cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exercise training decreases store-operated Ca2+entry associated with metabolic syndrome and coronary atherosclerosis

Aims Stenting attenuates restenosis, but accelerated coronary artery disease (CAD) adjacent to the stent (peri-stent CAD) remains a concern in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Smooth muscle cell proliferation, a major mechanism of CAD, is mediated partly by myoplasmic Ca2+ dysregulation and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) via canonical transient receptor potential 1 (TRPC1) channels is proposed to play a key role. Exercise is known to prevent Ca2+ dysregulation in CAD. We tested the hypothesis that MetS increases SOCE and peri-stent CAD and exercise attenuates these events. Methods and results Groups ( n = 9 pigs each) were (i) healthy lean Ossabaw swine fed standard chow, (ii) excess calorie atherogenic diet fed (MetS), and (iii) aerobically exercise trained starting after 50 weeks of development of MetS (XMetS). Bare metal stents were placed after 54 weeks on diets, and CAD and SOCE were assessed 4 weeks later. Coronary cells were dispersed proximal to the stent (peri-stent) and from non-stent segments, and fura-2 fluorescence was used to assess SOCE, which was verified by Ni2+ blockade and insensitivity to nifedipine. XMetS pigs had increased physical work capacity and decreased LDL/HDL ( P < 0.05), but no attenuation of robust insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridaemia, or hypertension. CAD was greater in peri-stented vs. non-stented artery segments. MetS had the greatest CAD, SOCE, and TRPC1 and STIM1 mRNA and protein expression, which were all attenuated in XMetS. Conclusion This is the first report of the protective effect of exercise on native CAD, peri-stent CAD, SOCE, and molecular expression of TRPC1, STIM1, and Orai1 in MetS.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Warm Dense Carbon

We present classical and DFT-based molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of carbon in the warm dense matter regime (ϱ = 3.7 g/cc, 0.86 eV < T < 8.62 eV [T < 100 eV for classical MD]). Two different classical interatomic potentials are used: 1. LCBOP, designed to simulate condensed (e.g. solid) phases of C, and 2. linearly screened Coulomb (Yukawa) potentials. It is shown that LCBOP over-predicts minima and maxima in the pair correlation functions of liquid-C in this regime when compared to the DFT-MD results. The screened Coulomb model, while under-correlating at low-T, seems to produce the correct qualitative features in the static ionic pair distributions at the highest-T. However, both approaches predict the decay in the ionic contribution of the specific heat as T ∞ to be much slower than that predicted by a model based on DFT-MD. These differences in the MD-derived equations of state in warm dense regimes could have important consequences when using classical inter-ionic forces such as these in large-scale MD simulations aimed at studying, for instance, processes of relevance to inertial confinement fusion when C is used as an ablator material. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Sampling-Based Method for Generating Nondominated Solutions in Stochastic MOMP Problems

Chapters 4 and 6 presented methods for incorporating risk in the project selection optimization problem. This chapter presents a method for generating nondominated solutions for stochastic multiobjective mathematical programming problems that is applicable to both continuous and zero-one variables. The method is based on the assumption that the objective function coefficients are random variables with probability distributions that are known or can be approximated. The method results in solutions that are nondominated in terms of the expected value of each objective and the probability that each objective meets or exceeds a specified target value. A method for generating a set of such solutions is presented and illustrated with examples. The method presented here is more general in that it allows for any probability distribution, it makes no behavioral assumptions about the decision maker, it can accommodate integer, zero-one, or real valued variables, and it can accommodate linear or nonlinear constraints and objective functions.
Worker Participation—Some Under-Considered Issues

This paper deals with a variety of issues regarding participation that may have received too little attention or that may be viewed from a different perspective. These include the sometimes faddist interest in the topic, participation as a form of bargaining, and alternate research strategies. It also reports on the current status of several once-publicized participation sites.
Consolidation with bortezomib and dexamethasone following risk-adapted melphalan and stem cell transplant in systemic AL amyloidosis

Abstract: High-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplant (SCT) induce hematologic and clinical remissions in AL and results in prolonged survival. In a prior phase II study, we showed that...
Thiols in Nitric Oxide Synthase-Containing Nocardia sp. Strain NRRL 5646

Mycothiol (MSH) [1-d-myo-inosityl-2-(N-acetyl-l-cysteinyl)amido-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranoside], isolated as the bimane derivative, was established to be the major thiol in Nocardia sp. strain NRRL 5646, a species most closely related to Nocardia brasiliensis strain DSM 43758T. Thiol formation and detection of MSH-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity in cell extracts are relevant to the possible modulation of nitric oxide toxicity generated by strain NRRL 5646.
Real-time Monitoring of In Vivo Acute Necrotic Cancer Cell Death Induced by Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging

A new type of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based, highly specific phototherapy (photoimmunotherapy; PIT) that uses a near infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye, IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated with a mAb, has recently been described. NIR light exposure leads to immediate, target-selective necrotic cell death in vitro. Detecting immediate in vivo cell death is more difficult because it takes at least 3 days for the tumor to begin to shrink in size. In this study, fluorescence lifetime (FLT) was evaluated before and after PIT for monitoring the immediate cytotoxic effects of NIR mediated mAb-IR700 PIT. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) panitumumab-IR700 was used for targeting EGFR-expressing A431 tumor cells. PIT with various doses of NIR light was conducted in cell pellets in vitro and in subcutaneously xenografted tumors in mice in vivo. FLT measurements were obtained before and 0, 6, 24, and 48 hours after PIT. In vitro, PIT at higher doses of NIR light immediately led to FLT shortening in A431 cells. In vivo PIT induced immediate shortening of FLT in treated tumors after a threshold NIR dose of 30 J/cm(2) or greater. In contrast, lower levels of NIR light (10 J/cm(2) or smaller) did not induce shortening of FLT. Prolongation of FLT in tissue surrounding the tumor site was noted 6 hours after PIT, likely reflecting phagocytosis by macrophages. In conclusion, FLT imaging can be used to monitor the acute cytotoxic effects of mAb-IR700-induced PIT even before morphological changes can be seen in the targeted tumors.
Determining Economic Contributions in a Recreational Industry: An Application to Colorado's Golf Industry

The estimation of economic contributions, activity, and impacts from industries, businesses, and events is a cornerstone of the regional economic development field, yet the approaches used to conduct such studies are rarely discussed in detail. Although Impact Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN) input—output economic modeling software and other regional models have become the standard, many industries, such as golf, are not represented in baseline data and therefore the model must be customized to facilitate regional analysis of these specific sectors. Using primary data collection techniques of both golf course operators and golfers in Colorado, both the backward linkages of the golf course industry and the stemming-from effects of the golf-related tourism expenditures were estimated and incorporated into the IMPLAN regional input—output modeling system. The customized IMPLAN model found the contribution of the golf industry's economic activity from both golf course operations and tourist expenditures to be $...
Air processed P3HT:PCBM photovoltaic cells: Morphology correlation to annealing, degradation, and recovery

Systematically varied annealing, encapsulation, and solvent vapor treatments are conducted to produce stable OPV devices with controlled film morphology and high performance when produced in air. Active layer films are analyzed by AFM, nanomechanical mapping, UV–vis spectroscopy, and XRD. Devices prepared with isopropanol solvent vapor annealing (SVA) combined with thermal annealing (TA) show the highest environmental resistance and performance. Such devices yield average PCE of 3.3%, with stability to atmospheric exposure of up to 60 min prior to encapsulation. Encapsulated devices exposed to the laboratory environment for 30 days exhibit a decrease in PCE of ∼15%. On application of a second TA step PCE is recovered to over 90% of the original value. The unprecedented air stability of the cells is attributed to the formation of an active layer with a stable, favorable morphology during the SVA process, which is associated with lower oxygen content films. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1511–1520
Set-membership adaptive filtering with parameter-dependent error bound tuning

This paper considers set-membership filtering (SMF) when the error-bound specification is hard to determine. Improper error-bound specification could cause overbounding or underbounding, both of which can result in degraded performance for SMF algorithms. This paper introduces a novel variable error bound and presents a different SMF criterion. It is shown that the recursive algorithm derived from this new set-membership filtering criterion has less risk of overbounding/underbounding and outperforms conventional SMF algorithms with one fixed error-bound specification, particularly when insufficient knowledge is available to determine the bound. The proposed algorithm is more suitable to time-variant environments. Frequency-domain equalization for broadband wireless communications is used as an example to illustrate the proposed criterion and recursive solution. Simulation results that show convergence performance and tracking of a time-variant channel are presented.
Clinical and environmental isolates of Burkholderia cepacia exhibit differential cytotoxicity towards macrophages and mast cells

Burkholderia cepacia is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that causes fatal infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic granulomatous disease. Various environmental isolates of B. cepacia are, however, capable of degrading environmental pollutants, such as trichloroethylene, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), etc., and are also highly effective in controlling plant diseases caused by nematodes and fungi. Such strains have therefore been proposed for environmental release to clean up toxic dump sites or as biopesticides. Various efforts to distinguish between clinical and environmental isolates of B. cepacia with regard to their virulence characteristics have produced ambiguous results, suggesting that newer methods are needed to test for the presence or absence of pathogenic potential in B. cepacia strains proposed for environmental release. We now report that several clinical strains of B. cepacia secrete cytotoxic factors that allow macrophage and mast cell death in the presence of external ATP. Several environmental strains had reduced activity in this regard. We also demonstrate that, while all the strains secrete enzymes that have nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk), adenylate kinase (Ak) and 5′-nucleotidase activity, the level of secretion of the 5′-nucleotidase (and/or ATPase/phosphatase) appears to be lower in the environmental strains than in the clinical strains. The secretion of these enzymes is specifically activated in the presence of eukaryotic proteins such as α2-macroglobulin. As macrophage- or mast cell surface-associated P2Z receptors promote their cell death in the presence of mM concentrations of ATP, and as the secreted ATP-using enzymes generate various phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated adenine nucleotides that may even be better agonists than ATP in activating the P2Z receptors or may act through the activation of additional purinergic receptors, such enzymes may play an important role in allowing B. cepacia to evade host defence.
Food habits of the surf-zone isopod Chiridotea caeca (Say, 1818) (Chaetiliidae) along the coast of New Jersey, U.S.A

ABSTRACT Chiridotea caeca dwells in the intertidal zone of sandy beaches where it is shown for the first time to be a predator of sympatric benthic fauna. Laboratory feeding experiments revealed that C. caeca captured and consumed the haustoriid amphipod Amphiporeia virginiana and the polychaetes Scolelepis squamata and Neanthes succinea (an estuarine polychaete). Prey were captured with the first pair of pereopods (gnathopods), often torn and then pressed against the mouthparts where trituration took place prior to ingestion. Examination of the hindgut contents of 539 isopods (immatures and adults) showed that prey consisted primarily of crustaceans (haustoriid amphipods, young-of-the-year Emerita talpoida) and occasionally polychaetes and insects. Mancae were cannibalized in the laboratory. This study indicates that Chiridotea caeca competes with other predators (fishes, shorebirds, various invertebrates) for benthic prey within the surf zone.
Nesting and Hatchling Ecology of Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) in Southern Mississippi

Abstract We investigated reproductive and hatchling ecology of Gopher Tortoises at Camp Shelby Training Site in southern Mississippi from 1997–2000. Data were collected on nesting, hatching success, hatchling survivorship, and hatchling movements. Nests were deposited between 19 May and 17 July, with a peak of nesting activity between 26 May and 8 June. Mean clutch size was 4.8; mean nest depth was 16 cm; mean distance of nests from a burrow mouth was 46 cm; and eggs in most nests were laid in one or two horizontal planes. Eggs hatched in an average of 88 days. Mean hatching success was 28.8%. We found no significant differences in hatching success, incubation time, and hatchling carapace length and mass, between ruderal and forested sites. Forty-eight hatchlings were radio-tracked to determine survivorship and activity patterns. Hatchlings were tracked for up to 736 days; however, most hatchlings (65%) were killed within 30 days of hatching. Survivorship of hatchlings was low, with only one hatchling sti...
Managing Regulatory T Cells to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are increased in peripherally circulating blood cells and in the solid tumor masses of patients afflicted with many different cancer histologies. Cancer Tregs not only are capable of impeding endogenous protective anti-tumor immunity from optimal functioning but are also capable of impeding the efficacy of anti-cancer immunotherapy. Tumor-associated Tregs represent heterogeneous populations, differing by their origins and in their mechanisms used to impede anti-tumor immunity. Their properties can differ compared to those in peripheral circulation. Most studies now report that Treg content in the tumor inversely correlates with survival or therapeutic response, but a few reports suggest that Tregs are beneficial to patients with certain types of cancers. Therapeutic strategies to manage Treg capacity to mediate immune dysfunction include depletion, regulatory functional blockade, differentiation blockade, altering trafficking, differentiation diversion, or raising the threshold of anti-cancer effector cells for Treg-mediated regulation. Several clinical trials have shown the feasibility and relative safety of managing Tregs in human cancer, although treatment effects are modest. This chapter will review contemporary knowledge of Tregs in cancers, including origins, mechanisms of action, interactions with other immune cells and strategies for therapeutic management, addresses the major questions facing the field and suggests additional important areas for future research. The focus is on CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs, but other cancer-associated regulatory cells will be addressed in brief.
Corporations--Stockholders--Intervention in Settlement

This article discusses System Meat Co. v. Stewart,122 N.W.2d 1 (Neb. 1963), where the Nebraska Supreme Court held that stockholders may intervene in settlement of corporate litigation where gross negligence, fraud, or flagrant abuse of discretion is apparently present While most jurisdictions which have faced the question view settlements from the same standpoint as they would any other corporate operation and hold that the business judgment of the board of directors cannot be questioned, the instant case is an indication that majority jurisdictions will review the compromise of corporate suits under the same general rule they would apply to the review of other business judgment decisions-that of noninterference in corporate affairs and judgment. This article concludes that the Nebraska Supreme Court has established a well reasoned rule by holding that intervention should be allowed where the circumstances surrounding the stipulation for settlement might tend to indicate the possibility of bad faith. By emphasizing the portentous circumstances and the damaging allegations in the petitioners' affidavit, the Nebraska court has gone to the gravamen of the case. It is such a situation as this, where the settlement was fair on its face, that a majority jurisdiction might deny intervention and rely solely on the compromise agreement as sufficient evidence of good faith and adequate representation. However, intervention under the Nebraska rule can be used to question good faith and adequate representation without considering the common sense and business judgment involved in the agreement. Such a ruling does not destroy the disparity between Nebraska's majority approach and the approach practiced by the minority jurisdictions. The Nebraska court will not exercise their own business judgment in reviewing corporate settlements as a result of this decision. It should, however, be more willing to allow intervention where the good faith of the litigants is in question.
Allergies in eczema : review article

The prevalence of both food allergies and eczema has increased over the past two decades, and there is a close association between the two, particularly in infants and young children. A significant proportion (30-40%) of children with eczema will have a coexisting food allergy, mostly IgE-mediated. In approximately half of those patients who react to food, there will be a flare-up of eczema. In patients with moderate to severe eczema, or if there is a high suspicion of a food allergy, food allergies should be actively excluded. History, skin-prick tests and specific IgE are sensitive but not specific in eczema sufferers, hence the crucial role for food challenges to confirm or refute allergies. If there is a high suspicion of foods exacerbating eczema but no evidence of immediate reactions, elimination-rechallenge diets should be used. Blanket elimination diets for eczema are ineffective and potentially harmful. Elimination diets should target only those foods to which the child is proven to be allergic, and should always be combined with atopic skin care. Eczema is an epithelial barrier disease, and dysregulation of epithelial function may lead to both food and aeroallergens entering through the impaired barrier. Thus eczema itself may predispose the patient to food sensitisation/allergies and also propagation of the allergic march.
PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN CHRYSOPERLA: GENETIC VARIATION IN THE SENSORY MECHANISM AND IN CORRELATED REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS.

A genetically variable sensory mechanism provides phenotypic plasticity in the seasonal cycle of the Chrysoperla carnea species-complex of green lacewings. The mechanism functions as a switch during the pupal and early imaginal stages to determine aestival reproduction versus aestival dormancy, and it has two major components: (1) response to photoperiod and (2) response to a stimulus(i) associated with the prey of the larvae. Ultimately, the switch is based on the response to photoperiod-an all-or-nothing trait whose variation (long-day reproduction versus a short-day/long-day requirement for reproduction) is determined by alleles at two unlinked autosomal loci. In eastern North America, variation in this component of the switch differentiates two reproductively isolated "species" that are sympatric throughout the region: Chrysoperla carnea, in which both loci are homozygous for the dominant alleles that determine long-day, spring and summer reproduction and thus multivoltinism, and C. downesi, which has a very high incidence of the recessive alleles for the short-day/long-day requirement, and thus univoltine spring breeding. In contrast, geographical populations in western North America harbor variable amounts of within-and among-family genetic variation for the photoperiodic responses and also for the switch's second component-adult responsiveness to the prey of the larvae. The geographic pattern of genetic variation in the two components of the switch indicates that it is a highly integrated adaptation to environmental heterogeneity. Expression of among-family variation in the prey component of the switch is highly dependent on photoperiodic conditions and genotype (it requires a constant long daylength and the recessive short-day/long-day genotype). Thus, we infer that responsiveness to prey evolved as a modifier of the photoperiodic trait. The switch has a significant negative effect on a major determinant of fitness; it lengthens the preoviposition period in nondiapausing reproductives. This negative effect may result in temporal variation in the direction of selection, which helps maintain genetic variability in the switch mechanisms of western populations. Also, the photoperiodic and prey components of the switch are positively correlated with fecundity in nondiapausing reproductives; however, the strong influence of environmental factors-presence or absence of prey-leaves open the question whether the correlated effects on fecundity are expressed in nature.
Effects of Season and Density on the Fecundity and Survival of Caged Populations of Adult Horn Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

Populations of adult horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), were studied on confined cattle in screened, outdoor cages so that survival and fecundity could be monitored while excluding predation and migration. Egg production declined steadily over the course of the horn fly season, May to October. Survival was slightly higher in the spring and fall, but there was not a dramatic depression in survival during the summer months. No differences were seen between high and low-density populations. The midsummer decline of horn fly populations seen in nature does not seem to be attributable to factors, such as high temperatures and aridity, affecting the adults.
Delay and Death-Thought Accessibility A Meta-Analysis

The dual-process component of Terror Management Theory (TMT) proposes that different types of threats lead to increases in death-thought accessibility (DTA) after different delay intervals. Experimental studies of terror management threats' effect on DTA were collected and coded for their use of explicitly death-related (vs. not explicitly death-related) threats, and for their use of delay and task-switching during the delay. Results reveal that studies using death-related threats achieved larger DTA effect-sizes when they included more task-switching or a longer delay between the threat and the DTA measurement. In contrast, studies using threats that were not explicitly death-related achieved smaller DTA effect-sizes when they included more task-switching between the threat and the DTA measurement. These findings provide partial support for the dual-process component's predictions regarding delay and DTA. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
A Conceptual Framework for Organismal Biology: Linking Theories, Models, and Data

Implicit or subconscious theory is especially common in the biological sciences. Yet, theory plays a variety of roles in scientific inquiry. First and foremost, it determines what does and does not count as a valid or interesting question or line of inquiry. Second, theory determines the background assumptions within which inquiries are pursued. Third, theory provides linkages among disciplines. For these reasons, it is important and useful to develop explicit theories for biology. A general theory of organisms is developed, which includes 10 fundamental principles that apply to all organisms, and 6 that apply to multicellular organisms only. The value of a general theory comes from its utility to help guide the development of more specific theories and models. That process is demonstrated by examining two domains: ecoimmunology and development. For the former, a constitutive theory of ecoimmunology is presented, and used to develop a specific model that explains energetic trade-offs that may result from an immunological response of a host to a pathogen. For the latter, some of the issues involved in trying to devise a constitutive theory that covers all of development are explored, and a more narrow theory of phenotypic novelty is presented. By its very nature, little of a theory of organisms will be new. Rather, the theory presented here is a formal expression of nearly two centuries of conceptual advances and practice in research. Any theory is dynamic and subject to debate and change. Such debate will occur as part of the present, initial formulation, as the ideas presented here are refined. The very process of debating the form of the theory acts to clarify thinking. The overarching goal is to stimulate debate about the role of theory in the study of organisms, and thereby advance our understanding of them.
Differentiating Spiritual and Psychotic Experiences: Sometimes a Cigar Is Just a Cigar

This article discusses spiritually transformative experiences and how they differ from psychotic experiences, including the context, content, how the experience is remembered, and effect on the individual.
Reflection of Chinese Elements in American Young Adult Literature

The celebrated cultural diversity and immigration history of the United State of America predicate its young adult literature to contain a considerable number of Chinese elements.To study how these elements are projected into the young adult literature as literary images will provide a glimpse of the involved transformation and representation mechanism,namely,the American values and the knowledge of China.To this end,this article recounts three narratives in which Chinese elements are commonly and repetitively observed:(i) Chinese myths and legends,including legends in the Chinese history and mythology and their following recasts by American writers;(ii) Chinese immigrants in the United States and Chinese-Americans;and(iii) Chinese food,clothing,holidays,and common rituals.
Keeping up with our students: The evolution of technology and standards in art education

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the standards of technology in the visual arts, arguing the standards function as de facto policy, the guidelines that shape what teachers teach. In this study, we investigate how art education standards approach technology as a teaching tool and artmaking medium, analyzing the current National Visual Arts Standards, the 21st Century Skills, the National Art Education Association (NAEA) Standards for Art Teacher Preparation, the NAEA Professional Standards for Visual Arts Educators, and how 26 university art education programs teach technology. Because a new set of digital standards were developed as media arts, separate from the visual arts, we believe that media arts should be considered a subset of the larger umbrella of visual arts, seeing visual art educators are the best equipped to address the new digital media arts standards and forms of making. Finally the article makes suggestions about how university art teacher preparation programs can redirect their courses to b...
Dunhuang baihua outline paintings

This essay is an exploration of the drafts of Dunhuang painters from an aesthetic point of view,concentrating on the outline sketches in the Mogao Grottoes.In chronological order,the author considers their worth,contents and techniques,and the fine baihua works still in existence.
Blind Loop Syndrome

With stasis of intestinal contents or direct contamination by a fistula connecting the upper bowel to the lower, the proximal small bowel becomes the site of bacterial overgrowth. All the clinical features of the blind loop syndrome can be related to this bacterial proliferation in a part of the bowel where underpopulation by bacteria is the rule.
Human ring chromosome syndromes. An "E" ring associated with an abnormal phenotype.

In peripheral blood cultures of a phenotypically abnormal Caucasian girl, a ring-shaped chromosome was observed in place of an E group member. The rest of the chromosomes of the complement did not show any obvious structural anomaly. The ring chromosome was noted in 100% of the recorded cells, and its size in individual metaphases remained fairly constant. It is suggested that this ring chromosome has become a permanent part of the complement of the patient.
Amplification and imaging using spontaneous backscattered Raman light

We have recently reported imaging and noise characteristics of stimulated Raman amplifiers with objects that were illuminated with coherent Stokes beams obtained from stimulated Raman generators.1 The utility of such imaging amplifiers could be greatly expanded for many applications, such as remote monitoring of specific atmospheric constituents, if the illumination source were thermal in nature rather than coherent.
Mixed neuropathy presenting clinically as an anterior interosseous nerve palsy following shoulder arthroscopy: a report of four cases.

Background Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsies can arise spontaneously or be attributed to one of many causes. We present 4 cases, the largest series to date, in which a mixed peripheral neuropathy presented primarily as an AIN palsy following ipsilateral shoulder arthroscopy. In this report, we detail the patient's presenting symptoms, describe our management of the complication, and provide hypotheses for the mechanism behind the complication. Methods Four different surgeons performed the initial arthroscopic surgeries, but the senior author in all cases managed follow-up and treatment of the neuropathy. All patients were informed and agreed to have their cases published. Results All four patients experienced significant recovery, although 2 of 4 required AIN decompression and exploration because of failure to improve with conservative management. Conclusion Whereas variables such as position, index surgical procedure, and use of regional anesthesia varied among our patients, the one constant was the fluid extravasation from the arthroscopy itself, and for this reason we believe that if there is one singular cause to explain all of these neuropathies, it would be increased pressure in the upper arm and forearm from fluid extravasation in patients with at-risk anatomy. Outside of prevention, recognizing this complication and providing appropriate intervention or referral to a surgeon capable of appropriate intervention are important for any surgeon performing shoulder arthroscopies.
High-temperature characterization of 1200 V SiC DMOSFETs

Silicon Carbide (SiC) offers many advantages for the development of solid state power devices. SiC power electronic devices can operate at higher temperatures, higher breakdown voltages with low leakage currents, and reduced conduction and switching losses [1]. A significant reduction in the weight and size of power conversion systems is expected when SiC power electronics components are used in place of conventional silicon solutions. Silicon (Si) IGBT's are widely used in converter technologies, but conduction and switching losses limit the maximum junction temperature to around 125°C [2]. The Army Research Laboratory is developing 4H-SiC DMOSFET devices to provide enhanced temperature capability and higher power density for advanced power conversion systems.
The sender-excited secret key agreement model: Capacity theorems

We consider the fundamental limits of the secret key generation problem when the sources are excited by the sender. In many practical communication settings, the channel may be influenced by the parties involved. Similar to recent works on probing capacity and channels with action-dependent states, our system model captures such a scenario. We derive single-letter expressions for the secret key capacity. Our coding strategy involves wiretap channel coding and a key generation scheme. By assuming that the eavesdropper receives a degraded version of the legitimate receiver's observation, we also obtain a capacity result that does not involve any auxiliary random variables. Finally, by studying two examples, we show that there is a fundamental tradeoff in between the amount of common randomness (i.e., the secret key rate) and the wiretap secrecy rate.
Revisiting a longstanding clinical trial exclusion criterion: impact of prior cancer in early-stage lung cancer.

Early-stage lung cancer represents a key focus of numerous multicenter clinical trials, but common exclusion criteria such as a prior cancer diagnosis may limit enrollment. We examined the prevalence and prognostic impact of a prior cancer diagnosis among patients with early-stage lung cancer. We identified patients>65 years of age with early-stage lung cancer diagnosed 1996–2009 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database. Prior cancers were characterized by type, stage, and timing with respect to the lung cancer diagnosis. All-cause and lung cancer specific-survival rates were compared between patients with and without prior cancer using Cox regression analyses and propensity scores. Among 42,910 patients with early-stage lung cancer, one-fifth (21%) had a prior cancer. The most common prior cancers were prostate (21%), breast (18%), gastrointestinal (17%), and other genitourinary (15%). Most prior cancers were localized, and 61% were diagnosed within 5 years of the lung cancer diagnosis. There was no difference in all-cause survival between patients with and without prior cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 1.01; P=0.52). Lung cancer specific survival was improved among patients with prior cancer (HR 0.79; P 65 years with prior cancer in clinical trials should be considered to improve study accrual, completion rates, and generalizability.
Abstract 30: Urinary Exosome miRNome Analysis and its Application to Salt-Sensitivity of Blood Pressure

Definitive biomarkers are needed in order to improve diagnostics for salt-sensitivity of blood pressure and hypertension. Exosomes are small vesicles, 50-90 nm in diameter, released from renal tubular epithelial cells into urine, which may contain sub-cellular components that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers. Total miRNA (miRNome) in urinary exosomes has not been previously examined for disease biomarkers, particularly for hypertension and/or salt sensitivity. Following ultracentrifugation of urine, total RNA was collected from urinary exosomes and analyzed by array analysis by LC Sciences (miRBase Human version 18). Three samples per individual of urinary exosomes were isolated and pooled from five human subjects previously typed for salt-sensitivity index from a prior clinical study using a two week controlled sodium diet. Patients were stratified according to salt sensitivity status: High salt-sensitive (HSS) patients’ mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increased on high salt diet by >7mmHg, low salt-sensitive (LSS) patients MAP increased on low salt diet by >7mmHg, and salt-resistant (SR) patients MAP changed
Logic and the Organization of Information

This reviews the main themes of the book. Symbolization and logic can be invaluable allies in the organization of information. Symbolic logic can be a notation for concepts, and, in turn, concepts can be used for assigned indexing. Representation in logic reveals many of the relations between concepts. In turn, this facilitates the construction of graphs of topics which show the relations between the indexing keys. It also assists with the construction of more general graphs of bibliographical relationships. Many of the indexing concepts will be compounds and thus will be searchable or accessible via their components. Additionally the constituent concepts in the indexing concepts will themselves often have types or kinds. These types or kinds amount to facets or faces. Thus, indexing or classification, can often be faceted. And faceted classification enables faceted search and retrieval. Search for suitably tagged Information Objects can be faceted. Using concepts for indexing provides an approach for addressing the information retrieval concerns of synonymy and homography. One important area of information retrieval that symbolic logic does not assist with is that of citation analysis or link analysis (where the citations or links are made by humans).
Matched guise effects can be robust to speech style

When investigating how listeners evaluate the social meaning of variability in speech, researchers using the Matched Guise Technique (MGT) must decide whether to use read speech or conversational speech stimuli. An MGT experiment comparing social evaluation of /ɪŋ/ ∼ /ɪn/ variation in read and conversational speech styles found no evidence that the social evaluation of this variation differed across frame utterance styles. This suggests that use of read speech stimuli can be an appropriate methodological choice in MGT research.
Controlled Substance Agreements for Opioids in a Primary Care Practice

Opioids are widely prescribed for chronic non cancer pain (CNCP). Controlled substance agreements (CSAs) are intended to increase adherence and mitigate risk with opioid prescribing. We evaluated the﻿ demographic ﻿characteristics of a﻿nd opioid dosing for patients with CNCP enrolled in ﻿CSAs in a primary care practice. We conducted a retrospect﻿ive cohort study of﻿ 1066 patients enrolled in CSAs between May 9, 2013﻿ and August 15, 2016 for CNCP in a Midwest primary care practice. Patients were prescribed an average of 40.8 (SD ± 57.0) morphine milligram equivalents per day (MME/day), and 21.5% of patients were receiving ≥50 MME/day and 9.7% were receiving ≥90 MME/day. Patients who were younger in age (≥ 65 vs. 3 vs. CCI ≤ 3, P = 0.03), and reported higher average pain (CCI > 3 mean 5.8 [SD ± 2.1] vs. CCI ≤ 3 mean 5.3 [SD ± 2.0], P = 0.0011). Patients on an identified tapering plan (6.9%) had higher MME/day than patients not on a tapering plan (P = 0.0002). CSAs present an opportunity to engage patients taking higher doses of opioids in discussions about opioid safety, appropriate dosing and tapering. CSAs could be leveraged to develop a population health management approach to the care of patients with CNCP.
Restraint, weight suppression, and self-report reliability: how much do you really weigh?

Abstract This study examined the effects of weight suppression on eating behaviors in a standard restraint ice cream taste-test paradigm. Participants were 58 female restrained eaters categorized by self-report as either high- or low-weight suppressors. Prior to the taste test, half of the participants received a milkshake preload. The amount of ice cream consumed during the taste test was the primary measure of interest. A 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated no significant differences between groups. This contradicts previously reported results in which restrained eaters consumed more following a preload than in the no-preload condition and provides further evidence that restraint is not a homogeneous construct. These results also question the use of self-report measures to determine an individual's level of weight suppression.
Microbial mitigation–exacerbation continuum: a novel framework for microbiome effects on hosts in the face of stress

A key challenge to understanding microbiomes and their role in ecological processes is contextualizing their effects on host organisms, particularly when faced with environmental stress. One influential theory, the Stress Gradient Hypothesis, might predict that the frequency of positive interactions increases with stressful conditions such that microbial taxa would mitigate harmful effects on host performance. Yet, equally plausible is that microbial taxa could exacerbate these effects. Here, we introduce the Mitigation-Exacerbation Continuum as a novel framework to conceptualize microbial mediation of stress. We (1) use this continuum to quantify microbial mediation of stress for six plant species and (2) test the association between these continuum values and natural species' abundance. We factorially manipulated a common stress (allelopathy) and the presence of soil microbes to quantify microbial effects in benign and stressed environments for two critical early life-history metrics, seed germination and seedling biomass. Although we found evidence of both mitigation and exacerbation among the six species, exacerbation was more common. Across species, the degree of microbial-mediated effects on germination explained >80% of the variation of natural field abundances. Our results suggest a critical role of soil microbes in mediating plant stress responses, and a potential microbial mechanism underlying species abundance.
513 Why do female workers have a greater risk of long-term chronic disease compared to men?

Introduction Recent studies suggest that female workers face a greater risk of long-term chronic disease than male workers. A 2008 Mexican study indicated that older female workers have an elevated prevalence of arthritis, diabetes, and hypertension compared to men. A recent U.S. study showed that women working long hours have an elevated risk for chronic disease later in life compared to men. South Korean researchers reported that women in nonstandard jobs are more likely to suffer chronic mental disorders. However, little is known about why female workers have a comparatively greater risk of long term chronic disease. Methods This study involves conducting a systematic literature review followed by a meta analysis of studies involving chronic disease among working women, particularly focusing on populations of working women who are aged fifty and older. The review also focuses on identifying distinctive aspects of women’s work in specific occupational groups in an international context. Result Initial results from the analysis suggest several explanations: a) the evidence is relatively strong that working long hours for extended periods of time raises the likelihood for chronic disease, b) the literature suggests that shift work and disruption of circadian rhythms among women can create long-term chronic health problems, c) women are often required to perform multiple roles at home and work which place greater stress on the women’s ability to meet those additional responsibilities, d) because of those obligations, many working women may not have sufficient time to take care of their health, and e) some demanding physical tasks might be difficult to perform because of inherent gender-based biological constraints (e.g., performing heavy materials-handling tasks). Discussion More specific empirical study of the reasons for elevated chronic disease risk among working women is needed. Additionally, workplace-based interventions to screen affected women for chronic disease should be adopted.
Learning Styles of Leisure Science Majors Compared to Management, Psychology, and Sociology Majors

The purpose of this study was to investigate the learning differences among 216 sophomore to graduate students in the Sport Management, and Travel & Tourism Management specialties of the Department...
Land Use/Land Change and Health

Land use and cover change drive a range of infectious disease outbreaks or disease emergences. These drivers include agricultural encroachment, deforestation, road construction, dam building, irrigation, wetland modification, mining, the concentration or expansion of urban environments, coastal zone degradation, and other activities. These changes in turn cause a cascade of factors that exacerbate infectious disease emergence, such as forest fragmentation, disease introduction, pollution, poverty, and human migration. Such changes can subsequently affect biological mechanisms of disease emergence including: altered vector breeding sites or reservoir host distribution; niche invasions or interspecies host transfers; changes in biodiversity (including loss of predator species and changes in host population density); human-induced genetic changes of disease vectors or pathogens (such as mosquito resistance to pesticides or the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria); and environmental contamination of infectious disease agents.
Studying Ethnicity and Behavioral Medicine

Nearly 25 years ago, behavior genetics became an unpopular domain of research in response to the paper by Arthur Jensen (1969) that addressed genetic differences between racial groups. There was outrage at the idea that one racial/ethnic group was genetically inferior to another. This research had reverberations in science at two levels. First, doing behavior genetic studies involving people of color was considered taboo or politically incorrect by all but a few researchers [among them Sandra Scarr (e.g., Scan, 1981, 1988; Scan & Weinberg, 1976)]. Second, this research had an effect on scientific studies done on minorities in all fields of inquiry. Scientists avoided studying racial/ethnic groups for fear of showing that minorities did not perform as well as whites on tests designed for whites. This concern over finding deficits in the performance of minorities in cross-cultural studies became a wall that blocked the accumulation of knowledge about minorities.
Two-phase frictional pressure drop and water film thickness in a thin hydrophilic microchannel

Abstract This study focuses on the experimental investigation of the two-phase pressure drop and water film thickness in a thin microchannel. Air-water flow in the thin channel of dimensions 3.23 mm wide by 0.304 mm high produces a stratified flow over a range of test conditions. The experimental data allowed for the assessment of several models including homogeneous, separated, and relative permeability models. A comparison of the two-phase pressure to the recently developed two-fluid model (Wang, 2009) resulted in a new exponent ( n k ) of 1.159 for the relative permeability, which produced a mean absolute percent error of 3.25%. Imaging of the air-water flow allowed for measuring the water film thickness, which showed good agreement with the analytical solution of Steinbrenner (2011) and the two-fluid model with a mean error of −0.035. The study demonstrates the applicability for the two-fluid model to predict both the two-phase pressure and the water film thickness in thin microchannels.