cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Putin, Popular Protests, and Political Trajectories in Russia: A Comparative Perspective

During December 2011, large-scale, anti-regime protests erupted across Russia. What do the Russian uprisings reveal about popular challenges to authoritarian rule and the political trajectory of contemporary Russian authoritarianism? This study identifies two models of citizen mobilization against authoritarian leaders, one focusing on street-based protests and the other using elections as the key arena for launching popular challenges. Three factors encouraging both models are analyzed: declining public support for the regime; growing evidence that leaders are no longer invincible; and changing political opportunities for the opposition. The extent to which these conditions are present in Russia and what this ledger suggests about plausible political trajectories there are evaluated.
Social ties and online word of mouth

Purpose – The power of word of mouth (WOM) communication and its influence on consumer decision making is well established in academic literature. The recent adoption of online communication by many consumers has facilitated a fundamental change to the structure of many WOM interactions by exposing consumers to electronic WOM (eWOM) from virtual strangers. The current study seeks to uncover whether traditional findings on social ties and WOM communication hold for eWOM information.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 482 college students with varying levels of expertise with eWOM forums, specifically RateMyProfessors.com in the USA. Participants completed a 20‐question survey related to university professor and class choice.Findings – The study finds that students seeking information on which professor to take weight the information they obtain from eWOM forums to be equally influential in their decision as their own primary experience with the professor. Furthermore, the information gai...
The properties of genome conformation and spatial gene interaction and regulation networks of normal and malignant human cell types.

The spatial conformation of a genome plays an important role in the long-range regulation of genome-wide gene expression and methylation, but has not been extensively studied due to lack of genome conformation data. The recently developed chromosome conformation capturing techniques such as the Hi-C method empowered by next generation sequencing can generate unbiased, large-scale, high-resolution chromosomal interaction (contact) data, providing an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the spatial structure of a genome and its applications in gene regulation, genomics, epigenetics, and cell biology. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive, large-scale computational analysis of this new stream of genome conformation data generated for three different human leukemia cells or cell lines by the Hi-C technique. We developed and applied a set of bioinformatics methods to reliably generate spatial chromosomal contacts from high-throughput sequencing data and to effectively use them to study the properties of the genome structures in one-dimension (1D) and two-dimension (2D). Our analysis demonstrates that Hi-C data can be effectively applied to study tissue-specific genome conformation, chromosome-chromosome interaction, chromosomal translocations, and spatial gene-gene interaction and regulation in a three-dimensional genome of primary tumor cells. Particularly, for the first time, we constructed genome-scale spatial gene-gene interaction network, transcription factor binding site (TFBS) – TFBS interaction network, and TFBS-gene interaction network from chromosomal contact information. Remarkably, all these networks possess the properties of scale-free modular networks.
Specific Activity of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase in CD-1 Mice Is Significantly Affected by Dietary Selenium But Not Zinc

Reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidation of methionine residues in protein results in a racemic mixture of R and S forms of methionine sulfoxide (MetO). MetO is reduced back to methionine by the methionine sulfoxide reductases MsrA and MsrB. MsrA is specific toward the S form and MsrB is specific toward the R form of MetO. MsrB is a selenoprotein reported to contain zinc (Zn). To determine the effects of dietary selenium (Se) and Zn on Msr activity, CD-1 mice (N=16/group) were fed, in a 2×2 design, diets containing 0 or 0.2 μg Se/g and 3 or 15 ∥ Zn/g. As an oxidative stress, half of the mice received L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; ip; 2 mmol/kg, three times per week for the last 3 wk); the others received saline. After 9.5 wk, Msr (the combined specific activities of MsrA and MsrB) was measured in the brain, kidney, and liver. Se deficiency decreased (p<0.0001) Msr in all three tissues, but Zn had no direct effect. BSO treatment was expected to result in increased Msr activity; this was not seen. Additionally, we found that the ratio of MetO to methionine in liver protein was increased (indicative of oxidative damage) by Se deficiency. The results show that Se deficiency increases oxidation of methionyl residues in protein, that Se status affects Msr (most likely through effects on the selenoprotein MsrB), and that marginal Zn deficiency has little effect on Msr in liver and kidney. Finally, the results show that the oxidative effects of limited BSO treatment did not upregulate Msr activity.
The Measurement of Specular Defects on Semiconductor Surfaces

An apparatus and optical technique is described that allows the quantitative measurements of haze and other specular defects on silicon surfaces. The technique can be applied to any flat, polished specimen and yields information on the nature of the defect as well as the relative surface area covered. Data are presented for such defects as stacking faults, lapping damage, and scratches. The application of this technique to the study of epitaxial growth over steps on a silicon wafer is also described.
A spacetime discontinuous Galerkin method for hyperbolic heat conduction

Non-Fourier conduction models remedy the paradox of infinite signal speed in the traditional parabolic heat equation. For applications involving very short length or time scales, hyperbolic conduction models better represent the physical thermal transport processes. This paper reviews the Maxwell–Cattaneo–Vernotte modification of the Fourier conduction law and describes its implementation within a spacetime discontinuous Galerkin (SDG) finite element method that admits jumps in the primary variables across element boundaries with arbitrary orientation in space and time. A causal, advancing-front meshing procedure enables a patch-wise solution procedure with linear complexity in the number of spacetime elements. An h-adaptive scheme and a special SDG shock-capturing operator accurately resolve sharp solution features in both space and time. Numerical results for one spatial dimension demonstrate the convergence properties of the SDG method as well as the effectiveness of the shock-capturing method. Simulations in two spatial dimensions demonstrate the proposed method’s ability to accurately resolve continuous and discontinuous thermal waves in problems where rapid and localized heating of the conducting medium takes place.
“Snakes in the greens” and rumor in the innercity

Abstract During a few warm days of an otherwise dreary winter a rumor spread through a low income neighborhood on the west side of Dayton, Ohio. Through fortuitous circumstances the author gained entrance into the rumor network, interviewed rumor participants, and directly observed the rumor interaction. These data provided the basis for a reformulation of the rumor concept to include the ideas that rumors structure ambiguity, organize futures, and are instrumental in the construction of solidarity and community.
Ultrasound Versus Culdocentesis in the Evaluation of Early and Late Ectopic Pregnancy

A retrospective study of patients found to have ectopic pregnancy was undertaken to determine the relative usefulness of culdocentesis and ultrasound in the evaluation of early and late presentations. The patient's history was used as the sole determinant of gestational age, and results of culdocentesis and/or ultrasound were reviewed. In early presentations (less than 42 days gestation), 38% of ultrasound examinations and 89% of culdocenteses performed were positive. In late presentations, 93% of ultrasound examinations and 70% of culdocenteses performed were positive. The difference between the modalities' performance was significant ( P
Specialized Training in APA-Accredited Clinical Psychology Doctoral Programs: Findings From a Review of Program Websites

The current study examined the websites of the 231 clinical psychology doctoral programs accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) in 2007 and found that more than half described themselves as offering a track, emphasis, certificate, or degree in a specialized training area. About 18% of programs required students to enroll in a specialized training stream. The most common areas of specialized training were clinical child, clinical health, forensic, family, and clinical neuropsychology. The most common format for specialized training was a track within a general clinical training program. A greater percentage of PsyD programs than PhD programs offered specialized training, and PsyD programs offered more areas of specialization than PhD programs. Overall, results indicate that specialized training is common among APA-accredited clinical psychology doctoral programs.
Physical and Kinetic Analysis of the Cooperative Role of Metal Ions in Catalysis of Phosphodiester Cleavage by a Dinuclear Zn(II) Complex

A dinuclear metal ion complex Zn2(L2O) and its mononuclear analogue Zn(L1OH) were synthesized and studied as catalysts of the cleavage of the phosphate diester 2-hydroxypropyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNP). X-ray crystal structure data, potentiometric titrations, and 1H NMR spectra obtained over a wide range of pH values provide strong evidence that the alcohol linker in the complex Zn2(L2O) is ionized below pH 6.0, while the alcohol group in the complex Zn(L1OH) remains protonated even at high pH. The ionizations observed at high pH correspond to the formation of the monohydroxo complexes, Zn2(L2O)(OH) and Zn(L1OH)(OH), with pKa's of 8.0 and 9.2, respectively. The pH-rate profiles of second-order rate constants for metal-ion complex-catalyzed cleavage of HPNP are reported. These show downward curvature centered at the pKa's for the respective zinc-bound waters, and limiting second-order rate constants at high pH of kc = 0.71 M-1 s-1 for Zn2(L2O) and 0.061 M-1 s-1 for Zn(L1OH). The larger catalytic activ...
Implications of New Insurance Coverage for Access to Care, Cost-Sharing, and Reimbursement

The good news for patients is that starting in 2014 the Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires individual and group health plans to issue policies to all applicants, regardless of health status. Through the ACA’s individual mandate, insurance exchanges, and Medicaid expansion, guaranteed issue will provide new coverage for millions of citizens. Having insurance, however, does not always guarantee access to primary care. Lost in the political rhetoric around health reform and technical glitches in the HealthCare.gov website are a set of critical decisions that many physician practices will have to make in the coming years. These decisions may very well contribute to the ultimate success or failure of the ACA
Can ORMAS be used for nonadiabatic coupling calculations? SiCH4 and butadiene contours

When appropriately used, the multiconfigurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) approximation is useful in discerning correct electronic structure results. However, with the increasing size of chemical systems of interest, MCSCF rapidly becomes unfeasible due to the requirement of larger active spaces, which lead to computationally unmanageable numbers of configurations. This situation is especially true for complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF). In particular, reducing this computational expense by using restricted active spaces in solving for gradients and nonadiabatic couplings (NACs) during dynamics runs would save computer time. However, the validity of such restricted spaces is not well-known even for recovering the majority of the nondynamical correlation and inevitably varies between chemical systems across a range of nuclear geometries. As such, we use the recently implemented coupled perturbed–occupation restricted multiple active space (CP-ORMAS) equations (West et al., unpublished) to verify the accuracy of this approximation for gradients and NACs vectors around two specific conical intersection geometries for the silaethylene and butadiene systems. Overall, no excitations between appropriate subspaces show qualitatively reasonable results while single excitations significantly improve ORMAS results relative to the CASSCF level in these particular systems. However, single excitation schemes do not always lead to the correct orbital subspaces, and as a result, seemingly smooth potential energy surfaces (PES) do not always result in smooth analytical gradients and NACs. In addition, while some of the single excitation ORMAS and CASSCF schemes have improper orbitals rotate into the active space, the schemes without excitations (even with more subspaces) do not exhibit this behavior.
The influence of chemical cues on the territorial prior residence effect in convict cichlids (cichlasoma nigrofasciatum Günther)

The importance of accumulated chemical cues on the occurrence of the territorial prior residence effect was investigated in two experiments using adult convict cichlids (Cichlasonul nigrofasciatum). In the first experiment, pairs of fish, matched on a number of criteria, were randomly assigned to three independent treatment conditions in which (1) the territorial marker (pot or clump of plants) was removed just prior to a direct encounter in the aquarium of the resident (pair member in whose aquarium the encounter took place) with accumulated chemical cues remaining intact; (2) the marker was removed, as well as the chemical cues; or (3) the marker was present, but the chemical cues were removed. Results showed that a significant prior residence effect occurred when the marker was present, but did not occur in either condition in which the marker was removed. A second experiment, in which the marker was removed and the gravel substrate altered, also did not reveal a signficant prior residence effect. Apparently, the territorial resident recognizes his territory by using certain visual cues, with accumulated chemical cues being neither necessary nor sufficient in this process.
Fc receptor endocytosis is controlled by a cytoplasmic domain determinant that actively prevents coated pit localization

Macrophages and B-lymphocytes express two major isoforms of Fc receptor (FcRII-B2 and FcRII-B1) that exhibit distinct capacities for endocytosis. This difference in function reflects the presence of an in-frame insertion of 47 amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain of the lymphocyte isoform (FcRII-B1) due to alternative mRNA splicing. By expressing wild type and mutant FcRII cDNAs in fibroblasts, we have now examined the mechanism by which the insertion acts to prevent coated pit localization and endocytosis. We first identified the region of the FcRII-B2 cytoplasmic domain that is required for rapid internalization. Using a biochemical assay for endocytosis and an immuno-EM assay to determine coated pit localization directly, we found that the distal half of the cytoplasmic domain, particularly a region including residues 18-31, as needed for coated pit-mediated endocytosis. Elimination of the tyrosine residues at position 26 and 43, separately or together, had little effect on coated pit localization and a partial effect on endocytosis of ligand. Since the FcRII-B1 insertion occurs in the membrane-proximal region of the cytoplasmic domain (residue 6) not required for internalization, it is unlikely to act by physically disrupting the coated pit localization determinant. In fact, the insertion was found to prevent endocytosis irrespective of its position in the cytoplasmic tail and appeared to selectively exclude the receptor from coated regions. Moreover, receptors bearing the insertion exhibited a temperature- and ligand-dependent association with a detergent-insoluble fraction and with actin filaments, perhaps in part explaining the inability of FcRII-B1 to enter coated pits.
The Yugoslav economy viewed through the theory of labor management

Abstract In the days of Marx, the major problem was the liberation of the working man from the capitalist. The contribution of Yugoslavia to socialism is the liberation of the working man from the state. But socialist labor-management cannot assume the position of the leading world system, which belongs to it, until it liberates the working man from himself as a collective capitalist.
Turbine Floater-Tether Coupled Dynamic Analysis Including Second-Order Sum-Frequency Wave Loads for a TLP-Type FOWT (Floating Offshore Wind Turbine)

In the present study, a numerical simulation tool has been applied for the time-domain turbine-floater-tether fully-coupled dynamic analysis of a FOWT. The fully coupled dynamic analysis includes aero-blade-tower dynamics and control, mooring dynamics, and platform motions. In particular, the effects of second-order sum-frequency wave excitations on the coupled dynamic analysis are investigated. The fully coupled simulations with full blade operation are compared with those with parked condition (without blade rotation). For this purpose, a mono-column TLP with 5MW turbine in 200m water depth is selected as an example. The time histories and spectra of the FOWT motions and accelerations as well as tether top-tensions are presented for the given random collinear wind-wave condition. The shift of original floater natural frequencies due to the inclusion of tower flexural modes is demonstrated. The increase of aero damping in the case of rotating blades is also explained. The second-order sum-frequency wave loading introduces high-frequency excitations near pitch-roll resonance frequencies or lowest tower flexural modes. Its effects are more clearly seen in the blade-parked condition than the blade-fully-operational condition. The increased high-frequency responses may significantly increase tower-top accelerations and accumulated fatigue.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Low-Latency Synchronous Clock Distribution and Recovery for DWDM-OFDMA-Based Optical Mobile Backhaul

In this paper, we propose and experimentally verify a low-latency digital signal processing (DSP)-free synchronous clock distribution and recovery scheme for high-speed dense wavelength division multiplexing orthogonal frequency division multiple access (DWDM-OFDMA)-based mobile backhaul (MBH) systems. The synchronous clock distribution is achieved jointly with high-speed OFDMA data signal transmission through a simple and low-cost intensity-modulation direct-detection (IMDD) optical backhaul architecture that also guarantees clock time and frequency stability. We experimentally verify aggregate 41.09-Gb/s (7λ × 5.87 Gb/s/λ) DWDM-OFDMA data rates with distribution and recovery of 50-MHz square wave and 4-GHz sinusoid clocks over 40 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) with spectrally-efficient 25-GHz channel spacing and no remote optical amplification. To demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed system, aggregate 51.31-Gb/s (7λ × 7.33 Gb/s/λ) DWDM-OFDMA transmission with 50-MHz square wave and 5-GHz sine wave clocks is also experimentally evaluated. Highly precise time and frequency accuracy is achieved, featuring an order of magnitude improvement with respect to LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) synchronization requirements. By supporting high bit rates, high spectral efficiency, and low-latency synchronization, the proposed approach is promising for future optical MBH.
Molecular aberrations, targeted therapy, and renal cell carcinoma: current state-of-the-art

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the most prevalent malignancies in the USA. Most RCCs are sporadic, but hereditary syndromes associated with RCC account for 2–3 % of cases and include von Hippel-Lindau, hereditary leiomyomatosis, Birt-Hogg-Dube, tuberous sclerosis, hereditary papillary RCC, and familial renal carcinoma. In the past decade, our understanding of the genetic mutations associated with sporadic forms of RCC has increased considerably, with the most common mutations in clear cell RCC seen in the VHL, PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2 genes. Among these, BAP1 mutations are associated with aggressive disease and decreased survival. Several targeted therapies for advanced RCC have been approved and include sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) activity), everolimus, and temsirolimus (TKIs that inhibit mTORC1, the downstream part of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway). High-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) immunotherapy and the combination of bevacizumab plus interferon-α are also approved treatments. At present, there are no predictive genetic markers to direct therapy for RCC, perhaps because the vast majority of trials have been evaluated in unselected patient populations, with advanced metastatic disease. This review will focus on our current understanding of the molecular genetics of RCC, and how this may inform therapeutics.
Production, Purification and Preliminary X-ray Crystallographic Studies of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 9

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9, which is under development for gene-delivery applications, shows significantly enhanced capsid-associated transduction efficiency in muscle compared with other AAV serotypes. With the aim of characterizing the structural determinants of this property, the purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analyses of the AAV9 viral capsid are reported. The crystals diffracted X-rays to 2.8 A resolution using synchrotron radiation and belonged to the trigonal space group P32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 251.0, c = 640.0 A. There are three complete viral capsids in the crystal unit cell. The orientation and position of the asymmetric unit capsid have been determined by molecular-replacement methods and structure determination is in progress.
A centralized cache miss driven technique to improve processor power dissipation

Leakage and dynamic power are a major challenge in microprocessor design. Many circuit techniques along with micro-architectural innovations have been proposed to reduce power in individual processor units. But it is not clear that these techniques can be combined. A centralized approach which can reduce power in more than one unit at a time with minimal the hardware overhead is needed. This paper proposes such a centralized approach that attempts to simultaneously reduce power in processor units with highest dissipation: the reorder buffer, the instruction queue, and the integer and the floating-point register files. It is based on an observation that utilization for the aforementioned units varies significantly, during a period when an L2 cache miss or multiple L1 cache misses are pending as compared to a period when none of these are present. Therefore we propose to dynamically adjust the size and thus power dissipation of these resources during such periods. Circuit level modifications required for such resource adaptation are presented. Simulation results for SPEC2K benchmarks show a substantial reduction in both leakage and dynamic power: the total dynamic power is reduced by as much as 30, 31, 31 and 48% for the reorder buffer, the integer register file, the floating-point register file and the instruction queue, respectively. The reduction in leakage is up to 33% for reorder buffer and 37% for integer and floating-point register files. The total energy-delay product is reduced, on average, by 15, 26, 20 and 17% for the reorder buffer, the integer register file, the floating-point register file and the instruction queue respectively. This comes at the cost of a performance impact which is as low as 0.9% for integer and 2.2% for floating-point benchmarks. The required hardware modification is shown to be minimal.
Three New Species of the Genus Alpheus (Decapoda, Alpheidae) From the International Indian Ocean Expedition 1)

[Description de trois nouvelles especes d'Alpheus provenant du materiel recueilli par l'Expedition Internationale dans l'Ocean Indien: A. canaliculatus (de 20°05'N 115°11'E, 137 brasses), A. pus tulosus (de 21°N 114°E, 30-40 brasses) et A. spatulatus (de 19°17'N 112°81'E, 52 brasses)., Description de trois nouvelles especes d'Alpheus provenant du materiel recueilli par l'Expedition Internationale dans l'Ocean Indien: A. canaliculatus (de 20°05'N 115°11'E, 137 brasses), A. pus tulosus (de 21°N 114°E, 30-40 brasses) et A. spatulatus (de 19°17'N 112°81'E, 52 brasses).]
An 8×8 lightweight flexible multilayer antenna array

A lightweight flexible multilayer 8×8 antenna array has been designed, fabricated, and measured. The results show 16.9 dB of gain with the loss originating mainly from the line loss of the corporate feed network. Using via hole technology, ‘stitching’ of two 4×8 sub-arrays have been achieved with minimal RF performance degradation. In addition, the array has been measured on a cylinder with a radius of 6.5 cm as a verification of its flexibility and the results show negligible performance change due to mechanical distortion.
Sustainable development with green productivity in manufacturing

This paper provides insight of many aspects of journey of green factories and beyond 'go green' approaches geared towards assembly and test factories. With the management supports to take environment excellence to the next level, the chemical and waste management team working together with factory floor employees has embarked on a journey to practice the three key sustainable development initiatives: 1) chemical waste reduction; 2) total chemical safety and environmental management and; 3) 5R pollution prevention practices.
Special respect redux.

The President's Council on Bioethics (PCB) has deepened ethical and policy debates with its more conservative slant on bioethical issues. In the process it has elicited both brickbats and exasperat...
Base rates of counterproductive work behaviors

OF THE THESIS BASE RATES OF COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIORS by Candace Atamanik-Dunphy Florida International University, 2009 Miami, Florida Professor Chockalingham Viswesvaran, Major Professor This study provides a comprehensive assessment of base rates for counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) and examines their relationship with personality and demographic variables. The Randomized-Response Technique (RRT) was employed in order to reduce the effects of social desirability. Base rates were calculated for 66 behaviors for a student and nationwide sample. Results revealed 15 significant behaviors for the student sample and 7 for the nationwide sample. In addition, low neuroticism was found to relate to higher reporting of counterproductive behavior for both groups. Also, low conscientiousness was related to higher reports of CWB in the student sample. Finally, CWB was found to differ based on ethnicity for the student sample such that Caucasians reported higher rates of CWB than Hispanics.
A Space-Economical Suffix Tree Construction Algorithm

A new algorithm is presented for constructing auxiliary digital search trees to aid in exact-match substring searching. This algorithm has the same asymptotic running time bound as previously published algorithms, but is more economical in space. Some implementation considerations are discussed, and new work on the modification of these search trees in response to incremental changes in the strings they index (the update problem) is presented.
Hierarchical CPU utilization control for real-time guarantees in power grid computing

Blackouts in our daily life can be disastrous with enormous economic loss. Blackouts usually occur when appropriate corrective actions are not effectively taken for an initial contingency. Therefore, it is critical to complete those tasks that are running power grid computing algorithms in the Energy Management System (EMS) in a timely manner to avoid blackouts. This problem can be formulated as guaranteeing end-to-end deadlines in a Distributed Real-time Embedded (DRE) system. However, existing feedback scheduling algorithms in DRE systems cannot be directly adopted to handle with significantly different timescales of power grid computing tasks. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical control solution to guarantee the deadlines of those tasks in EMS by grouping them based on their characteristics. Furthermore, we present an adaptive control scheme to achieve analytical assurance of control accuracy and system stability, in spite of significant system variation. Our solution is based on well-established control theory for guaranteed control accuracy and system stability and can adapt to changes in the system model without manual reconfiguration and profiling. Simulation results based on a realistic workload configuration demonstrate that our solution can guarantee timeliness for power grid computing and hence help to avoid blackouts.
Germination and proteome analyses reveal intraspecific variation in seed dormancy regulation in common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus).

Common waterhemp is an obligate outcrosser that has high genetic variability. However, under selection pressure, this weed shows population differentiation for adaptive traits. Intraspecific variation for herbicide resistance has been studied, but no studies have been conducted to determine the existence of variation for other adaptive traits that could influence weed management. The objective of this study was to examine the existence of different seed dormancy regulatory mechanisms in common waterhemp. Seed dormancy regulation, in response to different temperature and moisture regimes, was studied through germination experiments and proteome analysis using two common waterhemp biotypes (Ames and Everly) collected from agricultural fields in Iowa, and one biotype (Ohio) collected from a pristine area in Ohio. Without stratification, germination percentage among the different biotypes was 9, 29 and 88% for Ames, Everly, and Ohio respectively. The germination rate of seeds from Ames was dramatically increased after incubation at either 4 or 25 C under wet conditions, whereas germination of seeds from Everly was only increased at 25 C under wet conditions. The Ohio biotype showed no change in germination response to any of the incubation treatments. Germination studies indicated that the rate of seed dormancy alleviation differed between biotypes. Seed protein profiles obtained from the three biotypes differed in protein abundance, number, and type. A putative small heat-shock protein (sHSP) of 17.6 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) 6.1 increased whereas a putative glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) of 30.9 kDa and pI 6.4 decreased in abundance in the Ames biotype as seed dormancy was reduced in response to incubation at 4 C and wet conditions. These two proteins did not change in the Everly and Ohio biotypes, suggesting that these proteins changed their abundance in response to seed dormancy alleviation. The results of this study suggest that differences in seed dormancy levels between the biotypes were due to different physiological regulatory mechanisms.
The performance of adaptive window flow controls in a dynamic load environment

The behavior of window flow control schemes that adapt to changing network conditions is studied. A dynamic window scheme, which adjusts the window size based on explicit network congestion indicators, is proposed. The throughput performance of the adaptive policy under both steady-state and nonstationary conditions is studied. The superiority of this scheme over some previously proposed adaptive window schemes based on implicit congestion detection is demonstrated. >
RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) ANALYSIS IN BARLEY PLANTS DERIVED FROM ANTHER CULTURE

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to study DNA variation in 123 green, doubled-haploid plants derived from anther culture of six barley cultivars, including 'Andre', 'Harrington', 'Hector', 'Moravian III', 'Morex' and 'Otis'. Polymorphic fragments were found among derived lines and between cultivar and derived lines with 16 of 22 primers studied. The frequencies of polymorphism varied between derived lines. Lines derived from Moravian III showed polymorphism with 13 primers, while Hector and Hector derived lines were monomorphic with 22 primers studied. This indicated that DNA may be modified during anther culture and the degree of variation depended on the genotype of each cultivar.
Infant acceptance of breast milk after maternal exercise.

Objective. Previous research reported that breast milk lactic acid (LA) levels increase after lactating women complete a bout of exhaustive exercise, resulting in poor infant acceptance of the postexercise breast milk. This highly publicized finding may not apply to more practical, everyday exercise conditions of lactating women. The purpose of the present study was to reexamine the composition and infant acceptance of postexercise breast milk while controlling maternal diet, exercise intensity, and the method, timing, and assessment of infant feeding. Research Design and Methods. Twenty-four women, 2 to 4 months’ postpartum, completed 3 test sessions: a maximal oxygen uptake test, a 30-minute bout of moderate exercise, and a resting control session. One hour before and 1 hour after each session, participants fully expressed their milk, placed it in a bottle familiar to the infant, fed their infant, and rated their infant’s acceptance of the milk. Each feeding was videotaped and viewed individually by 3 lactation consultants who rated infant acceptance; consultants were blinded to the test sessions. Milk was analyzed for LA and infant milk consumption was measured. Results. There were no differences in presession versus postsession values for maternal skin temperature, breast milk temperature, and infant milk acceptance as judged by either the mothers or lactation consultants. These results prevailed despite a small but significant increase in breast milk LA premaximal versus postmaximal exercise (0.09 vs 0.21 mM, respectively); there was no difference in milk LA premoderate versus postmoderate exercise, or prerest versus postrest. Conclusion. These data support the hypothesis that moderate or even high-intensity exercise during lactation does not impede infant acceptance of breast milk consumed 1 hour postexercise.
Maternal Mortality Ratio in Sri Lanka: towards a single digit

Journal of the College of Community Physicians of Sri Lanka Volume 16, No. 02, December 2011 31-37 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jccpsl.v16i2.4578
As primeiras vezes. J.A.Hansen e a leitura em liberdade. Crônica de um Encontro, seguido de Entrevista (quase) inédita.

Comentario sobre a obra critica de Joao Adolfo Hansen, incluindo transcricao de entrevista integral realizada com o autor sobre o romance Grande Sertao:Veredas , de Joao Guimaraes Rosa.
Urban Elementary School Personnel's Perceptions of Student Health and Student Health Needs

Objective.—To determine the perceptions of school personnel with regard to urban students' health and health needs as part of a planning process for development and implementation of school-linked health services. Methods.—A self-administered, close-ended questionnaire was given to 294 schoolteachers and school staff to assess school personnel perceptions of 1) health needs of students, 2) priority of need for health services or programs delivered on-site or off-site, and 3) selected factors suspected to affect implementation of new school health services. Results.—A total of 72% of teachers and 77% of staff completed the survey. The most highly ranked need by school personnel was mental health, followed by violence and anger management and physical abuse and domestic violence. The most commonly requested services on-site and off-site were for physical abuse or domestic violence, mental health, and drug or other substance abuse. Only 40% of teachers and staff rated current health services as excellent or good. A total of 72% of teachers and staff had some level of discomfort with their current responsibilities regarding the health of students. Parental involvement was reported to be quite low, with only 9% of teachers and staff rating it as excellent or good. Conclusions.—The greatest health care need identified by these elementary school personnel was not for management of chronic or acute physical health conditions, but for mental health services and programs to meet the emotional and psychosocial needs of students. When implementing school-linked or school-based mental health services, focus needs to be placed on 3 areas: 1) education of school health and educational personnel regarding common mental health issues, 2) development of systems that improve knowledge of and connection with mental health resources inside and outside the school, and 3) development of systems that improve communication within the school and between the school and parents regarding health services.
Life between predators and a small space: substrate selection of an interstitial space-dwelling stream salamander

Physical space is a fundamental habitat constraint for interstitial space-dwelling organisms; however, few studies have examined how physical space variation structures predator/prey interactions within such communities. Streambeds in the western Ozark Plateau are composed of Silurian/Ordovician chert gravel and contain a rich assemblage of interstitial space-dwelling species, including macroinvertebrates, fishes and aquatic salamanders. Here, we used field and lab experiments to examine interstitial space size preference and structure of an Ozark streambed community, with emphasis on the Oklahoma salamander, Eurycea tynerensis, and its predators (crayfish) and prey (isopods and amphipods). In the field, we implemented a three by six grid of enclosures containing three distinct size classes of well-sorted substrate (small, medium and large) that represented three categories of interstitial space size. Isopods and amphipods were the most abundant macroinvertebrates at the site, and the average size of isopods increased with substrate size. Salamanders were significantly more abundant in medium-sized substrate enclosures, whereas isopods of consumable size and amphipods were more abundant in small and medium substrate, and crayfish were found exclusively in large substrate enclosures. Pairwise choice experiments in the lab showed that salamanders always preferred the largest gravel size (i.e. large or medium to small, and large to medium). A subsequent experiment performed with uniformly large gravel demonstrated that salamanders avoided positions near and adjacent to crayfish. We suggest that the finite interstitial space distribution of Oklahoma salamanders is limited by physical constraints of small, prey-rich spaces, and avoidance of predators and prey scarcity in the interstitial spaces among large substrates. This study demonstrates the strong influence of interstitial space size on community structure and predator/prey interactions in chert-bottomed Ozark streams.
Primary school literacy in Southern Africa: African perspectives

This research review examines trends in recent scholarship concerning primary school literacy instruction in Southern Africa. Past scholarship, particularly that which originated from western researchers, focused on technical or structural issues facing literacy instruction in the region, such as language of instruction, school conditions, availability of books, and teacher training. Newer scholarship that has emerged primarily from African researchers focuses more on sociocultural and sociopolitical issues such as promoting a ‘reading culture’, shaping language policy, and examining literacy as a local social practice. Increasingly, researchers advocate local, rather than western/northern, solutions to African problems in literacy development and instruction. However, African perspectives are nevertheless influenced by western perspectives and agendas, as a result of colonialism, postcolonialism, and globalisation. Hybrid solutions that combine western and African perspectives therefore may be important ...
Intranasal Insulin Therapy for Alzheimer Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Objective To examine the effects of intranasal insulin administration on cognition, function, cerebral glucose metabolism, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease (AD). Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting Clinical research unit of a Veterans Affairs medical center. Participants The intent-to-treat sample consisted of 104 adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 64) or mild to moderate AD (n = 40). Intervention Participants received placebo (n = 30), 20 IU of insulin (n = 36), or 40 IU of insulin (n = 38) for 4 months, administered with a nasal drug delivery device (Kurve Technology, Bothell, Washington). Main Outcome Measures Primary measures consisted of delayed story recall score and the Dementia Severity Rating Scale score, and secondary measures included the Alzheimer Disease's Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) score and the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–activities of daily living (ADCS-ADL) scale. A subset of participants underwent lumbar puncture (n = 23) and positron emission tomography with fludeoxyglucose F 18 (n = 40) before and after treatment. Results Outcome measures were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of covariance. Treatment with 20 IU of insulin improved delayed memory (P Conclusions These results support longer trials of intranasal insulin therapy for patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and patients with AD. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00438568
Almotriptan for the acute treatment of adolescent migraine

Importance of the field: Migraine is a common problem affecting 10 – 20% of adolescents. Its treatment has three fundamental components: bio-behavioral interventions, preventive measures, and acute drug therapy. In June 2009, the US FDA approved almotriptan, a 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist, for the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents aged 12 – 17 years – the first ‘triptan’ to be approved for adolescents.Areas covered in this review: This review will provide an overview of migraine in adolescents focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, classification and a review of treatment options with attention on the evidence from the past 5 years surrounding almotriptan.What the reader will gain: Given its recent FDA approval, it is important to for clinicians and pharmacists to become familiar with the clinical spectrum of migraine in teenagers and with recent evidence on this newly approved agent, almotriptan.Take home message: Almotriptan is a safe, effective, and approved agent for the acute treatment of ...
Numerical simulations of water movement in a subsurface drip irrigation system under field and laboratory conditions using HYDRUS-2D

Due to the decreasing availability of water resources and the increasing competition for water between residential, industrial, and agricultural users, increasing irrigation efficiency, by methods like subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems, is a pressing concern for agricultural authorities. To properly manage SDI systems, and increase the efficiency of the water/fertilizer use while reducing water losses due to evaporation, the precise distribution of water around the emitters must be known. In this paper, the Windows-based computer software package HYDRUS-2D, which numerically simulates water, heat, and/or solute movement in two-dimensional, variably-saturated porous media, was used to evaluate the distribution of water around the emitter in a clay loam soil. The simulation results were compared with two sets of laboratory and field experiments involving SDI with emitters installed at different depths, and were evaluated using the root-mean-square-error (RMSE). The RMSE at different locations varied between 0.011 and 0.045 for volumetric water contents, and between 0.98 and 4.36 cm for wetting dimensions. Based on these values, it can be concluded that the correspondence between simulations and observations was very good.
Crosslinking in keratins. IV. Thermal cleavage of crosslinks

When wool is heated at 205°C. under silicone oil, it becomes progressively more soluble in 88% formic acid. This solubility is due almost exclusively to breakage of disulfide crosslinks. Assuming first-order crosslink cleavage, and using the methods of the first paper of this series, we establish the presence of two independent components. One component, about 20% of the wool, has a molecular weight of at least 70,000; the other has a molecular weight of at least 3300.
Pressure dependence of the hildebrand solubility parameter and the internal pressure : Monte carlo simulations for external pressures up to 300 MPa

Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to compute the Hildebrand solubility parameter and the internal pressure for n-hexane, benzene, and ethanol at a temperature of 303.15 K and for external pressures ranging from 0.1 to 300 MPa. In addition, the internal energy, molar volume, enthalpy of the liquid phase, and free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solvation were calculated as a function of external pressure. For all three molecules, the solubility parameter is found to increase monotonically with increasing external pressure, while the internal pressure exhibits a maximum. The magnitude of the solvation free energy decreases monotonically as external pressure is increased and both enthalpic and entropic terms contribute to this decrease in solubility. Analysis of radial distribution functions indicates small structural changes in the liquid phase and differences between nonpolar and hydrogen-bonding fluids in response to external pressure changes.
Efficient hardware decoding method for modified Huffman code

A hardware decoder using an efficient decoding method for the modified Huffman code is illustrated. The decoding method can be realised by simple hardware thus enabling the whole data compression unit to be incorporated as a peripheral device for a microcontroller.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Women: Confirming Translational Science or More Confounded Clinical Research?∗

In both animals and humans, differences have been noted in left ventricular remodeling between sexes when faced with the chronic pressure overload of aortic valve stenosis (AS) [(1,2)][1]. Women, on average, develop thicker ventricles with greater preservation of ejection fraction and less fibrosis
Pairwise Kernels for Human Interaction Recognition

In this paper we model binary people interactions by forming temporal interaction trajectories, under the form of a time series, coupling together the body motion of each individual as well as their proximity relationships. Such trajectories are modeled with a non-linear dynamical system (NLDS). We develop a framework that entails the use of so-called pairwise kernels, able to compare interaction trajectories in the space of NLDS. To do so we address the problem of modeling the Riemannian structure of the trajectory space, and we also prove that kernels have to satisfy certain symmetry properties, which are peculiar of this interaction modeling framework. Experiment results show that this approach is quite promising, as it is able to match and improve state-of-the-art classification and retrieval accuracies on two human interaction datasets.