cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Biomass on the Toxicity of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants

Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) enter the marine environment through several means, including industrial, urban, and agricultural runoff, and accumulate in sediments. Methods for measurement of sediment toxicity include porewater tests using sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development assessments. Previous studies investigating sediments from Boston Harbor determined that significant binding of contaminants to organic matter led to insufficient evidence of the bioavailability of HOCs in porewater toxicity tests. It was hypothesized that excessive biomass in testing systems prevents a critical body residue of HOCs from forming, thus curbing toxic effects. In this study, the effect of biomass on the toxicity of phenanthrene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane (an organochlorine pesticide) were assessed individually and combined in a mixture. The fertilization toxicity test for phenanthrene and mixture solutions containing both compounds revealed less biomass in the test vial caused higher toxicity levels, the fact of which was enhanced with increased hydrophobicity. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of phenanthrene to sea urchin fertilization success in test vials with 50 eggs/mL (lowest biomass concentration tested) was 3.72 μmol/L, but in vials with 100 to 400 eggs/mL, the IC50 was >4.12 μmol/L. Toxicity of several concentrations of the phenanthrene and lindane mixture to sea urchin fertilization success and embryological development was significantly higher at lower biomasses (50 and 100 eggs or embryos/mL) than with biomasses ≥200 eggs or embryos/mL. The results suggest that when testing environmental samples that may contain HOCs, lowering the biomass can help better estimate sediment toxicity using porewater tests.
Paravertebral thoracolumbar anaesthesia in 10 horses

Summary The caudal border of the last rib was used as a reliable point of orientation while performing paravertebral thoracolumbar anaesthesia (PTLA) on 10 horses undergoing standing flank laparotomy. The local anaesthetic in all horses was 2% lidocaine. The PTLA procedure was completed in 9.8±1.8 mins (mean ± sd). Sedation was provided by a combination of intravenous morphine with xylazine or detomidine. Overall analgesia, provided by the combination of PTLA and sedation, was rated as excellent in 2 horses and good in 6 horses. In the remaining 2 horses, overall analgesia was rated as fair because of incomplete analgesia at the ventral portion of the incision. Total time, from start of PTLA to end of surgery was 143.5±24.2 mins. Five horses responded mildly to suturing of the ventral portion of the incision. Apart from 1 horse which developed transient, unilateral hindlimb weakness intraoperatively, no other complications were noticed. We conclude that PTLA can easily be performed in the horse and, combined with systemic sedation, is an effective and safe method of providing analgesia for standing flank laparotomy.
Molecular structure of tetracarbonyldihydroiron: Microwave measurements and density functional theory calculations

Microwave spectra of seven isotopomers of tetracarbonyldihydroiron were measured in the 4−16 GHz range using a Flygare−Balle type microwave spectrometer. Measured transitions were fit using a rigid rotor Hamiltonian with five independent distortion constants. Structural parameters from a least-squares fit to the rotational constants are r(Fe−H) = 1.576(64) A, r(Fe−C1) = 1.815(54) A, r(Fe−C3) = 1.818(65) A, r(C1−O1) = 1.123(80) A, r(C3−O3) = 1.141(74) A, ∠(H−Fe−H) = 88.0(2.8)°, ∠(C1−Fe−C2) = 154.2(4.2)°, ∠(C3−Fe−C4) = 99.4(4.3)°, ∠(Fe−C1−O1) = 172.5(5.6)°, and ∠(Fe−C3−O3) = 177.8(6.8)°. All of the carbonyl groups are bent slightly toward the hydrogen atoms. The least-squares-determined structural parameters are in excellent agreement with the substitution coordinates determined from the Kraitchman equations, the structural parameters calculated using density functional theory, and the previously published electron diffraction data. The C2v molecular symmetry is consistent with the results of the microwave ...
Adrenocortical function in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Clinical features of adrenal steroid deficiency occur in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To determine the frequency of aberrations in peripheral steroid levels in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC) we measured morning recumbent plasma cortisol, deoxycorticosterone, 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OHDOC), corticosterone, aldosterone, and 18-hydroxycorticosterone concentrations before and after administration of 0.25 mg ACTH (Cosyntropin) in 74 randomly selected hospitalized patients with AIDS and 19 patients with ARC. Basal (0800 h) cortisol levels in the AIDS patients were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those in normal subjects, while other ACTH-dependent steroids of the 17-deoxypathway, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, and 18-OHDOC, were normal. These latter steroids increased subnormally in response to ACTH in patients with either AIDS (P < 0.001) or ARC (P < 0.005), but in ARC patients plasma 18-OHDOC levels were significantly higher than in those...
Quantitation of monoterpenoid compounds with potential medicinal use in biological fluids

Alicyclic monoterpenes are not only used as flavoring substances, but many have also been used in herbal products and as home remedies. Their formal use as potential drugs has recently been recognized. Consequently, the previous emphasis of the analytical methods on separation and identification of components has now evolved to the development of highly sensitive and specific quantitation methods capable of measuring the parent compounds and metabolites in biological fluids in order to meet the demand in drug development. This review aims to survey and describe major quantitative methods for some of the monoterpenes that possess medicinal applications. This review also comments on the favorable aspects of some of these assay methods as well as future trends.
Urban transportation and the press: A survey of editorial opinion

The editorial opinions expressed in the news press can provide information on which issues are currently prominent concerns of the public, and on how public opinion may be aligned on those issues. A survey of all urban transportation-related editorials appearing in a sample of 155 U.S. newspapers during a period of 19 months in 1973–74 revealed that a number of issues related to transit financing, transit and highway investment, bicycles, and the transportation planning process were currently under debate in the urban press. This paper presents the survey's findings regarding the incidence and viewpoint of articles on these and other issues. Transit financing concerns clearly emerged as the most frequently discussed, and some agreement in editorial viewpoint was also found. The paper concludes with the authors' subjective observations on the scope and style of editorial discussion of urban transportation issues.
HIV-AIDS: much accomplished, much to do

As a result of decades of research-driven breakthroughs in basic and clinical science and recent advances in the broad-scale implementation of interventions for the prevention and treatment of infection with HIV, a turning point has been reached in the global HIV-AIDS pandemic. To end the pandemic and achieve the goal of an AIDS-free generation, researchers and clinicians must follow the dual pathway of optimizing the implementation of existing prevention and treatment interventions and discovering with basic and clinical research new and effective tools in both of these arenas.
Altered dosage of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body duplication gene, NDC1, leads to aneuploidy and polyploidy

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are exquisitely sensitive to altered dosage of the spindle pole body duplication gene, NDC1. We show that the NDC1 locus is haploinsufficient because diploid yeast cells cannot survive with a single chromosomal copy of the NDC1 gene. Diploid cells with a single copy of NDC1 can survive by gaining an extra copy of the NDC1-containing chromosome. NDC1 haploinsufficiency is a dominant loss-of-function phenotype that leads to aneuploidy. Furthermore, we report that overexpression of NDC1 leads to spindle pole body duplication defects indistinguishable from those observed in ndc1–1 mutant cells. Cells overexpressing NDC1 arrest with monopolar spindles and exhibit increase-in-ploidy phenotypes. Thus, both increased and decreased NDC1 dosage can lead to aneuploidy. The striking sensitivity of yeast cells to changes in NDC1 gene dosage suggests a model for the behavior of some tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes in which loss-of-function mutations and overexpression, respectively, lead to increased genetic instability.
Next Generation Sequencing is the Impetus for the Next Generation of Laboratory-Based Genetic Counselors

Next generation sequencing (NGS) is dramatically increasing the number of clinically available genetic tests and thus the number of patients in which such testing may be indicated. The complex nature and volume of the reported results requires professional interpretation of the testing in order to translate and synthesize the meaning and potential benefit to patients, and genetic counselors are uniquely suited to provide this service. The increased need for genetic counselors in this role, coupled with the time required and a limited number of trained and available counselors presents a challenge to current models for making genetic testing available to patients and their healthcare providers effectively and efficiently. The employment of genetic counselors at genetic/genomic laboratories is one model to expand the resources for providing this service. In this article, we briefly review the advent of NGS and its clinical applications, examine the core skills of genetic counselors and delineate the expanding roles and responsibilities of laboratory-based genetic counselors. We also propose changes to the genetic counseling training program curriculum to account for the increasing opportunities for genetic counselors to contribute and thrive within genetic testing laboratories.
The influence of rule-generated stress on computer-synthesized speech

Abstract This paper reports on an investigation to understand better the effects of adding rule-generated stress to the output of a text-to-speech translator. An experiment was conducted in which subjects listened to questions and declaratives formed by computer-synthesized speech and responded with an answer to a question or a repetition of a declarative. To determine the effects of stress on the intelligibility of sentences, the subjects were divided into three groups. One group listened to unstressed output; a second group listened to output to which rule-generated stress had been added, while a third group listened to manually-polished synthesized speech. The results of the experiment are reported together with an analysis and a discussion of their relevance to the improvement of computer-synthesized speech.
Persistence of Native Southern Appalachian Brook Trout Populations in the Pigeon River System, North Carolina

Abstract The range of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in the southern Appalachian Mountains has been greatly reduced by environmental disturbance and introduction of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta. In addition, hatchery-reared brook trout originating from northern populations have been widely stocked in the region's streams. To an undetermined extent northern brook trout have established themselves or interbred with the genetically distinct native Southern Appalachian strain. Genetic analyses have been performed on a portion of North Carolina's wild brook trout populations to identify those of unaltered native origin. However, information for many streams is lacking, and an assessment of the relative abundance or rarity of genetically unaltered native populations cannot yet be made. The objective of this project was to determine the phylogenetic origin of brook trout in 23 streams within the Pigeon River system, Haywood County, North Carolina. Fish were collected by elect...
Radiation field effects on the spectroscopic properties of seeded plasmas

Abstract The presence of an external radiation field can affect the level populations that occur in a high-temperature plasma. The level populations determine, in part, the emissivity of the medium. Hence, processes induced by the radiation field must be included in spectral simulations. In the present paper, the effect of black body radiation with temperatures of several hundred eV on mid-Z seeded plasmas, with electron temperature between 100 and 4000 eV, and electron densities between 10 19 and 10 22 cm -3 is studied. Particular attention is focused on line ratios which are commonly used for diagnostics. It is shown that the radiation field can have significant impact on the spectroscopic properties of plasmas under these conditions. A possible electron temperature diagnostic using iron is suggested for moderate radiation temperatures.
Singular front formation in a model for quasigeostrophic flow

A two‐dimensional model for quasigeostrophic flow which exhibits an analogy with the three‐dimensional incompressible Euler equations is considered. Numerical experiments show that this model develops sharp fronts without the need to explicitly incorporate any ageostrophic effect. Furthermore, these fronts appear to become singular in finite time. The numerical evidence for singular behavior survives the tests of rigorous mathematical criteria.
Neutron-diffraction evidence for structural phase transitions in the organic conductors bis-tetramethyltetraselenafulvalenium salts [ ( TMTSF ) 2 X , X = ClO 4 − and BF 4 − ]

Single-crystal neutron-diffraction experiments using the time-of-flight Laue technique establish that organic conductors, bis-tetramethyltetraselenafulvalenium salts [${(\mathrm{TMTSF})}_{2}X$, $X={\mathrm{ClO}}_{4}^{ \ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{BF}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$], undergo crystallographic phase transitions at low temperatures. This is the first neutron-diffraction evidence for structural phase transitions in any TMTSF salts. The phase transition in the ${\mathrm{ClO}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ salt leads to the creation of two crystallographically independent TMTSF columns with the possibility of different electrontransport properties for each column which can lead to independent low-temperature phase transitions.
The effect of brief neonatal cryoanesthesia on physical development and adult cognitive function in mice.

Abstract Deep hypothermia (cryoanesthesia) is often used as general anesthesia during surgery in neonatal rodents. Neonatal cryoanesthesia has been used recently to generate somatic brain transgenic (SBT) mouse models via intracerebral ventricular injection of rAAV vectors into both non-transgenic mice and numerous transgenic mouse models. Since, the evaluation of cognition is one of the main experimental endpoints in many of these studies, we examined the consequences of brief neonatal cryoanesthesia on the physical development and mnemonic function of adult mice. Two groups of 129FVBF1 pups from reciprocal breeding crosses underwent cryoanesthesia for 6 min (Cryo6) or 12 min (Cryo12), respectively, within the first hours (
RAPID AND EFFICIENT PURIFICATION OF AMERICIUM

About 200 mg of Am/sup 241/ was brought to >99.8 per cent chemical purity by simple ion exchange and precdpitation operations. Both diluie and concentrated ammonium thiocyanate solutions were used as eluting agents in conjunction with cation and anion exchangers to achieve this purity. The thiocyanate-resin system was not effective in purifying Cm/sup 244/. Even at comparable levels of total alpha activity, much more thiocyanate decomposition was observed with curium than with americium. The specific activity or density of alpha radiation is postulated as the controlling factor. (auth)
Characterization of superficial T13-L2 dorsal horn neurons encoding for colorectal distension in the rat: comparison with neurons in deep laminae.

Fifty-five neurons responsive to colorectal distension located in the superficial spinal dorsal horn (0.0–0.3 mm ventral to the cord dorsum) of the T13-L2 spinal segments of pentobarbital-anesthetized, physiologically intact or spinalized (C1 transection), decerebrate rats were characterized. These neurons could be separated into three groups based upon their response to an 80 mm Hg, 20 s colorectal distension: (1) short latency-abrupt (SL-A) neurons (n = 22) that were excited by colorectal distension at a short latency (<1s) and abruptly terminated responses following the termination of the distending stimulus; (2) short latency-sustained (SL-S) neurons (n = 26) that were excited by colorectal distension at a short latency (<1s) and demonstrated sustained responses (<4s) following termination of the distending stimulus; and (3) INHIB neurons (n = 7) that were spontaneously active and were inhibited by colorectal distension. All 55 neurons had convergent cutaneous receptive fields (i.e. were ‘viscerosomatic’), exhibiting excitatory responses to noxious (pinch/heat) and/or non-noxious (brush) stimuli. Neurons excited by colorectal distension also demonstrated monotonic, accelerating responses to graded colorectal distension, were excited by the intraarterial administration of bradykinin, could be antidromically activated by electrical stimulation in the caudal ventrolateral medulla and were subject to tonic descending inhibitory modulation as evidenced by more vigorous responses to distension when rats were reversibly spinalized using a cold block. A comparison of these 55 superficial dorsal horn neurons with 90 neurons located in the deep spinal dorsal horn (0.4–1.3 mm ventral to the cord dorsum) demonstrated quantitative differences between SL-A neurons located superficially and those located at deeper sites; no quantitative differences between respective groups of SL-S and INHIB neurons were apparent.
Postnatal binge-like alcohol exposure reduces spine density without affecting dendritic morphology in rat mPFC.

Among the deficits associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), cognitive impairments are the most debilitating and permanent. These impairments, including deficits in goal-directed behavior, attention, temporal planning, and other executive functions, could result from damage to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), an area that has not been studied sufficiently in the context of FAS. Neuronal connectivity in this area, as measured by distribution of dendritic spines and the complexity of dendritic tree structure, can be influenced by exogenous variables other than alcohol, and the neuronal connectivity in other brain regions can be affected by alcohol exposure. The goal of this study was to determine whether binge-like alcohol exposure on postnatal days (PD) 4–9 affects dendritic spine density and other dendritic tree parameters in mPFC that could possibly underlie functional damage. Rats were intubated with alcohol [5.25 g/kg/day; alcohol exposed (AE)], sham intubated (SI), or remained with the mother (SC, suckle control) on PD 4–9. Animals were sacrificed between PD 26 and PD 30 and brains were processed for Golgi-Cox staining. Apical dendrite complexity and spine density were evaluated for layer III neurons in the mPFC using NeuroLucida software (MicroBrightField, Inc.). Spine density was significantly decreased in AE animals relative to SI and SC controls, but no differences in dendritic complexity were found across experimental groups. Our findings demonstrate that neonatal alcohol exposure has a persistent effect on the spine density in mPFC that can explain functional deficits in this cortical area. Synapse 62:566–573, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Thyroid hormone is required for dietary fish oil to induce hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol in the rat

In the rat, both fish oil diet and thyroid hormone replacement are reported to augment bile cholesterol secretion out of proportion to bile flow or secretion of other bile lipids. We sought common mechanisms for these effects and evaluated the role of phospholipid fatty acid composition in the process. Methimazole-treated hypothyroid rats were fed low-fat chow or chow supplemented with 10% corn oil or fish oil, and were studied before and after thyroid hormone treatment. Serum, hepatic, and bile lipids were measured, phospholipid fatty acid composition determined, and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase activity assayed. Fish oil diet stimulated cholesterol secretion into bile only after thyroid hormone was given, and this action was synergistic with that of thyroid hormone. Reduced serum cholesterol in fish oil-treated rats was associated with increased biliary cholesterol secretion and diminished hepatic cholesterol content. This suggests that augmented biliary cholesterol secretion may contribute to the fish oil-induced reduction of serum cholesterol. No definite relationship between hepatic or biliary phospholipid fatty acid composition and biliary secretion was apparent, although high bile cholesterol secretion was associated with a low percentage of hepatic and bile phospholipid linoleic acid.
Evaluation of liquid and bait insecticides against the dark rover ant (Brachymyrmex patagonicus)

Dark rover ants (Brachymyrmex patagonicus, Mayr) are an exotic ant species native to South America that has recently spread through the southern US. We evaluated the residual activity of three liquid insecticides (indoxacarb, fipronil and lambda-cyhalothrin) as potential barrier treatments against these ants. The factors we considered include the use of a porous or non-porous surface, a short or long exposure time and the changes in insecticide activity after treatment during a 90 day period. We also tested the effect of baits containing three different active ingredients (imidacloprid, sodium tetraborate and indoxacarb) on colony fragments of this species for a 15 day period. Both lambda-cyhalothrin® and indoxacarb® resulted in high levels of ant mortality up to 90 days after application. The results of exposure to fipronil® resembled those from the control treatment. Application of insecticides on a porous surface and the shorter exposure time generally resulted in greater ant survival. Of the baits tested, only the imidacloprid based one decreased ant survival significantly during the evaluation period. Within three days, the imidacloprid bait produced over 50% mortality which increased to over 95% by the end of the experiment. Results from the other two bait treatments were not significantly different from the control.
Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges for Applying Atomically Detailed Modeling to Molecular Adsorption and Transport in Metal−Organic Framework Materials

Metal−organic framework (MOF) materials are a class of nanoporous materials that have many potential advantages over traditional nanoporous materials for adsorption and other chemical separation technologies. Because of the large number of different MOFs that exist, efforts to predict the performance of MOFs using molecular modeling can potentially play an important role in selecting materials for specific applications. We review the current state-of-the-art in the molecular modeling and quantum mechanical modeling of MOFs. Quantum mechanical calculations have been used to date to examine structural and electronic properties of MOFs and the calculation of MOF−guest interactions. Molecular modeling calculations using empirical classical potential calculations have been used to study pure and mixed fluid adsorption in MOFs. Similar calculations have recently provided initial information about the diffusive transport of adsorbed fluids in MOFs.
Examining Arizona’s Policy Response Post Flores v. Arizona in Educating K–12 English Language Learners

This article provides an analysis of Arizona’s policy response in educating English language learners by conducting a narrative review. A critical Latina/o theory approach was used to analyze the data. This study reveals 5 salient policy responses: (a) severely limit bilingual education, (b) develop controversial funding solutions, (c) implement a segregated 4-hr English language development block, (d) mandate structured English immersion–focused teacher preparation, and (e) develop disputed identification and classification instruments. The available data suggest that these policies have negatively impacted the educational experience and academic attainment of English language learners.
Farmacoterapia de los trastornos depresivos unipolares en la mujer

Epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown gender differences between men and women in unipolar depression, mainly related with hormonal variables that would determine women's specific organization and/or activation of the central nervous system from intrauterine to postmenopausal life. It is recognized that there are a higher prevalence of unipolar depression among women, a predominance of atypical depressive symptoms, a better response to MAOI and SSRI between menarche and menopause, and a higher frequency of rapid cycling and seasonal pattern. Depression during pregnancy and the postpartum, as well as the higher prevalence of thyroid diseases and stronger reactivity to stress of the axis that regulates the secretion of CRF, ACTH and cortisol, support the hipotheses of hormonal etiologies in these pictures and give an explanatory base to the observed differences. The appropriate distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression, the correct election of an antidepressive treatment and the exploration of the efficacy and efectiveness of other therapeutic strategies, such as light-therapy, sleep deprivation and thyroid and /or gonadal steroids supplementation or replacement therapy, are factors that must be taken into account when treating a depressive woman
The current status of tissue glues: part II. For adhesion of soft tissues.

The Current Status of Tissue Glues: Part II. For Adhesion of Soft Tissues Arun Gosain;Valerie Lyon; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Diborane as a model system for carbonium ions

Abstract The semi-empirical EHT method has been applied to diborane B 2 H 6 . In agreement with structural data, the EHT method gives the lowest energy (most stable form) to the bridged form. Various computed molecular parameters of diborane as the BH bond distances, various force constants, and the dissociation energy agree with the experimental values. Diborane is compared with ethyl action and the dissimilarities noted. The relevance to the nonclassical carbonium ion problem is discussed. Diborane is bridged because boron seems rather to pσ-bond with the B atom. The coefficients of the wave functions of diborane support this conclusion. Likewise the population of the BB bond drops from 0·30 to 0·02 as the bridged ground state is transformed into the ethane-like form. Ethyl cation, C 2 H + 5 , is more stable by EHT theory as an unbridged classical ion with a high barrier to isomerization via the bridged ion to form the rearranged + CH 2 CH 3 ions. The EHT method predicts an activation energy of 23 kcal/mole or greater, a value more than sufficient to prevent CH 3 CH + 2 from becoming + CH 2 CH 3 . Ethyl cation is probably classical because the CC pσ-bond is quite strong. Thus the analogy that electron deficient systems of carbon should be bridged because the isoelectronic boron hydrides are bridged, is probably incorrect.
German compliment responses

Using a conversation analytic (CA) methodology, this study focuses on the preference organization of compliment sequences in German. The paper compares German and American compliment responses given among families and friends. The data show that while rejections and turns containing certain agreement and disagreement features are constructed similarly in German and American English, it is in agreement sequences that the two languages differ. It is suggested that in such sequences, cross-cultural communication can become problematic. I will then present one such example in which a nonnative speaker of English transferred the format of a German compliment response into American English, resulting in communication problems. Finally, I will discuss the implications of these findings for cross-cultural communication, and suggest the incorporation of pragmatics into foreign and second language teaching.
Maximum angular accuracy of tracking a radio star by lobe comparison

A general expression is derived for the maximum angular accuracy of tracking a radio star by lobe comparison (or monopulse). This angular accuracy depends on the input signal-to-noise ratio, the wavelength, the time-bandwidth product of signal integration, and the effective length of the antenna aperture. The maximum angular accuracy can be obtained, approximately, by performing a simple correlation of odd and even components of the antenna output. Angular accuracy formulas for simple antenna dishes or for interferometers appear as special cases of the general result. The Appendix discusses the interferometer technique in more detail, and the angular accuracy for the data processing technique used by M. Ryle is compared with that obtained from the optimum processing.
Clifford subsystem codes

Subsystem codes are a generalization of decoherence free subspaces, noiseless subsystems, and quantum error-correcting codes. The known constructions of subsystem codes from classical codes are limited to quantum systems that all have the same dimension, and this dimension must be a power of a prime. It is shown that one can remove these restrictions and obtain subsystem codes in quantum systems of arbitrary finite dimension from classical codes that are subgroups of an abelian group. The constructions are derived from Clifford codes over abstract error groups with abelian index groups.
Integrative medicine to tackle the problem of chronic diseases

This article summarizes important ways that integrative medicine can contribute to resolving the global health crisis with special reference to the US. Research using modern methods of analysis of cellular changes at the epigenetic level has shown that diet and lifestyle interventions greatly improve the state of patients' health. Estimates have been given that up to 75% of all US health costs can be saved by these methods, particularly if applied preventatively. It is thus vital that active steps are taken to implement such programs, to reduce costs to citizens and society alike, as well as to Government.
Multi-Class Classification Averaging Fusion for Detecting Steganography

Multiple classifier fusion has the capability of increasing classification accuracy over individual classifier systems. This paper focuses on the development of a multi-class classification fusion based on weighted averaging of posterior class probabilities. This fusion system is applied to the steganography fingerprint domain, in which the classifier identifies the statistical patterns in an image which distinguish one steganography algorithm from another. Specifically we focus on algorithms in which jpeg images provide the cover in order to communicate covertly. The embedding methods targeted are F5, JSteg, Model Based, OutGuess, and StegHide. The developed multi-class steganalvsis system consists of three levels: (1) feature preprocessing in which a projection function maps the input vectors into a separable space, (2) classifier system using an ensemble of classifiers, and (3) two weighted fusion techniques are compared, the first is a well known variance weighted fusion and an Gaussian weighted fusion. Results show that through the novel addition of the classifier fusion step to the multi-class steganalysis system, the classification accuracy is improved by up to 12%.
A BODIPY-cyclooctyne for protein imaging in live cells.

Cellular proteins that bear reactive azides can be imaged by fluorescence microscopy following strain-promoted ligation to cyclooctyne dyes. Here we describe BODIPY-cyclooctyne (BDPY), a membrane-permeant fluorophore that can be used to label intracellular proteins in live mammalian cells. Flow cytometry reveals fluorescence signals more than 25-fold above background after labeling of azide-tagged cells with BDPY.
Quadratic-Congruence Carrier-Hopping Prime Code for Multicode-Keying Optical CDMA

In this paper, we study a new family of carrier-hopping prime codes (CHPCs), so-called quadratic- congruence CHPC (QC-CHPC), with expanded code cardinality by relaxing the maximum cross-correlation function to two (i.e., lambdac = 2). An application of the new code is for multicode keying in wavelength-time optical code-division multiple access (O-CDMA), in which each user is assigned M = 2m code matrices to represent m data bits per symbol. The advantages are that 1) a lower baud multicode-keying O-CDMA system can support a higher bit rate and 2) user's code obscurity is enhanced, as compared to the transmission of one code matrix (per user) for each data bit one in conventional "on-off keying" O-CDMA systems. Our performance analysis shows that there is a trade-off between the code performance and hardware complexity/speed related to the choice of M, for a given bit rate.
The Three-Dimensional Structure of Canavalin from Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis)

The three-dimensional structure of the vicilin storage protein canavalin, from Canavalia ensiformis, has been determined in a hexagonal crystal by x-ray diffraction methods. The model has been refined at 2.6 A resolution to an R factor of 0.197 with acceptable geometry. Because of proteolysis, 58 of 419 amino acids of the canavalin polypeptide are not visible in the electron density map. The canavalin subunit is composed of two extremely similar structural domains that reflect the tandem duplication observed in the cDNA and in the amino acid sequence. Each domain consists of two elements, a compact, eight-stranded beta-barrel having the "Swiss roll" topology and an extended loop containing several short alpha-helices. The root mean square deviation between 84 pairs of corresponding C alpha atoms making up the strands of the two beta-barrels in a subunit is 0.78 A, and for 112 pairs of structurally equivalent C alpha atoms of the two domains the deviation is 1.37 A. The interface between domains arises from the apposition of broad hydrophobic surfaces formed by side chains originating from one side of the beta-barrels, supplemented by at least four salt bridges. The interfaces between subunits in the trimer are supplied by the extended loop elements. These interfaces are also composed primarily of hydrophobic residues supplemented by six salt bridges. The canavalin subunits have dimensions about 40 x 40 x 86 A, and the oligomer is a disk-shaped molecule about 88 A in diameter with a thickness of about 40 A. The distribution of domains lends a high degree of pseudo-32-point group symmetry to the molecule. There is a large channel of 18 A diameter, lined predominantly by hydrophilic and charged amino acids, running through the molecule along the 3-fold axis. The majority of residues conserved between domains and among vicilins occur at the interface between subunits but appear otherwise arbitrarily distributed within the subunit, although predominantly on its exterior.
Requirement of the Listeria monocytogenes Broad-Range Phospholipase PC-PLC during Infection of Human Epithelial Cells

In this study, we investigated the requirement of the Listeria monocytogenes broad-range phospholipase C (PC-PLC) during infection of human epithelial cells. L. monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen of humans and a variety of animal species. After entering a host cell, L. monocytogenes is initially surrounded by a membrane-bound vacuole. Bacteria promote their escape from this vacuole, grow within the host cell cytosol, and spread from cell to cell via actin-based motility. Most infection studies with L. monocytogenes have been performed with mouse cells or an in vivo mouse model of infection. In all mouse-derived cells tested, the pore-forming cytolysin listeriolysin O (LLO) is absolutely required for lysis of primary vacuoles formed during host cell entry. However, L. monocytogenes can escape from primary vacuoles in the absence of LLO during infection of human epithelial cell lines Henle 407, HEp-2, and HeLa. Previous studies have shown that the broad-range phospholipase C, PC-PLC, promotes lysis of Henle 407 cell primary vacuoles in the absence of LLO. Here, we have shown that PC-PLC is also required for lysis of HEp-2 and HeLa cell primary vacuoles in the absence of LLO expression. Furthermore, our results indicated that the amount of PC-PLC activity is critical for the efficiency of vacuolar lysis. In an LLO-negative derivative of L. monocytogenes strain 10403S, expression of PC-PLC has to increase before or upon entry into human epithelial cells, compared to expression in broth culture, to allow bacterial escape from primary vacuoles. Using a system for inducible PC-PLC expression in L. monocytogenes, we provide evidence that phospholipase activity can be increased by elevated expression of PC-PLC or Mpl, the enzyme required for proteolytic activation of PC-PLC. Lastly, by using the inducible PC-PLC expression system, we demonstrate that, in the absence of LLO, PC-PLC activity is not only required for lysis of primary vacuoles in human epithelial cells but is also necessary for efficient cell-to-cell spread. We speculate that the additional requirement for PC-PLC activity is for lysis of secondary double-membrane vacuoles formed during cell-to-cell spread.
JOXM: Java Object XML Mapping

Java object XML mapping (JOXM) is a library that supports the automated persistence and querying of Java objects in a native XML database. The goal of this library is to provide a suitable alternative to standard object-relational mapping (ORM) tools, most notably Hibernate. Unlike techniques such as XML-relational persistence, the storage mechanism provided by JOXM is transparent, allowing the developer to store, retrieve, and query typed Java objects as opposed to plain XML data.
STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING ABOUT PASTORAL CARE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN A NEW MILLENIUM

(2001). STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING ABOUT PASTORAL CARE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN A NEW MILLENIUM. Journal of Pastoral Theology: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 12-23.
O 16 (γ,n)O 15 Cross Section from Threshold to 65 MeV

The ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}(\ensuremath{\gamma},n){\mathrm{O}}^{15}$ cross section has been measured using least-structure analysis of photonuclear yield functions for energy to 65 MeV. In the giant-resonance energy region considerable structure is reported, in good agreement with structure reported using other methods. The resolution of the least-structure method is comparable to resolution obtained by other methods, and in certain energy regions is superior. The cross section extends to energy above the giant resonance, exhibiting prominent structure to the highest energy measured. Absolute cross sections are reported in good agreement with values obtained elsewhere from yield functions, but approximately 20% higher than measurements made using monochromatic photons.
Motion Kinematics vs. Angle of Attack Effects in High-Frequency Airfoil Pitch/Plunge

Sinusoidal, “trapezoidal” and “triangular” pitch, all with identical nominal angle of attack limits and reduced-frequency of oscillation are compared mutually and with a related sinusoidal plunge case, in a combined experimental-computational study. Experiments (particle image velocimetry and dye injection) were conducted in a water tunnel at Reynolds number 10,000 with a SD7003 airfoil spanning the test section, while computations were with a 2D immersed-boundary method at Reynolds numbers of 300 to 1200. Of particular interest is testing of the assertion that reduced frequency, Reynolds number and angle of attack limits are the governing parameters for aerodynamic loads time history and evolution of vortex shedding, especially at the airfoil leading edge. This turns out to not be the case. Comparing a sinusoidal and a trapezoidal pitch, the latter shows a pairing of trailing shed vortices at every half-stroke, and a stronger leading edge vortex. Linear ramp or “triangular” pitch exhibits similar wake structures to those of the sinusoid, but leading edge vorticity is less pronounced. And in comparing sinusoidal pitch and plunge, similar leading edge vortex shedding is found if the plunge amplitude is defined by the airfoil leading edge displacement from the pitch case, wherein the quasi-steady effective angle of attack in plunge becomes almost twice that of pitch. All four cases had markedly different lift coefficient time history, though the sinusoidal pitch and plunge were reasonably close.
Protection of hematopoietic cells against combined O6-benzylguanine and chloroethylnitrosourea treatment by mutant forms of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase.

This report demonstrates that expression of the P140A O6-methylguanine DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) mutant via retrovirus-mediated gene transfer leads to significant, but modest, resistance of cells to both 6-benzylguanine (6-BG) depletion and treatment with 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Expression of the P140A/G156A double mutant appeared to be associated with reduced or unstable protein in hematopoietic cells. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, Suppl. 2, S105–S109.
Management services organization for group practices

This article analyzes why management service organizations (MSOs) have become the major interface between group practices and managed care organizations as well as their advantages and disadvantages. It provides this information in the context of The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center's development and operation of an MSO in the Dallas/Fort Worth market.
Attack on Single Escherichia Coli Spheroplasts by Antimicrobial Peptides

Studies of the molecular mechanisms of AMPs are mostly performed with lipid bilayers.Thus there is a persistent question as to whether the action of AMPs on bacterial membranes can be reproduced on lipid bilayers. Recently Weisshaar and coworkers have studied the actions of AMPs on E. coli and Bacillus subtilis by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. The direct observation of the action of AMPs on bacteria revealed two key steps. The first is growth halting due to direct interference of AMP with cell wall synthesis and is recoverable. The second is permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane which is not recoverable. Here we study the direct action of AMPs on the cytoplasmic membranes by using E. coli spheroplasts, the cell form from which the outer membranes have been removed. The purpose is to compare the action on bacterial membranes with that on lipid bilayers. The key question is how to reveal the mechanisms of AMPs on bacterial membranes. First we observe the action of AMPs on giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made of E. coli total lipid extract.We used the aspiration method to hold the GUV in a solution containing a soluble dye molecule and a fluorescence labeled melittin to obtain the lipid bilayer response to an AMP. The same method was applied to spheroplasts to observe the action of AMPs on bacterial membranes. In both cases, we found first the binding of peptides expanded the membrane area. As the membrane area increased to ∼2-3%, the dye molecules began to leak in. After a time, we found the spheroplasts lost their phase contrast indicating the lose of the cell content. The same experiments were repeated with LL37 and magainin. We found that sytox green is not a good indicator of membrane permeability.
High Quality Factor Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities and their Applications

Wavelength-scale and high-Q photonic crystal resonators made in various materials (Si, Si3N4, III-Vs), as well as their application in novel single-photon sources and nonlinear wavelength conversion at single-photon level, will be discussed.
Notes on the Biology of the Stable-fly, Stomoxys calcitrans Linn.

A review of the literature pertaining to the Stable-fly, Stomoxys calcitrans Linn., revealed the fact that our knowledge of the life history of this important stock pest under constant temperature and humidity conditions was far from complete. In the course of an investigation which necessitated the rearing of large numbers of S. calcitrans ., a few notes on the life history of this insect were made which seem worthy of a brief presentation.
Kondolf diagram for river backwater restoration

Rehabilitation, protection, and management of riverine backwaters (floodplain aquatic habitats that are seasonally or periodically connected to the main channel) are becoming increasingly common. General criteria for selecting restoration goals and evaluating alternative designs are lacking. An approach for assessing aquatic system status before and after restoration proposed by Kondolf and others (http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss2/art5/) is based on assigning a position to the system in a four-dimensional space that represents temporal variability on one axis and connectivity in the three spatial dimensions on the remaining three axes. Use of the Kondolf approach for evaluating restoration design for an example site is described. A plan featuring two small water control weirs was proposed, and a simple numerical water budget model was constructed to allow simulation of temporal variability and connectivity with the main river channel for any imposed annual hydrograph. The impacts of varying the backwater control structure (weir) design and its operation on Kondolf position were assessed using the model.
Partial peroxidase deficiency in neutrophils and eosinophils associated with neurologic disease. Histochemical, cytochemical and biochemical studies.

Partial peroxidase deficiency was discovered by means of automated continuous-flow cytochemistry (Hemalog D) in the neutrophils and eosinophils of a patient admitted for evaluation of the gradual onset of intellectual deterioration. Wright’s stain and routine benzidine peroxidase reaction on peripheral blood smears showed a normal differential count and peroxidase activity, respectively, but smears stained for peroxidase using 4-chloro-l-naphthol, the reagent used in Hemalog D, showed absence of enzymatic activity in neutrophils and eosinophils. Electron microscopy using the Graham-Karnovsky diamino-benzidine method confirmed these findings, demonstrating a new pattern of peroxidase deficiency in which a decreased number of peroxidase-positive granules were found in all neutrophils and, surprisingly, also in eosinophils. Bio-chemical studies also showed that the apparent deficiency is due to an abnormal proportion of “insoluble” peroxidase. These results and the clinical findings for the patient are consistent with the diagnosis of ceroid lipofuscinosis (KuF’s disease).