cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data-Mining Dynamical Systems: Automated Symbolic System Identification for Exploratory Analysis

This paper describes a new algorithm for automatically reverse-engineering symbolic analytical models of dynamical systems directly from experimental observations, for the purpose of modeling, control and exploratory analysis. The new algorithm builds on genetic programming techniques used in symbolic regression to infer differential equations from time series data. We introduce the core algorithm for building coherent mathematical models efficiently and then describe its application to system identification. The method is demonstrated on a number of nonlinear mechanical and biological systems.© 2008 ASME
Endogenous gonadotropin requirements for follicular growth and maintenance in immature rats pretreated with PMS.

Anti-PMS serum (APS) was used to explore the role of endogenous gonadotropins in follicular development and maintenance in immature rats pretreated with PMS. HCG was used as an ovulating hormone to test the ability of follicles to ovulate. The hormones and antiserum were administered intravenously. When PMS was given at 0800 hr on day 26, ovulation occurred in 92% of the rats on the morning of day 29. No ovulation occurred when APS was administered simultaneously with PMS. By concurrent administration of hCG with APS 24, 30, or 36 hr after PMS, ovulation was induced in 10, 46, or 64% of the animals on the morning of day 28. When APS was given 24, 30, or 36 hr after PMS, followed by hCG 55 hr after PMS, ovulation occurred in 0, 46, or 100% of the animals on the morning of day 29. When the APStreated rats received no hCG, ovulation occurred only in the group given APS 36 hr after PMS with no significant difference from that of PMS treated controls (82% vs 92% in control). In hypophysectomized immature rats,...
SU‐GG‐T‐174: Comparison of Structure Contouring Efficiency and Dose‐Volume Histograms (DVH) of Pinnacle3 and Eclipse Treatment Planning Systems for Prostate IMRT

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that structure contouring precision and DVH for Prostate‐PTV, rectum and bladder would be the same for Pinnacle and Eclipse treatment planning systems (TPS). Materials and Methods: DVH for 51 patients each planned with Pinnacle3 and Eclipse TPS and treated with Elekta‐Synergy and Varian Linacs, respectively, was compared. Patients and treatment planners were different for Pinnacle and Eclipse. Beams numbers, angles, energy (6X) and Radiation Oncologists were the same. Prostate, SV, rectum and bladder were contoured from CT‐images with 0.5 mm separation. Prescription was 45‐Gy to prostate+SV (CTV) and 36‐Gy boost to prostate. Margins for CTV and prostate were 0.5‐cm superiorly and posteriorly, and 1‐cm in other dimensions to create PTV and Prostate‐PTV, respectively. Dose‐volume constraints (DVC) were to cover 95% PTVs with 95% prescription dose and keep respective doses to 70%, 50% and 30% rectum and bladder to less than 30%, 50% and 70% of 81‐Gy. Pearson's correlation coefficient ‘r’ and two‐sample ‘t’ test were used for statistical analysis.Results: Structure‐contouring efficiency was the same between TPS. Mean‐volumes (±SD, cm3) of prostate (53.9±20.4 vs. 52.8±23.8), SV (13.3±6.6 vs. 11.5±6.6), prostate‐PTV (159.7±42.4 vs. 144.9±46.6), rectum (106.6±34.8 vs. 120.5±47.7) and bladder (191.8±103.9 vs. 177.2±81.3) were the same for Pinnacle and Eclipse patients, respectively, (P >0.1). Percent of 81‐Gy delivered to 95% prostate‐PTV was higher with Pinnacle (97.63±0.71) than Eclipse (96.12±0.997) TPS (P<0.001). Consequently, mean‐dose (Gy) delivered to rectum (36.1±2.7 vs. 31.5±4.8, P<0.001) and bladder (32.9±7.5 vs. 29.7±7.5, P<0.05) was higher with Pinnacle than Eclipse TPS, respectively. Conclusions: Structure‐contouring efficiency, prescriptions and DVC‐guidelines being the same, there is great potential for delivering significantly different doses to targets and normal tissues. Although these doses are within the DVC‐guidelines, clinical outcomes and normal tissue toxicities could be different. This may also be true for RTOG trials where DVC‐guidelines are general.
Evaluating less commonly taught language programs: A semiotic case

Abstract Prompted by the Foreign Language Assistance Act of 1991, the number of less commonly taught language (LCTL) programs has increased dramatically. In spite of this growth, systematic evaluation procedures have been noticeably absent from the growing area of LCTL instruction in the United States and professional educators and linguists disagree about the role and function of program evaluation. This chapter offers an evaluation plan that is holistic, recognizes the complexity of “real” programs, and fosters a consensus of purposes and competences. It uses a semiotic evaluation model (Tucker & Dempsey, 1991). Five semiotic signs of good evaluation are offered: holism, negotiation, balance of qualitative and quantitative data, evaluator vulnerability, and futurism. This evaluation combines traditional methods such as test scores, interviews, and questionnaires with more dynamic methods such as focus groups, photo-interviewing, and portfolio assessment. Using the statewide case study of Michigan's Foreign Language Assistance Program, a four-year chronology of evaluation experiences examines enrollment patterns, emerging instructional models for five languages, networking, and unanticipated impacts.
Theoretical Study of Pulsed-Laser-Induced Resonant Desorption.

Adsorbed atoms irradiated by an infrared laser in resonance with one pair of vibrational levels of the adbond are studied. A pulsed laser is considered which has pulse duration short compared to the relaxation times of the system. The equations governing the time evolution of the adbond under a series of π-pulses are derived. Two criteria are defined to compare the effects of a series of π-pulses and of a continuous-wave laser. They are: (1) equal average energy in both lasers and (2) equal average resonant heating due to both lasers. These criteria are used to compare the effects of a pulsed laser and a continuous-wave laser on laser-induced resonant desorption. It is shown that a pulsed laser does not lead to a dramatic increase of the desorption. In the high-intensity limit, resonance heating and desorption reach the same saturation limit for a pulsed laser as for a continuous-wave laser.
The structure of hydrogen cyanide-nitrogen dioxide premixed flames

The gas-phase chemistry of HCN/NO 2 flames has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) has been used to analyze the reaction zones of burner stabilized, premixed HCN/NO 2 flames having HCN to NO 2 stoichiometries of 1:1 and 1.4:1 (equivalence ratios of 1.25 and 1.74, respectively). The FTIR spectra have been used to determine both species profiles and temperature profiles as a function of axial distance above the burner. These adiabatic flames were modeled using Sandia's steady laminar one-dimensional premixed flame code. The detailed chemistry included 28 species and 130 reactions. The flame structure model was used to develop reaction mechanisms for the carbon-and nitrogen-containing species in the flames. The model results indicate that the reaction pathways are similar to those identified previously for the C 2 N 2 /NO 2 flames. These mechanisms are also similar to those presented previously for the secondary flame chemistry of the RDX model flame. The primary differences among these various flames occur due to the relative availability of hydrogen containing species.
From nonlinear programming theory to practical optimization algorithms: A process engineering viewpoint

As process optimization becomes an established and mature technology for process simulation, analysis and operation, it becomes important to consider larger and more creative problem formulations and applications, as well as the development of efficient algorithms to tackle them. Here, some novel process optimization applications are briefly reviewed in the following areas of process design and analysis: • treatment of constrained and nonsmooth simulation problems, particularly in phase equilibrium • synthesis of chemical reactor networks through the application of targeting strategies • more efficient strategies for process optimization and postoptimality analysis • treatment of uncertainty through multiperiod optimization problems • the role of automatic differentiation tools in process optimization An outline of the concepts behind each of these topics will be presented and process examples are briefly described in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of these optimization-based applications.
Ciliated cell adenocarcinoma of the endometrium diagnosed by endometrial brush cytology and confirmed by hysterectomy : A case report detailing a highly efficient cytology collection and processing technique

A case of ciliated endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, diagnosed by endometrial brush cytology and confirmed by histology, is reported. Features are those of outspoken endometrial adenocarcinoma presenting in a postmenopausal woman with abnormal uterine bleeding. Distinctive characteristics include ciliated neoplastic cells, intracytoplasmic ciliary cysts, complex epithelial stratification, and muscular invasion by malignant ciliated cells in the matched hysterectomy specimen. This report illustrates the merit of linking an easy-to-use liquid fixative with brush-sampling of the endometrium.
Special Issue on Social Media Analytics: Understanding the Pulse of the Society

The four papers in this special issue focus on the advanced modeling and simulation, human organizational interactions, web spidering, digital archiving, cyber archeology, social network analysis, sentiment analysis, and data/text/web mining techniques and methodologies, which can contribute to the understanding of the pulse of the society.
Experimental Investigation of Crossing Shock Wave-Turbulent Boundary Layer-Bleed Interaction

Results of an experimental investigation of a symmetric crossing shock wave/turbulent boundary layer/bleed interaction are presented for a freestream unit Reynolds number of 1.68 x 10(exp 7)/m, a Mach number of 2.81, and deflection angles of 8 degrees. The data obtained in this study are bleed mass flow rate using a trace gas technique, qualitative information in the form of oil flow visualization, flow field Pitot pressures, and static pressure measurements using pressure sensitive paint. The main objective of this test is two-fold. First, this study is conducted to explore boundary layer control through mass flow removal near a large region of separated flow caused by the interaction of a double fin-induced shock wave and an incoming turbulent boundary layer. Also, a comprehensive data set is needed for computational fluid dynamics code validation.
Correlation and prediction of polyamide glass transitions

A simple scheme for the prediction of glass transition temperatures based on diamine and diacid component part contributions is applied to data for 19 interrelated polyamides. The new results, in conjunction with many prior determinations, lead to the assignment of 65 ± 20°C. for the glass transition of 6-6 polyamide, contrary to published suggestions that the value might well be −65°C.
Pattern of disruption in the extinction of a chain FR 7-FR 7 in pigeons

Performance was studied during extinction after training on a homogeneous chain FR 7-FR 7, with a tandem FR 7-FR 7 as control, eight pigeons per group. During extinction, disruption of the chain was considerably greater in the first than in the second component, while tandem controls showed no differential disruption.
Structure of isothiocyanate methemoglobin

Abstract The structure of the complex of the ambidentate ligand thiocyanate with horse methemoglobin was compared with that of acid methemoglobin and azide methemoglobin by X-ray difference Fourier techniques. Thiocyanate is co-ordinated to iron exclusively by its nitrogen atom, and thus forms the isothiocyanate complex. The ligand is bent as in the stereochemically very similar azide complex, and there is no evidence for strain in the ligand pocket of the globin, in contrast to earlier results on the cyanide complex. The higher spin of the isothiocyanate complex compared with azide is accompanied by only slight structural changes at the hemes, the most prominent of which is interpreted to be a slight lengthening of the iron—ligand nitrogen bond in the β-heme.
Skin carotenoid levels in adult patients with psoriasis

Background Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease that not only affects the skin but can also have systemic implications such as obesity and nutritional deficiencies. Carotenoids are vitamin A provitamins with anti-oxidant properties that are present in human tissues including skin. Objectives To determine whether psoriasis is associated with lower levels of skin carotenoid levels. Methods In this cross-sectional study, skin carotenoid levels were measured on the palms of 44 patients with psoriasis and 72 patients without psoriasis. A linear regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between psoriasis and carotenoid levels (primary aim) and to determine if severity of disease was associated with carotenoid levels (secondary aim). Potential confounders included demographic factors, smoking status, body mass index and multivitamin intake. Results The mean carotenoid levels in the psoriasis and no psoriasis groups were respectively 22 099 and 29 180 and presence of psoriasis was found to be significantly related to lower levels of carotenoids in both univariable and multivariable analysis (P < 0.05). In the psoriasis group, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score was not significantly related to carotenoid levels (P = 0.07). Conclusions Patients with psoriasis appear to have lower skin carotenoid counts than patients without psoriasis.
Developmental evidence of acrocarpy in Hedwigia ciliata (Musci: Hedwigiaceae)

The growth habit of the Hedwigiaceae has been described variously as acrocarpous, pseudopleurocarpous, or pleurocarpous. Anatomical evidence presented here indicates that Hedwigia ciliata is acrocarpous. The archegonia are terminal on the main shoot, and the branching pattern is sympodial. The main axis of each plant thus consists of a succession of subterminal innovations, rather than a single shoot of indeterminate growth. Since the plants are plagiotropic and are pleurocarpous in appearance, this growth pattern can be also called pseudo-pleurocarpous.
Ethical, Legal, Social, and Policy Implications of Behavioral Genetics

The field of behavioral genetics has engendered a host of moral and social concerns virtually since its inception. The policy implications of a genetic basis for behaviors are widespread and extend beyond the clinic to the socially important realms of education, criminal justice, childbearing, and child rearing. The development of new techniques and analytic approaches, including whole-genome sequencing, noninvasive prenatal genetic testing, and optogenetics, has clearly changed the study of behavioral genetics. However, the social context of biomedical research has also changed profoundly over the past few decades, and in ways that are especially relevant to behavioral genetics. The ever-widening scope of behavioral genetics raises ethical, legal, social, and policy issues in the potential new applications to criminal justice, education, the military, and reproduction. These issues are especially critical to address because of their potentially disproportionate effects on vulnerable populations such as children, the unborn, and the incarcerated.
HEXAGONAL CELL STRUCTURES UNDER POST-BUCKLING AXIAL LOAD

Determining the approximate crushing stress of hexagonal cell structures subject to axial loading
A linear hybrid adaptive array

The authors examine a hybrid adaptive antenna array with adjustable real scaling factors which minimizes the effect of the random errors contained in the steering and reference vectors and maximizes the output SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) with a priori knowledge of the reference errors. Performance results are presented for this hybrid array. >
Computing nearest-neighbor fields via Propagation-Assisted KD-Trees

Matching patches between two images, also known as computing nearest-neighbor fields, has been proven a useful technique in various computer vision/graphics algorithms. But this is a computationally challenging nearest-neighbor search task, because both the query set and the candidate set are of image size. In this paper, we propose Propagation-Assisted KD-Trees to quickly compute an approximate solution. We develop a novel propagation search method for kd-trees. In this method the tree nodes checked by each query are propagated from the nearby queries. This method not only avoids the time-consuming backtracking in traditional tree methods, but is more accurate. Experiments on public data show that our method is 10–20 times faster than the PatchMatch method [4] at the same accuracy, or reduces its error by 70% at the same running time. Our method is also 2–5 times faster and is more accurate than Coherency Sensitive Hashing [22], a latest state-of-the-art method.
Spinal Inhibitory Effects of Cardiopulmonary Afferent Inputs in Monkeys: Neuronal Processing in High Cervical Segments

Noxious stimulation of spinal afferents inhibits primate spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons in segments distant from the region of afferent entry. Inhibitory effects of cardiopulmonary sympathetic a...
NOAA's satellite programs for the 1990's and into the 21st century

Abstract Plans are described for continuing, into the next century, United States civil operational programs for remotely sensing Earth and its environment from space. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), under the Department of Commerce, plans and manages these programs and is responsible for: operating environmental satellites; aggregating program requirements originating in Federal agencies; and developing national plans for related research. The satellite systems which NOAA operates directly are the Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) systems. Each images Earth, sounds the atmosphere, and provides other data and services. The POES system provides routine global coverage; the GOES provides frequent, repetitive coverage of the Western Hemisphere. NOAA also oversees the operational U.S. program for land remote sensing from space, currently based on the Landsat series of spacecraft. A commercialization contractor--the Earth Observation Satellite Company (EOSAT)--is operating Landsats 4 and 5, marketing Landsat data, and developing Landsat 6 for launch in 1991.
Effect of pleasant odors on mood of males at midlife: Comparison of African-American and European-American men

The purpose of this study was to determine if daily use of colognes could elevate mood in middle-aged men. Sixty men ranging in age from 40 to 55 years participated in the study. Half were European-American and half were African-American. Mood ratings were obtained twice daily for 12 days using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS). The first 2 days of the experiment were used as baseline information to establish each man's mood prior to the administration of the colognes. The following 10 days of the study consisted of two conditions of 5 days each, the fragrance condition and the placebo condition. Main effects of condition (baseline, fragrance, placebo) were found for all POMS factors including tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, and confusion, as well as for the Total Mood Disturbance score (TMD). The scores for the fragrance condition were significantly better than those for the baseline condition for tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion factors, as well as for the TMD. Also, the scores for the fragrance condition were significantly better than those for the placebo condition for all factors and the TMD. There was a main effect for race, with European-American subjects having significantly worse scores for tension and fatigue and significantly better scores for depression than African-American subjects. An interaction was present between race and condition for the depression, vigor, and confusion factors. The main conclusion of this study was that use of pleasant odors improved the mood of males at midlife.
Concern With Craft: Using Ars Poetica as Criteria for Reading Research Poetry

This article contends with the question “what is good poetry?” The author argues that those interested in poetry as a means to represent research must be aware of poetic traditions and techniques and engage critically in a discussion of how an understanding of poetry informs their work. One means by which to accomplish this is through the use of ars poetica(art of poetry). The author presents a discussion of the function and utility of ars poetica for poetic craft, means of articulating one's own ars poetica, examples of some poets' conceptualizations of poetry, and the implications of ars poetica as artistic criteria. In addition, the author demonstrates how three versions of her own ars poetica written at different times may be used as criteria for assessing research poetry.
Kasabach-Merritt coagulopathy complicating Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome in pregnancy

Background : Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome is a sporadic genetic syndrome characterized by localized hemangiomas, venous varicosities, and asymmetric osseous hypertrophy of the ipsilateral extremities. Most commonly seen in association with hemangiomas, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is defined by the presence of thrombocytopenia and a consumptive coagulopathy. Case : A 22-year-old primigravida with a prior diagnosis of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome presented for genetic counseling and delivery management at 37 weeks' gestation. Large varicosities of the vulva required cesarean delivery. Multiple hemangiomas in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen necessitated the use of a left paramedian cutaneous incision. The patient subsequently developed Kasabach-Merritt syndrome and required the transfusion of blood products as well as heparin and aminocaproic acid therapy for her postoperative management. Conclusions : Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome in pregnancy is rare. The potential for a refractory coagulopathy presenting as Kasabach-Merritt syndrome should be considered in any patient who presents with extensive hemangiomas.
The Role Of Social Media In Crisis Management At Carnival Cruise Line

This research provides an overview of the marketing issues facing Carnival Cruise Line after several high profile incidents. Carnival Cruise Lines has suffered several mishaps which have harmed its reputation and the reputation of the cruise industry in general. Is the damage irreparable, or can careful crisis management and marketing repair the trust and confidence of Carnival’s guests and prospective cruisers? The latest disaster, an engine room fire which left the Carnival Triumph adrift in the Gulf of Mexico earlier this year prompted the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) to approve a “Cruise Industry Passenger Bill of Rights” ("Cruise Industry Adopts," 2013). This research offers insight into the use of social media as both a positive and negative marketing tool.
Attempted Suicide by Drug Overdose

In the hands of depressed persons, prescriptions for sedative-hypnotic agents and psychotherapeutic drugs can be instruments of suicide. The prescription drugs used most often are the barbiturates. The profile of the high-risk patient is becoming clearer.Signs of an impending suicidal attempt are usually more overt in the adult than in the teen-ager, but teen-agers at risk may show abrupt behavioral changes.Physicians must heed warning signals and deny the patient the means for attempting suicide.
Some Pyramids For Your Demonstration

(1930). Some Pyramids For Your Demonstration. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 32-34.
Industry classification schemes: An analysis and review

ABSTRACTThis article examines the industry classification schemes used in business research from the Standard Industrial Classification system and the North American Industry Classification System to market-based industry classification schemes like the Global Industry Classification and the Industry Classification Benchmark. The examination answers why there are so many, who developed them, and for what purpose. An assortment of industry classification schemes is reviewed to highlight differentiating characteristics, how companies are assigned industry codes, their use by different user groups, and the coverage of industry codes in well-known business databases. The article also introduces the new Sustainability Industry Classification System from the Sustainable Accounting Standards Board designed to classify companies by sustainability metrics.
Study on the serotype distribution and drug resistance of Salmonella in Guangxi in 2011

Objective To investigate the serotype distribution and drug resistance of salmonella in Guangxi and establish the database of serotype and drug resistant spectrum of salmonella. Methods The salmonella strains were serotyped according to GB 4789. 4-2010,and drug susceptibility test was performed using micro-broth dilution method. Results Seven serogroups or sub-groups and twenty-one serotypes were found in 74 salmonella strains and serogroup B was the dominant bacteria( 32 strains,43. 24%). These Salmonella strains has serious drug resistance. Except 23 strains( 31. 08%) were sensitive to 8 kinds of antibacterial drugs,the remaining 51 strains( 69. 82%) had varying degrees of resistance. The resistance rates to tetracycline,chloramphenicol,nalidixic acid and trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole were 55. 41%,45. 94%,37. 84% and 33. 78%. The multi-drug resistance was also serious. Thirty-four strains showed resistance to 2 and more than 2 antimicrobial agents( 45. 95%) and 20 strains showed resistance to 4 and more than 4 antimicrobial agents( 27. 03%). There were no significant differences in drug resistance rate among strains from different sources( χ2= 3. 52,P 0. 05). Conclusion These salmonella strains showed diverse serotypes,high drug resistance and multi-drug resistance,so more attention should be paid to them.
Mid-membranous Vocal Fold Webs: Case Series.

Summary Introduction Laryngeal webs are a rare clinical entity, with those in the mid-membranous region occurring even less commonly. This is the first case series describing this condition. Case Report We describe the clinical course of four patients with mid-glottic webs and propose the possible pathophysiology. Discussion Trauma to the vocal folds followed by an inflammatory reaction is the likely event leading to the development of this lesion. Endoscopic division of this type of web has shown good postoperative voice outcomes without any recurrences. Conclusion The mid-glottic web is a rare clinical entity for which there is no defined etiology. It is likely that trauma results in an inflammatory reaction and, ultimately, web formation. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors for this condition.
HIF-1: Using Two Hands to Flip the Angiogenic Switch

In brain, breast, and other common human tumors there is a correlation between expression of the transcriptional activator hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and tumor grade and vascularization. HIF-1 stimulates angiogenesis by activating transcription of the gene encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). HIF-1 is a heterodimer consisting of a constitutively-expressed HIF-1beta subunit and an O2- and growth factor-regulated HIF-1alpha subunit. Recent studies have demonstrated that HIF-1alpha expression is increased in tumor relative to normal tissue by two mechanisms. First, decreased intratumoral O2 concentrations provide a physiological stimulus. Second, genetic alterations that activate oncogene products or inactivate tumor suppressor gene products increase HIF- 1alpha expression and/or HIF-1 transcriptional activity independent of the O2 concentration. Taken together, these recent data suggest that increased HIF-1 activity provides a molecular basis for VEGF-induced angiogenesis and other adaptations of cancer cells to hypoxia that are critical for establishment of a primary tumor and its progression to the lethal phenotype.
Energy flow, thermoelectricity and Fourier's law in atomic and molecular junctions

Advances in the fabrication and characterization of nanoscale systems now allow for a deeper understanding of one of the most basic issues in science and technology: the flow of energy at the microscopic level. In this Colloquium we survey recent advances and present understanding of physical mechanisms of energy transport in nanostructures, focusing mainly on molecular junctions and atomic wires. We examine basic issues such as thermal conductivity, thermoelectricity, local temperature and heating, and the relation between energy current density and temperature gradient known as Fourier’s law. We critically report on both theoretical and experimental progress in each of these issues, and discuss future research opportunities in the field.
Putting the Education Back in Educational Apps: How Content and Context Interact to Promote Learning

Technology is forever changing the landscape of children’s education in and out of school. But much of what masquerades for “educational” in the digital world, is not. In this chapter, we discuss evidence-based principles that can help parents, researchers, and teachers discover apps with real educational value. With the science of learning as a base, we ask whether apps promote children’s active (minds-on) and engaged (not distracted) learning with material that is meaningful and supported in socially interactive contexts. Apps that are built on these principles promote playful, scaffolded, and exploratory learning.
Exploring the Use of Shared Reading as a Culturally Responsive Counseling Intervention to Promote Academic and Social-Emotional Development

The present study examined outcomes of using culturally responsive shared reading in a group counseling setting to promote academic and social-emotional development with a group of seven Latina third graders. Through conducting a mixed methods case study that included quantitative behavioral observation data and qualitative content analysis, participants demonstrated improvement in academic engagement and social-emotional learning (SEL), including respect for others, effective communication and problem solving, self-management, self-awareness, and self-confidence. Implications for employing shared reading as a culturally responsive counseling intervention are described.
Encoding–Retrieval Interactions

The encoding–retrieval paradigm is instantiated when two (or more) conditions are manipulated during study (or encoding) and two or more types of tests are used to assess retention (retrieval tests). This type of experiment permits answers to two fundamental questions: Do effects of an encoding manipulation that occur on one test generalize across other tests? When encoding and retrieval conditions match on some dimension, does better performance occur than when they mismatch (in line with principles of encoding specificity and transfer-appropriate processing)? The encoding–retrieval paradigm is essential to progress in understanding memory.
Reversible Protonated Resting State of the Nitrogenase Active Site.

Protonated states of the nitrogenase active site are mechanistically significant since substrate reduction is invariably accompanied by proton uptake. We report the low pH characterization by X-ray crystallography and EPR spectroscopy of the nitrogenase molybdenum iron (MoFe) proteins from two phylogenetically distinct nitrogenases (Azotobacter vinelandii, Av, and Clostridium pasteurianum, Cp) at pHs between 4.5 and 8. X-ray data at pHs of 4.5–6 reveal the repositioning of side chains along one side of the FeMo-cofactor, and the corresponding EPR data shows a new S = 3/2 spin system with spectral features similar to a state previously observed during catalytic turnover. The structural changes suggest that FeMo-cofactor belt sulfurs S3A or S5A are potential protonation sites. Notably, the observed structural and electronic low pH changes are correlated and reversible. The detailed structural rearrangements differ between the two MoFe proteins, which may reflect differences in potential protonation sites at...
Migration as a Method: Deterritorializing the “Floating Children” in Contemporary China

This chapter takes up the Chinese “floating children” (or internal migrant children) as both a method and a site to problematize how social science research represents difference, mobility, and change based upon unity, fixity, and stability. I begin with providing a general account of diverse theories and narratives in use by Chinese scholarship, which represents the “floating children” as a distinct type of people. Then, I attempt to unravel the implicit presumptions and consequences of those representations and briefly introduce “performativity” as an approach to denaturalize and de-essentialize those recurring notions and narratives on migrants and their education, such as “rural-urban dichotomy,” “individual adaptability,” “social integration,” “socioeconomic status,” and “suzhi” (human quality). In the third section, I approach each of those taken-for-granted notions as historically produced, enacted, and retrofitted in the post-Mao China. I am considering these notions’ troubled entanglements as systems of reason that organize practices and make possible the “floating children” as both the “subject” and “object” of government. To conclude, I emphasize the paradox of the systems of reason, embodied and enacted by the discourses surrounding the education of “floating children,” and propose considering migrants and migration as an alternative method toward rethinking mobility and difference.
Evaluation of Rapid vs Standard Infliximab Infusions in the Pediatric Population.

Background Rapid 1-hour infliximab infusions have been safely implemented in adults, but studies of these rapid infusions in pediatric patients are limited. This study's primary objective was to determine the safety of 1-hour infliximab infusions compared with standard 2- to 3-hour infusions in children with inflammatory bowel disease and other autoimmune disorders. Methods We conducted an institutional review board-approved prospective study using an unmatched historical control group at a freestanding children's hospital comparing rapid vs standard infusion rates of infliximab and the use of premedications and immunomodulatory agents on the frequency of early and delayed infusion reactions. Results There were 50 subjects with 540 total standard (2- to 3-hour) infusions in the retrospective group and 66 subjects with 545 total rapid (1-hour) infusions assessed in the prospective group. Although the prospective group received a significantly higher infliximab dose, was significantly less likely to receive premedication, and was significantly more likely to receive another immunomodulatory agent, only 2 instances of potential infusion reactions occurred in the 545 rapid infusions (0.36%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22%-11.01%; 3% of patients) administered in the prospective group compared with 1 documented infusion reaction (0.19%; 95% CI, 0.0%-11.47%; 2% of patients) in the retrospective group (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.01-12.93; P = 0.99). Conclusions This study suggests that rapid infusion of infliximab over 1 hour is not associated with an increased risk of infusion reactions when compared with standard 2- to 3-hour infusions and can be safely used in children with no previous reaction to standard infusions to treat inflammatory bowel disease and other autoimmune diseases.
An empirical knowledge production function of agricultural research and extension: The case of the University of California Cooperative Extension

Abstract Our study examines empirically the impact of agricultural research inputs on the creation and dissemination of knowledge by the University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE). We formulate a conceptual framework to understand the relationship between the agricultural research inputs employed by UCCE and the knowledge shared. We develop an index of knowledge based on a weighted average of the various modes through which knowledge is produced by UCCE's agricultural research for all counties in the state of California during 2007–2013. Empirical results indicate significant positive impacts of research inputs on the production of knowledge. We find research input, such as number of research positions measured as full-time equivalent (FTE), level of salary per researcher (including seniority and status), and investment in research infrastructure per FTE, positive and significant. Our models suggest diminishing marginal knowledge returns to research infrastructure, and a linear knowledge production function with respect to the number of FTE and the salary per FTE in the UCCE system.
Sonification and HCI

This chapter investigates the second and third wave HCI design processes for an auditory display design and proposes a multifaceted framework. The purpose of using such a framework in a participatory context is to provide the possibility to create shared design knowledge in sonification and building new sonification designs on top of the prior work. From the early stages of the project involving the domain scientists in the process seemed to be an obvious choice. The process works in the sense that we gathered a diverse set of data analysis problems, solutions, and methods that work for data scientists within a sonification framework.
The Cardiovascular System and Its Modes of Operation

The oldest known symbols for the heart are reproduced. King Hammurabi’s code introduces legal liability, which makes Mesopotamian medicine literally superficial and stimulates development of mathematical and astronomical studies instead, unlike concurrent Egyptian developments in medicine. After a long interlude, Greek civilization takes over and Hippocrates assembles his Corpus, which assimilates old Egyptian knowledge, but does not offer a comprehensive concept for the operation of the cardiovascular system. Erasistratos subsequently develops such a concept, which is only known through Galenos after the modifications he introduces in it. The Galenic concept survives until Caesalpinus and Harvey replace it by proposing that the same blood circulates in a closed loop. The heart becomes the central and only pump to sustain this circulation, though a number of researchers become convinced that it is too weak to assume that responsibility alone and suggest that other mechanisms must be existent to provide support. Liebau shows empirically that steady flow can be induced in a closed circuit free of valves and ventures to suggest that cardiac valves may be superfluous. This eventually leads to the concept of impedance-defined flow and offers a quantitative mathematics based interpretation of flow phenomena not considered possible at the time.
Historical Benchmarks Prior to the 1980s

This chapter presents an historical overview of social welfare programs aimed at improving the economic well-being of low-income families in the USA prior to the Reagan administration of the 1980s. Section 1.2 focuses primarily on the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program which was enacted in 1935 and underwent several modifications and “reforms” before its replacement by the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program in 1996, a subject of Chap. 3. Background historical markers include: (a) the Social Security Act of 1935 (SSA) which created AFDC; (b) the 1962 Moynihan Report; and (c) the Lyndon Johnson administration’s War on Poverty and the related Social Security Amendments of the 1960s.
An analysis of group D streptococci recovered from cancer patients.

A total of 4,166 (17.4%) strains of Group D streptococci were recovered from 27,474 surveillance samples taken from the nose, throat, gingiva, axilla, and rectum of patients at a cancer center. An additional 2,217 strains were recovered from 7,106 urine samples and 58 strains from 5,286 blood samples. Approximately 11% of gingival cultures yielded Group D streptococci.Streptococcus faecalis was most prevalent, followed byStreptococcus bovis, Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus avium, Streptococcus equinus, andStreptococcus durans. Six of the 11 premortem blood cultures positive forS. faecalis grew other organisms as well, chiefly gram negative bacilli. The sevenS. faecalis recovered from postmortem bloods all occurred together with gram-negative bacilli or yeasts. Abscesses and lesions had recovery rates of 7.9% and 13.2%, respectively.S. faecium was the Group D streptococcus resistant to the most antibiotics andS. bovis was the most susceptible. Although most strains were only moderately susceptible to penicillin by disc susceptibility tests, minimum inhibitory concentrations of representative strains were in the susceptible range. Ampicillin susceptibilities ranged from 71% to 93%. About half of theS. faecium andS. avium strains were resistant to carbenicillin, but the other species were more susceptible. Vancomycin, furadantin, and chloramphenicol all had ≥ 82% susceptibilities to Group D streptococci. The widely divergent antibiotic susceptibilities of the Group D streptococci makes their specific susceptibility tests an essential part of optimal patient care.
Effects of Matrix Characteristics in the Processing of Short Fiber Composites

The widely differing consistencies of composite matrices, that can range from carrier vehicles for laying out preforms to highly viscoelastic melts, dictate which processing methods are feasible and impose limitations on their operation and output. The following comparison of techniques employed for fabricating short fiber composites in the thermoset, thermoplastic, and rubber industries will illustrate these differences. Details of matrix effects are given within each field.
The psychiatrist in the 1980s. Societal pressures and coping strategies.

Evidence indicates that psychiatry is a high-stress profession. Yet, most investigators concerned with this issue have limited their work to the impact of patient-related stress on psychiatrists. The author adds to this perspective by offering an integrated presentation of the societal pressures experienced by clinicians in the 1980s. Negative public opinion, unrealistic expectations of the field, and recent economic trends may be offset if psychiatrists are willing to become more actively involved in community service, clearly express the limits of their professional expertise, and diversify their personal lives.
Precipitation and Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes: Continental Analysis with High-Resolution Radar Data

AbstractMotor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of accidental death in the United States, and weather is frequently cited as a contributing factor in fatal crashes. Previous studies have inves...
Association of body mass index with cardiac resynchronization therapy intention and left ventricular lead implantation failure: insights from the NCDR implantable cardioverter-defibrillator registry

Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) implantation involves left ventricular (LV) lead placement for biventricular pacing and is more complex than implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)-only implantation. Differences in the prescription of CRT-D versus ICD may result from clinician biases based on patient body habitus, and body habitus may be associated with LV lead implantation failure. We sought to evaluate whether patient body mass index (BMI) was associated with planned use and implantation failure of CRT-D therapy. We studied all patients enrolled in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry who met standard CRT-D criteria and received either an ICD or CRT-D between 2010 and 2012. BMI was categorized based on World Health Organization classification. Using hierarchical logistic regression, two multivariate models adjusted for patient demographic and clinical characteristics were fit based on the following outcome variables: (1) planned implantation with CRT-D versus ICD and (2) failed versus successful LV lead placement. Of 337,547 patients, 41,872 met inclusion criteria for the first analysis and 35,186 met criteria for the second analysis. After multivariable adjustment, patients with extreme (BMI > 40 kg/m2) obesity were less likely to receive guideline-concordant CRT-D compared with patients with normal weight (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75–0.99; p = 0.04). Extreme (BMI > 40 kg/m2) obesity was associated with higher odds of failed LV lead placement (AOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07–1.72, p = 0.01). Compared with normal weight patients, extremely obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2) CRT-D eligible patients were less likely to be prescribed CRT-D and were at higher odds for failed LV lead placement.
Power in Peacekeeping

United Nations peacekeeping has proven remarkably effective at reducing the death and destruction of civil wars. But how peacekeepers achieve their ends remains under-explored. This book presents a typological theory of how peacekeepers exercise power. If power is the ability of A to get B to behave differently, peacekeepers convince the peacekept to stop fighting in three basic ways: they persuade verbally, induce financially, and coerce through deterrence, surveillance and arrest. Based on more than two decades of study, interviews with peacekeepers, unpublished records on Namibia, and ethnographic observation of peacekeepers in Lebanon, DR Congo, and the Central African Republic, this book explains how peacekeepers achieve their goals, and differentiates peacekeeping from its less effective cousin, counterinsurgency. It recommends a new international division of labor, whereby actual military forces hone their effective use of compulsion, while UN peacekeepers build on their strengths of persuasion, inducement, and coercion short of offensive force.
Characterizing Disk Health Degradation and Proactively Protecting Against Disk Failures for Reliable Storage Systems

The booming of cloud computing, online services and big data applications have resulted in dramatic expansion of storage systems. Meanwhile, disk drives are reported to be the most commonly replaced hardware component. Disk failures cause service downtime and even data loss, costing enterprises multi-trillion dollars per year. Existing disk failure management approaches are mostly reactive and incur high overheads. To overcome these problems, in this paper, we present a proactive, cost-effective solution to managing large-scale production storage systems. We aim to uncover the entire process in which disk's health deteriorates and forecast when disk drives will fail in the future. Due to a common lack of diagnostic information of disk failures, we rely on the Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART) data and explore statistical analysis techniques to identify the start of disk degradation. We then model the disk degradation processes as functions of SMART attributes, which eliminates the dependency on time and thus I/O workload. Experimental results from over 23,000 enterprise-class disk drives in a production data center show that our derived models can accurately quantify the degradation of disk health, which enables us to proactively protect data against disk failures. We also investigate several types of disk failures and propose remediation mechanisms to prolong disk lifetime.