cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Removing user specified false paths from timing graphs

We present a new method for removing user-specified false subgraphs from timing analysis and circuit optimization. Given a timing graph and a list of specified false paths, false subpaths, or false subgraphs, we generate a new timing graph in which all specified false paths are removed using a process of node splitting and edge removal. We present the necessary and sufficient condition for splitting a node, and show that the number of nodes that must be added to the timing graph is linear with the size of the false path specification. We also present an algorithm for finding the minimum set of nodes that must be split. Since this algorithm requires exponential run time for false subpaths and false subgraphs, we present a heuristic splitting approach which has linear worst-case run time, and where the number of added nodes is linear with the size of the false path specification. The heuristic approach was implemented and results are given for large industrial circuits.
The effect of ultraviolet and white light on growth rate, lysis, and phage production of Bacillus megatherium.

Cultures of megatherium 899a, growing under different conditions, were exposed to ultraviolet or white light. 1. Cultures exposed to ultraviolet light and then to white light continue to grow at the normal rate. Cultures exposed to ultraviolet light and then placed in the dark grow at the normal rate for varying lengths of time, depending on conditions, and then lyse with the liberation of from 5 to 1000 phage particles per cell, depending on the culture medium. 2. Increasing the time of exposure to ultraviolet light results in an increase in the fraction of cells which lyse in the dark. The lysis time decreases at first, remains constant over a wide range of exposure, and then increases. The lysis can be prevented by visible light after short exposure, but not after long exposures. 3. The time required for lysis is independent of the cell concentration. 4. Effect of temperature. After exposure to ultraviolet the cell concentration increases about 4 times at 20 degrees , 30 degrees , or 35 degrees C., but only 1.5 to 2.0 times at 40-45 degrees . This is due to the fact that the growth rate of the culture reaches a maximum at 38 degrees while the lysis rate increases steadily up to 45 degrees . 5. Terramycin decreases the growth rate and lysis rate in proportion. 6. At pH 5.1, the cultures continue to grow slowly in the dark after exposure to ultraviolet light. 7. Megatherium sensitive cells infected with T phage lyse more rapidly than ultraviolet-treated 899a, and visible light does not affect the lysis time. The results agree with the assumption that exposure to ultraviolet results in the production of a toxic (mutagenic) substance inside the bacterial cell. This substance is inactivated by white light.
La poesía temprana de Carlos Pellicer: del cosmopolitismo exotista a la historicidad poética

Be early poetry of Carlos Pellicer exempli/es a fundamentalchange in Hispanic American poetry. His work reveals the transition betweenexotic, ahistorical cosmopolitism and a new poetry of historical consciousnessthat explores Hispanic America’s own history and reality. Speci/cally, “La elegiade tus ojos” (1914), “Imperial agonia” (1916) and “Oda a Cuauhtemoc” (1924)exemplify this new focus during the cosmopolitan period of Hispanic Americanpoetry. Upon comparing the exotic approach to indigenous history in the twoearlier poems with the socially compromised treatment that advocates continentalresistance to coloniality in “Oda a Cuauhtemoc”, I will illustrate thisrepresentative change in the early work of Pellicer.
Toward a Quality-of-Life Theory of Leisure Travel Satisfaction

This article proposes a quality-of-life (QOL) theory of leisure travel satisfaction based on goal theory. The proposed theory has four central principles: (1) selecting leisure travel goals that have high levels of positive valence, (2) selecting leisure travel goals that are very likely to be attained, (3) engaging in actions that would implement these leisure travel goals, and (4) engaging in actions that would allow the tourist to experience goal attainment. Numerous subprinciples are introduced in the context of these four major principles. A research agenda is discussed based on the overall theory. Managerial implications of this research are also discussed.
Energy-Efficient Clustering System Model and Reconfiguration Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks

By taking the data-receiving energy consumption into account, we propose an extended analytical model to derive the optimal parameters ? the number of clusters for wireless sensor networks. Our analyses show that the previous existing model underestimates the optimal number of clusters within a sensor network. The simulation results verify our analyses and demonstrate the modified model is more accurate in deriving the optimal number of clusters to maximize the network lifetime of the wireless sensor networks. Using our extended model, we also develop the energy-threshold-driven based clustering reconfiguration schemes with the optimal number of clusters to further improve the wireless sensor-network lifetime. The simulation experiments indicate that our clustering reconfiguration schemes outperform the existing ones in terms of sensor-network lifetime while imposing low overhead due to clustering reconfigurations.
Effect of target artery location and severity of stenosis on mid-term patency of aorta-anastomosed vs. internal thoracic artery-anastomosed radial artery grafts.

Objective: To verify the effect of location and severity of stenosis of the target coronary artery (TCA) on mid-term patency of aortaanastomosed vs. internal thoracic artery (ITA)-anastomosed radial artery (RA) graft. Methods: During a 3-year period 228 consecutive patients received an RA graft at our institution. In 131 cases the RA was anastomosed to the aorta whereas in 97 the proximal anastomosis was performed on a mammary graft. The two groups were comparable in terms of preoperative variables and TCA characteristics. At a mean follow-up of 6.5 years 128 cases of the aorta-anastomosed and 95 of the mammary-anastomosed group were submitted to control angiography. Results: Mid-term patency and perfect patency rates were 92.1 and 89.8% (118/128 and 115/128) for aorta-anastomosed RA vs. 86.3 and 84.2% for mammary-anastomosed grafts (82/95 and 80/95; P ¼ 0:81 and 0.82). The location of TCA did not influence graft patency in the two groups. The severity of the TCA stenosis strongly influenced graft patency in both groups but the threshold for failure was clearly higher in the mammary-anastomosed group. Conclusions: ITA-anastomosed RA grafts are more vulnerable to the detrimental effect of chronic native competitive flow and should be used only for target vessel with subocclusive stenosis. The location of the distal anastomosis does not influence long-term RA patency. q 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of Task Demands and Age on Vigilance and Subjective Workload

Sensory and cognitive vigilance were directly compared in two experiments. The question of whether sensory and cognitive vigilance task demands can be differentiated on the basis of perceived workload was also addressed. A third focus of the study was to investigate changes in sensory and cognitive vigilance across the adult life span. In Experiment 1 60 subjects from three age categories—young, middle, and elderly were studied. Experiment 2 consisted of 20 subjects from only the young and old age categories. Subjects performed a visual sensory and a cognitive vigilance task at low and high event rates. Each task used identical stimulus sets (pairs of digits) and differed only in the definition of a critical target. Task demands were a major determinant of vigilance performance. Cognitive vigilance was more resistant to decrement over time than sensory vigilance. On the other hand, the cognitive task was more adversely affected by high event rate than the sensory task. Older subjects had lower hit rates t...
Wave Transformation in an Open Channel Transition

Theoretical development and an experimental investigation are considered of the transformation of water-wave characteristics in the reflection transmission processes through a channel transition of constant width and gradually varying depth, connecting two prismatic channels of constant cross section. The theoretical development is based on small amplitude linearized shallow wave theory in an inviscid homogeneous and incompressible fluid. Reflection and transmission coefficients were derived theoretically on the basis of the above theory. A numerical evaluation of reflection and transmission coefficients shows fair agreement with the experimental findings.
Transitions of Shear Resistance in a Single-Asperity Contact

The shear force required to emit circular dislocation loops from the edge of a circular adhesive-contact zone is calculated analytically as a function of contact-zone radii. The emission condition is based on the balance of the configurational force and the Peierls force on a dislocation loop initiated at the edge of the adhesive contact zone. The analysis suggests that there is a transition, for a nanometer-scale single-asperity contact, from concurrent (mobile- dislocation-free) slip to single-dislocation-assisted (SDA) slip. The nanometer-scale friction stress (shear force required for slip/contact area), which experimentally is observed independent of normal loading and contact-zone size, is believed to be the stress required for concurrent slip. The analysis also predicts a second transition from SDA slip to multiple-dislocation-cooperated (MDC) slip at the scale of tens of micrometers in contact size. The friction stress at this large length scale has also been observed experimentally to be independent of normal loading and contact size; however, the friction stress at the nanometer scale is about 30 times that at the scale of tens of micrometers. The analysis is consistent with these experimental observations.
Engaging and educating patients in prostate imaging via social media.

Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a major health problem. A key challenge in PCa management is the over-treatment of indolent disease and under-treatment of aggressive disease. Increasingly, this challenge is being addressed by decision making guided by multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI). In numerous studies, mpMRI has accurately detected and staged PCa, and also directed the accurate sampling of suspicious prostate lesions via a targeted approach [1, 2]. These investigations have brought new strategies for PCa management, including image-guided active surveillance and image-guided focal therapy, into clinical use. While PCa patients are exposed to these new clinical paradigms using MRI, they still may have an incomplete understanding, or ongoing questions, regarding the role of imaging in their disease [3]. Although radiologists, who perform and interpret such imaging, are well positioned to address these issues and enhance patients’ understanding of prostate MRI, they do not routinely meet with PCa patients whose imaging exams they interpret. One way for radiologists to reach and educate PCa patients regarding MRI is through radiologist-led direct public education sessions [4]. However, considering the large number of men at risk or already diagnosed with PCa, such in-person group education may be insufficient for reaching the majority of patients. Social media provides an additional valuable source of patient information. Social media alternatives, including microblogging networks (e.g., Twitter ), social networks (e.g., Facebook ), and audiovisual networks (e.g., Youtube ), enable patients to rapidly search and access information regarding their diagnosis and treatment. Social media presents a powerful opportunity to establish connections between patients and their physicians, facilitating direct patient–physician communication and efficient patient education with up-to-date information. Nonetheless, efforts are required to ensure that the information available on social media platforms be correct, objective, and evidence-based. In order to foster the engagement and education of PCa patients regarding the growing role of imaging in their condition, the Society of Abdominal Radiology’s Prostate Cancer Disease Focus Panel has created a Twitter account ‘‘@SAR_ProstateDFP.’’ This social media account will allow radiologists, who are experts in PCa imaging, to share the most up-to-date, objective, evidence-based information regarding imaging with their patients and quickly address patients’ questions and concerns.
A Survey on the Nutrition and Health Status of Shanghai Residents in 2002

Objective To investigate dietary patterns,the nutritional status and nutrition-related diseases of Shanghai residents. To provide information for shaping the relevant national policies and guiding the people’s healthy dietary. Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster random household sampling survey was performed,including questionnaire,physical examine, laboratory assay,dietary survey,and so on. Results The animal products consumption of Shanghai residents was increased. The average intake of animal products per reference man per day was 408.9 g. The intake of milk 100.3 g and fruits 108.1 g,which was adequate to the recommend dayly intake(RDI). The intake of meat is 136.8 g,oil 49.6 g and salt 9.9 g,which was excessive to the RDI. But the intake of cereals 339.0 g and vegetables 309.9 g,were not enough. The average intake of energy,protein,fat and most of nutrients per reference man per day was adequate,but that of calcium and vitamin B1 was still low. The incidence of malnutrition and osteoporosis was low,at 6.4% and 7.6% respectively. But that of overweight,obesity,hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia was high,at 29.2%,3.8%,31.3%,8.1% and 25.3% respectively. Conclusion Although the nutritional status of Shanghai residents was improved a lot,there were still some problems in the dietary patterns of Shanghai people. The average intake of basic nutrients per reference man per day was adequate,but that of some nutrients was deficient. The increase of the incidence of nutrition-related chronic diseases will be an important public health problem in Shanghai.
Preoperative evaluation of the surgical patient.

Thorough preoperative evaluation of patients undergoing cutaneous surgery is essential and should include tumor assessment and review of anatomic considerations. Additionally, a thorough medical history and physical examination may help avert unnecessary complications. Finally, careful patient education measures allow for allaying patient anxiety. Attention given to these aspects of cutaneous surgery greatly enhances patient satisfaction and physician gratification with the performed procedure.
Space-time correction for reactivity determination in source-driven subcritical systems

The presence of a localized spallation source in an accelerator-driven subcritical system leads to significant spatial variations in the power distribution and invalidates the simple point-kinetics approach. To eliminate higher-harmonics contamination in the detector response and to account properly for spatial and spectral effects in reactivity determination, a method directly combining measurements with numerical simulations of the experimental data is developed through a quasi-static formulation. The method provides space-time correction to a variety of traditional point-kinetics techniques and determines the reactivity essentially independent of the detector position, as long as sufficiently accurate information on the reactor configuration is provided. In the current work, the space-time corrections are derived for two well-known point-kinetics methods: area-ratio technique and α-method. Numerical simulations performed with the FX2-TH diffusion theory code along with a space-time analysis of MUSE-4 pulsed source experimental data illustrate the applicability of the proposed methods for the determination of significant subcriticality levels in fast and thermal reactor systems.
Unpacking the dynamics of successful change: ten insights from the private sector

The aim of this book is to catalyze global interest in the pursuit of transformational changes in natural resource and environmental management. It is shown that transformational policy reforms involve fundamental shifts in strategy with far-reaching consequences for the structure of industries, the way people behave, and the resources they use. Transformational reforms typically involve a decision to change a suite of institutional arrangements that will result, within a short period of time, in a paradigm shift and the emergence of an approach that will be recognized as being totally different to the arrangements that were previously in place. Transformational change is well established in business and can deliver outstanding results. In the world of policy development, however, many transformational policy reforms flounder. Unlike incremental policy reforms, they are often seen to be politically risky and prone to failure. Using examples of success and failure, coupled with insights from practitioners and academics who have succeeded in getting transformational reforms implemented, this book presents a set of guidelines for excellence in the pursuit of transformational policy reforms. It includes detailed case studies from Australia, China, Europe, New Zealand, Southeast Asia, and the United States.
Introducing a Clinical Course-Graphing Scale for DSM-5 Mood Disorders.

Assessment of clinical course to aid in the diagnosis of patients and to guide treatment planning has gained momentum in recent years. A course-graphing scale for the DSM-5 Mood Disorders is presen...
Changes in physiology, molecular biology, and biochemistry associated with maize seedlings germinated from freeze-damaged seed

v CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organizatioii I Overview of Plants and Freezing I Project Goals 11 References 13 CHAPTER 2. REDUCED VL^ILITY IN IMMATURE MAIZE SEED INDUCED BY FREEZING STRESS 18 Abstract 18 Introduction 19 Materials and Methods 21 Results 25 Discussion 29 Conclusions 37 Acknowledgements 38 References 39 CHAPTER 3. CHANGES IN CATALASE ISOZYME PROFILES IN LIGHT AND DARK GROWN MAIZE SEEDLINGS GERMINATED FROM SEED EXPOSED TO FREEZING STRESS 42 Abstract 42 Introduction 43 Materials and Methods 47 Results 53 Discussion 63 Conclusions 72 Acknowledgements 73 References 74 CHAPTER 4. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF DEHYDRIN-LDCE PROTEINS EST MAIZE SEEDLINGS GERMINATED FROM FREEZE-DAMAGED SEED 77
National Databases for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research: Options, Strengths, and Limitations.

Background Quality improvement, value-based care delivery, and personalized patient care depend on robust clinical, financial, and demographic data streams of neurosurgical outcomes. The neurosurgical literature lacks a comprehensive review of large national databases. Objective To assess the strengths and limitations of various resources for outcomes research in neurosurgery. Methods A review of the literature was conducted to identify surgical outcomes studies using national data sets. The databases were assessed for the availability of patient demographics and clinical variables, longitudinal follow-up of patients, strengths, and limitations. Results The number of unique patients contained within each data set ranged from thousands (Quality Outcomes Database [QOD]) to hundreds of millions (MarketScan). Databases with both clinical and financial data included PearlDiver, Premier Healthcare Database, Vizient Clinical Data Base and Resource Manager, and the National Inpatient Sample. Outcomes collected by databases included patient-reported outcomes (QOD); 30-day morbidity, readmissions, and reoperations (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program); and disease incidence and disease-specific survival (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare). The strengths of large databases included large numbers of rare pathologies and multi-institutional nationally representative sampling; the limitations of these databases included variable data veracity, variable data completeness, and missing disease-specific variables. Conclusion The improvement of existing large national databases and the establishment of new registries will be crucial to the future of neurosurgical outcomes research.
Diurnal Variations of Thermal Roughness Height over a Grassland

The thermal roughness height associated with the surface radiation temperature has been previously found to vary between different surface types. This study finds that the thermal roughness height varies diurnally even over a homogeneous senescent grassland. The corresponding roughness length for momentum is relatively constant. Both the aerodynamic temperature and the surface radiation temperature are found to be closely related to the air temperature in the middle of the grass canopy. However, the aerodynamic temperature is strongly influenced by the horizontally integrated heat transfer, while the surface radiation temperature represents the integrated thermal emission through the grass depth within the field of view of the radiometer. The aerodynamic temperature is less sensitive to variations and measurement errors in sensible heat flux, wind speed, and air temperature than the thermal roughness height. We find that formulating the aerodynamic temperature in terms of the surface radiation temperature is better posed for use in the bulk formula than using the surface radiation temperature directly and adjusting the thermal roughness length.
Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of the Integrin Marker 64Cu-BaBaSar-RGD2 Determined from Whole-Body PET/CT in a Non-Human Primate

Introduction: 64Cu-BaBaSar-RGD2 is a positron emission radiotracer taken up by integrin αvβ3, which is overexpressed in many malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodistribution of 64Cu-BaBaSar-RGD2 in a non-human primate with positron emission tomography and to estimate the absorbed doses in major organs for human. Materials and methods: Whole-body PET imaging was done in a Siemens Biograph scanner in a male macaque monkey. After an i.v. injection of 13.1–19.7 MBq/kg of 64Cu-BaBaSar-RGD2, whole body scan was collected for a total duration of 180 min. Attenuation and scatter corrections were applied to reconstruction of the whole-body emission scan. After image reconstruction, three-dimensional volumes of interest (VOI) were hand-drawn on the PET transaxial or coronal slices of the frame where the organ was most conspicuous. Time-activity curves for each VOI were obtained, and residence time of each organ was calculated by integration of the time-activity curves. Human absorbed doses were estimated using the standard human model in OLINDA/EXM software. Results: Injection of 64Cu-BaBaSar-RGD2 was well tolerated in the macaque monkey, with no serious tracer-related adverse events observed. 64Cu-BaBaSar-RGD2 was cleared rapidly from the blood pool, with a 12.1-min biological half-time. Increased 64Cu-BaBaSar-RGD2 uptake was observed in the kidneys, and bladder, with mean percentage injected dose (ID%) values at 1 h after injection approximately 35.50 ± 6.47 and 36.89 ± 5.48, respectively. The calculated effective dose was 15.30 ± 2.21 µSv/MBq, and the kidneys had the highest absorbed dose at 108.43 ± 16.41 µGy/MBq using the non-voiding model. For an injected activity of 925 MBq 64Cu for human, the effective dose would be 14.2 ± 2.1 mSv. Discussion: Due to the limitation of the monkey number, we evaluated 64Cu-BaBaSar-RGD2 in the same monkey of three imaging sessions. Measured absorbed doses and effective doses of 64Cu-BaBaSar-RGD2 are comparable to other reported RGD-derived radiopharmaceuticals labeled with 64Cu and 18F. Therefore, 64Cu-BaBaSar-RGD2 can be safely injected into humans for studying integrin αvβ3 expression non-invasively.
The Impact of Hip Abduction Elastic-resisted Neuromuscular Feedback on Frontal Plane Knee Kinematics in Female Volleyball Athletes

**Background**: In female athletes, the knee is one of the most commonly injured areas of the body. Uncontrolled frontal plane knee motion or “valgus collapse” has been identified as a risk factor for knee injury. This movement pattern has been observed in cases of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in athletes and it has also been linked to the development of patellofemoral pain syndrome. While often seen during a body-weight squatting maneuver, the valgus collapse is magnified when the athlete either lands from a jump or attempts to accelerate into a jump. Knee injury prevention programs that emphasize knee separation have shown the ability to reduce the effect of the loss of valgus control and are associated with a decrease in knee injury risk. **Purpose**: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of hip elastic-resisted neuromuscular feedback on frontal plane knee abduction during a counter jump maneuver. **Design**: Randomized, controlled repeated measure. **Methods**: In total, 20 female volleyball athletes (mean age, 16.4 +/- 1.6 years; age range, 15–18 years) were included in this study under the following condition: athletes should have had a pain-free dysfunctional squatting pattern with no signs of structural dysfunction. During a drop-jump test, the distance between the hips, knees, and ankles was measured via video analysis software. The separation distance between the knees (mid-patella width) and ankles (lateral malleolus width) was normalized by the hip separation (greater trochanter width) distance and measured at pre-landing, landing, and takeoff. Athletes were randomized into either a control group or a neuromuscular intervention group; a SquatGuide was used and variable resistance was manually applied to the distal femur to resist hip abduction by means of an elastic band. Before a volleyball practice session, the athletes in the neuromuscular intervention group performed 30 repetitions of a deep squat with variable resistance manually applied around the distal thighs; the SquatGuide was used to provide feedback on proper lower-quarter positioning. During this period, the control group did not participate in any activity. The jump landing characteristics of both groups were immediately re-examined before practice and again at 60 min at the conclusion of practice. **Results**: The means and standard deviations for the absolute distances (measures in centimeters) of knee and ankle separation and for the normalized knee and ankle separation were calculated. There was no corre- lation between the distance in the knee and ankle separation for each of the jump-land sequences. After squat training, statistically significant increases were found in the absolute distance (P < .001) and the nor- malized knee and ankle separation distance (P < .001) for all phases of the jump-land sequence, both imme- diately following the training and at 60 min after training.
Quantitative, clinically relevant acoustic measurements of focal embouchure dystonia.

Background Focal embouchure dystonia impairs orofacial motor control in wind musicians and causes professional disability. A paucity of quantitative measures or rating scales impedes the objective assessment of treatment efficacy. Objectives We quantified specific features of focal embouchure dystonia using acoustic measures and developed a metric to assess severity across multiple domains of symptomatic impairment. Methods We recruited 9 brass musicians with and 6 without embouchure dystonia. The following 4 domains of symptomatic dysfunction in focal embouchure dystonia were identified: pitch inaccuracy, sound instability and tremor, sound breaks, and timing variability. Musicians performed sustained tones and sequences, and then acoustic variables within each domain were quantified. A composite brass acoustic severity score composed of these variables was validated against clinical global impressions of severity. Results Musicians with dystonia performed worse in acoustic domains of pitch inaccuracy (median: dystonia = 100%, control = 62%), instability (median shimmer: dystonia = 3%, control = 2%), and breaks (median: dystonia = 0.34%, control = 0.05%). Tremor in embouchure dystonia was 5 to 8 Hz, intermittent, and variable in amplitude. Rhythmic variability did not differ between groups. Participants with embouchure dystonia had different patterns of impairment across variables. Composite severity scores strongly predicted clinical global impression of severity (R2 = 0.95). Conclusions Acoustic variables distinguish musicians with embouchure dystonia from controls and reflect different types of symptomatic impairments. Our composite acoustic severity score predicts severity of clinical global impression for musicians with different patterns of symptomatic impairment and may provide a foundation for developing a clinical rating scale. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Coca-Cola Hellenic reputation case study

A company’s success with customers, consumers, suppliers, authorities and all relevant stakeholders depends on its reputation. In Europe, public trust in companies has eroded over the past 20 years. Reversing this trend since its creation in 2000, Coca-Cola Hellenic has succeeded in establishing long-lasting, trusting relationships with many of its stakeholders across its 28 diverse countries of operation. This chapter shows how the company is developing mutually beneficial partnerships within its four CSR action areas of marketplace, workplace, environment and community.
Coupled 7-Core Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier and Its Characterization

We demonstrate a coupled 7-core erbium-doped-fiber amplifier (EDFA) with the gain of higher than 15 dB and noise figure (NF) of 4.5 to 5.2 dB. The NF is lower than the previously reported coupled-multicore EDFA.
Impact of advanced age on microvascular reconstruction of the lower facial third: An American College of Surgeons NSQIP study.

BACKGROUND Microvascular reconstruction is the standard of care in head and neck reconstruction, though its perioperative safety in an older population has been controversial due to safety concerns, warranting further investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS An "older" (≥71 years) cohort undergoing reconstruction after mandibulectomy/glossectomy was compared to the remaining population in a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2008-2016) analysis. Cases required both a mandibulectomy/glossectomy and microvascular or local flap reconstruction (exclusion criteria: missing ages and simultaneous microvascular and local flap reconstruction). Demographics, comorbidities, and procedure types were analyzed on 985 patients (236 [24.4%] were ≥71). Outcomes were compared by reconstruction type. Regressions were performed calculating the impact of age on length of hospital stay (LOHS) and operative time. RESULTS Ablative procedures were comparable, but older patients received local flaps at higher rates (22.5% vs. 9.6%; p < .001). The older population had more comorbidities (higher ASA class [p < .001], diabetes [p < .001], and hypertension [p < .001]). After Bonferroni correction, univariate subgroup analyses of soft tissue and bone/composite microvascular flaps revealed similar outcomes (except increased medical complications in the older cohort undergoing a bone free flap [p = .002]). Controlling for a variety of factors, older age resulted in longer LOHS (B: 1.4 days; 95% CI: 0.1-2.8 days; p = .035), but not operative time (B: -21.90 min; 95% CI: -52.76 to 8.96 min; p = .164). CONCLUSION While increased age (≥70 years) was associated with a longer LOHS, complication rates were comparable. Although limited by the retrospective nature, evidence supports microvascular reconstruction in the elderly population with comparable outcomes.
Oral and dental findings in emanuel syndrome.

Emanuel Syndrome (ES; OMIM# 609029) is a rare disorder caused by an unbalanced chromosomal translocation [supernumerary der(22)t(11,22)] and characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities. With limited published cases and low prevalence (1:110 000), detailed ES-associated oro-dental findings have not previously been reported. This is a case report of a 14-year-old boy with ES who presented with congenital cardiac, renal, auditory, musculoskeletal problems, and global developmental delay. The patient was managed with risperidone, melatonin, omeprazole, guanfacine, and oxcarbazepine. Anxiety-associated self-injurious behaviour was seen along with stereotypic hand movements. Consistent with previous reports, microcephaly and micrognathia were noted. Oro-facial cleft or gross asymmetry, however, was not observed. Significant oro-dental findings included delayed eruption of primary and permanent teeth, oligodontia (two erupted and five unerupted permanent teeth), and short-root anomaly of central incisors. The patient demonstrated anxiety-triggered bruxism with generalized attrition. This case report provides a comprehensive list of systemic ES findings along with oro-dental manifestations, which have previously not been reported in detail.
Residual-based variational multi-scale modeling for particle-laden gravity currents over flat and triangular wavy terrains

Abstract In this paper, a numerical formulation for simulating dilute particle-laden gravity currents at large Reynolds number (Re) is developed using a residual-based variational multi-scale formulation (RBVMS), in which the coupling between the velocity fine scales and density concentration equation residual is represented. The proposed formulation is utilized to simulate the lock-exchange particle-laden gravity currents at R e = 10 , 000 . Firstly, we validated the proposed formulation by simulating the gravity currents over flat terrain. Flow statistics are thoroughly compared against high-resolution simulation results such as DNS or experimental results in the literature. It shows the RBVMS formulation presented here can reproduce quite accurate results with much lower mesh resolution. Then, the particle-laden gravity currents over triangular wavy terrains with changing wave heights are simulated. The effect of the wave height on the flow statistics is investigated.
Extreme Orographic Rainfall in the Eastern Andes Tied to Cold Air Intrusions

Long-duration localized heavy rainfall (> 6 hours, < 10 km2) was recorded by raingauges on October 4, 2013 at mid-elevations (~1,500 m) in the Peruvian Andes, which was not apparent in infrared or microwave measurements from either geostationary or polar orbiting satellites. This spring event is investigated here through a numerical modeling study using the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model, and examined in the context of the climatology of Cold Air Intrusions (CAIs) along the eastern flanks of the tropical Andes. The model results suggest significant precipitation enhancement from intense shallow convection at the CAI frontal boundary amplified by orographic lifting as it propagates northward latched to the slopes of Andes. Analysis of CAI mesoscale dynamics was conducted using four decades of European Center Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis, Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) data products, and rain-gauge observations with emphasis on characterizing year-round CAI frequency, CAI interactions with Andes topography, and their impact on orographic precipitation climatology. The data show a robust enhancement of the diurnal cycle of precipitation during CAI events in all seasons, and in particular increases in surface rainfall rate during early morning at intermediate elevations (~ 1,500 m), that is the eastern Andes orographic maximum. This link between CAI frequency and rainfall suggests that they play an important role in maintaining the Andes to Amazon year-round terrestrial connectivity through runoff production and transport by the river networks.
Methods for deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for backward bifurcation.

Backward bifurcation has significant implications for disease control. Deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for backward bifurcation is of paramount importance to understand the reasons for...
Multiple Barrier Function Certificates for Forward Invariance in Hybrid Inclusions

As a continuation of [1] and using multiple barrier functions, this paper studies forward invariance in hybrid systems modeled by hybrid inclusions. After introducing the notion of a multiple barrier function, we propose sufficient conditions to guarantee different forward invariance properties of a closed set for hybrid systems with nonuniqueness of solutions, solutions terminating prematurely, and Zeno solutions. More precisely, we consider forward (pre-)invariance of sets, which guarantees solutions to stay in a set, and (pre-)contractivity, which further requires solutions that stay in the boundary of the set to evolve (continuously or discretely) towards its interior. Our conditions for forward invariance involve infinitesimal conditions in terms of multiple barrier functions while our conditions for pre-contractivity (and contractivity) involve Minkowski functionals. Examples illustrate the results.
Intrinsically undamped plasmon modes in narrow electron bands.

Surface plasmons in 2-dimensional electron systems with narrow Bloch bands feature an interesting regime in which Landau damping (dissipation via electron-hole pair excitation) is completely quenched. This surprising behavior is made possible by strong coupling in narrow-band systems characterized by large values of the "fine structure" constant [Formula: see text] Dissipation quenching occurs when dispersing plasmon modes rise above the particle-hole continuum, extending into the forbidden energy gap that is free from particle-hole excitations. The effect is predicted to be prominent in moire graphene, where at magic twist-angle values, flat bands feature [Formula: see text] The extinction of Landau damping enhances spatial optical coherence. Speckle-like interference, arising in the presence of disorder scattering, can serve as a telltale signature of undamped plasmons directly accessible in near-field imaging experiments.
Microwave Oscillator Based on a Single Straintronic Magnetotunneling Junction

On-chip microwave oscillators are ubiquitous in embedded communication systems found in $e.g.$ mobile phones, medically implanted devices, and defense electronics. They are usually built with operational amplifiers consisting of several transistors and other circuit elements that consume much of a chip's area, and dissipate excessive energy. This work demonstrates a fresh approach for implementing a microwave oscillator that requires only a single magnetotunneling junction and a passive resistor. Its output oscillation shows exceptional spectral purity, with nearly a single frequency component.
How to Prepare a Compelling Book Proposal

A book proposal is a valuable document that captures the central idea and structure of a book. The proposal allows the publisher to perform an initial assessment of the idea to determine whether the book project is worthy of the resources required. Authors and editors must answer a number of questions before undertaking a book project. Why is a book needed? Who would buy the book? What is the best format for the book? Although different publishers use different formats for book proposals, the essential elements of the book proposal remain the same. This chapter proffers general guidance for strategizing and preparing a book proposal. A compelling book proposal serves as the initial impetus for the impact of a book. Done well, a book can inform readers, influence a field, and impact beneficiaries, whether individual patients or entire populations, now and in the future.
Why Social Media Is Ruining Your Life

Katherine Omerod’s Why Social Media Is Ruining Your Life takes a cursory look into social networks and their effects on mental health and day-to-day life. As a fashion blogger who uses Instagram as the main source of her business, Omerod uses both personal accounts and academic research to address current issues and bad behaviors developed through frequent social network use. Omerod’s main argument is that social media exaggerates self-esteem and mental health issues. She discusses how social networking sites such as Facebook and Instagram interact with the brain like an addiction.
Sex-determining genes distinctly regulate courtship capability and target preference via sexually dimorphic neurons

For successful mating, a male animal must execute effective courtship behaviors toward a receptive target sex, which is female. Whether the courtship execution capability and upregulation of courtship toward females are specified through separable sex-determining genetic pathways remains uncharacterized. Here, we found that one of the two Drosophila sex-determining genes, doublesex (dsx), specifies a male-specific neuronal component that serves as an execution mechanism for courtship behavior, whereas fruitless (fru) is required for enhancement of courtship behavior toward females. The dsx-dependent courtship execution mechanism includes a specific subclass within a neuronal cluster that co-express dsx and fru. This cluster contains at least another subclass that is specified cooperatively by both dsx and fru. Although these neuronal populations can also promote aggressive behavior toward male flies, this capacity requires fru-dependent mechanisms. Our results uncover how sex-determining genes specify execution capability and female-specific enhancement of courtship behavior through separable yet cooperative neurogenetic mechanisms.
Influence of interface induced valley-Zeeman and spin-orbit couplings on transport in heterostructures of graphene on WSe 2

We investigate the electronic dispersion and transport properties of graphene/${\mathrm{WSe}}_{2}$ heterostructures in the presence of a proximity induced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) using a low-energy Hamiltonian, with different types of symmetry breaking terms, obtained from a four-band, first and second nearest-neighbour tight-binding (TB) one. The competition between different perturbation terms leads to inverted SOC bands. Further, we study the effect of symmetry breaking terms on ac and dc transport by evaluating the corresponding conductivities within linear response theory. The scattering-independent part of the valley-Hall conductivity, as a function of the Fermi energy ${E}_{F}$, is mostly negative in the ranges $\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{R}\ensuremath{\leqslant}{E}_{F}$ and ${E}_{F}\ensuremath{\geqslant}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{R}$ when the strength ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{R}$ of the Rashba SOC increases except for a very narrow region around ${E}_{F}=0$ in which it peaks sharply upward. The scattering-dependent diffusive conductivity increases linearly with electron density, is directly proportional to ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{R}$ in the low- and high-density regimes, but weakens for ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{R}=0$. We investigate the optical response in the presence of a SOC-tunable band gap for variable ${E}_{F}$. An interesting feature of this SOC tuning is that it can be used to switch on and off the Drude-type intraband response. Furthermore, the ac conductivity exhibits interband responses due to the Rashba SOC. We also show that the valley-Hall conductivity changes sign when ${E}_{F}$ is comparable to ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{R}$ and vanishes at higher values of ${E}_{F}$. It also exhibits a strong dependence on temperature and a considerable structure as a function of the frequency.
Patient with Liver Failure

Management of acute and chronic pain in a patient with liver failure is challenging. There is little research to help provide an evidence based treatment. There can be potential fatal complications from analgesia in these patients leading to hepatic encephalopathy, GI bleeding and hepatorenal syndrome. Treating pain can be medically complex due to pharmacologic, metabolic, excretion, biopsychosocial and systemic factors. Appropriate treatment of patient’s pain can successfully be accomplished with dose adjustments and avoidance of specific analgesics.
Seyssel on Tyranny in the Monarchy of France

Seyssel on tyranny. While French kings may have absolute power, it is in fact restrained by the powers of religion, good laws (justice), and polity, that is, Aristotle’s notion of “mixed government,” or shared powers in all three forms of government. The tyrant or “bad prince” is dull, witless, and corruptly depraved.
Can Information Improve Governance? A Field Experiment in Mali

The benefits to democracy accrue when voters discipline leaders at the ballot box. For this to occur, voters must have some understanding of the electoral institution and enough information about leaders to choose wisely. While ballot boxes have spread throughout the developing world in recent years, leaders often remain undisciplined. I conduct a field experiment in one young democracy, Mali, to test whether providing these two types of information change voting behavior and ultimately government performance. 64 randomly assigned communes across two regions of Mali received a two-part civics course. Half of communes were assigned to the first treatment, with only information about the basics of democracy and responsibilities of local government, while the second treatment added a component about relative government performance. Impacts are measured through 5,700 individual-level surveys, structured observations at 95 town hall meetings and surveys with village and commune leaders. Preliminary results confirm existing evidence that voter behavior is malleable: information about local democracy led voters to value high-performing candidates more, making it harder for low-performing candidates to buy their vote. Citizens in treated communes are more likely to challenge their leaders, but not any more likely to engage in civic activities, perhaps because of high opportunity costs. A new finding generated by a list experiment in leader surveys suggests that incumbents in treated communes are less likely to be transparent than their counterparts in control communes. This could mean governance outcomes decline in the short-term but improve once a new equilibrium is established where voters tolerate bad behavior less and politicians behave badly less often. I will continue to evaluate these claims as new data becomes available. This analysis is preliminary as I am still receiving data from the field. I will post updates and papers on my website or you can email me at jgott@stanford.edu for further information.
Seeded Biopsy Tract Recurrence After Extirpative Surgery for Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Renal mass biopsy (RMB) is an increasingly utilized modality in the work-up of patients with suspicious renal masses. Recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from biopsy tract seeding is exceedingly rare in the literature. We report a case of such a phenomenon. Case Presentation: Our patient is a 75-year-old Caucasian man and former smoker with a functionally solitary left kidney, initially worked up for gross hematuria and left flank pain. Imaging revealed hydronephrosis and a left renal mass, which was biopsied. Pathology analysis demonstrated clear cell RCC, and a left robotic radical nephrectomy was performed with negative surgical margins. Sixteen months postoperatively, imaging revealed multiple small masses along the biopsy tract, suspicious for recurrence. These were biopsied and pathology analysis confirmed recurrent clear cell RCC. Conclusion: Despite its rarity, biopsy tract seeding is a serious complication of RMB. This warrants thorough counseling and shared decision making between providers and all patients with renal masses planning to undergo a RMB.