cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turnaround Value and Valuation: Reassessing Scott Paper

This article presents an approach for assessing turnaround opportunities that includes both pre- and post-turnaround valuation considerations, as well as exit planning. The approach is illustrated by way of the Scott Paper Company turnaround. In April of 1994, Scott appointed “Chainsaw” Al Dunlap as Chairman and CEO with a mandate to turn the firm’s poor performance around. Slightly more than one year into the turnaround, Scott’s value increased from approximately $2.8 billion to approximately $9.4 billion (Kimberly-Clark’s acquisition price). We show how Scott qualified as a turnaround opportunity before Dunlap’s appointment, and how a conservative exit plan could have been formulated following his appointment. Conservative exit planning mitigates execution risk, which could manifest in a variety of ways, as we discuss. The approach presented in this article could be significant from a private equity perspective because, according to some observers, there is a scarcity of professionals skilled in turnaround analysis and management. If that observation is correct, turnaroundrelated opportunities could emerge if current economic risks manifest and corporate returns decline.
Real-Time in Situ Imaging of the Delamination of thin Ta Films on Si(100) Substrates Via a Synchrotron Radiation Technique

The thermal stress-induced delamination of 500nm polycrystalline Ta coatings on Si(100) substrates was studied via a recently developed real-time in situ imaging technique. This method used white beam synchrotron (on SSRL station 2-2) Laue transmission diffraction topography coupled with simultaneous direct radiography to record the thermomechanical failure modes of the Ta films as a function of temperature. The observations were made using a novel experimental apparatus, consisting of a 600°C hot stage and a portable CCD x-ray imaging/storage system with ~20m m resolution. The system is capable of recording 30 images/sec; hence, at moderate strain rates not only was the morphology of failure evident, but detailed study of the dynamics of delamination was also possible. The mode of failure and the adhesion strength are correlated with the physiochemical nature of the coating-substrate interface, and also with the degree of in-plane/out-of-plane texture of the Ta films. These observations should be capable of extension to the study of a variety of adhesion and cyclic failure issues in thin coatings.
Corporate Social Responsibility: A Call For Multidisciplinary Inquiry

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one of the most important and pressing issues confronting business executives these days. Despite widespread attention, there is little agreement about what constitutes CSR, or why companies should pursue social objectives, or what effects this has on firm performance. We trace the evolution of the CSR concept in various business disciplines and synopsize interrelated constructs and themes. The picture that emerges suggests a multidimensional construct worthy of multidisciplinary attention.
Sherlock Holmes and the Mystery of the Pointless Remand

On the final day of its most recent term, near the end of June 2013, the Supreme Court of the United States summarily vacated an en banc decision by the Ninth Circuit and remanded the case for further consideration in light of the Supreme Court's decision in Salinas v. Texas, 133 S.Ct. 2174 (2013). In this paper, Sherlock Holmes closely examines that remarkable decision by the Supreme Court, and explains why the ostensible reasons for the Court's order were utterly pointless, and in flagrant violation of the many self-imposed restraints which the Court had long assured the lower courts it would observe in the exercise of its power to summarily vacate and remand (or "GVR") a case. It also reveals the surprising explanation behind the Court's equally unprecedented and improbable action in taking as long as it did to GVR the case, and what those facts plainly portend for the Supreme Court's plans for the case when it inevitably returns to that Court after the en banc panel of the Ninth Circuit finishes spinning its wheels on this pointless exercise in futility.
Enhancing drought resilience with conjunctive use and managed aquifer recharge in California and Arizona

Projected longer-term droughts and intense floods underscore the need to store more water to manage climate extremes. Here we show how depleted aquifers have been used to store water by substituting surface water use for groundwater pumpage (conjunctive use, CU) or recharging groundwater with surface water (managed aquifer recharge, MAR). Unique multi-decadal monitoring from thousands of wells and regional modeling datasets for the California Central Valley and central Arizona were used to assess CU and MAR. In addition to natural reservoir capacity related to deep water tables, historical groundwater depletion further expanded aquifer storage by ~44 km3 in the Central Valley and by ~100 km3 in Arizona, similar to or exceeding current surface reservoir capacity by up to three times. Local river water and imported surface water, transported through 100s of km of canals, is substituted for groundwater (≤15 km3 yr−1, CU) or is used to recharge groundwater (MAR, ≤1.5 km3 yr−1) during wet years shifting to mostly groundwater pumpage during droughts. In the Central Valley, CU and MAR locally reversed historically declining water-level trends, which contrasts with simulated net regional groundwater depletion. In Arizona, CU and MAR also reversed historically declining groundwater level trends in active management areas. These rising trends contrast with current declining trends in irrigated areas that lack access to surface water to support CU or MAR. Use of depleted aquifers as reservoirs could expand with winter flood irrigation or capturing flood discharges to the Pacific (0–1.6 km3 yr−1, 2000–2014) with additional infrastructure in California. Because flexibility and expanded portfolio options translate to resilience, CU and MAR enhance drought resilience through multi-year storage, complementing shorter term surface reservoir storage, and facilitating water markets.
The Role of the Transfusion Medicine Consultant

Over the last 15 years, the field that was once known as blood banking has evolved into the discipline of transfusion medicine. Because of AIDS and a greater appreciation of other transfusion-transmitted diseases, attitudes toward transfusion therapy have changed significantly. Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of anemia and thrombocytopenia, as well as new tools for transfusion support have created new roles for the transfusion medicine physician. The transfusion medicine consultant has the opportunity to influence and improve transfusion safety, and contribute positively to cost containment by providing expertise as an educator, auditor of blood component usage, and providing leadership or oversight of therapeutic modalities (such as autologous transfusion, intraoperative red cell salvage, and therapeutic apheresis).
Study on Treatment of Wastewater from Capreomycin Sulfate Production

Aimed at that the wastewater from capreomycin sulfate production is characterized by high pollutants concentration and color,antibiotic residues,low biodegradability,low quantity but strong contamination,the combined neutralizing regulation/air floatation/hydrolytic acidification/UBF/SBR process was designed.After the treatment,the effluent COD,BOD5 and NH3-N are less than 300 mg/L,50 mg/L and 20 mg/L respectively,which reaches the biological pharmaceutical industry's II-class criteria specified in the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978-1996).
WANG Fu zhi's National Viewpoint Observed from His Book“Du Tonjian Lun

The book“Du Tongjian Lun"basically contains WANG Fu zhi’s national viewpoint,In general circumstances,he maintained national concord and harmony.Yet when the minority invaded the central Plains,he maintained the national supremacy and active resistance against aggression,which showed his strong sense of nation and directly influenced his viewpoint of national conflicts in history.
Automobile exhaust testing simple transient conditions of Law

The need for testing vehicle exhaust,and thus describes the status of simple transient detection method and the characteristics and advantages of the main equipment used,and thus detection of several two-speed idle,steady-state condition method,simple transient operating conditions,Transient condition method compared to simple transient conditions obtained the most practical method of law.And explore the necessity of implementing the majority of our cities,operational and profitability.
Scaphoid Plate Fixation and Volar Carpal Artery Vascularized Bone Graft for Recalcitrant Scaphoid Nonunions.

Purpose We sought to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes after treatment of symptomatic, recalcitrant scaphoid nonunions using a novel combination of volar scaphoid buttress plating with a pedicled vascularized bone graft. Methods We retrospectively followed 9 patients with recalcitrant scaphoid waist nonunions, characterized by failed prior surgery, long duration of nonunion, avascular necrosis of the proximal pole, or considerable bone loss at the nonunion site. We treated these persistent nonunions through a single volar incision with a pedicled vascularized bone graft, based on the volar carpal artery, and a 1.5-mm precontoured, scaphoid-specific, volar buttress plate. Postoperatively, we assessed objective and subjective outcomes as well as radiographs and computed tomography scans. Results The median duration of nonunion was 15 months, ranging from 6 to 96 months. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 11 to 19 months. Computed tomography scans demonstrated union in 8 of 9 cases. Complications included 1 minor hematoma that spontaneously resolved. One scaphoid failed to unite, requiring revision surgery. Three patients experienced problems with the plate. One plate was removed from a patient who noted persistent clicking, and 2 plates have caused symptomatic clicking, likely requiring future removal. Eight of nine patients reported satisfaction with the procedure, with Quick Dash scores averaging 8.2. Conclusions We present a series of recalcitrant scaphoid nonunions treated with a novel technique of volar buttress plating and vascularized bone graft. In this series, we found a high rate of union, with consistent radiographic improvement and symptomatic relief. This procedure can be performed using a single incision and with minimal donor site morbidity. Volar plating of a scaphoid nonunion comes with the risk of articular prominence, but offers a new alternative to headless screw fixation. Our early results from this series are promising and support this protocol as a viable alternative for challenging nonunions. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Characterizing the impacts of rice fading on a WiFi-based passive multistatic radar using Cramer-Ráo bound

In this paper, the performance of a WiFi-based passive multistatic radar is studied in a Rice fading (RF) environment, where the received signal from the target is composed of fixed amplitude or dominant scatterer (DS) component and weak isotropic scatterers (WIS) component. The likelihood expression of the received signal is derived and modified Cramer-Rao lower bound (MCRLB) expressions for 3D Euclidean components of target position and velocity are computed. It is shown that in presence of RF, the total modified Fisher information matrix (MFIM) is a linear combination of MFIM due to WIS and DS components. With the help of numerical examples, it is established that existence of DS component increases target radar cross section (RCS), which improves the detection and estimation accuracy. It is also shown that by exploiting DS, the performance of a waveform can be analyzed for generalized radar cross section model (GRCSM), which shows its characterization for various radar applications.
Respiratory distress and leg pain.

*Harvard Affiliated Emergency Medicine Residency, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; †Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and ;‡Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Reprint Address: David F. M. Brown, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
Conversion of 1′-deoxy-2H-ABA to2H-ABA in cell-free extracts fromCercospora rosicola

Abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in the fungusCercospora rosicola has been studied previously by feeding potential intermediates to growing cultures and examining the products. The present work describes the isolation and partial characterization of an enzyme system which catalyzes the last step in this pathway, the conversion of 1′-deoxy-2H-ABA to2H-ABA. Enzyme extracts were prepared from cold-pressed mycelia of actively growingC. rosicola in tricine buffer containing sucrose and β-mercaptoethanol. Low-speed supernatants and resuspended microsomal preparations were active in converting 1′-deoxy-2H-ABA to2H-ABA. Optimum conditions for the reactions were established at 10 μM substrate, 300 μl enzyme extract in a total volume of 1 ml. Reaction products were chromatographed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The presumptive ABA fractions were collected and the2H-ABA was measured by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with an2H-ABA standard. Most of the enzyme activity was found in the microsomal fraction. Typical reaction rates were on the order of 1.5 pmol2H-ABA formed/min/mg protein. The reaction required NADPH and was enhanced by FAD. Triarimol, a substituted pyrimidine, which inhibits ABA synthesis inC. rosicola, had no effect on the conversion of 1′-deoxy-2H-ABA to2H-ABA.
A Curious Result for GCDs and LCMs

We give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the sum of two positive integers equals the difference of their least common multiple and greatest common divisor, and then prove this result.
Development of 2kA-Class High-Tc Superconducting Current Lead

We made and practically used 350A current lead for SMES magnet, and developed the lead into a large current carrying lead. The leads were made by stacking the Bi-based silver-sheathed wires thick in a high temperature region and thin in a low temperature region to reduce the heat conduction through the silver sheath. They were fixed on a FRP by a resin to improve the mechanical properties. The overall Jc at 77K was about 5,000–6,000A/cm 2 showing that the compactness can be achieved. The heat leak was 0.14W/lead when the lead carried 500A. For a large current carrying lead, 4 units were connected in parallel to increase the current capacity. The heat leak of the large current carrying lead was 0.345–0.412W/(kA•lead) when the lead carried 2.5kA. This proves that the high-Tc current leads using the Bi-2223 silver-sheathed wire are available even for a large current carrying lead, and has low heat leak property.
Programa De Acción 2002-2010: Hacia Una Política Transversal a Favor De Las Niñas, Los Niños Y Los Adoleacentes.

Cuadernos de Desarrollo Humano es una invitacion a difundir y adquirir conocimiento en materia de politica social; deseamos que esta publicacion colabore al debate, que nos enriquezca a todos y, ademas, que nutra las acciones de politica social no solo del Gobierno Federal, sino tambien de los gobiernos estatales y municipales, del Poder Legislativo y de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil.
Influence of phase connectivity on the relationship among capillary pressure, fluid saturation, and interfacial area in two-fluid-phase porous medium systems

Multiphase flows in porous medium systems are typically modeled at the macroscale by applying the principles of continuum mechanics to develop models that describe the behavior of averaged quantities, such as fluid pressure and saturation. These models require closure relations to produce solvable forms. One of these required closure relations is an expression relating the capillary pressure to fluid saturation and, in some cases, other topological invariants such as interfacial area and the Euler characteristic (or average Gaussian curvature). The forms that are used in traditional models, which typically consider only the relationship between capillary pressure and saturation, are hysteretic. An unresolved question is whether the inclusion of additional morphological and topological measures can lead to a nonhysteretic closure relation. Relying on the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method, we develop an approach to investigate equilibrium states for a two-fluid-phase porous medium system, which includes disconnected nonwetting phase features. A set of simulations are performed within a random close pack of 1964 spheres to produce a total of 42 908 distinct equilibrium configurations. This information is evaluated using generalized additive models to quantitatively assess the degree to which functional relationships can explain the behavior of the equilibrium data. The variance of various model estimates is computed, and we conclude that, except for the limiting behavior close to a single fluid regime, capillary pressure can be expressed as a deterministic and nonhysteretic function of fluid saturation, interfacial area between the fluid phases, and the Euler characteristic. To our knowledge, this work is unique in the methods employed, the size of the data set, the resolution in space and time, the true equilibrium nature of the data, the parametrizations investigated, and the broad set of functions examined. The conclusion of essentially nonhysteretic behavior provides support for an evolving class of two-fluid-phase flow in porous medium systems models.
The role of HNF1alpha, HNF3gamma, and cyclic AMP in glucose-6-phosphatase gene activation.

The gene for glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), the key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the liver and kidney. To understand the molecular mechanisms regulating liver-specific expression of the G6Pase gene, we characterized G6Pase promoter activity by transient expression assays. The G6Pase promoter is active in HepG2 hepatoma cells, but inactive in JEG3 choriocarcinoma or 3T3 cells. DNA elements essential for optimal and liver-specific expression of the G6Pase gene were contained within nucleotides −234 to +3. Deletion analysis revealed that the G6Pase promoter contained three activation elements (AEs) at nucleotides −234 to −212 (AE-I), −146 to −125 (AE-II), and −124 to −71 (AE-III). AE-I contains binding sites for hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF) 1 and 4. Electromobility shift and cotransfection assays demonstrated that HNF1α, but not HNF4, bound to its cognate site and transactivated G6Pase gene expression. The G6Pase promoter contained five HNF3 motifs, 1 (−180/...
Board level reliability assessments of package on package

In spite of a great success of stacked package (PoP) in the market, some reliability issues about package on package (PoP) have been raised by several customers. To guarantee a high reliability in board level performances, many process and material developments are attempted. In the material developments, low silver contented solder alloys are adopted for higher board level drop performances. In OSP substrate pad finish, Sn/1.2Ag/0.5Cu/0.05Ni solder is applied and in Ni/Au substrate pad finish, Sn/1.0Ag/0.5Cu solder is adopted for higher reliabilities. 2nd level underfill is also adopted for higher drop performances but in this case, board level temperature cycle performance is deteriorated. To accomplish of higher board level performances both in temperature cycle and drop test, higher Tg & low CTE underfill materials are developed In the process developments, stacking materials and processes are developed. Board level reliabilities of pre- stacking & SMT stacking process is evaluated and paste and flux materials for top package stacking process are also evaluated. This paper discusses about board level reliabilities in temperature cycle and drop tests with various material and process combinations - especially, solder alloys, substrate pad finish, 2nd level underfill, stacking method and stacking materials.
Creativity of third graders’ leadership cartoons: Comparison of mood-enhanced to neutral conditions

Abstract Research on mood related to subsequent creativity is sparse for samples of children. The current study was conducted to determine the effects of positive mood induction through upbeat music and simulated laughter on creativity. Fourteen gifted third grade students (9 female, 5 male; 10 White, 3 African American, 1 Native American; aged 8–9 years) from a low-socio-economic urban public school in the Midwest participated in the repeated-measures study with two trials in the control and two trials in the experimental conditions. Each lesson began with wordplay work in making a layout of word cards, definition cards, and objects to show homophone or words with multiple meanings concepts. Students analyzed humorous cartoons related to leadership that the researchers had made. Finally, students used paper images and wrote in speech bubbles to create their own leadership cartoons. During the experimental condition, two mood-lifting activities were added: students listened to a couple of minutes of upbeat instrumental music as they gathered for the class and later, before cartoon production occurred, they participated in simulated laughter for thirty seconds. Results showed that cartoons produced during the experimental condition contained more humor, were more original, and had greater fluency of speech or thought bubbles with very large, large, and medium effect sizes respectively. Greater creativity is attributed to positive mood allowing more working memory for complex synthesis of ideas, recognition of more diverse ideas, and a safe environment for taking creative risks.
Energy Harvesting: Breakthrough Technologies Through Polymer Composites

Polymer composites have been extensively studied in the last few years toward application in solar-, thermoelectric-, and vibration-based energy harvesting technologies. Of late, polymer nanocomposites are being investigated successfully in hybrid organic–inorganic devices, in bulk heterojunction devices incorporating all flavors of solar cells, and through the perovskite structures. In the thermoelectric power generation arena, abundance of raw materials, lack of toxicity, and the feasibility for large-area applications are all advantages that polymer nanocomposites boast over their inorganic predecessors. Within the vibration-based energy systems, polymer nanocomposites are being used as the magnets within the harvester devices; they offer low rigidity and easy processing (spin coating, drop casting, and molding). Also, recent work has focused on utilizing polymer ceramic nanocomposites as electrostatic energy storage materials. Lastly, polymer-based piezoelectric materials can be used directly as an active material in different transduction applications.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SHORT AND LONG SLEEP DURATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Background: Short sleep duration has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality. It has been hypothesized that short sleep duration may be linked to changes in ghrelin/leptin production leading to alteration of stress hormone production. Here, we conducted
DATm: diderot's automated testing model

Diderot is a parallel domain-specific language for the analysis and visualization of multidimensional scientific images, such as those produced by CT and MRI scanners [6], [14], [5]. Diderot is designed to support algorithms that are based on differential tensor calculus and produces a higher-order mathematical model which allows direct manipulation of tensor fields. One of the main challenges of the Diderot implementation is bridging this semantic gap by effectively translating high-level mathematical notation of tensor calculus into efficient low-level code in the target language.A key question for a high-level language, such as Diderot, is how do we know that the implementation is correct. We have previously presented and defended a core set of rewriting rules, but the full translation from source to executable requires much more work. In this paper, we present DATm, Diderot's automated testing model to check the correctness of the core operations in the programming language. DATm can automatically create test programs, and predict what the outcome should be. We measure the accuracy of the computations written in the Diderot language, based on how accurately the output of the program represents the mathematical equivalent of the computations.This paper describes a model for testing a high-level language based on correctness. It introduces the pipeline for DATm, a tool that can automatically create and test tens of thousands of Diderot test programs and that has found numerous bugs. We make a case for the necessity of extensive testing by describing bugs that are deep in the compiler, and only could be found with a unique application of operations. Lastly, we demonstrate that the model can be used to create other types of tests by visual verification.
Applying a Social-Ecological Framework to Factors Related to Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Adolescent Smoking Cessation.

Objective:This systematic review synthesizes factors related to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use among adolescents seeking to quit smoking, using the social–ecological model as a guiding fram...
Bridging Health Disparity Gaps through the Use of Medical Legal Partnerships in Patient Care: A Systematic Review.

Over the past two decades, we have seen an increase in the use of medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) in health-care and/or legal settings to address health disparities affecting vulnerable populations. MLPs increase medical teams' capacity to address social and environmental threats to patients' health, such as unsafe housing conditions, through partnership with legal professionals. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we systematically reviewed observational studies published from January 1993-January 2016 to investigate the capacity of MLPs to address legal and health disparities. We identified 13 articles for qualitative analysis from an initial pool of 355 records. The resulting pool of 13 articles revealed more information regarding the capacity of MLPs to address legal outcomes than their capacity to address health outcomes; only 4 studies directly addressed the impact of MLP intervention on patient wellbeing and/or patient utilization of healthc...
Insights on the Role of Many-Body Polarization Effects in the Wetting of Graphitic Surfaces by Water

It is well-known that atoms in a substrate placed in contact with a polar solvent like water experience a finite electric field from the solvent molecules. Nevertheless, the effect of this electric field on the wetting properties of the substrate remains unknown. In this study, by carrying out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with force field parameters derived from ab initio simulations, we develop a theoretical framework to quantify the role of the polarization of graphene in the wetting of graphitic surfaces by water. Our study shows that a self-consistent modeling of the polarization of graphene yields a water contact angle on graphite that is remarkably different from the contact angle that results if the polarization energy is instead modeled implicitly using a Lennard-Jones potential, a typical approximation used in all previous MD simulation studies on the wetting of graphitic surfaces. Our findings reveal that polarization has a more pronounced effect on the interfacial entropy of water compar...
An analytical method to calculate winding resistance for planar coil with ferrite plate and litz wire in inductive power transfer

Planar coils with litz wires are used a lot in inductive power transfer for electric vehicles. When the litz wire is properly selected for the coil, the winding resistance is composed of DC resistance and proximity-effect resistance. The calculation of DC resistance is simple, using the cross-sectional area and the length of the wire, but the calculation of proximity-effect resistance is complicated, in which the magnetic fields across the turns of the winding are essential. When the ferrite plate is added to the planar coil in inductive power transfer to improve the quality factor and the coupling coefficient, the analytical derivation of the magnetic fields is even more complicated. In this paper, the method of image is applied to obtain the magnetic fields across the winding turns of the planar coil with ferrite plate. The ferrite plate is replaced by mirror turns, and the magnetic fields are calculated with Ampere's Law and Biot-Savart Law. In order to verify the accuracy of this method, an exemplary planar coil with litz wire and ferrite plate was fabricated and its resistance was measured. The difference between the calculated resistance and measured resistance is less than 10%.
234 nm and 246 nm AlN-Delta-GaN quantum well deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

Deep ultraviolet (DUV) AlN-delta-GaN quantum well (QW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with emission wavelengths of 234 nm and 246 nm are proposed and demonstrated in this work. Our results reveal that the use of AlN-delta-GaN QW with ∼1–3 monolayer GaN delta-layer can achieve a large transverse electric (TE)-polarized spontaneous emission rate instead of transverse magnetic-polarized emission, contrary to what is observed in conventional AlGaN QW in the 230–250 nm wavelength regime. The switching of light polarization in the proposed AlN-delta-GaN QW active region is attributed to the rearrangement of the valence subbands near the Γ-point. The light radiation patterns obtained from angle-dependent electroluminescence measurements for the Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)-grown 234 nm and 246 nm AlN-delta-GaN QW LEDs show that the photons are mainly emitted towards the surface rather than the edge, consistent with the simulated patterns achieved by the finite-difference time-domain modeling. The results demonstra...
How to Understand Promotion Criteria for “Clinician Educator” and “Teaching” Tracks

Clinical educators enhance the missions of academic institutions by providing excellence in clinical care, teaching, and administrative leadership. Advancement in an academic setting requires scholarship; successful clinical educators develop a body of scholarly work to share with others via peer-reviewed journals, presenting seminars or lectures, conducting workshops at professional meetings, or public speaking in community settings. While this scholarship is similar to what is found in other academic faculty lines, the role of a clinical educator differs from tenure line faculty which can make it difficult to understand the criteria necessary for promotion. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to provide a framework for understanding the clinical educator promotion criteria and offers suggestions for those preparing for promotion.
The risks and dangers of relying on blockchain technology in underdeveloped countries

As a foundational technology, blockchains have demonstrated their ability to remove middlemen and streamline ledger-based transactions in everything from cryptocurrencies (e.g. Bitcoin) to centralized voting. In many underdeveloped countries, blockchain-based technologies provide opportunities for transparent transactions between parties, reducing corruption and facilitating trust. Much research on blockchains to date has focused on its virtues, but far less attention has been paid to its inherent risks and dangers. In this paper, we examine the risks and dangers of relying on blockchains in underdeveloped countries. Despite its many promises, blockchain technologies face significant hurdles for adoption in underdeveloped countries; in this paper, we explore eight these risks and dangers.
Caregiving Status and Health of Heterosexual, Sexual Minority, and Transgender Adults: Results From Select U.S. Regions in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2015 and 2016.

Background and objectives Insufficient research attention has been paid to the diversity of informal caregivers, including sexual and gender minority caregivers. This study examined health effects of caregiving separately from sexual orientation or gender identity status, while stratifying by gender among cisgender adults. We hypothesized that compared with heterosexual cisgender noncaregivers, heterosexual caregivers and lesbian/gay/bisexual (LGB), and transgender (T) noncaregivers would report poorer health outcomes (i.e., self-reported health, and poor mental health days and poor physical health days), and LGBT caregivers would report the worst health outcomes. Research design and methods This is a secondary data analysis of the 2015 and 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 19 U.S. states. Results After adjusting for covariates and stratifying by gender among the cisgender sample, heterosexual caregivers, LGB noncaregivers and LGB caregivers had significantly higher odds of self-reported fair or poor health (adjusted odds ratios [aORs] 1.3-2.0 for women and 1.2 for men), poor physical health days (aORs 1.2-2.8 for women and 1.3-2.8 for men), and poor mental health days (aORs 1.4-4.7 for women and 1.5-5.6 for men) compared with heterosexual noncaregivers (reference group). By contrast, transgender caregivers did not have significantly poorer health than cisgender noncaregivers. Discussion and implications LGB caregivers reported the worst health compared with other groups on multiple measures, signifying they are an at-risk population. These results suggest the necessity to develop LGB appropriate services and programs to prevent poor health in LGB caregivers. Existing policies should also be inclusive of LGBT individuals who are caregivers.
Optical Zero Touch Networking — A Large Operator Perspective

A key area of innovation in optical networking has been enabling modern, vendor-agnostic APIs on devices. We provide specifics of how these new capabilities enable deployment and operational efficiencies.
Validity of the Statistical Equilibrium Hypothesis for Channeling

Previous Monte Carlo calculations of large numbers of trajectories in crystals have given a minimum yield for axial channeling about three times larger than that calculated analytically from the assumption of statistical equilibrium. Experimental measurements are in good agreement with the Monte Carlo results. The Monte Carlo calculations also showed a depth dependence of the minimum yield with two very distinct peaks below the surface peak, the deeper of the two being the more prominent. Some limited studies of the source of difference between the two methods of calculation showed that trajectories whose closest approach to the rows was about one or two times the thermal vibration amplitude were making a much larger contribution in the Monte Carlo calculations than in the analytical ones.
Cue-dependent effects of VR experience on motion-in-depth sensitivity

The visual system exploits multiple signals, including monocular and binocular cues, to determine the motion of objects through depth. In the laboratory, sensitivity to different three-dimensional (3D) motion cues varies across observers and is often weak for binocular cues. However, laboratory assessments may reflect factors beyond inherent perceptual sensitivity. For example, the appearance of weak binocular sensitivity may relate to extensive prior experience with two-dimensional (2D) displays in which binocular cues are not informative. Here we evaluated the impact of experience on motion-in-depth (MID) sensitivity in a virtual reality (VR) environment. We tested a large cohort of observers who reported having no prior VR experience and found that binocular cue sensitivity was substantially weaker than monocular cue sensitivity. As expected, sensitivity was greater when monocular and binocular cues were presented together than in isolation. Surprisingly, the addition of motion parallax signals appeared to cause observers to rely almost exclusively on monocular cues. As observers gained experience in the VR task, sensitivity to monocular and binocular cues increased. Notably, most observers were unable to distinguish the direction of MID based on binocular cues above chance level when tested early in the experiment, whereas most showed statistically significant sensitivity to binocular cues when tested late in the experiment. This result suggests that observers may discount binocular cues when they are first encountered in a VR environment. Laboratory assessments may thus underestimate the sensitivity of inexperienced observers to MID, especially for binocular cues.
The contribution of the quantum vacuum to the cosmological constant is zero: proof that vacuum energy does not gravitate

The consensus among many theoretical physicists is that the calculated contribution of the quantum vacuum to the total energy density of the universe is approximately $10^{121}$ times the observed energy density. This is thought to be one of the worst theoretical predictions of all time. However, as shown here, this immense vacuum energy cannot in and of itself exert forces on normal matter. As a result the huge vacuum energy density predicted by quantum field theory does not contribute to the ordinary energy density of the universe, is not a source for gravitational fields, and, as a result, does not contribute to the value of the cosmological constant.
Influence of minibasin obstruction on canopy dynamics in the northern Gulf of Mexico

In salt-detached gravity-gliding/spreading systems the detachment geometry is a key control on the downslope mobility of the supra-salt sequence. Here we used regional 3D seismic data to examine a salt-stock canopy in the northern Gulf of Mexico slope, in an area where supra-canopy minibasins subsided vertically and translated downslope above a complex base-of-salt. If thick enough, minibasins can interact with, and weld to, the base-of-salt and be obstructed from translating downslope. Based on the regional maps of the base of allochthonous salt and the base of the supra-canopy sequence, the key controls on minibasin obstruction, we distinguished two structural domains in the study area: a highly obstructed domain and a highly mobile domain. Large-scale translation of the supra-canopy sequence is recorded in the mobile domain by a far-travelled minibasin and a ramp syncline basin. These two structures suggest downslope translation on the order of 40 km from Plio-Pleistocene to Present. In contrast, translation was impeded in the obstructed domain due to supra-canopy bucket minibasins subsiding into feeders during the Pleistocene. As a result, we infer that differential translation occurred between the two domains and argue that a deformation area between two differentially translating supra-canopy minibasin domains is difficult to recognize. However, characterizing domains according to base-of-salt geometry and supra-canopy minibasin configuration can be helpful in identifying domains that may share similar subsidence and downslope translation histories.
Relationship of socio-demographics, comorbidities, symptoms and healthcare access with early COVID-19 presentation and disease severity.

COVID-19 studies are primarily from the inpatient setting, skewing towards severe disease. Race and comorbidities predict hospitalization, however, ambulatory presentation of milder COVID-19 disease and characteristics associated with progression to severe disease is not well-understood. We conducted a retrospective chart review including all COVID-19 positive cases from Stanford Health Care (SHC) in March 2020 to assess demographics, comorbidities and symptoms in relationship to: 1) their access point of testing (outpatient, inpatient, and emergency room (ER)) and 2) development of severe disease. Two hundred fifty-seven patients tested positive: 127 (49%), 96 (37%), and 34 (13%) at outpatient, ER and inpatient, respectively. Overall, 61% were age 75 was rarer in outpatient setting (11%) than ER (14%) or inpatient (24%). Most patients presented with cough (86%), fever/chills (76%), or fatigue (63%). 65% of inpatients reported shortness of breath compared to 30–32% of outpatients and ER patients. Ethnic/minority patients had a significantly higher risk of developing severe disease (Asian OR = 4.8 [1.6–14.2], Hispanic OR = 3.6 [1.1–11.9]). Medicare-insured patients were marginally more likely (OR = 4.0 [0.9–17.8]). Other factors associated with developing severe disease included kidney disease (OR = 6.1 [1.0–38.1]), cardiovascular disease (OR = 4.7 [1.0–22.1], shortness of breath (OR = 5.4 [2.3–12.6]) and GI symptoms (OR = 3.3 [1.4–7.7]; hypertension without concomitant CVD or kidney disease was marginally significant (OR = 2.3 [0.8–6.5]). Early widespread symptomatic testing for COVID-19 in Silicon Valley included many less severely ill patients. Thorough manual review of symptomatology reconfirms the heterogeneity of COVID-19 symptoms, and challenges in using clinical characteristics to predict decline. We re-demonstrate that socio-demographics are consistently associated with severity.
Vasubandhu, reactive attitudes, and attentional freedom

This article aims to draw attention to the way in which a subset of reactive attitudes make us less free. Vasubandhu’s explanation of reactive attitudes (kleśas) shows us how they make us less free...
Departures from the smallholding: agricultural grievance and political change in Thailand, 2013–2014

Recent scholarship observes that smallholder agricultural practices in East and South East Asia continue to persist, despite modernization theories predicting otherwise. This article contributes to...
Generative or Exclusionary? How Ecosystems Evolve with Coordination and Standardization

The literature typically depicts ecosystem evolution as “generative”, with coordination fueling growth in complements and complementors. We suggest that it could instead be “exclusionary”, where co...
The transcription factor ELT-2 positively and negatively impacts direct target genes to modulate the Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal transcriptome

The transcription factor ELT-2 is the major factor required for Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal development. ELT-2 expression initiates in embryos, promoting development, but persists after hatching through larval and adult stages, where it contributes to diverse intestinal functions. How ELT-2s regulatory role changes over development is largely unexplored. We sought to determine whether ELT-2 target gene preference changes over developmental time and whether those changes underlie transcriptome dynamics. We analyzed stage-specific ELT-2 ChIP-seq assays to identify sets of dynamically changing ELT-2 peaks. Embryo-specific and larval-specific ELT-2 peaks were less common than peaks that accumulated in the L3 stage or progressively throughout development. To assess how ELT-2 occupancy related to transcriptional output, we compared patterns of ELT-2 occupancy over developmental time to intestinal expression dynamics and sets of ELT-2-dependent genes. ELT-2 occupancy predicted gene expression changes at larval but not embryonic stages, suggesting that ELT-2 promotes transcriptional output in some cases. However, we also found that ELT-2 negatively regulated a subset of its direct target genes. Repressed target genes were over-represented for neuronal and gonad functions, signifying that ELT-2 may protect the intestine from these tissue fates. Furthermore, we observed that ELT-2 repressed its own promoter in a negative feedback loop to stabilize the elt-2 genes expression to a set amount. These findings illustrate that ELT-2 exerts both positive and negative regulatory control - turning on some target genes to promote intestinal function while down-regulating others to prevent or reduce their transcriptional output.
A case of VEXAS syndrome associated with EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Abstract Vacuoles, E1, X-linked, autoimmunity, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome is characterized by a pathogenic mutation in UBA1, which leads to protean complications including autoimmunity and myelodysplasia. A 56-year-old man with steroid-dependent, later steroid-refractory cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and Sweet syndrome developed recurrent daily fever, macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute hypoxic respiratory failure, and anasarca. He was eventually diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). He improved clinically with rituximab, ruxolitinib, and increased glucocorticoids before expiring from Pseudomonas sepsis. UBA1 exon 3 mutational analysis in myeloid enriched peripheral blood revealed a c.122T>C (p.Met41Thr) pathogenic variant, consistent with VEXAS syndrome. We describe the first case of EBV-associated HLH in a patient diagnosed with VEXAS syndrome. Early identification of this syndrome will be important in order to offer potential therapies before life-threatening complications arise.
Childhood psychological maltreatment subtypes and adolescent depressive symptoms

The aim of this study was to understand how subtypes and the timing of psychological maltreatment contribute to adolescent depressive symptoms at age 14. The sample included 638 youth from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). At age 12, youth reported experiences of psychological maltreatment (degradation, isolating, and terrorizing), physical abuse (endangerment and physical injury), and sexual abuse that occurred before and during elementary school/last year. Multivariable regression models were conducted separately for females and males at each of the two time periods and accounted for demographics, primary caregiver depressive symptoms, other maltreatment subtypes, and youth-reported age 12 depressive symptoms. For girls, caregiver degradation was the only maltreatment subtype that contributed unique variance to depressive symptoms. Degradation before elementary school and chronic degradation had a stronger impact on depression symptoms. Only caregiver isolating behaviors during elementary school/last year and chronic isolation predicted depressive symptoms in boys. These results suggest that childhood psychological maltreatment is multi-dimensional and is implicated in the etiology of adolescent depressive symptoms. Future prevention efforts should consider parental psychological maltreatment in reducing risk for adolescent depression.
Passive Mechanical Properties of the Chest Wall

The sections in this article are: 1 Arrangement of Chest Wall Surfaces 2 Models of Chest Wall Configuration 2.1 Degrees of Freedom 2.2 Configuration in Relaxed States 3 Pressures Applied to Chest Wall Surfaces 4 Elastic Characteristics of Chest Wall Structures 4.1 Pressure- Volume Relationships 4.2 Elastic Characteristics of the Abdominal Wall 4.3 Elastic Characteristics of the Diaphragm 4.4 Intrinsic Elastic Behavior of the Rib Cage 4.5 Properties Dependent on Time and Strain History 5 Conclusions