cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engaging values in international business practice

Abstract Managerial decisions and behaviors in the international business arena have ethical implications across cultures and countries. The need for ethics and core values in business practice has been heightened by continued business scandals and ethical managerial lapses that have violated public trust. Global businesses can offer practical guidance and set ethical examples for others to follow by establishing corporate values beyond written business codes. Four key work values (Honesty, Fairness, Concern of Others, and Achievement) known to be present in businesses across cultures, are put forth as a baseline start for multinational corporation leaders. Offered is a process for making the core values unique to an organization, and for adopting and training managers in the use of core values. Presented is evidence of managerial implementation of the core work values, and managers’ alignment of work values with organizational strategies. By addressing the values and principles of their workplaces, international businesses can achieve cross-cultural ethical practices, managerial alignment, and global social responsibility.
Distance- and curvature-constrained shortest paths and an application in mission planning

We consider a generalization of the constrained shortest path problem, in which we forbid certain pairs of edges to appear consecutively on a feasible path. This problem has applications in robotics and optimal mission planning. We propose a dynamical programming heuristic for this problem and show computational results for an application in routing an aircraft through hostile space.
Degeneracy of string states in 2D black hole and a new derivation of SU (1, 1) parafermion characters☆

An explicit formula for the degeneracy of states of the two-dimensional target space-time black hole is obtained by projecting to the Virasoro primary states of the coset model . As a byproduct we rerive the SU(1,1) parafermion characters using group theoretic methods.
Two-dimensional beam image monitor

Abstract In this letter we describe a device useful in obtaining two-dimensional information from low intensity beams of ionizing radiation. It consists of an anode wire plane (to provide charge amplification), a gating plane (to control the flow of charge through the chamber), and a cathode plane for collecting charge. With a prototype chamber we have obtained 1 mm × 1 mm resolution with 48×48 pixels, and a sensitivity to single 6 keV X-ray events.
Generation and detection of gaseous W12O41-* and other tungstate anions by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry.

The presence of a peak centered near m/z 2862, observed for the first time for the caged dodecatungstate radical-anion, [W12O41]−·, enables distinguishing WO2 from WO3 by Laser Desorption Ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). In addition to WO2, laser irradiation of dry deposits made from aqueous ammonium paratungstate, and calcium and lead orthotungstate also produce the [W12O41]−·. In contrast, spectra recorded from deposits made from aqueous Na2WO4, sodium metatungstate, and WO3, or non-aqueous calcium and lead orthotungstate, and ammonium paratungstate, failed to show the m/z 2862 peak cluster. These observations support the hypothesis that polycondensation reactions to form [W12O41]−· occur solely in the presence of water. Although dry spots are irradiated for ionization, the solvent used for sample preparation plays an important role on the chemical composition endowed to ions detected. For example, the m/z 2862 peak seen from deposits made from aqueous ammonium paratungstate, and calcium and lead orthotungstate, is absent in the spectra recorded either from pristine deposits or those derived from solutions made with organic solvents such as acetonitrile or ethanol.
Social support in aftercare services for troubled youth

Aftercare interventions that utilize social support strategies hold promise for increasing the posttreatment success of youths placed in residential or institutional treatment facilities. This review evaluates programs in which social support strategies are used to facilitate the community adaptation of troubled adolescents. The evidence shows that the development of supportive relationships and prosocial networks in a youth's community, school, and workplace and among parents and family members is important to success in community reentry. The final section outlines research necessary to advance the development and application of aftercare interventions for institutionalized adolescents returning to the community.
QRD-based fast RLS multichannel adaptive algorithms

The author presents QR decomposition based fast RLS (recursive least squares) algorithms for multichannel adaptive signal processing. These algorithms are based on length-preserving orthogonal transformations which have good numerical properties. Hence, these algorithms are numerically stable. Also, they are amenable to parallel implementations using systolic and wavefront array architectures. One of the algorithms is a block algorithm in the sense that it processes all the channels simultaneously. The other is a sequential algorithm. >
Modeling the broadband spectra and variability of blazars

Abstract Our recent progress on time-dependent modeling of the multiwavelength spectra and variability of blazars with leptonic jet models is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on X-ray spectral variability of low-frequency peaked (LBLs) and intermediate BL Lac objects (IBLs). Results of recent multiwavelength observations of W Comae and BL Lacertae are presented as special case studies. I demonstrate how X-ray spectral variability studies of LBLs and IBLs can allow predictions of the intrinsic GeV γ-ray emission and the dominant electron cooling mechanism in these objects.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of cubic β-SiC(111) surfaces

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images show a 6 × 6 reconstruction of the β-SiC(111) surface annealed at 1150–1200°C. Contrast reversal is observed as tunneling voltage bias is reversed. Spectroscopic I / V data indicate the presence of a graphite layer on the top surface. A model of the surface is proposed where an incommensurate graphite monolayer is grown over a (1 × 1) Si-terminated β-SiC(111) surface. This model helps to explain the discrepancy between the 6√3 × 6√3 geometry observed by LEED and the 6 × 6 geometry observed by STM on the same surface.
A sensitizing regimen of methamphetamine causes impairments in a novelty preference task of object recognition

A neurotoxic regimen of methamphetamine impairs object recognition (OR) in rats. The present study investigated whether neurotoxicity is a necessary component of methamphetamine's effect on OR. Animals were exposed to a sensitizing regimen of methamphetamine, and were tested for OR one week, and locomotor behavior two weeks, later. Quantitative autoradiography was used to measure [I-125]RTI-55 binding to forebrain dopaminergic and serotonergic transporters. Methamphetamine treatment produced significant OR impairments (and increased locomotion), without reducing dopamine or serotonin transporter binding. This study supports the conclusion that factors other than monoamine terminal injury contribute to the methamphetamine-induced cognitive impairments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Augmented Language Intervention and the Emergence of Symbol-Infused Joint Engagement

Purpose This study sought to determine whether the effects of 3 parent-coached language interventions—2 focused on augmented communication using a speech-generating device and 1 focused only on speech—for toddlers with developmental delays and fewer than 10 words (M. A. Romski et al., 2010) generalized to children’s joint engagement during interactions with parents that took place outside the intervention context. Method Fifty-seven toddlers who participated in one of three parent-coached language interventions were observed both pre- and post-intervention interacting with their parents using a Communication Play Protocol that produced samples of communication related to social interacting, requesting, and commenting. Their engagement states were reliably coded from the videorecords of these interactions. Results Symbol-infused joint engagement of children in all 3 intervention groups increased significantly from pre- to post-intervention. The amount of symbol-infused joint engagement observed post-interv...
Continuous-flow lithography for high-throughput microparticle synthesis

Precisely shaped polymeric particles and structures are widely used for applications in photonic materials, MEMS, biomaterials and self-assembly. Current approaches for particle synthesis are either batch processes or flow-through microfluidic schemes that are based on two-phase systems, limiting the throughput, shape and functionality of the particles. We report a one-phase method that combines the advantages of microscope projection photolithography and microfluidics to continuously form morphologically complex or multifunctional particles down to the colloidal length scale. Exploiting the inhibition of free-radical polymerization near PDMS surfaces, we are able to repeatedly pattern and flow rows of particles in less than 0.1 s, affording a throughput of near 100 particles per second using the simplest of device designs. Polymerization was also carried out across laminar, co-flowing streams to generate Janus particles containing different chemistries, whose relative proportions could be easily tuned. This new high-throughput technique offers unprecedented control over particle size, shape and anisotropy.
Effect of a single application of croton oil in skin carcinogenesis.

ConclusionsIn our prior studies we had established that a single dose of 200 μg of the carcinogen DMBA is highly effective, giving rise to tumors of the skin in almost 50% of treated Swiss mice, of which a high proportion appear malignant, namely 28% become squamous cell carcinomas (2). A dose of 100 μg of DMBA, on the other hand, is a borderline carcinogen giving rise to a small proportion of papillomas many of which regress and few of which progress to malignancy. This result was confirmed. From other studies it is well known that a dose of 100 μg is an effective initiating dose of this carcinogen for the skin; that is, if it was followed by repeated applications of croton oil or some other promoting stimulus, many tumors would appear(10.11). In the present study this dose of carcinogen was combined with a single application of croton oil at 2 dosages. In no instance did croton oil, thus administered, give rise to any promoting effect, but to the contrary appeared. if anything, to engender a reduction i...
Beyond Postmodernism: Restoring the Primal Quest for Meaning to Political Inquiry

My paper picks up a long ignored suggestion of Sheldon Wolin - that we use Thomas Kuhn's analysis of scientific revolutions to examine the crisis of "normal" political science. This approach allows us to see the connection between the state of the discipline and the larger crisis of meaning afflicting modernity. I then use Eric Voegelin's notion of a multicivilizational "truth quest" - or search for meaning - to make a case for institutionalizing "extraordinary" or "revolutionary" political science. I attempt such a discipline by following Voegelin - reflecting on "the full amplitude of human experience." Such a meditation takes place within the "first reality of existence" - Plato's metaxy or the "in-between" - the experience of human existence between the sacred and the mundane. I bring to Voegelin's exploration of the metaxy the realm of experience which is most radically "other" for modernity - the primal political order of paleolithic and contemporary hunting gathering societies. I argue that shamanic "Urreligion" and Socratic discussion share a boundary crossing logic which provides a basis for a discipline of "extraordinary political science." Finally I suggest that such a discipline is both the quest for, and, in a sense, a realization of, the ‘Good Life’ - a source of order for the individual and society.
Thrombocytopenia in Horses: 35 Cases (1989–1994)

The records of 3,952 equine patients presenting to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine were evaluated to determine risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia. Of 2,346 horses from which a CBC was obtained, 35 (1.49%) were thrombocytopenic (platelet count < 75,000/microL). A reference population of 189 horses with normal platelet counts (75,000 to 300,000/microL) was also studied. Standardbred horses were at increased risk for thrombocytopenia, but age and gender were not identified as significant risk factors. Horses with infectious or inflammatory diseases were at increased risk for thrombocytopenia. The potential association of clinical and clinicopathologic factors with thrombocytopenia were assessed by reviewing a series of multiple logistic regression models. Clinical and clinicopathologic variables significantly associated with thrombocytopenia in the final model included increased PCV, increased band neutrophil count, increased total WBC, and decreased plasma protein concentration. Increased mature neutrophil count was associated with normal platelet counts. Thrombocytopenic horses were significantly more likely to die to be euthanized than were horses with normal platelet counts.
Interpersonal Adjective Scales: Confirmation of Circumplex Structure from Multiple Perspectives

The Interpersonal Adjective Scales (IAS) were developed to allow assessment of interpersonal traits from the perspective of the circumplex model of personality. In this study, the authors examined the fit of the IAS to the circumplex from multiple perspectives, testing different versions of the model and applying different methods. Overall, the IAS’ fit to the structural requirements of the circumplex was excellent; even in the worst case, departures were of negligible practical significance. In fitting circumplex models to data, future researchers will need to move beyond the current descriptive focus toward greater emphasis on testing of competing theoretical models that account for circular relations among variables.
Blood Lead Screening

To evaluate local procedures for and barriers to testing Medicaid patients for lead toxicity, a retrospective review of 675 charts of Medicaid patients’ age 12 to 36 months form the 7 practices who serve the vast majority of Medicaid children in Kalamazoo, Michigan was undertaken. We identified and tested a model for barriers to patients and physicians obtaining blood lead levels. Only 27.6% had blood lead levels substantially lower than the universal testing mandated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Physicians overestimated the number of children having blood lead tests, even with adjusting for patient non-compliance. Practices varied sharply in their approach to screening. Of 489 patients without findable lead test results, 139 (28.4%) were attributable to previous screening, 98 (20.0%) to patient failure, 181 (37.0%) to physician failure, 52 (10.6%) to patient + physician failure and 19 (3.9%) were indeterminate. There is need for improvement, standardization and unification of lead s...
Adjusting for risk and confounding in outcomes research.

Outcomes research commonly refers to thetotal effect of particular healthcare interven-tions and practices on general mental and phys-ical health, function and economic wellbeing.For example, health end points may includemorbidity or mortality associated with obesity-related surgeries and drugs, while economicend points may reflect the direct and indirectcosts associated with hospital length of stay andlost days of work. By linking the care individu-als receive to the outcomes they attain or per-ceive attaining, outcomes research has becomethe course to developing better strategies tomonitor and improve the quality of care
Variation in the inhibition of restriction enzyme cleavage of lambda phage DNA produced by two covalent binding antitumor agents: anthramycin and mitomycin C.

Abstract DNA-drug complexes containing various levels of covalently bound mitomycin C (MC) or anthramycin were subjected to the actions of a number of restriction enzymes. While MC presented only a partial block to the actions of a number of these enzymes, anthramycin, at high binding ratios, blocked enzymatic activity very well. The contrast seen in the restriction cleavage of these DNA-drug complexes may be related to the different points of attachment in DNA (minor groove vs. major groove) for these drugs. Although similarities in electrophoretic band patterns exist for both drug complexes, certain differences are indicative of preferences in binding sequences that these drugs may have for DNA. The results show that these sequences do not necessarily lie immediately within the restriction cut sites but may effect the cutting of these sites from a distance. The results also further support anthramycin's potential usage as a selective/reversible blocking agent for recombinant research.
The bond directional principle for momentum space wavefunctions: comments and cautions

Abstract Recent work on the chemistry of momentum space indicates that the bond directional principle is in need of re-examination and revision. We suggest a modified principle and offer several caveats and observations about the shapes of momentum distributions. Finally we emphasize the qualitative nature of the bond directional and other principles for momentum space wavefunctions.
Growth and immunogenicity of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus in baby hamster kidney cells adapted to and continuously grown in a serum‐free chemically defined media

The production of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in baby hamster kidney (BHK) suspension cells grown in serum-free media for subsequent use in vaccines was attempted because of the limited availability of serum in quantities sufficient for propagation of large amounts of cells, as well as the possible presence of mycoplasma, viral contaminants, and interfering antibodies in sera. Suspension cultures (50 to 600 ml) of BHK-21 cells adapted to and continually passed in a glutamine-free autoclavable, chemically defined medium (BHK-S system) were infected with all seven types of FMD virus. Cells were infected at multiplicities of infection (MOI) ranging from 10−1 to 10−7 plaque-forming units per cell (PFU/cell). The time course of infectious virus release and the amount of complement-fixing (CF) antigen produced were then followed. Peak harvest infectivities of approximately 108.5 PFU/ml were obtained from 12 to 24 hr after inoculation, depending on input MOI, and were apparently independent of cell concentration over the range 1.5 to 4.0 million cells/ml; the CF endpoint dilutions increased from 1:12 at the lower cell concentrations to 1:48 at the highest cell concentration. Monovalent and trivalent vaccines have been produced using viruses from the BHK-S system, inactivated with acetylethyleneimine and emulsified in oil, and the results of tests in steers and guinea pigs are presented.
The Fable of the Allegory: The Wizard of Oz in Economics: Comment

Although recent research strongly suggests that L. Frank Baum did not write The Wonderful Wizard of Oz as a monetary or political allegory, the Populist-parable interpretation of his book remains a tremendous teaching tool in economics classes. The author offers some background on the rise and fall of the Populist interpretation, in recognition of students' natural curiosity about Baum's intentions. He also offers a classroom-ready version of the parable that synthesizes several different versions of that interpretation.
An Unexpected Nitrate Decline in New Hampshire Streams

Theories of forest nitrogen (N) cycling suggest that stream N losses should increase in response to chronic elevated N deposition and as forest nutrient requirements decline with age. The latter theory was supported initially by measurements of stream NO3 concentration in old-growth and successional stands on Mount Moosilauke, New Hampshire (Vitousek and Reiners 1975; Bioscience 25:376 –381). We resampled 28 of these and related streams to evaluate their response to 23 years of forest aggradation and chronic N deposition. Between 1973–74 and 1996 –97, mean NO3 concentration in quarterly samples from Mount Moosilauke decreased by 71% (25 mol/L), Ca 2 decreased by 24% (8 mol/L), and Mg 2 decreased by 22% (5 mol/L).
Boundary Mixing and the Dynamics of Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Circulations

Boundary mixing is implemented in an ocean general circulation model such that the vertical mixing coefficient ky is nonzero only near side boundaries and in convection regions. The model is used in a highly idealized configuration with no wind forcing and very nearly fixed surface density to investigate the three-dimensional dynamics of the thermohaline circulation. For ky 5 20 3 1024 m2 s21 and lower, the meridional overturning strength to great accuracy is proportional to ; meridional heat transport is proportional to . The circulation 2/3 1/2 kk y y patterns resemble those from runs with uniform vertical mixing, but vertical motion is entirely confined to the boundary regions. Near the western boundary, there is upwelling everywhere. Near the eastern boundary, there is a consistent pattern of downwelling above upwelling, with downwelling reaching deeper at high latitudes; this pattern is explained by convection and vertical advective‐diffusive balance underneath. For ky 5 30 3 1024 m2 s21 and higher, no steady solutions have been found; the meridional overturning oscillates on a timescale of about 25 years. A time-averaged thermally direct overturning cell is not supported dynamically because convection extends longitudinally across the entire basin, and upwelling near the western boundary does not lead to densities higher than at the eastern boundary. Assuming uniform upwelling in the west, level isopycnals near the equator, and level isopycnals along the eastern boundary south of the outcropping latitude permits the analytic determination of convection depth at the eastern wall and hence the density difference between the eastern and western walls. This difference is at most one-quarter the surface density difference between high and low latitudes, and agrees in magnitude and latitudinal dependence with the numerical experiments. Scaling arguments estimate overturning strength as of the order of 10 3 106 m3 s21 and confirm the 2/3 power dependence onky. The derivation also gives a dependence of overturning strength with latitude that agrees qualitatively with the numerical results. The scaling for the dependence of meridional heat transport on latitude agrees well with the model results; scaling for heat transport amplitude agrees less well but correctly predicts a weaker dependence on ky than maximum overturning.
Occipital infarction: Carotid artery and cardiac findings

Extracranial carotid artery disease can cause occipital infarction when the posterior cerebral artery originates from the carotid artery. To determine the prevalence of serious extracranial carotid artery stenosis (≥50%) and potential stroke mechanisms in patients with posterior cerebral artery territory occipital infarcts, we studied 24 consecutive patients with recent infarcts documented on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. All patients presented with a homonymous visual field defect, and eight also had other cerebral dysfunctions. Eighteen patients had carotid studies: duplex ultrasound in 17 and arteriography in 1. Twenty patients had echocardiography. Presumed mechanisms of infarction were cardiac embolism in 10 patients (42%), hypercoagulability in 2 (8%), artery-to-artery embolism in 1 (4%), migraine in 1 (4%), multiple potential mechanisms (cardiac embolism, hypercoagulability, and migraine) in 1 (4%), and undetermined in the remaining 9 (38%). None of the patients had extracranial carotid artery stenosis ≥50%. Extracranial carotid artery disease appears to be a rare cause of occipital infarction. Our findings support conclusions reached in previous studies, that cardiac embolism is the principal cause of occipital infarction.
Toward a blueprint for regeneration

Tissue regeneration has been studied for hundreds of years, yet remains one of the less understood topics in developmental biology. The recent Keystone Symposium on Mechanisms of Whole Organ Regeneration brought together biologists, clinicians and bioengineers representing an impressive breadth of model systems and perspectives. Members of the growing regeneration community discussed classic and new ideas on mechanisms of regeneration and how these can be applied to regenerative medicine.
Mechanical loads and the isovolumic and filling indices of left ventricular relaxation

In this report we have emphasized the significant influence of loading conditions on LV relaxation. Changes in inotropic state, ischemia, hypertrophy, and a host of other factors were not discussed herein. Ventricular asynchrony is likewise beyond the scope of this review, but it should be recognized that complex loading interactions among fibers within the LV wall influence relaxation and filling in ventricles that contract and relax nonsynchronously. Intact heart and isolated muscle experiments indicate that changes in preload do not influence relaxation rates when systolic pressure or total load remains constant. It appears, therefore, that the relaxation changes that occur with volume loading are primarily due to changes in systolic pressure or load. Indeed, an increase in systolic pressure may cause a substantial decrease in isovolumic relaxation rate, especially if there is a slow rise and a late peak in LV pressure. By contrast, an abrupt increase in late systolic load augments relaxation rate. Intact heart studies indicate that an abrupt load increment near the end of ejection results in premature and more rapid isovolumic relaxation, while an increase in left atrial pressure increases the filling rate; isolated muscle studies indicate that a load increment at the end of isometric relaxation causes an increase in isotonic relaxation rate. Thus, loading conditions during the periods of ejection, isovolumic relaxation, and filling can influence relaxation parameters and should be considered in clinical and experimental studies of LV relaxation.
Abstract 3841: An integrin αvβ3/c-Src oncogenic unit promotes anchorage independence and tumor progression

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Integrins regulate adhesion-dependent growth, survival and invasion of tumor cells. In particular, expression of integrin αvβ3 is associated with progression of a variety of human tumors. We recently described an adhesion-independent role for integrin αvβ3 in pancreatic cancer and other carcinomas resulting in increased anchorage-independent tumor growth in vitro and lymph node metastases in vivo. These effects required recruitment of c-Src to the β3 integrin cytoplasmic tail, leading to c-Src activation. Pharmacological blockade of c-Src kinase activity with Dasatinib or genetic suppression of endogenous c-Src not only inhibited anchorage-independent growth, but also suppressed metastasis in vivo. We now show that αvβ3 exerts these effects through ligand-independent clustering of the integrin on the surface of non-adherent tumor cells. Self-assembly/clustering appears to be a unique property of αvβ3 relative to other integrins and is dependent on c-Src recruitment to αvβ3. These data describe a c-Src-dependent self-assembly property of αvβ3 leading to increased anchorage-independence and malignancy of tumor cells expressing this integrin. These findings also underscore the potential benefits of using Src inhibitors, such as Dasatinib, for treating patients with αvβ3-expressing solid tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3841.
Critical role of IRF-5 in the development of T helper 1 responses to Leishmania donovani infection.

The transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF-5) has been shown to be involved in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in response to viral infections and TLR activation and to play an essential role in the innate inflammatory response. In this study, we used the experimental model of visceral leishmaniasis to investigate the role of IRF-5 in the generation of Th1 responses and in the formation of Th1-type liver granulomas in Leishmania donovani infected mice. We show that TLR7-mediated activation of IRF-5 is essential for the development of Th1 responses to L. donovani in the spleen during chronic infection. We also demonstrate that IRF-5 deficiency leads to the incapacity to control L. donovani infection in the liver and to the formation of smaller granulomas. Granulomas in Irf5-/- mice are characterized by an increased IL-4 and IL-10 response and concomitant low iNOS expression. Collectively, these results identify IRF-5 as a critical molecular switch for the development of Th1 immune responses following L. donovani infections and reveal an indirect role of IRF-5 in the regulation of iNOS expression.
Adaptation of a ballistic tool for obtaining strain rates above 20,000 inch/inch/minute

A low cost, dynamic tensile tester was designed and developed, using a simple ballistic piston tool as the driving force. The principal purpose of the device was to provide performance data on the response of high molecular weight, linear polyethylene subjected to strain rates between 20,000 and 50,000 in./in./min. at temperatures ranging from 75 to −40°F. Tests were made on samples of linear polyethylene, conventionally formed, and of linear polyethylene, formed by a special process, to produce a highly oriented, highly crystalline structure. Both materials were tested in the direction of forming and at right angles. Basically, the unit consists of a ballistic tool that fires a captive piston against a block to which a specimen is attached. A load cell, in series with the sample, records the developed force and a simple cantilever beam strain gauge is used to record the cross head travel. The rate of strain is controlled by the propellant charge (piston velocity) and a buffer device. The unit is relatively light and protable. For cold temperature firing, the whole unit is placed in a cold box and both the samples and the device are soaked to the desired temperature. Firing takes place in the cold box to insure uniformity of sample temperature.
Personality, shame, and the breakdown of social bonds: the voice of quantitative depression research.

Abstract Scheff's argument (2001), whereby shame and the breakdown of social ties are causality implicated in depression, has potential to inform quantitative research on depression, particularly research focused on determinants of personality vulnerability. In the present article, I relate Scheff's argument to more than two and a half decades of theory and research on the interpersonal nature of depression, and on personality vulnerability to depression. The focus of this review is on the personality theories of Blatt (1974) and Beck (1983), in which an introjective/self-critical/ autonomous personality dimension and an anaclitic/dependent/sociotropic personality dimension are each conceptualized as a marker of vulnerability. Reviewing empirical research on these two dimensions, I then point out a certain puzzle emerging from previous findings: The introjective personality dimension appears to confer considerably more vulnerability than the anaclitic personality dimension. An attempt is made to reconcile...
Effects of densification conditions on the defect center concentration in germanium-doped silica optical fiber preforms

Abstract Electron-spin-resonance(ESR)-spectra of unirradiated and 60Co γ-ray irradiated GeO2SiO2-fiber optic preform materials, densified (sintered) at 1550°C and 1625°C in air and in vacuum (10−6 Torr) for 75 min., were measured at 9.5 and 35 GHz and room temperature. The spectra of unirradiated preforms, densified in vacuum exhibit an asymmetric line due to the GeO2-E1′-center, [Ge(3)]. After irradiation the Ge(0)- and Ge(2)-germanium E1′ centers were observed with concentrations which depend upon the densification conditions. The Ge(0) center was observed in air as well as in vacuum sintered preform material. The Ge(2) center was observed only in vacuum densified preform material. Saturation of the defect center concentration is obtained at about 6 × 105 R. The total defect center concentration at constant irradiation dose increases with increasing temperature of densification [c(1625°C,air) = 724 × 1015 spins/g, c(1550 °C, air) = 330 × 1015 spins/g]. The defect center concentrations obtained in materials densified at 1550°C in air and in vacuum are equal within experimental errors.
A single birth of all plastids

Plastids (the organelles in which photosynthesis occurs) originated when cyanobacteria set up home within other unicellular organisms. Red algae, green algae and glaucophytes all contain plastids, but the question remains as to whether plastids arose just once, in an ancestor of these plants, or several times. New evidence from nuclear genes supports the first possibility.
Effectiveness of an interdisciplinary pain management program for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain.

Abstract Chronic pelvic pain has rarely been discussed in the pain management literature, although it is extremely common in general gynecological practice and often refractory to traditional medical and surgical therapy. A chronic pelvic pain program was developed to offer an alternative treatment approach for women for whom standard gynecological procedures were inappropriate or unsuccessful. Sixteen subjects completed the full 6–8 week interdisciplinary program, which included both somatic and behavioral therapies. Compared to a waiting list control the results showed a dramatic decrease in reported levels of pain following treatment. Anxiety and depression also decreased and psychosocial functioning improved, including return to work, increased social activities and improved sexual activity. The outcome suggests that the interdisciplinary pain management approach is effective for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain.
Development of a robust finite element CFD procedure for predicting indoor room air motion

Abstract The requirement is verifiable high quality computational (CFD) solutions to Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for bouyant and turbulent flows in genuine three-dimensional room geometries. Current-practice theory/codes stabilize intrinsic dispersive error via artificial diffusion methods, with resultant compromise of genuine physical/turbulent diffusion versus convective processes. A Taylor weak statement CFD theory, and finite element code implementation, represents a potential significant accuracy/stability improvement for three-dimensional bouyant forced-, mixed- and natural-convection room air flow prediction. This theory, documentary validations, and quantitative data comparisons from conducted CFD experiments are presented.
Cardioprotective effects of amlodipine in the ischemic-repefused heart

Abstract Amlodipine is a a dihydropyridine derivative belonging to the group of pharmacologic calcium entry blocking agents and is characterized as having a slow onset and relatively long duration of action with minimal effects on cardiac electrophysiology and myocardial contractility. The protective effect of amlodipine was studied in isolated blood-perfused feline hearts made globally ischemic for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion for 60 minutes. Ischemic-lnduced alterations of left ventricular developed pressure and compliance were monitored. In 11 control and 7 drug-treated hearts, amloipine produced significant decreases in myocardial oxygen consumption (6.2 ± 0.4 to 4.4 ± 0.4 ml oxygen/min/100 g) and coronary vascular resistance, as assessed by changes in perfusion pressure (120 ± 1 to 100 ± 4 mm Hg). Amlodipine administered before the onset of global ischemia decreased the development of ischemic contracture as reflected by a progressive increase in resting left ventricular diastolic pressure. The return of contractile function, 60 minutes after reperfusion, improved significantly in the amlodipine-treated group compared with controls, and there was better maintenance of the tissue concentration of Na + , Ca 2+ and K + . A canine model of regional myocardial ischemia (90 minutes) followed by 6 hours of reperfusion was used to assess the cardioprotective effects of amlodyrine, 150 μg/kg, administered 15 minutes before reperfusion. Infarct size, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, was smaller in the amlodipine-treated group (n = 10) than in the control group (n = 10) (34.5 ± 3.8% vs 45.9 ± 2.8%, p = 0.027). Risk region size did not differ between groups and both groups were comparable with respect to the hemodynamic parameters of heart rate, blood pressure and rate-pressure product. Amlodipine prevented the gradual reduction in coronary blood flow observed in the control group. It is concluded that amlodipine reduces myocardial ischemic injury by mechanism(s) that may involve a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand as well as by positively influencing transmembrane Ca 2+ fluxes during ischemia and reperfusion.
Dialogue, Structure, and Change in Himalayan Anthropology. A Review Article

Current work in Himalayan studies, reflecting recent trends in anthropology, is moving toward a consideration of peoples under study as politically and historically embedded and as engaged in ongoing processes of cultural dialogue and change. Ethnic groups are examined, for the most part, not as entities in isolation but as part of an interlinked system of societies whose boundaries are sometimes blurred. Centuries of ethnic interaction and the
The Structural Implications of System Size: Evidence from a Developing Country

Previous research has found considerable evidence that system size is directly related to a variety of system structures. Most notably, perhaps, has been the effort to link system size to changes i...
Implementation and evaluation of an OFDM-based MIMO system

In this paper, we consider the implementation and evaluation of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, which doubles the transmission data rate of the IEEE 802.11a conforming system using two transmit and two receive antennas. A function reconfigurable hardware platform is developed for the system using the Texas instruments TMS320VC33 DSP as its core processor and the high speed PCI bus as its PC-DSP interface. On this platform, we partially implement the receiver of the system. To investigate the feasibility of real-time implementation, the computational efficiency and complexity of the receiver are also evaluated, which shows that the MIMO receiver works very efficiently and will not increase the hardware complexity too much.
Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ.

ContextThe distribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in women diagnosed with noninvasive breast carcinoma is unknown.ObjectiveTo estimate the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation prevalence in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), unselected for age, family history, or ethnicity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe data were 369 DCIS cases diagnosed among female residents aged 20 to 79 years from the state of Connecticut between September 15, 1994, and March 14, 1998. These women were participants in a large population-based case-control study of breast carcinoma in situ. Telephone interviews were used to collect risk factor information and blood or buccal specimens were collected for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation testing.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence of disease-associated mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in women diagnosed with DCIS.ResultsThree (0.8%) and 9 (2.4%) of 369 DCIS cases had disease-associated mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, respectively. One woman had a mutation in both genes (BRCA1 W321X and BRCA2 3398del5). Carriers were significantly more likely than noncarriers to report a first-degree (mother, sister, or daughter) family history of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-12.4), as well as a personal history of ovarian cancer. In addition, carriers were more likely than noncarriers to be diagnosed at an early age (<50 years) (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.0-11.7), as well as to report at least 1 first-degree relative diagnosed with breast cancer before 50 years (OR, 10.6; 95% CI, 3.0-37.0).ConclusionsDuctal carcinoma in situ is a part of the breast/ovarian cancer syndromes defined by BRCA1 and BRCA2, with mutation rates similar to those found for invasive breast cancer. These findings suggest that patients with breast cancer with an appropriate personal or family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer should be screened and followed according to high-risk protocols, regardless of whether they are diagnosed with in situ or invasive breast cancer.
Observed eastward progression of the Fukushima 134Cs signal across the North Pacific

Radionuclide samples taken as part of hydrographic surveys at 30°N in the North Pacific reveal that the easternmost edge of Fukushima-derived 134Cs observed at 174.3°W in 2012 had progressed eastward across the basin to 160.6°W by 2013. The 2013 30°N observations indicate surface 134Cs concentrations of 3–5 Bq/m3 between 160°E and 160°W, slightly lower concentrations west of 160°E and no detectable signal east of 160.6°W. Profile samples show 134Cs penetration to 500 m west of 180° with shoaling penetration depth toward to the east. The near-uniform vertical distribution of 137Cs between 152°W and 121.3°W in the top 500 m is indicative of trace amounts of radionuclides remaining from weapons testing. The physical processes responsible for the deep 134Cs penetration in the western Pacific appear to be related to distinct water mass subduction pathways; however, the timing and rapidity of deep penetration over the broad scales observed has yet to be clarified.
Cytokine profile of protective anti-Trichinella spiralis CD4+ OX22− and non-protective CD4+ OX22+ thoracic duct cells in rats: secretion of IL-4 alone does not determine protective capacity

We analysed the cytokine profile of a T cell subset (CD4+ CD45 RC-) that confers protection against Trichinella spiralis infection in rats. These CD4+ cells are generated in the gut and appear in the thoracic duct lymph within 72 h after infection. Cytokine mRNA levels for IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-gamma and functional cytokine secretion for IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and mast cell differentiation activity were tested in vitro following stimulation with T. spiralis antigens. Compared to a non-protective T cell population (CD4+ CD45 RC+ or CD8+), also isolated from the same thoracic lymph, no significant differences were observed in the levels of mRNA for IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 or IFN-gamma in the protective CD4+ CD45 RC- cells. However, analysis of the cytokine activities in culture supernatant of these T cell subsets following 24 h stimulation in vitro with T. spiralis antigens showed that significant IL-4 and IL-5 activity but little IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha was secreted by the protective CD4+ CD45- RC- cells. Whereas the non-protective CD4+ CD45 RC+ cells secreted significant levels of IL-4, IFN-gamma, mast cell differentiating activity and TNF-alpha but little IL-5 activity. Non-protective CD8+ cells were found to secrete IL-4 but not IL-5. Production of IL-4 was essentially equal for both protective and non-protective T cell subsets. These findings suggest that the presence or absence of IFN-gamma secretion, rather than IL-4 alone, determines whether a T cell subset has protective activity against T. spiralis infection in rats.
The Effect of Staggered PRF's on MTI Signal Detection

Long-range surveillance radars use MTI techniques to detect moving targets in a clutter background. The transmitter PRF is usually staggered to eliminate the blind speeds due to aliasing of the target and clutter spectra. A spectral analysis of the target and clutter signals is performed for the case of nonuniform sampling, and it is shown that the clutter spectral density continues to fold over at the basic PRF, but the signal spectrum becomes dispersed in frequency, which means that an MTI rader will never be completely blind to moving targets.
Early assessment of the efficacy of digital infrared thermal imaging in pediatric extremity trauma

Young children or those with intellectual disability with trauma to an extremity often undergo radiographs of the whole limb. The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of digital infrared thermal images (DITI) in pediatric extremity trauma. We hypothesized fractures to be associated with local hyperthermia, detectable with DITI, which could direct focused radiographs. In this exploratory study, patients seen over a 2-month period in a pediatric emergency department for limb trauma were included if an extremity radiograph was taken on the same day. Patients had DITI of symptomatic and contralateral limbs. The warmest area of each image was compared to the site of pain and/or fracture on the radiograph. Fifty-one patients were enrolled. DITI matched 73% of pain sites. Fractures were seen in 11 patients. DITI matched 7 of 11 (64%) fracture sites. DITI performance in pinpointing the site of injury, although suboptimal, is encouraging for further evaluation.
Work in Progress: An Initial Assessment of the Effect of the First Year Experience on Under-Represented Student Retention in Engineering

Research indicates that under-represented students of color, especially Latino/a and African American students, and women (hereafter collectively referred to as URS) do not enter in the engineering disciplines in numbers commensurate with their enrollments in other courses of study within the University. In addition, some of the URS who initially enroll in freshman-level engineering courses fail to persist in the discipline. The challenge, therefore, is to determine what changes in the climate and/or engineering curriculum might encourage greater numbers of URS to enroll and persist. The goal of this project is to establish an inventory of student retention data for URS in engineering at the University of Michigan to determine the likelihood of persistence based on an evaluation of student intentions upon enrollment, deliberateness of course choices and perceptions of the first year experience. The objective is to follow the trajectories of students based upon their initial choices and intentions and to seek patterns of difference in female and under-represented minority students. This work-in-progress presents a summary of the initial findings of this investigation.