations in cutaneous melanoma. The influence of mutations such as BRAF, NRAS, CDKN2A and P53 on treatment r...
Local Volcano Infrasound Monitoring

Infrasound monitoring is employed to enhance understanding of eruption dynamics and to track eruptive activity over time. Local infrasound, where sensors are positioned near to and/or on the flanks of volcanoes, implies that sound transmission from vent to receiver is approximately line-of-sight. Typical assumptions are that pressure decays as the inverse of distance and that attenuation and dispersion effects are minimal. Locally recorded signals thus represent relatively undistorted source time motions and can be used to effectively characterize volcanic activity. Local monitoring can entail a spectrum of installation topologies including single isolated sensors on a volcano, networks of sensors, a single array, or networks of sensor arrays. Stations may be installed as standalone or in telemetered configurations depending upon available resources and research objectives, which may range from simple explosion counting to degassing detection, mapping of vents, or identification of moving sources. Some of these objectives are only possible using arrays. Quantifying volcano infrasound, in terms of both spectral shape, power, and signal envelope, is relatively straightforward using data recorded at local distances. Despite inter-network variability, influenced by potential source directivity, propagation effects, and/or site response, the local infrasound records permit good estimation of total acoustic energy, identification of dominant spectral tones, and signal morphology. These parameters may be robustly compared at a volcano over time and/or compared to other volcanoes. Ultimately, infrasound analysis permits remote surveillance of activity occurring at the vent (or on the slopes) of a volcano that may otherwise be difficult to observe.
MRI Presentation of Infectious Intracranial Aneurysms in Infective Endocarditis

The radiographic appearance of infectious intracranial aneurysms (IIAs) of infective endocarditis (IE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain is varied. We aimed to describe the IIA-specific MRI features in a series of patients with IIAs. Records of patients with active IE who had digital subtraction angiography (DSA) at a tertiary medical center from January 2011 to December 2016 were reviewed. MRIs performed prior to IIA treatment were reviewed for findings on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), diffusion-weighted imaging, and T1 with and without contrast. Of the 732 patients with IE, 53 (7%) had IIAs. Of these, 28 patients had an evaluable pre-treatment MRI, in whom 33 IIAs were imaged. MRI to DSA median time was 1 day (interquartile range = 1–5). On MRI, 12 (36%) IIAs had SWI lesion with contrast enhancement, 7 (21%) had cerebral microbleeds, 3 (11%) had sulcal SWI lesion, 2 (6%) IIAs had abscesses, 3 (9%) had intraparenchymal hemorrhage, 3 (9%) had subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 6 (18%) had ischemic stroke at the anatomical locations of IIAs. Four IIAs (12%) had no correlating MRI findings, though those patients had MRI without contrast. The MRI features such as SWI lesion and contrast enhancement were the commonest MRI presentations associated with the presence of IIA.
Comparison of Perlite and Peat:perlite Rooting Media for Rooting Softwood Stem Cuttings in a Subirrigation System with Minimal Mist

Abstract Perlite and mixtures of milled sphagnum peat and perlite (1:16, 1:8, and 1:4 by vol) were compared as rooting media in a propagation system utilizing subirrigation with minimal mist for ro...
Quantitative characterization of the concentration‐dependent interaction between molecules of Dextran 70 in aqueous solution: Measurement and analysis in the context of thermodynamic and compressible sphere models

The static light scattering and sedimentation equilibrium of solutions of Dextran 70 were measured as functions of concentration up to 100 g/L in pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline at temperatures between 5 and 37 °C. The concentration dependence of scattering intensity and the apparent molar mass obtained from sedimentation equilibrium were found to be nearly independent of temperature over this range to within the uncertainty of measurement. Global analysis of the concentration dependence of both properties yielded a reliable estimate of the concentration-dependent thermodynamic activity coefficient, a quantitative measure of the free energy of self-interaction. The self-interaction between Dextran molecules is compared with that of a globular protein (BSA) and a highly crosslinked polymer of similar molar mass (Ficoll 70). The observed concentration dependence of the free energy of Dextran self-interaction may be quantitatively accounted for by a semi-empirical model in which the polymer molecule is represented by a compressible sphere.
Antibiotic prescribing practices in periodontal surgeries with and without bone grafting

Author(s): Hai, Justine Hoda | Advisor(s): Kapila, Yvonne | Abstract: Background: The prevention of post-operative infection following periodontal surgery is often the basis for antibiotic prescription. The inherent risks of unwarranted antibiotic use and lack of guidelines for procedures involving bone grafts create additional difficulties in decision making for practitioners. This study aims to evaluate practitioners' self-reported practices in antibiotic prescribing for periodontal surgeries with and without bone grafting.Methods: A 15-question anonymous survey using Qualtrics software was distributed to California periodontists via email. The survey included questions about prescribing practices for specific periodontal procedures, rationale questions for choosing to prescribe or not to prescribe antibiotics, demographic and dental practice information. Results were analyzed using McNemar tests and logistic regression.Results: 100 practitioners responded to the survey. Practitioners were significantly less likely to report prescribing antibiotics for traditional periodontal surgeries involving no bone grafting compared to socket preservation, guided tissue regeneration (GTR), guided bone regeneration (GBR) and sinus augmentation (pl0.0001). Practitioners were significantly more likely to report prescribing antibiotics with more complex procedures involving bone grafting, such as GBR and sinus augmentation, when compared to socket preservation (pl0.0001). Seventy-five percent of practitioners responded that they would follow guidelines for antibiotic prescription with boneivgrafting procedures if they were developed and endorsed by the American Academy of Periodontology.Conclusions: Practitioners are more likely to prescribe antibiotics when a bone graft is used and as the complexity of the bone-graft procedure increases. Based on these results and the willingness of practitioners to adopt evidence-based guidelines, the establishment of guidelines for practitioners on the appropriate use of antibiotics would be of benefit to the periodontal practicing community.
Thiol‐ene Hydrogels for Local Delivery of PTH for Bone Regeneration in Critical Size defects

Neither allograft nor commercially available bone graft substitutes provide the same quality of bone healing as autograft. Incorporation of bioactive molecules like parathyroid hormone (PTH) within bone graft substitute materials may provide similar, if not better treatment options to grafting. The goal of this work was to develop a biomaterial system for the local delivery of PTH to large bone defects for promoting bone regeneration. PTH was loaded in a thiol-ene hydrogel at several concentrations and polymerized in and around an osteoconductive poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) scaffold. PTH was shown to be bioactive when released from the hydrogel for up to 21 days. Eighty percent of the PTH was released by day 3 with the remaining 20% released by day 14. Bone healing was quantified in rat critical size femoral defects that were treated with hydrogel/PPF and 0, 1, 3, 10, or 30 µg of PTH. Although complete osseous healing was not observed in all samples in any one treatment group, all samples in the 10 µg PTH group were bridged fully by bone or a combination of bone and cartilage containing hypertrophic chondrocytes and endochondral ossification. Outcome measures indicated improved defect bridging by a combination of bony and cartilaginous tissue in the 10 μg treatment group compared with empty bone defects and defects treated with only hydrogel/PPF (i.e., without PTH). Given the tailorability of the hydrogel, future studies will investigate the effects of prolonged gradual PTH release on bone healing. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:536-544, 2020.
Abnormal Newborn Screening Follow-up for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in an Amish Cohort with Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia.

Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is an autosomal recessive, short limb skeletal dysplasia with a variable immunologic phenotype. The spectrum of immune function ranges from clinically normal to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Multiple studies have shown that abnormal immune parameters may not predict severe outcomes. Newborn screening (NBS) using T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) assay can now effectively identify infants with severe T cell deficiency who are at risk for SCID. NBS has allowed for cost-effective identification of patients with SCID and improved outcomes with hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Ohio reports two abnormal TREC results: decreased and absent TREC. This study evaluated the laboratory and clinical differences in eight Amish patients with CHH with an abnormal TREC result on the NBS. There were four patients with absent TREC and four patients with decreased TREC. The absent TREC patients had lower CD3, CD4, naive CD4, CD8 cells, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Three patients with absent TREC were diagnosed with SCID and two underwent successful HSCT. Patients with absent TREC experienced more CHH-related morbidity including anemia requiring transfusion, Hirschsprung's disease, and failure to thrive. No patients with decreased TREC required HSCT. Our study indicates that CHH patients with absent TREC tend to have more severe immunological and clinical phenotype than patients with decreased TREC. Confirmation of these trends in a larger group would guide providers and parents in a timely referral for HSCT, or cost-effective surveillance monitoring of children with a life-threatening illness.
Health Literacy among Individuals with Disabilities: A Health Information National Trends Survey Analysis.

Introduction Limited health literacy has been shown to be detrimental on health outcomes and the health care system, such as high rates of mortality and health care costs. A disability has been diagnosed in more than 19% of the US population, but the health literacy status of these individuals has yet to be adequately assessed. Objective To examine the health literacy concerns of a nationally representative sample of individuals with disabilities. Methods Data analysis using the Health Information National Trends Survey, a nationally representative survey sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. Descriptive analyses and χ2 tests were conducted to examine the association between sociodemographics, disability status, and health literacy concerns. A weighted logistic regression model was performed to explore associations between disability status and each health literacy concern, controlling for sociodemographics. Results Results show 2 areas of concern for individuals with disabilities compared with those who did not report a disability: The effort to find needed information and being frustrated during the search for information. There was no difference detected between individuals with and without disabilities regarding being concerned about the quality of information found and believing that the information found was hard to understand. Discussion These findings do not support the notion that individuals with disabilities are more likely to experience health literacy difficulties than individuals without disabilities. However, accurately assessing and improving health literacy for the diverse group of individuals with disabilities requires tailored approaches and further attention. Conclusion Precise assessment of health literacy and disabilities is necessary to identify and address the unique concerns of this population.
Refining the Measure of Impression-Relevant Involvement

The goal of this study was to refine and further validate Cho and Boster’s measure of impression-relevant involvement (IRI). Subsequent research has not always been able to confirm the validity of ...
Perceptions of Extended Time Accommodations Among Postsecondary Students With Disabilities

Students with disabilities often take tests using extended time accommodations, which provide students with additional time to complete tests in order to reduce the impact of their disability on th...
In Vitro Reconstitution Reveals a Central Role for the N-Oxygenase PvfB in (Dihydro)pyrazine-N-oxide and Valdiazen Biosynthesis

The Pseudomonas virulence factor (pvf) operon is essential for the biosynthesis of two very different natural product scaffolds: the (dihydro)pyrazine-N-oxides and the diazeniumdiolate, valdiazen. PvfB is a member of the non-heme diiron N-oxygenase enzyme family that commonly convert anilines to their nitroaromatic counterparts. In contrast, we show that PvfB catalyzes N-oxygenation of the α-amine of valine, first to the hydroxylamine and then the nitroso, while linked to the carrier protein of PvfC. PvfB modification of PvfC-tethered valine was observed directly by protein NMR spectroscopy, establishing the intermediacy of the hydroxylamine. This work reveals a central role for PvfB in the biosynthesis of (dihydro)pyrazine-N-oxides and valdiazen.
ISB clinical biomechanics award winner 2019: Knee extensor fatigue resistance in individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Abstract Background Individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction demonstrate quadriceps weakness throughout the post-operative recovery and at the time of returning to sport. This is often accompanied with patterns of quadriceps fatigue resistance. As such, fatigue may be an identifier of individuals with delayed recovery. The purpose was to assess quadriceps fatigue in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed patients at the time of return to sport in comparison to healthy controls. Methods A total of 215 individuals, 120 following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (21.0 (2.9) years, 63 Female, 5.96 (0.48) months post-surgery) and 95 healthy controls (21.5 (8.4) years, 49 Female), participated in this study. All participants completed a 30-s knee extensor maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Knee extensor strength, limb symmetry index, and fatigue (%) were compared between groups. Between-limb fatigue comparisons were made through the Fatigue Index Limb Difference = [(Involved Limb Fatigue Index) – (Uninvolved Limb Fatigue Index)]. Findings Individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (18.7 (10.9)%, −5.6 (11.2)) demonstrated lower values of unilateral fatigue and Fatigue Index Limb Difference compared to healthy participants (22.5 (8.2)%, P = .002; 2.2 (7.9), P Interpretation Individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction demonstrate fatigue resistance compared to healthy active controls and greater resistance to fatigue in their involved limb compared to their contralateral limb.
Capacity Building and Education in Latin America. Contributions and Limitations of the Venezuelan and Colombian Experiences, Lessons Looking into the Future

Capacity building is needed the most in creating widespread awareness, and training those that will be the facilitators of the regeneration process of informal settlements. As per UN-Habitat’s estimates, 2 billion inhabitants (For detailed statistic on sources and types of violence in informal settlements, see United Nations in The challenge of slums. Global report on human settlements. Official, Earthscan Publications Ltd., London 2003), double that of today, will be self-constructing their habitats and creating new informal settlements occupying new territories. This represents a major environmental, socio-economic and political challenge if left to grow spontaneously (For issues derived from urban inequalities, see Grauer in Democracy in Latin America. David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University, 2002). Learning from the Latin American experience, where informality is the principal form of urbanization, planning laws have been enacted or revised, revealing the importance of addressing informal urbanization, which requires the proactive involvement of the public sector. This gave rise to the phenomenon where innovative planning, design and managerial paradigms have been brought in to encourage community engagement. This approach is explained in this chapter with reference to two emblematic Latin American case studies—Caracas in Venezuela and Medellin in Colombia—that focus on upgrading or rehabilitation of informal settlements, pointing out their achievements and limitations, revealing the importance of working on the ground, hand in hand with the communities, and the need for committed political support and efficient municipal management. The lessons derived from these pioneering approachs reveal a series of insights: the importance of changing paradigms and enacting policies to provide skills at the national scale; the need for committed political and technical actions that can tackle informal settlements at the metropolitan scale on a par with site-specific initiatives; and the need for community engagement and the indispensable role of municipal governments working in tandem, and on site, with the communities. The article concludes by providing innovative planning and design solutions for emerging informal settlements in the form of flexible design components, adaptable to different site conditions, which will provide predominately informal cities with higher levels of performance and help residents attain decent living conditions.
Search Engines and E-Businesses: Proposing a Contractual Standard of Good Faith and Fair Dealing

The interaction between search engines and e-commerce Web sites is an issue of critical importance in the current Information Age, where the growing use of the Internet for commerce gave rise to rapidly-growing industries, which in turn depend on search engines to reach their customers. So far, the legal issues involved in that interaction have been only scarcely analyzed by courts, with mixed outcomes. To avoid unfairness and arbitrary actions by search engines, and to prevent search algorithm manipulation by Web sites, a contractual framework should be adopted as the proper tool to analyze and solve disputes between the two parties.
Socio-Demographic and Coping Correlates and Predictors of Depressive Symptoms Among Low-Income and Ethnic Minority Mothers At-Risk.

This study identified coping and sociodemographic correlates and predictors of depressive symptoms in mothers at risk for clinical depression. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed. A ...
Biomarkers for Adverse Lung Injury Following Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Cardiopulmonary bypass triggers systemic inflammation, resulting in lung injury, and frequently leads to prolonged mechanical ventilation. Biomarkers of systemic inflammation are required to predict the risk of such complications. We hypothesize that specific serum proteins can be used as biomarkers to predict the severity of lung injury following cardiac surgery. DESIGN Retrospective chart review study. SETTING Clinical variables were collected and used in conjuncture with unbiased proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry that was performed on frozen plasma samples from a study group (patients with mechanical ventilation > 48 hr post surgery) and a control group (patients with mechanical ventilation < 48 hr post surgery). SUBJECTS Subjects included were infants who underwent cardiac surgery with similar complexity (Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery 3 or 4) using cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients in both groups were matched for their weight, age, and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTION None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Four-hundred eighty-three proteins were identified (99% minimum confidence and two peptides minimum, protein false discovery rate 0.1%) on proteomic analysis of four control and four study patients at precardiopulmonary bypass, 0, and 48 hours postcardiopulmonary bypass samples. Thirty-six of 178 proteins were significantly different (≥ 1.5-fold; p < 0.05) at precardiopulmonary bypass (top increased: tenascin; top decreased: tetranectin), 18 of 140 proteins at 0 hour (top increased: hemoglobin beta; top decreased: C8 beta), and 25 of 166 proteins at 48 hours post surgery (top increased: proteoglycan 4; top decreased: galectin-3-binding protein). The top pathway involved cytoskeleton remodeling. Other pathways involved immune response and blood coagulation. Proteoglycan 4 was validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a different set of samples (n = 20/group; mean ± sd: 128 ± 67 vs 195 ± 160 ng/mL) (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Multiple proteomic biomarkers were associated with worse respiratory outcomes. Precardiopulmonary bypass biomarkers might indicate risk factors (e.g., abnormalities of coagulation), whereas those identified at 0 hour and post cardiopulmonary bypass may reflect mechanisms of ongoing pathobiology.
Wundtherapie – eine Expertise der Dermatologie?!

In Osterreich leiden etwa zwei Prozent der Menschen unter schlecht heilenden Wunden. Im Vordergrund steht das Ulcus cruris mit uberwiegend venoser (72 %), arterieller (8 %) oder venos-arterieller (14 %) Genese. Diese Wunden werden in der Regel durch Arzte fur Allgemeinmedizin und Facharzte versorgt. Wenn eine Betreuung im niedergelassenen Bereich nicht ausreichend moglich ist oder eine zweite Meinung gewunscht wird, kann die Zuweisung an eine Wundheilungsambulanz erfolgen. Die Wundheilungsambulanz dient insbesondere der Diagnostik und Therapie akuter Wunden und chronischer Ulzera. Die Wundbeurteilung und Wundbehandlung durch Pflege und Arzte erfolgt unter interdisziplinaren Gesichtspunkten. Die wesentlichen Vorteile der interdisziplinaren Ursachenabklarung bestehen in der Beseitigung von Storfaktoren und der Einleitung einer auf den jeweiligen Patienten zugeschnittenen spezifischen und kausalen Therapie.
Storytelling for Young Adults: a Guide to Tales for Teens, Second Edition

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Vos De and Gail Year: 2003 Pages: 224 Publisher: Libraries Unlimited ISBN: 9781563089039 (hard cover).
Controlling memory access concurrency in efficient fault-tolerant parallel algorithms

The CRCW PRAM under dynamic fail-stop (no restart) processor behavior is a fault-prone multiprocessor model for which it is possible to both guarantee reliability and preserve efficiency. To handle dynamic faults some redundancy is necessary in the form of many processors concurrently performing a common read or write task. In this paper we show how to significantly decrease this concurrency by bounding it in terms of the number of actual processor faults. We describe a low concurrency, efficient and fault-tolerant algorithm for the Write-All primitive: "using ≤ N processors, write l's into N locations". This primitive can serve as the basis for efficient fault-tolerant simulations of algorithms written for fault-free PRAMs on fault-prone PRAMs. For any dynamic failure pattern F, our algorithm has total write concurrency ≤ |F| and total read concurrency ≤ 7 |F| logN, where |F| is the number of processor faults (for example, there is no concurrency in a run without failures); note that, previous algorithms used Ω(Nlog N) concurrency even in the absence of faults. We also describe a technique for limiting the per step concurrency and present an optimal fault-tolerant EREW PRAM algorithm for Write-All, when all processor faults are initial.