cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction of mRNAs for the growth hormone receptor gene during mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation

Abstract Adipose tissue is a growth hormone (GH)-responsive tissue in which GH regulates energy metabolism. GH exerts its effect by interacting with its specific GH receptor (GHR). In rodents, alternative splicing of the nascent transcript from the GHR gene produces two major transcripts: GHR mRNA and GHR binding protein (GHBP) mRNA. These two transcripts share the common extracellular ligand-binding domain, but differ in the C-terminal sequence. Since GHR plays an important role in mediating the actions of GH in adipose metabolism, we initiated these studies to examine GHR gene expression in the course of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocyte-adipocyte conversion. GHR and GHBP transcripts were detected by RNase protection assay (RPA) using the antisense riboprobes complementary either to the specific sequence of the GHR Or to the sequence shared by both GHR and GHBP mRNAs. After stimulation of differentiation, mRNA abundance increased 28-fold and reached a maximal level by day 7 of adipogenesis. The GHR mRNA:GHBP mRNA ratio was 1.1 ± 0.12 and remained unchanged during differentiation. The decay rate for both mRNAs, estimated by treating the cells with actinomycin D, was approximately 24 hours and showed no significant difference between preadipocytes and adipocytes. Thus, GHR gene expression is dramatically upregulated during preadipocyte-adipocyte differentiation.
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 VPR INTERACTS WITH HHR23A, A CELLULAR PROTEIN IMPLICATED IN NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION DNA REPAIR

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vpr gene is an evolutionarily conserved gene among the primate lentiviruses HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency viruses. One of the unique functions attributed to the vpr gene product is the arrest of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Here we demonstrate that Vpr interacts physically with HHR23A, one member of an evolutionarily conserved gene family involved in nucleotide excision repair. Interaction of Vpr with HHR23A was initially identified through a yeast two-hybrid screen and was confirmed by the demonstration of direct binding between bacterially expressed recombinant and transiently expressed or chemically synthesized protein products. Visualization of HHR23A and Vpr by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy indicates that the two proteins colocalize at or about the nuclear membrane. We also map the Vpr-binding domain in HHR23A to a C-terminal 45-amino-acid region of the protein previously shown to have homology to members of the ubiquitination pathway. Overexpression of HHR23A and a truncated derivative which includes the Vpr-binding domain results in a partial alleviation of the G2 arrest induced by Vpr, suggesting that the interaction between Vpr and HHR23A is critical for cell cycle arrest induced by Vpr. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that Vpr interferes with the normal function of a protein or proteins involved in the DNA repair process and, thus, in the transmission of signals that allow cells to transit from the G2 to the M phase of the cell cycle.
Hurtful Family Environments: Links with Individual, Relationship, and Perceptual Variables

Family members create a social environment that varies in terms of the degree to which it evokes hurt. Two studies were conducted to examine the nature of hurtful family environments and to assess whether the association between people's experience of their family environment as hurtful and their perceptions of hurtful family interactions could be described by a sensitization or a habituation model. The results indicated that hurtful family environments are characterized by aggression, a lack of affection, neglect, and violence. Individuals’ views of their family environment as aggressive were negatively associated with their own verbal hostility and their self-esteem, but positively linked to their anxiety and to their tendency to see a family member's hurtful behavior as intentional. People's tendency to note their family displayed a lack of affection was positively linked to their own verbal hostility and negatively associated with their self-esteem. The findings also offered partial support for a habi...
The Mediator as Leader Effects of Behavioral Style and Deadline Certainty on Negotiator Behavior

This study investigated the effects of different mediator behavioral styles and disputant knowledge regarding negotiation deadline on bargaining behavior. A 2 x 2 factorial design varied mediator b...
Profiling Derald Wing Sue: Blazing the Trail for the Multicultural Journey and Social Justice in Counseling

This article reviews contributions of Derald Wing Sue to the counseling profession through his scholarship, teaching, leadership, and innovation in articulating multicultural issues in counseling. The article profiles Sue's multicultural journey by blending summaries from his writings, comments from professional colleagues, and information from a personal interview. The profile provides a snapshot of Sue's pioneering contributions to building the multicultural counseling movement while giving an overview of personal and professional benchmarks within his career.
Peer review and the changing research record

Misrepresentation in research is clearly a problem today. In the environment of big science, with accelerating competition, increased rewards for discovery and uncertainties of long-range outcome, two important checks on quality control—peer review and the replication of results—are more difficult to accomplish effectively. Additionally, the new information technology now enables scientists to communicate outside established channels where their work is judged. However, it is argued that science is a self-correcting system and errors that are inadvertent or deliberate will be corrected over time. © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Regional Educational Policy Analysis: Rochester, Omaha, and Minneapolis' Inter- District Arrangements

Although regional equity scholars have demonstrated how cross-jurisdictional collaboration on transportation, housing, and employment can promote opportunity for low-income families, few have paid serious attention to the potential of regional educational policy to improve opportunity for children. This study seeks to address this gap by examining inter-district “collaboratives” or cooperative agreements between school districts within a metropolitan area. These collaborative arrangements address two inter-related demographic shifts: the rising level of segregation in public schools and the shift from within district segregation to between-district segregation. This article examines three regional collaboratives (Rochester, NY, Omaha, NE, and Minneapolis, MN) that involve varying degrees of cooperation, funding, and legal force. Drawing on 60 in-depth interviews across the three sites, this analysis considers how each program’s design features interact with local political dynamics to shape the degree to which these collaboratives are able to achieve policy goals.
Performance analysis of 1-D scale-space algorithms for pulse detection in noisy image scans

Abstract Scale-space representation is a topic of active research in computer vision. The focus of the research so far has been on coarse-to-fine focusing methods, image reconstruction, and computational aspects. However, not much work has been done on the signal detection problem, i.e., detecting the presence or absence of signal models from noisy image scans using the scale-space. In this paper we propose four 1-D signal detection algorithms for separating pulse signals in an image scan from the background in the scale-space domain. These algorithms do not need any thresholding to detect the zero-crossings (zc′s) at any of the scales. The different algorithms are applicable to image scans with different noise and clutter characteristics. A simple algorithm works best for scans having low noise and clutter. When noise and clutter increase sufficiently, a more sophisticated algorithm must be used. The 1-D algorithms for pulse and edge detection can be used to detect 2-D closed objects in cluttered and noisy backgrounds. This is done by scanning the image row-wise (and column-wise) and working on the individual scans. Using this method, the algorithms are demonstrated on several real life images. Another objective of this paper is to conduct comparative analysis of (i) a single-scale system vs a multiscale system and (ii) white noise vs clutter. This is done by conducting an experimental statistical analysis on single-scale and multiscale systems corrupted by white noise or clutter. Performance indices such as probability of detection, probability of false alarms, and delocalization errors are computed. The results indicate that (i) the multiscale approach is better than the single-scale approach and (ii) the degradation in performance is greater with clutter than with white noise.
Unofficial Citizens: Indian Entrepreneurs and the State-Effect in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Building upon theories of the state as an “effect” of multiple, sometimes contradictory practices and narratives, I argue that Indian business elites in Dubai play an important role in both bounding the state as distinct from the economy and legitimizing its power. I focus, therefore, on the forms of citizenship and subjectivity that are being produced in Dubai and how the legitimacy of the state relies not just on the recruitment of citizen subjects, but also on those who are excluded from belonging—like Indian elites in Dubai. Neoliberal narratives and practices of economic “freedom” by elite expatriates mask the ways in which foreign elites are complicit with the state in producing social and economic hierarchies that benefit both citizens and elite expatriates while maintaining a structure of labor migration that significantly disadvantages the majority of foreign residents living in the United Arab Emirates.
Continuous-scale physical functional performance test: validity, reliability, and sensitivity of data for the short version.

Background and Purpose. The Continuous-Scale Physical Functional Performance Test (CS-PFP) can be used to obtain valid, reliable, and sensitive measurements of physical functional capacity. This test requires a fixed laboratory space and approximately 1 hour to administer. This study was carried out in 4 steps, or substudies, to develop and validate a short, community-based version (PFP-10) that requires less space and equipment than the CS-PFP. Subjects and Methods. Retrospective data (n=228) and prospective data (n=91) on men and women performing the CS-PFP or the PFP-10 are reported. A 12-week exercise program was used to examine sensitivity to change. Data analyses were done using paired t -test, Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and delta index (DI) procedures. Results. The PFP-10 total score and 4 of the 5 domain scores were statistically similar (within 3%) to those of the CS-PFP. The PFP-10 upper-body strength domain score was 17% lower, but was highly correlated (ICC=.97). Community and established laboratory PFP-10 scores were similar (ICC=.85–.97). The PFP-10 also is sensitive to change (DI=.21–.54). Discussion and Conclusion. The PFP-10 yields valid, reliable, and sensitive measurements and can be confidently substituted for the CS-PFP.
Subcultural Variations in an Urban Poor Population

The assumption that the poor constitute a subsociety with a homogeneous subculture is examined empirically in an urban poverty sample. The existence of subcultural differences in the sample was tested by using a number of criteria that have been suggested for classifying cultural systems. The data indicate that for the sample studied there are two subcultures–one Black and one White. A hypothesis for the development and persistence of subcultural variations is proposed. The research which is reported and that which is suggested is seen as a necessity for providing an objective basis for the structuring of domestic social change programs.
Theories of Constitutional Interpretation

IN 1979 ERNEST CHAMBERS was a barber who had for nine years represented a predominantly black district of Omaha in the Nebraska Unicameral Legislature. He had been brought up in "a religious strait-jacket" in the fundamentalist Church of God and Christ, but as he had grown older he had come to renounce Christianity and all belief in God. Consequently he was uncomfortable when the chaplain hired by the legislature opened each session with prayer. In fact he felt compelled to leave the legislative chamber, so that he and the chaplain were "almost in a race to see whether" the chaplain could "get to the front before" Chambers could "get out the back door."2 The chaplain of the Nebraska Legislature during that time was Robert E. Palmer, a Presbyterian clergyman who had ministered to the legislators since 1965. His prayers were short, almost perfunctory. He strove to make them nonsectarian, to reflect 'just civil religion in America," which he understood to consist of "the Judeo-Christian tradition," the "kind of religious expressions that are common to the vast, overwhelming majority of most all Americans." He viewed the purpose of his prayers to be the provision of "an opportunity for Senators to be drawn closer to their understanding of God as they understand God, in order that the divine wisdom might be theirs as they conduct their business for the day." And so he would, for example, pray "in the name of Jesus-our Friend, our Saviour, our Example, our Guide," and he would "ask" that the Senators come to realize that "they are part of the team working together to win the game for the benefit of the people of this state."3 Chambers attempted to convince his colleagues to end the practice of legislative prayer. When they refused, he took the characteristically American step of filing suit in federal court. His claim was elegantly simple: the payment of a state salary to the minister of a single Christian denomination for fourteen years for the purpose of offering official prayers to the state legislature was a violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. That clause provides: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion."4
Women Dentists: Career and Family

Mailed questionnares were returned by 785 women dentists who had graduated from U.S. dental schools. Career did not tend to stand in the way of marriage and family: 81 percent were or had been married and, among the latter, 71 percent had children. However, marriage increased the likelihood of interruptions and cutting down the time in work. Yet, retirement at a young age was relatively rare. Commitment and satisfaction evidently tend to keep married women dentists professionally active. Important to the commitment was the high percentage of husbands reported as accepting of their wives' careers; but part of their acceptance may have been the wives' willingness to interrupt or cut down time in work to meet family demands.
An analysis of thermally-induced plane waves in elastic-plastic single crystals

Abstract A n analytical framework for the calculation of thermally-induced plane waves in elastic-plastic single crystals of arbitrary crystallographic symmetry and orientation is presented. Plasticity is described in terms of small strain theory and the available slip-planes which can be arbitrary in number as well as in orientation. The effects of perfect-plasticity modify not only the anisotropic elastic moduli, but also the components of the Gruneisen tensor. The latter effect is a consequence of a non-spherical stress state developed in anisotropic materials during rapid energy-absorption at constant strain. Specific examples of thermally-induced plane waves are presented for both the elastic and plastic response of beryllium and graphite single-crystals.
Estimation, testing and adjustment of transient healthy entrant effects

At recruitment, cohorts often selectively exclude non-healthy individuals with symtoms prodromal to the response. After a certain time from study entry, the health status of participants regresses towards the underlying population. Methods developed here estimate, test and adjust out this transient healthy entrant effect from survival function estimation. In the simplest case, each participant's time is divided into: Ω 1 - immediately after study entry while these transient healthy entrant effects are strong, and Ω 2 - later, after they have vanished or greatly diminished. Truncated Kaplan-Meier models fit separately to risk sets in Ω 1 and Ω 2 quantify and remove the bias from transient healthy entrant effects and test for statistical significance. If sufficient data are available, these methods can be expanded to dividing the subjects' time into multiple subperiods or fitting specific models of attenuation for the transient healthy entrant effect. Examination of nickel refinery workers and an HIV-1 infected cohort suggest that, without the adjustments proposed here, transient healthy entrant effects cause moderate overestimations of survival probability.
Addressing Single Molecules on DNA Nanostructures

The synthesis of devices and materials from molecular components is a major goal of nanotechnology. Although many such molecular components have been demonstrated previously,1–3 the ability to combine these components into designed architectures containing significant complexity remains a challenge. By using the hybridization properties of DNA and Watson–Crick base pairing, it has been possible to create well-defined DNA architectures of increasing complexity.4 The structure of an assembled DNA complex is directly and uniquely determined by the sequence of the DNA bases, which can be designed and manipulated. These methods provide a versatile and programmable way to control the structure and architecture of DNA nanostructures.
Finding Computationally Inexpensive Methods to Model the Flow Past Heavy Vehicles and the Design of Active Flow Control Systems for Drag Reduction

This paper explores the use of computational tools to analyze the aerodynamic eects that Coanda jets have on the drag, stability and maneuverability of heavy vehicles. To facilitate the analysis and understanding of the underlying causes of viscous pressure drag, this paper focuses on the study of the Ground Transportation System (GTS) model. This study is divided into two stages. The rst stage uses two-dimensional geometries to explore the eects that dierent
Cyclic GMP and cGMP-binding Phosphodiesterase Are Required for Interleukin-1-induced Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Human Articular Chondrocytes

This study addressed the role of guanylyl cyclase (GC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) in interleukin (IL)-1 activation of human articular chondrocytes. The GC inhibitors LY83583 and methylene blue dose-dependently inhibited IL-1-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein, and mRNA expression. These effects of GC inhibition were consistent with the rapid induction of cGMP by IL-1, which reached maximal levels after 5 min. The effects of GC inhibitors were selective as they did not reduce IL-1-induced cyclooxygenase II protein and mRNA. An inhibitor specific for soluble GC did not affect IL-1-induced NO production, and activators of soluble GC did not induce NO. However, the expression of iNOS mRNA was induced by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), activators of particulate GC, indicating that particulate rather than soluble guanylyl cyclases were involved in iNOS induction. The expression of iNOS mRNA and the production of NO were induced by a slowly hydrolyzable analog of cGMP, 8-bromo-cGMP, but not by nonhydrolyzable analog, dibutyryl cGMP, suggesting that PDE rather than cGMP-dependent protein kinase mediates the cGMP effects. Chondrocytes contained extensive cGMP PDE activity. This had PDE5 biochemical features and an inhibitor profile consistent with PDE5. Furthermore, the nonisoformspecific PDE inhibitor IBMX and PDE5-specific inhibitors suppressed IL-1-induced NO release and iNOS mRNA expression. PDE5 mRNA was constitutively expressed in chondrocytes. In addition to increasing PDE5 activities, IL-1 treatment reduced the sensitivity of PDE5 to several pharmacological inhibitors by up to 50-fold. In summary, inhibitors of either GC or PDE5 prevented IL-1 induction of iNOS; IL-1 increased the rates of both cGMP generation and hydrolysis; and exogenous PDE hydrolyzable cGMP analog induced iNOS and NO. These results suggest that increased cGMP metabolic flux is sufficient to induce iNOS, and GC and PDE5 activities are required for IL-1 induction of iNOS expression via increases in coupled cGMP synthesis and hydrolysis.
Transient temperature rise in silicon semiconductor devices

The temperature rise in silicon devices under pulsed power conditions is calculated by a numerical method which takes into account the nonlinear properties of the materials. Power is assumed to be dissipated in a thin but finite layer at the surface of a one-dimensional structure. The effect of various types of heat sinks on the peak temperature rise is shown.
Not so revolutionary after all: the role of reinforcing frames in US magazine discourse about microcomputers

This study investigates the role of media discourse in the hegemonic process by which the microcomputer became a common and trusted appliance in the USA during the early years of the technology's adoption: the 1980s to 1990s. A critical discourse analysis combined with framing analysis of four cases from consumer magazines — two advertisements and two editorial feature stories — reveals that a device heralded as 'revolutionary' was presented in fact using rhetoric that incorporated and legitimized traditional values, roles and practices such as capitalism. Any frames that potentially challenged existing social structures and power relationships were secondary and 'super-framed' by the reinforcing frames.
Aerodynamic Force Modeling for Unsteady Wing Maneuvers

Abstract : We report on the development of an aerodynamic force model for a at-plate wing undergoing unsteady motions of surging, pitching, and the combination thereof in two- dimensional ow. This investigation aims to extend the conventional quasi-steady aero- dynamic theory to account for the influence of large-scale vortices generated from the massively separated ow at high angles of attack. A data set compiled from direct numerical simulation is used to develop the force model. Particular focus is placed on examining the influence of large-amplitude wing motion on the unsteady aerodynamics force. This is especially important since the resulting circulatory component of force is significant in size and is nonlinearly related to the ow field causing deviation from conventional aerodynamic theories. The present force model is constructed to predict the aerodynamic force on the body for the duration of the wing motion.
When Lightning Strikes: Counting on Disturbance, Planning for Succession

In July 1988 lightning flashed deep within Yellowstone National Park. Grass browned to a crisp by the driest summer on record burst into flame. Needles crackled as the fire climbed nearby lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta) and spread from crown to crown. The wind rose, pushing fire and the acrid smell of smoke ahead of it. From a distance, the fire rumbled like a train. Closer, it roared like a jet engine, sucking in air to feed 200-foot towers of flame, spewing forth columns of smoke and embers that landed as far as 2 miles away (Billings Gazette 1995). Fifty fires started in the park that summer. By the time winter's snows put out the last pockets, more than a third of the park had been burned (National Park Service 2006). Debate raged: Was the blaze a natural stand-replacing fire, such as had last occurred in the eighteenth century, or had it been caused by decades of fire suppression? What was unmistakable as soon as the next summer, however, was that the forest was coming back. Wildflowers bloomed in the nutrient-rich ash. Millions of tightly sealed lodgepole pine cones had burst open in the flames, releasing their seeds. In between the charred trunks of their parents, these seeds sprouted into a new forest (fig. 8.1).
To Tell the Truth: A Qui Tam Action for Perjury in a Civil Proceeding is Necessary to Protect the Integrity of the Civil Judicial System

This article explores the reasons for what has been described as an "epidemic of perjury" in civil litigation and proposes a Model Civil Perjury Act (the "MCPA") to expose, deter and punish the perjury. First, this article examines why social and religious pressures to tell the truth, cross-examination, the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, and criminal prosecutions for perjury are losing the struggle to control perjurious testimony in modern civil litigation. Second, this article explains why the twin public policy rationales supporting witness civil immunity - the chilling effect such liability would have on witnesses and the fear of vexatious litigation - would not apply to a qui tam claim for perjury. The solution proposed is a civil cause of action that features a qui tam provision allowing anyone with knowledge of perjury in a civil case to bring a claim on behalf of the jurisdiction where the perjury occurred, and to recover a civil penalty of at least $5,000 and up to $50,000 for each instance of perjury proven by clear and convincing evidence. The proposed text of the MCPA is included. This private attorney general action is modeled after the Federal False Claims Act, which empowers private persons with knowledge of those defrauding the United States government to bring a civil suit on behalf of the government to recover a civil penalty and triple actual damages. Similarly, the MCPA enlists the aid of private attorneys to protect the judicial system from those who undermine its fundamental truth-seeking process by presenting perjurious testimony.
Policies to optimize work performance and thermal safety in exercising humans

Emergency workers engaged in strenuous work in hot environments risk overheating and mission failure. We describe a real-time application that would reduce these risks in terms of a real-time thermal-work strain index (SI) estimator; and a Markov Decision Process (MDP) to compute optimal work rate policies. We examined the thermo-physiological responses of 14 experienced U.S. Army Ranger students (26±4 years 1.77±0.04 m; 78.3±7.3 kg) who participated in a strenuous 8 mile time-restricted pass/fail road march conducted under thermally stressful conditions. A thermoregulatory model was used to derive SI state transition probabilities and model the students' observed and policy driven movement rates. We found that policy end-state SI was significantly lower than SI when modeled using the student's own movement rates (3.94±0.88 vs. 5.62±1.20, P<0.001). We also found an inverse relationship between our policy impact and maximum SI (r=0.64 P<0.05). These results suggest that modeling real world missions as an MDP can provide optimal work rate policies that improve thermal safety and allow students to finish in a "fresher" state. Ultimately, SI state estimation and MDP models incorporated into wearable physiological monitoring systems could provide real-time work rate guidance, thus minimizing thermal work-strain while maximizing the likelihood of accomplishing mission tasks.
New Directions for Low Dimensional Thermoelectricity

Low dimensionality provides opportunities to modify the properties of bulk materials dramatically and to control materials properties independently in a manner that is not possible for bulk materials. The special characteristics of low dimensional materials to enhance thermoelectric performance have already been demonstrated in quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots. The main focus of this review is a summary of advances made in the modeling of quantum dot superlattice nanowires. Several new research directions for low dimensional thermoelectricity or inspired by this research are briefly mentioned.
Effects of x rays on hemagglutinins.

Ionizing radiations may offer a practical means for producing beneficial changes in biological materials and a wide range of potentialities exist in their application for the sterilization of whole blood plasma or its specific protein components. However, where blood serum is to be retained for its antibody content, it is important that its immune properties remain relatively stable subsequent to sterilization by ionizing radiations. Numerous studies on the effects of
The European Corn Borer, Pyrausta Nubilalis (Hubn.), and Its Principal Host Plant. I. Orientation and Feeding Behavior of the Larva on the Corn Plant

The European corn borer is a non-host-specific insect, and has been reported feeding on over 200 different plant species (Caffrey and Worthley 1927, Hodgson 1928, and others). The borer's native Eurasian host was probably wild hop or one of the larger grasses, such as millet (Caffrey and Worthley 1927). Corn, being of American origin, could not have been the native host, but has proved to be the preferred host wherever the geographical distributions of the plant and insect coincide. The broad range of possible host plants is of considerable significance to the study of the relationships between the borer and the corn plant. It indicates that the plant characteristics required for successful borer establishment and growth are present in a large number of plant species and are not peculiar to corn alone.
Hydrogen peroxide stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in vascular endothelial cells

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the pathophysiology of several vascular disorders including atherosclerosis. Although the mechanism(s) of ROS-induced vascular damage remains unclear...
The Investigation into Degree of Polymerization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Made of Different Raw Materials

Microcrystalline cellulose was the product of natural cellulose hydrolysis with diluted acid.The degree of polymerization of different raw materials and MCC made of different raw materials were tested,as well as the tablet hardness of MCC made of different raw materials.The result showed that the degree of polymerization of MCC was increased firstly,and then the bulk density was decreased as well as the tablet hardness with the increase of degree of polymerization of different raw materials.Therefore,in addition to improving the preparation conditions,MCC's selection of raw materials should be the primary
A two-allele polymorphism in protein C inhibitor with varying frequencies in different ethnic populations.

cDNAs for protein C inhibitor (PCI), prepared from human liver RNA, contained two forms of PCI, designated PCI*A and PCI*B 1 . While PCI*A is identical to the published PCI sequence, PCI*B differs in 4 of 1221 bp and two amino acids, A36V and K86E. Frequencies for the PCI*B allele, determined from genomic DNA, differed among ethnic groups. Frequency distribution and historical migration of modern man suggest that PCI*A arose from the PCI*B allele. Antigen levels in plasma homozygous for PCI*A or PCI*B equalled that of pooled normal plasma. K86E in PCI*B causes a charge alteration in helix D which is likely involved in heparin binding in antithrombin III but not likely involved in glycosaminoglycan binding in PCI. Kinetic studies showed that plasmas homozygous for PCI*A and PCI*B are similar in their APC inhibiting properties and in their heparin sensitivity, consistent with the idea that helix D in PCI is not involved in heparin binding.
Rationale and design of the Randomized Evaluation of patients with Stable angina Comparing Utilization of noninvasive Examinations (RESCUE) trial

RESCUE is a phase III, randomized, controlled, multicenter, comparative efficacy study, designed to compare two diagnostic imaging/treatment paradigms that use coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) or single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT MPI) for assisting in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in patients with stable angina symptoms, and guiding subsequent treatment. The study is based on the hypothesis that CCTA as a diagnostic tool is associated with no increase in cardiac risk, decreased cost, and reduced radiation exposure compared with SPECT MPI. The RESCUE trial was funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) Fund for Imaging Innovation, began in 2011, and completed in 2014.
Asxl2−/− Mice Exhibit De Novo Cardiomyocyte Production during Adulthood

Heart attacks affect more than seven million people worldwide each year. A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, may result in the death of a billion cardiomyocytes within hours. The adult mammalian heart does not have an effective mechanism to replace lost cardiomyocytes. Instead, lost muscle is replaced with scar tissue, which decreases blood pumping ability and leads to heart failure over time. Here, we report that the loss of the chromatin factor ASXL2 results in spontaneous proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation of a subset of interstitial non-cardiomyocytes. The adult Asxl2−/− heart displays spontaneous overgrowth without cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thymidine analog labeling and Ki67 staining of 12-week-old hearts revealed 3- and 5-fold increases of proliferation rate for vimentin+ non-cardiomyocytes in Asxl2−/− over age- and sex-matched wildtype controls, respectively. Approximately 10% of proliferating non-cardiomyocytes in the Asxl2−/− heart express the cardiogenic marker NKX2-5, a frequency that is ~7-fold higher than that observed in the wildtype. EdU lineage tracing experiments showed that ~6% of pulsed-labeled non-cardiomyocytes in Asxl2−/− hearts differentiate into mature cardiomyocytes after a four-week chase, a phenomenon not observed for similarly pulse-chased wildtype controls. Taken together, these data indicate de novo cardiomyocyte production in the Asxl2−/− heart due to activation of a population of proliferative cardiogenic non-cardiomyocytes. Our study suggests the existence of an epigenetic barrier to cardiogenicity in the adult heart and raises the intriguing possibility of unlocking regenerative potential via transient modulation of epigenetic activity.
Randomized sketching for large-scale sparse ridge regression problems

We present a fast randomized ridge regression solver for sparse overdetermined matrices in distributed-memory platforms. Our solver is based on the Blendenpik algorithm, but employs sparse random projection schemes to construct a sketch of the input matrix. These sparse random projection sketching schemes, and in particular the use of the Randomized Sparsity-Preserving Transform, enable our algorithm to scale the distributed memory vanilla implementation of Blendenpik and provide up to × 13 speedup over a state-of-the-art parallel Cholesky-like sparse-direct solver.
Abstract B12: Establishment of paired primary neurosphere and monolayer cells of mouse xenograft derived from pediatric brain tumors

Background: Stable and reproducible in vitro cell lines derived from clinical samples are currently considered as the best research tools to study human cancers in vitro. Currently there is very limited availability of tumor cell lines, especially paried neurosphere and nomolayer cells. Patient tumor is difficult to obtain and cannot be harvested by multiple times. Direct use of patient tumor is associated with low success rate in in vitro culture. Here we sought to establish a set of paired primary neurosphere and monolayer cells in vitro by taking advantage of patient derived orthotopic xenograft models we have already established. Materials and Methods: We have established murine xenograft models that biologically and molecularly reciprocate their human counterparts. Those human tumor xenografts are able to provide a sustained and ample supply of tumor cells in ex vivo culture. Primary tumor cells could be continuously harvested from human tumor xenografts and are maintained both in serum-free medium to enrich neurosphere cells and in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing DMEM medium where tumor cells grow in monolayer. Results: We have already developed in primary culture a panel of paired neurosphere and monolayer cells derived from pediatric glioblastoma (GBM), medulloblastoma (MB)and ependymoma (EPN) at different culture stage including three different GBM cells over 60 passages and four over 20 passages, one EPN cell over 40 passages and one MB cell at early stage of around 20 passages. In vitro cultures demonstrated typical cell morphology of adherent and sphere cells for all pediatric brain tumor cell lines we cultured so far. These cultured cells are tumorigenic even with small number of tumor cells and the relative abundances of putative cancer stem cells are different between neurospheres and monolayer culture. Furthermore, our preliminary data from one pair of GBM neurospheres and monolayer cells by high throughput-out drug screening employing hundred thousands of already-identified molecules showed a panel of promising target candidates. Neurospheres and monolayer cells do not respond equally toward the same library of chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusion: Patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) can be a good source of human tumor cells for the establishment of in vitro model systems of pediatric brain tumors. The neurosphere and monolayer cells are morphologically and biologically different, which suggest that in future drug screening for both type of cells should be included. Citation Format: Yuchen Du, Lin Qi, Huiyuan Zhang, Mari Kogiso, Holly B. Lindsay, Sibo Zhao, Frank Braun, Xiaonan Li. Establishment of paired primary neurosphere and monolayer cells of mouse xenograft derived from pediatric brain tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Patient-Derived Cancer Models: Present and Future Applications from Basic Science to the Clinic; Feb 11-14, 2016; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(16_Suppl):Abstract nr B12.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aminothiolation of 1,3‐Dienes via a Dihydrothiazine Intermediate

Heteroatom-containing organic molecules are of particular interest to medicinal chemists and materials scientists. A strategy to reach these architectures via direct difunctionalization of abundant 1,3-dienes is especially attractive. Herein, we describe the development of a regio- and diastereoselective 1,4-aminothiolation of 1,3-dienes with a sulfur diimide reagent, a copper catalyst, and alkyl Grignard reagents. This unique protocol provides remote nitrogen and sulfur functionalities with high levels of stereocontrol. The reaction proceeds via a tandem hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition of N,N'-bis(benzenesulfonyl)sulfur diimide with 1,3-diene followed by copper-catalyzed Grignard substitution. Mechanistic studies support a copper catalyzed formation of an unprecedented [10-S-4] sulfurane that reductively eliminates to afford a 3,6-dihydrothiazine, which is selectively converted to 1,4-aminothiols.
Elevated maternal anxiety in the NICU predicts worse fine motor outcome in VLBW infants

Abstract Aim The literature is sparse with respect to the impact of elevated maternal psychological distress in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on later neurodevelopmental outcome in VLBW infants. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of elevated maternal distress, defined as elevated depression, anxiety and perinatal-specific post-traumatic stress, during the NICU hospitalization on VLBW infant ND outcome at 20 months corrected age (CA). Methods This was a prospective study of 69 mothers and their VLBW infants recruited in 2011–2012. Elevated maternal distress was collected by maternal questionnaire in the NICU. Elevated depression was quantified with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, anxiety with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and perinatal-specific post-traumatic stress with the Modified Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire. VLBW infant ND outcome was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant & Toddler Development-III at 20 months CA. Regression analyses determined the impact of elevated distress on ND outcome after adjusting for infant medical and maternal sociodemographic variables. Results After controlling for infant and maternal covariates, elevated maternal anxiety in the NICU predicted lower fine motor scores at 20 months CA. Conclusion Elevated maternal anxiety in the NICU is associated with adverse ND outcome in VLBW infants in the 2nd year of life. NICU-based support services may help mothers' quality of life and VLBW infant outcome.
Dynamic cost-effective emergency network provision

The importance to our society of emergency network communications cannot be underestimated. The loss of communication and network systems in a state of emergency denies victims of disaster and city emergency response teams critical information about the crisis. It is essential to restore communication systems and service in order to ensure continuous and efficient emergency operations. This paper presents a cloud-based cost-effective emergency network management system to provide dynamic network services. We have developed a network application to enable users to access the Internet during an emergency. The application is ready to immediately restore lost connectivity through economical embedded systems and UAVs. We implement our prototypes based on Resin.io, a framework that utilizes Linux containers on IoT(Internet of Things) devices to deploy applications. We evaluate our systems on Raspberry Pi, a popular embedded system. We demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed system, showing that it is an economical infrastructure that it can successfully be used for an emergency network to replace a demolished network infrastructure.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 inversely relates to monocyte/macrophage activation markers in HIV.

Objective:Monocyte/macrophage activation is increased among people with HIV, and may contribute to the heightened risk of atherosclerosis and neurocognitive dysfunction in this population. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has been shown to attenuate the innate immune response in animal models of
CD4+ T cells are activated in regional lymph nodes and migrate to skin to initiate lymphedema.

T cell-mediated responses have been implicated in the development of fibrosis, impaired lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic dysfunction in secondary lymphedema. Here we show that CD4+ T cells are necessary for lymphedema pathogenesis by utilizing adoptive transfer techniques in CD4 knockout mice that have undergone tail skin and lymphatic excision or popliteal lymph node dissection. We also demonstrate that T cell activation following lymphatic injury occurs in regional skin-draining lymph nodes after interaction with antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells. CD4+ T cell activation is associated with differentiation into a mixed T helper type 1 and 2 phenotype, as well as upregulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines that promote migration to the skin. Most importantly, we find that blocking T cell release from lymph nodes using a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator prevents lymphedema, suggesting that this approach may have clinical utility.
Modeling Obstetric Cardiovascular Physiology on a Full-Scale Patient Simulator

To our knowledge, this is the first attempt at adapting an existing cardiovascular model to simulate the hemodynamics of a particular patient population. Despite attempts to define the physiologic alterations in advance, we discovered there were critical parameters not completely defined in the literature. These were discovered through the iterative process of testing, comparing resulting vital signs with targets, and literature review. A list of the parameters that should be sought for future modeling efforts is provided (Table 3), but this list is by no means exhaustive. As further work is performed in this area, additional independent and essential parameters will be identified (pressure characteristics of valvular anomalies, for example). To define a physiology that is less well described in the literature, empirical alterations and best-guess estimates of parameter changes will be required with significantly more iterations. Finally, we have described only modeling of cardiovascular physiology, modeling the respiratory system will require a similar process.
"Normal" blood pressure in chimpanzees.

During routine physical examination under ketamine sedation, 140 blood pressure measurements from male and 170 from female chimpanzees were derived over a period of 3 yr. Statistical analysis revealed generally no differences between the sexes but significant increases of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with increasing age. The data obtained may constitute a useful management tool with which to identify hypertensive chimpanzees and suggests that this animal species could be a model for hypertension research.
Education, Research, and Community Services

Cognitive restructuring is necessary regarding the beliefs about the people and the issues deemed worthy of attention when learning about or researching people of African descent. To date in psychology, as well as in Black Studies curriculums, those who are sexual minorities of African descent have been insufficiently included in the academic literature, and in universities’ course content. In conjunction with the recommendations of scholars who advocate for the advancement of indigenous psychologies and liberation psychology, the inclusion of LGBT people of African descent as a formalized cultural study in liberation psychology is overdue.
Implicit and Explicit Parallel Computing in R

This paper outlines two approaches to introducing parallel computing to the R statistical computing environment. The first approach is based on implicitly parallelizing basic R operations, such as vectorized arithmetic operations; this is suitable for taking advantage of multi-core processors with shared memory. The second approach is based on developing a small set of explicit parallel computation directives and is most useful in a distributed memory framework.
Aging and Growth at High Altitudes in the Himalayas

The Himalayas and adjoining slopes and plateaus represent a unique setting for addressing a number of theoretical issues about the biological aging process. This chapter presents information on aspects of growth, development, and aging in a Himalayan population residing in a high altitude, rugged environment in Nepal and discusses this information in the context of several theories about factors influencing biological aging.
Looking Back and Moving Forward

This chapter is a summary and synthesis of the previous chapters. It is designed to help early childhood and elementary educators and students to consider how they can take social action together within a democratic, critical pedagogical classroom. The inclusion of all voices involved in the classroom and setting is integrally necessary to move forward in critical pedagogy. The loudest voices in education and that politically affect education are still white men. This must change if all voices are heard and incorporated into the conversation about educational change. Not only educators at every level are to engage in praxis, but the youngest of children can be taught to become involved in praxis, becoming active participants and stakeholders in the process.