cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Listening Concepts in the Healthcare Context: Differences Among Nurses, Physicians, and Administrators

This study explores the perceived conceptualizations of listening in a healthcare context. The review of literature focusing on communication and listening in healthcare supports the belief that listening is an essential element in patient satisfaction. This study sought to determine which activities physicians, nurses and healthcare administrators perceive as similar or identical to listening. A survey of 203 health care professionals, using a web-based version of the Imhof-Janusik Listening Concepts Inventory (Imhof and Janusik, 2006) was completed. The results suggest the listening conceptualizations vary among physicians, nurses, and administrators with administrators exhibiting the most flexibility in their conceptualization of listening. It is concluded that these conceptualizations may play a critical role in the behaviors displayed by nurses, physicians and hospital administrators.
Studies on the action of nystatin on cultured rat myocardial cells and cell membranes, isolated rat hearts, and intact rats

Abstract The action of nystatin, a polyene antibiotic, was studied in rat myocardial cells, isolated rat hearts, and intact rats. Myocardial cells responded to 10 and 25 μg nystatin/ml with arrhythmias that could be minimized by elevated concentrations of K + and Mg 2+ or reversed by washing the cells. Similarly, the isolated heart responded to 100 μg nystatin/ml with arrhythmias that could be tempered by addition of elevated concentrations of K + and Mg 2+ . The i.v. injection of the drug caused heart failure in intact animals at the 4-mg/kg dose level. At the subcellular level, nystatin made the myocardial cell membranes more rigid, as measured by electron spin resonance spectrometry. These findings indicate a parallel between physiocochemical changes caused by nystatin in the myocardial cell membrane and the biological changes caused by this drug in myocardial cells, isolated heart, and heart of the intact animal.
Synthesis of oxorhenium(V) complexes with diamido amine ancillary ligands and their role in oxygen atom transfer catalysis.

The detailed syntheses of complexes of the form [Re(O)(X)(RNCH2CH2)2N(Me)] (X = Me, Cl, I, R = mesityl, C6F5), 1−3, incorporating diamidoamine ancillary ligands are described. X-ray crystal structures for the complexes [Re(O)(Me)((C6F5)NCH2CH2)2N(Me)], 1a, [Re(O)(I)((C6F5)N CH2CH2)2N(Me)], 3a, and [Re(O)(I)((Mes)NCH2)2N(Me)], 3b, are reported. The geometry about the metal center in 1a is best described as a severely distorted square pyramid with the oxo ligand in the apical position. In contrast, the geometry about the metal center in 3a is best described as a severely distorted trigonal bipyramid, with the iodo ligand occupying the apical position and the diamido nitrogens and the oxo ligand occupying the equatorial plane. The catalytic activities of these complexes for oxygen atom transfer, OAT, from pyridine-N-oxides, PyO, to PPh3 were also examined. The reactions exhibited a clear dependence on the diamido ligand substituent and the X ligand (Me, I, Cl) attached to the metal, with the combined effect ...
Geological framework of the south polar region of Mars.

Abstract The first 4 months of Mariner 9 photography of the south polar region are discussed. Three major geological units have been recognized, separated by erosional unconformities. From oldest to youngest they are: cratered terrain, pitted plains, and laminated terrain. The latter unit is unique in occurrence to the polar region, volatiles are probably involved in its origin, and may still be present within the laminated terrain as layered ice. The residual south polar cap has been observed to survive the disappearance of the thin annual CO2 frost deposit and to last virtually unchanged in outline through the southern summer. That exposed deposit is inferred to be composed of water-ice. The residual cap appears to lie at the apex of an unusual quasi-circular structure composed of laminated terrain; a similar structure also appears to exist near the north pole.
PROCHIRAL SULFIDE PROBES FOR THE ACTIVE-SITE TOPOGRAPHY OF RABBIT FLAVIN-CONTAINING MONOOXYGENASE 2 (FMO2)

Abstract Mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenases are known to oxygenate prochiral sulfides often with a high degree of stereoselectivity. In the present study we used two homologous series of n -alkyl aryl sulfides, ArS(CH 2 ) n H, (where Ar=p-tolyl or 2-naphthyl and n=1–7), to probe the active site topography of rabbit lung FMO2. Purified FMO2 was incubated with each member of the the p-tolyl or 2-naphthyl series and the stereochemistry of NADPH-dependent enzymatic sulfoxidation was determined. Within the p-tolyl series each member was a substrate for FMO2 and a complete reversal of stereospecificity was observed as the n -alkyl chain length increased from the methyl homolog [99% ( R )] to the heptyl derivative [97% ( S )]. In contrast, FMO2 generated metabolites from only the short-chain 2-naphthyl sulfides and in each case only the ( R )-sulfoxides were formed. The data are discussed in terms of an active-site model for FMO2 which contains two binding determinants.
Path vector face routing: geographic routing with local face information

Existing geographic routing algorithms depend on the planarization of the network connectivity graph for correctness, and the planarization process gives rise to a well-defined notion of "faces". In this paper, we demonstrate that we can improve routing performance by storing a small amount of local face information at each node. We present a protocol, path vector exchange (PVEX), that maintains local face information at each node efficiently, and a new geographic routing algorithm, greedy path vector face routing (GPVFR), that achieves better routing performance in terms of both path stretch and hop stretch than existing geographic routing algorithms by exploiting available local face information. Our simulations demonstrate that GPVFR/PVEX achieves significantly reduced path and hop stretch than greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) and somewhat better performance than greedy other adaptive face routing (GOAFR+) over a wide range of network topologies. The cost of this improved performance is a small amount of additional storage, and the bandwidth required for our algorithm is comparable to GPSR and GOAFR+ in quasi-static networks.
Where is the data? Why you cannot debate CPU vs. GPU performance without the answer

General purpose GPU Computing (GPGPU) has taken off in the past few years, with great promises for increased desktop processing power due to the large number of fast computing cores on high-end graphics cards. Many publications have demonstrated phenomenal performance and have reported speedups as much as 1000× over code running on multi-core CPUs. Other studies have claimed that well-tuned CPU code reduces the performance gap significantly. We demonstrate that this important discussion is missing a key aspect, specifically the question of where in the system data resides, and the overhead to move the data to where it will be used, and back again if necessary. We have benchmarked a broad set of GPU kernels on a number of platforms with different GPUs and our results show that when memory transfer times are included, it can easily take between 2 to 50× longer to run a kernel than the GPU processing time alone. Therefore, it is necessary to either include memory transfer overhead when reporting GPU performance, or to explain why this is not relevant for the application in question. We suggest a taxonomy for future CPU/GPU comparisons, and we argue that this is not only germane for reporting performance, but is important to heterogeneous scheduling research in general.
"How Old Are You?"-The Question of Age Bias in the Counseling of Adults

Attention is called to the probability that counselors and psychotherapists share the age stereotypes of other Americans. These definitions of appropriate behavior vary somewhat by age and sex of people under consideration and perhaps by age, sex, and other characteristics of those who are stereotyping. Three kinds of age bias are noted: age restrictiveness, age distortion, and negative attitudes associated with particular ages.
New Science for Chemicals Policy

(next quarter-century, global chemical production is projected to double, rapidly outpacing the rate of population growth 2). These ultimately enter Earth s environment; hundreds of chemicals are detected in people and ecosystems worldwide ( 3, 4). Long-standing public policies governing chemical design, production, in light of new science on the health and ronmental effects of anthropogenic chemicals. Such to safeguard ecosystem integrity, human health, and economic sustainability.
Micropatterned Photodegradable Hydrogels for the Sorting of Microbeads and Cells

Microarrays of biomolecules and cells have played important roles in genomics, diagnostics, and drug screening.[1] Live-cell capture on micropatterned surfaces is particularly valuable for diagnostic or biosensing applications,[2] as cell arrays are amenable to rapid characterization and sorting. For example, antibody-coated micropost arrays have been used to detect and isolate rare circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood with high fidelity.[3] Microwell arrays have been used for the capture and analysis of single immune cells.[4] While it is often important to release or sort subsets of cells from these arrays for more thorough downstream analysis (e.g. by PCR or Western blot), methods for the retrieval of specific cells from micropatterned surfaces remain limited. Electrochemical stimulation can be exploited to release cells from particular regions within micropatterns,[5] but these approaches require that cell arrays be registered with electrodes, and they can become somewhat complicated for larger arrays. Arguably, light-activated cell-release strategies provide more flexibility, particularly for retrieval from highly dense arrays. Laser capture microdissection or laser catapulting can be used to remove specific cells from micropatterned surfaces,[4a, 6] but the former approach works with fixed cells while the latter involves harsh conditions, often resulting in cell injury. Another example of light-activated cell sorting is the micropallet array developed by Albritton et al., in which cells are cultured on polymer microstructures (e.g. photoresist patterns) that can later be dislodged from the surface by laser pulses.[7]
Remote sensing applications to hydrology: future impact

Abstract The case is made that the hydrological sciences are data limited and that future progress in understanding hydrological processes is hampered by the lack of adequate data. The future applications of remote sensing to hydrology should provide new types of data that enable hydrologists to address the previously unsolved questions.
The association of perceived partner-related social support with self-reported outcomes in women post-mastectomy

Marital satisfaction is an important indicator of adaptation in patients with cancer; however, its relationship to medium-to-long-term health-related outcomes is less well understood. Married women (N = 152) at least six months post-mastectomy were surveyed to determine whether marital satisfaction predicted non-weight-related body image distress (BID), pain impact, and mood, or whether the directionality of this association operated in reverse. Structural equation modeling indicated that the model predicting medium-to-long-term health-related outcomes from satisfaction better fit the data and that time influences mood.
The Empirical Case for Specific Performance: Evidence from the Tyson-IBP Litigation

While contract scholars debate the relative merits of specific performance and damages, few studies assess remedies from an empirical perspective. To gain a sense of how market participants view specific performance, this article examines the stock market response to an unusual specific performance award granted to IBP Inc. in Material Adverse Change ("MAC") clause litigation against Tyson, Inc. The combined value of Tyson and IBP rose after specific performance was granted, implying that specific performance created value. This result contrasts with other papers indirectly showing large decreases in combined market value after damage remedies are awarded. These results suggest that, from a post-breach perspective, the common law's preference for damages may be misplaced. The article identifies a number of settings, such as MAC clause controversies, wherein the use of specific performance rather than damages should be encouraged.
Bayesian analysis of signaling networks governing embryonic stem cell fate decisions

Motivation: Signaling events that direct mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal and differentiation are complex and accordingly difficult to understand in an integrated manner. We address this problem by adapting a Bayesian network learning algorithm to model proteomic signaling data for ES cell fate responses to external cues. Using this model we were able to characterize the signaling pathway influences as quantitative, logic-circuit type interactions. Our experimental dataset includes measurements for 28 signaling protein phosphorylation states across 16 different factorial combinations of cytokine and matrix stimuli as reported previously. Results: The Bayesian network modeling approach allows us to uncover previously reported signaling activities related to mouse ES cell self-renewal, such as the roles of LIF and STAT3 in maintaining undifferentiated ES cell populations. Furthermore, the network predicts novel influences such as between ERK phosphorylation and differentiation, or RAF phosphorylation and differentiated cell proliferation. Visualization of the influences detected by the Bayesian network provides intuition about the underlying physiology of the signaling pathways. We demonstrate that the Bayesian networks can capture the linear, nonlinear and multistate logic interactions that connect extracellular cues, intracellular signals and consequent cell functional responses. Availability: Datasets and software are available online from http://sysbio.engin.umich.edu/~pwoolf/mouseES/ Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information: http://sysbio.engin.umich.edu/~pwoolf/mouseES/
USING X-CALCULUS TO REPRESENT MEANINGS IN LOGIC GRAMMARS

This paper describes how meanings are represented in a semantic grammar for a fragment of English in the logic programming language Prolog. The conventions of Definite Clause Grammars are used. Previous work on DCGs with a semantic component has used essentially first-order formulas for representing meanings. The system described here uses formulas of the typed λ-calculus. The first section discusses general issues concerning the use of first-order logic or the λ-calculus to represent meanings. The second section describes how λ-calculus meaning representations can be constructed and manipulated directly in Prolog. This 'programmed' representation motivates a suggestion, discussed in the third section, for an extension to Prolog so that the language itself would include a mechanism for handling the λ-formulas directly.
Automatic Construction of N-ary Tree Based Taxonomies

Hierarchies are an intuitive and effective organization paradigm for data. Of late there has been considerable research on automatically learning hierarchical organizations of data. In this paper, we explore the problem of learning n-ary tree based hierarchies of categories with no user-defined parameters. We propose a framework that characterizes a "good" taxonomy and also provide an algorithm to find it. This algorithm works completely automatically (with no user input) and is significantly less greedy than existing algorithms in literature. We evaluate our approach on multiple real life datasets from diverse domains, such as text mining, hyper-spectral analysis, written character recognition etc. Our experimental results show that not only are n-ary trees based taxonomies more "natural", but also the output space decompositions induced by these taxonomies for many datasets yield better classification accuracies as opposed to classification on binary tree based taxonomies
Emerging regenerative approaches for periodontal reconstruction: a systematic review from the AAP Regeneration Workshop.

More than 30 years have passed since the first successful application of regenerative therapy for treatment of periodontal diseases. Despite being feasible, periodontal regeneration still faces numerous challenges, and complete restoration of structure and function of the diseased periodontium is often considered an unpredictable task. This review highlights developing basic science and technologies for potential application to achieve reconstruction of the periodontium. A comprehensive search of the electronic bibliographic database PubMed was conducted to identify different emerging therapeutic approaches reported to influence either biologic pathways and/or tissues involved in periodontal regeneration. Each citation was assessed based on its abstract, and the full text of potentially eligible reports was retrieved. Based on the review of the full papers, their suitability for inclusion in this report was determined. In principle, only reports from scientifically well-designed studies that presented preclinical in vivo (animal studies) or clinical (human studies) evidence for successful periodontal regeneration were included. Hence, in vitro studies, namely those conducted in laboratories without any live animals, were excluded. In case of especially recent and relevant reviews with a narrow focus on specific regenerative approaches, they were identified as such, and thereby the option of referring to them to summarize the status of a specific approach, in addition to or instead of listing each separately, was preserved. Admittedly, the presence of subjectivity in the selection of studies to include in this overview cannot be excluded. However, it is believed that the contemporary approaches described in this review collectively represent the current efforts that have reported preclinical or clinical methods to successfully enhance regeneration of the periodontium. Today’s challenges facing periodontal regenerative therapy continue to stimulate important research and clinical development, which, in turn, shapes the current concept of periodontal tissue engineering. Emerging technologies—such as stem cell therapy, bone anabolic agents, genetic approaches, and nanomaterials—also offer unique opportunities to enhance the predictability of current regenerative surgical approaches and inspire development of novel treatment strategies. J Periodontol 2015;86(Suppl.):S134-S152.
The behavioral treatment of trichotillomania

A cognitive-behavioral treatment package aimed at alleviating trichotillomania, or hair-pulling, is presented. It consists of habit reversal and stimulus control to control hair-pulling, and relaxation, cognitive techniques, and role-play to manage the stress that often exacerbates pulling. Relapse prevention is addressed. This program has been applied successfully with several clients.
Frugal fat or munificent muscle: genomic imprinting and metabolism

Variation in body composition is a popular obsession. The culturally ‘ideal’ body type is light on fat and heavy on muscle but the human population is collectively laying on fat. A new study finds antagonistic effects of two imprinted genes, Grb10 and Dlk1, on body composition in mice. These findings pose the question whether there is an evolutionary conflict between genes of maternal and paternal origin over the optimal proportions of body fat and lean muscle mass.
Membrane frequencies for spherical shell vibrations.

In this paper the membrane solutions for nonsymmetric vibration of a spherical dome are studied. The solutions are written in a convenient form, and it is shown how these reduce to the familiar membrane and inextensional solutions in the static limit. This information enables one to perceive several difficulties in finding inextensional frequencies by numerical means and to suggest ways around these difficulties. Also, membrane frequencies are found for circumferential wave numbers up through eight by direct calculations and compared with several different approximations. One type of approximation , due to Jeffreys and Jeffreys, gives quite good results. It is seen that earlier work agrees well with these results except for a few frequencies that are not found at all in the present calculations.
A three-frequency scatterometer technique for the measurement of ocean wave spectra

A microwave technique for the measurement of ocean wave spectra has been compared with wave gauge output during extensive field testing. The method is based on the dual-frequency technique for detecting long ocean waves by matching the modulation of short waves with the beat wavelength between two transmitted microwave frequencies. The new method, however, utilizes three microwave frequencies in order to reduce mean backscatter not related to short-wave modulation. Two prototype scatterometers have been built using three frequencies at L-band and at K/sub u/-band. Wave spectra have been measured by both radar systems which, when properly normalized, agree well with simultaneous in situ measurements taken by conventional wave gauges at the pier site. Thirteen sets of spectra have been computed, five of which correspond to a situation in which a local wind sea was generated and then decayed. The present experiment does not demonstrate the directionality of this new technique. >
Effect of a Sustained Reduction in Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentration on Intramuscular Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoAs and Insulin Action in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

To investigate the effect of a sustained (7-day) decrease in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations on insulin action and intramyocellular long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (LCFA-CoAs), we studied the effect of acipimox, a potent inhibitor of lipolysis, in seven type 2 diabetic patients (age 53 +/- 3 years, BMI 30.2 +/- 2.0 kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose 8.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/l, HbA 1c 7.5 +/- 0.4%). Subjects received an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 120-min euglycemic insulin (80 mU/m2 per min) clamp with 3-[3H]glucose/vastus lateralis muscle biopsies to quantitate rates of insulin-mediated whole-body glucose disposal (Rd) and intramyocellular LCFA-CoAs before and after acipimox (250 mg every 6 h for 7 days). Acipimox significantly reduced fasting plasma FFAs (from 563 +/- 74 to 230 +/- 33 micromol/l; P 0.05). Basal EGP did not change after acipimox (1.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Total muscle LCFA-CoA content decreased after acipimox treatment (from 7.26 +/- 0.58 to 5.64 +/- 0.79 nmol/g; P < 0.05). Decreases were also seen in muscle palmityl CoA (16:0; from 1.06 +/- 0.10 to 0.75 +/- 0.11 nmol/g; P < 0.05), palmitoleate CoA (16:1; from 0.48 +/- 0.05 to 0.33 +/- 0.05 nmol/g; P = 0.07), oleate CoA (18:1; from 2.60 +/- 0.11 to 1.95 +/- 0.31 nmol/g; P < 0.05), linoleate CoA (18:2; from 1.81 +/- 0.26 to 1.38 +/- 0.18 nmol/g; P = 0.13), and linolenate CoA (18:3; from 0.27 +/- 0.03 to 0.19 +/- 0.02 nmol/g; P < 0.03) levels after acipimox treatment. Muscle stearate CoA (18:0) did not decrease after acipimox treatment. The increase in R(d) correlated strongly with the decrease in muscle palmityl CoA (r = 0.75, P < 0.05), oleate CoA (r = 0.76, P < 0.05), and total muscle LCFA-CoA (r = 0.74, P < 0.05) levels. Plasma adiponectin did not change significantly after acipimox treatment (7.9 +/- 1.8 vs. 7.5 +/- 1.5 microg/ml). These data demonstrate that the reduction in intramuscular LCFA-CoA content is closely associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity in muscle after a chronic reduction in plasma FFA concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients despite the lack of an effect on plasma adiponectin concentration.
Time-dependent clustering model versus combination-based approach for BEOL/MOL and FEOL non-uniform dielectric breakdown: Similarities and disparities

Similarities and disparities between time-dependent clustering model and combination-based approach are thoroughly investigated. It is shown that two approaches can provide similar description of non-uniform dielectric breakdown provided that a dielectric system can be rigorously characterized by two random variables and input parameters verified from independent experiments as in the case of FEOL gate dielectrics. On the other hand, the notion of a single thickness for complicated dielectric systems with multiple random variables as in BEOL and MOL applications is shown to be questionable. As a result, a two-random variable combination-based approach is not necessarily correct to model non-uniform dielectric breakdown without rigorous justification. In contrast, time-dependent clustering model is based on the fundamental preservation of area scaling properties of failure percentiles and failure times, rendering a fundamentally new methodology to characterize non-uniform dielectric breakdown as technology variability issues continue to rise for modern technology nodes.
Obesity and health risk of children in the Mississippi Delta.

BACKGROUND: Mississippi (MS) Delta adults and youth report obesity rates far exceeding those of the state and nation. State law requires in-school physical activity and nutrition practices to address childhood obesity but does not require evaluation of outcomes, specifically the impact on weight-related outcomes. This paper offers 3 things: (1) describes the weight status of elementary school-age children in the MS Delta; (2) explains the importance of including waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) values when reporting body mass index (BMI); and (3) provides impetus for policy that requires weight-related health risk, as measured by WHtR, to be assessed regularly as a means to evaluate school health policy. METHODS: We took anthropometric measures in a cross-sectional investigation of 1136 children from 11 public elementary schools in the MS Delta. Measures included BMI, waist circumference (WC) and WHtR. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥85th percentile) was 47.1% (18.3% overweight and 28.8% obese). In this sample, 59.9% and 42.0% were ‘‘at risk’’ for weight-related chronic disease based on WC (≥75th percentile) and WHtR (>0.5), respectively. The differences in these proportions were statistically significant. The predominantly black districts reported higher on all of the weight-related measures.
Decomposition Analysis of Competitive Symmetry and Size Structure Dynamics

Abstract An analysis is introduced, based on the decomposition of relative growth rates, to examine the mode of competition (i.e. whether competition is symmetric or asymmetric), the size-dependence of growth, and their interdependence. In particular, the basis for two commonly held views is examined: (1) that the type of resource limitation determines the mode of competition, and (2) that asymmetric competition always leads to size-divergence between unequal competitors. It is shown that in field-grown millet plants, competition for light was symmetric at low density and asymmetric at high density. However, size variation at low density decreased during growth, because small plants had greater relative growth rates than larger plants. Size variation stayed constant at high density, since plants of all sizes had equal average relative growth rates. Based on these results and a general discussion, it is proposed that the type of resource limitation does not determine the mode of competition. Competition for light can be symmetric, and foraging for heterogeneously distributed soil resources can produce asymmetric competition below-ground. Furthermore, the mode of competition alone does not determine size structure dynamics. Size-dependence of resource conversion efficiency and allocation can modify the effects of resource uptake on growth.
The effect of trephination on corneal topography.

Background and objective A prospective study was performed to assess the effect of trephination on corneal curvature. Materials and methods Thirty-seven fresh porcine globes with intact corneal epithelium were used. Radius of curvature, central dioptric power, and powers and axes of the steepest and flattest meridians were obtained using a vertically mounted computerized videokeratography unit. Following 8-mm vacuum trephination of the central donor corneas, the said parameters were reassessed on the resultant buttons. No globes with epithelial defects were included in the study. Results The mean corneal radius of curvature (mm) increased from 8.68 +/- 0.79 to 10.46 +/- 3.24 (P = .005), the central dioptric power (D) decreased from 39.36 +/- 3.84 to 36.31 +/- 10.15 (P = .08), and the total corneal asphericity (D) increased from 5.03 +/- 2.99 to 7.47 +/- 3.42 (P = .0001). No significant changes in the axes of the steepest and the flattest meridians were noted following trephination. Conclusion Trephination leads to significant corneal flattening and increased asphericity. Corneal topography can be used successfully as a research tool for whole globes and trephined buttons.
Application of Distilled White Vinegar in the Cloaca To Counter the Increase in Campylobacter Numbers on Broiler Skin during Feather Removal

Because of the escape of highly contaminated gut contents from the cloaca of positive carcasses, Campylobacter numbers recovered from broiler carcass skin samples increase during automated feather removal. Vinegar is known to have antimicrobial action. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vinegar placed in the cloaca prior to feather removal on the numbers of Campylobacter recovered from broiler breast skin. Broilers were stunned, killed, and bled in a pilot processing plant. Vinegar was placed in the colons of the chickens prior to scalding. Carcasses were scalded, and Campylobacter numbers were determined on breast skin before and after passage through a commercial-style feather-picking machine. Campylobacter numbers recovered from the breast skin of untreated control carcasses increased during feather removal from 1.3 log CFU per sample prior to defeathering to 4.2 log afterward. Placement of water in the colon before scalding had no effect on Campylobacter numbers. Campylobacter ...
Synchronous MachinesߞIV

The special case of cylindrical rotor machines has been treated previously by Boucherot and others. The present paper solves the general case, including salient pole machines. The cylindrical rotor type thus becomes merely a limiting case. The principal assumption which distinguishes the present theory from the extensively studied cylindrical rotor theory is that the total armature self-inductance is here taken as variable with respect to rotor position, whereas the previous theory of short circuits, as represented by Boucherot, for instance, assumes this inductance to be constantߞin other words, that the air-gap is uniform. The four basic concepts underlying the improvement in theory, both as applied here and in the authors' previous work on Synchronous Machines, are: 1. Characterization of the machine by four reactance coefficients, two corresponding to the main pole axis, i. e., direct axis, and two to the interpolar axis, i. e., quadrature axis. These are: x D , x D ', x Q , x Q '. (See notation.) Thus the theory has been referred to, more or less aptly, as the "Four-Constant Theory." 2. Resolution of flux and m. m. f. waves traveling with respect to the rotor into stationary, pulsating components in line with the direct and quadrature axes. The theory involves also, of course, the usual Blondel resolution of the stationary fundamental waves. 3. That the variable component of armature inductance varies between the direct axis value and the quadrature axis value as a second harmonic function of the electrical space angle.
Protective action of dibenamine after hemorrhage and after muscle trauma.

SummaryA hemorrhage of 30 cc/kg proved fatal in 93% of the cases. Pretreatment with Dibenamine reduced this mortality to 10%. Pulse rate and blood flow per second were consistently greater in the second series. Administration of 80 blows/kg to each hind leg with a light mallet produced fatal shock in 100% of the cases. Pretreatment with Dibenamine reduced the mortality to 11%. Control animals showed vasoconstriction, treated animals vasodilation.
BREAKAGE OF CONCRETE ARMOR UNITS

A survey of existing Corps breakwaters with concrete armor units and hydraulic model tests of rubble-mound breakwater trunk sections protected with dolosse were conducted to determine the effects of broken armor units on breakwater stability and to establish some criteria by which decisions can be made as to when maintenance and rehabilitation work should be initiated on damaged concrete armor unit cover layers. The survey revealed that where good engineering designs were used, prototype breakage has been random and has not exceeded about 3 percent of the total number of units placed. The model tests, conducted with both breaking and nonbreaking waves with no overtopping, revealed the percent breakage can be quite a bit higher than 3 percent before the overall functional integrity of dolos cover layers is affected.
Abstract 276: Microtentacle stabilization during TGFβ-induced EMT as a new therapeutic target to reduce circulating tumor cell metastasis.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been identified as a predictive factor of patient outcome and disease progression in breast cancer. Solid tumor metastasis involves detachment of epithelial cells into the lymphatics or vasculature, and the subsequent reattachment in distant tissues to establish new tumors at metastatic sites. Our lab has identified tubulin-based protrusions, termed microtentacles (McTNs), which facilitate tumor cell re-attachment and can penetrate endothelial layers to promote the retention of CTCs in distant tissues. In the current study, we examine the role of the physiological cytokine, TGFβ, in the cytoskeletal changes that promote McTN formation. McTNs are induced during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that accompanies tumor progression, and previous studies have shown that TGFβ can promote an EMT in a pathologic setting, despite its normal role as an anti-proliferative factor. When we treated MCF10A nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells and MCF-7 breast tumor cells with TGFβ, immunoblotting demonstrated changes in protein expression consistent with an EMT, such as increased vimentin and N-Cadherin and decreased E-Cadherin expression. Alongside these typical EMT-induced protein expression changes, levels of detyrosinated α-tubulin (Glu-tubulin) also increased, which is a marker of stabilized microtubules that also promotes McTN formation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence demonstrated that Glu-tubulin was highly diffuse in untreated cells, but became organized into distinct cytoplasmic filaments upon treatment of cells with TGFβ. Detached MCF10A and MCF-7 cells also showed increased McTNs following exposure to TGFβ. Real-time measurement of cell reattachment by electrical impedance demonstrated that the increased McTNs associated with TGFβ treatment resulted in more efficient and faster cell reattachment. These results emphasize that the post-translational alterations in microtubules promoted by TGFβ can promote increased McTNs and that therapies targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying these TGFβ-induced cytoskeletal changes could provide new targets aimed at reducing CTC reattachment and metastasis. Citation Format: Jana Slovic, Michele I. Vitolo, Rebbecca A. Whipple, Amanda E. Boggs, Monica S. Charpentier, Lekhana Bhandary, Keyata Thompson, Stuart S. Martin. Microtentacle stabilization during TGFβ-induced EMT as a new therapeutic target to reduce circulating tumor cell metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 276. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-276
In vitro evaluation of the stability of ranitidine hydrochloride in total parenteral nutrient mixtures

The stability of ranitidine hydrochloride in various total parenteral nutrient (TPN) solutions was studied, as well as the effect of ranitidine on the stability of lipid emulsion and amino acids in these solutions. Ranitidine hydrochloride 25 mg/mL was added to each of the following mixtures to make final concentrations of approximately 50 and 100 mg/L: (1) TPN solution containing 4.5% amino acids, 22.7% dextrose, and electrolytes; (2) 10% lipid emulsion; (3) TPN solution containing 3.7% amino acids, 18.5% dextrose, 3.7% lipid emulsion, and electrolytes (all-in-one mixture); and (4) 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Mixtures were tested at room temperature and at 4 degrees C and were either protected from or exposed to fluorescent light. Sampling was done at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours, and the ranitidine concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples were also analyzed for lipid particle size distribution and for amino acid content. At 48 hours, the all-in-one mixtures retained 86.0% to 91.4% of the initial ranitidine concentration. With one exception (ranitidine 50 mg/L in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, stored at room temperature and not protected from light), all other solutions retained at least 90% of the initial concentration at 48 hours. No visible changes in color and minimal changes in pH values were noted. There were no important changes in lipid particle-size distribution; 96% of all particles counted from any mixture were smaller than 1.44 microns in diameter at 48 hours. Ranitidine did not have an effect on amino acid concentrations in these mixtures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RSA Cryptanalysis Algorithm Mechanism Based on Complete Square Number

Cryptanalysis on RSA algorithm method based on the complete square numbers is presented,which concludes the number field selection and arithmetic efficiency relationship of x and y that congruence for x2≡y2.Through theoretical proof and related research to its mechanism,and c that is called the characteristic of n prime factor of public key is constituted.The result shows:the efficiency of n-decomposition is high with right number field range and algorithm while c2,and which is low because of the large number field range while c2,so the tectonic RSA key is safe.
Novel neural network based fusion for multistream ASR

Robustness of automatic speech recognition (ASR) to acoustic mismatches can be improved by multistream framework. Frequently used approach to combine decisions from individual streams involve training large number of neural networks, one for each possible stream combination. In this work, we propose to simplify the fusion by replacing the large number of fusion networks with a single fusion network. During training of the proposed fusion network, features from a stream are randomly dropped out. At test time, corrupted streams are identified and dropped out to improve robustness. Using the proposed approach, we were able to achieve significant reduction in number of parameters, while remaining in less than 2.5 % relative degradation of conventional fusion technique. Furthermore, proposed fusion network is also applied in a multistream ASR system to improve noise robustness of Aurora4 speech recognition task. Noticeable improvements were observed over baseline systems (relative improvement of 9.2 % in microphone mismatch and 3.2 % in additive noise conditions).
A concept model for individual surveillance in genetic cancer care.

OBJECTIVE To present the concept of individual surveillance in genetic risk management as a complex collection of other concepts, and to propose a model that represents how these component concepts may relate to each other. CONCEPT The concept of "individual surveillance" has a set of lexical conditions, called critical attributes, antecedents, and consequence. The attributes are derived from the historical and contemporary use of the word and must be present for conceptualization. Antecedents are conditions that must exist before individual surveillance can occur, and consequences are those events that will always occur after individual surveillance. The popular association of surveillance with real or suspected criminal activity may design a predilection for critical attributes and confuse concept attainment. Before involving patients and family members in surveillance activities, clinicians should explore the subjective meaning of participation. MODEL The model can be used, by a clinician and a patient, to describe and understand the meaning of individual surveillance for participants in a systematic, holistic, and highly personal way.
Is the new model of family medicine financially viable

Findings from the Future of Family Medicine project suggest the New Model could boost your income or enable you to work fewer hours.
Rehabilitation management of homebound elderly with locomotor disability.

Functional disabilities, the final common pathway of all medical and surgical conditions, are frequently preventable and treatable. Rehabilitation of the elderly can be a special problem because their habits are longstanding and difficult to change. An environmental assessment is the “key” to understanding more fully the limitations of function, and how well management strategies can be integrated.
Knowledge of self, knowledge of others, error, and the place of consciousness

"Knowledge of self, knowledge of others, error and the place of consciousness" examines texts and problems from the phenomenological tradition to show that the other does not present her/himself as a consciousness enclosed in a merely material body. I discuss Merleau-Ponty's attempt to supplant this view with the view that the other is always seen as an "incarnate consciousness" - a unity of mind and body in activity. This view faces a difficulty in that it seems to collapse the distinction between one's own understanding of one's behavior and the understanding which another might have of this same behavior. In response to this objection, I study how the meaning of people's behaviors are settled in dialogue. I argue that the meanings that an actor gives to her or his behavior cannot rest entirely with that person, nor are they determined solely by the interpreter, but instead develop in the interaction between the actor and the interpreter.
Marjolin’s Ulcer of the Pleural Surface Within a Long-Standing Eloesser Flap

Marjolin's ulcers typically result from long-term chronic inflammation of a squamous surface, most often related to burns and other scars. This report describes a squamous cell carcinoma arising from the pleural surface in a patient with a chronically neglected Eloesser flap.
Viscoelastic Separation of Particles by Size in Straight Rectangular Microchannels: A Parametric Study for a Refined Understanding

Microfluidic separation of particles has been implemented using a variety of force fields. We demonstrate in this work a continuous sheath-free separation of both a binary and a ternary particle mixture in viscoelastic polymer solutions through straight rectangular microchannels. This label-free separation arises from the flow-induced lift force that directs particles toward size-sensitive focusing positions in a high width/height channel. It is found to be a strong function of multiple experimental parameters, which is systematically investigated in terms of dimensionless numbers. We propose to explain the observed lateral shifting of particle focusing positions as a result of the competing center- (due to fluid elasticity effects) and wall- (due to fluid elasticity and shear thinning effects) directed elastic lift forces. The inertial lift force comes into effect at relatively high flow rates, which appears to reduce the separation efficiency and purity in our experiments.
Effects of Empty Categories on Machine Translation

We examine effects that empty categories have on machine translation. Empty categories are elements in parse trees that lack corresponding overt surface forms (words) such as dropped pronouns and markers for control constructions. We start by training machine translation systems with manually inserted empty elements. We find that inclusion of some empty categories in training data improves the translation result. We expand the experiment by automatically inserting these elements into a larger data set using various methods and training on the modified corpus. We show that even when automatic prediction of null elements is not highly accurate, it nevertheless improves the end translation result.
Polymicrobial Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Infection in the Setting of a Prior Hepaticojejunostomy Anastomosis: A Case Report

Abstract Background: Vegetative transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) infections are a rare complication of TIPS placement. Cases have been reported in the literature and one study estimated incidence to be 1%.1 The vast majority of cases were reported in the setting of cirrhosis. Here, we report a case of vegetative polymicrobial TIPS infection refractory to broad spectrum antibiotics in a patient with a prior hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis as part of a Whipple procedure for a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Case Presentation: A 40-year-old gentleman with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and became eligible for tumor resection. A pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple resection) with en bloc superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and portal vein–splenic vein confluence resection was performed. The patient developed SMV stenosis, and a TIPS was placed to access the SMV for stent placement. The patient eventually developed recurrent fevers because of Escherich...
A Regulatory Hierarchy of the Arabidopsis Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolic Network.

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) Ile, Val and Leu are essential nutrients that humans and other animals obtain from plants. However, total and relative amounts of plant BCAAs rarely match animal nutritional needs, and improvement requires a better understanding of the mechanistic basis for BCAA homeostasis. We present an in vivo regulatory model of BCAA homeostasis derived from analysis of feedback-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana mutants for the three allosteric committed enzymes in the biosynthetic network: threonine deaminase (also named L-O-methylthreonine resistant 1, OMR1), acetohydroxyacid synthase small subunit 2 (AHASS2) and isopropylmalate synthase 1 (IPMS1). In this model, OMR1 exerts primary control on Ile accumulation and functions independently of AHAS and IPMS. AHAS and IPMS regulate Val and Leu homeostasis, where AHAS affects total Val+Leu and IPMS controls partitioning between these amino acids. In addition, analysis of feedback-resistant and loss-of-function single and double mutants revealed that each AHAS and IPMS isoenzyme contributes to homeostasis rather than being functionally redundant. The characterized feedback-resistant mutations caused increased free BCAA levels in both seedlings and seeds. These results add to our understanding of the basis of in vivo BCAA homeostasis and inform approaches to improve the amount and balance of these essential nutrients in crops.
Include Experiential Learning in Your Contracts Course: 'The House on Elm Street' Exercise

A 2017 American Bar Association report emphasizes the importance of negotiation skills. A Contracts course is the ideal setting in which to introduce law students to these skills. Negotiation takes place in the shadow of the law, especially the shadow of contract law. Including a negotiation exercise in a Contracts course provides students with experiential learning by bringing to life contract law and related ethical concepts. This article shows you how to include a negotiation exercise, “The House on Elm Street,” in your Contracts course. The exercise has been tested worldwide in degree courses and in executive programs involving attorneys, judges, managers, and others. The article opens in Section I with instructions on how to set up the exercise. Section II provides a script for debriefing the exercise, including related slides. The article concludes in Section III with discussion of a document that enables students to assess their performance and to develop a plan for improving their negotiation skills.