cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stunting in India: An Empirical Approach to Human Rights-Based Solutions

This study was undertaken to understand the relationship between poor sanitation and hygiene, clean drinking water, toilet use, mother’s education, and religious practices and stunting. A human rights theoretical framework was utilized for this study. The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal linkages between childhood stunting and determinants such as religion and mother’s education. The study used data from the Third National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3; International Institute for Population Sciences, 2006). The sample consisted of 17,239 women between the ages of 15 and 49 with a child between the ages of 2 and 5. The dependent variable, stunting, is dichotomized to create stunted and non-stunted groups. Logistic regression and factorial ANOVA were used to test how access to clean drinking water, toilet use, mother’s education, and religious practices impact childhood stunting. International social work efforts should focus on working with social institutions that improve women’s status, and enlisting their participation in public sanitation campaigns will potentially save India from losing its most valuable resource—children. This study pioneers an empirical approach toward developing interventions based on a human rights approach. The approach illustrated in this study may be replicated for developing social work interventions for any number of social problems, which may be cast as a human rights issue.
Enhanced removal of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria innocua from fresh lettuce leaves using surfactants during simulated washing

Abstract Removal of foodborne bacterial pathogens from fresh produce during washing and sanitation process can significantly improve inactivation of the bacteria. Currently, produce wash systems mainly rely on mechanical forces to aid in removal of bacteria attached to the produce surface during washing and sanitation. This study evaluates the potential of surfactants to enhance removal of pathogens from the surface of fresh produce. Influence of three types of commercial food-grade surfactants, including Tween-20, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and lauric arginate (LAE), on the mechanical removal of pathogenic bacteria and viruses from fresh lettuce leaves in the presence of soil was evaluated. The addition of surfactants did not increase the removal of T7 phages from lettuce leaf surface (P > 0.05). The improvement of bacterial removal by addition of surfactants to wash water is corresponding to the decrease of the contact angle between wash water and leaf surface. The most effective Escherichia coli O157:H7-lux removal was obtained by washing with 0.1% LAE, followed by 0.1% Tween-20, then 0.1% SDS. The most enhanced detachment of Listeria innocua was achieved by 0.1% LAE, followed by 0.1% SDS, then 0.1% Tween-20. The presence of soil resulted in an increased resistance of bacterial cells to the washing process. There was no significant difference in the cell persistence on the lettuce surface within the extended incubation period (P > 0.05). The evaluation of lettuce quality indicated that the introduction of surfactants during the washing procedure may affect the firmness of leaves, but the color and electrolyte leakage rate were not affected by the exposure to wash water with surfactants (P > 0.05). Overall, these results suggest the potential of food grade surfactants to enhance the removal of bacteria particularly foodborne pathogens from the surface of fresh produce.
Superconductor to weak-insulator transitions in disordered tantalum nitride films

We study the two-dimensional superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) in thin films of tantalum nitride. At zero magnetic field, films can be disorder-tuned across the SIT by adjusting thickness and film stoichiometry; insulating films exhibit classical hopping transport. Superconducting films exhibit a magnetic-field-tuned SIT, whose insulating ground state at high field appears to be a quantum-corrected metal. Scaling behavior at the field-tuned SIT shows classical percolation critical exponents $z\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\approx}1.3$, with a corresponding critical field ${H}_{c}\ensuremath{\ll}{H}_{c2}$, the upper critical field. The Hall effect exhibits a crossing point near ${H}_{c}$, but with a nonuniversal critical value ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{xy}^{c}$ comparable to the normal-state Hall resistivity. We propose that high-carrier-density metals will always exhibit this pattern of behavior at the boundary between superconducting and (trivially) insulating ground states.
Influence of ardacin supplementation on feedlot performance and digestive function of cattle.

A feedlot growth-performance trial and a metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate a dose response to ardacin (a glycopeptide antibiotic). Treatments consisted of an 88% concentrate finishing diet supplemented to contain (DM basis) 0, 8.25, 16.5., or 33 mg ardacin/kg. The growth-performance trial (129 d) involved 120 heifers and 120 steers in a randomized complete block design. There were no interactions (P less than .10) between sex and response to ardacin. Average daily gain increased (P less than .05) and DM conversion decreased (P less than .01) with increasing levels of ardacin supplementation. At the 33 mg/kg level of supplementation, ADG and DM conversion were improved 10.6 and 5.6%, respectively. Four Holstein steers (344 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used to evaluate treatment effects on characteristics of digestion. There were cubic effects of ardacin on ruminal starch digestion (P less than .05), microbial N synthesis (MNS, P less than .10), and microbial efficiency (MNEFF, grams of MNS/kilogram of OM fermented). For the 16.5 and 33 mg/kg levels of supplementation, ruminal starch digestion was increased 4.9%, and MNS and MNEFF were decreased 12.9 and 15.6%, respectively. Postruminal and total tract digestion of N increased linearly (P less than .10) with ardacin supplementation. Total tract digestion of OM, ADF, and starch were not affected (P greater than .10). Ardacin did not influence (P greater than .10) ruminal pH or molar VFA proportions. It is concluded that supplementation of a finishing diet with 33 mg ardacin/kg will enhance ADG and DM conversion of feedlot steers and heifers.
Impact of Timing on the Functional Recovery Achieved With Platelet Supplementation After Treatment With Ticagrelor

Background—American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines advise waiting 5 to 7 days before operating on P2Y12 inhibitor-treated acute coronary syndrome patients, to allow dis...
Methodological considerations for a chronic neural interface with the cuneate nucleus of macaques

In primates, the neural basis of touch and of our sense of limb posture and movements has been studied in the peripheral nerves and in somatosensory cortex, but coding in the cuneate and external c...
NKp46 expression identifies canine CD3 negative lymphocytes as natural killer cells with phenotypic and functional similarity to those in humans.

Canines are a unique model to study adoptive immunotherapy for cancer as they spontaneously develop many cancers with homology to human disease. However canine natural killer (NK) cells are poorly defined, rendering the model less useful for study of innate immune responses. NKp46 (NCR1) is an activating receptor expressed on NK cells and is considered a species-wide marker for NK cells, but its’ expression profile has not been demonstrated in canine. Therefore, we set out to determine whether NKp46 defines canine NK cells phenotypically and functionally. To this end, we generated a monoclonal mouse anti-canine NKp46 antibody by immunizing mice with L-cells expressing a canine NKp46 fusion protein. Canine peripheral blood cells were cultured in vitro with feeder cells expressing membrane bound human IL-21. The resultant cells were assessed for expression of NKp46, T-cell, B-cell, and macrophage markers. Expression of other NK cell genes were analyzed by RT-PCR. Cytotoxicity assays were conducted using a calcein-release assay with cancer cell lines. NKp46 is expressed on CD3 − primary and cultured cells. Cultured CD3 − /NKp46 + canine lymphocytes displayed spontaneous cytotoxicity against canine tumors and expressed NK cell activating receptors. CD3 − /NKp46 − (null) cultured cells were evident and had intermediate cytotoxicity between CD3 + and CD3 − /NKp46 + cells. NKp46 MFI was inducible in these null cells following activation. We are currently investigating the cytokine, chemokine, and transcription factor profiling of CD3 − /NKp46 + cells. We conclude that canine CD3 − /NKp46 + cells are NK cells with phenotypic and functional similarity to human NK cells. In addition, canines have peripheral blood NK cell precursors that lack NKp46.
Electro-Mechanical Resonance Curves

Recently I have been investigating the frequency response of galvanometers. These are direct-current devices used to measure small currents. By using a low-frequency function generator to supply the alternating–current signal and a stopwatch smartphone app to measure the period, I was able to take data to allow a resonance curve to be drawn. This is the sort of project that should provide a fascinating research experience for the introductory physics student. In this article I will discuss the galvanometers that I used in this work, and will show a resonance curve for one of them.
Elevated expression of keratin 17 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with decreased survival.

Background Overexpression of keratin 17 (K17) is highly associated with poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. This study was performed to (1) determine whether K17 may be a prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and (2) to establish if K17 expression is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) status. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed for K17 of oral, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal SCCs, and normal oropharyngeal mucosa. The HPV status was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Elevated K17 expression was significantly associated with an overall decreased patient survival (P = .02) and, more specifically, in patients with oropharyngeal SCC (P = .01). When controlling for HPV status and tumor location K17 was still a significant predictor of survival (P = .01). Conclusion Therefore, K17 is a novel prognostic biomarker of poor survival for patients with HNSCCs, controlling for anatomic site and HPV status.
What Can Be Revived (and What Cannot)

Aristotle’s nutritive soul remains one of the best descriptions of organismality or vegetable life. Darwin’s evolution by natural selection explains the complex organization of extant life. Kant’s causal nexus unifies natural selection (as a string of efficient causes) and the apparent purposiveness of life (as a final cause). We need only make this process of natural selection the identity or essence of life (as formal cause). Then we can say that a single process, in action and in fulfillment, acts as the efficient, formal, and final cause of a living being. Life is an active, chemical processes whose cause, identity, and purpose are self-perpetuation. The vegetable life-concept can be revived in modern biology through evolution and biological nominalism.
Radiosensitization of human melanoma cells by sorafenib (BAY 43-9006), a multi-kinase inhibitor

4671 The Ras/Raf signaling pathway is an important mediator of tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Aberrant activation of this pathway as a result of activated Ras or mutant B-Raf is known to predict a malignant phenotype in solid tumors. Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006) is a potent inhibitor of Raf-1 (IC50 6 nM), and is also active against VEGFR-2 (IC50 90 nM), VEGFR-3 (IC50 20 nM), and PDGFR-β (IC50 57 nM). Sorafenib inhibits tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis through blockade of these targets. Once-daily oral dosing of sorafenib (30 to 60 mg/kg) has demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in a range of xenograft tumors that express a mutation in K-Ras or B-Raf. Sorafenib has shown promise with evidence of tumor regression observed in multiple tumor types, including Renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, thyroid, sarcoma, and pancreas. Sorafenib has also been evaluated in a combination study with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and is currently in phase III clinical testing for the treatment of metastatic RCC and earlier phase studies for NSCLC, both as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy. However, no data exists on the use of sorafenib in combination with ionizing radiation, making a preclinical evaluation of this combination interesting. Therefore, in the present study, we report the effects of combined treatment with radiation and sorafenib on three human melanoma cell lines, A375, MeWo and WM793. In clonogenic cell survival experiments, sorafenib had significant radiosensitizing effects. Cells were treated either with vehicle alone or with sorafenib (2μM for 24hrs for the A375 and MeWo; 10μM for 24hrs for the WM793 cells). Clonogenic cell survival assay showed that sorafenib enhanced tumor cell radiosensitivity with the survival factor at 2Gy (SF2) being reduced from 49% ± 0.5, 42.4% ± 0.97, and 37.7% ± 1.4 in vehicle treated to 25.2% ± 0.66, 22.5% ± 0.74, and 17.7% ± 1.74 in sorafenib-treated MeWo, A375 and WM793 cells respectively. We examined potential mechanisms that may contribute to the enhanced radiation response induced by sorafenib. Radiation activated pERK1/2 and pAKT in these cell lines, however, this activation was suppressed by sorafenib correlating with its radiosensitizing effects. Overall, our results suggest that sorafenib synergistically interacts with radiation and enhances the radioresponse of human melanoma cells. Based on our results, sorafenib may mediate this effect via its ability to suppress ERK activation downstream of Ras/Raf activation. A detailed investigation of the mechanism is ongoing. The insight gained from the analyses of these molecular mechanisms will be very useful in future research examining the combination of agents such as sorafenib and ionizing radiation.
Climate Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling

Climate models have evolved into Earth system models with representation of the physics, chemistry, and biology of terrestrial ecosystems. This companion book to Gordon Bonan's Ecological Climatology: Concepts and Applications, Third Edition, builds on the concepts introduced there, and provides the mathematical foundation upon which to develop and understand ecosystem models and their relevance for these Earth system models. The book bridges the disciplinary gap among land surface models developed by atmospheric scientists; biogeochemical models, dynamic global vegetation models, and ecosystem demography models developed by ecologists; and ecohydrology models developed by hydrologists. Review questions, supplemental code, and modeling projects are provided, to aid with understanding how the equations are used. The book is an invaluable guide to climate change and terrestrial ecosystem modeling for graduate students and researchers in climate change, climatology, ecology, hydrology, biogeochemistry, meteorology, environmental science, mathematical modeling, and environmental biophysics.
Who I Am Becoming, Now: Toward a Computer Science Professional Identity Instrument

This paper presents preliminary findings from the pilot run of a survey instrument exploring professional identity formation in computer science. Students in computer science (CS) majors negotiate their concept of professional identity (PI) through coursework and engagement in legitimate practices of the computing profession, such as assignments, projects, and internships. Successful PI formation may occur without conscious effort for many CS students, while others struggle to form an authentic sense of identifying with the profession. Poor identity formation may contribute to withdrawal from the major or from the field. Assessing the impact of curricular and extracurricular offerings on students’ PI formation may be difficult for educators. This paper presents development of a survey instrument for measuring PI and findings from its administration with 176 undergraduate CS majors. The survey development was informed by semi-structured interviews with 19 students. For the survey, participants identify job titles they would consider applying to in the future. They then respond to how well one of their possible future job titles describes them in their current role in academia, from their own perspective and from the perspectives of peers and a supervisor. Students who were more advanced in their major, had completed an internship, or participated in a capstone course, responded that the future job title described them more strongly than students earlier in their studies. The pilot data indicates no statistically significant difference in PI strength across gender, but PI was measurably different between Bachelors of Science and Bachelors of Arts CS students at our institution.
Recruitment Without Responsibility: The Problem of Sojourner Adaptation

U.S. business schools are enrolling increasing numbers of foreign students without consideration of their needs. This practice is not educationally sound, nor is it responsible on the part of our institutions or among the individuals involved in instruction. This paper suggests some strategies that can aid in solving the problem.
Assessment of Town and Park Characteristics Related to Physical Activity in the Lower Mississippi Delta.

INTRODUCTION Our objective was to determine aspects of the built environment that may have contributed to the low levels of physical activity reported in both the gestational and postnatal periods by women participating in a diet and physical activity intervention in the rural Lower Mississippi Delta. METHODS The built environments of 12 towns were measured by using the Rural Active Living Assessment tools and the Community Park Audit Tool. Correlations between town assessment scores and town size variables were computed by using Kendall τ coefficient. The street distance from a participant's home address to the nearest park was computed by using network analysis in ArcGIS. RESULTS Rural Active Living Assessment scores were low with mean values between 0% (town policy) and 68% (parks and playgrounds) of the highest possible scores. The mean (standard deviation) number of parks per town was 2.6 (3.2), and 55% of the 31 parks were in the 2 largest towns. Most parks (87%) had a single amenity while 1 park had more than 4 amenities. Distance from a participant's home to the nearest park ranged from less than 0.1 to 8.8 miles (mean [standard deviation], 1.2 [1.8]). CONCLUSION These 12 Lower Mississippi Delta towns scored low on assessments of physical environment features and amenities, town characteristics, and programs and policies associated with physical activity in rural communities. To increase the physical activity levels of rural residents, it may be necessary to first improve the built environment in which they live.
Outcomes in conventional laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted revisional bariatric surgery: a retrospective, case-controlled study of the MBSAQIP database.

Revisional bariatric surgery is being increasingly performed and is associated with higher operative risks. Optimal techniques to minimize complications remain controversial. Here, we report a retrospective review of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) Participant User Files (PUF) database, comparing outcomes between revision RBS and LBS. The 2015 and 2016 MBSAQIP PUF database was retrospectively reviewed. Revision cases were identified using the Revision/Conversion Flag. Selected cases were further stratified by surgical approach. Subgroup analysis of sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass cases was performed. Case–controlled matching (1:1) was performed of the RBS and LBS cohorts, including gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy cohorts separately. Cases and controls were match by demographics, ASA classification, and preoperative comorbidities. 26,404 revision cases were identified (93.3% LBS, 6.7% RBS). 85.6% were female and 67% white. Mean age and BMI were 48 years and 40.9 kg/m2. 1144 matched RBS and LBS cases were identified. RBS was associated with longer operative duration (p < 0.0001), LOS (p = 0.0002) and a higher rate of ICU admissions (1.3% vs 0.5%, p = 0.05). Aggregate bleeding and leak rates were higher in the RBS cohort. In both gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy cohorts, the robotic-assisted surgery remain associated with longer operative duration (p < 0.0001). In gastric bypass, rates of aggregate leak and bleeding were higher with robotic surgery, while transfusion was higher with laparoscopy. For sleeve gastrectomy cases, reoperation, readmission, intervention, sepsis, organ space SSI, and transfusion were higher with robotic surgery. In this matched cohort analysis of revision bariatric surgery, both approaches were overall safe. RBS was associated with longer operative duration and higher rates of some complications. Complications were higher in the robotic sleeve cohort. Robotic is likely less cost-effective with no clear patient safety benefit, particularly for sleeve gastrectomy cases.
Postictal serotonin levels are associated with peri-ictal apnea

Objective To determine the relationship between serum serotonin (5-HT) levels, ictal central apnea (ICA), and postconvulsive central apnea (PCCA) in epileptic seizures. Methods We prospectively evaluated video EEG, plethysmography, capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), and ECG for 49 patients (49 seizures) enrolled in a multicenter study of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Postictal and interictal venous blood samples were collected after a clinical seizure for measurement of serum 5-HT levels. Seizures were classified according to the International League Against Epilepsy 2017 seizure classification. We analyzed seizures with and without ICA (n = 49) and generalized convulsive seizures (GCS) with and without PCCA (n = 27). Results Postictal serum 5-HT levels were increased over interictal levels for seizures without ICA (p = 0.01), compared to seizures with ICA (p = 0.21). In patients with GCS without PCCA, serum 5-HT levels were increased postictally compared to interictal levels (p Conclusions The data suggest that significant seizure-related increases in serum 5-HT levels are associated with a lower incidence of seizure-related breathing dysfunction, and may reflect physiologic changes that confer a protective effect against deleterious phenomena leading to SUDEP. These results need to be confirmed with a larger sample size study.
Relationship between aged and vapor-deposited organic glasses: Secondary relaxations in methyl-m-toluate

In situ interdigitated electrode broadband dielectric spectroscopy was used to characterize the excess wing relaxations in vapor-deposited and aged glasses of methyl-m-toluate (MMT, Tg = 170 K). MMT displays typical excess wing relaxations in dielectric spectra of its supercooled liquid and glasses. Physical vapor deposition produced glasses with degrees of suppression of the excess wing relaxation that varied systematically with deposition conditions, up to a maximum suppression of more than a factor of 3. The glass deposited at a relatively high temperature, 0.96 Tg (163 K), showed the same amount of suppression as that of a liquid-cooled glass aged to equilibrium at this temperature. The suppression of the excess wing relaxation was strongly correlated with the kinetic stability of the vapor-deposited glasses. Comparisons with aged MMT glasses allowed an estimate of the structural relaxation time of the vapor-deposited glasses. The dependence of the estimated structural relaxation times upon the substrate temperature was found to be stronger than Arrhenius but weaker than Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann dependence predicted from extrapolation of relaxation times in the supercooled liquid. Additionally, this work provides the first example of the separation of primary and secondary relaxations using physical vapor deposition.
Temperatures effects on cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer structures

To increase bandwidth and number of channels per fiber for more than one wavelength in the same fiber the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology has been utilized. One of the devices that are important in DWDM is an optical interleaver. This paper discussed the effects of temperatures in the DWDM interleaver by using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structures which is arranged in two-stage cascaded MZI and the three-stage cascaded MZI geometries. The main consequences of increase temperature inside the fiber optics are the change of effective refractive index in the material of silica fiber due to the thermo-optics effects. In our analysis we have used the transfer matrix method to investigate the wavelength dependence of output power to the temperatures changes that varies from 30 o C to 430oC. In the calculation we have used the C-Band range wavelength which is around 1530 to 1565 nm. It has been shown that the change of temperatures may shift the wavelength inside the MZI output power in linear manners. These effects may be used to tune wavelength transmission inside the MZI structures to suit the ITU-T defined grid.
Photophysical properties of novel photostable helical polyfurans

The integration of furan based repeat units into conjugated systems meant for optoelectronic applications has generally been limited by the photostability of the furan unit. This limitation is due to the susceptibility of furan towards reaction with singlet oxygen, which disrupts the conjugation of the system. Here, we present a family of helical, ester-functionalized polyfurans with dramatically enhanced photostability. Within this family, the emission intensity of P3HEF is essentially non-existent while a chiral branched variant, (S)-P3EHEF, is highly fluorescent. This discrepancy is due to the difference in the compactness of the helical structure of the two polymers. Interestingly, the emission wavelength of (S)-P3EHEF can be tuned through several different techniques such as deposition speed and solvation conditions. The mechanism behind the tunability was explored using fluorescence-based techniques.
Effects of family health history-based colorectal cancer prevention education among non-adherent Chinese Americans to colorectal cancer screening guidelines.

Abstract Objective This study examined the effects of the first family health history (FHH)-based colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention education on 1) FHH of CRC communication with family members and primary care physicians (PCPs), 2) fecal occult blood test (FOBT) uptake, and 3) CRC preventive lifestyle modifications among 50- to 75-year-old Chinese Americans non-adherent to CRC screening guidelines. Methods Using a community–based participatory research approach, we developed and implemented 62 culturally and linguistically appropriate, theory-driven, FHH-based CRC prevention educational workshops across Texas for 344 Chinese Americans (mostly with low education/income) aged 50–75 years who were non-adherent to CRC screening guidelines. Results Linear mixed modeling analyses showed that participants’ FHH of CRC communication with PCPs and family members significantly increased two-week post-workshop compared to pre-workshop data (ps Conclusion Our educational workshops successfully increased Chinese Americans’ FHH of CRC communication and FOBT uptake. Personalized education with longer follow-ups may be needed in future studies to promote lifestyle changes among Chinese Americans. Practice implications Health and public health professionals may adopt our workshop educational materials to provide patient and public CRC prevention education for Chinese Americans.
Synthesis and structural characterization of an air and water stable divalent Europium squarate prepared by in situ reduction

Abstract A new air and water stable divalent Europium squarate, [Eu(C4O4)(H2O)] (1), has been prepared and structurally characterized. 1 was synthesized by in situ reduction of a trivalent Europium salt using a Zinc amalgam and mild solvothermal heating. The resulting divalent Europium metal centers in 1 are both air and water stable. This demonstrates that this methodology does not require strict anaerobic conditions. A variation on the synthetic conditions used to prepare 1 (sans the Zinc amalgam) yielded two new series of trivalent lanthanide squarates, [Ln2(C4O4)2(C4O3OH)2(H2O)12] (Ln ​= ​La – Nd) (2) and [Ln2(C4O4)3(H2O)8] (Ln ​= ​Dy – Lu) (3), which have also been structurally and spectroscopically characterized. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 crystallizes in the C2/m space group and is a 3D structure constructed from sheets of EuO7(H2O) polyhedra with an unusual triangular dodecahedral (CN ​= ​8) geometry, 2 crystallizes in the P 1 ¯ space group and is a 0D structure constructed from LnO3(H2O)6 monocapped square antiprismatic (CN ​= ​9) metal centers, and 3 crystallizes in the P21/n space group and is a 2D sheet structure constructed from LnO4(H2O)4 square antiprismatic (CN ​= ​8) metal centers. In all structures, the squarate ligands bind to the metal centers with varying, and sometimes uncommon, coordination modes and denticities. Herein, the synthesis, structure, and solid-state UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy of 1, 2, and 3 are presented.
Evidence-Based Treatments in Community Mental Health Settings: Use and Congruence With Children’s Primary Diagnosis and Comorbidity

Many evidence-based treatments (EBTs) have been identified for specific child mental health disorders, but there is limited research on the use of EBTs in community-based settings. This study used administrative data from a statewide system of care to examine 1) the extent to which EBTs were provided congruent with the child’s primary diagnosis, 2) whether there were differences in effectiveness of EBTs that were congruent or incongruent with the child’s primary diagnosis, and 3) whether comorbidity moderated the effectiveness of EBTs for children based on congruence with their primary diagnosis. The sample consisted of 23,895 children ages 3–17 with at least one of the most common diagnoses (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct problems, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder) who received outpatient psychotherapy. Data were collected as part of routine care, including child demographic characteristics, diagnosis, treatment type, and problem severity. Forty-two percent of children received an EBT congruent with their diagnosis, and these children showed greater improvement than the 35% of children who received no EBT (ES = 0.14–0.16) or the 23% who received an EBT incongruent with their diagnosis (ES = 0.06–0.15). For children with comorbid diagnoses, the use of EBTs congruent with the primary diagnosis was also associated with the greatest improvement, especially when compared to no EBT (ES = 0.22–0.24). Results of the current study support the use of EBTs in community-based settings, and suggest that clinicians should select EBTs that match the child’s primary diagnosis to optimize treatment outcomes, especially for children with comorbidity.
Whiteness Owns it, Blackness Defines it: Rural Reality in the Black Belt

Any examination of schools and schooling in the rural Southern Black Belt must interrogate the enduring logic of plantation politics and examine rural equity work through a racialized lens. We defined rural and identify a rural reality for life in the Black Belt South. Critical Race Theory (CRT) and antiblackness are offered as potential race-conscious theoretical frameworks to a plantation rurality, and we propose an alternative vision of rural education scholarship in the Southern Black Belt that invites space for anticolonial liberation.
Regulatory Role Of Mitochondrial Aconitase and Isocitrate In Iron-Responsive, Erythropoietin Receptor Signaling During Anemia

Several clinical observations illustrate the link between iron and erythropoietin (Epo)-mediated signaling in early erythroid progenitor cells. In iron deficiency anemia (IDA) erythropoiesis is blocked at an early stage despite increased serum Epo concentrations. Intravenous iron improves the effectiveness of exogenous Epo in patients with Epo-refractory anemia of chronic disease. These clinical observations suggest that iron dominantly regulates Epo-receptor (EpoR) signaling. However, the mechanism of this iron-mediated signaling remains unclear. We recently demonstrated that 1) the aconitases, multifunctional iron-sulfur cluster proteins that convert citrate into isocitrate are essential in the iron- Epo-signaling pathway in early erythroid progenitors, and that 2) isocitrate, the downstream product of aconitase, can enhance the effectiveness of Epo during iron deficiency in vitro and in vivo in mice with IDA and in rats with the anemia of chronic inflammation. These observations suggest that isocitrate or derivatives of isocitrate that synergize with erythropoiesis stimulating agents have important therapeutic application in the treatment of anemia. New data from my lab also shows that cellular iron restriction regulates mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates differentially over time during red blood cell differentiation, suggesting a novel link between mitochondrial function and erythropoeisis. We also see an increase in mitochondrial superoxide anion production in iron deprived erythroid progenitors. Based on these data, we hypothesize that mitochondrial aconitase is an iron sensor that integrates mitochondrial redox signaling to EpoR signaling and subsequent red blood cell production. To test this hypothesis we are investigating the iron dependent mechanisms by which aconitase, isocitrate, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial metabolic pathways alter EpoR signaling. The clinical relevance of this project lies in its potential for the development of new iron-free agonists and antagonists of red blood cell production. Agonists may benefit patients with anemia due to iron deficiency or chronic inflammation and antagonists may benefit patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Studies on Cytochrome c Peroxidase IX. THE REACTION OF FERRIMYOGLOBIN WITH HYDROPEROXIDES AND A COMPARISON OF PEROXIDE-INDUCED COMPOUNDS OF FERRIMYOGLOBIN AND CYTOCHROME c PEROXIDASE

Abstract The reaction of ferrimyoglobin with H2O2 was investigated by a combination of spectrophotometric and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements and enzymic assay of of hydroperoxide by the cytochrome c peroxidase system. On the addition of an excess of H2O2 to ferrimyoglobin, approximately 1.5 moles of H2O2 were consumed per mole of the ferrimyoglobin peroxide compound formed, and the remaining H2O2 was slowly decomposed in the presence of the peroxide compound. George and Irvine's conclusion was confirmed that the peroxide compound retains only 1 oxidizing equivalent per hemin unit. Available evidence was consistent with the reaction mechanism of Equations 1, 2, and 3 (see text). Transient free radicals were formed not only during the active formation of the peroxide compound but also during the decomposition of hydroperoxide in the presence of the peroxide compound. Rate constants associated with the peroxide compound were compared with those of Complex ES (the peroxide compound) of cytochrome c peroxidase.
Kinetics of Bacteriophage λ Deoxyribonucleic Acid Infection of Escherichia coli

Abstract Barnhart, Benjamin J. (Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California, Los Alamos, N.M.). Kinetics of bacteriophage λ deoxyribonucleic acid infection of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 90:1617–1623. 1965.—The kinetics of Escherichia coli K-12 infection by phage λ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were determined. An initial lag of 55 to 80 sec was found to be the time required for infecting DNA to become deoxyribonuclease-insensitive at 33 C. When cell-DNA interactions were stopped by washing away unbound DNA, the already bound DNA continued to infect the cell at rates described by linear kinetics with no apparent lag. Whereas the lag period was relatively insensitive to DNA and cell concentrations, both the lag and the subsequent linear portions of the rate curves were temperature-sensitive. Cell and DNA dose-response curves prescribed hyperbolic functions. Similarities between λ DNA infection of E. coli and bacterial transformation systems are discussed.
Spartans : Single-Sample Periocular-Based Alignment-Robust Recognition Technique Applied to Non-Frontal Scenarios

In this paper, we investigate a single-sample periocular-based alignment-robust face recognition technique that is pose-tolerant under unconstrained face matching scenarios. Our Spartans framework starts by utilizing one single sample per subject class, and generate new face images under a wide range of 3D rotations using the 3D generic elastic model which is both accurate and computationally economic. Then, we focus on the periocular region where the most stable and discriminant features on human faces are retained, and marginalize out the regions beyond the periocular region since they are more susceptible to expression variations and occlusions. A novel facial descriptor, high-dimensional Walsh local binary patterns, is uniformly sampled on facial images with robustness toward alignment. During the learning stage, subject-dependent advanced correlation filters are learned for pose-tolerant non-linear subspace modeling in kernel feature space followed by a coupled max-pooling mechanism which further improve the performance. Given any unconstrained unseen face image, the Spartans can produce a highly discriminative matching score, thus achieving high verification rate. We have evaluated our method on the challenging Labeled Faces in the Wild database and solidly outperformed the state-of-the-art algorithms under four evaluation protocols with a high accuracy of 89.69%, a top score among image-restricted and unsupervised protocols. The advancement of Spartans is also proven in the Face Recognition Grand Challenge and Multi-PIE databases. In addition, our learning method based on advanced correlation filters is much more effective, in terms of learning subject-dependent pose-tolerant subspaces, compared with many well-established subspace methods in both linear and non-linear cases.
HOW SIMPLICITY HELPS YOU FIND THE TRUTH WITHOUT POINTING AT IT

It seems that a fixed bias toward simplicity should help one find the truth, since scientific theorizing is guided by such a bias. But it also seems that a fixed bias toward simplicity cannot indicate or point at the truth, since an indicator has to be sensitive to what it indicates. I argue that both views are correct. It is demonstrated, for a broad range of cases, that the Ockham strategy of favoring the simplest hypothesis, together with the strategy of never dropping the simplest hypothesis until it is no longer simplest, uniquely minimizes reversals of opinion and the times at which the reversals occur prior to convergence to the truth. Thus, simplicity guides one down the straightest path to the truth, even though that path may involve twists and turns along the way. The proof does not appeal to prior probabilities biased toward simplicity. Instead, it is based upon minimization of worst-case cost bounds over complexity classes of possibilities.
γ-Tocotrienol inhibits HGF-dependent mitogenesis and Met activation in highly malignant mammary tumour cells.

Objectives: Aberrant Met signalling is associated with aggressive cancer cell phenotypes. γ-tocotrienol displays potent anti-cancer activity that is associated with suppression of HER/ErbB receptor signalling. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of γ-tocotrienol treatment on HGF-dependent +SA mammary tumour cell proliferation, upon Met activation. Materials and methods: The +SA cells were maintained in serum-free defined media containing 10 ng/ml HGF as the mitogen. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay, western blot analysis was used to measure protein expression, and Met expression and activation were determined using immunofluorescent staining. Results and conclusions: Treatment with γ-tocotrienol or Met inhibitor, SU11274, significantly inhibited HGF-dependent +SA cell replication in a dose–responsive manner. Treatment with 4 μmγ-tocotrienol reduced both total Met levels and HGF-induced Met autophosphorylation. In contrast, similar treatment with 5.5 μm SU11274 inhibited HGF-induced Met autophosphorylation, but had no effect on total Met levels. Combined treatment with subeffective doses of γ-tocotrienol (2 μm) and SU11274 (3 μm) resulted in significant inhibition of +SA cell expansion compared to treatment with individual agents alone. These findings show, for the first time, the inhibitory effects of γ-tocotrienol on Met expression and activation, and strongly suggest that γ-tocotrienol treatment may provide significant health benefits in prevention and/or treatment of breast cancer, in women with deregulated HGF/Met signalling.
A Simplified Account of the Metatheory of Linear LF

Abstract We present a variant of the linear logical framework LLF that avoids the restriction that well-typed terms be in pre-canonical form and adds λ-abstraction at the level of families. We abandon the use of β-conversion as definitional equality in favor of a set of typed definitional equality judgments that include rules for parallel conversion and extensionality. We show type-checking is decidable by giving an algorithm to decide definitional equality for well-typed terms and showing the algorithm is sound and complete. The algorithm and the proof of its correctness are simplified by the fact that they apply only to well-typed terms and may therefore ignore the distinction between intuitionistic and linear hypotheses.
A distinção entre representação de palavra e representação de coisa na obra freudiana: mudanças teóricas e desdobramentos filosóficos

A distincao representacao coisa/palavra foi empregada por Freud em 1891, e ele a reintroduz nos seus trabalhos sobre metapsicologia. A relacao entre essas duas representacoes sintetizou, em 1915, uma ruptura tanto com a psicologia da epoca, como com uma prolongada tradicao filosofica. Esse rompimento problematiza muitos dos supostos mais firmemente enraizados ate hoje na filosofia. Procura-se aqui investigar o significado da divisao representacao palavra/coisa, tanto para a psicanalise, como para a filosofia representacional, e assinalar alguns dos efeitos mais importantes da mesma.
Cutaneous mucormycosis presenting as a penile lesion in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia.

Opportunistic infections are common in patients with acute hematopoietic malignancies. We report a case of mucormycosis diagnosed in a penile lesion following surgical debridement . CASE REPORT A 70-year-old white man was diagnosed with acute myeloblastic leukemia by bone marrow biopsy. He underwent chemotherapy consisting of idarubicin, cytarabine, vincristine and prednisone beginning on hospital day 3 and continuing until hospital day 13. He became neutropenic and fever developed for which he was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and amphotericin B. On hospital day 10 the patient noticed a blackish discoloration on the prepuce of the foreskin with encroachment onto the coronal sulcus of the glans penis. The lesion was associated with moderate edema of redundant preputial skin from an incomplete circumcision. Differential diagnosis included paraphimosis, leukemic infiltrate, opportunistic infection or cutaneous vascular lesion. After no improvement on topical antibiotics for several days revision circumcision and debridement of the lesion were planned. At surgery the lesion was found to be deeply necrotic and locally advanced, preventing a simple circumcision revision. Pathological diagnosis was angioinvasive mucormycosis (fig. 1). The patient was started on systemic liposomal amphotericin B and topical amphotericin. During the next 2 weeks circumcision healed except at the original site where an ulcer persisted. Penile magnetic resonance imaging showed only enhancement near the glans with no evidence of spread of infection (fig. 2). Further surgical debridement and cultures were performed. The area was deeply debrided with adew~~;,';~~e~~~~ :iOzp shows enhancement near glans penis quate margins. Cultures again revealed mucormycosis. Blood cultures were never positive for fungal elements. Urine and stool cultures were positive for Candida albicans and Rhizopus species.
Ethics in the Accounting Curriculum

The number of corporate debacles in recent history has been a great concern to the financial community. From Enron to Bear Stearns, the events have highlighted that greed, incompetence, and deception exist systemically. After these and other similar events, the importance of professional ethics was intensified. Has the concern for improved ethical behavior compelled academic institutions to provide greater emphasis on ethics in accounting degree programs? Several findings emerged in this study. First, ethics is more commonly part of the course description than it is to be part of the course title. Second, there is greater emphasis on ethics in undergraduate education than in graduate education. The findings indicate that the extent to which ethics is included in course descriptions is extremely inconsistent and variable across academic levels and geographical regions. Finally, standalone ethics courses are less common than integration of ethics into one or more courses at both levels and for all geographic regions.
Pressure and temperature effects on stoichiometry and microstructure of nitrogen-rich TiN thin films synthesized via reactive magnetron DC-sputtering

Nitrogen-rich titanium nitride (TiN) thin films containing excess nitrogen up to 87.0 at.% were produced on (100) Si substrates via the reactive magnetron DC-sputtering of a commercially available 99.995 at.% pure Ti target within an argon-nitrogen (Ar-N 2) atmosphere with a 20-to-1 gas ratio. The process pressure (PP) and substrate temperature (TS) at which deposition occurred were varied systematically between 0.26 Pa-1.60 Pa and between 15.0°C-600°C, respectively, and their effects on the chemical composition, surface morphology, and preferred orientation were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The EDS analysis confirms increasing nitrogen content with increasing PP and TS. The SEM images reveal a uniform and crystallized surface morphology as well as a closely packed cross-sectional morphology for all crystalline films and a loosely packed cross-sectional morphology for amorphous films. Films produced at lower PP and TS have a pyramidal surface morphology which transitions to a columnar and stratified structure as PP and TS increase. The XRD analysis confirms the existence of only the δ-TiN phase and the absence of other nitrides, oxides, and/or sillicides in all cases. It also indicates that at lower PP and TS, the preferred orientation relative to the substrate is along the (111) planes, and that it transitions to a random orientation along the (200), (220), and (311) planes as PP and TS increase and these results correlate with and qualify those observed by SEM.
A central file for infant psychiatric programs.

A “central file” for use in infant psychiatric or maternal-infant intervention centers is described. By this term is meant a storage system by which scientific data, in the form of reprints, photocopies, and manuscripts, are sorted and made accessible to all levels of staff and visitors. Sorting by both author-classification and titleclassification is discussed. However, a special feature of the system is the provision of a section (sub-file) on bio-neuropsychiatry, to take account of the rapidly accumulating research reports on an area that seems to represent an emerging synthesis. Finally, there are notes and guidelines about the use of a mini-computer for further streamlining the “central file.” When computer-assisted, such file can serve as an immediately accessible data base for group discussion and casual reports; and it can form the basis for many research projects in the future.