cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sodium-taurine cotransport in reptilian renal brush-border membrane vesicles

The coupled transport of Na+ with taurine into snake renal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) was studied using 5-s uptake conditions. Taurine transport into snake renal BBMV involved two parallel processes, one saturable (Na+-dependent) and one (Na+-independent) that behaved like passive diffusion. Below 1 mM taurine concentration, the Na+-dependent system accounted for 60% of total taurine uptake. Over both low (0.001–0.80 mM) and high (0.8–5.0 mM) taurine concentration ranges, the Na+-dependent taurine uptake within each range showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, suggesting the presence of two independent saturable Na+-dependent transport systems for taurine. The high-affinity, low-capacity system saturated above 100 μM with a K m of 71.4±45.7 μM and a maximum velocity (V max) of 21.9±3.77 pmol (mg protein)−1 (5 s)−1. The low-affinity, high-capacity system saturated above 1 mM, with a K m of 1.11±0.63 mM and a V max of 252±47 pmol (mg protein)−1 (5 s)−1. The stoichiometric relationship between external Na+ concentration and taurine uptake (at 10 μM) by the high-affinity BBMV transport system was examined by the activation method under short-circuited conditions. The 5-s rate of taurine transport was a sigmoid function of increasing extravesicular Na+ concentration. Kinetic analysis of the interaction of Na+ with the high-affinity taurine transport system suggested that 3 Na+ ions (3.2±0.7) may be involved with 1 taurine molecule in the transport event. The data suggest the presence of a highly efficient and high-affinity reabsorptive taurine transport system on the luminal membrane of the kidney of the garter snake, a species that can secrete taurine in vivo.
Effect of age and maturation on sudomotor nerve regeneration in mice

Abstract This study demonstrates that regeneration of unmyelinated sudomotor axons in mice becomes progressively slower during aging. Identical lesions were made in mice aged 0, 2, 4, 6, 7, 24 and 60 weeks. The peroneal, sural and saphenous nerves were cut and tied to prevent regeneration. The sciatic nerve was then frozen at the thigh, leaving the hind paw completely denervated. By 7 days, sweat glands (SGs) of the paw had ceased sweating after pilocarpine injection. Subsequent regeneration of sudomotor axons was judged by the rate of return of pilocarpine sensitivity. SGs in the hind paws of normal newborn mice did not sweat at birth. Cholinergic stimulation first activated sweating at 13 days of life. The number of responsive SGs increased progressively to reach the adult level by 30 days. In one-week-old mice, whose sciatic nerve had been sectioned, the SG response to cholinergic stimulation was very delayed in time and reduced in number. Sweat glands of young mice, between 2 and 4 weeks of age, regained cholinergic sensitivity at a faster rate than mature animals and attained normal SG counts. Throughout a broad intermediate range of age in adulthood (7–24 weeks), the rate of sudomotor nerve regeneration was the same, but in older mice (60 weeks) it was slower and less complete.
ASXL1 mutations are frequent and prognostically detrimental in CSF3R-mutated chronic neutrophilic leukemia

Colony stimulating factor 3 receptor gene (CSF3R) mutations have recently been associated with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL). Fourteen patients with CSF3R-mutated CNL (median age 67 years; 57% males) were screened for additional mutations; 8 (57%) and 5 (38%) harbored an ASXL1 and/or SETBP1 mutation (two patients expressed both), respectively. Two patients developed blastic transformation, both SETBP1-mutated and ASXL1-unmutated, whereas two other cases evolved into chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), both ASXL1-mutated and SETBP1-unmutated. Median survival was 23.2 months (10 deaths documented). On multivariable analysis mutated ASXL1 (P = 0.009; HR 19.6, 95% CI 2.1-184.1) and thrombocytopenia (P = 0.005; HR 28.8, 95% CI 2.8-298.2) were independently predictive of shortened survival. This study provides information on the natural history of CSF3R-mutated CNL and identifies mutant ASXL1 and thrombocytopenia as risk factors for survival. The study also suggests pathogenetic roles for SETBP1 and ASXL1 mutations in disease evolution into blast phase disease and CMML, respectively.
The sound of touch: a wand and texture kit for sonic exploration

In this paper we describe the Sound of Touch, a new instrument for real-time capture and sensitive physical stimulation of sound samples using digital convolution. Our hand-held wand can be used to (1) record sound, then (2) brush, scrape, strike or otherwise physically manipulate this sound against physical objects. These actions produce sound in a manner that leverages peoples existing intuitions about sonic properties of physical materials. The Sound of Touch permits real-time exploitation of the sonic properties of a physical environment, to achieve a rich and expressive control of digital sound that is not typically possible in electronic sound synthesis and control systems.
Silicone rubber radium carriers for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinomas.

Abstract A silicone rubber device can be constructed that will provide supplemental radiation therapy to patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This technique provides for direct visualization of the nasopharynx and the advantage of an afterloading technique.
Worker ownership, participation and control: Toward a theoretical model

The administration of the employee-owned or worker cooperative firm must provide for two conceptually separable functions: organizational governance and the management of work. Three theoretical models tend to shape the thinking of those who design the organization: authoritarian, bargaining, and town meeting or community democracy.
The influence of hypothalamically administered reserpine on the sexual behavior of the female cat

Ovariectomized cats with intracerebral implants of reserpine, a monoamine depletor, were tested for sexual behavior by introducing them to sexually vigorous males and by artificial stimulation. Approximately a third of the animals mated in response to reserpine and another third exhibited some components of sexual behavior. The behavior exhibited by these animals had none of the frenzy of normal estrous behavior. Some components of the normal pattern were missing while all others were curtailed in duration and vigor. These animals responded with normal sexual behavior to intracerebrally and systemically administered estrogen. It is suggested that the unusual sexual behavior in response to reserpine was due to the release of these behavioral patterns from a monoamine system, inhibitory to sexual behavior.
Plasmodium gallinaceum: Effects of various compounds on immunity of susceptible Aedes aegypti and refractory Culex pipiens pipiens

Abstract Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) administered in the diet in 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 1.0% concentrations to Aedes aegypti was found to enhance oocyst production. The most significant increase in oocyst production was in groups receiving 0.3 and 0.1% solutions. A combination of 0.01% PABA + 0.1 M NaOH, and 0.02 M HCL, 0.1 M KOH, 0.1 M NaOH, and 0.2 M MgCl2 likewise increased the susceptibility of A. aegypti to Plasmodium gallinaceum with 0.1 M NaOH being the most effective. Culex pipiens pipiens was found to exhibit a low degree of susceptibility to P. gallinaceum. This is the first report of oocyst development by P. gallinaceum in this species. PABA in 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 1.0% concentrations was tested and all concentrations increased the susceptibility of this refractory host. This compound was most effective in a 0.4% concentration. The susceptibility of C. pipiens pipiens to P. gallinaceum was also increased by inorganic materials. NaOH and KOH in 0.1 M concentrations yielded the greatest increase. A slight increase in susceptibility was effected by 0.2 M MgCl2 and 0.02 M HCL. Culex receiving the combination of 0.01% PABA and 0.01 M NaOH had the highest infection of those receiving inorganic compounds. Most of the oocysts produced in these experimental Culex were fairly typical of those found in A. aegypti; however, some were quite small and others showed evidence of deterioration, distortion, and shrinkage.
Analysis of Failure Times Measured on Dairy Cows: Theoretical Considerations in Animal Breeding

Abstract Failure time analysis is described and proposed for use in survival studies of dairy cows. The Cox regression model is emphasized. Inclusion of random effects in Cox models or other nonlinear models is recommended if such models are to be used in genetic evaluations. Maximum a posteriori estimation is proposed for prediction of random effects. This procedure requires knowledge of variances of random effects. “Quadratic type” estimates for variance components in nonlinear models are described. Genetic evaluations usually entail solving a large system of equations. For cases in this paper, equations are nonlinear. To solve large systems of equations corresponding to certain Cox regression models, a procedure analogous to Gauss-Seidel iteration is proposed.
Working With Some Of The Newer High-Z Scintillators

Working with some of the newer high -Z scintillatorsJ. G. LarosMS D436, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545ABSTRACTWe have performed simple laboratory studies of several of the newer high -Z inorganic scintillators, with a primarygoal of evaluating their relative merits as sensors for space -borne instruments. It is appropriate to consider usingone of these materials when high light output can be exchanged for some other beneficial property, such as higherstopping power (bismuth germanate), superior resistance to radiation damage (barium fluoride), or fast decay time(barium fluoride and pure cesium iodide). Our work has revealed or confirmed other important characteristics -bothfavorable and unfavorable -of these newer scintillators. For example, the temperature dependence and particle speciesdependence of the fast and slow scintillation output of barium fluoride and pure cesium iodide will be described.
Impact of the 21-gene recurrence score assay compared with standard clinicopathologic guidelines in adjuvant therapy selection for node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Background The development of multigene assays has proved useful in the clinical management of early-stage breast cancer. The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay has been shown to quantify risk of distant recurrence and predict chemotherapy benefit in node-negative and node-positive, estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients. Small, single-institution series have shown that, compared with standard clinicopathologic criteria, use of RS significantly affects adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations.
Occupational cancer: clinical interpretation and application of scientific evidence

Maintaining an awareness that workplace factors may contribute to occupational cancer is one of the most formidable obstacles in early clinical recognition. This early recognition provides an opportunity for a practicing physician to make an important contribution to new knowledge in the field. Another important reason for the physician to have a high index of suspicion of cancers being related to workplace exposures has to do with compensation benefits which may accrue to the injured worker. The physician's role in the compensation system is critical both in providing medical opinion, which is material to the final decision, and because in many states it is the physician who starts the time clock for the statute of limitations. Three case examples are used to illustrate the importance of clinical recognition by an alert physician: 1) mesothelioma and labor; 2) lung cancer in a plumber who smokes and one who does not smoke; 3) leukemia in a rubber industry worker. Given the inherent preventable nature of occupational cancers, it is hoped that society will assist in searching for these important links.
Critical Assessment of the Performance of Density Functional Methods for Several Atomic and Molecular Properties

The reliable prediction of molecular properties is a vital task of computational chemistry. In recent years, density functional theory (DFT) has become a popular method for calculating molecular properties for a vast array of systems varying in size from small organic molecules to large biological compounds such as proteins. In this work we assess the ability of many DFT methods to accurately determine atomic and molecular properties for small molecules containing elements commonly found in proteins, DNA, and RNA. These properties include bond lengths, bond angles, ground state vibrational frequencies, electron affinities, ionization potentials, heats of formation, hydrogen bond interaction energies, conformational energies, and reaction barrier heights. Calculations are carried out with the 3-21G*, 6-31G*, 3-21+G*, 6-31+G*, 6-31++G*, cc-pVxZ, and aug-cc-pVxZ (x=D,T) basis sets, while bond distance and bond angle calculations are also done using the cc-pVQZ and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets. Members of the popular functional classes, namely, LSDA, GGA, meta-GGA, hybrid-GGA, and hybrid-meta-GGA, are considered in this work. For the purpose of comparison, Hartree-Fock (HF) and second order many-body perturbation (MP2) methods are also assessed in terms of their ability to determine these physical properties. Ultimately, it is observed that the split valence bases of the 6-31G variety provide accuracies similar to those of the more computationally expensive Dunning type basis sets. Another conclusion from this survey is that the hybrid-meta-GGA functionals are typically among the most accurate functionals for all of the properties examined in this work.
Method of construction of a MRI-based tabular database of 3D stereotaxic co-ordinates for individual structures in the basal ganglia of Macaca mulatta

Primate models are commonly used in Parkinson's disease research to study stereotaxic strategies that demand accurate localization of the structures in basal ganglia. We demonstrate a method to construct an extensive tabular database of 3D stereotaxic co-ordinates of various basal ganglia structures from high-quality magnetic resonance (MR) images of 47 adult female 3-5 kg rhesus monkeys. For each animal, the structures in the basal ganglia were traced as they appeared on the axial MR images. Their maximal outlines were projected in the axial plane to create a stack of images and X, Y, Z co-ordinates were calculated for margins of each structure. These co-ordinates and the outlines of the individual nuclei help delineate a "common area," which was further narrowed down to a point that represents the 'most reliable target point' (MRTP) in subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidum, caudate and putamen on both sides. Common area and MRTP represent the region that can most definitely be associated with a structure and hence the most definite target for a given structure. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the method of construction, discuss the feasibility and usefulness of such a tabular database that could potentially add to accuracy of localization while using atlas-based stereotaxy. Though use of MRI remains a standard practice and advances in imaging have made targeting for functional surgery more accurate, in developing countries that implies prohibitive costs per procedure. Population based human databases similar to the monkey database described here, when used along with less expensive imaging modalities can reduce the costs considerably as well as add to the accuracy of targeting.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FILTER-BASED AND WRAPPER-BASED FEATURE RANKING TECHNIQUES FOR SOFTWARE QUALITY MODELING

Data mining techniques have been effectively used for software defect prediction in the last decade. The general process is that a classifier is first trained on historical software data (software metrics and fault data) collected during the software development process and then the classifier is used to predict new program modules (waiting for testing) as either fault-prone or not-fault-prone. The performance of the classifier is influenced by two factors: the software metrics in the training dataset and the proportions of the fault-prone and not-fault-prone modules in that dataset. When a dataset contains too many software metrics and/or very skewed proportions of the two types of modules, several problems may arise including extensive computation and a decline in predictive performance. In this paper, we use feature ranking and data sampling to deal with these problems. We investigate two types of feature ranking techniques (wrapper-based and filter-based), and compare their performances through two case studies on two groups of software measurement datasets. The empirical results demonstrate that filter-based ranking techniques not only show better classification performance but also have a lower computational cost.
Non-seasonal changes in total column ozone from satellite observations, 1970-86

Analyses of nonseasonal changes in total column ozone from satellite observations during the period 1970-86 suggest, when combined with analyses of Dobson network data, that the largest reduction in global ozone since 1959 occurred between 1978 and 1986. The existence of an Arctic region of enhanced ozone depletion with similar but less pronounced characteristics of the Antarctic region is described. Before 1983 large rates of decrease were confined to high latitudes, subsequently regions of large rates of ozone depletion have appeared at midlatitudes.
Transportation Engineering Careers: Strategies for Attracting Students to Transportation Professions

Critical to building an American workforce with 21st century skills is the recruitment and graduation of students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. However, a nationwide lack of student interest and preparation in these fields results in a shortage of workforce talent. The transportation field is not immune to this shortage and faces significant issues related to attracting and retaining transportation professionals. Thus, it is crucial to raise awareness of opportunities available through the transportation profession with precollege students. The Transportation Engineering Careers (TREC) program at the University of Memphis is designed to engage students in active challenge-based learning, to showcase the variety of transportation engineering career opportunities through visits from industry professionals, and to provide interaction with peer role models through a structured mentoring component. This paper presents a brief review of relevant literature, a description of the Un...
Isolation by genetic complementation of two differentially expressed genes for beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase from Aspergillus niger.

We have constructed an Aspergillus niger cDNA library with a yeast expression vector. The library DNA complemented a leucine auxotroph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain BWG1-7a) at a frequency of 4×10-4. Plasmids rescued from the yeast prototrophs also complemented Escherichia coli (strain MC1066) deficient in leucine biosynthesis. Sequence determination of the rescued plasmids revealed two genes for β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, which we called leu2A and leu2B. Genomic-blot analysis suggested that both leu2A and leu2B were derived from single-copy genes. Northern-blot hybridization showed that in nutrient-rich medium a leu2A transcript accumulated during germination and log-phase growth while the leu2B transcript appeared late in the growth phase. In minimal medium, only leu2A expression was greatly stimulated. We examined the codon preference of these two genes. Whereas leu2A shows a bias in codon usage typical of A. niger genes, leu2B does not. These results indicate the presence in A. niger of two highly divergent, differentially regulated, isozymes for β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase.
Galilean test for the fifth force.

We have carried out a direct free-fall experiment to measure the differential acceleration between two different materials (copper and uranium) falling in the Earth's gravitational field. The differential acceleration was measured to be less than 5 parts in 10/sup 10/ of the normal gravitational acceleration. This null result puts new limits on the strength and range of the proposed fifth force.
CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CNEMDR1: A CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS GENE ENCODING A PROTEIN RELATED TO MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEINS

CneMDR1, a gene encoding a protein related to several eukaryotic multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins, was identified, cloned, and characterized from a clinical isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) (strain M1-106). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a DNA region encompassing conserved motifs of other MDR-like proteins was initially used to identify and clone CneMDR1. Analysis of the corresponding cDNA revealed an open reading frame punctuated by 16 introns. CneMDR1 encoded a protein (CNEMDR1) containing 1408 amino acids (aa) with a predicted mass of approximately 152kDa. Protein structure predictions suggested the presence of two putative 6-transmembrane (TM) domains as well as two ATP-binding domains, structural characteristics typical of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins. Members of this superfamily, which include MDR proteins, are frequently involved in active transport of a variety of substrates across the cell membrane. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of 12 chromosomal bands in this clinical isolate of Cn. CneMDR1 was detected by hybridization on chromosome IV. High-stringency hybridization detected only one MDR-like gene. However, a second MDR-like gene (CneMDR2) was discovered during reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) amplification using cDNA.
Iterative Regularization Methods for Inverse Problems in Acoustics

We consider the use of conjugate-gradient-like iterative methods for the solution of integral equations arising from an inverse problem in acoustics in a bounded three dimensional region. The inverse problem is the computation of the normal velocities on the boundary of a region from pressure measurements on an interior surface. The pressure satisfies the Helmholtz equation in the region. Two formulations are considered: one based on the representation of pressures by a single layer potential and the other based on the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral equation. Both formulations can be used to approximate the Neumann Green’s function as an alternative. The integral equations are all ill-posed and are discretized by a boundary element method. The resulting liner systems are ill-conditoned and a (smooth) regularized solutions must be sought. Two regularization rules, including a new one, for conjugate-gradient-like methods are applied and found to have advantages over a standard method based on the truncated singular value decomposition using generalized cross validation. Due to the occurence of multiple singular values for our integral operators, conjugate gradient methods compute the optimal solution in the first few iterations and prove to be particularly fast for these large scale acoustics problems.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Diabetogenic activity of the anterior pituitary (a progress report)

The exact nature of the diabetogenic activity of the anterior pituitary gland remains a mystery. While growth hormone (GH) fractions clearly can produce a diabetogenic effect, there is increasing evidence that GH itself does not exert this effect. Several new theories that purport to explain the nature of diabetogenic activity are discussed. The current evidence supports the view that the activity is the result of a GH fragment or some other closely related protein such as the one (‘diabetogenic protein’) first described byLouis andConn. A progress report of the research on this new ‘diabetogenic protein’ is given.
Effects of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate on morphological and functional neuronal integrity in rat hippocampal slices during energy deprivation

D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a high energy glycolytic intermediate, attenuates ischemic damage in a variety of tissues, including brain. To determine whether D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate serves as an alternate energy substrate in the CNS, rat hippocampal slices were treated with D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during glucose deprivation. Unlike pyruvate, an endproduct of glycolysis, 10 mM D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate did not preserve synaptic transmission or morphological integrity of CA1 pyramidal neurons during glucose deprivation. Moreover, during glucose deprivation, 10-mM D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate failed to maintain adenosine triphosphate levels in slices. D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, however, attenuated acute neuronal degeneration produced by 200 microM iodoacetate, an inhibitor of glycolysis downstream of D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Because (5S, 10R)-(+)-5-methyl-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, exhibited similar protection against iodoacetate damage, we examined whether (5S, 10R)-(+)-5-methyl-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine and D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate share a common neuroprotective mechanism. Indeed, D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate diminished N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated synaptic responses and partially attenuated neuronal degeneration induced by 100-microM N-methyl-D-aspartate. Taken together, these results indicate that D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is unlikely to serve as an energy substrate in the hippocampus, and that neuroprotective effects of D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate are mediated by mechanisms other than anaerobic energy supply.
Determination of estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and cytochrome P450 aromatase mRNA levels in adipocytes and adipose stromal cells by competitive polymerase chain reaction amplification

Clinical evidence suggests that sex hormones affect adipose tissue metabolism and deposition. To investigate the biosynthesis and possible action of estrogen in adipose tissue, we report the use of competitive, specific polymerase chain reaction amplifications to determine levels of estrogen receptor (ER) messenger RNA (mRNA) and cytochrome P450 aromatase mRNA in adipocytes and adipose stromal cells. This extremely sensitive technique uses coamplification of a homologous animal species complementary RNA to control for differences in amplification efficiencies. The DNA amplification products are identified by Southern hybridization with species-specific radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes. Abdominal adipose tissue obtained from female patients during elective abdominoplasty was separated by collagenase digestion and centrifugation into floating adipocytes and pelleted adipose stromal cells. Our results demonstrate higher ER mRNA levels in adipocytes compared to adipose stromal cells, whereas cytochrome P450 aromatase mRNA levels are higher in adipose stromal cells compared to adipocytes. The finding of ER mRNA in adipose tissue suggests the presence of the ER in adipose tissue. In addition the inverse correlation of ER mRNA and cytochrome P450 aromatase mRNA levels in adipocytes and adipose stromal cells suggests a paracrine relationship whereby estrogen produced by adipose stromal cells affects adjacent adipocytes.
Enzyme systems in Tetrahymena. V. Comparison of succinic oxidase activity in different strains.

Abstract 1. 1. The succinic dehydrogenase of the E, GL, S, and W strains of Tetrahymena pyriformis is stable to freezing, acetone precipitation and lyophilization. 2. 2. The four strains all show high cytochrome oxidase activity. The oxidase is completely inactivated by acetone precipitation and by lyophilization. Suspensions prepared from frozen cells exhibit only slight oxidase activity.
Nanoscale oxidative patterning and manipulation of conjugated polymer thin films

Abstract Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is used to modify the surface of thin films of poly[2-methoxy,5-(2'-ethylhexoxy)-1, 4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) with spatial resolution of 100 nm. Thin films were patterned using the NSOM tip with high power illumination (approaching 1 kW/cm 2 ). This exposure results in both a reduction of the photoluminescence of the film and a change in the surface topography (a surface depression). By monitoring the broadening of the emission spectrum as a function of exposure time in ambient conditions and under flowing nitrogen, we confirm that the pattern is due to photo-oxidation. We have thoroughly examined the dependence of the depth of contrast, the size of the dark spot and the size of the surface depression on illumination power, energy migration and exposure time. In addition, we have created a number of patterns with features limited only by the size of the NSOM tip.
On updates that constrain the features' connections during learning

In many multiclass learning scenarios, the number of classes is relatively large (thousands,...), or the space and time efficiency of the learning system can be crucial. We investigate two online update techniques especially suited to such problems. These updates share a sparsity preservation capacity: they allow for constraining the number of prediction connections that each feature can make. We show that one method, exponential moving average, is solving a "discrete" regression problem for each feature, changing the weights in the direction of minimizing the quadratic loss. We design the other method to improve a hinge loss subject to constraints, for better accuracy. We empirically explore the methods, and compare performance to previous indexing techniques, developed with the same goals, as well as other online algorithms based on prototype learning. We observe that while the classification accuracies are very promising, improving over previous indexing techniques, the scalability benefits are preserved.
Preparation of rat liver lysosomes.

Abstract A modified method for the preparation of rat liver lysosomes by differential centrifugation is described in detail. The protein content and acid phosphatase activity of each fraction, along with their variability, is given. The average yield in the final lysosomal fraction was 0.6 mg protein per g wet liver, and the specific activity of acid phosphate was 24 times that of the homogenate on the average. Areas of innate variability are discussed.
High frequency gravitational radiation in Kerr-Schild space-times

Vaidya has obtained general solutions of the Einstein equationsR ab=σξ a ξ b by means of the Kerr-Schild metricsg ab=η ab +Hξ a ξ b . The vector field ξ a generates a shear free null geodetic congruence both in Minkowski space and in the Kerr-Schild space-time. If in addition it is hypersurface orthogonal, the Kerr-Schild metric may be interpreted as the “background metric” in a space-time perturbed by a high frequency gravitational wave. It is shown that Vaidya's solutions satisfying this additional condition are of only two types: (1) Kinnersley's accelerating point mass solution and (2) a similar solution where a space-like curve plays the role of the time-like curve describing the world line of the accelerating mass. The solution named by Vaidya as the radiating Kerr metric does not satisfy the hypersurface orthogonal condition.
Honoring Diversity: The Reliability, Validity, and Utility of a Scale to Measure Native American Resiliency

SUMMARY A history of oppression and deficit orientation by the majority culture has resulted in pervasive negative stereotypes of Native Americans and has led to an undervaluing of the positive aspects of Native American culture. In looking forward to an increasingly multicultural society, it is crucial that social workers develop a greater awareness and appreciation of cultural factors that contribute to resiliency among oppressed minorities. This article discusses the “Ethnic, Culture, Religion/Spirituality” (ECR) scale designed to measure levels of identification and involvement with Native American culture based on a relational rather than a linear world view and sources of strength and resiliency rather than problems or risk factors. Cronbach's Alpha exceeded .70 and factor analysis supported the internal consistency of the instrument. Convergent and discriminant validity and differences in the utility of the instrument for both Native American (n = 73) and non-native (n = 74) samples are explored.
300 LACK OF DRUG EFFECT ON OXYGEN INDUCED RETINAL ARTERY CONSTRICTION IN THE KITTEN

The initial injury in the animal model of oxygen induced retinopathy is thought to be irreversible arteriolar constriction. Since vitamin E is beneficial in this model, its effect on early arteriolar constriction, as well as the effect of prostaglandin inhibitors (as used in the beagle model) were tested. 3 day old kittens were placed in 80% oxygen and their retinas perfused with india ink 48hrs later. Pretreatment from day 1 with free tocopherol (vitamin E) 200 mg/kg/day IM, aspirin 20 mg/kg/day orally, or indomethacin 0.5 mg/kg/day orally was compared to no drug treatment in oxygen and room air controls. 5 kittens were randomly assigned to each group. Additionally, the effects of 8% carbon dioxide in combination with 21% oxygen (room air), 80% oxygen, or aspirin plus 80% oxygen was studied. All treatments except room air control and 8% carbon dioxide in room air O2 resulted in near total obliteration of patent retinal vessels, as demonstrated with the india ink perfusions. Kittens in 8% carbon dioxide with only 21% oxygen had moderate attenuation of the smallest vessels and partial closure of the arterioles. This unexpected failure of carbon dioxide to cause vasodilitation is unexplained. Vitamin E does not exert its beneficial effect on oxygen induced retinopathy in the kitten by maintaining vessel patencey during hyperoxia.
Urban spatial pattern as self-organizing system: An empirical evaluation of firm location decisions in Cleveland–Akron PMSA, Ohio

Economic models of urban spatial patterns have largely ignored complexity as an attribute of urban systems. Complexity theorists on the other hand have not made sufficiently serious and sustained attempts to verify empirically the relevance of complex systems models for urban spatial patterns. This research bridges this gap by simulating the evolution of an urban employment pattern as a self-organizing complex system and seeking its empirical validation. It estimates the model’s parameters by using firm data aggregated to the level of municipalities in Cleveland-Akron Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area in Ohio. The interaction among four parameters, forces of attraction and dispersion and their respective rates of dissipation with distance, are modeled as a two-dimensional complex system. The research compares the states of the modeled system with empirical data to present viable methods for verification, calibration and validation of such models.
Mathematical theory of Lyapunov exponents

This paper reviews some basic mathematical results on Lyapunov exponents, one of the most fundamental concepts in dynamical systems. The first few sectionscontainsomeverygeneralresultsinnonuniformhyperbolictheory.We consider (f ,μ ),where f is an arbitrary dynamical system and μ is an arbitrary invariant measure, and discuss relations between Lyapunov exponents and several dynamical quantities of interest, including entropy, fractal dimension and rates of escape. The second half of this review focuses on observable chaos, characterized by positive Lyapunov exponents on positive Lebesgue measure sets. Much attention is given to SRB measures, a very special kind of invariantmeasuresthatofferawaytounderstandobservablechaosindissipative systems. Paradoxical as it may seem, given a concrete system, it is generally impossible to determine with mathematical certainty if it has observable chaos unless strong geometric conditions are satisfied; case studies will be discussed. The final section is on noisy or stochastically perturbed systems, for which we present a dynamical picture simpler than that for purely deterministic systems. In this short review, we have elected to limit ourselves to finite-dimensional systems and to discrete time. The phase space, which is assumed to be R d or a Riemannian manifold, is denoted by M throughout. The Lebesgue or the Riemannian measure on M is denoted by m, and the dynamics are generated by iterating a self-map of M, written f : M . For flows, the reviewed results
Evaluation of Occupational Acrylamide Exposures

Abstract Since commercial production of acrylamide began in 1954, there have been at least 60 reported cases of acrylamide poisoning resulting in peripheral neuropathy in workers. All of these cases except one have involved occupational exposure to acrylamide monomerfrom either acrylamide and/or Polyacrylamide manufacturing, or acrylamide grouting. Because of a lack of adequate exposure data for these reported cases of acrylamide intoxication and for current work environment conditions, investigators from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have undertaken a study to evaluate exposures in four acrylamide-polyacrylamide manufacturing plants and atone sewergrouting site. Ninety-one personal eight-hourtime-weighted average (TWA) exposures from 81 workers in the manufacturing plants had airborne acrylamide levels ranging from 0.001 to 0.392 mg/m3 with a geometric mean of 0.036 mg/m3. The mean exposure level for monomer operators was 0.065 mg/m3; polymer operators, 0.031 mg/m3; and mainte...
Recombinant Group B Streptococcus Alpha-Like Protein 3 Is an Effective Immunogen and Carrier Protein

Conjugate vaccines against pathogens of multiple serotypes are optimized when all components induce functional antibody, resulting in broadened coverage. While most clinical studies of vaccines against group B Streptococcus (GBS) have evaluated conjugates composed of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) coupled to tetanus toxoid, conjugates prepared with GBS proteins as carriers have also been efficacious in animals. Here, we report that recombinant GBS alpha-like protein 3 (rAlp3) is both a strong immunogen and a viable carrier protein for type III CPS. The type III CPS-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer rose from <100 to 64,000 among mice that received type III CPS coupled to rAlp3 (III-rAlp3) compared with an absence of a specific response among mice that received an uncoupled mixture. Most (94%) newborn pups born to III-rAlp-vaccinated dams survived challenge with viable type III GBS, compared with 43% survival among those born to dams that received the uncoupled mixture (P < 0.0001). A tricomponent conjugate of type III CPS, rAlp3, and a GBS recombinant beta C protein lacking its IgA binding site (III-rAlp3-rBCPΔIgA) provided protection against a serotype III strain and a serotype Ia strain bearing beta C protein. High-titered anti-rAlp3 rabbit serum opsonized Alp3-containing strains of two GBS serotypes (types V and VIII) and invasive type III strains bearing the cross-reactive Rib protein for in vitro killing by human peripheral blood leukocytes. Thus, the potential exists for the inclusion of rAlp3 in a GBS vaccine formulated to provide multiserotype coverage.
Lattice Models of Amphiphilic Assembly

Very complex liquids such as self-assembled fluids present particular challenges and exhibit novel phenomena that distinguish them from simple or even more conventional complex liquids. Consequently, there are philosophical differences in ones approach to their study. For example, one is often more interested in the unveiling of some interesting phenomena or trend rather than calculation of some very detailed property. This is fortunate since it is still not really feasible to study a truly molecular theory.
Developmental expression of intracellular targets of cGMP in rat visual cortex and alteration with dark rearing

We describe the temporal pattern of mRNA expression of some of the molecular components of the NO/cGMP second messenger system in the developing rat visual cortex and the effect of dark rearing on their expression levels using semiquantitative RT-PCR. mRNA expression for these molecules was altered by dark rearing in one of three ways: (1) no change--rod, olfactory, and cone/testis CNG channels, nonselective cation channels gated by cyclic nucleotides and highly permeable to Ca2+; (2) decrease--cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases which regulate cyclic nucleotide levels, and soluble guanylyl cyclase, the key synthetic enzyme producing cGMP and potently activated by nitric oxide; and (3) increase--cGMP kinase 1, a key enzyme activated by cGMP to phosphorylate a variety of intracellular proteins including cytoskeletal elements. These data suggest important and distinct roles for the cGMP system in both early and late developmental events in the rat visual cortex.
From disinvestment to reinvestment: Tax arrears and turning points in the east village

Abstract The gentrification process is often conceived as establishing a ‘new urban frontier’. Despite the dismissive cultural connotations of this imagery there may be an underlying economic rationale to the frontier theme. After a discussion of the dynamics of disinvestment in the housing market and the relationship between disinvestment and reinvestment, we analyse tax arrears data in order to investigate the turning point when disinvestment is superseded by reinvestment in New York City's East Village. We establish a technique for identifying the historical and geographical origins of reinvestment associated with gentrification and for tracing the geographical diffusion of this process in the urban landscape. In the East Village, the closing of the gentrification frontier line occurred much earlier than is generally thought.
Anchoring and adjustment during social inferences

Simulation theories of social cognition suggest that people use their own mental states to understand those of others-particularly similar others. However, perceivers cannot rely solely on self-knowledge to understand another person; they must also correct for differences between the self and others. Here we investigated serial adjustment as a mechanism for correction from self-knowledge anchors during social inferences. In 3 studies, participants judged the attitudes of a similar or dissimilar person and reported their own attitudes. For each item, we calculated the discrepancy between responses for the self and other. The adjustment process unfolds serially, so to the extent that individuals indeed anchor on self-knowledge and then adjust away, trials with a large amount of self-other discrepancy should be associated with longer response times, whereas small self-other discrepancy should correspond to shorter response times. Analyses consistently revealed this positive linear relationship between reaction time and self-other discrepancy, evidence of anchoring-and-adjustment, but only during judgments of similar targets. These results suggest that perceivers mentalize about similar others using the cognitive process of anchoring-and-adjustment.
The Added Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Evaluation of Patients with Esthesioneuroblastoma

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in esthesioneuroblastoma staging and restaging and quantify the additional benefit of PET/CT to conventional imaging. Methods: A retrospective review was performed with institutional review board approval for patients with a diagnosis of esthesioneuroblastoma who underwent PET/CT from 2000 to 2010. PET/CT results were retrospectively reviewed by 2 radiologists who were unaware of the clinical and imaging data. Positive imaging findings were classified into 3 categories: local disease, cervical nodal spread, and distant metastasis. All conventional imaging performed in the 6 mo preceding PET/CT, and the medical records, were reviewed to determine the potential added value. Results: Twenty-eight patients (mean age, 52.3 ± 10 y; range, 23–81 y) were identified who underwent a total of 77 PET/CT examinations. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was 8.68 ± 4.75 (range, 3.6–23.3) for the primary tumor and 8.57 ± 6.46 (range, 1.9–27.2) for the metastatic site. There was no clear association between primary tumor SUVmax and tumor grade (P = 0.30). Compared with conventional imaging, PET/CT changed disease stage or altered clinical management in 11 (39%) of 28 esthesioneuroblastoma patients. Of these, 10 (36%) of 28 were upstaged on the basis of their PET/CT studies. Cervical nodal metastases were found in 5 (18%) of 28, local recurrence in 2 (7%) of 28, cervical nodal and distant metastases in 2 (7%) of 28, and distant metastases in 1 (4%) of 28. One patient (4%) was downstaged after negative findings on PET/CT. Conclusion: PET/CT is a useful adjunct to conventional imaging in the initial staging and restaging of esthesioneuroblastoma by detecting nodal and distant metastatic disease not demonstrated by conventional imaging and identifying local recurrence hidden by treatment changes on conventional imaging.
Design and evaluation of an inexpensive radiation shield for monitoring surface air temperatures

a b s t r a c t Inexpensive temperature sensors are widely used in agricultural and forestry research. This paper describes a low-cost (∼3 USD) radiation shield (radshield) designed for monitoring surface air tem- peratures in harsh outdoor environments. We compared the performance of the radshield paired with low-cost temperature sensors at three sites in western Montana to several types of commercially available instruments. Comparisons included observations made under a tree canopy and in full sun with both pas- sive and mechanically aspirated radiation shields. Beneath a forest canopy, temperature sensors housed within the radshield showed bias of less than 0.5 ◦ C for hourly temperatures when compared with the same sensors housed in an unaspirated Gill-style shield. Sensors and shields mounted on poles in full sun were slightly warmer under low-wind conditions, but overall were cooler than data from an adjacent Remote Automated Weather Station (RAWS). When compared with observations from a high-quality temperature sensor housed in a mechanically aspirated solar radiation shield used in the Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS), observations from inexpensive temperature sensors housed within radshields were biased with mean absolute error of 0.99 ◦C, but performed as well as those housed within a more expensive, commercially available Gill-style radiation shield. Our initial evaluation suggests that the radshield, instrumented with a low-cost sensor is suitable for monitoring surface air temperatures across a range of outdoor environments. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Integrated semiconductor fluorescent detection system for biochip and biomedical applications

As biological analysis systems scale to smaller dimensions, the realization of small and portable biosensors becomes increasingly important. The innovation of integrated fluorescence sensors is now possible due to the development of optoelectronics over the past decade. We present the monolithic integration of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, PIN photo-detectors and optical emission filters to be used as a fluorescence sensor. The integration will drastically reduce cost and size of fluorescence detection systems. Also, parallel sensing architectures of more than one hundred channels will be possible. The sensor will be utilized for near-IR fluorescence detection. This spectral range is compatible with standard AlGaAs optoelectronic technology and will also reduce background fluorescence from complex bio-fluids such as blood. PIN heterostructure photodetectors have been fabricated and tested. Photodetector experiments show extremely low dark current of less than 500fA/mm, quantum efficiency greater than 85 percent and linear detector response. Optical simulations predict a detection sensitivity lower than 10000 fluorescent molecules in a detection area of 104 micrometers 2.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A discrete generalized hyperchaotic Henon map circuit

This paper describes a discrete-component electronic implementation of a discrete-time hyperchaotic generalized Henon map with analog states. The relatively simple circuit design uses commonly available parts and is readily constructed. Initial analysis of experimental results indicates that the circuit is functional.