cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short chain alkanols as transport enhancers for lipophilic and polar/ionic permeants in hairless mouse skin: Mechanism(s) of action

The influences of short chain n-alkanols (from C1 to C5) and isopropanol on the transport of lipophilic (β-estradiol and hydrocortisone) and polar/ionic (tetraethylammonium ion) permeants across hairless mouse skin have been investigated. Permeability studies employing a two-chamber diffusion cell were carried out over wide ranges of alkanol (in saline) concentrations with an aim toward quantifying the reversible enhancement effects of the added alkanol upon the lipoidal pathway of the stratum corneum. An enhancement factor, E (for the lipoidal pathway of the stratum corneum), was calculated from permeability coefficient and solubility data, and the E values for β-estradiol and for hydrocortisone were found to be nearly always the same in all instances. A pattern of increasing E values with increasing alkanol chain length up to C5 with these two permeants was found. A nearly semi-logarithmic linear relationship was also obtained between the enhancement potency and the carbon number of the n-alkanols; there was about 4-fold increase in the enhancement potency per n-alkanol methylene group. Pretreatment studies showed that the n-alkanol effetcts at low concentrations were reversible as far the lipoidal pathway of the stratum corneum was concerned. These results demonstrate the general usefulness of this approach for evaluating the action of enhancers on the barrier function of the stratum corneum. It is suggested that the short chain alkanols may work at low concentrations as effective ‘fluidizing’ agents at some locus in the stratum corneum lipid bilayer at or near the polar head plane, but not in the deep bilayer hydrocarbon interiors.
ANOMALOUS THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY IN SUPERCONDUCTING NIOBIUM.

Anomalously high thermal conductivity of superconducting Nb between 0.3 and 0.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is interpreted as evidence for a small second energy gap. The temperature dependence of the excess thermal conductivity is consistent with a BCS-like gap about $\frac{1}{25}$ of the dominant gap in both magnitude and transition temperature. The magnitude of the excess conductivity appears to justify identifying the small gap with the hole sheet of the Fermi surface centered about symmetry point $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$. Less readily explained on the basis of a two-gap model are the high phonon conductivity observed in this and other experiments and the very high ${Q}_{S}$ observed for Nb microwave cavities at low temperatures.
The plutonium–oxygen phase diagram in the 25–900°C range: Non-existence of the PuO1.515 phase

Abstract Evaluation of data for phases formed in the Pu–O system at temperatures below 900 °C shows that the observed oxides are not at equilibrium. Results are consistent with coexistence of a hexagonal solid solution (hex-PuO 1.5+ z , 0 ⩽ z ⩽ 0.010) and a cubic phase (cub-PuO 1.60 ) in equilibrium at 800 °C, but fail to confirm that the O/Pu ratio of the body-centered-cubic (bcc) oxide formed near the sesquioxide composition is 1.515 (1.52) or that bcc-PuO 1.515 is formed by the peritectic reaction of hex-PuO 1.510 with cub-PuO 1.60 . Stable Pu(IV)/Pu(III) ratios observed for products of the Pu–H 2 O reaction correspond to members of the Pu n O 2 n − 2 homologous series, but a product is not formed at O/Pu = 1.515. Metastable bcc-PuO 1.50 ( n = 4) and stable hex-PuO 1.5+ z coexist below 285 °C, the point at which reversible eutectic decomposition of cubic PuO 1.60 ( n = 5) produces a non-equilibrium mixture of bcc-PuO 1.50 and sub-stoichiometric dioxide (PuO 2 − y ). Transformation of bcc-PuO 1.50 to stable hex-PuO 1.50 and reactions of the hexagonal oxide to form higher-composition cubic phases are kinetically hindered. An alternative diagram describing non-equilibrium chemical behavior of the Pu–O system is presented.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Differentially Regulate GABAergic Inhibition in Thalamus

Thalamic interneurons and thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons provide inhibitory innervation of thalamocortical cells that significantly influence thalamic gating. The local interneurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) give rise to two distinct synaptic outputs: classical axonal and dendrodendritic. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) by agonists or optic tract stimulation increases the output of these presynaptic dendrites leading to increased inhibition of thalamocortical neurons. The present study was aimed to evaluate the actions of specific mGluRs on inhibitory GABA-mediated signaling. We found that the group I mGluR (mGluR(1,5)) agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) or optic tract stimulation produced a robust increase in spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) in thalamocortical neurons that was attenuated by the selective mGluR(5) antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP). In contrast, the group II mGluR (mGluR(2,3)) agonists (2R, 4R)-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (APDC) or (2S,2'R,3'R)-2-(2'3'-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV) suppressed the frequency of sIPSCs. In addition, mGluR(1,5) agonist DHPG produced depolarizations and mGluR(2/3) agonists APDC or L-CCG-I [(2S,1'S,2'S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine] produced hyperpolarizations in dLGN interneurons. Furthermore, the enhanced sIPSC activity by optic tract stimulation was reduced when paired with corticothalamic fiber stimulation. The present data indicate that activation of specific mGluR subtypes differentially regulates inhibitory activity via different synaptic pathways. Our results suggest that activation of specific mGluR subtypes can upregulate or downregulate inhibitory activity in thalamic relay neurons, and these actions likely shape excitatory synaptic integration and thus regulate information transfer through thalamocortical circuits.
Federal Policy on Disproportionality in Special Education: Is it Moving us Forward?

Monitoring requirements in the 1997 amendments to and 2004 reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) acknowledged the existence and extent of racial/ethnic disproportionality in special education, especially when, in 2004, Congress designated this concern among the top three priority areas for monitoring and enforcement of the law. However, federal interpretations of the 2004 requirements have created confusion at the State (SEA) and Local Education Agency (LEA) levels. This article analyzes data from state Annual Performance Reports to assess the progress made in identifying disproportionality. Though high levels of disproportionality remain, an increasing number of states are finding no LEAs with disproportionality when it must be shown that the disproportionality was caused by inappropriate identification. The analyses provided suggest that federal interpretations of IDEA 2004 have not been effective in addressing disproportionate representation in special education. Rec...
Ribonuclease P: an enzyme with an essential RNA component

Abstract The activity of ribonuclease P on precursor tRNA substrates from Escherichia coli can be abolished by pretreatment of this enzyme with micrococcal nuclease or pancreatic ribonuclease A, as well as by proteases and by thermal denaturation. Highly purified RNase P exhibits one prominent RNA and one prominent polypeptide component when examined in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The buoyant density in CsCl of RNase P, 1.71 g/ml, is characteristic of a protein-RNA complex. The activity of RNase P is inhibited by various RNA molecules. The presence of a discrete RNA component in RNase P appears to be essential for enzymatic function. A model is described for enzyme-substrate recognition in which this RNA component plays an important role.
Radiative decays of heavy vector mesons into paraquarkonia

Abstract The width for decays of the type 1−→γ + 0− is evaluated using the two gluon mechanism of QCD. In particular we compute Γ(Ψ → γ + η′), Γ(Ψ → γ + η) and Γ(ϒ → γ + ηc). The first two are found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental results, while the latter leads to a branching ratio of 2 × 10−5.
5-Azacytidine increases the activity of neomycin phosphotransferase II in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum : a posttranslational mechanism may play a role

In previous studies, tobacco protoplasts were transformed with the bacterial gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II). Transformed calluses lost neomycin phosphotransferase II activity after several subcultures. Treatment of calluses with 5-azacytidine, a demethylating agent, restored enzyme activity, suggesting that methylation of npt II sequences might be responsible for loss of NPT II activity. Studies presented here were designed to test that hypothesis. Results indicated that the effect of 5-azacytidine could not be blocked by the DNA replication inhibitor, hydroxyurea, nor by the 5-azacytidine analogue, cytidine as would be expected with a DNA demethylation mechanism. The level of NPT II mRNA was not increased by 5-azacytidine. Treatment with cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, had no effect on 5-azacytidine-increased NPT II activity. There was no increase of NPT II protein caused by 5-azacytidine, whereas 5-azacytidine increased activity of NPT II. In contrast, the auxin 2,4-D increased both the NPT II protein and activity. Assays for malate dehydrogenase demonstrated that the effect of 5-azacytidine and hydroxyurea on NPT II was not due to an overall effect on callus metabolism. In vitro studies involving standard bacterial NPT II enzyme and crude extracts from untreated and 5-azacytidine- or hydroxyurea-treated calluses showed that the activity of NPT II added to the untreated extracts was lower than the activity of NPT II added to the extracts from calluses treated with 5-azacytidine or hydroxyurea, indicating that there was an unknown factor (or factors) in callus extracts which affected the activity of NPT II and itself was affected by 5-azacytidine and hydroxyurea treatment. These results suggested that one effect of 5-azacytidine in increasing NPT II activity was posttranslational.
Quenching rate constants for the removal of SO2(3B1) by various fluorinated olefins

A competitive technique employing the SO2(3B1) photosensitized isomerization of cis-C2F2H2 to trans-C2F2H2 in the presence of selected fluorinated olefins has been used at 3712 A and 22°C to determine the quenching rate constants of the reaction removal. With PSo2 = 25.4 torr and Pcis-C2F2H2 = 0.239 torr Stern–Volmer plots for M = C2H4, C2H2F, 1,1-C2F2H2, C2F4, and C3F6 yielded k4 (units of 1010 l./mole · sec) values of 5.29 ± 0.16, 4.21 ± 0.53, 1.92 ± 0.23, 0.575 ± 0.060, and 0.0335 ± 0.0027, respectively. The results were consistent with the ability of an olefin to quench SO2(3B1) being inversely proportional to the polarizability of the olefin's π bond and the effect can be clearly noted as each H atom in C2H4 is individually replaced by an F atom.
A Genome-wide Association Study of Host Genetic Determinants of the Antibody Response to Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed

Several lines of evidence have supported a host genetic contribution to vaccine response, but genome-wide assessments for specific determinants have been sparse. Here we describe a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of protective antigen-specific antibody (AbPA) responses among 726 European-Americans who received Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) as part of a clinical trial. After quality control, 736,996 SNPs were tested for association with the AbPA response to 3 or 4 AVA vaccinations given over a 6-month period. No SNP achieved the threshold of genome-wide significance (p=5 × 10(-8)), but suggestive associations (p<1 × 10(-5)) were observed for SNPs in or near the class II region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), in the promoter region of SPSB1, and adjacent to MEX3C. Multivariable regression modeling suggested that much of the association signal within the MHC corresponded to previously identified HLA DR-DQ haplotypes involving component HLA-DRB1 alleles of *15:01, *01:01, or *01:02. We estimated the proportion of additive genetic variance explained by common SNP variation for the AbPA response after the 6 month vaccination. This analysis indicated a significant, albeit imprecisely estimated, contribution of variation tagged by common polymorphisms (p=0.032). Future studies will be required to replicate these findings in European Americans and to further elucidate the host genetic factors underlying variable immune response to AVA.
Activity of a rat-liver glycoprotein: sialyltransferase utilizing desialyzed prothrombin as an acceptor in normal and hypothrombinemic animals.

A glycoprotein : sialyltransferase which catalyzed the addition of N-acetyl[14C]neuraminic acid to desialyzed glycoprotein precursors has been partially purified and characterized from rat liver, using desialyzed human prothrombin as an exogenous acceptor. The enzyme was extracted with 0.1% Triton X-100 and was purified 31-fold by gel chromatography. The sialyltransferase with desialyzed human prothrombin as acceptor was most active at 37 ° C, pH 7.0, 15 mM Mg2+, and its activity toward other asialoglycoproteins was similar with respect to optimum conditions. The enzyme was inhibited by 10 mM HgCl2, PbCl2 and ZnCl2. Kinetic data were treated according to the model of Cleland for a bisubstrate reaction and the various constants were Kb= 50 μM, Kb= 31 μM, Kia= 10 μM, Kib= 5.8 μM, and V1= 100 nmol × h−1× mg protein−1, where a = CMP-N-acetyl[14C]neuraminic acid and b = prothrombin. The activities with various desialyzed acceptors could not be separated by gel chromatography and may be due to a single sialyltransferase. Rats made hypothrombinemic by maintenance on a vitamin-K-deficient diet had normal or slightly elevated amounts of sialyltransferase activity using either desialyzed prothrombin or fetuin as glycoprotein acceptors for N-acetylneuraminic acid. Rat liver obtained from vitamin-K-deficient rats also had normal amounts of other glycosyltransferases, including galactosyl, glucosyl and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, as measured with endogenous or exogenous acceptors.
Resonant Cell Laser-Based Photoacoustic Densitometer for Thin-Layer Chromatography

Photoacoustic spectroscopy was applied to the in situ densitometry of thin-layer chromatographic plates. Fast laser-scanning detection with signal enhancement was demonstrated at a resonant frequency of the cell. The use of phase difference between signal and background provided higher signal-to-noise ratios. Detection limit for Orange G was 170 pg, and the analytical curve was linear over three orders of magnitude.
Be9 in the cluster model

Abstract Low-lying levels of Be9 are examined in the neutron plus Be8 cluster configuration. The main purpose is to determine the nature of the anomaly existing at about 1.7 MeV. The results indicate that this anomaly is a resonant state with spin and parity 1 2 − . The energy of the 3 2− ground state has also been computed. The calculated value of −59.1 MeV compares favourably with the experimental value of −58.2 MeV.
THE INHIBITION OF PURINE BIOSYNTHESIS DE NOVO IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS BY CORDYCEPIN.

Abstract 1. 1. Cordycepin has been shown to inhibit purine biosynthesis de novo as evidenced by a decreased incorporation of radioactive formate into the nucleic acid purines of Bacillus subtilis . 2. 2. The incorporation of radioactive 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide into the purine ring was not severely inhibited by cordycepin. 3. 3. Radiautography of an alcohol-soluble extract of B. subtilis which were grown with cordycepin and either radioactive formate or glycine failed to show an accumulation of any intermediates. 4. 4. The formation of formylglycinamide ribonucleotide, which was caused to accumulate by the addition of 6-diazo-5-oxo- l -norleucine, was suppressed in the presence of cordycepin. These results indicate that in B. subtilis cordycepin inhibits a step in purine biosynthesis de novo which is prior to the formation of glycinamide ribonucleotide.
Diagnosing genocide--the case of Darfur.

In this desperate debate, the fragility of the humanitarian response and the nature of genocide are core themes. Dr. Jennifer Leaning writes that professionals in medicine and public health have much to add to our understanding of these issues.
Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol content on marijuana smoking behavior, subjective reports, and performance

Abstract This study investigated the smoking topography of marijuana and its effect on heart rate, subjective reports, and cognitive/psychomotor task performance. Male subjects (N = 12) with histories of moderate marijuana use smoked ad lib one cigarette containing 0, 1.3, or 2.7% Δ9-THC on separate days. Smoking topography measures revealed smaller puff and inhalation volumes and shorter puff duration for the high marijuana dose compared to the low dose. No other smoking behavior differed between the active doses. Heart rate was increased dose dependently over placebo levels. Active marijuana also increased subjective reports of drug effect over placebo, but not dose dependently. Significant memory impairment was observed on a forward and reverse digit span task, and performance was impaired on the digit symbol substitution task by the high, but not low, dose of marijuana. Performance on a divided attention task was not affected by marijuana. Thus, although subjects adjusted their smoking of cigarettes varying in THC content, dose-related effects of marijuana were obtained on several measures. The observed differences and individual variation in smoking topography measures suggest that precise control of smoking behavior would improve the accuracy of marijuana dose delivery.
The use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy in the treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The management of oropharyngeal cancers continues to evolve. Due to the functional consequences of surgery, organ preservation strategies with radiation combined with chemotherapy have been developed. Newer strategies to diminish the acute and late toxicities and improve the functional outcome of organ preservation strategies are being developed. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy is a relatively new, advanced form of radiation therapy that is being studied in an effort to improve local control rates and minimize the late effects of treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Several recent studies have further supported the role for radiation therapy and chemotherapy as part of organ preservation strategies for cancers of the oropharynx. With the intensification of treatment, however, toxicities and functional impairment occur and have not been well documented in the past. Several recent studies report on the toxicities of traditional treatment methods. In addition, data show that intensity-modulated radiation therapy may be superior in terms of limiting toxicity compared with standard radiation therapy techniques. The integration of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with chemotherapeutic and radioprotective agents to further improve the therapeutic window for radiation therapy is being actively pursued. SUMMARY This paper reviews recent advances in radiotherapy for oropharynx cancer and the use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy.
Non-specificity of motor hyperactivity as a diagnostic criterion

The relationship between motor hyperactivity and childhood depression was investigated in a group of 178 children referred for evaluation of school problems. 60% (n = 107) of the children fulfilled the modified Feighner criteria for primary childhood depression. 44% (n = 78) of the children had motor hyperactivity and 75% (n = 59) of these also showed depression. Terminal insomnia, somatic complaints, self-deprecation, episodic loss of interest in school and usual activities, social withdrawal, and preoccupation with death and dying were the symptoms which significantly differentiated depressed from non-depressed children.
Structural organization, regulation, and expression of the chloroplastic superoxide dismutase Sod1 gene in maize.

A cDNA and genomic clone encoding maize chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase Sod1 were isolated. Southern blot analysis indicated little homology between the chloroplastic (Sod1) and the cytosolic (Sod2, Sod4, Sod4A) cDNAs. Sequence analysis of the genomic clone revealed a promoter, transit peptide, and partial coding sequence. The promoter contained several response elements (e.g., for light, cold temperature, xenobiotics) that may be involved in the regulation of the Sod1 gene. Sod1 expression during development and in response to physiological and chemical stressors such as temperature, xenobiotics (paraquat), and light were examined.
Narcotization of Chinook Salmon Fingerlings with Tricaine Methanesulfonate (M.S. 222)

Abstract Chinook salmon fingerlings were exposed to varying concentrations of tricaine methanesulfonate (M.S. 222) for a period of 5 minutes. Groups exposed to concentrations of 1:10,000 and greater experienced heavy mortality. Concentrations of 1:50,000 and less proved ineffective for narcotizing purposes. Experimental evidence indicates that the lowest concentration of the drug capable of narcotizing the test animals within the allotted time period is 1:33,000. Fingerlings can withstand this dose (1:33,000) for at least 105 minutes without ill effects but an immersion approaching 241 minutes is fatal. Fingerlings adapted to either a salt-water environment of 52° F. or to a fresh-water environment of 59° F. were narcotized with equal facility. During a 2-week observation period following recovery, no latent effects of narcotization were noted in any test animal.
An overview of the Minnesota approach to research in moral development.

This article traces the history of the Minnesota approach to moral judgement research. It is claimed that this history can be subdivided into four phases, each one associated with a different goal and theoretical consideration. Attention is also given to the issues motivating the different research goals as well as highlights of the outcomes of this work. It is concluded that the Minnesota approach has been a progressive force in the field, promoting change in both theory and measurement and also serving as a stabilising force by reaffirming Kohlberg's basic view that moral judgements are both cognitive and developmental.
The relationship of academic self-efficacy to class participation and exam performance

This study examined the relationship of academic self-efficacy to engagement in class discussion and performance on major course exams among students (N = 165) in an undergraduate human development course. Cluster analysis was used to identify three levels of academic self-efficacy: high (n = 34), medium (n = 91), and low (n = 40). Results indicated that high, medium, and low academic self-efficacy all significantly predicted levels of student participation and exam performance, but the directionality of group placement on the academic measures was different for students at the high self-efficacy level versus those at the low and mid self-efficacy levels. Cluster analysis was also used to divide students into high, medium, and low grade-point average (GPA). These groups did not differ significantly on either self-efficacy or class participation but did differ on exam performance. Within GPA levels, self-efficacy was most strongly related to class participation and exam performance at the highest level of GPA and least related at the lowest level of GPA.
Terrestrial planet finder interferometer 2005: overview of system design studies and technology development

This paper is an overview of the progress in the development of a formation flying architecture concept for NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer project. Highlights from both system design studies and technology development efforts are briefly discussed and are supported by other papers in this conference providing greater detail. Described are the major trades, analyses, and technology experiments completed. Near term plans are also described. This paper covers progress since June 2004 and serves as an update to a paper presented at that month's SPIE conference, "Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation", held in Glasgow, Scotland.
Relations between Mucosal Immunity and Children’s Mental Health: The Role of Child Sex

Abstract This study examines relations between children's salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and mental health. Child sex was considered as a moderator of relations. Data were from 329 normally developing children (M age = 9.85 years; SD = .98 years); 67% of children were European American and 33% were African American. Saliva samples were obtained during the afternoon and assayed for SIgA and IL-6. Parents completed questionnaire measures of child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and children completed self-report measures of anxiety and depression. Structural equation models were fit to the data, and indicated that greater levels of salivary IL-6 and SIgA were associated with adjustment problems more strongly for girls than for boys.
Clinical efficacy and safety of zaleplon in the treatment of insomnia

Zaleplon is a nonbenzodiazepine γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor agonist, with moderate affinity but high selectivity for the type I receptor subtype. After oral administration, it achieves peak blood concentrations in approximately 1 h, and undergoes hepatic metabolism primarily by aldehyde oxidase, as well as the cytochrome P450 system (CYP 3A4), into inactive metabolites. Its elimination half-life is approximately 1 h, the most rapid of any currently available hypnotic. It has been shown to be efficacious for up to 5 weeks in placebo-controlled trials, and up to 1 year in an open-label study of the elderly. The benefits of zaleplon are largely on sleep induction; presumably, due to its rapid clearance, effects on total sleep time are less evident. Its short half-life allows for middle-of-the-night administration, so long as the patient plans to remain in bed for at least 4 h. Under these conditions, it has been shown to improve back-to-sleep latency and postdosing total sleep time without subseque...
Incident ion energy effects on the secondary Rh + ion kinetic energy and azimuthal angle distributions from Rh{111}

Abstract The nature of the collision cascade initiated by a bombarding ion beam strongly depends upon the kinetic energy of the ion beam. As the incident ion beam energy is lowered, the changes in the collision cascade cause a reduction in the total ejected particle yield, the ion fraction of the ejected particles, and the fraction of ejected clusters. We present the azimuthal angle and kinetic energy distributions of secondary Rh + ions from a clean Rh{111} sample bombarded with 250 and 3000 eV Ar + ion beams. These distributions show features associated with the lattice atomic arrangement and a previously unreported secondary ionization mechanism which arises from damage to the electronic structure of the lattice. The azimuthal angle and kinetic energy distributions exhibit substantial changes at low primary ion beam energy due to the diminution of the collision cascade.
Surgical approach to an oronasal fistula of 40 years' duration.

Abstract A case of luetic palatal perforation of 40 years' duration has been presented. A delayed, epithelium-lined flap using a free mucosal graft was employed to close the defect.
Implementing an online registration process for the IT short course training program

Information Technology at The University of Montana provides free technology training to faculty, staff and students through the IT Short Course Training Program. Each semester, courses are offered on a variety of topics including: accessibility, Banner, Moodle, MS Office, general computer maintenance, and web technologies. Course registration was available through the program website and worked well for both registrants and administrators. However, new technologies prompted us to redesign and update the process.Beginning in fall 2011 we rolled out a new online registration process. Registrants log in to a Short Course Manager using their NetID, the login credential for UM centrally accessed services and applications. Once in the system, they create a user profile and can register, view, and cancel their current courses. Additionally, transcripts are available for all courses completed.This new system has been well received by campus. For administrators, system improvements include: online registrant record-keeping, a permanent library of course offerings editable and available for future semesters, more flexible mid-semester course additions and changes, and automated course confirmation and cancellation notices. New features for program instructors include online roster availability and access to instructor policies and procedures necessary for lab preparation and shut-down.What went well? What still needs improvement? As we move forward with this new system, we will continue to assess its functionality ensuring that the process allows convenient and smooth course registration for University members and efficient, easy management for administrators.
The breadth and boundaries of a self‐psychological immersion in shame a one‐and‐a‐half‐person perspective

Shame colors other feelings and perceptions about the self. From reflections about his own personal experiences and observations regarding a particular manic‐depressive patient, the author discusses the evolution of his current clinical and theoretical understanding of shame. The framework of analytic self psychology is offered as a particularly useful perspective from which to consider shame, with its emphasis on the concept of selfobject to account both for shame's development (through selfobject misattunement and unresponsive‐ness) and for its amelioration (through empathic mirroring, idealization, and twinning). A developmental sequence for shame is advanced reflecting limitations in selfobject responsiveness, and problems are noted in the ability of current self psychology theory to fully account for the alleviation of shame. The self plays its part in the construction of those selfobjects needed to ease shame, representing the “one‐and‐a‐half‐person psychology”; of the paper's subtitle. Finally, the...
A specific class of IS10 transposase mutants are blocked for target site interactions and promote formation of an excised transposon fragment

Abstract We report the identification and characterization of a class of IS10 transposase mutants that carry out only some of the steps required for transposition. These mutants were identified among transposition-defective mutants as a specific subclass that retains the wild-type ability to induce SOS functions in the presence of transposon ends. Mutants of this class successfully promote excision of the element from its donor site, but do not promote transfer of the transposon sequences to a target site. SOS induction presumably results from the degradation of the donor site. Uniquely among transposition-defective mutants, SOS + Tnsp − mutants promote the formation of a new product, the excised transposon fragment (ETF), which consists of the transposon excised from the original donor molecule by double-strand breaks at the transposon ends. SOS + Tnsp − mutants identified thus far define two patches of amino acids that might correspond to regions of different function. A single additional mutation maps within a region that is highly conserved among IS element transposases. The existence of SOS + Tnsp − mutants and the structure of the ETF provide strong support for the previously proposed nonreplicative model of Tn10IS10 transposition.
On the cracked Bell

Abstract A simple model based on energy methods of applied mechanics is developed and employed to study the effect of clapper location on the initiation and growth of cracks in bells. The origins of cracks in the Liberty Bell and Big Ben are discussed, and the simple model is employed to explain why remedial measures on Big Ben, though perhaps not optimal, have prolonged its life.
Histopathologic findings in papulovesicular light eruption

Papulovesicular light eruption (PVLE) is a distinct clinical and histological subset of polymorphous light eruption. Biopsies from 16 patients with PVLE showed prominent epidermal and dermal changes consisting of intercellular edema, papillary dermal edema and a perivascular and interstitial infiltrate in the upper dermis.
Free Advertising: How the Media Amplify Campaign Messages

The impact of political ads paid for by candidates is amplified because of the free media coverage they receive. Yet how frequently does that occur? And are certain types of ads more likely to be c...
Rock Glacier Morphometry, San Juan Mountains, Colorado

INTRODUCTION There have been numerous studies of rock glaciers for the purpose of defining the responsible processes. S. E. White (1976) and Whalley, (1974) offer excellent literature reviews of rock-glacier research. Nevertheless, there are certain processes which remain poorly understood. J. P. Johnson (1973, p. 84) stated: “in spite of the many descriptions and studies that have been made of rock glaciers during the last 75 years, remarkably little is known about them.” Whalley (1974, p. 1) agreed that “some dispute about their origin, formation and mode of flow still exists” Due to the relative inaccessibility of rock glaciers and the difficulty of collecting field data from alpine terrain, most of the previous studies have focused on detailed field observations obtained from a very limited population. A few examples are Goldthwait (1970), Ives (1940), Foster and Holmes (1965, R. B. Johnson (1967), Blagbrough and Farkas (1968), Potter (1972), and Birkeland (1973). With the possible exceptions of Wahrhaftig and Cox (1959) and Barsch (1977), there have been no extensive morphometric analyses of rock glaciers.
Commerce and the critical edge: negotiating the politics of postsocialist film, the case of Feng Xiaogang

AbstractThis article investigates Feng Xiaogang's (b.1958) film-making in the new millennium. Drawing upon his three films, Yi sheng tanxi/A Sigh (2000), Shouji/Cell Phone (2003), and Tianxia wu zei/A World without Thieves (2004), I examine how the uneven postsocialist situation in China fundamentally shapes his film-making and how his films are broadly symptomatic of the current condition and politics of Chinese cinema. I argue that, in the postsocialist condition, Feng's cultural intervention is strategically embedded within its apparently commercial form. My investigation begins with an analysis of the social space in postsocialist China as represented in his films. It then deals with the major focus of his films — common people's everyday lives, and it ends with an examination of the most intriguing aspect of his films and the most powerful weapon of his cultural intervention: his humour.
Kinetic dissolution of carbonates and Mn oxides in acidic water: Measurement of in situ field rates and reactive transport modeling

Abstract The kinetics of carbonate and Mn oxide dissolution under acidic conditions were examined through the in situ exposure of pure phase samples to acidic ground water in Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona. The average long-term calculated in situ dissolution rates for calcite and dolomite were 1.65×10 −7 and 3.64×10 −10 mmol/(cm 2 s), respectively, which were about 3 orders of magnitude slower than rates derived in laboratory experiments by other investigators. Application of both in situ and lab-derived calcite and dolomite dissolution rates to equilibrium reactive transport simulations of a column experiment did not improve the fit to measured outflow chemistry: at the spatial and temporal scales of the column experiment, the use of an equilibrium model adequately simulated carbonate dissolution in the column. Pyrolusite (MnO 2 ) exposed to acidic ground water for 595 days increased slightly in weight despite thermodynamic conditions that favored dissolution. This result might be related to a recent finding by another investigator that the reductive dissolution of pyrolusite is accompanied by the precipitation of a mixed Mn–Fe oxide species. In PHREEQC reactive transport simulations, the incorporation of Mn kinetics improved the fit between observed and simulated behavior at the column and field scales, although the column-fitted rate for Mn-oxide dissolution was about 4 orders of magnitude greater than the field-fitted rate. Remaining differences between observed and simulated contaminant transport trends at the Pinal Creek site were likely related to factors other than the Mn oxide dissolution rate, such as the concentration of Fe oxide surface sites available for adsorption, the effects of competition among dissolved species for available surface sites, or reactions not included in the model.
Cointegration, common features, and persistence in U.S. farm output

This paper determines the persistence of shocks to U.S. farm output at the sectoral and sub-sectoral level using a disaggregated vector autoregression framework. The persistence is measured under models that impose short-run common feature and long-run cointegration restrictions. The sub-sectoral outputs are found to have a relatively high degree of comovement in the short-run and a relatively low degree of comovement in the long-run. The common feature and cointegration restrictions are found to improve the precision of persistence and cross-persistence estimates. Subsectoral persistence shows considerable variation; persistence in Poultry & Eggs sub-sector is nearly three times the persistence in the Fruits & Nuts sub-sector. Two sub-sectors that share long-run common trends, Food Grains and Feed, Hay & Forage, also have significant cross-persistence, implying technological spillovers.
A Heuristic Coulomb Collision Operator for Cylindrical Velocity Coordinates

We consider the effect of Coulomb collisions on an arbitrary distribution of electrons immersed in a thermal fully ionized background distribution. We develop specifically a Coulomb collision operator in cylindrical velocity coordinates, which are the convenient or natural choice for many acceleration processes. We compare this new operator with the standard linearized Coulomb collision operator in spherical velocity coordinates and then apply the cylindrical operator to the problem of electron acceleration in impulsive solar flares.
Rad51 Activates Polyomavirus JC Early Transcription

The human neurotropic polyomavirus JC (JCV) causes the fatal CNS demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). JCV infection is very common and after primary infection, the virus is able to persist in an asymptomatic state. Rarely, and usually only under conditions of immune impairment, JCV re-emerges to actively replicate in the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of the brain causing PML. The regulatory events involved in the reactivation of active viral replication in PML are not well understood but previous studies have implicated the transcription factor NF-κB acting at a well-characterized site in the JCV noncoding control region (NCCR). NF-κB in turn is regulated in a number of ways including activation by cytokines such as TNF-α, interactions with other transcription factors and epigenetic events involving protein acetylation – all of which can regulate the transcriptional activity of JCV. Active JCV infection is marked by the occurrence of rapid and extensive DNA damage in the host cell and the induction of the expression of cellular proteins involved in DNA repair including Rad51, a major component of the homologous recombination-directed double-strand break DNA repair machinery. Here we show that increased Rad51 expression activates the JCV early promoter. This activation is co-operative with the stimulation caused by NF-κB p65, abrogated by mutation of the NF-κB binding site or siRNA to NFκB p65 and enhanced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate. These data indicate that the induction of Rad51 resulting from infection with JCV acts through NF-κB via its binding site to stimulate JCV early transcription. We suggest that this provides a novel positive feedback mechanism to enhance viral gene expression during the early stage of JCV infection.
The Party Effect from A to Z and Beyond

The origin of this pair of notes is a study that was not party centered but rather noted that a null hypothesis of no majority party effect could not be refuted. By changing the dependent and/or independent variables of the original study, however, Binder, Lawrence, and Maltzman (1999) find evidence of such an effect. This comment accepts their findings as evidence of majority party influence but questions the durability and robustness of the so-called party effect. Durability is questioned because there is little evidence of an outcome-consequential nature. Robustness is questioned because the findings are sensitive to measures and to model specification. Finally, the conclusion highlights the need for an explicit, formal, outcome-consequential theory of majority party strength.
Charge Transport Parameters of the Pentathienoacene Crystal

Pentathienoacene, the thiophene equivalent of pentacene, is one of the latest additions to the family of organic crystal semiconductors with a great potential for use in thin film transistors. By using density functional theory and gas-phase ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, we investigate the microscopic charge transport parameters of the pentathienoacene crystal. We find that the valence band exhibits a stronger dispersion than those in the pentacene and rubrene single crystals with marked uniaxial characteristics within the molecular layer due to the presence of one-dimensional π-stacks; a small hole effective mass is also found along the direction perpendicular to the molecular layers. In the conduction band, strong intermolecular sulfur−sulfur interactions give rise to a significant interstack electronic coupling whereas the intrastack dispersion is greatly reduced. The intramolecular vibronic coupling (reorganization energy) is stronger than that in pentacene but comparable to that in sexithio...
EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL MINERALS ON CADMIUM TOXICITY. A Review

The relationships between cadmium and minerals are reviewed from three points of view with respect to the required nutrients. The first is whether or not cadmium affects the metabolism and/or function of the required nutrients under normal conditions of dietary intake. The second aspect concerns the effects of cadmium in animals receiving a deficient intake of an essential nutrient. The third aspect involves the effects of cadmium in animals receiving an excess intake of an essential nutrient. No relationship has been established regarding cadmium affecting metabolism and/or function under normal conditions of dietary intake. A deficiency of the nutrient increases the severity of cadmium toxicity. An excess of the nutrient decreases the toxicity of cadmium.
Colon cancer awareness for prevention: Call for global initiatives

March has been recognized as National Colon Cancer Awareness Month in the United States of America, by a resolution of the US Senate in 1999. The goals of this initiative are to generate widespread awareness about colorectal cancer and encourage people to learn more about prevention of the disease through regular screening and a healthy lifestyle. Every year, more than 940,000 cases of colon cancer occur worldwide and nearly 500,000 people die from it. It is the second leading cause of cancer death among men and women in the US. Colorectal cancers are the most preventable of all cancers. Early detection of precancerous lesions is the key for prevention. The burden of cancer doubled between 1975 and 2000, and it is predicted to double again by 2020 and triple by 2030. Sadly, the burden is shifting to the developing or less developed nations. According to the 2008 World Cancer Report published by the World Health Organization, the total number of cases of cancer in the developing world between 2000 and 2020 is expected to increase by 73 per cent. Why is this increased risk of cancer incidence with epidemic proportions in developing countries happening? A few years ago, I wrote an editorial in this journal and proposed a concept “Acquired Risk for Cancer Incidence”, abbreviated as ARCI. The concept I proposed was based on empirical and semi-empirical data which suggested that individuals who migrated to western countries acquire an increased risk of cancer incidence, akin to the risks known to the population of the country they migrated to. [New paradigms, new Hopes: the need for socially responsible research on carcinogenesis. J Carcinog 2005, 4:22]. It is interesting that the report by the WHO suggests that changes in lifestyle similar to the ones in the western nations could confer additional risk of cancer incidence, which offers a basis for investigating the phenomenon of ARCI. In developing countries, more and more people are embracing western lifestyles, including smoking, high-fat diets, fast food and less physical activity. As developing countries become urbanized, patterns of cancer, including those most strongly associated with diet, tend to shift towards those of economically developed countries. Populations in these countries are expected to grow by 38 percent by 2030. And, these countries will have a high number of older people as populations age, increasing the number of cancers in these countries. While the statistics presented here are of serious concern, there are opportunities to make a difference. The Carcinogenesis Foundation calls for declaration of March as a global colon cancer awareness month by the World Health Organization. Let us initiate a global carcinoprevention drive.
Input-output linearization, zero dynamics stability and nonlinear control of space station

Abstract Based on feedback linearization, a new approach to attitude control of the space station using control moment gyros (CMGs) is presented. The mathematical model of the space station is a nonlinear function of the pitch angle. For the derivation of the attitude control law, output vectors which are linear functions of attitude angles, angular rates and CMG momenta are defined. Using the nonlinear inversion technique, a control law is derived such that in the closed-loop system the input-output map is linear, and the selected output variables are independently controlled. The stability of the zero dynamics is examined and it is shown that in the closed-loop system attitude angles and the CMG momenta converge to the origin. Simulation results are presented to show attitude and CMG momenta regulation capability of the controller.
Delayed-type dermal hypersensitivity responses in cattle infected or sensitized with Taenia saginata

Abstract Steers sensitized with Taenia saginata antigen had greater delayed-type dermal hypersensitivity (DTH) responsiveness than cysticerci-infected steers or those given dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE, transfer factor, TF) from sensitized or infected steers. DTH responsiveness in sensitized steers persisted longer than in infected animals or those given TF. No correlations existed between DTH responsiveness and the number of cysticerci in the carcasses or the cysticerci live: dead ratio.