cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Invertible Exponential-Type Approximations for the Gaussian Probability Integral Q(x) with Applications

In this article, we present very tight exponential-type approximations for the Gaussian probability integral Q(.) and/or the complementary error function erfc(.) which are subsequently used to devise the conditional symbol error probability (CEP) formulas for several classes of digital modulation schemes that are both invertible and in a "desirable" exponential form. These invertible CEP formulas are of interest in the optimization of discrete-rate adaptive modulation designs and for computation of the symbol/bit error outage performance metric. Our framework also facilitates the derivation of simple and tight closed-form approximation formulas for the average symbol error rate performance metric for a wide range of digital modulation schemes over generalized fading channels via the moment generating function approach. The accuracies of our new closed-form approximations have been validated with that of the exact expressions in an integral form.
A carbon monoxide derivative of ruthenium (II) myoglobin probe of heme protein conformation.

Abstract A synthetic carbon monoxide complex of ruthenium (II) myoglobin has been reconstituted from apomyoglobin and the carbon monoxide of ruthenium (II) mesoporphyrin IX. This synthetic myoglobin complex shows an absorption spectrum with normal Soret and β bands, and a split α band. The α-band splitting is not observed in the spectrum of the carbon monoxide derivative of ruthenium (II) mesoporphyrin IX in pyridine, even though the width of the α band in pyridine is narrower than in the protein. The separation between two α bands in the spectrum of the protein is reduced from 7.5 to 6 nm in the presence of 2 M NaCl. This observation is interpreted in terms of perturbation of concentrated NaCl on the protein. The separation between the maxima of two α bands in the spectrum of the ruthenium (II) myoglobin also becomes smaller with decrease in pH from 7 to 4.5, and this process involves the distal histidine. The α band splitting in this protein complex is interpreted in terms of rhombic distortion of the square planar symmetry of the metal porphyrin in the protein.
Classification of prehensile EMG patterns with simplified fuzzy ARTMAP networks

Simplified fuzzy ARTMAP networks (SFAM) typically generate a large number of output neurons and require a large number of input neurons due to the input complementation. We propose a modification of SFAM, which uses activation and matching functions based on the Mahalanobis distance. This modification considerably reduces the network size and increases the efficiency in training and classification. The new network has shown an excellent performance in classification of prehensile motions based on EMG patterns.
Importance of "default" intraoperative ventilator settings.

This article is very useful for anesthesia providers, who are typically responsible for selecting intraoperative ventilator settings—an area that sometimes does not receive the attention it deserves.1 I noticed that women in the cohort were substantially less likely to receive lung protective ventilation. Such a sex imbalance has been found before in studies of acute lung injury ventilation.2 Could this be due to default ventilator settings …
Habituation of Odor Responses in the Rat Anterior Piriform Cortex

Simultaneous recordings of main olfactory bulb (MOB) and anterior piriform cortex (aPCX) neuron responses to repeated and prolonged odor pulses were examined in freely breathing, urethan-anesthetized rats. Comparisons of odor responses were made between multi-unit recordings of MOB activity and single-unit extracellular and intracellular recordings of Layer II/III aPCX neurons. Odor stimuli consisted of either 2-s pulses repeated at 30-s intervals or a single, prolonged 50-s stimulus. Respiration rate was monitored throughout. MOB and aPCX neuron responses to odor were quantified both through firing frequency and through the temporal patterning of firing over the respiratory cycle. The results demonstrate that aPCX neurons habituate significantly more (faster) than MOB neurons with both repeated and prolonged stimulation paradigms. This enhanced habituation is expressed as both a decrease in aPCX firing despite maintained odor-evoked MOB input and as a decrease in aPCX respiratory cycle entrainment despite maintained MOB cyclic input. Intracellular aPCX recordings suggest that several mechanisms may be involved in this experience-induced change in aPCX function, including 1) decreased excitatory driveof aPCX neurons, 2) decreased excitability of aPCX neurons,and/or 3) enhancement in odor-evoked inhibition of aPCX neurons. These studies provide the initial basis for understanding the mechanisms of nonassociative plasticity in olfactory cortex.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Surface Oxidation on Pt and Pt/PtCo/Pt3Co Nanoparticles Supported over Carbon

Simulations of surface oxidation on pure Pt and Pt/PtCo/Pt3Co nanoparticles supported over carbon in the presence of water and acid molecules are performed through classical molecular dynamics. The water molecules are represented using the CF1 central force model to allow their dissociation. It is found that water molecules near the nanoparticle surface dissociate only in the presence of acid molecules. The presence of the acid species does not modify the relaxed structure of the nanoparticles but they cause breaking of the OH bonds of water molecules due to electrostatic interactions. The Pt/PtCo/Pt3Co nanoparticle is more active in terms of water dissociation and less stable after 10 cycles of reduction and oxidation than the pure Pt nanoparticle. The metal dissolution mechanism after reduction–oxidation cycles in the alloy nanoparticle involves the surface segregation of alloy atoms, oxygen absorption in the subsurface, destabilization of the oxide phase through electrostatic interactions with ions in ...
Ultrafast electron-phonon coupling at the metal-dielectric interface

Energy transfer from photo-excited electrons in a metal thin film to the dielectric substrate is important for understanding the ultrafast heat transfer process across the two materials. Substantia...
Determination of dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acids in drinking water by gas chromatography

Objective:To establish the gas chromatography in drinking water chloroacetate detection.Methods:Acidification by sulfuric acid in water samples in order to contain within the subject of methyl tert-butyl ether extraction,the methyl ester derivative of GC-ECD Determination.Simultaneous determination of recoveries and precision and the actual water samples.Results:Recoveries over 90%,the relative standard deviation of sample(n=6) was 1.8% for dichloroacetic acid and 1.9% for trichloroacetic acid and the detection limit was 0.83 μg/L and 0.4 μg/L respectively.DCAA in 0~80 μg/L,TCAA in 0~40 μg/L both have good relativity(r0.99).Conclusion:The preposed method is sensitive and precise for determination of DCAA and TCAA in drinking water.
Reimagining Black Female Offenders Hiding in Plain Sight

As an increased segment of criminally involved Black women are reentering society after a felony conviction, women’s multiple identities impact their ability to reclaim their lives within the larger body politic of hostile policies. The intersection of gender, race, class and felon status make many women invisible in the larger reentry discourse, and they are marginalized and viewed as dangerous as a result; therefore, their image as legitimate bodies in society must be reimagined. Through an ethnographic study, this research captures the underlying contextual factors of what Black women experience as they struggle to reenter society. Interviews, participant-observations and focus groups reveal that stories of survival, resistance, and resilience contextualize why Black women matter. By stressing the importance of qualitative studies through the lived experiences of Black women convicted of a felony, I explore the concept of justice and felon status and turn a critical eye on how reentry is modified by gender divisions.
Effects of Substrate Materials on the Electrical Behavior of Pd/AlN/Semiconductor Based Hydrogen Sensors

C-plane textured wurtzite AlN films deposited on both, 3C and 6H SiC as well as Si, have been employed in Pd/AlN/Semiconductor diode Hydrogen sensor structures. The SiC based devices behave as rectifiers and do not show the bias dependent capacitance expected for an MIS structure when reverse biased. The Si based devices, albeit exhibiting rectifying characteristics do show the expected dependence of capacitance on reverse bias, with typical depletion and inversion regions. The SiC based devices show the sensor response as change in bias voltage at constant forward current but the Si based device showed no response in this mode of operation albeit it did respond well in terms of the Hydrogen induces shift of the depletion capacitance vs. bias characteristic. As the AlN itself has the same structure in all cases, the differences in both, electrical characteristics and sensing response mechanism are related to differences in the AlN/Substrate heterojunction resulting from differences in the electronic band structure of the substrates.
Semantic Vector Spaces for Broadening Consideration of Consequences

Reasoning systems with too simple a model of the world and human intent are unable to consider potential negative side effects of their actions and modify their plans to avoid them (e.g., avoiding potential errors). However, hand-encoding the enormous and subtle body of facts that constitutes common sense into a knowledge base has proved too difficult despite decades of work. Distributed semantic vector spaces learned from large text corpora, on the other hand, can learn representations that capture shades of meaning of common-sense concepts and perform analogical and associational reasoning in ways that knowledge bases are too rigid to perform, by encoding concepts and the relations between them as geometric structures. These have, however, the disadvantage of being unreliable, poorly understood, and biased in their view of the world by the source material. This chapter will discuss how these approaches may be brought together in a way that combines the best properties of each for understanding the world and human intentions in a richer way.
Interrogating Cuban Womanhood in Norge Espinosa Mendoza’s La virgencita de bronce

La virgencita de bronce (2004), from Cuban playwright Norge Espinosa Mendoza uses actors and puppets to dramatize the classic novel Cecilia Valdes , in the process questioning the classic Cuban myth and definitions of Cuban womanhood. Cecilia Valdes is a pivotal figure in Cuban culture, since the days that Cirilo Villaverde first wrote the novel (1839) and Norge Espinosa Mendoza’s La virgencita de bronce , written at the request of the important Teatro de las Estaciones in the small city of Matanzas, gives the Cuban stage the opportunity to interrogate the national canon developed around Cecilia Valdes in an innovative way.
Impact of Medical Therapy on Late Morbidity and Mortality After Aortic Aneurysm Repair for Aortitis

Background Patients with active aortitis who undergo repair of ascending aortic aneurysms have an increased risk of late reoperation and decreased late survival. We aimed to determine the reasons for these poor outcomes and the influence of medical management. Methods We reviewed records of 186 patients (median age 73.9 years; 120 women) with noninfectious aortitis after elective ascending aortic aneurysm repair (January 1955 through December 2012). Landmark analysis was used to compare outcomes in patients with isolated aortitis versus with systemic sequelae of aortitis along with outcomes of treatment with glucocorticoids. Results At 15 years, the overall mortality was 88.3%; at 10 years, the overall reoperation rate was 28.2%. Long-term mortality increased with older age at surgery (hazard ratio [HR] 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25 to 2.11, p p = 0.003), peripheral vascular disease (HR 1.79, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.94, p = 0.02), and preoperative suspicion of aortitis (HR 4.90, 95% CI: 1.96 to 12.26, p p = 0.02) and peripheral vascular disease (HR 3.92, 95% CI: 1.71 to 8.94, p = 0.001). Among patients free of reoperation at 6 months, systemic sequelae of aortitis were found to be significant, with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 3.59 (95% CI: 1.40 to 9.18, p = 0.008). Treatment with glucocorticoids was not associated with subsequent mortality or reoperation. Conclusions The development of systemic illness secondary to aortitis was associated with increased risk of late aortic reoperations. However, glucocorticoid treatment of noninfectious aortitis did not clearly influence survival or need for reoperation.
Noble gas components in planetary atmospheres and interiors in relation to solar wind and meteorites

We discuss observed xenon isotopic signatures in solar system reservoirs and possible relationships. The predominant trapped xenon component in ordinary chondrites (OC) is OC-Xe and its isotopic signature differs from Xe in ureilites, in carbonaceous chondrites, in the atmospheres of Earth and Mars, and in the solar wind. Additional minor Xe components were identified in type 3 chondrites and in the metal phase of chondrites. The OC-Xe and ureilite signatures are both consistent with varying mixtures of HL-Xe and slightly mass fractionated solar-type Xe. Xenon in the Martian atmosphere is found to be strongly mass fractionated by 37.7‰ per amu, relative to solar Xe, favoring the heavy isotopes. Xenon in SNC’s from the Martian mantle show admixture of solar-type Xe, which belongs to an elementally strongly fractionated component. The origin of the isotopic signatures of Ne and Xe in the terrestrial atmosphere are discussed in the light of evidence that the Xe isotopic fractionations in the Martian and terrestrial atmospheres are consistent. However, in the terrestrial atmospheric Xe component excesses are observed for132Xe and also for129,131Xe, relative to fractionated solar Xe. The suggested chemically fractionated fission Xe component (CFF-Xe) seems to closely match the above excesses. We discuss models of origin for planetary volatiles and possible processes driving their evolution to present day compositions.
BRACHYTHERAPY AND LIMB-SPARING RESECTION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA

In the earlier part of the century, surgical efforts focused mainly on the feasibility and safety of the various surgical operations necessary for wide extirpation of soft tissue sarcoma. Major advances were made in the design and safe execution of these complex surgical procedures, such as forequarter amputation and hemipelvectomy. Functional preservation was at that time a secondary goal. In 1953, Bowden and Booher (1) proposed that carefully selected tumors could be treated by en bloc muscle group resection as an alternative to amputation with equally good local tumor control. Local recurrenceswere nevertheless very common with limb-sparing resections in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Fine et al. (2) reviewed the results of surgical treatment of soft tissue sarcomas up to the late 1960’s and noted local recurrence rates of over 50% in various reports, and in some instances up to 90%. Such local failure rates were obviously unacceptable. Surgeons soon recognized the limitations of surgery as an ablative technique in this setting, and sought the additional use of other methods based on entirely different therapeutic principles.
Future value based single assignment program representations and optimizations

An optimizing compiler internal representation fundamentally affects the clarity, efficiency and feasibility of optimization algorithms employed by the compiler. Static Single Assignment (SSA) as a state-of-the-art program representation has great advantages though still can be improved. This dissertation explores the domain of single assignment beyond SSA, and presents two novel program representations: Future Gated Single Assignment ( FGSA) and Recursive Future Predicated Form ( RFPF). Both FGSA and RFPF embed control flow and data flow information, enabling efficient traversal program information and thus leading to better and simpler optimizations. We introduce future value concept, the designing base of both FGSA and RFPF, which permits a consumer instruction to be encountered before the producer of its source operand(s) in a control flow setting. We show that FGSA is efficiently computable by using a series T1/T2/TR transformation, yielding an expected linear time algorithm for combining together the construction of the pruned single assignment form and live analysis for both reducible and irreducible graphs. As a result, the approach results in an average reduction of 7.7%, with a maximum of 67% in the number of gating functions compared to the pruned SSA form on the SPEC2000 benchmark suite. We present a solid and near optimal framework to perform inverse transformation from single assignment programs. We demonstrate the importance of unrestricted code motion and present RFPF. We develop algorithms which enable instruction movement in acyclic, as well as cyclic regions, and show the ease to perform optimizations such as Partial Redundancy Elimination on RFPF.
11 – Application of New Technologies to Toxicologic Pathology

Routine histology, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy collectively provide the descriptive cornerstone for evaluating the topographically specific effects of toxicants on tissues. The combination of descriptive technologies with novel technologies that permit large scale evaluations of metabolic intermediates, proteins, and mRNA, provide an enhanced insight into the biochemical lesions underlying morphologically detectable alterations. The chapter discusses novel technologies that permit large-scale assessments of tissues or organs in the evaluation of toxicity, as well as potential evaluation of xenobiotics for structural features associated with the genesis of toxicity. Genomics is the ability to evaluate the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously with high-density nucleic acid microarrays (or DNA arrays), which brings with it the promise that global, unbiased patterns of genetic regulation specific to toxicologic alterations may be identified early and be of predictive value. Proteomics refers to the global analysis of translated gene products, using a combination of diverse technologies to resolve individual proteins or peptides. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) provides a topographical bridge to genomics and proteomics methodologies and can be utilized to overcome the problems arising from use of heterogeneous cell populations to study the effects of toxicants. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) based on computer algorithms combine aspects of physical molecular structure, solubility in biological membranes, chemical reactivity, ionization, pH characteristics, isomerization, binding affinity determinations for specific receptors, and extensive databases of structural alerts known to be associated with toxic events such as mutagenesis and metabolism to reactive molecular moieties.
Overlay of residual herbicides in rice for improved weed management

A study was conducted at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center's H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate a prepackaged mixture of clomazone plus pendimethalin applied delayed preemergence (DPRE) or POST within an herbicide residual overlay with saflufenacil, clomazone, or quinclorac. POST applications included penoxsulam or halosulfuron in combination with the second residual application. No differences were observed in barnyardgrass control (92% to 98%) at 14 days after treatment (DAT). At 42 DAT, barnyardgrass treated with clomazone plus pendimethalin in combination with either clomazone or quinclorac at either timing was controlled 95% to 96%. However, when saflufenacil was applied PRE, regardless of the POST herbicide or when saflufenacil was applied POST with halosulfuron, barnyardgrass control was reduced to 78% to 81%, compared with 95% to 96% with the control with all other residual combinations. Yellow nutsedge and rice flatsedge control increased when treated with halosulfuron compared with penoxsulam across all evaluation dates. At 28 and 42 DAT, texasweed treated with saflufenacil PRE, regardless of POST applications, was controlled 83% and 87%, respectively, and this was greater control than provided by clomazone or quinclorac applied PRE regardless of POST herbicide program.Nomenclature: clomazone; halosulfuron; pendimethalin; penoxsulam; quinclorac; saflufenacil; barnyardgrass; Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.; rice, Orzya sativa (L.); rice flatsedge, Cyperus iria (L.); texasweed, Caperonia palustris (L.) St.-Hil; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus (L.)
The Isostatic Conjecture

We show that a jammed packing of disks with generic radii, in a generic container, is such that the minimal number of contacts occurs and there is only one dimension of equilibrium stresses, which have been observed with numerical Monte Carlo simulations. We also point out some connections to packings with different radii and results in the theory of circle packings whose graph forms a triangulation of a given topological surface.
Successful Resolution of Left Ventricular Thrombus after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction by Edoxaban in a Patient with High Bleeding Risk.

Left ventricular (LV) thrombus is a relatively rare complication of myocardial infarction, with incidence ranged from 2.9% to 15% in different population.1 It is potentially catastrophic since it may lead to embolic cerebrovascular accident. Patients with LV thrombus may have worse prognosis and quality of life. Risk factors include anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), large infarct size, LV aneurysm, suboptimal revascularization [those with Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 0-1 flow], and cardiac arrest. Anticoagulant therapy with a vitamin K antagonist in patients with STEMI is suggested, with class IIa recommendation for asymptomatic LV mural thrombi and class IIb recommendation for LV anterior apical akinesis or dyskinesia at a level of evidence of C, in the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/ AHA) guidelines on the management of STEMI.2 However, warfarin is prone to multiple adverse drug effects, multiple drug and food interaction, and difficulties in maintaining time-in-the-therapeutic-range (TTR) of INR, especially in the Asian with atrial fibrillation.3 In one study, embolic events related to LV thrombus can be reduced when TTR ≥ 50%, however, it is difficult to maintain in many patients, therefore they are exposed to complications related to suboptimal TTR control.4 Dual antiplatelet therapy is at risk of bleeding and its management is mentioned specifically.5 Moreover, triple therapy with warfarin have an unacceptable higher bleeding risk. In the WOEST trial, even though bleeding risk can be lowered by combination using clopidogrel and warfarin only, the risk is still high (19.4% vs. 44.4%). In the current era, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) appear to have similar efficacy, better safety, and fewer drug and food interactions than warfarin for those with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and with venous thromboembolism. Here, we demonstrate a case with successful resolution of LV thrombus by edoxaban.
EP959 Fertility-sparing surgery in patients with early stage clear cell carcinoma of the ovary – is it safe to offer?

Introduction/Background Fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) in stage I ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is not commonly offered due to concern about poorer outcomes despite paucity of evidence. The aim of this study is to review oncological outcomes of CCC patients treated with fertility sparing surgery, to provide evidence to guide practice. Methodology Clinical data of all CCC patients treated with FSS and followed-up in a single tertiary hospital were collected and used for analysis. Results Over the period from 2005 to 2018, there were in total 180 cases of stage I CCC treated in this hospital, of which five cases underwent FSS. The mean age of FSS patients at diagnosis was 33.6 years. Two cases were stage Ia and the other three Ic. Four cases received adjuvant chemotherapy. During the follow-up (median: 6 years), there was no recurrence. One patient conceived spontaneously and had term live birth, 6 years after completion of treatment. Overall survival of stage I CCC patients treated in this hospital during the same period was 92.8% and disease-free survival 88.3%. Conclusion In the present cohort, FSS in selected early stage CCC of ovary did not have a negative impact on oncologic outcome. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm the safety. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.
A Generalized Analytic Model to Tailor Back Contact Design of Bifacial PERC-type Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cells

Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) has been widely used as a thin-film absorber material in photovoltaics (PV). Process improvements have pushed efficiencies to 22.8%, approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit. For further improvement, bifacial PV, which couples light into the absorber from both sides, has emerged as a promising approach. Here we present a generalized analytic model to design the back contact pattern of bifacial CIGS solar cells for maximum power output at any albedo. At the global average albedo of 30%, we find that additional 2.4 mW/cm2 can be obtained by switching from monofacial to bifacial PERC configuration. Our results serve as contact design guidelines for manufacturers, which can be used to forecast the potentials of bifacial CIGS through levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) calculations.
Police Social Media and Broadcast News: An Investigation into the Impact of Police Use of Facebook on Journalists’ Gatekeeping Role

This qualitative study sought to understand how journalists’ gatekeeping role, routines, and practices of communication work have been impacted by police use of social media such as Facebook. Semi-...
An ecological study on the spatially varying association between adult obesity rates and altitude in the United States: using geographically weighted regression.

In this research, we evaluated the relationship between obesity rates and altitude using a cross-county study design. We applied a geographically weighted regression (GWR) to examine the spatially ...
Disintegration promotes proto-spacer integration by the Cas1-Cas2 complex

9Disintegration9-the reversal of transposon DNA integration at a target site-is regarded as an abortive off-pathway reaction. Here we challenge this view with a biochemical investigation of the mechanism of protospacer insertion by the Streptococcus pyogenes Cas1-Cas2 complex, which is mechanistically analogous to DNA transposition. In supercoiled target sites, the predominant outcome is the disintegration of one-ended insertions that fail to complete the second integration event. In linear target sites, one-ended insertions far outnumber complete proto-spacer insertions. The second insertion event is most often accompanied by disintegration of the first, mediated either by the 39-hydroxyl exposed during integration or by water. One-ended integration intermediates may mature into complete spacer insertions via DNA repair pathways that are also involved in transposon mobility. We propose that disintegration-promoted integration is functionally important in the adaptive phase of CRISPR-mediated bacterial immunity, and perhaps in other analogous transposition reactions.
Analysis of Meta-Learning Approaches for TCGA Pan-cancer Datasets

Cancer has been characterized as a heterogeneous disease, and the classification of cancer subtypes has become a necessity in cancer research, as it can facilitate the subsequent clinical management of patients and provide clinical decision support for clinicians. With the advance of machine learning in the last decade, many researchers employ machine learning to tackle the cancer classification problem. Importantly, traditional machine learning algorithms require a large amount of annotated data for model training. However, collection of large amounts of annotated data is time-consuming and expensive and may not be realistic in real-world activities. Facing data scarcity, metalearning is proposed to tackle this problem. Meta-learning utilizes prior knowledge learned from related tasks and generalizes to new tasks of limited supervised experience, and it has been applied in many fields to tackle scarce annotated data problem, such as few-shot image classification, drug discovery, etc. As data scarcity is common in cancer research and diagnosis studies, and there are only few previous studies that classify cancers based on limited annotated data. We explore the meta-learning algorithm (MAML) to tackle the scenario where only limited annotated data are available. In this work, our objective is to comprehensively compare MAML among few-shot learning methods (matching network and prototypical network) and traditional machine learning methods (random forest and Knearest neighbor). Experimental results on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer patient data demonstrates the effectiveness and superiority of MAML over other methods, including its ability to outperform the other methods using 4.5-fold fewer features.
DNAJB1-PRKACA in HEK293T cells induces LINC00473 overexpression that depends on PKA signaling

ABSTRACT Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a primary liver cancer that most commonly arises in adolescents and young adults in a background of normal liver tissue and has an poor prognosis due to lack of effective chemotherapeutic agents. The DNAJB1-PRKACA gene fusion (DP) has been reported in the majority of FLC tumors, however its oncogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Given the paucity of cellular models, in particular FLC tumor cell lines, we hypothesized that engineering the DP fusion gene in HEK293T cells would provide insight into the cellular effects of the fusion gene. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to engineer HEK293T clones expressing DP fusion gene (HEK-DP) and performed transcriptomic, proteomic, and mitochondrial studies to characterize this cellular model. Proteomic analysis of DP interacting partners identified mitochondrial proteins as well as proteins in other subcellular compartments. HEK-DP cells demonstrated significantly elevated mitochondrial fission, which suggests a role for DP in altering mitochondrial dynamics. Transcriptomic analysis of HEK-DP cells revealed a significant increase in LINC00473 expression, similar to what has been observed in primary FLC samples. LINC00473 overexpression was reversible with siRNA targeting of PRKACA as well as pharmacologic targeting of PKA and Hsp40 in HEK-DP cells. Therefore, our model suggests that LINC00473 is a candidate marker for DP activity.
Revision orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease.

Abstract Objective To compare the indications, surgical techniques and outcomes for revision orbital decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease in open, endoscopic, and combined open and endoscopic approaches. Methods A retrospective review of all revision orbital decompression procedures for thyroid eye disease from a single large academic institution over a 17-year period (01/01/2004–01/01/2021) was performed. Patient demographics, as well as indications and types of surgery were reviewed. Outcome measures included changes in proptosis, intraocular pressure, visual acuity and diplopia. Results Thirty procedures were performed on 21 patients. There was a median of 9.4 months between primary orbital decompression and revision decompression surgery. There were 6 bilateral procedures, and 2 of these patients underwent additional revision surgeries due to decreased visual acuity with concern for persistent orbital apex compression or sight-threatening ocular surface exposure in the setting of proptosis. Twenty-five procedures were performed as open surgeries with 5 endoscopic/combined cases. Combined Ophthalmology/Otolaryngology surgery via combined open/endoscopic approaches was favoured for persistent orbital apex disease. Visual acuity remained preserved in all patients. The overall median reduction in proptosis was 2 mm and intraocular pressure change was 1 mmHg regardless of surgical approach. The overall rate of new onset diplopia after surgery was 15%. These patients had open approaches. All endoscopic/combined approach patients had pre-existing diplopia. There were no statistically significant differences between the open and endoscopic/combined groups in regard to change in visual acuity, reduction in proptosis or intraocular pressure. Conclusion Revision orbital decompression is an uncommon procedure indicated for those patients with progressive symptoms despite previous surgery and intensive medical management. Both endoscopic and non-endoscopic techniques offer favourable outcomes with respect to visual acuity, decrease in intraocular pressure, and improvement in proptosis and overall lead to a low incidence of new onset diplopia. Level of evidence Level IV.
Latent dimensions of social anxiety disorder: A re-evaluation of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN)

The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN; Connor et al., 2000) is a well-validated instrument for assessing severity of social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, evaluations of its factor structure have produced inconsistent results and this aspect of the scale requires further study. Primary care patients with SAD (N=397) completed the SPIN as part of baseline assessment for the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management study (Roy-Byrne et al., 2010). These data were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the SPIN. A 3-factor model provided the best fit for the data and factors were interpreted as Fear of Negative Evaluation, Fear of Physical Symptoms, and Fear of Uncertainty in Social Situations. Tests of a second-order model showed that the three factors loaded strongly on a single higher-order factor that was labeled Social Anxiety. Findings are consistent with theories identifying Fear of Negative Evaluation as the core feature of SAD, and with evidence that anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty further contribute to SAD severity.
PRESTO: a predictive storage architecture for sensor networks

We describe PRESTO, a predictive storage architecture for emerging large-scale, hierarchical sensor networks. In contrast to existing techniques, PRESTO is a proxy-centric architecture, where tethered proxies balance the need for interactive querying from users with the energy optimization needs of the remote sensors. The main novelty in this work lies in extensive use of predictive techniques that are a natural fit to the correlated behavior of the physical world. PRESTO exploits technology trends in storage to build an architecture that emphasizes archival at remote sensors and intelligent caching at proxies. The system also addresses user needs for querying such sensor networks by exposing a unified, easy to use data abstraction across numerous proxies and remote sensors.
Wei‐Lin‐Weissfeld Method for Multiple Times to Events

Subjects followed in a longitudinal study can often experience multiple clinical events of interest at different times. The events could be of different types, for example, the onset times for various opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients, or multiple recurrences of the same type of event, such as recurrent superficial bladder tumors in cancer patients. This article describes the Wei–Lin–Weissfeld (WLW) method for analyzing multivariate failure time data that develop in such settings. Keywords: survival; failure time; recurrent events; multivariate; Cox proportional hazards
Terms of trade and domestic distribution: A comment

Abstract In a recent issue of this Journal, Chichilnisky (1981) develops a North–South two-good static model to explore the implications of export-led growth policies for the South's terms of trade and income distribution. It is my contention that most of the results of this paper are invalid as stated. Furthermore, I claim that the problems with these results are due in good part to mistakes when dealing with the elementary properties of the model, namely existence, uniqueness, and stability of equilibria. The first part of this note reviews these properties and the main results of Chichilnisky (1981) are discussed in the final part.
Synthesis of separation systems for azeotropic mixtures: Preferred distillation region

Abstract An algorithm for automatic generation of sequences of distillation columns and decanters for separation of azeotropic mixtures has been developed where distillation boundaries can be crossed by moving them with pressure change, by exploring curvatures of distillation boundaries or by liquid-liquid splits in decanters. Based on a broad knowledge of distillation regions and distillation boundaries for the separated mixture, open-loop sequences are generated and primary recycles are automatically detected. Then preferred distillation regions are identified and suitable recycle streams are selected. In this paper, we are focused on internal secondary recycles where species present in the sequence feed are introduced as separating agents. This type of recycles can simplify tremendously the whole sequence and reduce significantly the total cost of separation. In this paper, an example based on an industrial case is presented where the internal secondary recycle was automatically calculated during synthesis of column sequences.
Role of na+ in the transport of amino acids in rabbit red cells.

Abstract The rabbit reticulocyte shows no saturable uptake of glycine or alanine in the absence of Na+. After maturation of the cell to the erythrocyte state, only a trace of this sensitivity can be detected. Other univalent cations show no ability to replace Na+ in the stimulation. The uptake both of glycine and alanine by the reticulocyte corresponds to the Michaelis-Menten equation in the presence of Na+, the effect of increasing [Na+] being primarily to decrease Km, but also to increase Vmax somewhat. The rate of alanine uptake as a function of [Na+] corresponds also to the Michaelis-Menten equation, but, for glycine, correspondence is obtained only if a term in the second power of [Na+] is also included, confirming an observation of Vidaver. The presence of Na+ permits alanine uptake to proceed to steady state distribution ratios above 1, in favor of the cell interior. For alanine, the counter transport phenomenon, in either the inward or outward direction, is dependent on the presence of Na+; for valine, which along with leucine shows a Na+-independent uptake, counter transport is unaffected by the presence of Na+. The presence of ouabain, oligomycin, or puromycin, the latter for extended intervals, does not inhibit the uptake of alanine by the reticulocyte. The origin of the loss of transport systems on maturation of the reticulocyte is discussed in the light of these findings.
'I've Seen Changes': The Political Efficacy of American Indian and Hispanic Women Leaders

Abstract This article examines the political efficacy and effectiveness of American Indian and Hispanic women leaders in New Mexico. Using qualitative data from personal interviews with 50 grassroots activists and public officials involved in state, local, and/or tribal politics, I address the following research questions: Do American Indian and Hispanic grassroots activists and public officials perceive themselves as politically efficacious? How do their perceptions of efficacy differ? How effective are these activists and officials at influencing public policy and politics in New Mexico? The findings indicate that there are greater similarities among grassroots activists and public officials, as well as among Native and Hispanic women leaders, than might be expected from readings of classic political science literature. More importantly, while the majority of the leaders feel personally efficacious, there is substantial evidence of their impact both at the organizational level and in the larger politica...
Comparing crowd-based, game-based, and machine-based approaches in initial query and query refinement tasks

Human computation techniques have demonstrated their ability to accomplish portions of tasks that machine-based techniques find difficult. Query refinement is a task that may benefit from human involvement. We conduct an experiment that evaluates the contributions of two user types: student participants and crowdworkers hired from an online labor market. Human participants are assigned to use one of two query interfaces: a traditional web-based interface or a game-based interface. We ask each group to manually construct queries to respond to TREC information needs and calculate their resulting recall and precision. Traditional web interface users are provided feedback on their initial queries and asked to use this information to reformulate their original queries. Game interface users are provided with instant scoring and ask to refine their queries based on their scores. We measure the resulting feedback-based improvement on each group and compare the results from human computation techniques to machine-based algorithms.
A Diagnosis for Our Times

In this article we examine an understudied social movement-alternative health. In fact, alternative health is rarely conceptualized as a social movement but is more often studied as a marginal branch of the sociology of medicine or as part of the New Age religious "cult." Instead, we examine alternative health as a "new social movement" (NSM) (Cohen 1985; Eder 1982; Larafia, Johnston, and Gusfield 1994). We explore the creation of oppositional identities and meanings and argue that the larger significance of this movement is as a site in which diverse communities and discourses challenge a leading expression of what Jilrgen Habermas has called the "colonization of the lifeworld." We draw on the work of Habermas (1981; 1987), who has argued that the source of new social movements is the resistance to the "colonization of the lifeworld" by the media of money and power (for a critique of Habermas's lifeworld model, see Fraser 1989). Habermas argues that modernity has differentiated three value spheres that had been undifferentiated in premodern societies:-the cognitive-instrumental sphere, morality and law, and art and aesthetics. But the "developmental logic" of modern societies has created an imbalance. Science and technology in alliance with state administration and the economy or "the system" have colonized and marginalized the communicative structures of everyday life. Everyday life or
The Hippocampus Review

The Hippocampus Book. Per Andersen, Richard Morris, David Amaral, Tim Bliss, and John O9Keefe, Eds.. Oxford University Press, New York, 2007. 868 pp. $125, £60. ISBN 9780195100273. The contributors synthesize our understanding of the anatomy, physiology, and function of the hippocampus; its involvement in diseases; and its roles in cognition, memory, and behavior.
Improved tensile creep properties of yttrium- and lanthanum-doped alumina: A solid solution effect

The tensile creep behavior of yttrium- and lanthanum-doped alumina (at dopant levels below the solubility limit) was examined. Both compositions (100 ppm yttrium, 100 ppm lanthanum) exhibited a uniform microstructure consisting of fine, equiaxed grains. The creep resistance of both doped aluminas was enhanced, compared with undoped alumina, by about two orders of magnitude, which was almost the same degree of improvement as for materials with higher dopant levels (in excess of the solubility limit). In addition, measured creep rupture curves exhibited predominantly steady-state creep behavior. Our results, therefore, verified that the creep improvement in these rare-earth doped aluminas was primarily a solid-solution effect.
Heart & Lung special issue: Care of the critically ill adults and their family caregivers--Guest Editor comments.

Patients who experience critical illness or injuryare hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) where high-acuity care is expertly delivered around the clock. The complexity, acuity, and high-tech focus of these care settings begs for interventions and care processes that are based on sound research evidence. This special issue of Heart & Lung focuses broadly on care of the critically ill adults as well as family members. Topics range from anxiety symptoms after tracheostomy placement, to a randomized clinical trial assessing hemodynamic responses to postural drainage, to decision regret in nurses. From the family perspective, dignity of older adult ICU patients is explored. These papers reflect the broad range of research being conducted in ICU settings around the world. The economic and personal burden of critical illness is great. While it is difficult to determine the exact economic “cost” of critical care, it is estimated to be between $121 and $263 billion. 1 The economic costs of ICU are only expected to increase given increased demand and the aging of the population. A careful examination of ICU care processes is needed to promote the best outcomes for critically ill and injured patients. High quality research is one way to address this need. Unfortunately, funding for critical care research seriously lags behind the burden of critical illness. 1 Research efforts in key areas are needed to reduce the cost and impact of critical illness or injury. Priorities for research in the ICU can be daunting to explicate given the heterogenous patient populations and their complex needs. The Multisociety Task Force for Critical Care Research published key issues and recommendations for research in 2012. 2 Among these research recommendations advanced by the Task Force include the incorporation of cost-effectiveness, implementation science, improvement science, social and behavioral science, informatics, and bioengineering. A number of the manuscripts published in this issue of Heart & Lung are pilot investigations with small sample sizes. Additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of the tested interventions (such as hand-massage) before costeffectiveness and translation into critical care practice can be achieved. The manuscripts contained in this issue provide an excellent foundation for addressing the Task Force research goals and for improving outcomes for critically ill patients and their families.
Developmental regulation of the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis

The developmental patterns of expression of HMG-CoA reductase, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and LDL receptor were investigated using Northern blotting analysis to quantitate mRNA levels. It was found that HMG-CoA reductase and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase mRNA levels in brain reached peaks at age 4 days which correlates with the time of peak enzyme activity and the onset of rapid brain growth and myelination. In liver, HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA both rose dramatically at weaning. This is consistent with the concept that de novo synthesized cholesterol is the preferred substrate for cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and may also be involved in the induction of the enzyme. In testes, HMG-CoA reductase activity was highest at age 21 days and then declined, while LDL receptor mRNA levels rose from age 31 to 120 days. These studies suggest a major role for de novo cholesterol synthesis in developing brain, liver, and testes.
George Washington's War: The Saga of the American Revolution

The author of Delivered from Evil and None Died in Vain brings us this third dramatic narrative of a climactic event in American history. Starting with a history of the causes of the break between the colonies and England, Leckie traces the course of events to the British surrender at Yorktown--in solid history that reads like fiction.
A novel gene required for male fertility and functional CATSPER channel formation in spermatozoa

The CATSPER heteromeric ion channel complex is required for male fertility and six protein components of the complex have been identified. In this study, the authors identify a seventh gene, CATSPERδ, which is necessary for functional CatSper channels and hyperactivated sperm motility.