cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Deliberative and Qualitative Methods to Recommend Revisions to the Medicaid Sterilization Waiting Period.

Abstract Background Sterilization is used by one-quarter of women in the United States for contraception and is a preferred birth control method among women with Medicaid. A history of coercive sterilization practices in the United States led to federal regulation of consent for Medicaid sterilization (including a mandated waiting period); this regulation can be a barrier to sterilization in Medicaid-insured women. This study aimed to develop a revised model of Medicaid sterilization policy grounded in the experiences of women impacted by current regulations. Methods This prospective study used in-depth interviews with 32 Medicaid-insured women who had obtained or tried to obtain sterilization to elicit recommendations regarding the Medicaid waiting period. Deliberative methods (a planning cell including 20 key community stakeholders) were used to evaluate women's recommendations and propose a revised policy for sterilization under Medicaid. Results In-depth interview data demonstrated that women were often not made aware of the 30-day waiting period during informed consent before sterilization. Once informed about the policy, women described the Medicaid waiting period as “unfair,” because it did not apply to all women. After deliberating women's recommendations to change the policy, key stakeholders came to a consensus around replacing the current waiting period policy with an improved consent process that would acknowledge the problematic history of coercive sterilization. Participants could not endorse removing the waiting period altogether without evidence that the health system had shifted away from coercive sterilization practices. Conclusions Using deliberative methods and the recommendations of women with Medicaid insurance, community stakeholders recommended developing a revised Medicaid sterilization consent policy that acknowledged the historical context of this procedure.
Specular reflection contributions to dynamic radiation forces on highly reflecting spheres (L).

Specular reflection contributions to dynamic radiation forces were recently mentioned for highly reflecting spheres to facilitate comparison with forces on cylinders [Marston, Daniel, Fortuner, Kirsteins, and Abawi, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 149, 3042–3051 (2021)]. Both shapes of reflectors were taken to be illuminated by short-wavelength plane wave double-sideband suppressed-carrier ultrasound. Here, the geometric method of evaluating dynamic forces on spheres is illustrated along with an analysis of the phase of the modulated radiation force. Comparison with partial wave series solutions supports the relevance of the specular reflection analysis for insight into forces on highly reflecting objects in water.
Piling on: Multi-Level Government and the Fiscal Common-Pool

This paper discusses the common-pool problems that arise when multiple territorially overlapping governments share the authority to provide services and levy taxes in a common geographic area. Contrary to the traditional Tiebout model in which increasing the number of competing governments improves efficiency, I argue that increasing the number of overlapping governments results in "overfishing" from the shared tax base. I test the model empirically using data from U.S. counties and find a strong positive relationship between the number of overlapping jurisdictions and the size of the local public sector. Substantively, the "overlap effect" amounts to roughly 10 percent of local revenue.
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin neurotoxicity in hospitalized neonates: analysis of the US Database.

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and trends for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and the development of bilirubin neurotoxicity in the USA. We used a de-identified national dataset for the years 2002–2017. The study included all newborn inpatients with postnatal age ≤28 days. Cochran–Armitage trend test was used for trend analyses. Regression analyses were performed and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were reported. The study included 57,989,476 infants; of them 53,259,758 (91.8%) were term infants and 4,725,178 (8.2%) were preterm infants. Bilirubin neurotoxicity decreased over the years in term infants (Z = 0.36, p = 0.03) without change in preterm infants (Z = 42.5, p = 0.12). Black neonates were less likely to be diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia than White neonates (aOR = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77–0.78, p < 0.001) and more likely to develop bilirubin neurotoxicity than White neonates (aOR = 3.0.5, 95% CI: 2.13–4.36, p < 0.001). Bilirubin neurotoxicity rate in the overall population was 2.4 per 100,000 live births. Bilirubin neurotoxicity has significantly decreased in term infants and did not change in preterm infants. Despite the less diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia in Black newborns, they are disproportionately at increased risk of developing bilirubin neurotoxicity when compared to White newborns. In this article, we analyzed the National Inpatient Database. This is the largest study of its kind using data on 57,989,476 neonates. The article has multiple novel findings: (1) it demonstrated that utilization of phototherapy has increased significantly over the years, (2) the rate of kernicterus for neonates decreased in term infants and did not change in preterm babies, (3) kernicterus was mostly encountered in infants without isoimmunization jaundice, and (4) there is a clear racial disparity in neonatal jaundice; although Black newborns have less neonatal jaundice, they are at increased risk of developing kernicterus.
The dissociation dynamics of He...I 35Cl(B,v'=2,3) complexes with varying amounts of internal energy.

The He⋯I 35Cl intermolecular vibrational levels with n′=0–6 that are bound within the He+ICl(B,v′=3) potential [A. B. McCoy, J. P. Darr, D. S. Boucher, P. R. Winter, M. D. Bradke, and R. A. Loomis, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 2677 (2004)] are identified in laser-induced fluorescence experiments performed at very low temperatures within a supersonic expansion. Comparisons of the positions and intensities of these lines with the excitation spectra, calculated using potential surfaces to describe the interactions between the helium atom and ICl in its ground and excited state, assist in the assignments. Based on these comparisons the excited state potential was rescaled so that the experimental and calculated J′=0 energies agree to within the experimental uncertainties for all but the lowest, n′=0, intermolecular level. Two-laser, action, and pump-probe spectroscopy experiments indicate that the bound He⋯I 35Cl(B,v′=3) intermolecular vibrational levels undergo vibrational predissociation forming rotationally excited...
On the convergence rate of a Distributed Augmented Lagrangian optimization algorithm

We consider the Accelerated Distributed Augmented Lagrangians (ADAL) algorithm, a distributed optimization algorithm that was recently developed by the authors to address problems that involve multiple agents optimizing a separable convex objective function subject to convex local constraints and linear coupling constraints. Optimization using augmented Lagrangians (AL) combines low computational complexity with fast convergence speeds due to the regularization terms included in the AL. However, decentralized methods that employ ALs are few, as decomposition of ALs is a particularly challenging task. ADAL is a primal-dual iterative scheme where at every iteration the agents locally optimize a novel separable approximation of the AL and then appropriately update their primal and dual variables, in a way that ensures convergence to their respective optimal sets. In this paper, we prove that ADAL has a worst-case O(1/k) convergence rate, where k denotes the number of iterations. The convergence rate is established in an ergodic sense, i.e., it refers to the ergodic average of the generated sequences of primal variables up to iteration k.
Representation Matters: The Effect of 3D Objects and a Spatial Metaphor in a Graphical User Interface

As computer graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are loaded with increasingly greater numbers of objects, researchers in HCI are forced to look for the next step in constructing user interface. In this paper, we examine the effects of employing more ‘natural’ representations in GUIs. In particular, we experimentally assess the impact of object form (2D iconic vs. 3D realistic) and layout (regular vs. ecological) have on target acquisition time. Results indicate that both form and layout significantly affect performance; subjects located targets more quickly when using interfaces with 3D objects and ecological layouts than they do with 2D objects and regular layouts. An interface with an ecological layout, realistic objects, or both may be an improvement over traditional interfaces.
ChalkBoard: mapping functions to polygons

ChalkBoard is a domain specific language for describing images. The ChalkBoard language is uncompromisingly functional and encourages the use of modern functional idioms. ChalkBoard uses off-the-shelf graphics cards to speed up rendering of functional descriptions. In this paper, we describe the design of the core ChalkBoard language, and the architecture of our static image generation accelerator.
Female breast cancer incidence and survival in Utah according to religious preference, 1985–1999

Background Female breast cancer incidence rates in Utah are among the lowest in the U.S. The influence of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saint (LDS or Mormon) religion on these rates, as well as on disease-specific survival, will be explored for individuals diagnosed with breast cancer in Utah from 1985 through 1999.
Proteases of Protozoan Parasites

Proteolytic enzymes seem to play important roles in the life cycles of all medically important protozoan parasites, including the organisms that cause malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, amebiasis, toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis and trichomoniasis. Proteases from all four major proteolytic classes are utilized by protozoans for diverse functions, including the invasion of host cells and tissues, the degradation of mediators of the immune response and the hydrolysis of host proteins for nutritional purposes. The biochemical and molecular characterization of protozoan proteases is providing tools to improve our understanding of the functions of these enzymes. In addition, studies in multiple systems suggest that inhibitors of protozoan proteases have potent antiparasitic effects. This review will discuss recent advances in the identification and characterization of protozoan proteases, in the determination of the function of these enzymes, and in the evaluation of protease inhibitors as potential antiprotozoan drugs.
Safe and Secure Networked Control Systems under Denial-of-Service Attacks

We consider the problem of security constrained optimal control for discrete-time, linear dynamical systems in which control and measurement packets are transmitted over a communication network. The packets may be jammed or compromised by a malicious adversary. For a class of denial-of-service (DoS) attack models, the goal is to find an (optimal) causal feedback controller that minimizes a given objective function subject to safety and power constraints. We present a semi-definite programming based solution for solving this problem. Our analysis also presents insights on the effect of attack models on solution of the optimal control problem.
Isolation of the outer membranes from Treponema pallidum and Treponema vincentii.

The outer membranes from Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum and Treponema vincentii were isolated by a novel method. Purified outer membranes from T. pallidum and T. vincentii following sucrose gradient centrifugation banded at 7 and 31% (wt/wt) sucrose, respectively. Freeze fracture electron microscopy of purified membrane vesicles from T. pallidum and T. vincentii revealed an extremely low density of protein particles; the particle density of T. pallidum was approximately six times less than that of T. vincentii. The great majority of T. vincentii lipopolysaccharide was found in the outer membrane preparation. The T. vincentii outer membrane also contained proteins of 55 and 65 kDa. 125I-penicillin V labeling demonstrated that t. pallidum penicillin-binding proteins were found exclusively with the protoplasmic cylinders and were not detectable with purified outer membrane material, indicating the absence of inner membrane contamination. Isolated T. pallidum outer membrane was devoid of the 19-kDa 4D protein and the normally abundant 47-kDa lipoprotein known to be associated with the cytoplasmic membrane; only trace amounts of the periplasmic endoflagella were detected. Proteins associated with the T. pallidum outer membrane were identified by one- and two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis using gold staining and immunoblotting. Small amounts of strongly antigenic 17- and 45-kDa proteins were detected and shown to correspond to previously identified lipoproteins which are found principally with the cytoplasmic membrane. Less antigenic proteins of 65, 31 (acidic pI), 31 (basic pI), and 28 kDa were identified. Compared with whole-organism preparations, the 65- and the more basic 31-kDa proteins were found to be highly enriched in the outer membrane preparation, indicating that they may represent the T. pallidum rare outer membrane proteins. Reconstitution of solubilized T. pallidum outer membrane into lipid bilayer membranes revealed porin activity with two estimated channel diameters of 0.35 and 0.68 nm based on the measured single-channel conductances in 1 M KCl of 0.40 and 0.76 nS, respectively. Images
The ‘Pinking’ of Viagra Culture: Drug Industry Efforts to Create and Repackage Sex Drugs for Women

This essay will describe how the success of Viagra stimulated drug companies to create a women's sexual condition comparable to erectile problems in men for which they could market new sex drugs to women. The heart of the article focuses on two interrelated aspects of Viagra culture playing out in drug industry efforts to create and expand a market for sex drugs for women: (1) the industry's ‘Hunt for the Pink Viagra’ to treat the ‘disease’ of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), and (2) the prescription and promotion of off-label uses of men's sex drugs to women. In order to contextualize these two trends, the article outlines key activities and actions that have enabled the drug industry to consolidate power and build capacity in this area, including: mass dissemination of estimates of disease prevalence; the institutionalization of FSD in academic circles, which includes strategic revision of disease definitions as well as the creation of a legitimized infrastructure for dissemination of supporting researc...
The use of electron tomography for structural analysis of disordered protein arrays.

Abstract A method based on Fourier transforms is described for obtaining a 3-D reconstruction from a paracrystalline object with static disorder. The method is derived from the standard methods used in 3-D reconstruction of 2-D crystals except that all of the Fourier coefficients are used and not just the sampled data from the periodic lattice. Thus, not only is the spatially ordered part of the structure visualized in 3-D, but also the spatially disordered part. Application of the method to 3-D reconstructions of insect flight muscle is described as well as prospects for extension of the method to radiation-sensitive specimens.
Cluster-impact fusion and effective deuteron temperature.

Temperature and kinematic line broadening are the primary contributions to the width of the proton energy spectrum measured in cluster-impact fusion experiments. By ascertaining these two contributions, we have determined an effective temperature for the high-velocity deuteron component that is responsible for the measured fusion yield. The extracted effective temperature is substantially higher than conventional estimates, and implies that cluster-impact fusion is hot fusion on an atomic scale. The proton spectrum rules out contaminants in explaining the high yield.
Spontaneous dorsal root potentials arise from interneuronal activity in the isolated frog spinal cord

Spontaneous dorsal root potentials (sDRPs) were recorded from the dorsal roots of the isolated frog spinal cord using sucrose gap techniques. sDRPs were always negative (depolarizing) in sign and ranged in size from about 100 microV to 6.0 mV. The largest sDRPs were 25-40% of the amplitude of DRPs evoked by stimulation of adjacent dorsal roots. Hypoxia or accumulation of extracellular K+ ions did not appear responsible for the generation of this spontaneous activity since exposing the cord to unoxygenated Ringer's solution decreased sDRPs and K+-sensitive microelectrodes indicated that only small changes in extracellular K+ (approximately 0.15 mM) were produced coincidently with the largest sDRPs. Chemically-mediated synaptic transmission was found to be necessary for the production of sDRPs because the addition of Mn2+ or Mg2+ ions or tetrodotoxin to the Ringer's solution or reduction of its Na+ concentration blocked sDRPs, whereas application of 4-aminopyridine enhanced them. It did not seem that a direct action of GABA on afferent fiber terminals was responsible for the generation of spontaneous potentials since an increase in sDRPs was seen after: application of the GABA antagonists, bicuculline and picrotoxin; exposure to the glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibitor, semicarbazide (which significantly reduced the concentration of GABA in the cord); and lowering of the external Cl- concentration. Similarly taurine is probably not significant since the taurine antagonist, TAG, increased the amount of spontaneous activity. On the other hand, (--)-baclofen, which is thought to reduce excitatory amino acid release, D,L-alpha-aminoadipic acid, alpha, epsilon-diaminopimelic acid, and 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid, which are believed to be selective postsynaptic excitatory amino acid antagonists, and [D-Pro2-D-Phe7-D-Trp9]-substance P, a postsynaptic blocker of the action of substance P, markedly and reversibly reduced sDRPs. Experiments were performed on isolated cords without supraspinal or afferent input; therefore sDRPs must be generated by intraspinal structures. It would seem that interneurons are responsible because addition of mephenesin or pentobarbital--compounds which inhibit polysynaptic reflex transmission involving interneurons--reduced the production of sDRPs. sDRPs may result from the action of excitatory transmitters such as L-glutamate, L-aspartate, or substance P released by interneuronal firing in the spinal cord. Moreover, because sDRPs were increased by application of yohimbine, corynanthine and propanolol and reduced by haloperidol, such interneurons may be under descending control of adrenergic and dopaminergic fibers.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Disperse Multiphase High-Speed Flows

A recently introduced Level-Set-based Cartesian Grid (LSCG) Characteristics-Based Matching (CBM) method is applied for direct numerical simulation of shock-induced dispersal of solid material. The method incorporates the latest advancements in the level set technology and characteristics-based numerical methods for solution of hyperbolic conservation laws and boundary treatment. The LSCG/CBM provides unique capabilities to simulate complex fluid-solid (particulate) multiphase flows under high-speed flow conditions and taking into account particle-particle elastic and viscoelastic collisions. The particular emphasis of the present study is placed on importance of appropriate modeling of particle-particle collisions, which are demonstrated to crucially influence the global behavior of high-speed multiphase particulate flows. The results of computations reveal the richness and complexity of flow structures in compressible disperse systems, due to dynamic formation of shocks and contact discontinuities, which provide an additional long-range interaction mechanism in dispersed high-speed multiphase flows.
Computationally Efficient Imprecise Uncertainty Propagation

Modeling uncertainty through probabilistic representation in engineering design is common and important to decision making that considers risk. However, representations of uncertainty often ignore elements of “imprecision” that may limit the robustness of decisions. Furthermore, current approaches that incorporate imprecision suffer from computational expense and relatively high solution error. This work presents a method that allows imprecision to be incorporated into design scenarios while providing computational efficiency and low solution error for uncertainty propagation. The work draws on an existing method for representing imprecision and integrates methods for sparse grid numerical integration, resulting in the computationally efficient imprecise uncertainty propagation (CEIUP) method. This paper presents details of the method and demonstrates the effectiveness on both numerical case studies, and a thermocouple performance problem found in the literature. Results for the numerical case studies, in most cases, demonstrate improvements in both computational efficiency and solution accuracy for varying problem dimension and variable interaction when compared to optimized parameter sampling (OPS). For the thermocouple problem, similar behavior is observed when compared to OPS. The paper concludes with an overview of design problem scenarios in which CEIUP is the preferred method and offers opportunities for extending the method.
A multidimensional framework for the meanings of the sexual double standard and its application for the sexual health of young black women in the U.S.

There has been debate in the literature as to whether a sexual double standard (SDS) currently exists in the United States. Studies vary greatly in how the SDS is operationalized, making it difficult to interpret findings across studies and translate academic literature into applied fields such as public health. To advance academic and applied research, we propose a multidimensional framework for the SDS that can accommodate complex and nuanced meanings, is flexible enough to allow for the dynamic nature of social ideologies, and is grounded in an understanding of social systems of inequality. In this article, we describe three dimensions that define the broad elements of the SDS: (a) polarized (hetero)sexualities, (b) active male and passive female roles, and (c) the power struggle narrative. To illustrate the use of the framework, we contextualize each dimension in terms of the intersection of race and gender for young Black women in the United States. And finally, to apply the framework, we explore the...
Quantum spherical spins with local symmetry.

We construct a quantum system of spherical spins with a continuous local symmetry. The model is exactly soluble in the thermodynamic limit and exhibits a number of interesting properties. We show that the local symmetry is spontaneously broken at finite as well as zero temperatures, implying the existence of classical and quantum phase transitions with a nontrivial critical behavior. The dynamical generation of gauge fields and the equivalence with the ${\text{CP}}^{(\mathcal{N}\ensuremath{-}1)}$ model in the limit $\mathcal{N}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ are investigated. The dynamical generation of gauge fields is a consequence of the restoration of the local symmetry.
Intergenerational Continuity of Child Abuse Among Adolescent Mothers: Authoritarian Parenting, Community Violence, and Race

Among the negative sequelae of child maltreatment is increased risk for continuity of maltreatment into subsequent generations. Despite acknowledgment in the literature that the pathways toward breaking the cycle of maltreatment are likely the result of dynamic interactions of risk and protective factors across multiple ecological levels, few studies have followed high-risk samples of maltreated and nonmaltreated parents over time to evaluate such processes. In the current investigation, exposure to community violence and authoritarian parenting attitudes were evaluated as predictors of the intergenerational continuity of abuse, and the moderating effect of African American race was examined. The sample included 70 mothers and their 18-year-old children, who have been followed longitudinally since the third trimester of the adolescent mothers' pregnancy. Results revealed that among mothers with a child abuse history, higher exposure to community violence and lower authoritarian parenting attitudes were associated with increased risk for intergenerational continuity of abuse. The relation of authoritarian parenting attitudes to intergenerational continuity was moderated by race; the protective effects of authoritarian parenting were limited to the African American families only. The salience of multiple ecological levels in interrupting the intergenerational continuity of child abuse is discussed, and implications for preventive programs are highlighted. Language: en
An integrated model of legal and moral reasoning and rule-violating behavior: the role of legal attitudes

Legal socialization theory predicts that attitudes mediate the relation between legal reasoning and rule-violating behavior [Cohn, E. S., & White, S. O. (1990). Legal Socialization: A Study of Norms and Rules. New York: Springer-Verlag]. Moral development theory predicts that moral reasoning predicts rule-violating behavior directly as well as indirectly [Blasi, A. (1980). Bridging moral cognition and moral action: A critical review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 1-45]. We present and test an integrated model of rule-violating behavior drawing on both theories in a longitudinal study of middle school and high school students. Students completed questionnaires three times during the course of 1 year at 6-month intervals. Legal and moral reasoning, legal attitudes, and rule-violating behavior were measured at times one, two, and three respectively. Structural equation models revealed that while moral and legal reasoning were directly and indirectly related to rule-violating behavior among high school students, legal reasoning bore no direct relation to rule-violating behavior among middle school students. The implications for an integrated model of reasoning and rule-violating behavior are discussed.
Adaptive methods for parameter identification in ground water hydrology

Abstract The paper considers the simultaneous identification of parameters and source term appearing in elliptic Partial Differential Equations from knowledge of the reference potential, which satisfies Dirichlet boundary conditions. Identifying the unknowns means complying with the equation error criterion. The adaptive method consists of transforming both the potential and the unknown parameters into time-dependent quantities, which evolve according to given laws. In the continuum case, the time decay property of a Lyapunov function is shown to hold. Next, the finite-dimensional (Galerkin) approximation of the evolution equations is considered and, given the existence of a solution, the pertaining convergence results are stated s. t., the time-dependent potential approaches the reference potential and the unknowns asymptotically comply with the time-independent equation. Then, the discrete identification problem is stated. The finite element method is used to obtain the discrete equation error criterion. A Eulerian numerical scheme for all discretized evolution equations is provided. The sequences of the corresponding solutions i. e., the potential and the unknowns, are shown to converge. The detailed proof is provided. Finally, the above method is applied to the identification of hydraulic conductivity, leakage parameter and source term of a two-layered aquifer in the Aachtal (Germany) area. The numerical results obtained from noiseless and noisy potential data are provided.
N2(C2H2)ASE ACTIVITY BY ALNUS INCANA SSP. RUGOSA (BETULACEAE) IN THE NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST

Field assays of N2 (C2 H2 )ase activity were performed with intact nodules from a pure alder site (alder) and a mixed alder-aspen site (aspen). Assays were performed between 12 June and 12 August 1980 and in May 1981. N2 (C2 H2 )ase rates are expressed as g N g nodule oven-dry wt-1 hr-1 (g N g-1 hr-1 ). Diurnal N2 (C2 H2 )ase activity showed an increase in both sites between 0600 and midday, then decreased to a low by 1800. Nighttime activity in the May 1981 assay was approximately 25% of the daytime peak. Mean (±SE) 1200 hr N2 (C2 H2 )ase activity (μg N g-1 hr-1 ) for all sizes in the alder stand rose from 24.56 ± 6.56 on 12 June to 73.96 ± 28.37 on 26 June and declined to 9.20 ± 2.56 by 12 August. In the aspen stand activity decreased from the 12 June rate of 21.81 ± 4.59 to 3.64 ± 1.87 on 24 July but then increased to 30.00 ± 7.39 by 12 August. Based on diurnal assays, the seasonal mean N influx (μg N g-1 hr-1 ) is statistically higher (P 0.05) in the alder stand with a value of 26.70 compared to 14.63 in the aspen stand. Small size class shrubs had significantly higher (P < 0.05) N2 (C2 H2 )ase activity (μg N g-1 hr-1 ) in diurnal assays than medium or large class shrubs. The estimated mean (±SE) N2 (C2 H2 )ase activity (mg N g-1 season-1 ) for all sizes was 44.4 ± 18.6 in the alder stand compared to 16.2 ± 5.2 in the aspen stand. Nodule excavations showed the g shrub-1 in the alder stand to be 16.48 ± 10.29, 38.57 ± 12.34 and 29.11 ± 7.15 for small, medium and large size shrubs and 12.73 ± 3.23, 28.21 ± 4.36 and 56.45 ± 16.23 for respective sizes in the aspen stand. Seasonal N influx was 4.69 kg ha-1 in the alder stand and 0.84 kg ha-1 in the aspen stand, representing 17.9% of the alder stand. Nitrogen feedback inhibition from uric acid-N influx and allelochemic interference from aspen are discussed as explanations for the differences in N influx in the two stands.
Models and creativity.

In order to determine whether exposure to a symbolic model could affect creative behavior, 130 male and female college students were randomly exposed to a prolific divergent thinking model, a prolific convergent thinking model, an inadequate convergent thinking model or no model on an unusual uses task. On identical, similar, and generalization tasks, Ss exposed to either convergent model tended to show more convergent responses and fewer divergent responses than those exposed to a divergent thinking model. On 4 of the 9 measures females had significantly higher scores than males, but there were no significant sex by treatment interactions.
Neonatal ovine adrenal cortical and medullary cell H+ responses to ACTH and prostaglandin E2

The microphysiometric technique was used to evaluate 1- and 3-day-old lamb adrenal gland H+ production in response to ACTH or PGE2. ACTH stimulated cortical, but not medullary H+ production
Unique properties of ceria nanoparticles supported on metals: novel inverse ceria/copper catalysts for CO oxidation and the water-gas shift reaction.

Oxides play a central role in important industrial processes, includingapplications such as the production of renewable energy, remediation of environmental pollutants, and the synthesis of fine chemicals. They were originally used as catalyst supports and were thought to be chemically inert, but now they are used to build catalysts tailored toward improved selectivity and activity in chemical reactions. Many studies have compared the morphological, electronic, and chemical properties of oxide materials with those of unoxidized metals. Researchers know much less about the properties of oxides at the nanoscale, which display distinct behavior from their bulk counterparts. More is known about metal nanoparticles.Inverse-model catalysts, composed of oxide nanoparticles supported on metal or oxide substrates instead of the reverse (oxides supporting metal nanoparticles), are excellent tools for systematically testing the properties of novel catalytic oxide materials. Inverse models are prepared in situ and ca...
Ion/Ion Proton Transfer Reactions for Protein Mixture Analysis

Ion/ion proton transfer reactions are shown to be an effective means to facilitate the resolution of ions in electrospray mass spectrometry that differ in mass and charge but are similar in mass-to-charge ratio. Examples are shown in which a minor contaminant protein in a ribonuclease B solution is clearly apparent after ion/ion proton transfer but not in the conventional electrospray mass spectrum. A further example involving a mixture of bovine serum albumin and bovine transferrin also showed the identification of a previously unnoticed “contaminant” polymer. The latter mixture also illustrated important issues in the use of the quadrupole ion trap as a reaction vessel and mass analyzer for high mass-to-charge ratio ions. The results suggest that the use of ion trap operating parameters specifically tailored for storage, ejection, detection, and mass-to-charge analysis of high mass-to-charge ratio ions can have attractive analytical figures of merit for determining mixtures of relatively high-mass prote...
Photophysical and photoconductive properties of organic semiconductor composites

We report on the effects of introducing guest molecules into a functionalized anthradithiophene (ADT) host on the photoluminescent (PL) and photoconductive properties of solution-deposited thin films. An addition of 0.1 wt % of an ADT derivative with cyano end groups (ADT-TIPS-CN) to a fluorinated ADT derivative (ADT-TES-F) resulted in the near complete quenching of the fluorescence spectrum of the ADT-TES-F host with an enhancement in the fluorescence spectrum of the ADT-TIPS-CN guest. A markedly longer PL lifetime was noted in films containing 10% ADT-TIPS-CN guest molecules compared to both pristine ADT-TES-F and ADT-TIPS-CN films. Stronger temperature dependence of the PL quantum yield was obtained in ADT-TIPSCN/ ADT-TES-F films at low ADT-TIPS-CN concentrations than in films of pristine material, with PL decreasing with increasing temperature. Significant changes in the photoexcited charge carrier dynamics were observed on nanosecond time-scales after 400 nm 100 fs pulsed photoexcitation upon adding ADT-TIPS-CN guest molecules to the ADT-TES-F host. In contrast, no considerable change in the photocurrent was detected under continuous wave 532 nm excitation for guest molecule concetrations up to 1% of ADT-TIPS-CN in ADT-TES-F.
Determination of linear response in the detection of mixtures of aroma compounds by atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry (API-MS)

The linearity of atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry (API-MS) response in mixtures of aroma compounds was determined for a 'homogeneous' system (four esters) and a 'heterogeneous' system (five compounds of different chemical functionality). All combinations analysed within each system followed a saturation pattern as concentration increased. Total linear responses were determined by the linear behaviour of individual compounds. Ionization patterns within each mixture were explained by proton affinity data (i.e. the species' ability to accept protons), molecular reaction rates (defined by molecular weight), and product ion distribution (according to fragmentation of the corresponding parent ion).
Histomorphologic assessment of serum thymic factor treatment of NZB/NZW mice.

Abstract Subcutaneous injections of synthetic serum thymic factor (1 ng/day, 5×/week, 92–138 doses) exerted a sparing effect in female NZB NZW mice against exacerbation of the renal changes and depletion of small lymphocytes in the T-cell-dependent areas of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes which occurred in placebo control mice. No preventive therapeutic effect was apparent in the synthetic serum thymic factor-treated mice when compared with the untreated control mice of similar age. With the onset and development of the renal lesions in the treated and untreated NZB NZW mice, plasma cells became increasingly prominent in the splenic and nodal T-cell-dependent areas. This was followed by plasma cell regression and finally by atrophy of the lymphoid organs including the thymus with the onset of renal glomerular sclerosis. In parallel experiments designed to clarify the role of the thymus in influencing autoimmune pathologic changes, neonatal thymectomy accelerated depletion of small lymphocytes and proliferation of plasma cells in the T-cell-dependent areas of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Neonatal thymectomy also increased severity of the renal lesions in males, but not in females. By contrast, no signs of the disease were apparent in 17-week-old male NZB NZW mice following adult thymectomy at 4 to 6 weeks of age. Also, by 37 weeks of age, the renal changes and distribution of lymphoid cells in the spleen or mesenteric lymph nodes of adult thymectomized males were not different than in sham-operated animals. However, the depletion of small lymphocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes from the older adult thymectomized animals was much greater than in the unoperated animals of similar age.
Methodological Issues In Web-based Research

Purpose: To examine methodological issues associated with using the Internet and World Wide Web for scientific research, namely, issues related to the nature of the sample, the testing environment and environmental factors, privacy, and confidentiality, and response rates. Methods: Reviews of literature and personal observation and experience. Findings: Web-based research provides many advantages such as access to specific, sometimes difficult-to-find populations, speed of data access, and decreased costs for data collection and data entry. Such benefits are likely to increase as more nurse scientists use the Web for research purposes. Conclusions: Nurse researchers who use this technology must consider the methodological problems associated with Web-based methods. The research potential exists, but the methodological issues discussed in this paper are real and, if not addressed, they can seriously affect the validity of study findings.
Prevalence of a gluten free diet and improvement of clinical symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Background Maintaining a gluten free diet (GFD) without an underlying diagnosis of celiac disease has enjoyed widespread acceptance in the USA.
A straw tracking system to study rare KL decays

Abstract Construction, readout, tests, and performance of planar drift chambers, based on 5-mm diameter copperized Mylar straws, used in experiment E871 at BNL is briefly described and discussed.
GOD'S IMAGE AND LIKENESS IN HUMANS AND OTHER ANIMALS: PERFORMATIVE SOUL‐MAKING AND GRACED NATURE

Although official Roman Catholic teaching affirms the concept of evolution as a convincing theory in order to explain the biological origin of different life forms, there is still a strong insistence on an “ontological gap” between human beings and all other creatures. This paper investigates how best to interpret that gap while still affirming human evolution. Drawing on medieval theologian Thomas Aquinas, I seek to uncover the influence of Aristotelian ideas on the rational soul. I will argue for the crucial importance of divine grace in consideration of divine image-bearing bearing so that while other animals share in the likeness of God, only humans, like angels, bear God's image. Such an approach does not provide any justification for the denigration of other creatures. Rather, the possibility of a further transformation of human nature, deification, and thus into the likeness of God depends on Christ as the one who bears the image of God perfectly, and the Spirit, who enables such a transformation in human subjects.
Clearance of foreign red cells from the blood of aging mice.

The blood clearance system, which is important in protection against infection, was studied in young, adult and senescent B6CF1 mice. We found that the blood clearance mechanism distinguishes between different degrees of foreignness, as shown by increasing blood clearance rates for 51Cr-labelled red cells from other mouse strains, rats, non-Murid mice, and pigeons. Our findings indicate that there is a decline in clearance rate between 14 and 150 days but no decline from maturity to senescence. These results were the same for isologous or heterologous cells and confirm the findings reported by other workers; but they refute generalizations to the effect that the clearance rate declines in aging animals.
Antiepileptic Potential of Cannabidiol Analogs

In audiogenic seizure (AGS) susceptible rats, the acute (intraperitoneal and intravenous) dose-response effects of (--)-cannabidiol (CBD) for preventing AGS and for causing rototod neurotoxicity (ROT) were determined. Also, the anti-AGS and ROT effects of 10 CBD analogs, given in intravenous doses equivalent to the AGS-ED50 (15 mg/kg) and ROT-ID50 (31 mg/kg) of CBD, were ascertained. Compared to CBD, (--)-CBD diacetate and (--)-4-(2'-olivetyl)-alpha-pinene were equally effective whereas (--)-CBD monomethyl ether, (--)-CBD dimethyl ether, (--)-3'-acetyl-CBD monoacetate, (+)-4-(2'-olivetyl)-alpha-pinene, (--)-and (+)-4-(6'-olivetyl)-alpha-pinene, (+/-)-AF-11, and olivetol were less effective anticonvulsants. Except for (--)- and (+)-4-(2'-olivetyl)-alpha-pinene and olivetol, all analogs showed less ROT than CBD. Also, CBD and all analogs were not active in tetrahydrocannabinol seizure-susceptible rabbits, the latter a putative model of cannabinoid psychoactivity in humans. These data suggest anticonvulsant requirements of 2 free phenolic hydroxyl groups, exact positioning of the terpinoid moiety in the resorcinol system and correct stereochemistry. Moreover, findings of separation of anticonvulsant from neurotoxic and psychoactive activities, notably with CBD diacetate, suggest that additional structural modifications of CBD may yield novel antiepileptic drugs.
Influence of fibroblastic collagen and mucopolysaccharides on Hela cell colonial morphology

Abstract Human fibroblasts in vitro (a) synthesize collagen and acid mucopolysaccharides and (b) when grown together with HeLa cells, induce a change in the colonial morphology of the latter. This study demonstrates that the induction of colonial changes by the fibroblasts is not necessarily causally related to the production of collagen and acid mucopolysaccharides.
The synthesis and stereochemistry of desacetoxymatricarin and the stereochemistry of matricarin

Abstract Desacetoxymatricarin (IV), a sesquiterpene lactone found in the genus Artemisia and in the form of 8-hydroxy and acetoxy derivatives in the genus Achillea, has been synthesized from α-santonin by a sequence that allows assignment of the full stereochemistry. The stereochemistry of matricarin (V) has also been determined. The unusual stability to dehydration of some of the cyclopentyl-type alcohols, which were intermediates in the synthesis, is discussed.
Coping scale for children and youth : scale development and validation

Abstract A new self-report measure of children's coping is described. Scale development began with a compilation of 44 coping behaviors culled from previous research. These items were administered in small-group format to 498 children in sixth and eighth grades. Subjects were asked to rate how often they used each coping behavior in their efforts to deal with a self-identified stressor. Factor analysis of the data produced four discrete coping categories: assistance seeking, cognitive-behavioral problem solving, cognitive avoidance, and behavioral avoidance. The factor pattern was the same across grade and sex of subject. Test-retest reliability and internal reliability for the four subscales were moderate to high. Data on grade and sex differences in coping are presented, as are data on the construct validity of the scale. Implications of the development studies and an assessment of the attributes of the new scale are discussed.
Morphological instabilities and ion beam mixing in Ge

Abstract In light of the recent discovery [11,12] that heavy ion irradiation initiates a morphological instability in the amorphous phase of Ge which erupts to form surface craters, previous studies of ion beam mixing in the metal/Ge system [2,4] are re-examined. Correlated ion scattering/channeling and cross-section electron microscopy are utilized to study the Au/Ge and Al/Ge systems under a variety of mixing conditions. Implications for both the crater formation and ion beam mixing mechanisms are discussed.
The relationship between personal authority in the family system and discovery of meaning in life

This study investigated the relationship between intergenerational family relationships and Frankl's concept of meaning in life. Intergenerational family relationships were measured by the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire (PAFS-QE) by Bray, Williamson, and Malone. The meaning in life variables were measured by the Life Attitude Profile-Revised (LAP-R) by Reker. This quantitative study, using the BMDP Statistical Package (Dixon, 1990), correlated the scores on various subscales from both instruments, resulting in seven statistically significant relationships. The findings, although modest, suggest the existence of a relationship between these two theoretical areas.
Original paper: Lettuce calcium deficiency detection with machine vision computed plant features in controlled environments

Conventional greenhouse environmental conditions are determined by observation. However, destructive or invasive contact measurements are not practical for real-time monitoring and control applications. At the canopy scale, machine vision has the potential to identify emerging stresses and guide sampling for identification of the stressor. A machine vision-guided plant sensing and monitoring system was used to detect calcium deficiency in lettuce crops grown in greenhouse conditions using temporal, color and morphological changes of the plant. The machine vision system consisted of two main components: a robotic camera positioning system and an image processing module. The machine vision system extracted plant features to determine overall plant growth and health status, including top projected canopy area (TPCA) as a morphological feature; red-green-blue (RGB) and hue-saturation-luminance (HSL) values as color features; and entropy, energy, contrast, and homogeneity as textural features. The machine vision-guided system was capable of extracting plant morphological, textural and temporal features autonomously. The methodology developed was capable of identifying calcium-deficient lettuce plants 1 day prior to visual stress detection by human vision. Of the extracted plant features, TPCA, energy, entropy, and homogeneity were the most promising markers for timely detection of calcium deficiency in the lettuce crop studied.
Methane and carbon dioxide increases in the urban boundary layer: Inferences from whole-column infrared absorbance measurements

Using the sun as an infrared source, we determined the total atmospheric column absorbance of methane and carbon dioxide spectral lines in the 8- to 10-µm infrared region. At our laboratory located in an urban region, these absorbances showed fluctuations larger than can be accounted for by known variabilities in the background atmosphere. We interpret these observations in terms of large changes in concentration of methane and carbon dioxide within the urban boundary layer. These increases could affect the radiative balance in urban locations and contribute to the urban heat island.
Variations and climatology of ClO in the polar lower stratosphere from UARS Microwave Limb Sounder measurements

The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) measured the global distribution of stratospheric ClO over annual cycles for much of the 1990s, albeit with reduced sampling frequency in the latter half of the decade. Here we present an overview of the interannual and interhemispheric variations in the distribution of ClO derived from UARS MLS measurements, with a particular emphasis on enhancements in the winter polar lower stratosphere.