cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The C1 domain of protein kinase C as a lipid bilayer surface sensing module.

The activity of membrane-associated protein kinase C (PKC) is tightly controlled by the physical properties of the membrane lipid bilayer, in particular, curvature stress, which is induced by bilayer-destabilizing lipid components. An important example of this is the weakened lipid headgroup interactions induced by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and cholesterol. In this work our previous observation with a mixed isoform PKC showing a biphasic dependence of activity as a function of membrane curvature stress [Slater et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 4866−4871] was here extended to individual isoforms. The Ca2+-dependent PKCα, PKCβ, and PKCγ, along with Ca2+-independent PKCδ, but not PKCe or PKCζ, displayed a biphasic activity as a function of membrane PE content. The fluorescence anisotropy of N-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)dioleoylphosphatidylserine (dansyl-PS), which probes the lipid environment of PKC, also followed a biphasic profile as a function of PE content for full-length PKCα, PKCβΙΙ, an...
Affinity labeling of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and elongation factor 1 αβγ with GTP analogs

As part of an attempt to understand the specific function and role of each subunit in multisubunit protein synthesis factors, we have attempted to identify the nucleotide binding peptides of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2). To ensure that the interactions were of a specific nature, two general controls were used: first, other protein factors with characterized GTP binding activity were tested; second, all affinity labeling was checked for nucleotide specificity by protection with the authentic nucleotide at a 10-fold molar excess over the affinity reagent. Results with a number of GTP modifying reagents ([alpha-32P]GTP, [alpha-32P]GDP, oxidized [alpha-32P]GTP, 3'-p-azidobenzoyl-[alpha-32P]GTP, 3'-p-azidobenzoyl-[alpha-32P]GDP, and 5'-p-[8-3H]fluorosulfonylbenzoyl guanosine) indicate that appropriate conditions for both nucleotide and subunit specific labeling have been achieved. Under these conditions all reagents modified the beta subunit of eIF-2. Complementary studies with subunit-deficient forms of eIF-2 also suggest that the beta subunit of eIF-2 is involved with GTP binding. Coupled with other data suggesting that the gamma subunit of eIF-2 might be involved in GTP binding and amino acid sequence data of eIF-2 gamma from which a part of a GTP binding consensus sequence can be localized, support is provided for the concept of alternate GTP binding domains or a GTP binding domain shared between different subunits of eIF-2.
On the dynamic electromechanical loading of dielectric elastomer membranes

Abstract Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have received considerable attention recently due to large voltage-induced strains, which can be over 100%. Previously, a large deformation quasi-static model that describes the out-of-plane deformations of clamped diaphragms was derived. The numerical model results compare well with quasi-static experimental results for the same configuration. With relevance to dynamic applications, the time-varying response of initially planar dielectric elastomer membranes configured for out-of-plane deformations has not been reported until now. In this paper, an experimental investigation and analysis of the dynamic response of a dielectric elastomer membrane is reported. The experiments were conducted with prestretched DEAs fabricated from 0.5 mm thick polyacrylate films and carbon grease electrodes. The experiments covered the electromechanical spectrum by investigating membrane response due to (i) a time-varying voltage input and (ii) a time-varying pressure input, resulting in a combined electromechanical loading state in both cases. For the time-varying voltage experiments, the membrane had a prestretch of three and was passively inflated to various predetermined states, and then actuated. The pole strains incurred during the inflation were as high as 25.6%, corresponding to slightly less than a hemispherical state. On actuation, the membrane would inflate further, causing a maximum additional strain of 9.5%. For the time-varying pressure experiments, the prestretched membrane was inflated and deflated mechanically while a constant voltage was applied. The membrane was cycled between various predetermined inflation states, the largest of which was nearly hemispherical, which with an applied constant voltage of 3 kV corresponded to a maximum polar strain of 28%. The results from these experiments reveal that the response of the membrane is a departure from the classical dynamic response of continuum membrane structures. The dynamic response of the membrane is that of a damped system with specific deformation shapes reminiscent of the classical membrane mode shapes but without same-phase oscillation, that is to say all parts of the system do not pass through the equilibrium configuration at the same time. Of particular interest is the ability to excite these deformations through a varying electrical load at constant mechanical pressure.
Age as a Predictor of Adequate Warning Design

Although hundreds of studies have been conducted in the separate fields of cognitive aging and warnings, little is known about the intersection of aging and warnings. In recent years, there has been a growth in interest regarding how age-related declines in cognitive functioning might affect different stages of the warning process. This paper discusses how chronological age may be used in warnings research as a means of determining whether warnings are processed effectively. Generalizations to other special subpopulations are made.
High‐Temperature Failure of an Alumina‐Silicon Carbide Composite under Cyclic loads: Mechanisms of Fatigue Crack‐Tip Damage

Experimental results are presented on the mechanisms of tensile cyclic fatigue crack growth in an A1203-33-vol%-SiC-whisker composite at 1400°C. The ceramic composite exhibits subcritical fatigue crack propagation at stress-intensity-fator values far below the fracture toughness. The fatigue characterized by the stressintensity-factor range, ΔK, and crack propagation rates are found to be strongly sensitive to the mean stress (load ratio) and the frequency of the fatigue cycle. Detailed transmission electron microscopy of the fatigue crack-tip region, in conjunction with optical microscopy, reveals that the principal mechanism of permanent damage ahead of the advancing crack is the nucleation and growth of interfacial flaws. The oxidation of Sic whiskers in the crack-tip region leads to the formation of a silica-glass phase in the 1400°C air environment. The viscous flow of glass causes debonding of the whisker-matrix interface; the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of interfacial cavities aids in developing a diffuse microcrack zone at the fatigue crack tip. The shielding effect and periodic crack branching promoted by the microcracks result in an apparently benefcial fatigue crack-growth resistance in the A1203—SiC composite, as compared with the unreinforced alumina with a comparable grain size. A comparison of static and cyclic load crack velocities is provided to gain insight into the mechanisms of elevated temperature fatigue in ceramic composites.
Strengthening associations: duration, attention, or relations?

Associations formed between two words when subjects were induced to maintain the two words by overt Type I rehearsal in a secondary, incidental learning task. Duration of the rehearsal activity, however, failed to strengthen the association (improve memory for cooccurrence), despite use of transfer-appropriate recognition tests and sensitive paired-associate learning transfer tasks used to measure associative strength. In addition, varying the amount of cognitive capacity allocated to the rehearsal task also failed to produce evidence of increases in associative strength with longer durations of Type I rehearsal. These results disconfirmed a hypothesis suggesting that the automaticity of the rehearsal process was responsible for the lack of duration effects. The results are consistent with the idea that association formation is dependent upon processing a relation between two words, and that the strength of the association is a function of the number of different relations processed, rather than being solely dependent on either sheer duration of processing or the amount of cognitive capacity devoted to processing.
Optimal diet theory: behavior of a starved predatory snail

The tenets of optimal foraging theory are used to contrast the behavior of the predatory snail Acantina spirata when feeding on the barnacles Balanus glandula and Chthamalus fissus under conditions of satiation and starvation. As predicted in optimal diet models, A. spirata is less selective (ratio of attack frequency on a prey species to number of individuals available) when the higher ranking prey has low abundance. When given a choice, starved snails attack both barnacle species equally, whereas satiated individuals preferentially attack B. glandula, the more profitable prey (ash-free dry weight of barnacles ingested per unit handling time). Under starvation conditions, equal attack frequency does not result in equal prey species consumption because Acanthina spirata is more successful at attacking C. fissus than B. glandula.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Nicotinic Receptor Probe 7,8-Difluoro-1,2,3,4,5,6- hexahydro-1,5-methano-3-benzazocine

The development of a concise enantioselective synthesis of nicotinic alkaloid 1 is presented. The route features the synthesis and use of a “stable” aliphatic triflate 21 in an alkylation step to generate Heck precursor 24 and an enantioselective cyclization to establish a compound with the key [3.2.1]-bicyclic core, 29.
Vancomycin Covalently Bonded to Titanium Beads Kills Staphylococcus aureus

Summary Periprosthetic infections are life-threatening complications that occur in about 6% of medical device insertions. Stringent sterile techniques have reduced the incidence of infections, but many implant patients are at high risk for infection, especially the elderly, diabetic, and immune compromised. Moreover, because of low vascularity at the site of the new implant, antibiotic prophylaxis is often not effective. To address this problem, we designed a covalent modification to titanium implant surfaces to render them bactericidal. Specifically, we aminopropylated titanium, a widely used implant material and extended a tether by solid phase coupling of ethylene glycol linkers, followed by solid phase coupling of vancomycin. Vancomycin covalently attached to titanium still bound soluble bacterial peptidoglycan, reduced Staphylococcus aureus colony-forming units by 88% ± 16% over 2 hr, and retained antibacterial activity upon a repeated challenge.
A 1-GHz charge-packet replicator/subtractor circuit for GaAs CCD signal processing

A novel charge-packet replicator/subtractor circuit based on GaAs charge-coupled device (CCD) technology is described. The circuit exhibits linear gain of 0.989 operating at 1-GHz replication frequency, while consuming only several milliwatts of dynamic power. Experimental results for a prototype circuit operating over the frequency range of 1 MHz to 1 GHz are presented. Due to the low parasitic capacitance of the GaAs semi-insulating substrate, the gain is linear and nearly unity. The chip area required for the circuit consists of several CCD gates and a small MESFET. Based on C-V measurements, the dynamic power consumed for the replication/subtraction process (operating with 5-V clock swings) is estimated to be on the order of several milliwatts at 1 GHz where the operation takes place in 1 ns. Design constraints are outlined and compared to experimental results in an effort to explore the tradeoff between speed and gain. The circuit is shown to be relatively insensitive to the precise voltages used during operation. >
Persistence of capsicum oleoresin in soil

Abstract We studied the persistence of capsicum oleoresin in a sandy loam soil. Five capsicum–soil concentrations (6.00%, 3.00%, 1.50%, 0.75%, and 0.00% wt : vol) were prepared in separate plastic boxes without lids; soils were elevated above wire-screen sub-floors to allow percolation and were exposed outdoors to ambient conditions. Plexiglass shields were placed above the boxes to allow ventilation but to deflect precipitation. During an initial 14-day period, soils were sprinkled once daily with 0.64 ml / cm 2 of water to simulate rainfall, then were maintained dry for a final 14 days . Spectrophotometric measurements (282 nm capsaicin wavelength) of independent, dual, oven-dried, 10-g samples from each soil mixture were made for Days 0 (pre-watering), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 28 post mixing. Results showed that: (1) simulated rainfall was an important linear regressor of capsicum oleoresin in a sandy loam soil accounting for 43–75% of spectrophotometric variation, (2) mean λ max absorbance (282 nm ) of soil extracts decreased ⩾45% after cumulative sprinkling with 8.96 cm of water (14 days of 0.64 cm / day ) , then remained essentially unchanged during a subsequent 14 days without simulated rainfall, and (3) regression slopes for the initial 14-day mean λ max absorbance functions for the 4 oleoresin–soil mixtures were heterogeneous (i.e., differed in slope), with greater concentrations showing relatively faster depletion. Thus, capsicum oleoresin persisted in soil for ⩾ 28 days , with persistence enhanced under arid conditions. Although costs of capsicum oleoresin are prohibitive, these persistence data support the feasibility of developing “in-soil irritant” technology to repel fossorial rodents from prescribed areas—a less expensive, persistent irritant is sought.
Factors affecting the origin of the ovulatory follicle in heifers with induced luteolysis

Seventeen nulliparous Holstein heifers were treated with a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) on Day 8 (Day 0 = day of pretreatment ovulation) when the dominant follicle of the first follicular wave (Wave 1) was expected to be in the static phase. Wave 2 was first detected on Days 8 or 9 in 2 of the 14 and 3 of the 3 heifers that ovulated from Waves 1 and 2, respectively. That is, most heifers treated with PGF on Day 8 ovulated from the dominant follicle of Wave 1, except when Wave 2 emerged early, in heifers that ovulated from Wave 1, the dominant follicle increased (P < 0.0001) in diameter from Day 8 to the day prior to post-treatment ovulation (mean increase, 2.3 mm), even though it had apparently reached its maximum diameter before the induction of luteolysis. Heifers ovulating from the dominant follicle of Wave 1 differed from heifers ovulating from the dominant follicle of Wave 2 in the following ways: change in diameter of the ovulatory follicle from day of treatment to day of post-treatment ovulation (means, 2.3 versus 9.0 mm, P < 0.0001), diameter of Wave-1 dominant follicle on the day prior to post-treatment ovulation (means, 17.6 versus 13.7 mm, P < 0.0005); and length of the interval from day of treatment to day of post-treatment ovulation (means, 4.2 versus 6.3 days, P < 0.03). Following ovulation after the PGF-induced luteolysis, 11 heifers had two-wave estrous cycles and 5 had three-wave cycles. Three-wave cycles were associated with an earlier emergence of Wave 2 and a longer luteal phase (onset of luteal regression; Day 20.0 versus Day 17.5; P < 0.03).
Boundary formulations for high-order finite differences on staggered meshes

Discretizations of the compressible flow equations with flow variables defined at different staggered positions on a regular mesh have accuracy and stability advantages over standard collocated discretization, but implementation of boundary conditions is hampered without all flow variables available at any boundary point. Boundary schemes for implementation of the boundary conditions compatible with staggered mesh discretizations are considered in this study. We focus on a combination of fourth- and fifth-order schemes near the boundary that are stable when sixth-order centered schemes are used for the interior points. Characteristics-based formulations provide a physically meaningful treatment for all the variables, avoiding the use of extrapolation. However its application on staggered meshes has not been systematically studied and its implementation is unclear since this method requires collocation of all the variables at the boundary, which is not natural for standard staggered mesh formulations. We show that including all the flow variables at the boundary can be done in a way that does not affect resolution or accuracy of the formulation. Predictions based upon analysis with model equations are verified with a staggered mesh flow solver.
Direct evidence of ''damage accumulation'' in cement mantles surrounding femoral hip stems retrieved at autopsy: Cement damage correlates with duration of use and BMI

Abstract The “damage accumulation” phenomenon has not been quantitatively demonstrated in clinical cement mantles surrounding femoral hip stems. We stained transverse sections of 11 postmortem retrieved femoral hip components fixed with cement using fluorescent dye-penetrant and quantified cement damage, voids, and cement–bone interface gaps in epifluorescence and white light micrographs. Crack density (Cr.Dn), crack length-density (Cr.Ln.Dn), porosity, and cement–bone interface gap fraction (c/b-gap%) were calculated, normalized by mantle area. Multiple regression tests showed that cement damage (Cr.Ln.Dn. & Cr.Dn.) was significantly positively correlated (r2=0.98, p
Software, Abstraction, And Ontology

This paper analyzes both philosophical and practical assumptions underlying claims for the dual nature of software, including software as a machine made of text, and software as a concrete abstraction. A related view of computer science as a branch of pure mathematics is analyzed through a comparative examination of the nature of abstraction in mathematics and computer science. The relationship between the concrete and the abstract in computer programs is then described by exploring a taxonomy of approaches borrowed from philosophy of mind.
Association of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

Association of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Session VI: Estimating Likelihood and Exposure, Part II

Exposure or likelihood of occurrence of an identified hazard is a key factor used by regulators in determining the magnitude of risk. One example of exposure is the amount of gene flow between transgenic crops and their non-transgenic counterparts or their compatible wild relatives. Gene flow itself is not a hazard, but instead represents the exposure of the environment to transgenes and the potentially novel traits that they produce. In assessing the risk presented by transgenes, the amount of gene flow may vary geographically, and depends upon several factors, including climatic conditions, existing pollinators, and day length. The variability in levels of gene flow makes it sensible to make a worst-case assumption when estimating exposure from gene flow; that is, to assume that gene flow and introgression will occur to other compatible populations, particularly wild relatives. Consequently, the most important fact to establish is whether or not gene flow can occur. Determining the precise amount of gene flow and its geographic variation
A review of the abuse potential assessment of atomoxetine: a nonstimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Rationale Treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has for many years relied on psychostimulants, particularly various formulations of amphetamines and methylphenidate. These are central nervous system stimulants and are scheduled because of their abuse potential. Atomoxetine (atomoxetine hydrochloride; Strattera®) was approved in 2002 for treatment of ADHD, and was the first nonstimulant medication approved for this disorder. It was classified as an unscheduled medication indicating a low potential for abuse. However, the abuse potential of atomoxetine has not been reviewed.
Design and performance of the DARHT second axis induction cells and drivers

The second axis of DARHT, a Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory, is in production with a scheduled completion date of August 2001. This linear induction accelerator, designed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, consists of 88 induction cells and drivers which provide a total acceleration of 20 MeV to a 2 kA electron beam which has a flat-top pulse width of 2.02 /spl mu/s. Major induction cell components include high flux swing magnetic material (Metglas 2605SC) and a Mycalex insulator. The cell drivers are pulse forming networks (PFNs) which are tuned to provide voltage regulation of /spl plusmn/0.5% during the flat-top. This paper describes the design and performance of the cells and cell drivers.
Disney’s Alice Comedies: A Life of Illusion and the Illusion of Life:

Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871) have inspired various Disney texts, including the studio’s Alice comedies of 1923—27, the films that essentially brought the company into being. This early series helped shape Disney’s development of a film mode, that of hybrid animation, which would pay dividends throughout the studio’s history, and despite their often crude style, forecast the studio’s ongoing efforts at negotiating the relationship between the real and the fantastic, including its development of a ‘house style’ that would become known as the ‘illusion of life’. This article examines these foundational texts particularly in light of their emphasis on a hybrid style — i.e. their combination of live-action and animation — which necessitated a greater awareness of realistic spatial issues, as they invited audiences to enter into a fantasy space, to undertake the same sort of liminal explorations as Lewis Carroll’s Alice.
Modulation of the acoustic startle reflex by infusion of corticotropin-releasing hormone into the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis

Abstract The amplitude of the acoustic startle reflex can be modulated by exposure to aversive stimuli or other conditions which evoke a state of fear. The neurotransmitters involved in this modulation are currently being investigated. Unilateral local infusion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng) into the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (PnC), an obligatory synapse in the acoustic startle reflex, significantly elevated startle amplitude in a dose-dependent manner. The facilitation of startle began immediately following infusion, reached asymptote approximately 20–25 min later, and persisted throughout the remaining 60 min test session. This CRH-enhanced startle effect was blocked by infusion of the CRH antagonist, alpha-helical CRH9-41, immediately prior to CRH infusion. These results support an involvement of CRH at the level of the PnC in modulating the acoustic startle reflex.
1. CBQ REVIEW ESSAY: Cyborg Discourse: Technology's Transformation of Communication

Abstract The notion of the cyborg-a human/technology hybrid-originally conjured extreme reactions from communication scholars. As communication professor Annette Markham describes the divergent views, either computer-mediated communication (CMC) would usher in a utopian age in which communicators would operate in a blissfully disembodied environment, or we would all become reclusive hackers lurking in a darkness only dimly illuminated by a cold, unblinking, computer monitor. The books that are discussed below, while testifying to the stark changes wrought by CMC, have also arrived at a more careful, thoughtful, and accepting analyses of the possibilities presented by it. Perhaps Donna Haraway's groundbreaking essay, “A Manifesto for Cyborgs,” (see The Haraway Readerbelow) is symbolic of the turning point in the approach to CMC. In it, Haraway embraces the erasure of the man/machine boundary-one which had already been signifcantly effaced through existing technologies of medicine, industry, and war-because...
Homogeneously generated groups

We develop basic properties of groups that contain exactly k elements of order n and are generated by these elements (called (k, n)-homogeneous groups). We then give a complete classification of (n, n)-homogeneous groups.
‘M GLOW BLUE’: ARCHAEOMETRIC RESEARCH AT MICHIGAN'S FORD NUCLEAR REACTOR

The Ford Nuclear Reactor operated from 1957 to 2003 on the University of Michigan's North Campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Over its 45-year lifespan, the facility played a key role in archaeometric research, fostering early methodological studies using INAA and supporting archaeological materials science investigations of lithics, ceramics, metals and bone. One small part of the FNR's abundant legacy was the initiation of trace-element studies of Oaxacan ceramics, which are now beginning to shed light on early exchange interactions and the origin of the Monte Alban state in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, between 500 bce and 200 ce.
Multiple myeloma presenting as pulmonary renal syndrome.

Introduction Pulmonary renal syndromes are classically associated with systemic vasculitis and autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture syndrome. The dramatic presentation of pulmonary hemorrhage in conjunction with new onset renal insufficiency as presented in this case naturally led to the search for primary pulmonary renal syndrome. Interestingly, the patient was found to have a new diagnosis of multiple myeloma presenting with symptoms of hemoptysis and acute renal failure. The constellation of pulmonary renal symptoms seen in this case is extremely rare in association with multiple myeloma; specifically, only one other case has been reported with similar presenting symptoms. This article reviews and discusses a case of pulmonary renal syndrome related to multiple myeloma. A review of the current literature of pulmonary renal syndrome in multiple myeloma is also presented.
Systemic Symptoms in the Progression of Cutaneous to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Importance Patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) who develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may have few and mild systemic symptoms. Objective To characterize the types and severity of systemic symptoms in a longitudinal cohort of patients with CLE. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective, longitudinal cohort study of 77 patients with CLE who presented between January 2007 and April 2011 at a university autoimmune skin disease clinic. Main Outcomes and Measures Systemic symptoms and severity were determined from data recorded at each study visit and from medical records. Results Of 77 patients with CLE, 13 (17%) went on to meet criteria for SLE, with a mean (SD) time from CLE diagnosis to SLE of 8.03 (6.20) years. Of the 13 patients, 1 (8%) solely met the mucocutaneous American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria of malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, and oral ulcers, and 3 (23%) met the mucocutaneous ACR criteria plus positive antinuclear and other antibody titers. After a mean (SD) follow-up time of 2.81 (1.34) years, only 5 of the 13 patients with CLE (38%) who progressed to meet SLE criteria developed moderate to severe additional systemic disease. Conclusions and Relevance Patients with CLE who developed SLE during our study did so mostly by meeting the mucocutaneous ACR criteria, and the majority developed none to mild additional systemic disease during the study period. Thus, our study suggests that a small percentage of patients with CLE eventually develop SLE and that even if they do, most patients will have mild systemic disease.
Specific estrogen-receptors in the neoplastic and lactating mammary gland of the rat☆

Abstract Specific receptors of 3 H-estradiol-17β were demonstrated by a sucrose gradient assay of cytosols from the lactating mammary gland and the R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma of the rat. These estrogen receptors, each of which sedimented at approximately 8S, exhibited similar dissociation constants (K d ∼1×10 −9 M) and steroid binding specificities. Ovariectomy of the host had no apparent effect on the number of binding sites/mg protein in the R3230AC tumor.
Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Networking: Flight test results from the international space station

The University of Colorado is working with NASA to extend Earth's internet into outer space and across the solar system. The new networking technology is called Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN), and is being tested on the International Space Station. DTN will enable NASA and other space agencies around the world to better communicate with international fleets of spacecraft that will be used to explore the moon and Mars. This technology is evolving into an Interplanetary Internet. In this paper we describe the design and features of the DTN-on-ISS implementation as well as reporting initial results from the experimental deployment. 1,2
Cognitive and Ideological Aspects of Divine Anthropomorphism

After overstressing the experiential andsui generisaspects of religion, recent scholarship has returned to the exploration of the cognitive dimensions of religious phenomena (while still neglecting their ideological and evolutionary aspects). This article explores the cognitive aspects of divine anthropomorphism, approaching anthropomorphism as a metaphor for human agency. At the same time, the ideological aspects of anthropomorphic representations are studied in the context of political centralization and the emergence of kingship, seeking to clarify the connections between anthropomorphism and basileomorphism.
“No Longer in the World” (John 17:11): The Transformation of the Tragic in the Fourth Gospel

Ancient gospels, canonical and noncanonical, present the resurrection of Jesus with varying degrees of thoroughness and detail. While the Gospel of Peter vividly describes the actual moment that Jesus rises (9.34–10.45), the Gospel of Mark excludes even a postresurrection appearance of Jesus—ifthe common opinion is correct that Mark ends at 16:8. Luke, by contrast, so fully documents Jesus' postresurrection activity that the events extend into the book of Acts. The Gospel of John distinguishes itself from the others as well, not only by uniquely depicting Jesus' postresurrection appearances, but also by portraying Jesus as the resurrected one prior to the crucifixion. Even before he meets Pilate, Jesus proclaims, “I have overcome the world” (16:33). And even before he ascends the cross, Jesus has ascended to the Father and announces, “I am no longer in the world” (17:11). This feature ofthe Fourth Gospel has received various historical, literary, and theological interpretations. The following paper will offer a literary interpretation based ona comparison of the Gospel of John with Greek tragedy. The argument will proceed in two phases, first demonstrating basic connections with the tragic evidence,and then exploring how the Fourth Gospel twists tragic techniques to its own purposes.
Effect of leupeptin of protein turnover in normal and dystrophic chicken skeletal muscle cells in culture

Abstract The effect of leupeptin on turnover of the soluble protein fraction, the myofibrillar protein fraction, and myosin heavy chain was evaluated in muscle cell cultures. Cultures were prepared from the breast muscle of 12-day normal (white leghorn) and dystrophic (line 307) chick embryos. After 7 days in culture, cells were labeled for 16 hr with 1 μCi/ml of [ 3 H]Leu and then “chased” for an additional 24 hr in culture medium containing no [ 3 H]Leu and 0–75 μg/ml leupeptin. Cultures were analyzed for radioactivity in the soluble protein fraction, the myofibrillar protein fraction, and myosin heavy chain. Leupeptin (75 μg/ml) virtually eliminated loss of radioactivity from the soluble protein fraction, but only minimally affected loss of radioactivity from the myofibrillar fraction or myosin heavy chain. Normal and dystrophic muscle cells responded identically to leipeptin treatment. Thus, the muscle proteases that are specifically inhibited by leupeptin seem to have no major role in initiating myofibrillar protein turnover.
CO hydrogenation on supported molybdenum catalysts: Effects of support on specific activities of reduced and sulfided catalysts

A reaction temperature of 350/sup 0/C was chosen to minimize carbon formation and to allow sufficient conversion of CO. The initial specific activity of Mo/SiO/sub 2/ is significantly higher than that of the other reduced supported catalysts. The order of decreasing specific activity is Mo/SiO/sub 2/ > Mo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ > Mo/C > Mo/CeO/sub 2/. For a reaction period of 20-25 h, the reduced Mo/SiO/sub 2/ activity decreased by 70% compared to 20-30% for the other catalysts. Initial specific activities of MoS/sub 2/ and sulfided Mo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Mo/SiO/sub 2/, and Mo/CeO/sub 2/ were similar and higher by factors of 6-8 than that of the Mo/C. With the exception of Mo/C, the mass-based activities of the freshly sulfided catalysts correlated linearly with oxygen uptake. Compared to freshly reduced catalysts, the activities of the sulfided Mo/SiO/sub 2/ and Mo/C were lower, that of Mo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ about the same, and that of Mo/CeO/sub 2/ greater. Activities of the sulfided were generally stable during 20-25 h of reaction. 25 references, 1 figure, 2 tables.
A new upper bound for Shellsort

A direct relationship between Shellsort and the classical “problem of Frobenius” from additive number theory is used to derive a sequence of O(log N) increments for Shellsort for which the worst case running time is O(N43). The previous best-known upper bound for sequences of O(log N) increments was O(N32), which was shown by Pratt to be tight for a large family of sequences, including those commonly used in practice. The new upper bound is of theoretical interest because it suggests that increment sequences might exist which admit even better upper bounds, and of practical interest because the increment sequences which arise outperform those common used, even for random files.
Assessment of nitrous oxide emission from cement plants: real data measured with both Fourier transform infrared and nondispersive infrared techniques.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and methane, and contributes about 6% to the greenhouse effect. Nitrous oxide is a minor component of the atmosphere, and it is a thousand times less than carbon dioxide (CO2). Nevertheless, it is much more potent than CO2 and methane, owing to its long stay in the atmosphere of approximately 120 yr and the high global warming potential (GWP) of 298 times that of CO2. Although greenhouse gases are natural in the atmosphere, human activities have changed the atmospheric concentrations. Most of the values of emission of nitrous oxide are still obtained by means of emission factors and not actually measured; the lack of real data may result in an underestimation of current emissions. The emission factors used for the calculation of N2O can be obtained from the “Guidelines for the implementation of the national inventory of emissions” of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which refer to all nations for the realizat...
Coal liquefaction process development: Solving potential health and environmental problems

Abstract Chemists, biologists, ecologists, and engineers have been developing a data-base to identify and evaluate risks to humans and the environment and strategies to minimize potential risks from large-scale coal liquefaction. Coal-liquids produced by various processes and under various stages of design and operating conditions have been screened for potential health and environmental effects. Toxicologically active materials have been fractionated and chemical constituents of biologically active fractions have been identified, and the environmental fate of problematic agents is being determined. Results indicate that coal-derived liquids are generally more toxicologically active than shale oil and petroleum crudes. Bioactive agents include primary aromatic amines (PAA), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), phenolics, and others. Some components of coal-derived materials are taken up by biota and metabolized. Hydrotreating reduces PAA, PAH, and phenol content, as well as toxicological response to coal-liquids. Selective distillation restricts PAA and PAH content, and mutagenicity and carcinogenicity to high-boiling-range materials. Other process conditions and environmental factors also influence chemical characteristics and toxicological activity of coal-derived liquids. Recent findings indicate that biological responses to a given coal-derived liquid component vary, depending on whether that material is presented to the organism or environment as a pure compound or in a complex mixture. The data-base described provides input for assessment and has been used by developers when selecting process modifications and product slates that minimize risk to humans and the environment. These data have also been used in developing occupational health and industrial hygiene practices and may aid in selection of control technologies, mitigative strategies, special handling and accident prevention procedures, or spill-clean-up options to enhance the environmental acceptability of a coal liquefaction industry.
Comparing residential mobility programs: Design elements, neighborhood placements, and outcomes in MTO and Gautreaux

Reviewing prior studies of two residential mobility programs, the Gautreaux and Moving to Opportunity (MTO) programs, this paper examines whether program design elements may explain differences in neighborhood placements, which in turn may explain the programs' different individual outcomes. While MTO has a stronger research design than Gautreaux, it creates more modest changes in environment. Specifically, we find that the two programs create very different kinds of neighborhood placements. Compared with Gautreaux, MTO moves were shorter distances and to census tracts with higher poverty rates, larger minority populations, worse schools, and lower employment rates. These differences in neighborhood placements may explain why Gautreaux found larger impact than MTO in education and employment outcomes and in duration of moves. Although often ignored, design elements may be crucial to the success of programs, and several design elements may explain these different placements.
STUDIES ON THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION OF 6-MERCAPTOPURINE

The mechanism of action of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) on an egg albumin-induced inflammatory lesion in the skin has been studied in rabbits treated with 6-MP in a daily dosage of 18 mg/kg. Relative to control animals, significant decreases in the numbers of large lymphocytes and monocytes in the blood were observed in the 6-MP-treated animals by the 9th day of treatment, without significant decrease in the numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and small and medium lymphocytes. Concurrently, a significant decrease was also seen in the percentage of tissue mononuclear cells in the inflammatory skin lesion. There was a highly significant correlation between the numbers of monocytes in the blood and the per cent of mononuclear cells in the lesion. A mean of 52% of the mononuclear cells in the tissue lesion phagocytosed carbon offering further evidence that the major cell involved was the blood monocyte. In vitro incorporation of 3H-Tdr by blood mononuclear cells was significantly reduced in the 6-MP-treated animals as determined by scintillation counting and radioautography. The large lymphocyte was the predominant cell type which was labeled in vitro. Small lymphocytes and monocytes were rarely labeled. The data obtained suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of 6-MP, reflected in these experiments by a decrease in mononuclear cells in a tissue lesion, results from suppression of a bone marrow response to local inflammation, affecting principally proliferating precursors of blood monocytes and large lymphocytes. The possible importance of this action of 6-MP in the treatment of inflammatory and immunologically mediated disease is discussed.
Combinatorial Optimization of the piecewise constant Mumford-Shah functional with application to scalar/vector valued and volumetric image segmentation

Front propagation models represent an important category of image segmentation techniques in the current literature. These models are normally formulated in a continuous level sets framework and optimized using gradient descent methods. Such formulations result in very slow algorithms that get easily stuck in local solutions and are highly sensitive to initialization. In this paper, we reformulate one of the most influential front propagation models, the Chan-Vese model, in the discrete domain. The graph representability and submodularity of the discrete energy function is established and then max-flow/min-cut approach is applied to perform the optimization of the discrete energy function. Our results show that this formulation is much more robust than the level sets formulation. Our approach is not sensitive to initialization and provides much faster solutions than level sets. The results also depict that our segmentation approach is robust to topology changes, noise and ill-defined edges, i.e., it preserves all the advantages associated with level sets methods.
Status of speech-analyzing communication aids for the deaf

Recent developments of prototype speech-processing aids intended to present speech information to persons with severe losses of hearing are summarized. The major types of devices are described, including those for speech reception and for speech training, and those that employ displays that are visual, factual, or auditory.
Common respiratory disorders of the newborn.

Respiratory distress is a frequently encountered problem in the first few days of life. The general pediatrician must assess the infant9s condition, make a tentative diagnosis, institute appropriate care, and decide whether to transfer the infant to a neonatal intensive care unit. The decision to transfer an infant should be based on the interest and training of the physician as well as on readily available resources for optimal management. In general, any infant who needs mechanical ventilation for more than a few hours should be transferred to a regional intensive care nursery. An infant who is in respiratory distress of any cause may present with tachypnea, nasal flaring, sternal and intercostal retractions, cyanosis, and even apnea. The differential diagnosis of respiratory disorders in the newborn is extensive and includes disorders of the major airways, diseases of the pulmonary parenchyma, and rib cage abnormalities. Review of the history of pregnancy, labor, delivery, and resuscitation; careful physical examination; analysis of laboratory tests such as blood gases, hematocrit, and blood glucose; and evaluation of a chest radiograph usually permit a tentative diagnosis. Additional challenges arise when an infant who has chronic lung disease is returned to the community hospital for continuing care. This review covers three of the most common forms of neonatal respiratory distress: transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Current Management of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an important cause of epilepsy, autism, and renal and pulmonary disease in children and adults. The clinical course of TSC and the prognosis and appropriate therapy for TSC patients are often different than that for individuals with epilepsy, renal tumors, or interstitial lung disease from other causes. This article reviews the current therapeutic recommendations for medical and surgical management of neurologic, renal, and pulmonary manifestations of TSC. In addition, recent clinical trials using inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have demonstrated regression of astrocytomas, angiofibromas, and angiomyoliomas, as well as improved pulmonary function in persons with TSC.
More than Just Fun and Games: BSG and Glo-Bus as Strategic Education Instruments

Simulations like the BSG and Glo-Bus allow students the opportunity to practice their integrated, strategic management skills in a relatively risk-free environment or “live case.” We review these g...
Latchup in CMOS technologies

It is shown how a conceptually simple definition of a pnpn structure's blocking state is also a precise statement of when latchup occurs, a statement that leads to a concise (there are no fitting parameters), experimentally verified equation for switching current. The operational pnpn configurations for various triggering modes are classified, and it is shown how they reduce to two simple analyzed cases. Latchup avoidance techniques are discussed from the perspective of the new latchup criterion.
Rainbow-colored photonic bandgap structure fabricated by holographic lithography

We report a holographic photopolymerization technique to fabricate a polymeric photonic bandgap structure whose period varies gradually in the lateral direction, leading to a unique rainbow-colored reflection image in the same viewing angle.
Introduction to a 1995 Conversation with Eric Hobsbawm

Eric Hobsbawm, who died on October 1, 2012, was one of a handful of extraordinary labor historians who emerged from the British Communist Party Historians' Group in the 1940s and 1950s. Today he is widely acknowledged as one of the great historians of our era. His influence is truly international. For a long time, a significant limitation on the extent of his renown was the USSR where, during the era of “actually-existing socialism,” his works were never translated or published. This was ironic since he was a card-carrying member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) from 1936 until its dissolution in 1991.
Anxiety Sensitivity and Anxious Responding to Bodily Sensations: A Test among Adolescents Using a Voluntary Hyperventilation Challenge

This study examined the general factor and lower-order facets of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI; W. K. Silverman, W. Flesig, B. Rabian, & R. A. Peterson, 1991) in relation to anxious and fearful responding to a 3-min voluntary hyperventilation procedure. Participants were 151 psychologically healthy adolescents (66 females), as indexed by a screening using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual—Fourth Edition (DSM-IV): Child Version (ADIS-C; W. K. Silverman & A. M. Albano, 1996), between the ages of 12 and 17 (M = 14.93). Results indicated, relative to negative affectivity and prechallenge ratings of anxiety, both the global factor and the Disease Concerns facet of the CASI significantly predicted postchallenge anxiety and intensity of panic symptoms. CASI total and subfactor scores were unrelated to psychophysiological responding to the challenge. Results are discussed in relation to panic-relevant emotional vulnerability among adolescents.