cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous CP violation at the electroweak scale.

Utilizing results on the cosmology of anomalous discrete symmetries we show that models of spontaneous {ital CP} violation can in principle avoid the domain wall problem. A small but nonzero {theta}{sub QCD} explicitly breaks {ital CP} and can lift the degeneracy of the two {ital CP} conjugate vacua, so the domain walls become unstable, but can survive to cosmologically interesting epochs. We explore this in the context of a two-Higgs-doublet model. In this context, we show that axion solutions of the strong {ital CP} problem cannot be implemented without further extensions of the Higgs sector or other new physics.
Dimerization and a Novel Tax Speckled Structure Localization Signal Are Required for Tax Nuclear Localization

The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 oncoprotein Tax has pleiotropic activities, a subset of which likely leads to immortalization of T cells. Tax is expressed and known to function in both the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm. Tax has defined nuclear localization (NLS) and nuclear export signals that enable shuttling between the two compartments. In this study, we identified a novel region in Tax that targets the protein to discrete nuclear foci that we have previously termed Tax speckled structures (TSS). We demonstrated that the identified region is both necessary and sufficient for directing proteins to TSS. This novel TSS localization signal (TSLS), spanning amino acids 50 to 75, is separable from and adjacent to the NLS of Tax. Coexpression of a Tax NLS mutant and a Tax TSLS mutant rescued the nuclear entry and subnuclear TSS targeting of both proteins, demonstrating that these signals are independent domains. Our analysis also revealed that Tax proteins deficient for dimerization fail to localize to the nucleus. Consequently, when we restored dimerization via induction of a heterologous “dimerizer” domain, nuclear localization was rescued. Thus, we defined additional domains in Tax specific for nuclear localization and subnuclear targeting. Our results reveal a more complex network for regulation of Tax subcellular localization and subsequent function.
Alprazolam in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome : a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of alprazolam in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of alprazolam during eight menstrual cycles. Setting: Outpatient clinic at the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. Participants: Twenty-two women with prospectively confirmed premenstrual syndrome entered this study. All subjects were either self-referred or were referred by their physicians. All reported having regular menstrual cycle lengths, were taking no medication, and were free of current or recent medical or psychiatric illness. Two subjects did not complete the trial. Intervention: Participants were assigned to receive alprazolam or placebo as follows: cycle 1, 0.25 mg of alprazolam or placebo three times daily beginning on menstrual cycle day 16; cycle 2, 0.50 mg of alprazolam or placebo three times daily according to the regimen during the first cycle; cycles 3 and 4, 0.75 mg of alprazolam or placebo three times daily from menstrual cycle day 16 and continued throughout the fourth menstrual cycle to evaluate the efficacy of relatively long-term (approximately 6 weeks) treatment with alprazolam. Main Outcome Measures: Daily self-report symptoms ratings were completed during the entire study period. Results: We observed no significant differences in the severity of premenstrual symptom ratings during alprazolam administration compared with placebo on any scale except the Beck Depression Inventory Scale. The Beck Depression Inventory ratings demonstrated a statistically (F 1,19 =7.1, P Conclusion: Our findings do not support alprazolam as a uniformly effective treatment for the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
Editorial: green zones, green lines, and green lights

As we sit down to write this, two events dominate the international headlines—the full assumption of responsibility for security in the ‘‘Green Zone’’ by Iraqi national forces, marked by the opening of the US embassy in Baghdad; and the Israeli invasion of Gaza, after a week of aerial bombing, via ground forces in what they are calling ‘‘Operation Cast Lead.’’ It is tempting to label them together as ‘‘one step forward and one step back,’’ but one gets the sense that this is too grand a claim for even the proponents of these actions. In an odd and clearly non-reflective statement, US Undersecretary for Management, Patrick Kennedy announced the opening of the embassy by stating that he had signed the ‘‘Certificate of Occupancy’’ for the new building. Israel needed no such certificate, of course, because it is clear from the beginning that they have no intention of staying. Even the Jerusalem Post, on the eve of the invasion, published a guest editorial pointing out that Israel had refrained from announcing any far reaching political goals for the invasion, noting: ‘‘Uprooting Hamas rule from Gaza is beyond Israel’s power; it cannot install a new government in Gaza.’’ In both cases, the question is what to make of invasion when done without even the pretence of a will to govern? One could perhaps be thankful to live in a time when states are making fewer and fewer claims about their own ability to effect change—when management is the key
A thermolabile inhibitor of plasma coagulation.

BARIUM carbonate, used as an adsorbent for stable (platelet-free), oxalated, horse plasma (shaking with 10 mgm./ml. for 30 min. at 0° C.) removes prothrombin with an undialysable, thermolabile substance, destroyed by heating to 60° C. for 30 min. This substance, apparently an albumin, when added to non-activated plasma (without addition of brain thromboplastin), acts as an inhibitor of plasma coagulation.
Death of a Clinician: The Personal, Practical and Clinical Implications of Therapist Mortality

Death is inevitable and yet in US culture the discussion of death is somewhat taboo. Marriage and Family therapists are trained in the implications of grief and loss for clients who lose loved ones and yet examination of the impact of therapist mortality on clients is lacking in the clinical literature. This article examines ways that private practice therapists can both protect their client’s confidentiality and mitigate the impact of therapist sudden death on their clients with planning and forethought. In addition, the factors influencing the lack of empirical research on this topic is discussed in the context of social mores on death and how therapists’ own denial of mortality may impact their ability to connect with clients through the pain of grief and loss. Recommendations are made for therapists to evaluate their own attitudes towards mortality and develop a plan for client care in the event of their death.
Survival of higher animal cells after the formation and dissolution of intracellular ice

Presence of ice within cells usually is assumed to assure death, while larger ice formations are assumed to induce greater injury. Evidence is presented which questions these assumptions. MCSA and no. 440 parakeet tumors and C3H mouse skin were studied. Cell structure before freezing (control), while frozen, and after rewarming was correlated with survival on transplantation. Control and rewarmed tissue was fixed in Bouin's fluid and processed routinely. Microscopic sites and appearance of ice artifacts relative to frozen cells were preserved by the author's modified freeze-drying technique. Tissues were cooled to −75°C and −150°C at rates of from 1°C/min to 40°C/sec and rewarmed at 180°C/min. Tumor transplants were inoculated in and around the pectoralis major muscle of parakeets and followed as to appearance, size and microscopic structure. Using hair color as a marker, ventral to dorsal autografts of 8 mm full thickness circles of skin were made in 4–5 week old female mice. Data showed that (1) nucleus and cytoplasm were sites of ice formation in cooled cells, (2) little or no structural damage occurred in frozen-thawed tumors while skin often was altered noticeably, (3) % survival of tumors frozen slowly (1°C/min) was equal to that of controls, (4) 17% of frozen-thawed skin grafts survived, (5) freezethaw survival was greatest following the formation of the largest ice artifacts which were induced during slow freezing, (6) intracellular ice and structural alteration, therefore, need not be incompatible with survival.
Kinetics of metal organic-ammonia adduct decomposition: implications for group-III nitride MOCVD.

We have used infrared spectroscopy to investigate the decomposition of the gas-phase (Me)3M:NH3 (M = Al, Ga, In) adducts from room temperature to 573 K, at reactant concentrations in the nominal ra...
Hybrid tetramers of alkaline phosphatase

Abstract Hybrid tetramers of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase were constructed from two dimers distinguishable from each other by their densities. The possibility of subunit interchange between the two dimers associated in the tetramer was examined by characterizing the products of the dissociation of this tetramer. No interchange took place, from which it may be concluded that the structure of tetrameric alkaline phosphatase is maintained by isologous bonds between the subunits.
Epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistance among patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

During the first twelve months after ciprofloxacin was introduced for clinical use at our institution, 65 new patients were found to be either infected or colonized by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which were also ciprofloxacin resistant (CR-MRSA). Only 18 of these patients (28%) had been previously exposed to this antibiotic. Nine (50%) of the 18 patients had received ciprofloxacin for treatment for a pathogen other than MRSA. Although the initial cases of colonization or infection with CR-MRSA can be directly related to ciprofloxacin use, many of the subsequent cases of colonization and infection were not the consequence of ciprofloxacin therapy but rather hospital transmission of existing CR-MRSA.
A rapid dilution cuvette for kinetic studies of microtubule disassembly.

Abstract A rapid dilution cuvette has been designed for measurement of the rates of microtubule disassembly and the factors which stabilize tubules against dilution-induced depolymerization. The device minimizes microtubule shearing by obviating the passage of microtubules through small orifices, and optical measurements of the turbidity changes during disassembly are optimized by use of a long-path-length configuration. Details on the design and application of the rapid dilution cuvette to probe microtubule disassembly are described here. In principle, the method may be applied to study any indefinite polymerization process which is characterized by critical concentration phenomena.
Pattern running to differential reinforcement

Abstract Rats were trained in a straight alley runway to run for large vs small reward (16 vs 1 pellet) and intermediate vs small reward (4 vs 1 pellet) on alternate trials. Both groups produced pattern running (faster running speeds to the larger reward magnitude). Pattern running occurred after fewer trials for the 16 vs 1 pellet S s. Additional S s experienced 4 vs 1 pellet in a two-way straight alley runway (4 and 1 pellets were alternated and a given running direction was associated with a given reward magnitude). The exteroceptive cues in two-directional running produced pattern running after fewer trials than the conventional (one-way) pattern running situation. A transfer task that produced exteroceptive cues (two-way running) did not lead to more rapid acquisition of pattern running in the conventional one-way situation. In fact, S s maintained on the 1 vs 4 pellet (one-way) task showed evidence for pattern running after fewer trials than S s that experienced the transfer task.
A difference in creatine uptake between pectoralis and thigh muscles of the chicken.

Intravenos verabreichte Tracerdosis von14C-Kreatin fuhrt beim Huhn zur viermal hoheren Aufnahme im Biceps femoris als im Musculus pectoralis. Dieser muskulare Unterschied fallt fort, wenn gleichzeitig grosse Mengen nicht-radioaktiven Kreatins gegeben werden.
P700 sensitization by low concentration of DCMU in isolated pea chloroplasts.

Abstract Using steady-state relaxation spectrophotometric technique a P700 component ( t 1 2 ∼20 ms ) has been detected which was sensitized by low concentration (10−7M) DCMU in isolated broken chloroplasts of pea. The relative quantum yield of electron flux through DCMU-sensitized P700 was similar to that with methyl viologen or NADP as terminal electron acceptor and water as electron donor. Kinetic analysis showed that a small fraction (10%) of the total P700 reaction centers was sensitized by low DCMU.
Stress and Affiliation in a Hospital Setting Preoperative Roommate Preferences

This study examined stress and affiliation relationships in a natural setting by assessing the preoperative roommate preferences of 70 patients facing major (coronary bypass) surgery. No support was found for the notion, derived from social comparison theory, that novel, fear-inducing situations produce selective preferences for affiliation with others who are of similar emotional status (i.e., likewise facing threat). On the contrary, patients demonstrated a strong overall preference before surgery for a roommate who was postoperative (dissimilar emotional status) rather than preoperative (similar emotional status). The preference for a postoperative roommate held regardless of patient fear level and, with slight qualification, regardless of actual roommate assignment. Theoretical implications for social comparison formulations that have been applied to stress and affiliation research are discussed.
Optimal control of Mixed Logical Dynamical systems with Linear Temporal Logic specifications

Recently, linear temporal logic (LTL) has been employed as a tool for formal specification in dynamical control systems. With this formal approach, control systems can be designed to provably accomplish a large class of complex tasks specified via LTL. For this purpose, language generating Buchi automata with finite abstractions of dynamical systems have been used in the literature. In this paper, we take a mathematical programming-based approach to control of a broad class of discrete-time dynamical systems, called mixed logic dynamical (MLD) systems, with LTL specifications. MLDs include discontinuous and hybrid piecewise discrete-time linear systems. We apply these tools for model checking and optimal control of MLD systems with LTL specifications. Our algorithms exploit mixed integer linear programming (MILP) as well as, in the appropriate setting, mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP) techniques. Our solution approach introduces a general technique useful in representing LTL constraints as mixed-integer linear constraints.
e-Beam Spreading and Resulting Field Variations in CO2 Laser Plasmas

large optical cross sections using e-beam controlled discharges in CO2 and very recently6 with uv initiation of self-sustained discharges. Principal differences between these two methods are in the spatial variations of electron production for the e-beam and the difficulty in obtaining large optical aperture without arc development for the self-sustained discharge. This paper presents a closed form method for rapidly analyzing and predicting e-beam controlled discharges while accounting for the spatial variations of electron production. Predictions obtained from this method are compared to experimental measurements. The e-beam controlled discharge7'10 has been analyzed for CO2 gas mixtures at 1 atm pressure. Previous analytical methods required considerable computer time because they were based on Monte Carlo7'13 calculations for electron scattering to determine spatial source functions of electron energy disposition. Fixed sets of laser cavity configurations, gas compositions, and densities have been successfully modeled. A new and fast computational method for describing the spatial variations of electron energy disposition in e-beam controlled discharges has been developed. Primary electron range enhancement or de-enhancemen t effects are included, but backscattering and electron-runaway effects are neglected. Spatial variations in the resulting drift current density and applied field are easily determined using the "streamtube" continuity approximation.9 Experiments using a 10-1 discharge volume controlled by a 0.4 A/cm2, 175 kV ebeam were conducted to derive data for correlation. Experimental values of the effective recombination rate, the e
Asthma: The paradox of heterogeneity

It seems so simple. A 25-year-old, otherwise healthy woman with a history of multiple visits to an emergency department for asthma treatment in her childhood is in your office. She vaguely remembers using an inhaler every day when she ‘‘was little’’ but does not remember much else about it. She had no problems with her breathing from age 12 years until a few months ago, when she started to note increasing shortness of breath during her spinning sessions at the gym. She was ignoring this problem but now that she has a cold, she cannot sleep through the night because of wheeze and cough. Her history did not identify any environmental triggers, and the results of her skin test panel are negative. She has diffusewheezes, her FEV1 is 60% of her predicted value, and with 2 puffs of albuterol, her FEV1 increases to 85% of her predicted value. She has asthma. Without further diagnostics, you start her on an inhaled glucocorticosteroid (ICS); the odds are 2 out of 3 in your favor that her symptoms will improve. You are right. Three weeks later, she is symptomatically back to normal, and her lung function is near normal. You have donewell by her, but in your heart of hearts you know that something is missing. After years of treating patients with asthma, you know that this syndromic label means many different things. Asthma is a heterogeneous condition that, for the sake of first-line treatment, we have made homogenous. This is the paradox of heterogeneity. Asthmatic heterogeneity has been on caregivers’ minds for nearly a century. In 1918, Francis Rackemann described a series of 150 cases of bronchial asthma in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. He described extrinsic and intrinsic asthma, a classification still in use today, but there are lots of other kinds of asthmatic heterogeneity. Clinically, we also separate asthmatic patients by severity, with ‘‘severe asthma’’ thought to be a special category. However, there are also other ways to clinically classify asthma, such as exercise-induced, cold air– induced, and ozone-induced asthma. Over the years, we have also developed asthma classification schemes based on histologic phenotype, immune phenotype, genetic makeup, or treatment response.
Segregated Populations of Hippocampal Principal CA1 Neurons Mediating Conditioning and Extinction of Contextual Fear

Learning processes mediating conditioning and extinction of contextual fear require activation of several key signaling pathways in the hippocampus. Principal hippocampal CA1 neurons respond to fear conditioning by a coordinated activation of multiple protein kinases and immediate early genes, such as cFos, enabling rapid and lasting consolidation of contextual fear memory. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) additionally acts as a central mediator of fear extinction. It is not known however, whether these molecular events take place in overlapping or nonoverlapping neuronal populations. By using mouse models of conditioning and extinction of fear, we set out to determine the time course of cFos and Erk activity, their cellular overlap, and regulation by afferent cholinergic input from the medial septum. Analyses of cFos+ and pErk+ cells by immunofluorescence revealed predominant nuclear activation of either protein during conditioning and extinction of fear, respectively. Transgenic cFos-LacZ mice were further used to label in vivo Fos+ hippocampal cells during conditioning followed by pErk immunostaining after extinction. The results showed that these signaling molecules were activated in segregated populations of hippocampal principal neurons. Furthermore, immunotoxin-induced lesions of medial septal neurons, providing cholinergic input into the hippocampus, selectively abolished Erk activation and extinction of fear without affecting cFos responses and conditioning. These results demonstrate that extinction mechanisms based on Erk signaling involve a specific population of CA1 principal neurons distinctively regulated by afferent cholinergic input from the medial septum.
Carboxylic acid to amide hydrogen bonding. 10-Oxo-semirubins

Abstract Using their amide (and pyrrole) groups, dipyrrinones act as hydrogen bonding receptors for carboxylic acids, as found in a large number of 10-oxo-semirubins (1–6). The latter can be synthesized readily by Friedel–Crafts coupling of 9-H dipyrrinones with half-ester acid chlorides or diacid dichlorides of α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, ranging from C2 to C10. With ω-oxo-alkanoic acid chains of C5 or ≥C5, intramolecular hydrogen bonding is observed. With acid chains
Homeostasis of the apical plasma membrane during regulated exocytosis in the salivary glands of live rodents.

In exocrine organs such as the salivary glands, fluids and proteins are secreted into ductal structures by distinct mechanisms that are tightly coupled. In the acinar cells, the major secretory units of the salivary glands, fluids are secreted into the acinar canaliculi through paracellular and intracellular transport, whereas proteins are stored in large granules that undergo exocytosis and fuse with the apical plasma membranes releasing their content into the canaliculi. Both secretory processes elicit a remodeling of the apical plasma membrane that has not been fully addressed in in vitro or ex vivo models. Recently, we have studied regulated exocytosis in the salivary glands of live rodents, focusing on the role that actin and myosin plays in this process. We observed that during exocytosis both secretory granules and canaliculi are subjected to the hydrostatic pressure generated by fluid secretion. Furthermore, the absorption of the membranes of the secretory granules contributes to the expansion and...
Formation of novel diaza-metallacycles by insertion of tungsten(II) aryloxides into aromatic diazine rings

The tungsten(II) aryloxide [W(OC6HPh3-η6-C6H5)(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)(PMe3)] (1) (OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6 = 2,3,5,6-tetraphenylphenoxide) cleanly inserts into the aromatic diazine rings of pyridazine, benzo[c]cinnoline and phthalazine.
Pharmacologically Induced Resistance to Heat Shock 2. Modifications of Activity of the Central-Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Abstract OBSERVATIONS (Van Matre et al., 1957; Burger and Lorenz, 1960) on the life-prolonging action of reserpine and chlorpromazine in chickens subjected to heat shock led to further experiments, reported in abstract by Burger et al. (1957), designed to elucidate the physiological processes involved. This paper places on record experiments with various central-nervous-system (CNS) depressants, with drugs known to have specific effects on the adrenal and/or autonomic systems, and with adrenal cortical hormones. MATERIALS AND METHODS S. C. White Leghorn chickens from the Departmental flock were subjected to heat shock as previously described (Burger and Lorenz, 1960). Various drugs and hormones were administered either orally or parenterally to chicks ranging in age from 4 to 14 weeks. The diet and procedure for mixing supplements were described by Burger et al. (1959). Injections were made into the breast muscle once daily; the last injection was about one hour before the birds were …
Band-Split Forward-Path Cartesian Feedback for Multicarrier TETRA RF Power Amplifiers

This paper demonstrates a TETRA base-station RF power amplifier (RFPA) with state-of-the-art linearity and noise performance for the UHF band. Very high linearity is achieved at considerable power levels using a combination of a linear class-A/B RFPA, a novel dual-path Cartesian-feedback structure with RF reference injection, and high-order loop filters. It is demonstrated how the limitation on linearization bandwidth imposed by RFPA group delay can be alleviated by the introduction of an auxiliary low-power RFPA to the system. A 10-MHz (baseband) bandwidth loop is closed around a 200-W LDMOS RFPA with 20-ns group delay. Basic small-signal and noise/distortion analysis of the adopted approach is presented. Experimental validation of the approach is done with a noncontiguous dual-carrier TETRA signal with 25-500-kHz carrier spacing. Intermodulation performance in the -80-dBc area is demonstrated along with a linearization system noise floor of -130 to -110 dBc, all achieved from a +45- to +46-dBm RF output power level with 23-27% LDMOS RFPA drain efficiency.
Concordance of multiple analytical approaches demonstrates a complex relationship between DNA repair gene SNPs, smoking and bladder cancer susceptibility

Study results of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cancer susceptibility are often conflicting, possibly because of the analytic challenges of testing for multiple genetic and environmental risk factors using traditional analytic tools. We investigated the relationship between DNA repair gene SNPs, smoking, and bladder cancer susceptibility in 355 cases and 559 controls enrolled in a population-based study of bladder cancer in the US. Our multifaceted analytical approach included logistic regression, multifactor dimensionality reduction, and hierarchical interaction graphs for the analysis of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions followed by linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis. Overall, we did not find an association between any single DNA repair gene SNP and bladder cancer risk. We did find a marginally significant elevated risk of the XPD codon 751 homozygote variant among never smokers [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-6.2]. In addition, the XRCC1 194 variant allele was associated with a reduced bladder cancer risk among heavy smokers [adjusted OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9)]. The best predictors of bladder cancer included the XPD codon 751 and 312 SNPs along with smoking. Interpretation of this multifactor model revealed that the relationship between the XPD SNPs and bladder cancer is mostly non-additive while the effect of smoking is mostly additive. Since the two XPD SNPs are in significant linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.52, P = 0.0001), we estimated XPD haplotypes. Individuals with variant XPD haplotypes were more susceptible to bladder cancer [e.g. adjusted OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7-3.6] and the effect was magnified when smoking was considered. These results support the hypothesis that common polymorphisms in DNA repair genes modify bladder cancer risk and emphasize the need for a multifaceted statistical approach to identify gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.
STOLEN!: categories of in-context response to unauthorized reuse of user-generated media

In this poster, we describe the current findings of a work-in-progress that seeks to understand the normative climate that arises within user-generated media communities when contributions are interpreted as stolen or otherwise misappropriated. We outline our data collection on the photosharing service flickr.com and then briefly discuss the emergent categories of user response to perceived unauthorized reuse that appear within our sample.
The CAAT-binding transcription factor 1/nuclear factor 1 binding site is important in β-myosin heavy chain antisense promoter regulation in rats

The rat heart expresses two myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, beta and alpha; these genes are arranged in tandem on the same chromosome. We have reported that an antisense (AS) beta RNA starts in the intergenic (IG) region between beta and alpha genes and extends to overlap the beta gene. We propose that in adult rats, both the alpha sense and IG betaAS RNA expression are activated by an IG bidirectional promoter and that the transcription of betaAS RNA interferes with the sense beta, resulting in low levels of beta mRNA and high levels of alpha, a phenotype seen in a typical rat heart. A previous report examined the activity of the betaAS promoter and showed that a 559 bp fragment of the betaAS promoter (-2285 to -1726; relative to alphaMHC gene start site) injected into rat ventricle was activated in control heart, and decreased significantly in response to hypothyroidism (propylthiouracil induced) and diabetes (streptozotocin induced) and increased in hyperthyroid rats (T(3) induced), similar in pattern to the endogenous betaAS RNA. In the present paper, we demonstrate with electrophoretic mobility shift analyses that ventricular nuclear proteins are interacting with a nuclear factor 1/CAAT-binding transcription factor 1 (NF1/CTF1) binding site, and a supershift assay indicates that the protein binding at this site is antigenetically related to the CTF1/NF1 factor. Moreover, a mutation of the CTF1/NF1 site within the 559 bp promoter region nearly abolished promoter activity in vivo in control, STZ- and PTU-treated rats. Based on these findings, we conclude that the NF1 site is critical to betaAS promoter regulation.
Processing of multilayered filament composites by melt blown spinning

Newly designed layer multiplying blocks are introduced in the process line of a melt blown spinning machine. The layer multiplying blocks have the capability to produce filament composites up to 1025 layers. Multilayer filament composites of polypropylene (PP) with poly(caprolactone) (PCL), a water soluble polyester or poly(l-lactic acid) are successfully produced in the form of nonwovens. Selected samples of PP/PCL are delaminated using the following methods: semi-crystalline PP/PCL samples are soaked in chloroform and agitated, and amorphous PP/PCL samples are subjected to mechanical stress in the axial spinning direction. Results show the possibility to create thin ribbons with extremely high surface area. The produced nonwovens and ribbons are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and by differential scanning calorimetry. The extremely high surface area ribbons can be applied in different fields where high surface area is required, such as filtration, energy applications, catalysis, or tissue engineering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40786.
External beam radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid cancer.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Methods Forty-two patients with a locally advanced or recurrent differentiated thyroid carcinoma received high-dose EBRT. Thirty-three patients had local-regional disease and 9 patients also had asymptomatic disease metastases. Twenty patients (48%) had macroscopic local-regional disease before EBRT. Results The 5-year outcomes for the overall population and for the subset of those without distant metastases before EBRT were local-regional control (88% and 89%, respectively), cause-specific survival (80% and 86%, respectively), and overall survival (54% and 60%, respectively). Local-regional control was improved for patients with microscopic residual disease compared with macroscopic disease, those with previously untreated tumors, and for those who received more than 64 Gy. Conclusion EBRT increases the likelihood of local-regional control for patients with locally advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Cross-Context Benefit Transfer: A Bayesian Search for Information Pools

Commodity equivalence and population similarity are two widely accepted paradigms for the valid transfer of welfare estimates across resource valuation contexts. We argue that strict adherence to these rules may leave relevant information untapped, and propose a Bayesian model search algorithm that examines the probabilities with which two or more sub‐sets of meta‐data, each corresponding to a different combination of commodity and population, share common value distributions. Using a large meta‐data set of willingness‐to‐pay for diverse outdoor activities across various regions of the United States as an example, we find strong potential for contexts that would not traditionally be considered as transfer candidates to form information pools. Exploiting these commonalities leads to substantial efficiency gains for benefit estimates.
Formation of a Fluorous/Organic Biphasic Supramolecular Octopus Assembly for Enhanced Porphyrin Phosphorescence in Air

The trinuclear triangle-shaped system [tris{3,5-bis(heptafluoropropyl)-1,2,4-triazolatosilver(I)}] (1) and the multi-armed square-shaped metalloporphyrin PtOEP or the free porphyrin base H2OEP serve as excellent octopus hosts (OEP=2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine). Coupling of the fluorous/organic molecular octopi 1 and H2OEP or PtOEP by strong quadrupole-quadrupole and metal-π interactions affords the supramolecular assemblies [1⋅PtOEP] or [1⋅H2OEP] (2 a), which feature nanoscopic cavities surrounding the upper triangular and lower square cores. The fluorous/organic biphasic configuration of [1⋅PtOEP] leads to an increase in the phosphorescence of PtOEP under ambient conditions. Guest molecules can be included in the biphasic double-octopus assembly in three different site-selective modes.
Recent Developments is Assisted Reproductive Technologies

This symposium presentation addresses recent development in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTS), but strays from that topic to discuss the implication of Lawrence v. Texas on reproductive issues. It argues, that carried to the logical extreme, Lawrence v. Texas could have profound effects on procreative liberty. ARTS allows women to reproduce without interaction from men. In ARTS we are talking about reproduction removed from sex, while in Lawrence we are talking about sexual relationships. The Lawrence Court’s approval of substantive due process, acceptance of a principle that moral reasons cannot underlie secular law, and international human rights normal can be a basis for interpreting American law all indicate a positive outlook for reproductive rights.
Avoidance in hypochondriasis

Abstract The DSM-5 diagnosis of illness anxiety disorder adds avoidance as a component of a behavioral response to illness fears – one that was not present in prior DSM criteria of hypochondriasis. However, maladaptive avoidance as a necessary or useful criterion has yet to be empirically supported. Methods 195 individuals meeting DSM-IV criteria for hypochondriasis based on structured interview completed a variety of self-report and clinician-administered assessments. Data on maladaptive avoidance were obtained using the six-item subscale of the clinician-administered Hypochondriasis - Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale – Modified. To determine if avoidance emerged as a useful indicator in hypochondriasis, we compared the relative fit of continuous latent trait, categorical latent class, and hybrid factor mixture models. Results A two-class factor mixture model fit the data best, with Class 1 ( n = 147) exhibiting a greater level of severity of avoidance than Class 2 ( n = 48). The more severely avoidant group was found to have higher levels of hypochondriacal symptom severity, functional impairment, and anxiety, as well as lower quality of life. Conclusion These results suggest that avoidance may be a valid behavioral construct and a useful component of the new diagnostic criteria of illness anxiety in the DSM-5 , with implications for somatic symptom disorder.
Analytical Probability Distributions

This note introduces four analytical probability distributions and the underlying uncertain processes from which they can be derived. It demonstrates that, when we can build a reasonable model of an uncertain process, we can use the model to derive the probability distribution from fundamental principles and forgo the chore of estimating the distribution subjectively by assessing fractiles. The probability distributions discussed are the binomial, normal, Poisson, and exponential. The associated processes discussed include counting, accumulation, Poisson, and memoryless. The note emphasizes that, although these probability distributions have many legitimate applications, they are applicable only when the specific assumptions about the underlying processes are satisfied--that is, when the uncertain quantity is obtained from a process similar to the one used to drive the probability distribution in the first place.
The absence of evidence of absence of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet

The mid-Pliocene warm period between ca. 3 Ma and 3.3 Ma was the last time the atmospheric CO2 concentration was as high as it is today. Global sea level was higher than it is now, because the Greenland ice sheet and some portion of the Antarctic ice sheets were not present. If atmospheric CO2,
What is the vergence-accommodation conflict and how do we fix it?

The next wave of virtual reality technology might turn to light field displays to solve a dizzying problem.
The Federal Bureaucracy and the Change of Administration

The period starting November 5, 1952 has been called “The Time of the Jitters” for the middle and upper levels of the federal bureaucracy. Political change is usually disruptive and always accompanied by uncertainty and insecurity. Intellectual acceptance of this truism does not insulate one from the effects any more than death and taxes, for all their recognized inevitability, cease to be sources of distress. There were many reasons to anticipate that the 1952 election might result in a greater than usual degree of change, or at least of uncertainty. In many ways there were no real American precedents for the situation. The period of executive control by the outgoing party had been characterized by the unusual duration of 20 years, by highly controversial political policy, and by profound social change. This was the first change of administration under conditions of modern Big Government—the first since the American government found itself with accepted broad welfare and economic responsibility on the domestic scene and with major power responsibilities in a divided and warring world. Since the last full change, the size of the federal civil service had increased over 400 per cent, governmental expenditures over 16 fold. This was also to be the first full change of administration to show the effects of the 20th Amendment.
Removal by heparin-MnCl2 of nonspecific rubella hemagglutinin serum inhibitor.

SummaryRubella HI nonspecific inhibitor is removed from serum more effectively by heparin-MnCl2 than by kaolin. Heparin-MnCl2 treatment removes beta-lipoprotein from serum; kaolin does this less efficiently. Among 100 elderly persons, 99 were found to have rubella HI antibodies.
Prospects for Worldwide Control of Paralytic Poliomyelitis: A Discussion

In the notes to speakers and other participants distributed prior to this symposium, it was stated that it is "important that all presentations, comments and discussions be devoted to new information." What "new information" can the last discussant on the last day of such a remarkable three and one-half day meeting present that is relevant? In particular, how does that information relate to the prospects for worldwide control, the subject of this final session? The notes to speakers also stated that one purpose of the symposium is "the identification of research needs critical to the worldwide control" of poliomyelitis, suggesting, by inference, that the products of this research would determine "the feasibility of the eradication" of the disease. As a representative of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and its National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the major source of support for basic research in microbiology and infectious diseases, and as one who has listened to the technologic and public-health achievements recounted by previous speakers, I propose to address the joint questions of research and feasibility. As for "new information," I report that the NIAID currently (March 1983) supports only 10 research grants and four individual research training grants for studies on polioviruses, at a direct cost of $1,065,787. These investigators, three of whom discussed their research with you yesterday, are examining various aspects of the molecular biology of polioviruses. Their goal is to learn more about viruses, not to develop a better vaccine, although it is clear that the latter may result. This modest research effort may be contrasted with the 31 research grants and one training grant funded in fiscal year 1982 by NIAID for research on genital herpes, at a cost of $3,777,000. Since the
Surface-Induced Anisotropic Binding of a Rhenium CO2-Reduction Catalyst on Rutile TiO2(110) Surfaces

Vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy has been utilized to study the spatial orientation and alignment of Re(CO)3Cl(dcbpy) (dcbpy = 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine) (or ReC0A) on the (001) and (110) surfaces of rutile single-crystalline TiO2. The SFG intensity of the CO stretching modes shows an isotropic distribution on the (001) surface and an anisotropic distribution on the (110) surfaces with respect to the in-plane rotation of the crystal relative to the surface normal (or the incident laser beam plane). By combining these results with ab initio SFG simulations and with modeling of ReC0A–TiO2 cluster binding structures at the density functional theory level, we reveal that the origin of the optical anisotropy for ReC0A on the TiO2(110) surface is associated with the binding preference of ReC0A along the [−110] axis. Along this direction, the binding structure is energetically favorable, because of the formation of proper hydrogen bonding between the carboxylate group and passivating ...
Die Psychodynamik des Antijudaismus in historischer Perspektive

Nach Auffassung des Autors ist Antijudaismus Ausdruck eines verdeckten Antichristentums, hinter dem sich eine unbewuste Auflehnung gegen Christus verbirgt. Dem Juden werden die unbewusten Aggressionen aufgeburdet, er wird zum Sundenbock, gegen den drei Beschuldigungen erhoben werden: die Ermordung Christi, die Hostienschandung und der rituelle Kindermord. Der Autor zeigt diese Blutschuldanklagen in einer historischen Linie vom Mittelalter bis in die heutige Zeit auf. Die Suche nach Sundenbocken ist ein universelles Phanomen, das nicht nur im Antijudaismus zu finden ist, sondern sich allgemein in Situationen sozialer und politischer Unsicherheit manifestiert. Um diese These zu belegen, bezieht sich der Autor auf historische Dokumente aus dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, die sich mit der Bedrohung Chinas durch Japans Militar befassen, sowie auf die Rassenunruhen in Los Angeles im Fruhjahr dieses Jahres.
Probing cytoplasmic viscosity in the confined geometry of tip-growing plant cells via FRAP

Understanding plant growth and development is essential to develop the future technologies necessary to meet the anticipated needs of a growing world population. Because plant growth is a manifestation of cellular growth, it is of prime importance to develop a mechanistic understanding of plant cell growth. Transport of cellular cargo, such as proteins, in growing plant cells is essential as it facilitates growth. Developing a quantitative model of growth requires knowledge of the surrounding medium, i.e. the cytoplasm and its inherent properties. Here, we performed Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) in tip-growing Physcomitrella patens cells, to determine the diffusion coefficient of 3xmEGFP, and calculate an effective cytoplasmic viscosity. In order to interpret the experimental measurements correctly and accurately estimate the diffusion coefficient, we developed a three-dimensional comprehen- sive computational model of the FRAP process, including particle diffusion, the cell boundary effects, and the optical properties of the scanning confocal microscope. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such an estimate of the viscosity for particles at this length scale is reported for a plant cell. Our model allows us to determine the degree at which cell boundary and optical effects confound the interpretation of FRAP recovery curves, the bound fraction of fluorescent proteins, and the number of dynamic states of a given fluorescent protein. The presented FRAP model has a wide range of appli- cability across many cell types including plant, animal, and fungal cells, particularly in the presence of otherwise prohibitive geometries.
Two-Score Years Ago

Meeting and working with H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., 40 years ago changed my life in ways for which I am ever grateful. I have had the privilege of elsewhere publishing a personal portrait of my friend and colleague, Herr Professor Dr. Med. Dr. Phil. Engelhardt (McCullough 1997). Here I want to touch on two aspects of my history with Tris: my first days with Tris in Galveston, Texas; and as the beneficiary of the most impressive and effective academic placement service I have ever encountered and ever expect to encounter.
A multiple-gene phylogeny reveals polyphyly among eastern North American Aphaenogaster species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Twenty-three Aphaenogaster species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) occur in North America. While morphology and ecology define most species, the species limits of a group in the Eastern United States are unclear. In particular, the morphological and behavioural characters of A. carolinensis, A. picea and A. rudis overlap. These observations suggest that these three species are not monophyletic. We therefore tested the monophyly of Aphaenogaster in the context of molecular phylogenetic analyses. We used DNA data from five genes: CO1, CAD, EF1αF2, long-wavelength rhodopsin and wingless, to reconstruct phylogenies for 44 Aphaenogaster and outgroup species. In the resulting trees, reconstructed using parsimony and Bayesian inference, species boundaries associated with well-supported monophyletic clades of individuals in most of the 23 North American Aphaenogaster collected from multiple locations. However, some clades were unresolved, and both A. picea and A. rudis were not monophyletic. Although this may indicate that clades of multiple species represent fewer but morphologically varied species, given the short branch lengths, the lack of resolution may reflect the fact that these ants have recently radiated, and a lack of gene lineage sorting explains the non-monophyly of species. Additional biological information concerning pre- and postmating barriers is needed before a complete revision of species boundaries for Aphaenogaster.