cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The need for cross-layer information in access point selection algorithms

The low price of commodity wireless LAN cards and access points (APs) has resulted in the rich proliferation of high density WLANs in enterprise, academic environments, and public spaces. In such environments wireless clients have a variety of affiliation options that ultimately determine the quality of service they receive from the network. The state of the art mechanism behind such a decision typically relies on received signal strength, associating clients to that access point (AP) in their neighborhood that features the strongest signal. More intelligent algorithms have been further proposed in the literature. In this work we take a step back and look into the fundamental metrics that determine end user throughput in 802.11 wireless networks. We identify three such metrics pertaining to wireless channel quality, AP capacity in the presence of interference, and client contention. We modify the low level software functionality (firmware and microcode) of a commercial wireless adaptor to measure the necessary quantities. We then test, in a real testbed, the ability of each metric to capture end user throughput through a range of diverse network conditions. Our experimental results indicate that user affiliation decisions should be based on metrics that do not only reflect physical layer performance, or network occupancy, but also concretely capture MAC layer behavior. Based on the acquired insight, we propose a new metric that is shown to be highly accurate across all tested network scenarios.
Stable, highly concentrated suspensions for electronic and ceramic materials applications

Highly concentrated solid-in-liquid suspensions find applications in a number of areas such as electronics, ceramics, paints, coatings, etc. Highly loaded, stable suspensions which exhibit desirable rheological characteristics (moderate viscosity, shear thinning behavior, thixotropy, and a small yield stress, for example), and which have high thermal or electrical conductivities are frequently sought after. We describe here some techniques which can be used to obtain such highly concentrated suspensions. These involve employing mixed size grades of particles and effective dispersants. For thermal paste applications, for example, compliant pastes of up to 78 vol. % solids with thermal conductivity values as high as 6 W/mK (hence, a few times greater than the values reported previously by others), low electrical conductivity, and moderate viscosity have been prepared by mixing different particle size grades of materials such as Al 2 O 3 , SiC, AlN, Al, and diamond. Effective dispersants, both commercial as well as those synthesized in our laboratory as novel variations of previously known molecular architectures, have been used to facilitate the achievement of these very high loading and stable suspensions.
Retrograde amnesia: Time dependent effects of rhinencephalic lesions

Retrograde amnesia (RA) produced by post-trial lesions of mouse anterior limbic field was found to be inversely related to trial-lesion intervals. Control experiments demonstrated that the RA was not due to response bias, seizures, spreading depression, or generalized electrical stimulation. Damage of the motor cortex failed to produce RA. The results support the contention that small lesions of the anterior limbic field selectively interfere with memory storage processes without disrupting retieval of memory.
Intrusive thoughts and everyday cognitive failures in Holocaust survivors

Past research has found that the experiencing of a traumatic event can lead to detriments in lab-based measures of cognitive abilities. However, there is only limited research on the impact of trauma on everyday cognitive functioning. In the current study, 13 Holocaust survivors completed measures of intrusive and avoidant thoughts concerning the Holocaust, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and a measure of lifetime physical health. The results revealed that intrusive thoughts predicted the frequency of everyday cognitive failures, whereas avoidance of Holocaust memories predicted lifetime physical health. These findings suggest that trauma not only affects lab-based measures of cognitive abilities but also impacts everyday cognitive functioning. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early prediction of the adult respiratory distress syndrome by a simple scoring method

Early identification of patients who will develop the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is important in prognosis, management, and candidate selection for studies that evaluate both pathophysiology and early therapy. The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy of early prediction of ARDS by using a simple scoring method that combines the weighted risks from individual risk factors. By a discriminant function analysis of 136 patients with one or more clinical conditions predisposing to risk of ARDS, simple linear equations were derived in which several different risk factors, weighted by coefficients, served as the variables. We developed several equations from which individual "ARDS scores" could be calculated, and we found retrospectively that half the 46 patients who had developed ARDS scored higher than a particular "index score," while about 90% of the patients who never developed ARDS scored less than that index despite the presence of significant risk factors. We then prospectively tested these equations in 87 other patients and found similar results. In summary, a simple clinical scoring system which can be used soon after admission can identify, with reasonable accuracy, individual patients who are almost assured of developing ARDS.
Modeling vapor diffusion within cold and dry supraglacial tills of Antarctica: Implications for the preservation of ancient ice

Abstract We modeled water–vapor diffusion within Mullins till, a relatively dry supraglacial till in southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, that rests directly on Mullins Glacier, purportedly one of the oldest alpine glaciers in the world. Like most supraglacial tills in cold-desert environments, Mullins till contains three characteristic facies: a weathered facies representing the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals and the physical disintegration of surface rocks; a sand-wedge facies representing the episodic infill of thermal cracks associated with contraction-crack polygons; and an underlying fresh facies representing the addition of englacial debris (sourced from rockfall) as overlying ice sublimes. Using a one-dimensional model for Fickian vapor diffusion through porous media, we show that the rate of subsurface ice sublimation varies by ~ 5.5% beneath till facies and that over timescales of 10 5 years diffusion through “porous” sand wedges contributes to the development of deep troughs surrounding high-centered polygons. Applying site-specific meteorological data collected over a four-year period, we show that ice loss at the stagnant terminus of Mullins Glacier is ~ 6.6 × 10 −5 m a −1 , a value that (although low and assuming an ice thickness of ~ 150 m) is consistent with complete ice loss under current environmental forcing in ~ 2.5 Ma. Our sensitivity tests indicate that the vast majority of sublimation occurs during the summer months. Calculated summertime losses drop to zero with either a reduction in soil and ice surface temperatures of ~ 6.4 °C or an increase in atmospheric relative humidity from 44% to 75%, both of which could arise from an increase in cloud cover over Mullins Glacier. Sublimation responses to meteorological forcing are not uniform across Mullins Glacier. A summer increase in soil temperature of 2 °C results in negligible change in ice sublimation at Mullins terminus, but a 27% increase in ice loss in upper Mullins Valley. The key factor is the thickness of Mullins till, which is greater near the glacier terminus. For till thicknesses exceeding ~ 25 cm, non-linear variations in soil temperature result in downward vapor fluxes, capable of producing thin, cm-scale lenses of secondary pore that cap the surface of buried glacier ice. This downward vapor flow, sourced from modern snowfall and/or elevated atmospheric relative humidity, is one of the key factors that enable long-term preservation of buried glacier ice. Overall, our results highlight the subtle relations among changes in till texture, till thickness, and meteorological forcing on the rate of subsurface ice loss and provide insight into the plausible range of conditions under which multi-million-year-old ice can exist beneath thin supraglacial tills,
Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Endothelial Cells

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionary conserved energy-sensing enzyme that regulates cell metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates that AMPK also plays an important role in modulating endothelial cell function. In the present study, we investigated whether AMPK modulates endothelial cell growth. Treatment of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells with the AMPK activators 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), 6,7-dihydro-4-hydroxy-3-(2′-hydroxy[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-6-oxo-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (A-769662), or metformin inhibited cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. The antiproliferative action of AICAR was largely prevented by the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5′-iodotubercidin and mimicked by infecting endothelial cells with an adenovirus expressing constitutively active AMPK. In contrast, pharmacological blockade of endothelial nitric oxide synthase or heme oxygenase-1 activity failed to reverse the inhibition of endothelial cell growth by AICAR. Flow cytometry experiments revealed that pharmacological activation of AMPK arrested endothelial cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, and this was associated with increases in p53 phosphorylation and p53, p21, and p27 protein expression and decreases in cyclin A protein expression and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. In addition, silencing p21 and p27 expression partially restored the mitogenic response of AMPK-activated cells. Finally, activation of AMPK by AICAR blocked the migration of endothelial cells after scrape injury and stimulated tube formation by endothelial cells plated onto Matrigel-coated plates. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that AMPK activation inhibits endothelial cell proliferation by elevating p21 and p27 expression. In addition, they show that AMPK regulates endothelial cell migration and differentiation and identify AMPK as an attractive therapeutic target in treating diseases associated with aberrant endothelial cell growth.
Low-contact dynamic compression plating of the clavicle

Internal fixation of the clavicle is rarely necessary. When it is warranted, the clavicle's complex three-dimensional morphology and functional anatomy, proximity to vital structures, and the multidirectional biomechanical forces acting upon it place considerable demands on any implant used for skeletal fixation. We treated nine clavicles with the recently-introduced 3.5 mm low contact-dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP). Surgery was performed for symptomatic non-union in six patients, shoulder dysfunction following a malunited fracture in one, for an open fracture in one, and for an acute fracture associated with brachial plexus injury in one. After an average follow-up period of 17 months union was secured in each case. The advantages afforded by the 3.5 mm LC-DCP in internal fixation of the clavicle with its uniquely demanding anatomical and biomechanical characteristics are discussed.
General Anesthesia Delays the Inflammatory Response and Increases Survival for Mice with Endotoxic Shock

ABSTRACT Anesthesia is an indispensable component of any operative procedure. In this study, we demonstrate that continuous isoflurane anesthesia for 1 h after a lethal dose (20 mg/kg of body weight) of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in a significant increase in survival of C57BL/6J (B6) mice in comparison with survival of nonanesthetized mice. Protection by anesthesia correlates with a delay in plasma LPS circulation, resulting in a delayed inflammatory response, particularly DNA binding activity of NF-κB and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10. Disparate classes of anesthetic agents produce the same effects on the inflammatory response, which is also independent of the inbred mouse strain used. These results suggest that anesthesia has an important impact on the outcome from endotoxemia. Moreover, the immunomodulatory effects of anesthetics should be considered when interpreting data from experimental animal models.
Predicting Dissemination of News Content in Social Media: A Focus on Reception, Friending, and Partisanship

Social media are an emerging news source, but questions remain regarding how citizens engage news content in this environment. This study focuses on social media news reception and friending a journalist/news organization as predictors of social media news dissemination. Secondary analysis of 2010 Pew data (N = 1,264) reveals reception and friending to be positive predictors of dissemination, and a reception-by-friending interaction is also evident. Partisanship moderates these relationships such that reception is a stronger predictor of dissemination among partisans, while the friending-dissemination link is evident for nonpartisans only. These results provide novel insights into citizens’ social media news experiences.
Clinical Implementation of a Novel High-Throughput Screen of Primary Leukemia Cells to Personalize Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Abstract 2657 Poster Board II-633 For most patients with relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia, therapeutic success is unpredictable with current cytotoxic chemotherapeutic regimens. Moreover, multiple courses of therapy have been shown to result in co-morbid conditions, which can often preclude the patient from being able to receive the potentially curative therapy of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. With the aim of identifying a successful chemotherapy regimen for these patients, based on patient-specific myeloid blast cell chemo-sensitivities, we have developed a high-throughput screening assay that utilizes primary (patient-derived) leukemia cells and tested for chemo-sensitivity against a panel of established chemotherapeutic agents as well as novel agents. In our laboratory, we were able to identify in vitro resistance against the various drugs already clinically administered, including cytarabine, etoposide, and anthracyclines. Importantly, we were able to show in vitro sensitivity to chemotherapy agents that had not been previously administered. The index patient was a 32-year-old woman with primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia who had received six different therapeutic regimens prior to our testing, all of which demonstrated in vitro resistance using our assay. The blasts were sensitive, however, to 6-thioguanine with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 70 nM. Based on the in vitro data, the patient began a combination treatment regimen containing oral 6-thioguanine as her white blood cell (WBC) count had increased to greater then 50,000 cells/ml on her previous therapy. Following a maintenance regimen with these agents, her circulating blast count decreased to less then 10,000 cells/ml, and she had partial recovery of the neutrophil count, resulting in a decrease in the overall leukemia burden. This result was not seen with her previous treatment regimens. Importantly, the majority of this therapy was administered in the outpatient setting. Subsequently, we have collected specimens from more than ten patients with AML and used this screening assay to predict their response to various chemotherapeutics. In each case, we have accurately predicted the in vivo clinical response (both sensitivity and resistance) to different chemotherapeutic agents. This demonstrates that the technology currently being used to screen drug therapy for patients with relapsed and refractory AML is clinically useful and has a potential role in designing individualized drug treatment regimens. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases 1/2 Control Claudin-2 Expression in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Strain I and II Cells

Abstract The tight junction of the epithelial cell determines the characteristics of paracellular permeability across epithelium. Recent work points toward the claudin family of tight junction proteins as leading candidates for the molecular components that regulate paracellular permeability properties in epithelial tissues. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) strain I and II cells are models for the study of tight junctions and based on transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) contain “tight” and “leaky” tight junctions, respectively. Overexpression studies suggest that tight junction leakiness in these two strains of MDCK cells is conferred by expression of the tight junction protein claudin-2. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation by hepatocyte growth factor treatment of MDCK strain II cells inhibited claudin-2 expression and transiently increased TER. This process was blocked by the ERK 1/2 inhibitor U0126. Transfection of constitutively active mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase into MDCK strain II cells also inhibited claudin-2 expression and increased TER. MDCK strain I cells have higher levels of active ERK 1/2 than do MDCK strain II cells. U0126 treatment of MDCK strain I cells decreased active ERK 1/2 levels, induced expression of claudin-2 protein, and decreased TER by ∼20-fold. U0126 treatment also induced claudin-2 expression and decreased TER in a high resistance mouse cortical collecting duct cell line (94D). These data show for the first time that the ERK 1/2 signaling pathway negatively controls claudin-2 expression in mammalian renal epithelial cells and provide evidence for regulation of tight junction paracellular transport by alterations in claudin composition within tight junction complexes.
The Historical Development Of Strategic Planning Theories

This paper discusses both broad historical and philosophical theories of strategic management, as well as specific communication and human resource management theories and practices. It concludes with an application chapter emphasizing how the Roman Catholic Church needs to develop a strategy to integrate learning and innovation in order to reconcile and communicate its central message locally. Although built upon a hierarchical and organizational culture, where strict obedience to institutional directives dominates the communities it serves, the diversity within the Church is forcing the Vatican to ensure specialized sub-cultures are not polarized.
Basic Theory of ODE and Vector Fields

This chapter examines basic topics in the field of ordinary differential equations (ODE), as it has developed from the era of Newton into modern times. This is closely tied to the development of a number of concepts in advanced calculus. We begin with a brief discussion of the derivative of a vector-valued function of several variables as a linear map.
Uncovering the layers of foreign language teacher socialization: A qualitative case study of Fulbright language teaching assistants:

This qualitative case study explored how a novice language teacher negotiated her pedagogical beliefs and practices during her socialization into a foreign cultural and educational context. The focal participant was an Uzbek language teacher at a university in the USA. Using a language socialization theoretical framework, data were drawn from multiple sources such as interviews, video-recorded classroom observations, and classroom materials. The findings indicate that biographical factors (e.g. the teacher’s personal history, experience as a learner), contextual factors (e.g. interactions with students and institutional resources), and dialogic factors (e.g. the teacher’s knowledge of theories of teaching and learning) guided the process of socialization. The teacher was able to transform her beliefs and practices by negotiating the tensions, dilemmas, concerns, and questions across her biography, current teaching context, and theoretical knowledge of teaching and learning.
Variants of estrogen-related genes and breast cancer risk in European and African American women

It has been observed previously that compared with women of European ancestry (EA), those of African ancestry (AA) are more likely to develop estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, although the mechanisms have not been elucidated. We tested the associations between breast cancer risk and a targeted set of 20 genes known to be involved in estrogen synthesis, metabolism, and response and potential gene-environment interactions using data and samples from 1307 EA (658 cases) and 1365 AA (621 cases) participants from the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). Multivariable logistic regression found evidence of associations with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ESR1 gene in EA women (rs1801132, odds ratio (OR)=1.47, 95% CI=1.20-1.80, P=0.0002; rs2046210, OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.04-1.47, P=0.02; and rs3020314, OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.19-1.70, P=0.00009), but not in AA women. The only other gene associated with breast cancer risk was CYP1A2 in AA women (rs2470893, OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.00-2.02, P=0.05), but not in EA women. When stratified by ER status, ESR1 rs1801132, rs2046210, and rs3020314 showed stronger associations in ER-positive than in ER-negative breast cancer in only EA women. Associations with the ESR1 SNPs in EA women also appeared to be stronger with longer endogenous estrogen exposure or hormonal replacement therapy use. Our results indicate that there may be differential genetic influences on breast cancer risk in EA compared with AA women and that these differences may be modified by tumor subtype and estrogen exposures. Future studies with a larger sample size may determine the full contribution of estrogen-related genes to racial/ethnic differences in breast cancer.
Abstract 2678: Molecular signature of drug action for microtubule stabilizing agents

Microtubule-stabilizing agents (MSAs) comprise a class of drugs that bind to polymerized microtubules (MTs), thereby inhibiting their dynamic properties and leading to arrest in mitosis. The prototype of this group of drugs, Taxol, is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used extensively in the treatment of human ovarian, breast, and lung carcinomas. Although electron crystallography and photoaffinity labeling studies led to the identification of the binding site for Taxol in the β-tubulin subunit of the MT polymer, the effect of the drugs on MT conformation was only recently deciphered in our laboratory using hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX) coupled to high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). We have also utilized this technique to determine the binding mode and conformational effects of discodermolide, another MSA with potential to become a useful anti-tumor drug. We found that in tubulin isolated from chicken erythrocytes, discodermolide bound to an overlapping binding site with Taxol, but had a distinct pose within the pocket, such that it oriented itself away from the M-loop and toward the N-terminal H1-S2 loop of β-tubulin. Evidence of conformational effects on the C-terminal H12 helix in the α-tubulin subunit and of complementary MT stabilization between Taxol and discodermolide was found. These results provide the molecular basis for the ability of the two drugs to modulate interactions with endogenous microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and for the synergy observed between them in vivo. Preliminary analysis of the data with four other MSAs, epothilone B, ixabepilone, peloruside A, and laulimalide, suggests a very similar mode of MT stabilization by all the drugs in this class, with some drug-specific, and more importantly, binding-mode-specific MT-stabilizing effects. Careful examination and qualitative comparison of the conformational effects of all the aforementioned MSAs is currently in progress, and will allow us to determine a molecular signature for drug action that may correlate with the corresponding therapeutic benefits. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2678.
A New Assessment Tool for Parkinson Disease The Nigral Lesion Load Obtained by Transcranial Sonography

Objectives A sonographic method that provides for the measurement of a single frozen image and ignores the remaining portions of the midbrain has been used recently as a biological marker of Parkinson disease. We propose a new approach to evaluating the midbrain: obtaining the nigral lesion load, with which it is possible to acquire an estimate of the real damage to the substantia nigra. Methods We studied 60 patients with Parkinson disease and classified them according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale (Neurology 1967; 17:427-442). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, ioflupane-labeled single-photon emission computed tomography, and technetium Tc 99m-labeled single-photon emission computed tomography were performed. Assessment of the midbrain parenchyma was performed with transcranial sonography to quantify the extent of hyperechoic signals on 2 different scans (upper and lower substantia nigra). Results In 90% of patients (54), we found pathologic hyperechoic substantia nigra signals (>0.25 cm(2)). These data were similar to those described previously by other authors. However, the sum of the values obtained from each measurement (total of 4 per patient) showed that patients with severe disease had larger nigral lesion loads. In most cases, the study showed impairment of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system when the hyperechoic pattern was more pronounced. Conclusions Transcranial sonography is a useful tool for Parkinson disease workup. A single measurement of substantia nigra echogenicity may be insufficient for an optimal definition of the stage of the disease. A study of the entire midbrain may deliver more information than a single measurement.
Longitudinal mediators of social problem solving in spina bifida and typical development.

Objective The current study examined the role of early executive functions (EF) and social language (SL) as well as responsive parenting as mediators of the effect of group on social problem-solving skills at 7 years of age for children with spina bifida and typically developing children. Method A mediation analysis was used to determine if the effect of having spina bifida on school age social problem-solving skills was mediated through the effect of group on EF/SL at 3 years of age and responsive parenting at 12 and 18 months. As part of a larger longitudinal study, 103 infants (n = 49 with spina bifida; n = 54 typically developing) received measures of EF/SL at 3 years of age and mother-infant play interactions at 12 and 18 months of age were coded for a range of responsive parenting behaviors. Social problem-solving skills were measured with a game-like observational task at 7 years of age. Results Group had a direct relation with later social problem-solving as well as an indirect relation through early EF/SL skills that, in turn, had a direct relation with later social problem solving. An indirect effect of responsive parenting on later social skills also was found through a direct effect on EF/SL skills. Conclusion Early precursors of school age difficulties with social problem solving observed for children with spina bifida can be explained, in part, by difficulties in the first 3 years of life with EF/SL. Early responsive parenting appears to positively affect the development of these EF/SL skills. Implications for early intervention are an outcome of this study.
Differentiation of bacterial versus viral otitis media using a combined Raman scattering spectroscopy and low coherence interferometry probe (Conference Presentation)

Otitis media (OM) is a highly prevalent disease that can be caused by either a bacterial or viral infection. Because antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections, blind use of antibiotics without definitive knowledge of the infectious agent, though commonly practiced, can lead to the problems of potential harmful side effects, wasteful misuse of medical resources, and the development of antimicrobial resistance. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using a combined Raman scattering spectroscopy and low coherence interferometry (LCI) device to differentiate OM infections caused by viruses and bacteria and improve our diagnostic ability of OM. Raman spectroscopy, an established tool for molecular analysis of biological tissue, has been shown capable of identifying different bacterial species, although mostly based on fixed or dried sample cultures. LCI has been demonstrated recently as a promising tool for determining tympanic membrane (TM) thickness and the presence and thickness of middle-ear biofilm located behind the TM. We have developed a fiber-based ear insert that incorporates spatially-aligned Raman and LCI probes for point-of-care diagnosis of OM. As shown in human studies, the Raman probe provides molecular signatures of bacterial- and viral-infected OM and normal middle-ear cavities, and LCI helps to identify depth-resolved structural information as well as guide and monitor positioning of the Raman spectroscopy beam for relatively longer signal acquisition time. Differentiation of OM infections is determined by correlating in vivo Raman data collected from human subjects with the Raman features of different bacterial and viral species obtained from cultured samples.
The current situation and protection measures about ecological environment of mine in Ganzhou city

In this paper,the present ecological environment of mine in Ganzhou is analyzed.For the influence degree of mining on the ecological environment,countermeasures to protecting ecological environment of Ganjiang River and East River in Ganzhou are proposed.
Age, incidence, and distribution of 4,652 cases of carcinoma of the cervix: With a report of three cases during the first two decades of life

Abstract The results of a study of the age distribution of 4,652 cases of carcinoma of the cervix have been presented, showing both the ages of incidence and the ages at admission, together with a breakdown into the age distribution of the three histologic groups. A detailed report is given of three cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix occurring in the second decade of life. It is important that the family physician realize that malignancy of the cervix may occur at any age period after the first decade of life, and the possibility of the presence of carcinoma of the cervix should not be eliminated solely because of the age of the patient.
Alcohol perceptions and behavior in a residential peer social network

Personalized normative feedback is a recommended component of alcohol interventions targeting college students. However, normative data are commonly collected through campus-based surveys, not through actual participant-referent relationships. In the present investigation, we examined how misperceptions of residence hall peers, both overall using a global question and those designated as important peers using person-specific questions, were related to students' personal drinking behaviors. Participants were 108 students (88% freshman, 54% White, 51% female) residing in a single campus residence hall. Participants completed an online baseline survey in which they reported their own alcohol use and perceptions of peer alcohol use using both an individual peer network measure and a global peer perception measure of their residential peers. We employed network autocorrelation models, which account for the inherent correlation between observations, to test hypotheses. Overall, participants accurately perceived the drinking of nominated friends but overestimated the drinking of residential peers. Consistent with hypotheses, overestimating nominated friend and global residential peer drinking predicted higher personal drinking, although perception of nominated peers was a stronger predictor. Interaction analyses showed that the relationship between global misperception and participant self-reported drinking was significant for heavy drinkers, but not non-heavy drinkers. The current findings explicate how student perceptions of peer drinking within an established social network influence drinking behaviors, which may be used to enhance the effectiveness of normative feedback interventions.
Effects on Mammals of the Aminopeptidase Inhibitor Bestatin

Bestatin, a natural analog of Phe-Leu, is a potent inhibitor of some, but not all aminopeptidases. It exhibits low toxicity to cultured cells, intact animals and humans. It has become a useful tool in elucidating the physiological role of some mammalian exopeptidases in the regulation of the immune system, in the growth of tumors and their invasion of surrounding tissues, and in the degradation of cellular proteins. Bestatin-sensitive enzymes play important roles in the digestion and absorption of peptides in the brush border of the intestine and the kidney, in the metabolism of neuropeptides and leukotrienes, in the reproductive system and in the lens.
Visual Sentiment Analysis for Social Images Using Transfer Learning Approach

Visual sentiment analysis framework can predictthe sentiment of an image by analyzing the image contents. Nowadays, people are uploading millions of images in socialnetworks such as Twitter, Facebook, Google Plus, and Flickr. These images play a crucial part in expressing emotions of users in online social networks. As a result, image sentiment analysishas become important in the area of online multimedia big dataresearch. Several research works are focusing on analyzing thesentiment of the textual contents. However, little investigationhas been done to develop models that can predict sentiment ofvisual content. In this paper, we propose a novel visual sentimentanalysis framework using transfer learning approach to predictsentiment. We use hyper-parameters learned from a very deepconvolutional neural network to initialize our network modelto prevent overfitting. We conduct extensive experiments on aTwitter image dataset and prove that our model achieves betterperformance than the current state-of-the-art.
PTSD symptoms and suicide risk in veterans: Serial indirect effects via depression and anger.

Abstract Background Suicide rates are higher in veterans compared to the general population, perhaps due to trauma exposure. Previous literature highlights depressive symptoms and anger as contributors to suicide risk. PTSD symptoms may indirectly affect suicide risk by increasing the severity of such cognitive-emotional factors. Method A sample of community dwelling veterans ( N =545) completed online surveys, including the PTSD Checklist-Military Version, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, Multidimensional Health Profile-Psychosocial Functioning, and Differential Emotions Scale –IV. Bivariate and serial mediation analyses were conducted to test for direct and indirect effects of PTSD symptoms on suicide risk. Results In bivariate analyses, PTSD symptoms, depression, anger, and internal hostility were positively related to suicide risk. In serial mediation analyses, there was a significant total effect of PTSD symptoms on suicide risk in both models. PTSD symptoms were also indirectly related to suicidal behavior via depression and internal hostility, and via internal hostility alone. Anger was not a significant mediator. Limitation Our cross-sectional sample was predominantly White and male; prospective studies with diverse veterans are needed. Discussion Our findings may have implications for veteran suicide prevention. The effects of PTSD and depression on anger, particularly internal hostility, are related to suicide risk, suggesting a potential mechanism of action for the PTSD-suicide linkage. A multi-faceted therapeutic approach, targeting depression and internal hostility, via cognitive-behavioral techniques such as behavioral activation and cognitive restructuring, may reduce suicide risk in veterans who have experienced trauma.
Effect of emergency winter homeless shelters on property crime

To evaluate the effect of emergency winter homeless shelters on property crimes in the nearby communities. Every winter between 2009 and 2016, the City of Vancouver, Canada opened shelters to protect the homeless from harsh winter conditions. The city opened 19 shelters, but only five to nine of them were open in any one winter. Using the variation in timing and placement of the shelters, we contrast crime rates in the surrounding areas when the shelters are open and closed. The presence of a shelter appears to cause property crime to increase by 56% within 100 m of that shelter, with thefts from vehicles, other thefts, and vandalism driving the increase. However, when a homeless shelter opened, rates of breaking and entering commercial establishments were 34% lower within 100 m of that shelter. The observed effects are concentrated close to shelters, within 400 m, and dissipate beyond 400 m. Consistent with a causal effect, we find a decreasing effect of shelters with increasing distance from the shelter. While homeless shelters are a critical social service, in Vancouver, they appear to impact property crime in the surrounding community. Shelters may warrant greater security to control property crime, but the data suggest that any increase in security need not extend beyond 400 m, about two to three blocks, from the shelters.
Infrared leaky-wave antenna using a uniaxial graphene metasurface

In the past few years leaky-wave antennas have been a very active area of antenna research due to their beam-scanning abilities. With the surge in graphene and 2D material research applications, there have been efforts to design graphenebased antennas in the terahertz and infrared spectrum due to graphene’s ability to strongly localize electromagnetic waves which leads to the ability to miniaturize and reconfigure antennas through electrical bias, magnetic bias, acoustic bias or chemical doping. It has also been seen that uniaxial metasurfaces such as graphene strips or phosphorene monolayers demonstrate extreme topological transitions from closed elliptical, quasi-isotropic to open hyperbolic canalization regimes. Here we design a planar long-wave infrared leaky-wave antenna based on periodic graphene strips. The leaky-wave antenna consisting of the graphene strips shall radiate at different angles at long-wave infrared wavelengths but more importantly radiate at 28.3THz at different angles for different values of biasing of the monolayer controlled by the chemical potential of the monolayers. We also explore the anisotropy of ultrathin hyperbolic reconfigurable metasurfaces represented by graphene strips in the context of a leaky-wave antenna. The different canalization regimes of the graphene strip metasurface are explored for applications in the field of flatland optics and planar antenna arrays.
Teratogenic bioactivation of cyclophosphamide in vitro.

Abstract Day 10 rat embryos grown as cultured explants in vitro developed characteristic defects when culture media contained cyclophosphamide (6.25 micrograms per milliliter or more), an hepatic microsomal fraction, and cofactors for a monooxygenase system. Cyclophosphamide concentrations as high as 250 micrograms per milliliter were innocuous when either the microsomal material or cofactors were omitted from the medium. These experiments represent the first direct demonstration of bioactivation of a proteratogen.
An Alternative Packaging Solution in Achieving Moisture Sensitivity Level One (1) for Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC) Automotive Packages

In response to the need in the semiconductor industry to have a higher moisture sensitivity level (MSL) satisfying the no delamination criteria in all interfaces for automotive devices with a reasonable cost are the main objectives in this study. To attain these tasks, knowledge of the material components and a system in the evaluation process are the key to the success of this program. Different evaluation stages were initially defined and executed depending on bill-of-material (BOM) combination and complexities. Activities will also include process refinement, material selection, leadframe design improvement and surface enhancements. Initially, all existing critical process parameter conditions were identified and optimized to ensure a delamination-free package at time zero or after assembly after which moisture soaking is done at different conditions to identify and verify MSL capability. Once found incapable for no-delamination criteria, the change in mold compound material, leadframe design enhancement, and surface roughening will be introduced. For an SOIC package with the biggest silicon die and paddle size identified as the initial qualification test vehicle using a bare copper with spot silver type of leadframe, it was found out that with the optimized process parameter conditions and with the right mold compound can already achieve MSL 1 and even after 500 temperature cycles without any form of delamination in all regions - no need for further leadframe design enhancements, surface roughening treatments and additional process for surface activation. With this result on this specific package type, additional cost adders were avoided. Likewise, this solution will be extended to other package types with different surface finish for Pre-Plated Frames (PPFs) or Nickel-Palladium-Gold (NiPdAu) to check for process consistency and material compatibility.
Catalytic, Enantioselective α-Alkylation of Azlactones with Nonconjugated Alkenes by Directed Nucleopalladation

A palladium(II)-catalyzed enantioselective α-alkylation of azlactones with nonconjugated alkenes is described. The reaction employs a chiral BINOL-derived phosphoric acid as the source of stereoinduction, and a cleavable bidentate directing group appended to the alkene to control the regioselectivity and stabilize the nucleopalladated alkylpalladium(II) intermediate in the catalytic cycle. A wide range of azlactones were found to be compatible under the optimal reaction conditions to afford products bearing α,α-disubstituted α-amino-acid derivatives with high yields and high enantioselectivity.
Circumscribing defaults

One of the questions in understanding the relation between circumscription and consistencybased nonmonotonic logic is - can default logic be expressed in circumscription? While it seems impossible to express default logic in existing forms of circumscription, is it nevertheless possible to express default logic in a certain extension of circumscription? This paper presents a construction of "default logic" in the spirit of circumscription. It has been shown that the new formalism, circumscriptive extension, is indeed an extension of circumscription. The equivalence of the new formalism and default logic is shown to hold under certain conditions, which demonstrates that default logic can be expressed by merely classical logic with a fixed point operator.
Reducing water-soluble phosphorus in soil through flue gas desulfurization gypsum application: year of application effects at multiple sites in Wisconsin.

Phosphorus runoff from agricultural land to surface water bodies, such as the Great Lakes, is an important environmental concern. Soil amendments, such as gypsum, may alter the chemistry of the soil solution to reduce the amount of water-soluble P (WSP) available for loss to runoff, and as such, the NRCS now recommends gypsum application as a Conservation Practice Standard (Code 333) for improving water quality. Interest in gypsum use has also increased as availability has increased from production of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum at many coal-burning power plants throughout the United States. This study tested three rates of unincorporated, surface-broadcast FGD gypsum application at 23 field sites in Wisconsin. The optimal rate for reducing WSP concentration and the relationship between selected soil properties and the beneficial effect of FGD gypsum application were evaluated. The FGD gypsum reduced WSP ( < 0.0001), with a significant effect compared with the control at the lowest tested rate of 1120 kg ha at 5 of the 23 sites. Few other sites saw a significant benefit. Correlation indicated that sites showing a beneficial reduction of WSP from FGD gypsum application were those with greater soil test P ( = 0.0002) and lower cation exchange capacity ( = 0.0087) values.
A Mechanically Configurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for IEEE 802.11 WLAN Band

We present a new design for a frequency configurable microstrip patch antenna. The tuning mechanism consists of placing shorting posts placed in pre-drilled holes between the patch and ground plane at set locations on the patch. The hole locations are arranged so that the insertion of shorting pins in certain holes result in a predetermined resonant frequency. A frequency tunable microstrip patch operating over an 870 MHz bandwidth at the 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band is presented.
Molecular studies of von Willebrand disease: reduced von Willebrand factor biosynthesis, storage, and release in endothelial cells derived from patients with type I von Willebrand disease [published erratum appears in Blood 1990 Nov 1;76(9):1901]

Endothelial cells were cultured from the umbilical veins of two neonates with type I von Willebrand disease (vWD) and compared with cells cultured in parallel from normal control umbilical veins. In both cases, cultured vWD endothelial cells contained less messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding von Willebrand factor (vWF), and constitutively secreted two- to fourfold less vWF protein than their matched controls. Regulated secretion of stored vWF induced by thrombin or phorbol-12- myristate-13-acetate (PMA) was also diminished in vWD cells. Both the mRNA and protein produced by each of these type I vWD cells appeared to be of normal size. However, despite the diminished size of the vWF storage pool, electron microscopy of endothelial cells in situ showed normal appearing vWF storage organelles (Weibel-Palade bodies). These studies show that cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells can be used to explore the molecular defects in type I and perhaps other forms of vWD, and suggest that at least some forms of type I vWD are caused by diminished mRNA transcription or subsequent translation due to a defective vWF allele.
“A State of Conscious and Permanent Visibility”: Sight as an Instrument of Cure and Control at the Worcester State Hospital for the Insane, 1833–1900

The nineteenth-century lunatic hospital was intended to function as a curative instrument, targeting the mind through the senses. This paper compares the way in which visibility was mobilized in th...
Automatic Verification of Autonomous Robot Missions

Before autonomous robotics can be used for dangerous or critical missions, performance guarantees should be made available. This paper overviews a software system for the verification of behavior-based controllers in context of chosen hardware and environmental models. Robotic controllers are automatically translated to a process algebra. The system comprising both the robot and the environment are then evaluated by VIPARS, a verification software module in development, and compared to specific performance criteria. The user is returned a probability that the performance criteria will hold in the uncertainty of real-world conditions. Experimental results demonstrate accurate verification for a mission related to the search for a biohazard.