cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic treatment of the adult respiratory distress syndrome.

SUMMARY Adult respiratory distress syndrome is an inflammatory disorder of the lung parenchyma that results in severe respiratory failure. It is associated with sepsis syndrome and multiple organ failure and may be mediated by a variety of substances, several of which have been discussed in this article. Because sepsis syndrome, ARDS, and multiple organ failure are associated with a high mortality rate that has not been reduced significantly by supportive treatment, a rationale exists for therapeutic intervention with agents that affect the inflammatory cascade. Several of these agents, notably corticosteroids and prostaglandin E1, have been shown to be of no benefit in humans despite laboratory and animal studies suggesting their utility. Other agents, including surfactant, antiendotoxin antibodies, and NSAIDs, are undergoing clinical trials and may prove to be. effective. A third group, including anti-TNF antibodies and pentoxifylline, are of theoretical benefit but await clinical trials.
Architecture and Dwelling

Heidegger’s analyses of technology and dwelling in the earth are brought to bear on the architectural works of John Lautner and Paolo Soleri. Lautner’s works are represented as an aesthetic response to the problem of disenchantment and alienation from nature. Soleri’s Arcosanti is discussed as a way to use modern technology to create an ecologically self-sustaining habitat. Glenn Murcutt’s works are interpreted in light of Heidegger’s later work, in which he discusses the relationship of the fourfold of earth, sky, mortals, and gods. Murcutt’s use of modern technology to “touch the earth lightly” is upheld as an example of architectural practice that consciously maintains itself within the fourfold.
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Mechanisms of Long QT Syndrome

Molecular genetic studies have linked gene mutations to several inherited cardiovascular diseases, the prototypic example being ion channelopathies causing delayed cardiac repolarization. Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome characterized by prolonged QT interval, and an increased risk of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death. The identification and in-depth scientific study of gene mutations associated with this syndrome have enabled novel insights into the mechanisms of the cardiac action potential and cardiac arrhythmias. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of LQTS as well as the mechanisms responsible for this disorder.
Postoperative or delayed tethering in repaired myelomeningocele patients

Fifty-four patients ages 19 months to 17 years with prior repair of meningocele or myelomeningocele presented with delayed signs and symptoms of recurrent tethering. All were evaluated with MRI of the spine to delineate areas of suspected tethering due to scar tissue formation.
Ionic Liquid Product Design

Abstract Ionic liquids are chemicals that are nonvolatile in nature and hence can be good candidates for replacement of volatile organic compounds in many industrial applications. A large number of ionic liquids, through the combination of different cations and anions, can potentially be synthesized. Further, through addition of carefully selected chemical groups, one can develop functionalized ionic liquids that possess properties for task-specific applications. In this context, it will be useful to intelligently design customized ionic liquids through computer-aided methods. Towards this end, we present recent developments on computer-aided ionic liquid design (CAILD), which integrates structure-based property prediction models and optimization methods. Any successful attempt to design new ionic liquid fluids for industrial applications requires the ability to accurately predict their solution thermodynamics. We present a new group contribution approach to predict electronic structure and volumes of ionic liquids. This, when combined with COSMO-SAC model, provides a platform to predict activity coefficients of mixtures involving ionic liquids. Case study results related to design of ionic liquids for polymer dissolution and heat transfer applications show the utility of the CAILD platform in designing novel ionic liquid products.
Additional records of Coleoptera collected at the Nevada -Test Site, Mercury, Nevada

Thirty - nine species of Coleoptera not previously reported for the Nevada Test Site are listed.
Genetically engineered crops and responsible innovation

ABSTRACTThe current debate over genetically engineered (GE) crops is framed as an evaluation of GE crops as a class. This paper is an attempt to reframe the debate by focusing on the question of what responsible research and innovation (RRI) in agricultural biotechnology would look like. With regard to the ethics of agricultural technology, the most important question that we should be asking is not whether a technology is GE, but whether it is responsibly designed. I discuss a report by the European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies to the European Commission in order to propose guidelines for RRI in agricultural technology, and I illustrate the possibility of RRI in agricultural biotechnology by discussing a public–private partnership, the Water Efficient Maize for Africa Project. I conclude by examining the implications of this argument for debates over the ethics of agricultural technologies more generally.
Apprehension or motivation to defend attitudes? Exploring the underlying threat mechanism in inoculation-induced resistance to persuasion

ABSTRACTThis study questions the traditional conceptualization of the threat component of inoculation and compares it to an alternative operationalization that was hypothesized to better capture the psychological function of threat according to inoculation theory, focusing less on an apprehensive response in favor of how inoculation treatments cognitively function to motivate resistance. Two measures of threat were contrasted by examining resistance to 9/11 Truth conspiracy propaganda. The results revealed motivational threat was conceptually distinct from the traditional threat measure, better predicted by inoculation treatments, less related to fear, more predictive of resistance to attitude change, and more supportive of inoculation theory when mediating the relationship between inoculation and resistance.
Fertility Transition: Latin America and the Caribbean

In the second half of the twentieth century Latin America and the Caribbean experienced a remarkable demographic transformation, with fertility declining from more than six children per woman in 1950 to less than three children per woman by the year 2000. Analysis of the proximate determinants of fertility shows that the bulk of the fertility decline can be attributed to increases in contraceptive use, with changes in nuptiality and breastfeeding making only modest contributions. Several features of the transition suggest that the process represents more an innovation than adaptation to economic conditions. The region underwent a process of modernization, but compositional changes explain only a modest part of the decline, which was driven largely by changes within social strata. From the 1960s onward evidence emerged of preferences for small families in high fertility regimes where contraception was not practiced, revealing the so-called ‘KAP gap.’ The introduction of private and public family planning programs facilitated the transition by increasing the acceptability and availability of contraception. The final ingredient was social contagion, with friends and relatives—and to some extent the mass media—playing a key role in the diffusion of new ideas and forms of behavior.
Stability of M3S3 complexes on fcc M(111) surfaces: M = Au, Ag, Cu, and Ni

Abstract Density Functional Theory is utilized to assess the stability of metal (M)–sulfur (S) complexes adsorbed on fcc M(111) surfaces, specifically considering S-decorated planar M trimers, M3S3. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy studies have identified structures proposed to be Ni3S3 on Ni(111), and Au3S3 on Au(111). Also, Cu3S3 on Cu(111) has been suggested to facilitate enhanced Cu surface mass transport. Our analysis considers M3S3 complexes for M = Au, Ag, Cu, and Ni, assessing key measures of stability on surfaces, and also comparing behavior with trends in gas-phase stability. These surface and gas-phase analyses are systematically related within the framework of Hess’s law, which allows elucidation of various contributions to the overall energetics. In all cases, the adsorbed complex is stable relative to its separated constituents adsorbed on the terrace. However, only for Ag does one find a negative energy of formation from excess S on terraces and M extracted from kink sites along step edges, implying spontaneous complex formation for this pathway. We interpret various experimental observations in the context of our results for energetics.
Caregiver Daily Experiences Associated with Child Asthma Symptoms.

Objective In this study, we used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) delivered via smart- phones to determine how the daily experiences (comfort in neighborhood, ability to manage child's asthma, positive/negative affect) of 59 caregivers (90% African-American/black) living in an urban setting are associated with asthma symptoms in children ages 7-12 years (M = 9.56 years). Methods Caregivers and their children with asthma completed a baseline research ses- sion, followed by 14 days of EMA surveys completed on smartphones. EMA enables researchers to examine within-person processes while preserving the ecological validity of the data and re- ducing retrospective recall bias. Results On days when caregivers reported more child asthma symptoms, they also reported feeling less comfortable in their neighborhoods and less able to control their child's asthma at home. Baseline reports of caregiver quality of life were also associ- ated with child asthma symptoms. Conclusions Findings highlight the need for researchers and clinicians to recognize that both asthma (ie, ability to control asthma) and non-asthma related factors (ie, factors related to neighborhoods) may be associated with caregivers' perceptions of their children's asthma symptoms. Perceptions of child symptoms have important consequences for daily asthma care, including decisions related to healthcare utilization.
Family Socioeconomic Status at Birth and Youth Impulsivity at Age 15; Blacks' Diminished Return.

Minorities’ Diminished Return theory suggests that health effects of socioeconomic status (SES) are systemically smaller for racial and ethnic minorities compared to Whites. To test the relevance of Minorities’ Diminished Return theory for youth impulsivity, we investigated Black–White differences in the effects of family SES at birth on subsequent youth impulsivity at age 15. Data came from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), 1998–2016, a 15-year longitudinal study of urban families from the birth of their children to age 15. This analysis included 1931 families who were either White (n = 495) or Black (n = 1436). The independent variables of this study were family income, maternal education, and family structure at birth. Youth impulsivity at age 15 was the dependent variable. Gender was the covariate and race was the focal moderator. We ran linear regressions in the overall sample and specific to each race. In the overall sample, higher household income (b = −0.01, 95% CI = −0.01 to 0.00) and maternal education (b = −0.24, 95% CI = −0.44 to −0.04) at birth were associated with lower youth impulsivity at age 15, independent of race, gender, and family structure. A significant interaction was found between race and household income at birth (b = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.02) on subsequent youth impulsivity, which was indicative of a stronger protective effect for Whites compared to Blacks. Blacks’ diminished return exists for the long-term protective effects of family income at birth against subsequent youth impulsivity. The relative disadvantage of Blacks in comparison to Whites is in line with a growing literature showing that Black families gain less from high SES, which is possibly due to the existing structural racism in the US.
Spectrum of Neandertal introgression across modern-day humans indicates multiple episodes of human-Neandertal interbreeding

Neandertals and anatomically modern humans overlapped geographically for a period of over 30,000 years following human migration out of Africa. During this period, Neandertals and humans interbred, as evidenced by Neandertal portions of the genome carried by non-African individuals today. A key observation is that the proportion of Neandertal ancestry is ∼12% higher in East Asian individuals relative to European individuals. Here, we explore various demographic models that could explain this observation. These include distinguishing between a single admixture event and multiple Neandertal contributions to either population, and the hypothesis that reduced Neandertal ancestry in modern Euro- peans resulted from more recent admixture with a ghost population that lacked a Neandertal ancestry component (the "dilution" hypothesis). In order to summarize the asymmetric pattern of Neandertal allele frequencies, we compile the joint fragment frequency spectrum (FFS) of European and East Asian Neandertal fragments and compare it to both analytical theory and data simulated under various models of admixture. Using maximum likelihood and machine learning, we found that a simple model of a single admixture does not fit the empirical data, and instead favor a model of multiple episodes of gene flow into both European and East Asian populations. These findings indicate more long-term, complex interaction between humans and Neandertals than previously appreciated.
User interface software

Animation User Interfaces for Software Development Environments Evaluating Groupware Software Architectures for User Interfaces Groupware Demonstrational Specification Evaluation of User Interfaces Virtual Reality Multi Media Future of HCI.
Future clinical prospects for entry inhibitors

Some of the earliest attempts to develop HIV therapies involved agents intended to block viral entry into host cells, but only very recently and only once (with the FDA approval of a membrane fusion inhibitor, enfuvirtide, in 2003) has this strategic approach resulted in a commercially available agent. Indeed, for more than 15 years, from 1987 to 2003, all available antiretroviral therapies targeted one of two HW-encoded enzymes, reverse transcriptase (RT) or protease, which are critical components of later steps in the viral life cycle. Increasingly convenient combinations of RT and protease inhibitors (PI) have proven capable of potently suppressing viral replication and have dramatically improved the outlook for many HIV-infected patients. However, the sustained success of these enzyme inhibitors has been limited somewhat by selection for drug-resistant viral isolates, the necessity of strict dosing adherence, and the potential for toxicity. Thus, there remains a critical need for development of new therapeutic classes involving mechanisms of action distinctly different from RT and PI drugs. There is preliminary evidence demonstrating that viral entry inhibitors have potential to be safe and effective additions to the HIV armamentarium, and this class would be expected to have a low risk of cross-resistance with conventional antiretroviral drugs.
Mitigation of Timing Skew

In this chapter, sources of timing skew are discussed, and it is shown that the resulting timing skew is detrimental for ADCs with high-speed input signals. A statistics-based background calibration algorithm which mitigates the effect of timing skew is then presented with analysis on the various aspects of the algorithm. The chapter concludes with some of the requirements on the input signal such that the algorithm functions properly.
Wnt-independent beta-catenin transactivation in tumor development

Accumulation of beta-catenin, which leads to enhanced TCF/LEF-1 driven transcription and thereby contributes to tumor development, can result from mutation of beta-catenin itself, inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, or Wnt pathway inhibition of the GSK-3beta kinase that together with APC promotes beta-catenin degradation. Nevertheless, emerging evidence shows that the activation of beta-catenin can occur independently of Wnt signaling to GSK-3beta. In response to EGF, tumor cells overexpressing EGF receptor display GSK-3beta-independent activation of beta-catenin, which may result from a combination of effects-EGF-stimulated, caveolin-1-dependent internalization of E-cadherin, resulting in release of beta-catenin from cell-cell contacts, and EGF-induced downregulation of caveolin-1, relieving the inhibition of signaling molecules sequestered by caveolin-1 at caveolae.
Introduction to Aalen (1978) Nonparametric Inference for a Family of Counting Processes

Odd Olaf Aalen was born in 1947 in Oslo, Norway, and he grew up there. He completed a Masters degree thesis at the University of Oslo in 1972 under the guidance of Jan Hoem. This thesis developed some methods for estimating the efficacy and risks involved in the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs). Hoem had suggested that time-continuous Markov chains might be useful for modeling the progression of events experienced by a woman following the insertion of an IUD, as this was a model that Hoem had found useful in other contexts. The need to fit such models non-parametrically started Aalen thinking about the approach that he was to develop fully in his ground-breaking 1978 paper that is reprinted here.
Variational Theory of Nonrelativistic Quantum Electrodynamics

The ability to achieve ultrastrong coupling between light and matter promises to bring about new means to control material properties, new concepts for manipulating light at the atomic scale, and new insights into quantum electrodynamics (QED). Thus, there is a need to develop quantitative theories of QED phenomena in complex electronic and photonic systems. In this Letter, we develop a variational theory of general non-relativistic QED systems of coupled light and matter. Essential to our Ansatz is the notion of an effective photonic vacuum whose modes are different than the modes in the absence of light-matter coupling. This variational formulation leads to a set of general equations that can describe the ground state of multielectron systems coupled to many photonic modes in real space. As a first step toward a new ab initio approach to ground and excited state energies in QED, we apply our Ansatz to describe a multilevel emitter coupled to many optical modes, a system with no analytical solution. We find a compact semianalytical formula which describes ground and excited state energies very well in all regimes of coupling parameters allowed by sum rules. Our formulation provides a nonperturbative theory of Lamb shifts and Casimir-Polder forces, as well as suggest new physical concepts such as the Casimir energy of a single atom in a cavity. Our method thus give rise to highly accurate nonperturbative descriptions of many other phenomena in general QED systems.
Capillary Flow in Open Microgrooves: Bifurcations and Networks

Open capillary flows are increasingly used in biotechnology, biology, thermics, and space science. So far, the dynamics of capillary flows has been studied mostly for confined channels. However, the theory of open microfluidics has considerably progressed during the last years, and an expression for the travel distance has been derived, generalizing the well-known theory of Lucas, Washburn, and Rideal. This generalization is based on the use of the average friction length and generalized Cassie angle. In this work, we successively study the spontaneous capillary flow in uniform cross section open rounded U-grooves-for which methods to determine the friction lengths are proposed-the flow behavior at a bifurcation, and finally flow in a simple-loop network. We show that after a bifurcation, the Lucas-Washburn-Rideal law needs to be adapted and the relation between the travel distance and time is more complicated than the square root of time dependency.
A stochastic comparison result for the multitype contact process with unequal death rates

Abstract A stochastic comparison result that makes progress towards understanding the classical multitype contact process with unequal death rates is given. It has long been conjectured that the particle type with the largest birth to death rate ratio survives and the other dies out. A point process coupling result of Broman (2007) is used to give a sufficient condition for when the dominant particle type survives.
Trends in Hospitalization vs Observation Stay for Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions.

This study of Medicare-defined avoidable hospital stays for conditions such as urinary tract infection and complications of diabetes uses Medicare Fee-for-Service Inpatient and Outpatient Claim Files to investigate whether a decrease in inpatient admissions from 2011 to 2015 represented real gains in ambulatory care.
Sequential Monte Carlo for Hierarchical Bayes with Large Datasets

Practical use of Hierarchical Bayes models require the availability of efficient methods for posterior inference. Sequential Monte Carlo methods have appeared as an extremely robust way to simulate complicated Bayesian posteriors. The simplest version successively weights and resample draws called particles from a sequence of target distributions. The method has a main weakness keeping it from being used in complex hierarchical models and large data sets: sample impoverishment. This issue is usually alleviated through the use of a "refreshing" MCMC step. However, to preserve effectiveness, the computational costs are quadratically increasing with the total number of observations. We propose a new SMC-within-SMC method. In a first step, each individual-level parameter is estimated separately using standard SMC and a non-hierarchical auxiliary prior. In a second step, we use weighting methods to replace the auxiliary prior with the hierarchical one without the need to recompute any likelihood. In addition to allowing for the separate processing of individual data, this approach drastically reduces the computational costs. A MATLAB package is provided.
Surface growth on a deformable spherical substrate

Abstract Kinetics of surface growth with coupled diffusion is studied for the case of growth on a spherical substrate. The considered material system is composed of two species, a solid matrix and a permeating solvent, which can interact by a chemical reaction on the boundaries of the body. It is shown that, for arbitrary substrate curvature, a transient diffusion dominated response is rapidly exhausted before the system arrives at a universal path that is independent of initial conditions. Along this path, the system evolves up to arrival at a steady state, called treadmilling, in which addition and removal of mass are balanced. This result confirms that the universal path, recovered in previous work for growth on a flat rigid substrate, generalizes to additional geometrical settings and also to situations in which the substrate is deformable. The universal path thus facilitates the investigation of the coupling between growth, diffusion and substrate deformation that is induced by buildup of internal stress. This complex coupling is shown to result in a non-monotonic evolution, before arriving at the treadmilling state.
The Brief Form of the California Odor Learning Test 3.

This study explored whether a Brief Form of the California Odor Learning Test 3 (COLT), an olfactory analogue of the newly released Brief Form of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT 3), could retain the ability of the COLT to detect odor memory dysfunctions observed in normal aging. 52 participants, 28 young (18-30 years old) and 24 old (65 years of age and older), were administered the Brief Forms of the CVLT 3 and the COLT 3. Results indicated poorer performance in immediate and delayed odor recall in older than in younger adults. Poorer odor recognition memory performance in older adults than in younger adults was detected. This study suggests that the Brief Form of the COLT can detect differential odor learning and memory between young and older adults. Thus, the current brief test holds promise as a measure that can be incorporated into studies that demand a brief, non-invasive test capable of detecting impairment in olfactory function.
The costimulatory molecule 4-1BB and rheumatoid arthritis

Costimulator molecules 4-1BB and its ligand 4-1BBL belong to the TNF super family.They pro-vide the second signal for the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and increase some cytokine.pro-duction.It was discovered that disturburance of T cells and the related cytokine secretion participated in the immunopathologic process of rheumatic arthritis(RA),a common chronic systemic autoimmune disease.4-1BB/4-1BBL'S dual immunoregulative effects were currently studied in many research papers.Thus the immune intemvention of the 4-1BB/4-1BBL signal is becoming a theraputic approach for various kinds of diseases.In this paper,we discuss about their biologic and constructive effects on the pathogeneis,diagnosis and treatment of RA. Key words: 4-1BB; Rheumatoid arthritis
Essentials of Leadership: The Core Sources of Trump’s Presidency

This chapter examines several basic elements of the Trump presidency and leadership. They include: the nature of the president’s supporters, including their supposed “racial resentment” and the nature and reality of their powerful emotional connections of respect and standing linking them with Trump. We then turn to TrumpThink—a magical mystery tour reflecting how Trump understands his world, full of unexpected associative detours, logical lane changing, and surprisingly clear reconnection to his original train of thought. TrumpTalk shares those qualities. It is often meandering, frequently exaggerated, regularly provocative, and honestly heartfelt if rarely fact-check level “correct.” We then take up the issue of TrumpTruth—how he uses facts and tweets—the president’s serial imprecise relationship with “the Truth,” including “larger Truths”; and promise keeping as a strategy for his reelection.
Demographic factors associated with missed follow-up among solid tumor patients treated at a large multi-site academic institution.

Aim: To identify demographic predictors of patients who miss oncology follow-up, considering that missed follow-up has not been well studies in cancer patients. Methods: Patients with solid tumors diagnosed from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed (n = 16,080). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine predictors of missed follow-up. Results: Our study revealed that 21.2% of patients missed ≥1 follow-up appointment. African American race (odds ratio [OR] 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17-1.51), Medicaid insurance (OR 1.59; 1.36-1.87), no insurance (OR 1.66; 1.32-2.10) and rural residence (OR 1.78; 1.49-2.13) were associated with missed follow-up. Conclusion: Many cancer patients miss follow-up, and inadequate follow-up may influence cancer outcomes. Further research is needed on how to address disparities in follow-up care in high-risk patients.
The evolving role of library collections in the broader information ecosystem

Abstract Academic libraries operate in a complex information environment that lies increasingly beyond the borders of library-provided search tools and collections. Consumer web search engines facilitate discovery, and an abundance of content is available through open access sources and academic social networks as well as consumer-focused web publications and digital media libraries. Libraries need to select the content and tools that they buy with these realities in mind. Libraries should use their purchasing power to support open access, select book and journal content bundles with compelling value, and leverage demand-driven purchasing. They should advocate for more comprehensive discovery tools and in-the-flow reference products and eliminate redundant search products. Finally, they should align purchased resources closely with the curriculum and provide high-quality data sources along with the expertise to use such sources.
IterML: Iterative Machine Learning for Intelligent Parameter Pruning and Tuning in Graphics Processing Units

With the rise of graphics processing units (GPUs), the parallel computing community needs better tools to productively extract performance from the GPU. While modern compilers provide flags to activate different optimizations to improve performance, the effectiveness of such automated optimization has been limited at best. As a consequence, extracting the best performance from an algorithm on a GPU requires significant expertise and manual effort to exploit both spatial and temporal sharing of computing resources. In particular, maximizing the performance of an algorithm on a GPU requires extensive hyperparameter (e.g., thread-block size) selection and tuning. Given the myriad of hyperparameter dimensions to optimize across, the search space of optimizations is extremely large, making it infeasible to exhaustively evaluate. This paper proposes an approach that uses statistical analysis with iterative machine learning (IterML) to prune and tune hyperparameters to achieve better performance. During each iteration, we leverage machine-learning models to guide the pruning and tuning for subsequent iterations. We evaluate our IterML approach on the GPU thread-block size across many benchmarks running on an NVIDIA P100 or V100 GPU. Our experimental results show that our automated IterML approach reduces search effort by 40% to 80% when compared to traditional (non-iterative) ML and that the performance of our (unmodified) GPU applications can improve significantly — between 67% and 95% — simply by changing the thread-block size.
Venous Thromboembolic Events in African American Lupus Patients are Less Likely Associated with Antiphospholipid Antibodies Compared to Caucasians.

Objective The risk of thrombotic events is elevated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to the general population, and has been attributed to both systemic inflammation, as well as presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). We examined differences in aPL prevalence in Caucasian and African American (AA) patients with SLE and venous thromboembolic (VTE) events, and compared inflammatory markers at time of VTE event. Methods Records of Caucasian and AA patients with SLE and VTE events were retrieved from a Rheumatology practice based at an academic hospital. A clinically significant aPL profile was defined as anti-cardiolipin IgG/IgM and/or anti-β2 glycoprotein-I IgG/IgM ≥40 units, and/or positive lupus anticoagulant (LA) ≥1.3. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of a clinically significant aPL profile. Results Ninety-seven patients fulfilled ACR and/or 2012 SLICC classification criteria for SLE, had history of VTE and available aPL tests (59 Caucasian and 38 AA). African Americans were 66% less likely (95% CI 0.12, 0.96; p=0.04) to have a clinically significant aPL profile compared to Caucasians in multivariable regression. Triple positivity was most frequent among Caucasians, while 7/8 AAs had a positive LA test. At time of VTE event, AAs had significantly higher levels of anti-dsDNA (p=0.02), lower hemoglobin (p=0.01), and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p=0.008). Conclusion Among patients with SLE and VTE events, AAs were less likely to have a clinically significant aPL profile compared to Caucasians indicating that a negative aPL profile in AA does not decrease VTE risk.
How do state policies shape experiences of household income shocks and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic?

The tremendous job loss and wage cuts during the COVID-19 pandemic raises concerns about the mental health of the population. The impacts of income shocks on mental health may differ across U.S. states during the pandemic, as states have different policy contexts that likely influence mental health. The present study uses survey data from the Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey (April-July 2020) to examine whether mental health outcomes vary across U.S. states and to what extent specific state-level contexts moderate the associations between household income shocks and depression (n = 582,440) and anxiety (n = 582,796). We find that the prevalence of depression and anxiety differs across states by household income shock status. For individuals, living in a state with supportive social policies - primarily those related to Medicaid, unemployment insurance, and suspended utility shut offs during the pandemic - weakens the association between household income shocks and mental health. Findings suggest that the lack of a strong federal response to the pandemic alongside the devolution of federal power to states over the past 40 years contributes to inequalities in mental health across states. We provide insight about how specific existing and emergency-related policies can reduce adverse mental health consequences of household income shocks.
PI Prob: A risk prediction and clinical guidance system for evaluating patients with recurrent infections.

Background Primary immunodeficiency diseases represent an expanding set of heterogeneous conditions which are difficult to recognize clinically. Diagnostic rates outside of the newborn period have not changed appreciably. This concern underscores a need for novel methods of disease detection. Objective We built a Bayesian network to provide real-time risk assessment about primary immunodeficiency and to facilitate prescriptive analytics for initiating the most appropriate diagnostic work up. Our goal is to improve diagnostic rates for primary immunodeficiency and shorten time to diagnosis. We aimed to use readily available health record data and a small training dataset to prove utility in diagnosing patients with relatively rare features. Methods We extracted data from the Texas Children’s Hospital electronic health record on a large population of primary immunodeficiency patients (n = 1762) and appropriately-matched set of controls (n = 1698). From the cohorts, clinically relevant prior probabilities were calculated enabling construction of a Bayesian network probabilistic model(PI Prob). Our model was constructed with clinical-immunology domain expertise, trained on a balanced cohort of 100 cases-controls and validated on an unseen balanced cohort of 150 cases-controls. Performance was measured by area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC). We also compared our network performance to classic machine learning model performance on the same dataset. Results PI Prob was accurate in classifying immunodeficiency patients from controls (AUROC = 0.945; p<0.0001) at a risk threshold of ≥6%. Additionally, the model was 89% accurate for categorizing validation cohort members into appropriate International Union of Immunological Societies diagnostic categories. Our network outperformed 3 other machine learning models and provides superior transparency with a prescriptive output element. Conclusion Artificial intelligence methods can classify risk for primary immunodeficiency and guide management. PI Prob enables accurate, objective decision making about risk and guides the user towards the appropriate diagnostic evaluation for patients with recurrent infections. Probabilistic models can be trained with small datasets underscoring their utility for rare disease detection given appropriate domain expertise for feature selection and network construction.
Building for ‘We’: Safety Settings for Couples with Memory Concerns

Designing technologies that support the mutual cybersecurity and autonomy of older adults facing cognitive challenges requires close collaboration of partners. As part of research to design a Safety Setting application for older adults with memory loss or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we use a scenario-based participatory design. Our study builds on previous findings that couples’ approach to memory loss was characterized by a desire for flexibility and choice, and an embrace of role uncertainty. We find that couples don't want a system that fundamentally alters their relationship and are looking to maximize self-surveillance competence and minimize loss of autonomy for their partners. All desire Safety Settings to maintain their mutual safety rather than designating one partner as the target of oversight. Couples are open to more rigorous surveillance if they have control over what types of activities trigger various levels of oversight.
The Effects of a Novel Non-catechol Dopamine Partial Agonist on Working Memory in the Aged Rhesus Monkey

Aged-related declines in cognition, especially working memory and executive function, begin in middle-age and these abilities are known to be mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and more specifically the dopamine (DA) system within the PFC. In both humans and monkeys, there is significant evidence that the PFC is the first cortical region to change with age and the PFC appears to be particularly vulnerable to age-related loss of dopamine (DA). Therefore, the DA system is a strong candidate for therapeutic intervention to slow or reverse age related declines in cognition. In the present study, we administered a novel selective, potent, non-catechol DA D1 R agonist PF-6294 (Pfizer, Inc) to aged female rhesus monkeys and assessed their performance on two benchmark tasks of working memory – the Delayed Non-Match to Sample Task (DNMS) and Delayed Recognition Span Task (DRST). The DNMS task was administered first with the standard 10 second delay and then with 5 minute delays, with and without distractors. The DRST was administered each day with four trials with unique sequences and one trial of a repeated sequence to assess evidence learning and retention. Overall, there was no significant effect of drug on performance on any aspect of the DNMS task. In contrast, we demonstrated that a middle range dose of PF-6294 significantly increased memory span on the DRST on the first and last days of testing and by the last day of testing the increased memory span was driven by the performance on the repeated trials.
Ergodicity and Mixing

In the sequel X is a semigroup, T = {T x , x ∈ X} is a left dynamical system in a phase space (Ω, F, m), U will denote the isometric (right) representation of X in L 2 (Ω, F, m) associated with T. 3 is the σ—subalgebra of all T—invariant sets Λ ∈ F, and I B α is the subspace of all T—invariant functions f ∈ L B α , B being an arbitrary Banach space. If f ∈ L B α (Ω, F, m), M(f) = M(f∣T) is the mean of the function f with respect to T (see Subsect. 1.7.2). Let P be a probability measure on F E(f) = f Ω f dP, f ∈ L 1(Ω, F, m).
Holey and Unholey Semiconductors

Thermoelectric materials, which have applications in refrigeration and power generation, are experiencing a surge in research activity. Many different materials are investigated with the goal of maximizing electrical conductivity while minimizing thermal conductivity, which is required for good thermoelectric performance. Only recently was a 30-year deadlock in thermoelectric performance overcome. Predictions for the new materials suggest that important further improvements are on the horizon, with promising applications in the computer and other high-tech industries.
The presence of Candida albicans in hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis: An ultrastructural observation

Specimens taken from the buccal mucosa of two patients with hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis (HBID) were studied by transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of epithelial tissue in HBID was previously reported. Discovery of Candida albicans in this lesion was an accidental finding. The literature on the subject was reviewed and the ultrastructural features of Candida albicans were described.
Termites fumigate their nests with naphthalene

Termite nests provide a controlled environment and physical defence for the colonies of insects they house1. Another important factor involved in colony defence may be volatile chemicals present in the nest: we have found the hydrocarbon naphthalene in extracts of the nest material produced by Formosan subterranean termites. This is the first time naphthalene has been found naturally associated with any insect species.
Exploiting Opportunistic Scheduling in Cellular Data Networks.

Third Generation (3G) cellular networks utilize timevarying and location-dependent channel conditions to provide broadband services. They employ opportunistic scheduling to efficiently utilize spectrum under fairness or QoS constraints. Opportunistic scheduling algorithms rely on collaboration among all mobile users to achieve their design objectives. However, we demonstrate that rogue cellular devices can exploit vulnerabilities in opportunistic scheduling algorithms, such as Proprotional Fair (PF), to usurp the majority of time slots in 3G networks. Our simulations show that only five rogue device per 50-user cell can use up to 90% of the time slots, and can cause 2 seconds of end-to-end inter-packet transmission delay on VoIP applications for every user in the same cell, rendering VoIP applications useless. To defend against these attacks, we explore several detection and prevention schemes, including modifications to the PF scheduler and a secure handoff procedure.
Career Development of Lesbian and Gay Youth: Effects of Sexual Orientation, Coming Out, and Homophobia.

Abstract Despite a rapidly growing literature on issues confronting lesbian and gay adolescents in today's society, little has been written about the effects of lesbian/gay identity development, the coming-out process, and homophobia on the career development of lesbian and gay youth. This article first examines normal adolescent career development. Then, it describes the factors that impinge on the identity and career development of lesbian and gay adolescents, most notably the process of coming out to self and dealing with the homophobia of others. Next, it theorizes about the impact of sexual identity development, coming out, and homophobia on lesbian and gay adolescent career exploration and choice. Finally, recommendations for school practice (teaching, guidance, and counseling) and policy are made.
A blackboard architecture for reactive scheduling

A knowledge-based generalized architecture for dynamic rescheduling is presented. The architecture combines a blackboard based opportunistic scheduling system that is integrated with reason maintenance capabilities. The blackboard component focuses on the process of constructing a schedule which is deemed to be primarily opportunistic in nature. The reason-maintenance capabilities of the system focus on rescheduling, keeping track of justifications for assignments, and ensuring that the current schedule is always valid, i.e., free of inconsistencies. >
Resolution Dependence of Initiation and Upscale Growth of Deep Convection in Convection-Allowing Forecasts of the 31 May–1 June 2013 Supercell and MCS

AbstractOn 31 May 2013, a supercell thunderstorm initiated in west-central Oklahoma and produced a deadly tornado. This convection then grew upscale, with a nearly stationary line developing early on 1 June that produced very heavy rainfall and caused deadly flash flooding in the Oklahoma City area. Real-time convection-allowing (Δx = 4 km) model forecasts used during the Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX) provided accurate guidance regarding the timing, location, and evolution of convection in this case. However, attempts to simulate this event at higher resolution degraded the forecast, with the primary supercell failing to initiate and the evolution of the overnight MCS not resembling the observed system. Experiments to test the dependence of forecasts of this event on model resolution show that with grid spacing smaller than 4 km, mixing along the dryline in northwest Texas was more vigorous, causing low-level dry air to move more quickly eastward into Oklahoma. This drying prevented the super...
Measuring Therapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Preliminary Development and Validation of the Treatment-Induced Neuropathy Assessment Scale

Abstract Various sensory and motor effects are associated with cancer treatment–induced peripheral neuropathy. The current method for capturing the multifaceted nature of neuropathy includes a combination of objective tests, clinician evaluation, and subjective patient report, an approach that is often not logistically feasible, especially for multisite trials. We report the performance of a brief yet comprehensive, easily administered measure, the Treatment-Induced Neuropathy Assessment Scale (TNAS), for assessing the severity and course of neuropathy across various cancer treatments. Data were derived from 4 longitudinal or cross-sectional patient cohorts (N = 573). Patients with multiple myeloma treated primarily with bortezomib and patients with colorectal cancer receiving oxaliplatin evaluated candidate items. Cognitive debriefing showed that all items were easy to understand, and this preliminary TNAS demonstrated reliability, validity, and sensitivity. Numbness/tingling was the most severe item, regardless of therapeutic agent. Although numbness and general pain were moderately correlated, patients perceived them as distinct. Most TNAS items were more severe at follow-up, demonstrating the sensitivity of the instrument to accumulating dose. The TNAS will be refined with further patient input, with final psychometric evaluation conducted in a new patient sample receiving treatments known to be associated with peripheral neuropathy. The nonpainful component of neuropathy may be more disabling than the pain component. Perspective Our data suggest that the nonpainful components of neuropathy may be more disabling than the pain component during cancer treatment. Here we report data on sensory and motor symptoms reported by patients receiving neurotoxic cancer therapy, and we detail the development of a neuropathy assessment scale that follows regulatory guidance for patient-reported outcomes.
Combined vapor and chemical explosions of metals and water

Abstract Metal-water explosions often involve simultaneous steam production and chemical reaction. Existing information on such combined steam and chemical explosions is reviewed. Included in the review are recent experiments conducted at Argonne National Laboratory on lithium-water and aluminum-water explosions.
Mechanistic studies on thiamin phosphate synthase: evidence for a dissociative mechanism.

Thiamin phosphate synthase catalyzes the coupling of 4-methyl-5-(β-hydroxyethyl)thiazole phosphate (Thz-P) and 4-amino-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate (HMP-PP) to give thiamin phosphate. In this paper, we demonstrate that 4-amino-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine pyrophosphate (CF3-HMP-PP) is a very poor substrate [kcat(CH3) > 7800kcat(CF3)] and that 4-amino-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine pyrophosphate (CH3O-HMP-PP) is a good substrate [kcat(OCH3) > 2.8kcat(CH3)] for the enzyme. We also demonstrate that the enzyme catalyzes positional isotope exchange. These observations are consistent with a dissociative mechanism (SN1 like) for thiamin phosphate synthase in which the pyrimidine pyrophosphate dissociates to give a reactive pyrimidine intermediate which is then trapped by the thiazole moiety.