cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of magnetic helicity

Magnetic fields in various astrophysical settings may be helical and, in the cosmological context, may provide a measure of primordial CP violation during baryogenesis. Yet it is difficult, even in principle, to devise a scheme by which magnetic helicity may be detected, except in some very special systems. We propose that charged cosmic rays originating from known sources may be useful for this purpose. We show that the correlator of the arrival momenta of the cosmic rays is sensitive to the helicity of an intervening magnetic field. If the sources themselves are not known, the method may still be useful provided we have some knowledge of their spatial distribution.
Simultaneous EUS-guided transbulbar pancreaticobiliary drainage (with video)

balloon-occluding catheter must remain in position for several hours to allow maximal variceal sclerosis. An endoscopic-interventional radiologic approach that combines endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection with angiographic balloon occlusion of SRS to minimize the risk of glue embolism has been described.5 To our knowledge, his is the first report of such a procedure performed in the nited States, albeit with differences in technique, type of yanoacrylate used, and injection volume. SRS occlusion lso maximizes GV obturation by reducing variceal blood ow and allowing relative stasis, which facilitates glue olymerization. Unlike sclerosing agents, cyanoacrylate romotes prompt and effective obturation of GV6 without he adverse effects of large-volume sclerosant instillation. n addition, the balloon-occluding catheter can be reoved soon after variceal injection because GV solidificaion occurs rapidly. This technique seems to be a safe and ffective treatment for bleeding GV in patients with known Figure 3. Endoscopic appearance of obliterated fundal varices (confirmed by Doppler probe) at 1-month follow-up (arrow).
Optimization of MPI_Allreduce on the blue Gene/Q supercomputer

The IBM Blue Gene/Q supercomputer has a 5D torus network where each node is connected to ten bi-directional links. In this paper we present techniques to optimize the MPI_Allreduce collective operation by building ten different edge disjoint spanning trees on the ten torus links. We accelerate summing of network packets with local buffers by the use of Quad Processing SIMD unit in the BG/Q cores and executing the sums on multiple communication threads created by the PAMI libraries. The net gain we achieve is a peak throughput of 6.3 GB/sec for double precision floating point sum allreduce, that is a speedup of 3.75x over the collective network based algorithm in the product MPI stack on BG/Q.
Acute and Chronic Effects of Morphine under a Progressive-Ratio 25 Schedule of Food Delivery

The present study examined the effects of morphine in pigeons responding under a progressive-ratio 25 schedule of food delivery. Morphine initially reduced response rates and breaking points. With chronic exposure, tolerance developed to these effects. The magnitude of the observed tolerance was not obviously different from that previously reported under a PR 5 schedule of food delivery. In addition, when drug effects were compared under the fixed-ratio 25 and fixed-ratio 100 components comprised by the progressive-ratio schedule, comparable tolerance was observed. Although prior studies using other procedures have shown that ratio size modulates the development of tolerance to morphine and other drugs, the present data suggest that this relation is constrained, and is not easily observed under progressive-ratio schedules.
PECVD of boron carbide/aromatic composite films: Precursor stability and resonance stabilization energy

Abstract Semiconducting composite films have been formed by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) from orthocarborane and aromatic precursors. Aromatic/orthocarborane composite films exhibit exciting potential in areas such as neutron detection and photocatalysis. An important factor in determining the electronic properties of these materials is the existence of an intact π system in the deposited film, indicating deposition of a (more or less) intact aromatic precursor. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data for films formed by co-deposition of orthocarborane and pyrimidine, pyridine, aniline, indicate that the integrity or decomposition of the aromatic π electron network correlates closely with aromatic resonance stabilization energy. The resonance stabilization energy of pyrimidine is low (8 kcal/mol), and the resulting films exhibit no evidence of a π network. Pyridine and aniline have resonance stabilization energies of 24.2 and 39.5 kcal/mol, respectively, and both exhibit FTIR and XPS core level shakeup features indicating intact π networks. This trend permits the prediction of film properties for a broad variety of aromatic precursors in such films.
Chemical Strengthening of Glass: Lessons Learned and Yet To Be Learned

This paper reviews the progress that has been made in our understanding of the chemical strengthening of glass by ion exchange over its nearly five decades of history. Lessons learned are briefly discussed; more importantly, those which are yet to be learned are highlighted. It is recognized that, except for detailed compositional effects, the kinetics of ion interdiffusion process and the chemical strengthening technology are reasonably well understood. However, the science of stress generation and its concurrent relaxation is far from being clear despite the elegant analogy to thermal stresses invoked by Cooper. The need to understand plasticity of glass network during accommodation of a larger invading ion is emphasized. In turn, the influence of network topology on its yield strength in shear as well as hydrostatic modes is recognized. For expanded applications under extreme conditions of loading, damage evolution in chemically strengthened glass needs to be studied. Such a study is linked to our understanding of the terms “strength,”“hardness,”“toughness,” and “brittleness” of glass.
Sequencing and de novo assembly of the western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus) transcriptome.

Background: Mirid plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) are economically important insect pests of many crops worldwide. The western tarnished plant bug Lygus hesperus Knight is a pest of cotton, alfalfa, fruit and vegetable crops, and potentially of several emerging biofuel and natural product feedstocks in the western US. However, little is known about the underlying molecular genetics, biochemistry, or physiology of L. hesperus, including their ability to survive extreme environmental conditions. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used 454 pyrosequencing of a normalized adult cDNA library and de novo assembly to obtain an adult L. hesperus transcriptome consisting of 1,429,818 transcriptomic reads representing 36,131 transcript isoforms (isotigs) that correspond to 19,742 genes. A search of the transcriptome against deposited L. hesperus protein sequences revealed that 86 out of 87 were represented. Comparison with the non-redundant database indicated that 54% of the transcriptome exhibited similarity (e-value #1 25 ) with known proteins. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) terms, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations, and potential Pfam domains were assigned to each transcript isoform. To gain insight into the molecular basis of the L. hesperus thermal stress response we used transcriptomic sequences to identify 52 potential heat shock protein (Hsp) homologs. A subset of these transcripts was sequence verified and their expression response to thermal stress monitored by semi-quantitative PCR. Potential homologs of Hsp70, Hsp40, and 2 small Hsps were found to be upregulated in the heat-challenged adults, suggesting a role in thermotolerance. Conclusions/Significance: The L. hesperus transcriptome advances the underlying molecular understanding of this arthropod pest by significantly increasing the number of known genes, and provides the basis for further exploration and understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of abiotic stress responses.
Temporal trends of stress myocardial perfusion imaging: Influence of diabetes, gender and coronary artery disease status

Abstract Introduction Temporal trends of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) among diabetics and non-diabetics and the influence of gender and prior coronary artery disease (CAD) status has not been previously investigated. Materials and methods Consecutive patients who underwent clinically indicated stress-MPI over a 17-year period (1996 through 2012) were studied. Data were collected prospectively as a part of the ongoing clinical databases. Study patients were divided into 4 temporal subgroups (1996 to 2000, 2001 to 2004, 2005 to 2008 and 2009 to 2012) to compare the trends of cardiac risk factors and the frequency of abnormal and ischemic MPI. Results Of 78,344 total stress MPI studies, 30.2% were in diabetics. The frequency of abnormal MPI studies, while substantially higher in diabetics, significantly declined over time both in diabetics (53.6% in 1996 to 39.8% in 2012) and non-diabetics (37% in 1996 to 27.4% in 2012), despite an increase in the cardiac risk factor profile. Furthermore, among patients with no known CAD, the temporal prevalence of abnormal MPI was highest in diabetic men (57.5% in 1996 to 31.9% in 2012), lowest in non-diabetic women (18.8% in 1996 to 11% in 2012), and both intermediate and comparable in non-diabetic men and diabetic women (36.4% and 35.7% in 1996 and 20.7% and 17.5% in 2012, respectively). Conclusions Despite a temporal reduction in the prevalence of abnormal studies from 1996 through 2012, stress MPI continues to play an important clinical role, particularly in diabetics, men and patients with known-CAD.
Novel Three-Dimensional Packaging Approaches Using Magnetically Aligned Anisotropic Conductive Adhesive for Microwave Applications

Upon the application of a magnetic field, ferromagnetic particles will self-align along the field lines of the applied field. Rods are thus formed that can grow until they are stopped by a substrate after application of a material and at the angle of the applied field. The dynamic growth of the columns is beneficial for implementing packages with complicated three-dimensional system integration. The growth of the rods, internal to the material, has the ability to adapt to the gap between pads or even an angle between the substrates. In this work, we demonstrate these advantages by showing multilayer interconnects as well as angled connections for three-dimensional vertical chip stacking concepts. Four layers of silicon on top of each other were integrated with multilayer interconnects and the RF performance is demonstrated. In addition, we implemented a novel three-dimensional packaging structure for a horizontal-to-vertical plane transition, with the performance evaluated for a variety of angles. Consequently, the Z-axis anisotropic conductive adhesive is shown to be a suitable solution to implement advanced three-dimensional integrated microwave applications.
Contact Pyrolysis in a “Pyrolysis Mill”

Conventional pyrolysis produces charcoal, pyrolysis oil and gas in approximately equal proportions. However fast pyrolysis has the potential for producing over 60% of an organic pyrolysis oil from biomass. The oil can be used as a low grade boiler fuel or the vapors can be converted to gasoline-like fuels.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE PANCREATIC ISLETS1

Pancreatic islets have been studied by the electron microscopy of ultrathin sections in mature guinea pigs and cats. Alpha cells contain specific granules which are notably dense after fixation with osmium tetroxide. Their substance is homogeneous. They are enclosed within a vacuolar membrane. Other organelles such as the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, RNA granules and mitochondria are present inconspicuously, and without particular specialization. Beta cells of the cat and guinea pig differ in important respects. In the cat the specific granules contain an angular crystalloid element. The homologous structure in the guinea pig is spherical. These granules are enclosed in membranous envelopes. The densityof the granules is substantially less than those of alpha cells. Beta cells also differ from alpha cells in having a richer development of the endoplasmic reticular system, Golgi apparatus and RNA granules. The guinea pig beta cells also show a marked polarization of organelles.
Termination Factor Rho and Its Cofactors NusA and NusG Silence Foreign DNA in E. coli

Transcription of the bacterial genome by the RNA polymerase must terminate at specific points. Transcription can be terminated by Rho factor, an essential protein in enterobacteria. We used the antibiotic bicyclomycin, which inhibits Rho, to assess its role on a genome-wide scale. Rho is revealed as a global regulator of gene expression that matches Escherichia coli transcription to translational needs. We also found that genes in E. coli that are most repressed by Rho are prophages and other horizontally acquired portions of the genome. Elimination of these foreign DNA elements increases resistance to bicyclomycin. Although rho remains essential, such reduced-genome bacteria no longer require Rho cofactors NusA and NusG. Deletion of the cryptic rac prophage in wild-type E. coli increases bicyclomycin resistance and permits deletion of nusG. Thus, Rho termination, supported by NusA and NusG, is required to suppress the toxic activity of foreign genes.
Comparative Pathology in Ferrets Infected with H1N1 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Different Hosts

Virus replication and pulmonary disease pathogenesis in ferrets following intranasal infection with a pandemic influenza virus strain (A/California/4/09 [CA09]), a human seasonal influenza H1N1 virus isolate (A/New Caledonia/20/99 [Ncal99]), a classical swine influenza H1N1 virus isolate (A/Swine/Iowa/15/30 [Sw30]), or an avian H1N1 virus isolate (A/Mallard/MN/A108-2355/08 [Mal08]) were compared. Nasal wash virus titers were similar for Ncal99 and Sw30, with peak virus titers of 10(5.1) 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID(50))/ml and 10(5.5) TCID(50)/ml occurring at day 3 postinfection (p.i.), respectively. The mean peak titer for CA09 also occurred at day 3 p.i. but was higher (10(7) TCID(50)/ml). In contrast, the peak virus titers (10(3.6) to 10(4.3) TCID(50)/ml) for Mal08 were delayed, occurring between days 5 and 7 p.i. Disease pathogenesis was characterized by microscopic lesions in the nasal turbinates and lungs of all ferrets; however, Sw30 infection was associated with severe bronchointerstitial pneumonia. The results demonstrate that although CA09 is highly transmissible in the human population and replicates well in the ferret model, it causes modest disease compared to other H1N1 viruses, particularly Sw30 infection.
Properties of resonance states in H

Using hyperspherical coordinates and a Born-Oppenheimer-type expansion, the potential curves of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ that converge to the $n=1$ and $n=2$ thresholds of hydrogen are obtained. From the computed potential curves, the properties of bound states, Feshbach resonances, and shape resonances are conveniently studied.
Regulation of Long-Chain N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactones in Agrobacterium vitis

Homologs of quorum-sensing luxR and luxI regulatory genes, avsR and avsI, were identified in Agrobacterium vitis strain F2/5. Compared to other LuxI proteins from related species, the deduced AvsI shows the greatest identity to SinI (71%) from Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm1021. AvsR possesses characteristic autoinducer binding and helix-turn-helix DNA binding domains and shares a high level of identity with SinR (38%) from Rm1021. Site-directed mutagenesis of avsR and avsI was performed, and both genes are essential for hypersensitive-like response (HR) and necrosis. Two hypothetical proteins (ORF1 and ORF2) that are positioned downstream of avsR-avsI are also essential for the phenotypes. Profiles of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) isolated from the wild type and mutants revealed that disruption of avsI, ORF1, or ORF2 abolished the production of long-chain AHLs. Disruption of avsR reduces long-chain AHLs. Expression of a cloned avsI gene in A. tumefaciens strain NT1 resulted in synthesis of long-chain AHLs. The necrosis and HR phenotypes of the avsI and avsR mutants were fully complemented with cloned avsI. The addition of synthetic AHLs (C16:1 and 3-O-C16:1) complemented grape necrosis in the avsR, avsI, ORF1, and ORF2 mutants. It was determined by reverse transcriptase PCR that the expression level of avsI is regulated by avsR but not by aviR or avhR, two other luxR homologs which were previously shown to be associated with induction of a tobacco hypersensitive response and grape necrosis. We further verified that avsR regulates avsI by measuring the expression of an avsI::lacZ fusion construct.
Regulation of the AKAP79-Protein Kinase C Interaction by Ca2+/Calmodulin

The A kinase-anchoring protein AKAP79 coordinates the location of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A), calcineurin, and protein kinase C (PKC) at the postsynaptic densities in neurons. Individual enzymes in the AKAP79 signaling complex are regulated by distinct second messenger signals; however, both PKC and calcineurin are inhibited when associated with the anchoring protein, suggesting that additional regulatory signals must be required to release active enzyme. This report focuses on the regulation of AKAP79PKC interaction by calmodulin. AKAP79 binds calmodulin with high affinity (KD of 28 6 4n M ( n 53)) in aC a 2 1 -dependent manner. Immunofluorescence staining shows that both proteins exhibit overlapping staining patterns in cultured hippocampal neurons. Calmodulin reversed the inhibition of PKCbII by the AKAP79(31‐52) peptide and reduced inhibition by the full-length AKAP79 protein. The effect of calmodulin on inhibition of a constitutively active PKC fragment by the AKAP79(31‐52) peptide was shown to be partially dependent on Ca 21 .C a 2 1 /calmodulin reduced PKC coimmunoprecipitated with AKAP79 and resulted in a 2.6 6 0.5-fold (n 5 6) increase in PKC activity in a preparation of postsynaptic densities. Collectively, these findings suggest that Ca 21 /calmodulin competes with PKC for binding to AKAP79, releasing the inhibited kinase from its association with the anchoring protein.
An approach to software product testing

An approach is presented that uses the following techniques: automatic test case generation, self-checking test cases, black box test cases, random test cases, sampling, a form of exhaustive testing, correctness measurements, and the correction of defects in the test cases instead of in the product (defect circumvention). The techniques are cost-effective and have been applied to very large products. >
B Cell–deficient Mice Display Markedly Enhanced Resistance to the Intracellular Bacterium Brucella abortus

Background. Brucella species are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause lifelong infections in humans and livestock. Methods. Here we evaluated the contribution of B cells in control of murine brucellosis in the more susceptible BALB/c and the more resistant C57BL/6 mice by infecting B cell–deficient mice. Results. Strikingly, in the absence of B cells in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, 99% and 99.5% of the infection found in wild type mice was cleared, respectively. This augmented clearance was not reversed in either strain by passive transfer of immune serum. In C57BL/6 mice, the clearance of infection coincided with an increase in interferon c (IFN-c)–producing CD4 and CD8 T cells and a reduction in interleukin 10 (IL-10)–producing cells. In BALB/c mice, this clearance was IFN-c-dependent, as B cell/IFN-c dual knockout mice were unable to clear the infection, and was inversely related to the levels of transforming growth factor b (TGF-b). Furthermore, B cells were found to produce TGF-b and IL-10 during early stages of infection in BALB/c wild-type and C57BL/6 wild-type mice, respectively. Conclusions. Thus, we demonstrate that the establishment of the high plateau phase of infection is dependent on non-antibody-mediated B cell effector mechanisms, including B regulatory functions, during murine brucellosis.
Studies in perturbation theory. XI - Lower bounds to energy eigenvalues, ground state, and excited states.

The bracketing theorem in the partitioning technique for solving the Schrodinger equation may be used in principle to determine upper and lower bounds to energy eigenvalues. Practical lower bounds of any accuracy desired may be evaluated by utilizing the properties of ``inner projections'' on finite manifolds in the Hilbert space. The method is here applied to the ground state and excited states of a Hamiltonian H=H0+V having a positive definite perturbation V. Even if inspiration is derived from the method of intermediate Hamiltonians, the final results are of bracketing type and independent of this approach. The method is numerically illustrated in some accompanying papers.
40-Year Follow-Up After the Fontan Operation: Long-Term Outcomes of 1,052 Patients

Background There are limited long-term, single-cohort, follow-up studies available about patients after the Fontan operation. Objectives This study sought to determine the long-term outcome of all patients who had a Fontan operation at the Mayo Clinic. Methods Records of all patients who had a modified Fontan operation between 1973 and 2012 were reviewed. A follow-up questionnaire was mailed to all patients alive at the time of the study. Results Overall, 10-, 20-, and 30-year survival for 1,052 patients was 74%, 61%, and 43%, respectively. Factors associated with decreased overall or late survival in multivariate analysis included pre-operative diuretic use, longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, operation prior to 1991, atrioventricular valve (AVV) replacement at the time of Fontan operation, elevated post-bypass Fontan (>20 mm Hg) or left atrial (>13 mm Hg) pressures, prolonged chest tube drainage (>21 days), post-operative ventricular arrhythmias, renal insufficiency, and development of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). Pre-operative and intraoperative sinus rhythm were associated with improved survival. Long-term survival was similar for patients regardless of ventricular morphology. The most common reoperations were pacemaker insertion/revision in 212 patients (20%), Fontan revision/conversion in 117 patients (11%), and AVV repair/replacement in 66 patients (5%). Clinically significant late atrial or ventricular arrhythmias occurred in 468 patients (44%). Ninety-five patients (9%) developed PLE, and 5-, 10-, and 20-year survival after diagnosis of PLE was 50%, 35%, and 19%, respectively. Conclusions As the surgical techniques for the Fontan operation have changed over the last 40 years, survival has improved. However, development of PLE and arrhythmias and the need for reoperation during long-term follow-up pose significant management challenges.
Towards a Peopled Ethnography Developing Theory from Group Life

This article argues for a distinctive form of participant observation which I label peopled ethnography. I contrast this to two alternative ethnographic approaches, the personal ethnography and the...
US Navy's Superconductivity Programs Scientific Curiosity to Fleet Utility

The US Navy's interest in superconductivity began shortly after World War II when programs at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) began exploring the science of superconducting materials. Throughout the 1950's and 1960's these programs discovered new superconducting materials and added much to the basic understanding of the phenomenon. Technology development programs began in the late 1960's with major efforts at ONR, NRL, and the Navy's Warfare Centers. Development of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) used to detect underwater mines and submarines began at the Warfare Center in Panama City, FL in 1969. At the same time scientists and engineers at the Warfare Center in Annapolis, MD began their own technology efforts to develop quiet, high power density ship propulsion motors. ONR and NRL expanded their programs to include superconducting electronics as well as efforts to develop technologically useful materials (films and wires) for the Navy's technology programs. The Navy's superconductivity efforts accelerated rapidly after the discovery of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials. A major effort led by NRL developed and launched HTS electronic devices and subsystems into space. The Navy Warfare Center in San Diego and ONR/NRL began programs developing low loss filters for electronic communications as well as the development of fast, low power superconducting digital devices. Navy scientists led industrial programs for development of full scale HTS ship propulsion motors and HTS filters for communication systems. As the 21st century began, the Navy started to develop superconducting systems for fleet implementation. The first ship to use a superconducting system was the USS Higgins that used superconducting cables in a degaussing system (2008).
A DNS study of effects of particle-particle collisions and two-way coupling on particle deposition and phasic fluctuations

This study is concerned with the effects of particle–particle collisions and the two-way coupling on the dispersed and carrier phase turbulence fluctuations in a channel flow. The time history of the instantaneous turbulent velocity vector was generated by the two-way coupled direct numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations via a pseudo-spectral method. The particle equation of motion included the wall-corrected nonlinear drag force and the wall-induced and shear-induced lift force. The effect of particles on the flow was included in the analysis via a feedback force that acted on the computational grid points. Several simulations for different particle relaxation times and particle mass loadings were performed, and the effects of particle–particle collisions, particle feedback force and inter-particle interactions on the particle deposition velocity, fluid and particle fluctuating velocities, and particle concentration profiles were determined. The effect of particle aerodynamic interactions was also examined for certain cases.The simulation results indicated that when particle–particle collisions were included in the computation but two-way coupling effects were ignored, the particle normal fluctuating velocity increased in the wall region causing an increase in the particle deposition velocity. When the particle collisions were neglected but the particle–fluid two-way coupling effects were accounted for, the two-way coupling and the particle normal fluctuating velocity decreased near the wall causing a decrease in the particle deposition velocity. In the case of the four-way coupling in which both inter-particle collisions and two-way coupling effects were present, it was found that the particle deposition velocity increased compared with the one-way coupling case. When the particle aerodynamic interactions were added to the four-way coupled case (termed six-way coupled case), no significant changes in the mean fluid and particle velocities and the fluid and particle fluctuating velocities were obtained.The results for the particle concentration profile indicated that the inclusion of two-way coupling or inter-particle collisions into the computation reduced the accumulation of particles near the wall. It was also observed that particle–particle collisions and two-way coupling weakened the preferential distribution of particles.
Sonographic biometry in the early third trimester: A comparison of parameters to predict macrosomia at birth.

Purpose To compare the estimated fetal weight (EFW), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL), measured on sonographic (US) examinations at 28–34 weeks of gestation to determine the best predictor of macrosomia at birth. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 3,857 consecutive, term, singleton pregnancies. The AC, FL, and EFW were compared with birth weights (BW) of >4,000 g and >4,500 g. Results There was a statistically significant association between the AC and FL and a BW > 4,000 g or >4,500 g (p 90th percentile. There was no statistically significant association between an EFW in the >90th percentile and either BW cutoff. An AC in the >90th percentile alone was the best predictor for macrosomia at birth, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 75%, 74%, 24%, and 96%, respectively (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 73–76%, 73–76%, 23–26%, and 96–97%, respectively), for a BW > 4,000 g. When an AC in the >90th percentile was used to predict a BW > 4,500 g, the sensitivity improved to 88%, but the positive predictive value fell to 5%. Receiver operating characteristic curves comparing the distributions of stratified AC values for BW cutoffs of 4,000 and 4,500 g found the highest areas under the curve of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.77–0.82) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83–0.90), respectively. Conclusions An AC in the >90th percentile at 28–34 weeks' gestation is the best sonographic predictor of macrosomia at birth. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:243–248, 2015
Workflow and cooperative problem solving in civil infrastructure management

The goals of Project CITY (Civil Infostructure TechnologY) are to provide a technology demonstration of information infrastructure for civil infrastructure management and to demonstrate the Team Engineering Analysis and Modeling (TEAM) methodology in the analysis, design, and evaluation of that information infrastructure. The community of practice of Project CITY is the Public Works Division at a major Army installation. This paper focuses on three concurrent aspects of the project: 1) Task analyses and knowledge requirements of the community; 2) Systematic surveys of the community with respect to interdependence, workflow, coordination, and technology use; and 3) Candidate technologies for coordination and information sharing in distributed systems (e.g., SWIFT, ACE, and ISAM).
An Operational, Diagnostic Surface Energy Budget Model

Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing appreciation of the importance of land–atmosphere interactions in determining the state of the boundary layer. To examine this phenomenon in more detail, a new technique has been developed to evaluate the surface energy budget during the daytime from standard meteorological observations. Using only Oklahoma Mesonetwork (Mesonet) data at 5- and 30-min intervals as input, the technique calculates net radiation (Rn), ground heat flux (G), and latent heat flux (LE). The sensible heat flux (H) is calculated as a residual. The Rn term is calculated using observed values of downwelling shortwave radiation, an improved method of estimating downwelling longwave radiation, and simple parameterizations of upwelling shortwave and longwave radiation. The modeled values of Rn are unbiased and are consistently within 25 W m−2 of observed values. Ground heat flux, which is the combination of a 5-cm soil flux term and a storage term, was difficult to verify without prior ...
Breed Differences in Plasma Progesterone Concentration in the Bovine during Proestrus

Jugular vein blood was obtained from nine Angus and ten Hereford cows at 12-hr intervals for4 or 5 days preceding estrus. Plasma progesterone concentrations fell from values ranging from 4 to 15 ng/ml to 1 ng/ml, or below, over a period that lasted from 12 to 84 hr. Following the period of decline, 24 to 72 hr elapsed before onset of estrus. Estrous cycles were longer (21.7 days versus 20.0 days) in Angus than Hereford, and the length of the period of minimum concentrations of plasma progesterone preceding estrus (preestrous trough), based on three separate criteria, was also significantly longer in Angus, These results indicate a genetic source of variation in the length of the preestrous trough ofplasma progesterone.
Santo Tomás de Villanueva y algunos hitos en el camino de don Quijote y Sancho

Tanto Bataillon como Canavaggio han afirmado el interes de Cervantes por la hagiografia, que se refleja en su comedia de santos El rufian dichoso. La trama recalca una eleccion entre una vida de salteador o de santo. Ya que don Quijote y Sancho efectivamente han hecho con frecuencia el papel de salteadores, no sorprende que el despistado hidalgo finalmente reconozca su error y siga los consejos de Sancho de imitar a los santos, con especial enfasis en San Pablo. Para que al lector espanol contemporaneo le resulte mas accesible este modelo antiguo, remeda Cervantes en las acciones de sus protagonistas un buen numero de conductas especificas sacadas de la biografia de 1588 de Santo Tomas de Villanueva del Campo de Montiel (escenario de gran parte de la novela), quien era muy admirado como ejemplo moral por Quevedo.
Tailoring in risk communication by linking risk profiles and communication preferences: the case of speeding of young car drivers

Speeding is one of the most relevant risk behaviors for serious and fatal accidents, particularly among young drivers. This study presents a tailoring strategy for anti-speeding communication. By referring to their motivational dispositions toward speeding derived from motivational models of health behavior, young car drivers were segmented into different risk groups. In order to ensure that risk communication efforts would actually be capable to target these groups, the linkage between the risk profiles and communication preferences were explored. The study was conducted on the basis of survey data of 1168 German car drivers aged between 17 and 24 years. The data reveal four types of risk drivers significantly differing in their motivational profiles. Moreover, the findings show significant differences in communication habits and media use between these risk groups. By linking the risk profiles and communication preferences, implications for tailoring strategies of road safety communication campaigns are derived. Promising segmentation and targeting strategies are discussed also beyond the current case of anti-speeding campaigns.
Influence of Mating on Attractiveness of Female Codling Moths

The codling moth, Laspcyresia pomonella (L.), is a polygamous insect. Females collected in blacklight traps and molasses-bait traps in the Yakima, Wash., area over a 3-year period mated an average 1.57 times, 21% mated 3–11 times, and only 7% were unmated. The plural matings implied that the female attracted the male on each occasion by releasing a sex pheromone. Then, if mated females were qualitatively as attractive as virgin females, the special precautions taken to obtain virgin stock for use in sex attractant traps could be eliminated. However, we had also observed that females stopped attracting males immediately after the onset of copulation, which fact would indicate reduced attractancy. This diminution in attractiveness would be of special importance when a male was caged with the females used as lures. A test was therefore made at the Arid Areas Deciduous Fruit Insects Investigations Laboratory, Yakima, to obtain more information about the attractiveness of mated females and the effect males have on the attractiveness of virgin females used as bait in traps.
Theoretical investigation of edge reconstruction in the ν = 5 2 and 7 3 fractional quantum Hall states

The edge physics of the $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ fractional quantum Hall state is of relevance to several recent experiments that use it as a probe to gain insight into the nature of the bulk state. We perform calculations in a semirealistic setup with positive background charge at a distance $d$, by exact diagonalization both in the full Hilbert space (neglecting Landau level mixing) and in the restricted Pfaffian basis of edge excitations. Our principal finding is that the $5/2$ edge is unstable to a reconstruction except for very small $d$. In addition, the interactions between the electrons in the second Landau level and the lowest Landau level enhance the tendency toward edge reconstruction. We identify the bosonic and fermionic modes of edge excitations and obtain their dispersions by back-calculating from the energy spectra as well as directly from appropriate trial wave functions. We find that the edge reconstruction is driven by an instability in the fermionic sector for setback distances close to the critical ones. We also study the edge of the $\ensuremath{\nu}=7/3$ state and find that edge reconstruction occurs here more readily than for the $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/3$ state. Our study indicates that the $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ and $7/3$ edge states are reconstructed for all experimental systems investigated so far and, thus, must be taken into account when analyzing experimental results. We also consider an effective field theory to gain insight into how edge reconstruction might influence various observable quantities.
Impact of High Charge-Collection Efficiencies and Dark Energy-Loss Processes on Transport, Recombination, and Photovoltaic Properties of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

We report on the relationships between the energy-loss processes in the dark, charge-collection efficiency and photocurrent density–voltage characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The charge-collection efficiencies (ηcc) of the DSSCs with different electrolytes were close to 100%. Despite the high ηcc values, the DSSCs showed significant loss of photocurrent density and power density resulting from dark processes associated with the exchange current density J0 at the TiO2/electrolyte interface, series resistance of the cells, and diode ideality factor. Even in DSSCs with high ηcc values, making recombination slower and transport faster in the dark would reduce these losses. The opposing effects of J0 and light absorption properties of DSSCs were found to determine the optimum film thickness (Lopt) for the highest output power density. These effects also explain why Lopt is generally much less than the electron diffusion length.
Endothelial Lining of Dacron Prostheses of Porcine Thoracic Aortas.

SummaryProstheses of knitted, crimped dacron, some with and some without gelatin impregnation, were placed in the thoracic aortas of 17 young pigs. The prostheses replaced excised segments of aortas, 4 to 6 cm long, and were left in place for 7 to 139 days. “En face” and pellicle silver preparations revealed complete endothelial covering of the surface of a prosthesis after 7 days.
Mechanism and Kinetics of Cementation Processes

The physics of cementation processes (metal displacement) have been analyzed. An important effect of the intermediate species, hydrogen, H+, and hydride, H−, on the mechanism of cementation has been shown. The possibility of either diffusional or migrational (electric current) transport of active species has been suggested. A kinetic model of the cementation migration regime has been developed and partially verified by experimental data.
Individualized Coaching to Improve Teacher Practice Across Grades and Subjects: New Experimental Evidence:

This article analyzes a coaching model focused on classroom management skills and instructional practices across grade levels and subject areas. We describe the design and implementation of MATCH T...
Cost-effectiveness of angiography performed during surgery for ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

PURPOSE To calculate the incremental cost-utility ratio for routine angiography performed during surgery for ruptured cerebral aneurysms. METHODS Decision-tree and Markov analyses based on a cohort simulation were used to determine the incremental cost-utility ratio of routine intraoperative angiography versus no angiography. Input data from the literature were estimated for the following variables: frequency of unexpected aneurysmal rests and branch artery occlusions; annual rate of rehemorrhage of partially clipped aneurysms; prevalence of clinically relevant infarction resulting from branch artery occlusion; efficacy of clip repositioning; morbidity associated with intraoperative angiography; morbidity and mortality associated with aneurysmal rehemorrhage; sensitivity of intraoperative angiography for aneurysmal rests; and costs of intraoperative angiography, added duration of surgery, ischemic cerebral infarction, aneurysmal rehemorrhage, and rehabilitation. Sensitivity analyses were performed for all relevant input variables. A societal perspective was used, and cost-utility ratios less than $50000/quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained were considered acceptable. RESULTS Baseline input variables resulted in an acceptable cost-utility ratio for routine intraoperative angiography ($19000/QALY). The input variables with greatest influence on the cost-utility ratio were frequency of branch artery occlusions, angiographic morbidity, and cost of angiography. However, the cost-utility ratio remained acceptable even over wide ranges of these input variables. Frequency of unexpected partially clipped aneurysms, efficacy of clip repositioning, and costs of stroke, rehemorrhage, and rehabilitation had relatively little impact on the analysis. CONCLUSION Routine intraoperative angiography is cost-effective if performed in a manner consistent with low morbidity in a patient cohort harboring at least some unexpected branch artery occlusions that, if uncorrected, would result in clinically relevant cerebral infarctions.
Advancing patient-centric genomic medicine.

Sorting out the clinical implications of genomic data is going to require extensive or perhaps remarkably extensive clinical correlations; obtaining these clinical data will require the cooperation of our patients.
Association of tumor and plasma microRNA expression with tumor monosomy-3 in patients with uveal melanoma

Epigenetic events mediated by methylation and histone modifications have been associated with the development of metastasis in patients with uveal melanoma. The role of epigenetic events mediated by microRNA (miR) is less clear. Tumor and plasma miR expression was examined in patients with primary uveal melanoma with tumor monosomy-3, a predictor of metastasis. miR profiling of tumors by microarray found six miRs over-expressed and 19 under-expressed in 33 tumors with monosomy-3 compared to 22 without. None of the miRs differentially expressed in tumors with and without monosomy-3 was differentially expressed in tumors with and without tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Tumors manifesting monosomy-3 were also characterized by higher levels of TARBP2 and DDX17 and by lower levels of XPO5 and HIWI, miR biogenesis factors. miR profiling of plasma by a quantitative nuclease protection assay found elevated levels of 11 miRs and reduction in four in patients with tumor monosomy-3. Only three miRs differentially expressed in the tumor arrays were detectable in plasma. miRs implicated in uveal melanoma development were not differentially expressed. Elevated plasma levels in patients with tumor monosomy-3 of miR-92b, identified in the tumor array, and of miR-199-5p and miR-223, identified in the plasma array, were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Levels were also higher in patients compared to normal controls. These results support a role for epigenetic mechanisms in the development of metastasis in patients with uveal melanoma and the analysis of miRs as biomarkers of metastatic risk. They also suggest that potentially useful blood miRs may be derived from the host response as well as the tumor.
Speech analysis and cognition using category-dependent features in a model of the central auditory system

It is well known that machines perform far worse than humans in recognizing speech and audio, especially in noisy environments. One method of addressing this issue of robustness is to study physiological models of the human auditory system and to adopt some of its characteristics in computers. As a first step in studying the potential benefits of an elaborate computational model of the primary auditory cortex (A1) in the central auditory system, we qualitatively and quantitatively validate the model under existing speech processing recognition methodology. Next, we develop new insights and ideas on how to interpret the model, and reveal some of the advantages of its dimension-expansion that may be potentially used to improve existing speech processing and recognition methods. This is done by statistically analyzing the neural responses to various classes of speech signals and forming empirical conjectures on how cognitive information is encoded in a category-dependent manner. We also establish a theoretical framework that shows how noise and signal can be separated in the dimension-expanded cortical space. Finally, we develop new feature selection and pattern recognition methods to exploit the category-dependent encoding of noise-robust cognitive information in the cortical response. Category-dependent features are proposed as features that "specialize" in discriminating specific sets of classes, and as a natural way of incorporating them into a Bayesian decision framework, we propose methods to construct hierarchical classifiers that perform decisions in a two-stage process. Phoneme classification tasks using the TIMIT speech database are performed to quantitatively validate all developments in this work, and the results encourage future work in exploiting high-dimensional data with category(or class)-dependent features for improved classification or detection.
Total knee arthroplasty for treatment of post-traumatic arthritis: Systematic review.

AIM To review and report functional outcomes, complications, and survivorship associated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the treatment of post-traumatic arthritis (PTA).
Temperature moderates the infectiousness of two conspecific Symbiodinium strains isolated from the same host population.

Symbioses between cnidarians and symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium) are ecologically important and physiologically diverse. This diversity contributes to the spatial distribution of specific cnidarian-Symbiodinium associations. Physiological variability also exists within Symbiodinium species, yet we know little regarding its relevance for the establishment of symbiosis under different environmental conditions. Two putatively conspecific Symbiodinium strains (both ITS2-type A4) were isolated from the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida and placed into unialgal culture. Thermal tolerance of these cultures was compared following heating from 26°C to 33.5°C over 18 days. Photosystem II function was negatively impacted by heating in one strain while PSII function in the other showed little response to elevated temperature. Additionally, infection of Symbiodinium cells into aposymbiotic anemones was assessed for both strains at 26°C and 30.5°C. The heat-sensitive strain had greater infection success at 26°C, while there was no difference in infection between the two strains at the higher temperature. Results from this work suggest that variability in thermal optima or -tolerance within Symbiodinium spp. has relevance for early stages of host-Symbiodinium interactions. Thus, varying infectiousness among differentially heat-sensitive Symbiodinium strains could provide a mechanism for the emergence of novel and potentially resilient cnidarian-Symbiodinium associations in a rapidly warming environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The history and processing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for surgical implantation

The purpose of this paper is to provide information about the history and processing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for surgical implantation. UHMWPE has revolutionized the orthopedic industry by providing an excellent bearing surface for implants used in total joint arthroplasties of the hip. This paper discusses the formation of plastics, the steps taken to process UHMWPE, the wear characteristics of UHMWPE, and alternatives to UHMWPE in bearing surfaces