cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of cover crops and soil amendments on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) production and soil nematodes

A pot experiment to determine the effects of summer cover crops and soil amendments on okra yields and population densities of various soil nematode taxa was conducted in two consecutive growing seasons in a subtropical region. Two cover crops, sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolorrS. bicolor var. sudanense), were grown and returned to the soil with fallow as a control. As soon as these cover crops were harvested, they were soilincorporated together with one of several organic amendments. These organic amendments were biosolids, N-Viro soil (a 1 : 1 mixture of coal ash and biosolids), coal ash, co-compost (a 3 : 7 mixture of biosolids and yard wastes), and yard waste compost compared with a control (no additional amendment). Other treatments were fumigation with MC-33 (a mixture of 33% of methyl bromide and 67% of chloropicrin) and cover crop removal (harvested and removed cover crops and their residues from the soil). A nematode-susceptible vegetable crop, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), was grown under these treatments. Among organic amendments, the application of biosolids produced the highest okra yield and biomass, and greatly suppressed root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, in the soil. Between these two cover crops, sunn hemp was superior to sorghum sudangrass in improving okra production and in suppressing root-knot nematodes. The result indicates that growing sunn hemp as a cover crop and applying certain organic amendments can improve okra production and suppress root-knot nematodes, which are very damaging to okra plants. Such combined practices show a significant potential for application in organic farming and sustainable agriculture systems in a tropical or subtropical region.
Biofuel policy and stock price in imperfectly competitive markets

The increase in demand for corn as a biofuel feedstock has had a significant impact on the agricultural markets in the United States. These include seed, fertilizer and livestock markets all of which have become more concentrated with mergers and acquisitions over time. Oligopoly theory suggests that corn input suppliers likely benefit from policies that support corn markets, while meat companies likely lose. This study investigates, in particular, the effect of increased corn-ethanol production on agribusiness stock prices. A two-factor capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is developed and estimated by OLS and FGLS. The results indicate that increases in corn price have positive effect on excess stock returns of seed and fertilizer companies, while the impact is negative for meat companies.
Reconstruction of the through-and-through oral cavity defect with the fibula free flap

Objective To evaluate our experience with reconstruction of anterior and lateral through-and-through defects of the oral cavity using the fibula osteocutaneous flap. Study Design Case series with chart review. Methods Review of patients undergoing reconstruction of through-and-through oral cavity defects between August 2006 and July 2008. Defect size, complications, and need for additional reconstruction were examined. Results Twelve patients were identified with through-and-through oromandibular defects reconstructed with the fibula. Soft tissue defects were successfully closed using a de-epithelialized segment to create two skin paddles. Four patients required additional pectoralis major flap reconstruction for secondary fibula skin loss (1), neck skin breakdown (1), delayed flap loss (1), and need for additional tissue for closure (1). Conclusion The versatility of the fibula for through-and-through defects of the oral cavity is underestimated, and in most cases it is appropriate to reserve second flaps for salvage reconstruction.
Inhibition of calpain prevents muscle weakness and disruption of sarcomere structure during hindlimb suspension

Unloading skeletal muscle results in atrophy and weakness. Inhibition of calpain activity during unloading reduced atrophy, but the impact on force generation has not been determined. Our hypothesis was that inhibition of calpain, through muscle-specific overexpression of calpastatin, would prevent the disruption of sarcomere structure and decreased specific force (kN/m(2)) observed during unloading. Calpastatin-overexpressing (cp) and wild-type (wt) mice were subjected to 3, 9, or 14 days of hindlimb suspension (HS). Compared with soleus muscles of non-suspended control mice, soleus muscles of wt mice showed a 25% decline in mass after 14 days of HS while maximum isometric force (P(o)) decreased by 40%, resulting in a specific P(o) that was 35% lower than control values. Over the same time period, muscles of cp mice demonstrated 25% declines in both mass and P(o) but no change in specific P(o). Consistent with the preservation of specific force during HS, soleus muscles of cp mice also maintained a high degree of order in sarcomere structure, in contrast to wt muscles that demonstrated misalignment of z-lines and decreased uniformity of thick filament lengths. Susceptibility to lengthening contraction-induced injury increased with the duration of HS and was not different for muscles of cp and wt mice. We conclude that inhibition of calpain activity during unloading preserves sarcomere structure such that the isometric force-generating capability is not diminished, while the effects of unloading on lengthening contraction-induced injury likely occur through calpain-independent mechanisms.
Amelia Earhart, alveolar mechanics, and other great mysteries

although the disappearance of Amelia Earhart on her 1937 attempt to fly around the world is still considered one of the world's great mysteries, the mystery was actually solved in 1940. According to the Discovery News , skeletal remains and other physical evidence were discovered by Richard
Design and evaluation of data storage and retrieval strategies in a distributed memory continuous media server

High-performance servers and high-speed networks will form the backbone of the infrastructure required for distributed multimedia information systems. Given that the goal of such a server is to support hundreds of interactive data streams simultaneously, various tradeoffs are possible with respect to the storage of data on secondary memory and its retrieval In this paper, we identify and evaluate these tradeoffs. We evaluate the effect of varying the stripe factor and also the performance of batched retrieval of disk-resident data. We develop a methodology to predict the stream capacity of such a server. The evaluation is done for both uniform and skewed access patterns. Experimental results on the Intel Paragon computer are presented.
Structural and predictive equivalency of the Wisconsin smoking withdrawal scale across three racial/ethnic groups

Introduction The Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) is a valid and reliable scale among non-Latino Whites but has not been validated for use among other racial/ethnic groups despite increasing use with these populations. The current study examined the structural invariance and predictive equivalency of the WSWS across three racial/ethnic groups. Methods The WSWS scores of 424 African American, Latino, and White smokers receiving smoking cessation treatment were analyzed in a series of factor analyses and multiple-group analyses. Additionally, hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether WSWS scores differentially predicted smoking relapse across racial/ethnic groups. These analyses were consistent with a step-down hierarchical regression procedure for examination of test bias. Results The 7-factor structure of the WSWS was largely confirmed in the current study, with the exception of the removal of two offending items. Evidence of full invariance across race/ethnicity was found in multiple-group analyses. The WSWS total score and subscales measuring anger, anxiety, concentration, and sadness predicted relapse, whereas the hunger, craving, and sleep subscales did not. None of these scales displayed differential predictive ability across race/ethnicity. The WSWS sleep subscale showed a significant interaction with race/ethnicity such that it was a significant predictor of relapse among Whites but not African Americans or Latinos. Conclusions Overall, the WSWS is similar in structure and predictive of relapse across racial/ethnic groups. Caution should be exercised when using the WSWS sleep subscale with African Americans and Latinos.
Something to Talk About: Sexual Risk Communication Between Young Women and Their Partners

Objectives To describe sexual risk communication between young women and their male sexual partners and examine its impact on women's perceptions of sexual risk. Design The study and results reported were part of a larger descriptive, retrospective study in which data were collected from young women and their male partners via telephone interviews. Participants Participants included 93 unmarried, sexually active heterosexual women, ages 17 to 26 years, and 82 of their male sexual partners. The sample was predominantly white; all other ethnic groups were underrepresented. Results Nearly all of the women described their partners as "no risk" or "low risk," despite the fact that nearly half never discussed their partner's sexual risk histories. Women gave three primary reasons why sexual risk was not discussed: (a) did not know the partner well enough/too embarrassed to ask; (b) "knew" the partner was low risk/no need to discuss it; and (c) did not think of it. Conclusions Nurses should adopt and promote the premise that all sexually active women are at some risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, sexually active women should be advised to distinguish between what they think they know about their partners and what they actually know. As client advocates, nurses should empower women to recognize that they have the right to insist on full sexual history disclosure and STD/HIV testing, to question whether they want to have sexual relations, and to refuse to engage in sexual activity if they wish.
Poster: Effects of Head Tracking and Stereo on Non-Isomorphic 3D Rotation

We present an experimental study that explores how head tracking and stereo affect user performance when rotating 3D virtual objects using isomorphic and non-isomorphic rotation techniques. Our experiment compares isomorphic with non-isomorphic rotation utilizing four different display modes (no head tracking/no stereo, head tracking/no stereo, no head tracking/stereo, and head tracking/stereo) and two different angular error thresholds for task completion. Our results indicate that rotation error is significantly reduced when subjects perform the task using non-isomorphic 3D rotation with head tracking/stereo than with no head tracking/no stereo. In addition, subjects peformed the rotation task with significantly less error with head tracking/stereo and no head tracking/stereo than with no head tracking/no stereo, regardless of rotation technique. Subjects also highly rated the importance of stereo and non-isomorphic amplification in the 3D rotation task.
Species Composition, Monitoring, and Feeding Injury of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Blackberry

ABSTRACT Blackberry (Rubus spp.) production in Florida has increased >100% within the past two decades, and several insect pests, including stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), have been observed feeding on this crop. The objectives for this study were to determine the stink bug species present in blackberry; to develop monitoring tools for stink bugs in blackberry; and to describe feeding injury to blackberries by Euschistus quadrator Rolston, a relatively new stink bug pest to Florida, that has spread throughout the state. In a field survey, E. quadrator was the most abundant stink bug species, followed by Euschistus servus Say, Euschistus obscurus (Palisot de Beauvois), Thyanta custator (F.), Proxys punctulatus (Palisot de Beauvois), and Podisus maculiventris Say. Yellow pyramid traps caught more stink bugs than tube traps with or without the addition of Euschistus spp. pheromone lures. There were no statistical differences between traps baited with a Trece Pherocon Centrum lure, a Suterra Scenturio...
THE PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSION OF TEXAS: A CASE OF CAPTURE OR RAPTURE?1

The author reviews the notion of the captured regulatory agency and summarizes four theories on how it works. He then uses the example of the newly formed Texas Public Utility Commission to demonstrate that none of the four apply. He finds that the regulators become enraptured with the interests of the industry rather than captured by them.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and cardiovascular diseases: an update

As we know, inflammatory and oxidative stresses have a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. This knowledge has triggered many investigations targeted to inflammatory markers. One such example, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), is an inexpensive and easily accessible inflammatory marker whose role in cardiovascular disease has been studied extensively in the past few years. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio has been shown to predict cardiac arrhythmias as well as short- and long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It has correlated well with ACS risk prediction models such as the GRACE and SYNTAX scores. A higher NLR has also been associated with frequent congestive heart failure decompensation and long-term mortality. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio also appears to have a prognostic role in patients undergoing transaortic valve replacement and the progression of valvular heart diseases. Despite the science of inflammatory biomarkers having been described decades ago, NLR appears to be enjoying a renaissance as a cost-effective biomarker with immediate clinical predictability and prognostication.
Expression, Purification and Functional Characterization of Human Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter (SLC46A1)

Folate cofactors play important roles in hundreds of metabolic reactions in a cell such as synthesis of protein and DNA precursors. The human proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) is the only means for absorption of dietary folates. PCFT also transports anti-cancer agents such as Pemetrexed and Methotrexate. Inadequate supply of folates and impaired PCFT function is associated with many disorders such as cancer, hereditary folate malabsorption, hypercysteinemia, heart diseases, obesity, anemia, neural tube defects and Alzheimer's disease. It is therefore important to study structural and functional characteristics of PCFT, to understand folate-homeostasis mechanisms and to develop better folate-based therapies. The primary requirement in structural and functional characterization of mammalian membrane proteins such as PCFT is the availability of good expression systems and methods to obtain large quantities of purified protein. To address this primary concern, we are establishing an efficient system to over-express PCFT and developing methods to obtain purified PCFT in good yields. We have expressed human PCFT in insect, yeast, and bacterial cells. We have successfully purified PCFT to homogeneity. Importantly, we also demonstrate that the heterologously-expressed PCFT is functional. Our findings are significant because 12-transmembrane helical, mammalian membrane proteins such as PCFT are notoriously difficult to express in versatile prokaryotic and single-celled eukaryotic systems. Furthermore, due to their predominant hydrophobic character and requirement of detergent and/or lipid environment for their stability, such membrane proteins are difficult to purify. Each of the three PCFT expression systems that we have developed offers unique advantages over another depending on the intended use of PCFT. Our findings will be significant for the advancement of knowledge concerning both the structure and function of PCFT through basic science research as well as for industrial applications including design and screening of PCFT-targeted agents.
Land acquisition in India: The political-economy of changing the law

ABSTRACTThis article examines the contentious issue of land acquisition in India, focusing on the deeply regressive system in operation from independence to the mid-2000s that caused wipeouts for millions of families, the flash of resistance to acquisitions starting around 2006-2007, the creation of a new law in 2013 to enhance justice and rights, and an attempt in 2014-2015 to amend that new law. The central questions that arise from this process are: why did a regressive system last so long? and, why did it die in the last decade? These are best answered in a political-economy framework in which increasing political competition has challenged the electoral mathematics of ‘majoritarianism’ and increased the viability of ‘wedge issue’ politics.
On the Culture Penetration in English Teaching

Language and culture are influenced and interact on each other.Learning a language well must understand its culture firstly,and vice versa.English is the carrier of the culture of English-speaking countries,so the penetration and transmission of English culture are necessary during English teaching.As a teacher,it is essential to impart English culture by various ways during teaching.
Minimal Breast Cancer: A Concept and Its Implications

Mammography, followed by biopsy when indicated by certain subtle signs on the mammogram, can identify breast cancer at the “minimal” stage when, in addition to being clinically undetectable, it possesses certain distinctive histopathologic features. Applied to high-risk women, this approach (in combination with existing methods of treatment) can raise the present “early diagnosis” five-year survival rate, to 90% or more.
Synaptotagmin I's Intrinsically Disordered Region Interacts with Synaptic Vesicle Lipids and Exerts Allosteric Control over C2A.

Synaptotagmin I (Syt I) is a vesicle-localized integral membrane protein that senses the calcium ion (Ca2+) influx to trigger fast synchronous release of neurotransmitter. How the cytosolic domains of Syt I allosterically communicate to propagate the Ca2+ binding signal throughout the protein is not well understood. In particular, it is unclear whether the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) between Syt I’s transmembrane helix and first C2 domain (C2A) plays an important role in allosteric modulation of Ca2+ binding. Moreover, the structural propensity of this IDR with respect to membrane lipid composition is unknown. Using differential scanning and isothermal titration calorimetry, we found that inclusion of the IDR does indeed allosterically modulate Ca2+ binding within the first C2 domain. Additionally through application of nuclear magnetic resonance, we found that Syt I’s IDR interacts with membranes whose lipid composition mimics that of a synaptic vesicle. These findings not only indicate that Sy...
Financial Stress and Work Hope Beliefs Among Adolescents

This study investigated the relationship of perceived financial stress and strain within the family with work hope beliefs among 119 adolescents in the United States. As expected, higher levels of perceived financial stress and strain related to lowered work hope. Using a test of moderation, we explored how this relationship was influenced by adolescents’ perceptions of support for educational success from their primary caregiver. Results indicated that caregiver support for educational success moderated the relationship between perceived financial stress and strain and work hope such that the negative relationship between financial stress and strain was strengthened among those who reported heightened perceived caregiver support for educational success. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.
Preservice Teachers' Perspectives on Their Preparation for Social Justice Teaching

AbstractThis study investigates preservice teachers' perspectives on their preparation to use social justice teaching in rural schools, how they implemented the concept in their classrooms, and the challenges they faced. The findings suggest that even though coursework may have prepared the participants to integrate social justice principles and practices into teaching, participants faced significant institutional factors that constrained their efforts to integrate culturally relevant practices in their teaching.
The Role of the JAK/STAT Signalling Pathway in Immunoregulation of Gastrointestinal Cancers

Targeting the immune system as a major therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer has finally come of age, with immune checkpoint inhibitors leading the way. Better understanding host-tumour interactions will continue to improve our ability to reverse the immune manipulation through which the tumour empowers the immune system to effectively control tumour growth and metastasis. Cytokine signalling mechanisms, such as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, should be further explored to identify additional points of intervention to aid other immune-targeted approaches. Cytokines and growth factors that utilise the JAK-STAT pathway, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12/23, and GM-CSF, play a central role as key messengers between tumour cells and host immune and nonimmune cells in the tumour microenvironment. These cytokines also drive the expression of chemokines that facilitate the influx of immune cells into the tumours. In addition to the immune regulatory function, several components of JAK-STAT signalling, including STAT3 and JAK1, are known to play a direct role in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer oncogenesis, further emphasising the importance of investigating JAK-STAT modulators for the treatment of cancer.
Inkjet printable constantan ink for the fabrication of flexible and conductive film

Abstract The formulation and inkjet printing of constantan ink is described. Due to the small nozzle sizes which are used for inkjet printing, nano-sized particles are typically required for ink formulation. However, it is well-known that most metallic nanoparticles would form an oxide layer on the surface during the nanoparticle fabrication process. In this work, a simple chemical process has been developed to remove the oxidation and cure the printed patterns. Ammonia chloride (NH 4 Cl) is used to etch the surface oxidation and nanoparticles can be sintered together with thiourea dioxide (TD) additive which reduces the sintering process temperature. The resistivity of synthesized constantan sensor is around 4 μΩ m and temperature coefficient is as same as the bulk constantan. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) show that the oxidation has been removed/ reduced successfully. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) result shows that printed particles are sintered very well; relative high resistivity is caused by the porous structure. The low temperature sintering is attributed to the reduced copper and nickel from etched oxidation surfaces. The reduced copper and nickel small particles have high surface energy and tend to sinter with each other; this process can cause solid diffusion among constantan particles. This process has been proved by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA). Chemical reduction sintering method can also be used to sinter alloy particles at low temperature and make printed alloy sensors on flexible substrates.
Poster: Monitoring transit systems using low cost WiFi technology

The transit bus system is an integral part of urban transportation. There is a high demand of people to be served by buses around university campuses in the United States of America. Often times, the members of university communities find themselves waiting for a significant amount of time for a bus to arrive at the bus station. It is inconvenient for public transit riders, and also results in students being late to their classes, meetings, and important events. Universities have numerous bus stops as well as routes on which riders can use for travel. The transit bus system was chosen as it is a key component in achieving a more sustainable urban transportation system. In order to monitor the quality of transit buses and passengers' services, we design, develop, and demonstrate a low cost technology with WiFi capabilities that detects the majority of the riders on the bus system at each station. In this research, we collect, analyze and archive transit and passenger data (e.g. waiting times) to Cloud Storage from each bus station. The goal is to improve the passenger's experience by refining the current infrastructure in place, focusing on better planning and increasing bus ridership through better scheduling. By collecting such data (e.g., waiting times), the performance of the bus system can be further analyzed and suggest changes to a route in order to achieve a more efficient and sustainable urban transportation system.
Diagnosing sepsis: a step forward, and possibly a step back.

Sepsis/severe sepsis continues to be a worldwide public health problem, ending some lives prematurely, maiming others, and requiring inordinate amounts of healthcare expenditures (1-4). One of the keys to effective treatment of the condition is early recognition and initiation of therapy, and it has long been a goal of physicians in general, and intensivists specifically, to use diagnostic approaches that allow us to predict adverse outcomes, such as death, in patients who are sick but who are not so critically ill that our interventions lack effectiveness.
In defense of basic research.

Abraham Flexner, founding director of the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study, believed in the intrinsic value of the scientist’s curiosity and in the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake. His 1939 essay, The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge , advo­cates for unfettered inquiry that, paradoxi­cally and unexpectedly, has often resulted in extraordinary utility. In a companion essay, Robbert Dijkgraaf, the present director of the Princeton Institute, weaves Flexner9s personal story together with compelling new examples that support Flexner’s thesis.
Commuting, energy consumption, and the challenge of sustainable urban development

This paper will provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding commute-related energy consumption patterns. Drawing from urban transportation and built environment literature, I will suggest the degree to which the job-housing imbalance, the geography of housing affordability, and the transportation infrastructure investment have produced heightened levels of energy consumption and inequitable urban environments.
Better Story Recall by Deaf Children with Unimodal Communication

The present study compared sign-only to simultaneous sign and speech (SIMCOM) on recall of stories by deaf children. Thirty-six 11 to 14-year-old deaf students were presented with a series of short stories “bimodally” (using simultaneous sign and speech/SIMCOM) and “unimodally” (using sign-only) and then asked to recall whatever they could remember. A within-subject analysis was used to examine the differences in recall scores as a function of communication mode. Participants scored significantly higher in the sign-only condition than in the SIMCOM condition. There were no differences due to age, gender, home language, pure-tone average, or type of hearing-assistive technology (hearing aids or cochlear implants), but scores in both groups correlated with standardized reading scores. The finding of improved recall with sign-only presentation suggests that simultaneous speech and sign may have compromised comprehension by competing for limited attentional resources. The findings challenge the use of SIMCOM in classrooms.
Managing the Future of the Electricity Grid: Energy Storage and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Recent advances in technology and the consequent decline in manufacturing costs are making energy storage systems a central element of energy and climate change policy debates across the nation. Energy storage systems have the potential to provide many benefits such as lower electricity prices at peak demand times, deferred or avoided new capacity investments, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Indeed, both federal and state policymakers are enthusiastically encouraging more energy storage deployment with the belief that energy storage systems will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector by making intermittent and variable renewable energy resources such as solar and wind more attractive. This Article challenges this common assumption that increased energy storage will necessarily reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We first explore the conditions under which energy storage systems can cause an increase in greenhouse gas emissions contrary to the intent of the policymakers. As policymakers start to rely more heavily on energy storage systems to achieve clean energy goals, this insight is crucial to inform the stakeholders in the energy and climate policy debates. Furthermore, we show that the current regulatory and policy landscape falls short of providing sufficient incentives for a desirable level of deployment of energy storage or sufficient safeguards to ensure that more energy storage deployment is indeed beneficial. We suggest policy reforms that can correct these inefficiencies and discuss the jurisdictional roles between state and federal regulators in implementing these reforms.
Determination of normal stress differences and hole pressure errors in shear flow using a plate-and-truncated-cone apparatus

On the basis of assumptions (i)-(v), an eq. [3] is derived which enables one to determine the normal stress difference p11-p33 from values of pressure p(r) (measured by means of transducers connected to liquid-filled holes in the plate of a cone-and-plate apparatus) for values of r in the usual cone/plate region and the value r = 0. The pressure p(0) is measured using a hole in the plate which is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the cone. The cone is truncated in order to give zero hole pressure error ps at r = 0. Using the known eq. [4], [5], the values of the other normal stress difference p11-p22 and the hole pressure error ps (in the cone/plate region) can be determined. The liquid must be confined to the gap between cone and plate.
Sodium and Potassium Abnormalities

Managing electrolyte abnormalities effectively requires that the critical care surgeon understands the organization and equilibrium of intracellular and extracellular (including the interstitial and intravascular) fluid compartments. Fluid shifts and subsequent electrolyte derangements are common in the surgical patient in the postoperative period as well as in the trauma patient. Sodium is the predominant cation in the extracellular compartment, while potassium dominates the intracellular space. Derangements in sodium homeostasis (hypo- or hypernatremia) are largely related to volume status (hypo-, eu-, or hypervolemia) and as such can be treated with some measure of fluid restriction and diuretics or volume administration. As the major intracellular cation, potassium plays integral roles in nerve conduction, ATPase transmembrane pumps, and cardiac myocyte excitability. Seemingly minor changes in potassium levels (hyper- or hypokalemia) can have significant physiologic consequences. Accordingly, there are a multitude of options with which to replete potassium or shift its location either intracellular (insulin or albuterol) or out of the body (diuretics or dialysis).
Introduction: Royal Women and Dynastic Loyalty

Dunn and Carney discuss the development of scholarship on royal women, starting in the late 1970s, and consider the various ways royal women became involved in the creation of dynastic loyalty, its maintenance, and its destruction. They introduce a collection of articles ranging from the Hellenistic period to the nineteenth century, from Europe to Asia Minor. This wide scope allows students and scholars to see the often-neglected roles played by women and to grasp patterns of formal and informal influence often disguised by narrower studies of government structures and officials. At the same time, these articles demonstrate the degree to which royal women’s involvement in issues of dynastic loyalty was shaped by the nature of specific monarchic institutions.
Notes on the History of the Philosophy of Science

Anyone who has made an effort to make a contribution to the history of the philosophy of science has been faced from the outset with a number of difficult problems. One of these problems is concerned with the relationship between philosophy and science. Are they inherently different human enterprises? If so, how then are they to be related to each other? If they are not inherently different enterprises, why and how are they then still to be differentiated? This problem is important not only for the manner in which philosophers understand the meaning and function of philosophy, but also for the manner in which they conceive of the task of philosophy in regard to the sciences. In the twentieth century phenomenologists have tried to defend and develop the first alternative mentioned, whereas logical empiricists and positivists usually have opted for the second alternative. I myself favor the first alternative, also, and in another chapter of this book I hope to present reasons why I am convinced that this is the correct position to take. To substantiate my view in greater detail I have explicitly added a chapter on the meaning and function of philosophy in circler to “lay the ‘foundation” for further reflections on the natural sciences.
Gender Differences in the Effect of Arachidonate Metabolites

The arachidonate metabolites not only constitute a large class of endogenous substances of high biological activity but they also possess powerful thrombogenic and anti-thrombogenic properties. The greater morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease of men as compared to women is well established. Thus, sex differences may be related to gender differentiation among the arachidonate metabolites (1). In this paper we briefly review the current situation.
Review of von Willebrand Disease and Perioperative Management in Dentistry

von Willebrand disease (vWD) is the most common inherited coagulation disorder. In addition, vWD can also be acquired later in life in patients with no previous history of pathologic bleeding. vWD is the result of either a quantitative deficit or a qualitative defect in von Willebrand factor (vWF). Each patient’s disease is classified based on the type of defect in vWF. Dental and surgical management of patients with vWD is based on the severity of their disease, and several systemic and local treatments are available to allow for the hemorrhage control. This chapter will review important aspects of vWF, classification of vWD, and treatment of the dental patient with vWD.
Commentary on 2018 Roepke Lecture "Economic Geography and Ethical Action in the Anthropocene".

Gibson-Graham et al.'s Roepke Lecture continues a three-decade collaboration that realizes a feminist agenda of challenging patriarchal knowledges through both critique and rebuilding. This body of work entails both vital substantive contributions and also a deeply ethical critique of academic knowledge production that has historically venerated the I while obscuring the always collective practices of building understanding. In its place, Katherine Gibson's lecture is written as a we always in explicit conversation with her coauthors and collaborators, Julie Graham, Jenny Cameron, Stephen Healy, and Joanne McNeill. Gibson-Graham et al.'s work is liberatory for many economic geographers, both in the manner of its making and in its substance: creating the conditions of possibility for a feminist and more than humanist economic geography.Throughout their career, J. K. Gibson-Graham engaged the double call of feminist analysis: first by building a critique of masculinist disciplinary knowledge and second by offering affirmative analyses of creative alternatives (Grosz 1990). Their arguments for taking back the economy began by challenging the closures embedded in masculinist and capitalocentrist economic theory. In critiquing the discourse of globalization that dominated economic geography in the 1990s, they pointed to an effective distancing of the economy from politics through the erasure of marginalized subjects, including women, people of color, the histories of majority world places, and the lives of those experiencing impoverishment (Gibson-Graham 1996). Gibson-Graham's body of work consistently challenges the idea that capitalist space is determined by its own internal logics and that it could actually be impervious to both everyday politics and to planetary politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Simulations of Hydrocarbon Polymers Related to Compression Experiments on Sandia’s Z Machine

High-fidelity modeling of hydrocarbon polymers is important for gaining fundamental understanding of the underlying material behavior as well as for designing high energy density (HED) experiments. In this chapter, we describe multi-scale modeling/simulation of hydrocarbon polymers done at Sandia and corresponding experiments on Sandia’s Z machine. For polymers, a combination of first-principles simulations using density functional theory (DFT) and atomistic simulations using classical molecular dynamics has proven to effectively model different aspects of the system and we will present both. Throughout, we find that the simulations are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiments, suggesting that the hierarchy of simulations can be used to increase our understanding of polymers under dynamic loading conditions.
Service Engagement in the Marketing Discipline: The Life and Legacy of Joseph F. Hair Jr.

This chapter respectfully identifies and comments on a variety of service and leadership contributions made by Joseph F. Hair Jr. during his exceptional career as an educator, mentor, consultant, and leader that have significantly influenced the marketing discipline. His contributions to two globally respected organizations—Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) and the Society for Marketing Advances (SMA)—are of particular note. This chapter gives the reader insight and understanding of Joe’s academic leadership contributions and his pivotal roles in both the academic and professional communities, including his active engagement as editor, reviewer, consultant, and keynote speaker at major international conferences and institutions. Lastly, the chapter offers comments highlighting key factors undergirding Joe’s exceptional leadership/service achievements.
In vitro and in vivo antileukemic activity of B43-pokeweed antiviral protein against radiation-resistant human B-cell precursor leukemia cells

B-cell precursor (BCP) leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer and represents one of the most radiation-resistant forms of human malignancy. In this study, we examined the antileukemic efficacy of the B43 (anti-CD19)-pokeweed antiviral protein (B43-PAP) immunotoxin against radiation-resistant BCP leukemia cells. B43-PAP caused apoptosis of radiation-resistant primary BCP leukemia cells, killed greater than 99% of radiation-resistant primary leukemic progenitor cells from BCP leukemia patients, and conferred extended survival to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice xenografted with radiation-resistant human BCP leukemia. Furthermore, the combination of B43-PAP and total body irradiation (TBI) was more effective than TBI alone in two SCID mouse bone marrow transplantation models of radiation-resistant human BCP leukemia. Thus, B43-PAP may prove useful in the treatment of radiation-resistant BCP leukemia.
Constructing a Landscape for Postwar Science: Roger Revelle, the Scripps Institution and the University of California, San Diego

This paper explores Roger Revelle's activities in oceanography and institution-building during and after the Second World War. In particular, it explores his shift from a wartime acceptance of science serving mission-oriented objectives, to a defence ofthe distinction between basic and applied science. For Revelle, the Federal government, and especially the military, became theguarantor of basic research in oceanography. This understanding led him to privilege military sponsorship over contract research,and the physical over the biological sciences. He drew upon that understanding to construct a unique institutional geography for science in southern California.
Axonal Development: RhoA Restrains but Does Not Specify.

Summary Neurons develop polarity by the formation of specialized dendritic and axonal structural compartments. A new report now provides evidence that reveals how neurons regulate the initiation and further maintenance of axonal growth, challenging our currently held view of RhoA function in axogenesis.
Legal Trends (Part I): Patenting the Internet

Virtually every window of time can be identified by its technological advances. The industrial revolution of the 1800's gave way to the transportation revolution of the early 20th century. The development of synthetics such as nylon and plastics were followed by an electronics revolution built on transistors and early computers. The silicon chip lead to personal computers and chip-driven devices as the 20th century wound down. But these technological changes pale to that which the Internet has brought to the information industry. After 500 years of building on print technologies, the Internet has restructured this industry in a way that is unmatched by other fields of endeavor. The transformation brought on by the Internet, occurring over a fraction of the industry’s life-cycle, has been nothing short of–to use the cliche–revolutionary. All of these technological transformations operate within a number of legal structures. One of the most critical of these structures, yet often least understood, is patent law. In this article, the author explores and explains the complexities involved in determining patentability for Internet-related technologies, such as e-mail, web browsing, TCP/IP software and e-commerce, and in particular, federated searching by WebFeat.
Implications of alternative crop insurance subsidies

In this research, we analyze the economic effects across various crop insurance subsidy and policy scenarios to determine producer insurance choice response, total premium and subsidy payments and study their economic implications on dryland corn, soybean, and winter wheat producers. We rely on the expected utility maximization framework to rank policy combination sets that are available to a typical producer to analyze the impacts of crop insurance subsidy changes and elimination of certain insurance policies across the three crops. Several scenarios were analyzed across subsidy and policy options and were found to have noticeably different farmer behavioral responses and economic implications.
Analytic Approximation of the Homoclinic Orbits of the Lorenz System at σ= 10, b = 8/3 and ρ= 13.926...

We present an iterative technique to analytically approximate the homoclinic loops of the Lorenz system for σ = 10, b = 8/3 and ρ = ρH = 13.926.... First, the local structure of the homoclinic solution for t → 0 ± and t → ± ∞ is analyzed. Then, global approximants are used to match the local expansions. The matching procedure resembles the one used in Pade approximations. The accuracy of the approximation is improved iteratively, with each iteration providing estimates for the initial conditions of the homoclinic orbit, the value of ρH, and three undetermined constants in the local expansions. Within three iterations the error in ρH falls to the order of 0.1%. Comparisons with numerical integrations are made, and a discussion on ways to extend the technique to other types of homoclinic or heteroclinic orbits, and to improve its accuracy, is given.
Nucleation and Growth of Aromatic Nitro Compound on Semi-Insulating Silicon Substrates by Organic Molecular Beam Deposition

From the viewpoint of variety in molecular design, organic molecules have great potential because some of them have large optical nonlinearities. Organic molecules due to a delocalized π-conjugated systems have a number of applications. Since the nitro group is one of the strongest electron-acceptor group, the noncentrosymmetric structures of MNA [2-methyl-4-nitroaniline] and MAP [methyl-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-aminopropanoate] provide a successful approach for nonlinear optical (NLO) properties.Heteroepitaxy has become one of the important methods in modern semiconductor technology. In this work the polymeric thin films have grown on crystalline materials by organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) technique. This provides a highly controlled process of film growth of various organic thin films.The behaviors of film formation and preliminary results of some properties of mixed MNA-MAP thin films are reported. A surface scientist studying organic interfaces must apply traditional surface science tools with great care. The experimental procedure is followed here in order to examine their morphological features.
Molecular insight into the anion effect and free volume effect of CO2 solubility in multivalent ionic liquids

For many years, experimental and theoretical studies have investigated the solubility of CO2 in a variety of ionic liquids (ILs), but the overarching absorption mechanism is still unclear. Currently, two different factors are believed to dominate the absorption performance: (a) the fractional free volume (FFV) accessible for absorption; and (b) the nature of the CO2 interactions with the anion species. The FFV is often more influential than the specific choice of the anion, but neither mechanism provides a complete picture. Herein, we have attempted to decouple these mechanisms in order to provide a more definitive molecular-level perspective of CO2 absorption in IL solvents. We simulate a series of nine different multivalent ILs comprised of imidazolium cations and sulfonate/sulfonimide anions tethered to benzene rings, along with a comprehensive analysis of the CO2 absorption and underlying molecular-level features. We find that the CO2 solubility has a very strong, linear correlation with respect to FFV, but only when comparisons are constrained to a common anion species. The choice of anion results in a fundamental remapping of the correlation between CO2 solubility and FFV. Overall, the free volume effect dominates in the ILs with smaller FFV values, while the choice of anion becomes more important in the systems with larger FFVs. Our proposed mechanistic map is intended to provide a more consistent framework for guiding further IL design for gas absorption applications.
Simulator-based hemodialysis cannulation skills training: a new horizon?

In accordance with the recently released Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines, there is a significant need for focused efforts on improving hemodialysis cannulation outcomes. Toward this, structured and meaningful training of our clinical personnel who cannulate in dialysis clinics is a priority. With the availability of advanced sensors and computing methods, simulators could be indispensable tools for standardized skills assessment and training. In this article we present ways in which sensor data could be used to quantify cannulation skill. As with many other medical specialties, implementation of simulator-based training holds the promise of much-needed improvement in end-stage kidney disease patient outcomes.
Sustaining Fixed Rates: The Political Economy of Currency Pegs in Latin America

Government exchange rate regime choice is constrained by both political and economic factors. One political factor is the role of special interests: the larger the tradable sectors exposed to inter...