cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First Neonatal Demise with Travel-Associated Zika Virus Infection in the United States of America.

Zika virus is increasingly recognized as a fetal pathogen worldwide. We describe the first case of neonatal demise with travel-associated Zika virus infection in the United States of America, including a novel prenatal ultrasound finding. A young Latina presented to our health care system in Southeast Texas for prenatal care at 23 weeks of gestation. Fetal Dandy–Walker malformation, asymmetric cerebral ventriculomegaly, single umbilical artery, hypoechoic fetal knee, dorsal foot edema, and mild polyhydramnios were noted upon initial screening prenatal sonography at 26 weeks. A growth-restricted, microcephalic, and arthrogrypotic infant was delivered alive at 36 weeks but died within an hour despite resuscitation. The neonatal karyotype was normal. Flavivirus IgM antibodies were identified in the serum of the puerpera, once she disclosed that she had traveled from El Salvador to Texas in the early second trimester. Zika virus was identified in the umbilical cord and neonatal brain. Fetal arthritis may precede congenital arthrogryposis in cases of Zika virus infection and may be detectable by prenatal sonography. Physician and health care system vigilance is required to optimally address the significant and enduring Zika virus global health threat.
Sexual reoffense trajectories with youths in the child welfare system.

Abstract The present study sought to determine whether the persistence of problematic sexualized behaviors (PSBs) committed by boys in the Massachusetts child welfare system would lend support to previous taxonomies categorizing offenders as early-onset/life course-persistent, adolescence-onset/adolescence-limited, or childhood-limited in their offending behavior. We examined the persistence of PSBs in a male sample ( N = 638; age range: two to 17), using a retrospective longitudinal archival design. Procedures involved a comprehensive archival review of records from the Department of Children and Families. Subsamples were established by trifurcating the sample based on age at the time of the boys’ first documented PSB, resulting in age cohorts reflecting early childhood (age two to seven), middle childhood (age eight to 11), and preadolescence/adolescence (age 12–17). Results supported the hypothesis that youths who first exhibited PSBs in early childhood would produce higher sexual reoffense rates during each of three follow-up windows (i.e., three years, five years, and seven years) than youths who first exhibited such behaviors in middle childhood, or preadolescence/adolescence ( p
Data analytics-based anomaly detection in smart distribution network

Monitoring energy consumption and diagnosing abnormal behavior will enable utilities to introduce strategies to improve system resiliency, stability, and to meet energy efficiency targets. The deployment of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) enables utilities to collect various raw data from its customers and networks. This paper presents contextual anomaly detection algorithm to detect irregular power consumption and visualize anomaly scores using unsupervised learning algorithm and temporal context generated from meter readings. The proposed algorithm computes an anomaly score for each user by considering historical consumption data. The anomaly score for a user is then adjusted by analyzing other contextual variables such as seasonal variation day of the week and other users with the same historical pattern. The implementation on real-world data set provided by power utility company shows a high performance of the proposed algorithm.
The Fusiform and Occipital Face Areas Can Process a Nonface Category Equivalently to Faces

The fusiform and occipital face areas (FFA and OFA) are functionally defined brain regions in human ventral occipitotemporal cortex associated with face perception. There is an ongoing debate, however, whether these regions are face-specific or whether they also facilitate the perception of nonface object categories. Here, we present evidence that, under certain conditions, bilateral FFA and OFA respond to a nonface category equivalently to faces. In two fMRI sessions, participants performed same-different judgments on two object categories (faces and chairs). In one session, participants differentiated between distinct exemplars of each category, and in the other session, participants differentiated between exemplars that differed only in the shape or spatial configuration of their features (featural/configural differences). During the latter session, the within-category similarity was comparable for both object categories. When differentiating between distinct exemplars of each category, bilateral FFA and OFA responded more strongly to faces than to chairs. In contrast, during featural/configural difference judgments, bilateral FFA and OFA responded equivalently to both object categories. Importantly, during featural/configural difference judgments, the magnitude of activity within FFA and OFA evoked by the chair task predicted the participants' behavioral performance. In contrast, when participants differentiated between distinct chair exemplars, activity within these face regions did not predict the behavioral performance of the chair task. We conclude that, when the within-category similarity of a face and a nonface category is comparable and when the same cognitive strategies used to process a face are applied to a nonface category, the FFA and OFA respond equivalently to that nonface category and faces.
Into the hinterland

This document accompanies the exhibition Toward the hinterland. Cyanotypes, ceramic forms, monotypes, and paintings investigate the relationships between realms of existence, such as the subconscious and conscious or the physical and mental. The necessity of accepting the constantly changing nature of human existence in the search for a higher consciousness is discussed. Major influences on the body of artwork are identified and analyzed, including my personal experiences with varied topographies, the work of other artists, narrative sources emphasizing dual existence, and Jungian psychology. The overarching themes and processes used to create the work in this exhibition are described. Archaic symbols, representing the archetypal content of dreams, interact with vast landscapes and horizon lines, denoting the hazy intersection of physical existence with a higher mental or spiritual consciousness.
A relation between Newton and Gauss-Newton steps for singular nonlinear equations

The Gauss-Newton step belonging to an appropriately chosen bordered nonlinear system is analyzed. It is proved that the Gauss-Newton step calculated after a sequence of Newton steps is equal to the doubled Newton step within the accuracy ofO(‖x−x*‖2). The theoretical insight given by the proof can be exploited to derive a Gauss-Newton-like algorithm for the solution of singular equations.
Prebiotic Synthesis in Planetary Environments

Except for major short-term perturbations in surface environments caused by a declining flux of impactors, equable conditions for prebiotic evolution could have existed as early as 4.4 billion years ago. Giant impacts undoubtedly constrained the timing of life’s origin, but quantitative statements about when the clock was set awaits stronger consensus on impactor fluxes and more refined theoretical models. Organic matter surviving impacts or synthesized in impacts would have augmented the inventory of compounds produced endogenously in surface environments. The oxidation state of the prebiotic atmosphere remains controversial, but little question exists about the reduced state of the early ocean, which may have provided a more productive medium for prebiotic synthesis than the atmosphere. If the atmosphere has been only mildly reducing since the end of the major epoch of accretion at ~4.4 Ga, the apparent lack of strong atmospheric sources for hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde and ammonia poses a serious challenge for theories of prebiotic evolution which require these key chemical intermediates. Submarine hydrothermal systems and the wind mixed layer of the ocean are specific settings which may have favored prebiotic evolution. Especially interesting is the ocean-atmosphere interface where a complex set of physical and chemical processes operated continuously: collection of gas, aerosols and dust from the atmosphere; recycling of organic and inorganic solutes between the ocean and atmosphere through bubble formation and bursting; organic synthesis by UV radiation, cavitation and other energy sources; and formation, dissipation and reformation of surface active monolayers and bilayer vesicles. The intersection of the wind mixed ocean layer with shorelines of volcanic platforms and shallow marine hydrothermal systems may have been key sites for prebiotic evolution.
Relationship Between Tourette's Disorder and Anxiety in Children

This study examined whether children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder (TD) experience greater chronic and/or social anxiety than children and adolescents without this diagnosis. The design also included an anxiety-induction task, and we hypothesized that the TD group would report greater increases in physiological arousal (i.e., heart rate) and state anxiety in response to this task when compared to the control group. Results indicated that the TD group did, in fact, report greater levels of both general and social anxiety than the control group. Analyses also indicated that the TD group did experience greater state anxiety both pretask and posttask and that they experienced greater levels of physiological arousal as compared to the control group. However, the increases in arousal and state anxiety experienced by children with TD were not significantly higher than the increases for children without this diagnosis. Group differences were also evident on several subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist. The results provide useful information concerning the anxiety experienced by individuals with TD and suggest that assessment and treatment of TD may need to account for anxiety associated with the disorder.
LA LEGITIMIDAD DE LA METAFÍSICA: EL LEGADO DE KANT A PEIRCE, Y EL DE PEIRCE A LA FILOSOFÍA DE NUESTROS DÍAS

Peirce’s response to the anti-metaphysical positivi sm of his day draws on Kant’s response to Hume, but moves beyond it, being thus a valuable resource, especially in our own pos t-Logical Positivist era. (Part of) Kant’s legacy to Peirce was a lasting conviction that metaphysics need not be the hopelessly "airy s cience" Hume had pooh-poohed, but could and should become a legitimate and valuable area of investigation. (Part of) Peirce's legacy to philosophy today is a distinctively plausible post-Kantian reconstruction of how this might be achieved.
Cultural Transmission & Variation in Organizational Populations: A Formal Model

What explains the diversity of firm cultures in organizational populations? While research on culture has made significant strides in understanding intra- organizational cultural processes, it has ...
Duration of nuclear explosion ground motion

This paper evaluates the duration of strong ground shaking that results from nuclear explosions and identifies some of the problems associated with its determination. Knowledge of the duration of horizontal ground shaking is important out to epicentral distances of about 44 km and 135 km, the approximate distances at which the ground shaking level falls to 0.01 g for nuclear explosions having yields of about 100 kt and 1,000 kt, respectively. Evaluation of the strong ground motions recorded from the event STRAIT (M/sub L/ = 5.6) on a linear array of five, broad-band velocity seismographs deployed in the distance range 3.2 to 19.5 km provides information about the characteristics of the duration of ground shaking. The STRAIT data show that: (1) the definition that is used for defining duration is very important; (2) the duration of ground acceleration, as defined in terms of 90% of the integral of the squared time history, increased from about 4 to 26 sec over the approximately 20-km distance range; and (3) the duration of ground velocity and displacement were slightly greater because of the effect of the alluvium layer on the propagating surface waves. Data from other events augment the STRAIT data and showmore » that: (1) duration of shaking is increased by frequency-dependent site effects and (2) duration of shaking, as defined by the integral of the squared time history, does not increase as rapidly with increase in yield as is indicated by other definitions of duration that are stated in terms of an amplitude threshold (e.g., bracketed duration, response envelopes). The available data suggest that the duration of ground acceleration, based on the integral definition, varies from about 4 to 40 sec for a 100-kt range explosion and from about 4 to 105 sec for a megaton range explosion in the epicentral distance range of 0 to 44 km and 0 to 135 km, respectively.« less
Nanotribology of Vapor-Phase Lubricants

Vapor-phase lubricants have traditionally been studied within the context of macroscopic system performance. Nonetheless, they may well prove to be of critical importance to the tribological performance of MEMS devices as well since the vapor phase may ultimately prove to be the most effective, if not only, means to deliver and/or replenish a lubricant in certain submicron scale devices. This work discusses how a Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) can be used in combination with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) to investigate the performance of vapor phase lubricants at nanometer length scales.
Influence of Sex and Maximum Strength on Reactive Strength Index-Modified

Reactive strength index-modified (RSImod) is a measure of lower body explosiveness calculated by dividing jump height by time to takeoff. RSImod is different between stronger and weaker athletes and between males and females. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in RSImod between males and females while controlling for maximal strength and lower body explosiveness. Forty-three female and fifty-eight male Division-I athletes performed countermovement jumps on a force plate during unloaded (0kg) and loaded (20kg) conditions. We used an ANCOVA to test whether RSImod is different between sexes conditioning on relative maximum strength (PFa) and average RFD 0-200ms (RFD200) measured during the isometric mid- thigh pull (IMTP). Differences of 0.087 (95% CI: 0.040-0.134; p = 0.0005) and 0.075 (95% CI: 0.040-0.109, p < 0.0001) were observed for RSImod between sexes in unloaded and loaded conditions, respectively. A male with PFa of 186 (grand mean of the sample) and RFD200 of 6602 N/s (grand mean of the sample) is predicted to have 28% greater RSImod than a female of similar PFa and RFD200. Maximum strength development should be a primary aim of training in female athletes, in addition to other trainable factors, such as stiffness and RFD.
Student Veterans’ Coping with Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: A Glaserian Grounded Theory Study

The present study investigated the ways in which student military veterans cope with their posttraumatic stress symptoms. The participants were a total of 21 military veterans attending a U.S. university. The results of the grounded theory data analysis reveal the core category of modulating intrusions, a process indicating how student veterans cope with recurrent and unwanted posttraumatic stress experiences. Our findings also demonstrate that veterans cope by either avoiding or allowing themselves to experience the pain associated from their traumatic experiences. The proposed framework can be meaningfully used to facilitate the development of adaptive coping among veterans with posttraumatic stress.
Covalent Topological Adhesion

Tough adhesion between wet materials (i.e., synthetic hydrogels and biological tissues) is undergoing intense development, but methods reported so far either require functional groups from the wet ...
Nine Year Follow-up of a Ceramic-on-Ceramic Bearing Total Hip Arthroplasty Utilizing a Layered Monoblock Acetabular Component

INTRODUCTION Early ceramic bearing systems in total hip arthoplasty (THA) sought to provide long term wear improvement over traditional metal on polyethylene systems. However, previous designs exhibited fractures of the ceramic acetabular liner, leading to the development of the Implex Hedrocel ceramic bearing THA system where the ceramic liner was supported on a layer of polyethylene intended to transition liner loads to the metal shell, a so-called "sandwich" design. Unfortunately, the device trial was stopped to further enrollment when liner fractures were reported. The current study examines nearly 10-year follow-up on 28 devices implanted by two surgeons at one institution in order to document ceramic bearing system performance over a longer time period. METHODS Radiographic and patient reported outcomes, in the form of Harris Hip Scores (HHS) and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (sF-12), were collected. RESULTS During the study period two cups were replaced, one at three years and a second at seven years. At the five year follow-up HHS were similar to those reported in the literature for devices with traditional metal-on-polyethylene bearing surfaces and for other sandwich ceramic bearing designs. At the nine year follow-up, the HHS had not changed significantly and SF-12 scores measuring overall physical and mental health were higher than age matched national norms (p<0.001). There were no signs of cup migration, stem subsidence, osteolysis or cup loosening at any time up to the last follow-up in this patient cohort. The 89% survivorship rate and device revisions due to delamination of the liner observed in this group were similar to those reported earlier for this device and for other "sandwich design" ceramic bearing systems. DISCUSSION This cohort did not exhibit new failure modes and HHS and SF-12 scores indicated high functionality for the majority of patients. These data suggest that a focus on preventing ceramic liner fracture through design and/or materials improvements may result in a device with long-term functionality.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Mortality and Costs in Cancer, PCI, and Racial Disparities: Propensity Score Adjusted Machine Learning Guided Analysis of 6+ Million Inpatient Admissions

Introduction Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC) remains an elusive diagnosis complicating prompt and appropriate care for patients presenting to the hospital with heart failure symptoms. This study demonstrates the first multi-center analysis of TTC and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) mortality, costs, and disparities. Methods The backward propagation neural network supervised machine learning algorithm supported multivariable regression and propensity score matched analysis of mortality and total hospital costs for TTC in this case-control study of the 2016 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Results Of the 6,039,969 hospitalizations, 0.13% were diagnosed with TTC, 132,222 (2.19%) died inpatient, and the median total costs were $29,143 (range $15,587-56,287). In multivariable regression fully adjusting for age, race, and mortality risk, PCI for TTC patients significantly reduced mortality (OR 0.53, p Conclusions This is the first known nationally-representative machine learning and propensity score-augmented analysis demonstrating that PCI significantly reduces mortality and inpatient costs for TTC. Since TTC by definition should not have obstructive coronary artery disease to explain the wall motion abnormalities, our findings suggest TTC is misdiagnosed in many inpatient hospitalizations. This helps explain the improvement in mortality that is likely revascularization of ischemic heart disease that caused heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. In addition, this analysis showed that TTC itself has significant mortality disparities based on income.
Role of malaria control in improving child health in mainland Tanzania: Evidence from a rapid policy scale-up

Abstract Malaria control is a major policy concern in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease imposes a high burden on child health. Between 2004 and 2010, in mainland Tanzania, malaria control interventions have experienced a rapid scale-up evidenced by a sharp increase of the budget devoted to malaria control, rising from less than $10 million to nearly $140 million. However, the extent to which these interventions have improved child health remains an open policy question. I exploit the timing of the fast scale-up of the malaria control program, along with the variation in malaria endemicity across the country due to climate, to evaluate the impact of malaria control interventions on child health with a difference-in-difference approach. My estimates suggest that, on average, malaria control interventions have helped avert approximately 17.9 deaths for every 1000 live births. In relative terms, they have contributed to 57.7 percent of the reduction in under-five mortality between 2004 and 2010. These interventions have also improved other measures of child health, such as anemia and stunting, reducing the odds of these conditions by 52 and 35 percent, respectively. Calculations suggest that it costs at most 4100 US dollars to save a child through the program. Finally, the malaria control program passes the test of a positive net present value with a value of a statistical life as low as 4600 US dollars for discount rates ranging from 10 to 20 percent.
The ‘changing’ face of media discourses on poverty in the age of populism and anti-globalisation: The political appeal of anti-modernity and certainty in Brazil:

This article analyses how the political right in parts of the Global South has appropriate agendas and issues that in the past were often associated to the political left and presented them instead...
How Do Academic Institutions Evaluate Their History?: Campus Case Studies I: William & Mary

These remarks, shared at the “Legacy and Mission: Theological Education and the History of Slavery” conference at Princeton Theological Seminary, provide an overview of how William & Mary in Willia...
Open-source raspberry Pi-based operant box for translational behavioral testing in rodents.

Abstract Background Rodents have been used for decades to probe neural circuits involved in behavior. Increasingly, attempts have been developed to standardize training paradigms across labs; and to use visual/auditory paradigms that can be also tested in humans. Commercially available systems are expensive and thus do not scale easily, and are not optimized for electrophysiology. New method Using the rich open-source technology built around Raspberry Pi, we were able to develop an inexpensive ( Results Here, we describe and provide all relevant details needed to develop and produce these chambers, and show examples of behavior and electrophysiology data collected using these chambers. We also include all of the tools needed to allow readers to build and develop their own boxes (CAD models for 3D printing and laser-cutting; PCB-board design; all bill of materials for required parts and supplies, and some examples of Simulink models to operate the boxes). Comparison with existing methods The new boxes are far more cost-effective than commercially available environments and allow for the combination of automated behavioral testing with electrophysiological read-outs with high temporal precision. Conclusion These open-source boxes can be used for labs interested in developing high-throughput visual/auditory behavioral assays for ∼ 10th the cost of commercial systems.
Hard-Real-Time Routing in Probabilistic Graphs to Minimize Expected Delay

This work studies the hard-real-time routing problem in graphs: one needs to travel from a given vertex to another within a hard deadline. For each edge in the network, the worst-case delay that may be encountered across that edge is bounded. As far as this given bound is trustworthy at a very high level of assurance, it must be guaranteed that one will meet the specified deadline. The actual delays across edges are uncertain and the goal is to minimize the total expected delay while meeting the deadline. We propose a comprehensive solution to this problem. Specifically, if the precise a priori estimates of the delay probability distributions are available, we develop an optimal table-driven algorithm that identifies the route with the minimum expected delay. If those estimates are not precise (i.e., unknown or dynamic), we develop an efficient Q-Learning approach that leverages the table-driven algorithm to track the true distributions rapidly, while ensuring to meet the specified hard deadline. The proposed solution suggests a promising direction towards incorporating probabilistic information and learning-based approaches into safety-critical systems without compromising safety guarantees, when it is not feasible to establish the trustworthiness of the probabilistic information at the high assurance levels required for verification purposes.
Uniformly Least Powerful Tests of Market Efficiency

Defenders of market efficiency argue that anomalies involving long-term abnormal returns are not robust to alternative methodologies. We argue that because various methodologies use different weighting schemes, the magnitude of abnormal returns should differ, and in a predictable manner. Three problems are identified that cause low power in value-weighted three-factor time series regressions when abnormal returns following managerial actions are being estimated. We illustrate the sensitivities in the context of the new issues puzzle as well as with simulations. More generally, multifactor models as currently used do not, and cannot, test market efficiency.
Conservative Updating

This paper provides a behavioral analysis of conservatism in beliefs. I introduce a new axiom, Dynamic Conservatism, that relaxes Dynamic Consistency when information and prior beliefs "conflict." When the agent is a subjective expected utility maximizer, Dynamic Conservatism implies that conditional beliefs are a convex combination of the prior and the Bayesian posterior. Conservatism may result in belief dynamics consistent with confirmation bias, representativeness, and the good news-bad news effect, suggesting a deeper behavioral connection between these biases. An index of conservatism and a notion of comparative conservatism are characterized. Finally, I extend conservatism to the case of an agent with incomplete preferences that admit a multiple priors representation.
Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical Treatment for Postlaminectomy Lumbar Radiculopathy: Case Series.

Objective To describe outcomes of awake transforaminal endoscopic surgical treatment for patients presenting with lumbar radiculopathy after laminectomy. Methods Awake endoscopic decompression surgery was performed on 538 patients over a 5-year period (2014–2019). Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and foraminotomy was performed in 128 patients who had previously undergone laminectomy surgery. Results At 2-year follow-up, preoperative visual analog scale score for leg pain improved from 7.0 ± 1.4 to 2.0 ± 1.3 and Oswestry Disability Index score improved from 41.4% ± 11.9% to 12.4% ± 11.9% in 118 patients. During the 2-year follow-up period, 10 patients (7.8%) required repeat surgery at the treated level. Conclusions The results of a minimally invasive awake endoscopic procedure are presented for the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy after lumbar laminectomy in a series of patients.
Multiplexed 3D atlas of state transitions and immune interactions in colorectal cancer

SUMMARY Advanced solid cancers are complex assemblies of tumor, immune, and stromal cells that invade adjacent tissue and spread to distant sites. Here we use highly multiplexed tissue imaging, spatial statistics, and machine learning to identify cell types and states underlying morphological features of known diagnostic and prognostic significance in colorectal cancer. We find that a thorough spatial analysis requires imaging the entire tumor region, not small fields of view (e.g. those found in tissue microarrays). When this condition is met, the data reveal frequent transitions between histological archetypes (tumor grades and morphologies) correlated with molecular gradients. At the tumor invasive margin, where tumor, normal, and immune cells compete, localized features in 2D such as tumor buds and mucin pools are seen in 3D to be large connected structures having continuously varying molecular properties. Immunosuppressive cell-cell interactions also exhibit graded variation in type and frequency. Thus, whereas scRNA-Seq emphasizes discrete changes in tumor state, whole-specimen imaging reveals the presence of large- and small-scale spatial gradients analogous to those in developing tissues.
Transcriptome profiling reveals CD73 and age-driven changes in neutrophil responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae

Abstract Neutrophils are required for host resistance against Streptococcus pneumoniae but their function declines with age. We previously found that CD73, an enzyme required for antimicrobial activity, is down-regulated in neutrophils from aged mice. This study explored transcriptional changes in neutrophils induced by S. pneumoniae to identify pathways controlled by CD73 and dysregulated with age. Ultrapure bone marrow-derived neutrophils isolated from wild type (WT) young, old, and CD73KO young mice were mock-challenged or infected with S. pneumoniae ex vivo. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We found that infection triggered distinct global transcriptional changes across hosts, that were strongest in CD73KO neutrophils. Surprisingly, there were more down-regulated than up-regulated genes in all groups upon infection. Down-regulated DEGs indicated a dampening of immune responses in old and CD73KO hosts. Further analysis revealed that CD73KO neutrophils expressed higher numbers of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) compared to WT controls. Predicted network analysis indicated that CD73KO specific lncRNAs control several signaling pathways. We found that genes in the JNK-MAPK-pathway were up-regulated upon infection in CD73KO and WT old but not in young mice. This corresponded to functional differences, as phosphorylation of the downstream AP-1 transcription factor component c-Jun was significantly higher in infected CD73KO and old mice neutrophils. Importantly, inhibiting JNK/AP-1 rescued the ability of these neutrophils to kill S. pneumoniae. Altogether, our findings revealed that neutrophils modify their gene expression to better adapt to bacterial infection and that this capacity declines with age and is regulated by CD73.
Incoherent Cooper Pairing and Pseudogap Behavior in Single-Layer FeSe / SrTi O 3

In many unconventional superconductors, the presence of a pseudogap - a suppression in the electronic density of states extending above the critical temperature - has been a long-standing mystery. Here, we employ combined in situ electrical transport and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements to reveal an unprecedentedly large pseudogap regime in single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3, an interfacial superconductor where incoherent Cooper pairs are initially formed above TI�â��60 K but where a zero-resistance state is achieved only below T0<30 K. We show that this behavior is accompanied by distinct transport signatures of two-dimensional phase fluctuating superconductivity, suggesting a mixed vortex state hosting incoherent Cooper pairs which persist well above the maximum clean limit Tc of approximately 40 K. Our work establishes the critical role of reduced dimensionality in driving the complex interplay between Cooper pairing and phase coherence in two-dimensional high-Tc superconductors, providing a paradigm for understanding and engineering higher-Tc interfacial superconductors. Â© 2021 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.
Diffusion tensor imaging indices of acute muscle damage are augmented after exercise in peripheral arterial disease

Although it is known that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with chronic myopathies, the acute muscular responses to exercise in this population are less clear. This study used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to compare acute exercise-related muscle damage between PAD patients and healthy controls. Eight PAD patients and seven healthy controls performed graded plantar flexion in the bore of a 3T MRI scanner. Exercise began at 2 kg and increased by 2 kg every 2 min until failure, or completion of 10 min of exercise. DTI images were acquired from the lower leg pre- and post-exercise, and were analyzed for mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy (FA), and eigenvalues 1–3 (λ1–3) of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and tibialis anterior (TA). Results indicated a significant leg by time interaction for mean diffusivity, explained by a significantly greater increase in diffusivity of the MG in the most affected legs of PAD patients (11.1 × 10–4 ± 0.5 × 10–4 mm2/s vs. 12.7 × 10–4 ± 1.2 × 10–4 mm2/s at pre and post, respectively, P = 0.02) compared to healthy control subjects (10.8 × 10–4 ± 0.3 × 10–4 mm2/s vs. 11.2 × 10–4 ± 0.5 × 10–4 mm2/s at pre and post, respectively, P = 1.0). No significant differences were observed for the TA, or λ1–3 (all P ≥ 0.06). Moreover, no reciprocal changes were observed for FA in either group (all P ≥ 0.29). These data suggest that calf muscle diffusivity increases more in PAD patients compared to controls after exercise. These findings are consistent with the notion that acute exercise results in increased muscle damage in PAD.
Creating an operational definition for prolonged postoperative opioid use through the use of concept analysis.

Abstract Aim To develop an evidence-based operational definition for Prolonged Postoperative Opioid Use (PPOU). Background In the United States, opioids are a mainstay of postoperative pain management, and are prescribed to over 90% of patients following surgery. Recent literature has highlighted the risk for prolonged postoperative opioid use (PPOU) after many surgical procedures. However, reported rates of PPOU vary greatly across studies, due in part to inconsistent operational definitions. Recent literature identified 29 distinct definitions for PPOU, which resulted in incidence ranging from 0.01% to 14.7% when applied to the same cohort of opioid naive patients. Methods We followed the eight-step method described by Walker & Avant, using an iterative literature search process with the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar. English-language peer-reviewed publications through August 2020 were included in the analysis. Results The four defining attributes of PPOU are (1) use of opioids greater than 90 days following surgery, (2) treatment of postoperative (non-cancer) pain, (3) in opioid-naive patients, (4) with legal prescription use. We identified four antecedents and four consequences to PPOU. Conclusion The definition of PPOU in current literature varies greatly and has had significant impact on the interpretation and reliability of research findings. We propose the following working definition: PPOU is the legal prescription use of any opioid for greater than 90 days following surgery, for the purposes of treating post-operative pain, by a patient who opioid naive in the year prior to surgery.
The Wisconsin Star Method: Understanding and Addressing Complexity in Geriatrics

Providers of care to older adults, as well as the developers of geriatric models of care, face the challenge of how to address the complexities endemic in the practice of geriatrics. The Wisconsin Star Method is an innovative graphic approach to this dilemma, tapping the power of the brain’s visual information processing system. It maps multiple factors in natural clusters on a single field, yielding a bird’s-eye, ecological view that facilitates more rapid assessment of the complexities—how the factors interact through linear–causal connections—without losing sight of the big picture. Using this method can thereby enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of geriatric care, whether individually or at the systems level.
Zunahme der Deutschen Einwanderung im 18. Jahrhundert und Deren Ursachen

In den ersten Jahrzehnten des 18. Jahrhunderts ergos sich eine grobe Flutwelle deutscher Einwanderer nach Amerika. Ihr Umfang stand in seltsamem Gegensatz zu den sparlichen deutschen Niederlassungen fui 17. Jahrhundert, der Zeit, die wir soeben an uns haben voruberziehen lassen. Dieser Umschlag war das Ergebnis historischer Ereignisse, die ais nachtige, treibende Krafte wirkten. Unheilvolle Kriege, religiose Verfolgung, unbarmherzige Bedruckung durch tyrannische Kleinfursten machten die heimischen Lebensbedingungen unertraglich, wahrend Berichte fruherer Ansiedler jenseits des Atlantischen Ozeans, z alrlreichereUberfahrtsnroglichkeiten und ein angeborener Drang nach Abenteuern, d. h. die deutsche Wanderlust, die Anziehungskraft des fremden Gestades unwiderstehlich machten. Die groste Zahl von Einwanderern lieferte der sudwestliche Teil Deutschlands, die Pfalz, Wiirttemberg, Baden und die Schweiz, vielleicht in eben der angefuhrten Reihenfolge. Mitunter kamen alle die bezeichneten Ursachen zusanrnen, uiu einen Massenauszug ans einem besonderen Distrikt zu bewirken, wie bei der Pfalz; wahrend in der Schweiz, mit ihrer — jedenfalls dem Namen nach — freieren Regierungsform, die Hauptursache in religioser Verfolgung zu suchen ist. Die Auswanderung aus der Pfalz1 ubertraf eine Zeitlang die aus dem ganzen ubrigen Deutschland so sehr, das man in England und Amerika deutsche Auswanderer Pfalzer nannte, und merkwurdigerweise stost man in einem historischen Dokument sogar einmal auf die Bezeichnung, „ein Pfalzer aus Holstein“.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for ordered categorical traits in four-way crosses

Many quantitative traits of economical importance are ordinal in nature. Although methods of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for continuous quantitative characters are well developed, such methods for ordinal characters are generally lacking. In this paper, we develop a method based on the framework of a generalized linear model using four-way cross populations. The method estimates and tests the average effects of a gene substitution in the parents. All markers in the same linkage group are simultaneously used to infer the allelic transmission of a putative QTL. General results of the method are demonstrated by a few simulation experiments. We discuss extensions of the method to QTL mapping in full-sib families.
How Does Collective Memory Create a Sense of the Collective

Where were you when you first heard about the 9/11 attacks? Do you remember what you were doing at the time? How did you feel when you first heard the news, and how does thinking about this event make you feel now? As of this writing, many Americans over the age of 15 most likely find these questions remarkably easy to answer. The fact that a singular event in history could be remembered so well, and by so many people, is relevant to at least two lines of research in the memory literature. First, the very fact that people can answer such questions so easily is relevant to research and theory on “flashbulb memories” (Brown & Kulik, 1977; Kvavilashvili, Mirani, Schlagman, & Kornbrot, 2004; Sharot, Martorella, Delgado, & Phelps, 2006). As originally conceptualized, flashbulb memories were regarded as extraordinarily detailed, long-lasting, and unusually accurate “snapshots” of the specific context in which an unexpected, emotion-laden event occurred (Brown & Kulik, 1977). Over the years, research has qualified some of the early claims regarding such memories. For example, even though people often perceive that such memories are accurate, such recollections can contain the same sorts of distortions one finds with other types of memories (Neisser & Harsch, 1992). Nevertheless, more recent work has found that flashbulb memories can sometimes be extraordinarily accurate and detailed, provided that the event has direct, personal relevance to the perceiver (Bernsten & Thomsen, 2005).
Joint transmit and receive beampattern optimization and adaptive implementation

We consider joint adaptive transmit(TX) and receive (RX) beamforming for interference mitigation in array sensing systems. Unlike conventional designs, which only employ adaptive processing for the RX beamforming, we propose a fully adaptive approach that jointly selects the transmit correlation matrix and RX beamformer by maximizing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Due to imprecise knowledge of the interference (e.g., because of limited training data), employing only adaptive RX beamforming may be inadequate for effective interference cancellation, whereas joint adaptive transmit and RX beamforming can afford a stronger ability to handle the interference. Numerical examples are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed joint beamforming approach.
Watching Single Cells Pay Attention

Visual search is a task that each of us rapidly and efficiently performs a thousand times a day, from searching for a coffee cup to looking for a face in a crowd. As a society, we have created many artificial and imperfect but critically important search tasks, such as airport baggage screening and routine mammography. In his Perspective, [Wolfe][1] discusses new work ([ Bichot et al .][2]) that provides insights into how the primate brain performs complex visual search tasks, which might shed light on ways to improve the imperfect artificial search tasks on which we all depend. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/308/5721/503 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/308/5721/529
Aging with a disability and state vocational rehabilitation services

Background Disability prevalence in older adults is increasing. Given the low rates of employment among people with disabilities, especially those aging with multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), late effects of polio (LEP), and muscular dystrophy (MD), services from federal-state vocational rehabilitation (VR) programs could positively impact employment status. Objective To describe VR services for individuals aging with MS, SCI, LEP and MD and the impact of aging on employment status. Participants Thirteen Washington State VR counselors and 26 individuals, 45 to 65 years old, with MS, MD, LEP or SCI. Methods We examined national Rehabilitation Services Administration data (2006, 2007), including case closure, service outcomes and other demographics. We then purposively selected Washington State for our study. Interviews provided consumer and counselor perspectives on the components of successful case closure (employed) and the impact of aging and disability on employment. Results Washington State and national data were similar. Organizational and individual factors influence the effectiveness of VR services. Conclusion People who could benefit from VR services are not being served; those who are served, are getting neither comprehensive services nor high quality outcomes. Additional research is needed to understand the variables associated with effective use of VR services.
Nutritional Intake and Iron Bioavailability in Adolescents with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (P7.026)

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that iron dietary intake, iron bioavailability, or both, are decreased in postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). BACKGROUND: We reported low iron storage and anemia of uncertain cause in adolescents with POTS (Clinical Autonomic Research 2013). DESIGN/METHODS: Patients with symptoms of orthostatic intolerance for 蠅 3 months and excessive heart rate (HR) increment of 蠅 40 BPM or HR > 120 BPM within 10 minutes of tilt or standing tests were enrolled. Subjects drank juice containing 57 Fe stable isotopes. Incorporation of 57 Fe into RBC was assessed 2 weeks later (J Pediatr 2004; 145:26). A 3-day weighed dietary intake was recorded at home and data were analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research Software (University of Minnesota). Laboratory tests included CBC, serum iron, TIBC, and ferritin. Results Fifteen patients, 11 girls, ages (mean ± SD) 15.8 ± 1.7 years, weight 65 ± 22 kg, and BMI Z scores 0.5 ± 1, were studied. Three girls had menorrhagia. Dietary daily intakes were 2006 ± 723 calories, 14.4 ± 6.3 mg iron, 79 ± 52 mg vitamin C, 270 ± 175 mg magnesium, and 502 ± 286 mg phytates. Boys met the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for iron (193%), vitamin C (130%), but not magnesium (77%), while girls met the RDA for vitamin C (110%) and not for iron (77%) or magnesium (70%). Serum ferritin was 34 ± 14 µg/L and iron saturation 20 ± 4 (%). Iron bioavailability was 14.6 ± 8.5 percent 57 Fe incorporated in RBC. Inverse relationship between iron absorption and ferritin was found as anticipated indicating overall normal regulation of iron metabolism and iron bioavailability. Conclusions Preliminary data in adolescents with POTS indicate normal iron bioavailability, normal dietary iron intake in boys, and decreased iron intake and menorrhagia as potential risk factors for low iron stores in girls. Supported by NIH Grant MO1-RR00188 Disclosure: Dr. Jarjour has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hawthorne has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abrams has nothing to disclose.
Identification of Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Intestinal Contents Associated with 12,000-Year-Old Mastodon Remains

Mastodon (Mammut americanum) remains unearthed during excavation of ancient sediments usually consist only of skeletal material, due to postmortem decomposition of soft tissues by microorganisms. Two recent excavations of skeletal remains in anoxic sediments in Ohio and Michigan, however, have uncovered organic masses which appear to be remnants of the small and large intestines, respectively. Macrobotanical examinations of the composition of these masses revealed assemblages of plant material radiocarbon dated to approximately 11,500 years before the present and thought to be incompletely digested food remains from this extinct mammal. We attempted to cultivate and identify bacteria from the intestinal contents, bone-associated sediments, and sediments not in proximity to the remains using a variety of general and selective media. In all, 295 isolates were cultivated, and 38 individual taxa were identified by fatty acid-methyl ester (FAME) profiles and biochemical characteristics (API-20E). The taxonomic positions of selected enteric and obligately anaerobic bacteria were confirmed by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Results indicate that the intestinal and bone-associated samples contained the greatest diversity of bacterial taxa and that members of the family Enterobacteriaceae represented 41% of all isolates and were predominant in the intestinal masses and sediments in proximity to the skeleton but were uncommon in the background sediments. Enterobacter cloacae was the most commonly identified isolate, and partial rDNA sequencing revealed that Rahnella aquatilis was the correct identity of strains suggested by FAME profiles to be Yersinia enterocolitica. No Bacteroides spp. or expected intestinal anaerobes were recovered. The only obligate anaerobes recovered were clostridia, and these were not recovered from the small intestinal masses. Microbiological evidence from this study supports other, macrobotanical data indicating the intestinal origin of these masses. Whether these organisms are direct descendants of the original intestinal microbiota, however, cannot be established.