cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of low level prenatal X-irradiation on postnatal growth in the Wistar rat

Forty-five pregnant Wistar strain rats were exposed to 0.0, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 Gy X-radiation on the 9th or 17th day of gestation to determined if prenatal X-irradiation would result in alterations in postnatal growth or growth rate. The mothers delivered their offspring, and the litters were reduced to a maximum of eight per litter on the second postnatal day. The 336 offspring were weighed weekly from day 3 until day 86, at which time they were killed, an autopsy was performed, and selected organs were removed and weighed. Postnatal growth rates did not differ significantly in irradiated offspring compared to sham irradiated animals. Irradiation on the 9th day, at any of the 3 dosage levels, did not result in significant differences in weekly weight. Weekly weight remained significantly lower due to irradiation on the 17th day of gestation. The gonadal weight ratio was significantly reduced in males irradiated on the 9th day. There were not other statistically significant changes in organ weight or organ/body weight ratios due to these levels of prenatal X-irradiation on the 9th or 17th day of pregnancy. These results indicate that low level prenatal X-irradiation, on the 17th day of rat gestation, causes prenatal growth more » retardation, evident at birth, which is not recuperable postnatally. Exposure to x-radiation at this time, however, does not affect the rate at which offspring grow during postnatal life. Offspring are smaller because they never fully recover from the original radiation-induced prenatal growth retardation. « less
Superfast 3D absolute shape measurement using five binary patterns

Abstract This paper presents a method that recovers high-quality 3D absolute coordinates point by point with only five binary patterns. Specifically, three dense binary dithered patterns are used to compute the wrapped phase; and the average intensity is combined with two additional binary patterns to determine fringe order pixel by pixel in phase domain. The wrapped phase is temporarily unwrapped point by point by referring to the fringe order. We further developed a computational framework to reduce random noise impact due to dithering, defocusing and random noise. Since only five binary fringe patterns are required to recover one 3D frame, extremely high speed 3D shape measurement can be achieved. For example, we developed a system that captures 2D images at 3333 Hz, and thus performs 3D shape measurement at 667 Hz.
MICROBIOLOGICAL CRITERIA IN USDA REGULATORY PROGRAMS FOR MEAT AND POULTRY

Whereas food agencies must consider the consumer first, the expertise in microbiology lies instead in the universities, the government, and the industry. Scientists should make a point of showing businessmen many of the aspects of microbiological control that would show an economic advantage. Control of contamination and time-temperature abuse can be related indirectly to health hazard. Control of microbial level maintains natural food flavors. Low microbial level increases the shelf life of chilled products to a marked degree. The Consumer Protection Programs of the Consumer and Marketing Service (C&MS) have many microbiological control procedures built into them: General sanitation, separation of cooked from raw products, requirement for a midshift clean-up (with a bacteriological monitoring system as an alternative), cooking requirements, and labeling requirements. A recent development is the decision to extend microbiological control to the use of microbiological criteria. Microbiological criteria can...
A cyber-physical architecture for industry 4.0-based power equipments detection system

Since conventional methods of power equipment detection suffer from low test efficiency, time-consuming transportation, high security risks and long reporting cycle, it hardly meet the need of highly reliable and efficient detection of power equipments in smart grids. To solve the problem, a cyber-physical architecture for industry 4.0-based power equipments detection system is proposed in this manuscript. It integrates many kinds of technologies, including virtual instrumentation, detection & measurement, mechanical and electrical integration, network communication and mobile client. Power equipment flexible system in this paper contains intelligent test, sample transitions, information management and security technology as a whole. Owing to the overall optimization of detection process, the system can rapidly change detection patterns and adjust detection functions, meeting the needs of 19 kinds electrical devices test and quality inspection, with the advantages of efficiency, flexibility, professionalization, economic, and security. Compared to conventional method and flexible detection technology, the average test saves 2 ∼ 3 people, and the detection efficiency is improved at least 300%.
Binge-drinking and non-partner aggression are associated with gambling among Veterans with recent substance use in VA outpatient treatment.

Abstract Background Gambling is relatively under-assessed in Veterans Affairs (VA) substance use disorder (SUD) treatment settings, yet shared characteristics with substance addiction suggest the importance of understanding how gambling behaviors present in Veterans seeking SUD care. Method We evaluated substance use, mental health, and violence-related correlates of past 30-day gambling among 833 Veterans (93% male, M age 48 years, 72% Caucasian) seeking treatment in VA outpatient mental health and SUD clinics who completed screening for a randomized clinical trial. Results A total of 288 (35%) Veterans reported past 30-day gambling. Among those who gambled, 79% had cravings/urges to gamble, whereas between 20%–27% of gamblers reported perceived relationship, legal, and daily life problems related to gambling, as well as difficulty controlling gambling. A logistic regression analysis revealed that age, recent binge-drinking, and non-partner physical aggression were associated with recent gambling. Conclusions Gambling was associated with binge-drinking and non-partner physical aggression, supporting potential shared characteristics among these behaviors such as impulsivity and risk-taking, which may complicate SUD treatment engagement and effectiveness. Findings support the need to screen for gambling in the VA, and to adapt treatments to include gambling as a potential behavioral target or relapse trigger, particularly among heavy drinking patients.
Practical Context-Aware Permission Control for Hybrid Mobile Applications

The rapid growth of mobile computing has resulted in the development of new programming paradigms for quick and easy development of mobile applications. Hybrid frameworks, such as PhoneGap, allow the use of web technologies for development of applications with native access to device's resources. These untrusted third-party applications desire access to user's data and device's resources, leaving the content vulnerable to accidental or malicious leaks by the applications. The hybrid frameworks present new opportunities to enhance the security of mobile platforms by providing an application-layer runtime for controlling an application's behavior. In this work, we present a practical design of a novel framework, named MobileIFC, for building privacy-preserving hybrid applications for mobile platforms. We use information flow models to control what untrusted applications can do with the information they receive. We utilize the framework to develop a fine-grained, context-sensitive permission model that enables users and application developers to specify rich policies. We show the viability of our design by means of a framework prototype. The usability of the framework and the permission model is further evaluated by developing sample applications using the framework APIs. Our evaluation and experience suggests that MobileIFC provides a practical and performant security solution for hybrid mobile applications.
In vivo Evaluation of an Engineered Cyclotide as Specific CXCR4 Imaging Reagent

The CXCR4 chemokine receptor plays a key regulatory role in many biological functions, including embryonic development and controlling leukocyte functions during inflammation and immunity. CXCR4 has been also associated with multiple types of cancers where its overexpression/activation promotes metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor growth and/or survival. Furthermore, CXCR4 is involved in HIV replication, as it is a co-receptor for viral entry into host cells. Altogether, these features make CXCR4 a very attractive target for the development of imaging and therapeutic agents. Here, the in vivo evaluation of the MCoTI-based cyclotide, MCo-CVX-5c, for the development of imaging agents that target CXCR4 is reported. Cyclotide MCo-CVX-5c is a potent CXCR4 antagonist with a remarkable in vivo resistance to biological degradation in serum. A [64 Cu]-DOTA-labeled version of this cyclotide demonstrated high and significant uptake in U87-stb-CXCR4 tumors compared to the control U87 tumors. Furthermore, protracted imaging studies demonstrated radiotracer retention in the U87-stb-CXCR4 tumor at 24 h post injection. Uptake in U87-stb-CXCR4 tumors could be blocked by unlabeled MCo-CVX-5c, showing high in vivo specificity. These results demonstrate the in vivo specificity and retention of a bioactive molecularly targeted cyclotide and highlight the potential of bioactive cyclotides for the development of new imaging agents that target CXCR4.
Hazardous Drug Contamination of Drug Preparation Devices and Staff: A Contamination Study Simulating the Use of Chemotherapy Drugs in a Clinical Setting:

Background: Hazardous drug contamination (HD) in healthcare environments continues, placing healthcare staff at risk of significantly chronic health problems, despite the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and closed system transfer device systems (CSTDs). Objective: This study's aim was to determine how HD might spread through touch after handling contaminated vials in simulated pharmacy and nursing environments. Methods: UV fluorescent powder Glo Germ (Glo Germ Co., Moab, UT), composed of melamine resin, was used to simulate HD. Following manufacturer's exact usage specifications, five commercially available CSTDs were tested in the simulated pharmaceutical preparation environment under controlled conditions. UV fluorescence was used to detect the test medium powder that simulated HD following each trial. Photographs, using a Nikon D40X (10.2 mp) camera, were taken at selected stages of testing to document the presence of HD. Results: Transfer of the HD testing medium (Glo Germ) to IV sets, pharmacy PPE, and nursing PPE was observed in 4 of 5 CSTDs tested. The only CSTDs that showed no observable contamination was the Allison Medical Safety Enclosed Vial Adapter (SEVA) system (Littleton, CO). Conclusions: Results show residue from HD vials spread as vial was handled in a pharmacy environment in 4 of 5 CSTDs, contaminating pharmacy PPE, ancillary products, and nursing PPE. No HD residue was detected on PPE, ancillary products, or nursing PPE in the pharmacy after using the SEVA system, providing an effective means to contain HD for drug transfer from vial to delivery system.
Optimized anion exchange column isolation of zirconium-89 (89Zr) from yttrium cyclotron target: Method development and implementation on an automated fluidic platform.

Abstract Zirconium-89 (89Zr), produced by the (p, n) reaction from naturally monoisotopic yttrium (natY), is a promising positron emitting isotope for immunoPET imaging. Its long half-life of 78.4 h is sufficient for evaluating slow physiological processes. A prototype automated fluidic system, coupled to on-line and in-line detectors, has been constructed to facilitate development of new 89Zr purification methodologies. The highly reproducible reagent delivery platform and near-real time monitoring of column effluents allows for efficient method optimization. The separation of Zr from dissolved Y metal targets was evaluated using several anion exchange resins. Each resin was evaluated against its ability to quantitatively capture Zr from a load solution high in dissolved Y. The most appropriate anion exchange resin for this application was identified, and the separation method was optimized. The method is capable of a high Y decontamination factor (>105) and has been shown to remove Fe, an abundant contaminant in Y foils, from the 89Zr elution fraction. Finally, the method was evaluated using cyclotron bombarded Y foil targets; the method was shown to achieve >95% recovery of the 89Zr present in the foils. The anion exchange column method described here is intended to be the first 89Zr isolation stage in a dual-column purification process.
Deceiving Team Members about Competence: Its Motives and Consequences

This study explores how people in work teams deceive others about their competence. A web-based survey with 182 college students reveals that deception about competence stems from three different m...
Learning Deep Network Representations with Adversarially Regularized Autoencoders

The problem of network representation learning, also known as network embedding, arises in many machine learning tasks assuming that there exist a small number of variabilities in the vertex representations which can capture the "semantics" of the original network structure. Most existing network embedding models, with shallow or deep architectures, learn vertex representations from the sampled vertex sequences such that the low-dimensional embeddings preserve the locality property and/or global reconstruction capability. The resultant representations, however, are difficult for model generalization due to the intrinsic sparsity of sampled sequences from the input network. As such, an ideal approach to address the problem is to generate vertex representations by learning a probability density function over the sampled sequences. However, in many cases, such a distribution in a low-dimensional manifold may not always have an analytic form. In this study, we propose to learn the network representations with adversarially regularized autoencoders (NetRA). NetRA learns smoothly regularized vertex representations that well capture the network structure through jointly considering both locality-preserving and global reconstruction constraints. The joint inference is encapsulated in a generative adversarial training process to circumvent the requirement of an explicit prior distribution, and thus obtains better generalization performance. We demonstrate empirically how well key properties of the network structure are captured and the effectiveness of NetRA on a variety of tasks, including network reconstruction, link prediction, and multi-label classification.
Posttranscriptional regulation of urokinase receptor gene expression in human lung carcinoma and mesothelioma cells in vitro.

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) interacts with its receptor (uPAR) to promote proteolysis as well as cell proliferation and migration. These functions contribute to the pathogenesis of neoplastic growth and invasiveness. Expression of uPAR in tumor extracts also inversely correlates with prognosis in many forms of cancer. In this study, we sought to determine if differences in uPAR expression were distinguishable between cultured human lung carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma subtypes. We also sought to determine if, as in malignant mesothelioma cells, uPAR expression is regulated at the posttranscriptional level in cultured malignant lung carcinoma cells. Using 125I-uPA binding and ligand blotting techniques, uPAR was expressed by phenotypically diverse lung carcinoma cell lines, including the H460, H157 and H1395 non-small cell lines and the H146 small cell lung carcinoma line. Increased uPAR expression was also detected in spindle-shaped (M33K) and epithelioid (M9K and MS-1) malignant mesothelioma cells. Selected mediators, including TGF-β, TNF-α, LPS and PMA, uniformly enhanced uPAR expression in each of the tumor cell lines. Steady state uPAR mRNA expression was determined by RNase protection assay and correlated directly with the changes in cell surface uPAR expression. By gel mobility shift and UV-cross linking assays, a uPAR mRNA binding protein (uPAR mRNABp) implicated in the posttranscriptional control of message stability, was identified in each of the cell lines. Expression of uPAR and its message in cultured lung carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma cells is similarly influenced by effectors present in the tumor microenvironment. Regulation of the uPAR message occurs at the posttranscriptional level in cultured small and non-small cell lung carcinoma cells as well as spindle-shaped and fibrous malignant mesothelioma cell lines. Posttranscriptional regulation of uPAR in all these cells involves the interaction of the uPAR mRNABp with uPAR mRNA, which promotes uPAR mRNA destabilization.
First Principles Determination of Magnetostriction in Transition Metal Thin Films, Alloys and Compounds

First-principles electronic structure studies based on local spin density functional theory and performed on extremely complex simulations of ever increasingly realistic systems, play a very important role in explaining and predicting various magnetic properties. This review deals with one of the most challenging issues for first-principles theory, namely the determination of magnetostriction in transition metal systems. As is demonstrated, extensive first-principles calculations and model analyses provide simple physical insights for this complex phenomenon.
A Modern Approach to Live Vaccines: Recombinant Poxviruses

A technique for preparing live recombinant vaccines is described. The technique is a blend of old and new technologies. Vaccinia virus, used for almost two hundred years in the immunoprophylaxis of smallpox, has been engineered by recombinant DNA technologies to express foreign genetic information derived from heterologous pathogens. This recombinant live vaccine virus has been shown to elicit important immunological responses to these foreign antigens on inoculation of the recombinant virus into animals. Significantly, a number of studies have shown that vaccination of laboratory animals with these recombinant viruses results in protecting these animals against disease on subsequent challenge with the heterologous infectious agent. Vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the influenza virus hemagglutinin, the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D, the hepatitis B virus surface antigen, the rabies virus glycoprotein, and a malarial parasite antigen are described and the biological properties of these recombinant viruses as live immunogens are detailed. A brief description of the problems and future prospects is included.
Orthogonal programming of heterogeneous micro-mechano-environments and geometries in three-dimensional bio-stereolithography.

Engineering heterogeneous micro-mechano-microenvironments of extracellular matrix is of great interest in tissue engineering, but spatial control over mechanical heterogeneity in three dimensions is still challenging given the fact that geometry and stiffness are inherently intertwined in fabrication. Here, we develop a layer-by-layer three-dimensional (3D) printing paradigm which achieves orthogonal control of stiffness and geometry by capitalizing on the conventionally adverse effect of oxygen inhibition on free-radical polymerization. Controlled oxygen permeation and inhibition result in photo-cured hydrogel layers with thicknesses only weakly dependent to the ultraviolet exposure dosage. The dosage is instead leveraged to program the crosslink density and stiffness of the cured structures. The programmable stiffness spans nearly an order of magnitude (E ~ 2–15 kPa) within the physiologically relevant range. We further demonstrate that extracellular matrices with programmed micro-mechano-environments can dictate 3D cellular organization, enabling in vitro tissue reconstruction. Tuning the mechanical properties of extracellular matrix is of great interest in tissue engineering but spatial control over stiffness in hydrogels has been demonstrated in two dimensions only. Here the authors developed a layer-by-layer printing technique which uses oxygen inhibition to control the heterogeneous stiffness in 3D printed structures.
Trust Management in Underwater Acoustic MANETs based on Cloud Theory using Multi-Parameter Metrics

With wide applications like surveillance and imaging, securing underwater acoustic Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANET) becomes a double-edged sword for oceanographic operations. Underwater acoustic MANET inherits vulnerabilities from 802.11-based MANET which renders traditional cryptographic approaches defenseless. A Trust Management Framework (TMF), allowing maintained confidence among participating nodes with metrics built from their communication activities, promises secure, efficient and reliable access to terrestrial MANETs. TMF cannot be directly applied to the underwater environment due to marine characteristics that make it difficult to differentiate natural turbulence from intentional misbehavior. This work proposes a trust model to defend underwater acoustic MANETs against attacks using a machine learning method with carefully chosen communication metrics, and a cloud model to address the uncertainty of trust in harsh underwater environments. By integrating the trust framework of communication with the cloud model to combat two kinds of uncertainties: fuzziness and randomness, trust management is greatly improved for underwater acoustic MANETs.
An Approach to Efficient Fitting of Univariate and Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Models

The stochastic volatility model is a popular tool for modeling the volatility of assets. The model is a nonlinear and non-Gaussian state space model, and consequently is difficult to fit. Many approaches, both classical and Bayesian, have been developed that rely on numerically intensive techniques such as quasi-maximum likelihood estimation and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Convergence and mixing problems still plague MCMC algorithms when drawing samples sequentially from the posterior distributions. While particle Gibbs methods have been successful when applied to nonlinear or non-Gaussian state space models in general, slow convergence still haunts the technique when applied specifically to stochastic volatility models. We present an approach that couples particle Gibbs with ancestral sampling and joint parameter sampling that ameliorates the slow convergence and mixing problems when fitting both univariate and multivariate stochastic volatility models. We demonstrate the enhanced method on various numerical examples.
Against consensus: Embracing the disunity of personality theory

Abstract Theories of personality traits refer to qualitatively different explanatory mechanisms, limiting prospects for a consensual paradigm. This article presents a trilevel cognitive science analysis that distinguishes multiple, qualitatively different explanations for expressions of personality. Stable individual differences in processes and content associated with traits are distributed within and between levels of explanations. A unitary and coherent account of traits is thus problematic. The Cognitive-Adaptive Theory of Traits (CATT) provides a conceptual framework that inter-relates theories at different levels, and identifies trait coherence with individual differences in strategies for managing adaptive goals. It exemplifies a spirit of explanatory pluralism that accepts disunity in personality theory. That is, it is preferable to work with multiple, conceptually rigorous theories at different levels than to aim for a universal paradigm prematurely.
What the Surgeon Can Do to Reduce the Risk of Trunnionosis in Hip Arthroplasty: Recommendations from the Literature.

Trunnionosis, defined as wear and corrosion at the head–neck taper connection, is a cause of failure in hip arthroplasty. Trunnionosis is linked to a synergistic combination of factors related to the prosthesis, the patient, and the surgeon. This review presents analytical models that allow for the quantification of the impact of these factors, with the aim of providing practical recommendations to help surgeons minimize the occurrence of this failure mode. A tighter fit reduces micromotion and, consequently, fretting of the taper connection. The paramount parameters controlling the fixation force are the coefficient of friction and the impaction force. The influence of the head diameter, as well as of the diameter and angle of the taper, is comparatively small, but varus alignment of the taper and heads with longer necks are unfavourable under physiologic loads. The trunnion should be rinsed, cleaned, and dried carefully, while avoiding any contamination of the bore—the female counterpart within the head—prior to assembly. Biological debris, and even residual water, might critically reduce the fixation of the taper connection between the head and the neck. The impaction force applied to the components should correspond to at least two strong blows with a 500 g hammer, striking the head with an ad hoc impactor aligned with the axis of the taper. These strong blows should correspond to a minimum impaction force of 4000 N.
Association of flow mediated vasodilation and burden of subclinical atherosclerosis by coronary CTA.

Abstract Background and aims Endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis are linked by multiple mechanisms. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) rate is used to evaluate endothelial function and has been independently associated with adverse cardiac outcomes. The relationship between brachial artery FMD rate and severity of subclinical atherosclerosis by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is not understood. We hypothesized that brachial FMD is inversely associated with burden of subclinical atherosclerosis measured by CCTA. Methods This is a retrospective study of 100 participants with intermediate cardiac risk and atypical symptoms to examine association between brachial artery FMD rate and surrogate markers of severity of subclinical atherosclerosis on CCTA. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to understand the relationship between brachial artery FMD rate and markers of plaque burden on CCTA including coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, segment involvement score (SIS; total number of segments with any plaque), segment stenosis score (SSS, sum of maximal stenosis score per segment), and total plaque score (TPS, the sum of all segments plaque burden). Results 52 participants (42%) were female. Mean age of the cohort was 59.3 ± 10.4 years. After adjusting for traditional risk factors, brachial artery FMD rate was inversely associated with higher CAC, TPS, SIS and SSS (p 0 and ≤ 100 most effectively, with a sensitivity of 62.2% and a specificity of 66.7%, respectively (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.5729, p = 0.0302). FMD 100 most effectively, with a sensitivity of 34% and a specificity of 83% respectively (AUC of 0.6226, p = 0.0095). Conclusions Brachial FMD is independently associated with the presence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis on CCTA. Our findings provide more detailed evidence that mechanistically, FMD, a surrogate marker of systemic endothelial dysfunction is a correlate of atherosclerotic burden, assessed by CCTA and CAC.
Targeted Radiation Therapy Can Treat Myxomatous Cerebral Aneurysms

Background Neoplastic cerebral aneurysms are rare presentations of cardiac myxomas. The natural history of such aneurysms is not well understood, and the optimal treatment strategy remains unclear. Clipping and coiling are effective, although can carry significant morbidity. Chemotherapy and radiation can theoretically be effective, although their clinical efficacy remains to be proven. Case Description Here we describe a patient with cardiac myxoma presenting with multiple progressively fusiform aneurysms. These aneurysms were noted to be growing during conservative monitoring given the eloquent location. Subsequently, the patient underwent multiple sessions of targeted radiation therapy, which lead to obliteration, shrinkage, or halting in growth of these aneurysms. Conclusions Low-dose targeted radiation therapy can be safe and effective in treatment of neoplastic myxomatous aneurysms.
Optimizing Topologies for Probabilistically Secure Multi-Robot Systems

In this paper, we optimize the interaction graph of a multi-robot system (MRS) by maximizing its probability of security while requiring the MRS to have the fewest edges possible. Edges that represent robot interactions exist according to a probability distribution and security is defined using the control theoretic notion of left invertibility. To compute an optimal solution to our problem, we first start by reducing our problem to a variation of the rooted k-connections problem using three graph transformations. Then, we apply a weighted matroid intersection algorithm (WMIA) on matroids defined on the edge set of the interaction graph. Although the optimal solution can be found in polynomial time, MRSs are dynamic and their topologies may change faster than the rate at which the optimal security solution can be found. To cope with dynamic behavior, we present two heuristics that relax optimality but execute with much lower time complexity. Finally, we validate our results through Monte Carlo simulations.
Empathy for joy recruits a broader prefrontal network than empathy for sadness and is predicted by executive functioning.

Empathy encompasses the ability to contemplate and vicariously share in the emotional life of others, and is critical for social interaction, and may enhance subjective happiness. OBJECTIVE While a few theoretical models propose that executive function may play a role in empathy, it is unknown how variation in executive function, and underlying variation in key large-scale brain network nodes, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex node within the executive control network-or the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) node within the mentalizing/theory of mind network-may account for individual differences in empathy capacity. METHOD The relationship between individual differences in executive capacity-parsed into working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility subdomains-and magnitude of activity in a priori identified PFC subregions during a functional MRI-based ecologically valid empathy induction paradigm, was investigated. Empathic happiness (i.e., vicarious joy) and empathic concern (i.e., vicarious sadness) in response to the life circumstances of actual people were measured at separate time points as brain functional MRI was obtained. Participants also completed executive-heavy clinical neuropsychological tasks outside of the scanner. RESULTS Frontopolar PFC was activated across both types of empathy. However, empathic happiness related to engagement of a much broader network of prefrontal cortex subregions relative to empathic concern: spawning frontopolar, dorsolateral, and medial aspects. PFC activation during both types of empathy was positively predicted by working memory capacity. CONCLUSION Activation in core aspects of the working memory-executive control network, and core happiness-related aspects of the mentalizing brain network (i.e., medial PFC and precuneus) predicted greater empathy capacity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The utility of laparoscopic ultrasound during minimally invasive liver procedures in patients with malignant liver tumors who have undergone preoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the utility of laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) during minimally invasive liver procedures in patients with malignant liver tumors who underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Medical records of patients with malignant liver lesions who underwent laparoscopic liver surgery between October 2005 and January 2018 and who underwent an MRI examination at our institution within a month before surgery were collected from a prospectively maintained database. The size and location of tumors detected on LUS, as well as whether they were seen on preoperative imaging, were recorded. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors that were associated with the detection of liver lesions on LUS that were not seen on preoperative MRI. RESULTS A total of 467 lesions were identified in 147 patients. Tumor types included colorectal cancer metastasis (n = 53), hepatocellular cancer (n = 38), neuroendocrine metastasis (n = 23), and others (n = 33). Procedures included ablation (67%), resection (23%), combined resection and ablation (6%), and diagnostic laparoscopy with biopsy (4%). LUS identified 39 additional lesions (8.4%) that were not seen on preoperative MRI in 14 patients (10%). These were colorectal cancer (n = 20, 51%), neuroendocrine (n = 11, 28%) and other metastases (n = 8, 21%). These additional findings on LUS changed the treatment plan in 13 patients (8.8%). Factors predicting tumor detection on LUS but not on MRI included obesity (p = 0.02), previous exposure to chemotherapy (p < 0.001), and lesion size < 1 cm (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that, despite advances in MRI, LUS performed during minimally invasive liver procedures may detect additional tumors in 10% of patients with liver malignancies, with the highest yield seen in obese patients with previous exposure to chemotherapy. These results support the routine use of LUS by hepatic surgeons.
The Common Law Powers of the New York State Attorney General

This manuscript reviews the common law powers of the New York State Attorney General. While these powers were broadly assumed to exist in 19th century New York, common law powers have generally been used sparingly over the past century. The manuscript provides a history of the Attorney General's powers since the office was created in colonial New York. It suggests that while the Attorney General's common law powers in criminal cases have been limited significantly by statute, the Attorney General should retain common law powers in most civil law areas. The article suggests areas where the Attorney General's office could assert its common law authority.
Poster abstract: Speaker localization and cancellation for improving social attention

Autistic individuals suffer from sensory impairment and can become frustrated in conversational settings involving multiple people. This paper describes a fully-interactive system that allows autistic persons to choose which person's speech they would like to focus on, thereby giving them a sense of control. A prototype of a headset is built which consists of two microphones mounted on the two sides of wearable glasses and headphones. Voice detection and localization algorithms are also implemented.
Lesions of Mature Barrel Field Cortex Interfere with Sensory Processing and Plasticity in Connected Areas of the Contralateral Hemisphere

Lesions of primary sensory cortex produce impairments in brain function as an outcome of the direct tissue damage. In addition, indirect lesion effects have been described that consist of functional deficits in areas sharing neural connections with the damaged area. The present study characterizes interhemispheric deficits produced as a result of unilateral lesions of the entire vibrissa representation of S-I barrel field cortex (BFC) in adult rats using single-neuron recording under urethane anesthesia. After unilateral lesions of adult BFC, responses of neurons in the contralateral homotopic BFC are severely depressed. Background (spontaneous) activity is reduced by approximately 80%, responses to test stimuli applied to the whiskers are reduced by approximately 50%, and onset of synaptic plasticity induced by trimming all but two whiskers ("whisker-pairing plasticity") is delayed over sevenfold compared with sham-lesion control animals. These deficits persist with only slight improvement for at least 4 months after lesion. Both fast-spiking and regular-spiking neuron responses are diminished contralateral to the lesion, as are cells above, below, and within the cortical barrels. Enriched environment experience increased the magnitude of responses and accelerated the rate of synaptic plasticity but did not restore response magnitude to control levels. Deficiencies in evoked responses and synaptic plasticity are primarily restricted to areas that share direct axonal connections with the lesioned cortex, because equivalently sized lesions of visual cortex produce minimal deficits in contralateral BFC function. These results indicate that interhemispheric deficits consist of remarkable and persistent decrements in sensory processing at the single-neuron level and support the idea that the deficits are somehow linked to the shared neural connections with the area of brain damage.
An Occupational Perspective of Health by Ann A. Wilcox

An Occupational Perspective of Health is a scholarly work that reflects the application of the scientific process to the field of occupational health. Ann Wilcox presents a strong a case for the ad...
p21WAF1/CIP1 Antisense Therapy Radiosensitizes Human Colon Cancer by Converting Growth Arrest to Apoptosis

Substantial evidence suggests that loss of cellular p21WAF1/CIP1 results in increased apoptotic killing by ionizing radiation. We hypothesized that a p21 antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) could be used to sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy. In vitro treatment of colon cancer cells (HCT116/p21+/+) with p21 AS ODN (200 nM) led to inhibition of radiation-induced p21 expression (>95% inhibition, 0-30 Gy), resulting in a loss of G1 arrest and an enhancement of apoptosis to comparable levels and with similar kinetics to HCT116/p21-/- cells (approximately 60% apoptotic cells at 96 h after 10 Gy). In vivo, p21 AS ODN in combination with radiation (i.p. ODN for 6 days at 20 mg/kg/day and 15 Gy) increased apoptosis in s.c. p21+/+ tumors in nude mice to levels similar to those of p21-/- tumors (2-fold at 24 h postirradiation) and improved radiocurability of p21+/+ tumors to levels comparable to those of p21-/- tumors (p21+/+, two of eight cures versus p21-/-, two of nine cures). Our findings suggest that p21 AS treatment may be a rational approach to improve conventional radiotherapy outcomes.
Crane scheduling with time windows in circuit board production lines

This paper studies a crane scheduling problem with time windows in a flow-shop type production system. Feasibility of a state of the system is first discussed. Then, based on the insight derived fr...
Development and Validation of Fluid-Solid Interaction Analysis for Crashworthiness Studies

Improved numerical analysis of fluid-solid interaction of rigid wedge water entry with multiple deadrise angles was conducted. This involved the coupling of fluid flow and structural mechanics, normally analyzed through separate numerical platforms. To capture the subtleties of water behavior in detail using finite elements, an advanced gradient meshing technique involving meshed and meshless Lagrangian elements was developed. The gradients varied particle spacing to maximize the resolution at the area of impact while reducing computation time. The properties of water, incorporating compressibility, were simulated and used in small and full scale analysis models. Results of multiple converging gradient schemes were compared to existing models, physical experiments, and analytical representations. The advanced gradient mesh schemes were able to capture the qualitative and quantitative essences of the event. Further experimental trials are needed to establish the predicting capabilities of the developed model when examining large scale fluid-solid interactive systems.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Optimization and risk in human foraging strategies

Faunal remains excavated from !Kung Bushman (San) campsites occupied between 1944 and 1975 provide the basis for an examination of foraging strategy. Over this period these inhabitants of the northern Kalahari Desert in Botswana shifted from primary reliance on hunted and gathered foods to dependence on meat and milk derived from their own herds of goats and cattle. Analysis of faunal remains shows that both goats and cattle replace nondomesticates in the same size classes. However the overall structure of the faunal assemblages—measured by number of species, species diversity and distribution of species by size class—remains unchanged. This contradicts diet breadth models which predict specialization when high value food items become abundant, and suggests that these !Kung act to minimize risk in a highly variable and unpredictable semi-arid environment. The cross cultural and diachronic implications of this fact are considered.
Interpersonal mindlessness and language

(1992). Interpersonal mindlessness and language. Communication Monographs: Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 324-327.
Attachment: The parental perspective

In the course of daily transactions, caregivers and children construct internal working models of self and other in the attachment relationship (Bowlby, 1969). The function of such working models is to guide an individual's own behavior toward the attachment partner and to interpret and forecast the partner's behavior. So far, however, research on internal working models has largely focused on attachment from the filial rather than the parental perspective even when adults were studied. To remedy this situation, 36 middle-class mothers were interviewed regarding their attachment relationship with their 25-month-old children. Attachment-relevant interview questions were open-ended, allowing the mothers to produce their own descriptive categories. The interview took about an hour. Two analyses were performed on the interview transcripts: a content analysis of specific attachment themes and a global evaluation of attachment quality as conveyed by the interview text as a whole. The content analysis provided interesting findings regarding mother-child affect communication, mother-child separation, and autonomy negotiations. For the global analysis a sensitivity/insight scale was applied to the interview text. This scale was significantly correlated with other attachment measures for the same children at 18 months (Strange Situation), 25 months (Waters &Deane Q-sort), and 37 months (Separation-Reunion Procedure, Attachment Story Completion Task). The sensitivity/insight scale was also significantly and meaningfully correlated with maternal and questionnaire data regarding infant temperament, maternal personality and family climate. In sum, the Parent Attachment Interview provides new insights into parental experiences of the attachment relationship and can also serve as an alternative or additional measure of attachment quality.
STUDIES OF THE EPINEPHRINE-GLUTATHIONE REACTION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AND HUMAN BLOOD.

Abstract The reaction in neutral aqueous solution between an oxidation product of epinephrine and glutathione in moderate excess resulted in the accelerated disappearance of the sulfhydryl group, the absence of adrenochrome, and the formation of two separate glutathione-epinephrine derivatives with distinctive absorbancy and fluorescence. The first of these reaction products reached its maximal concentration within 1 minute. It then decreased, as the formation of the second derivative, pink in color, proceeded. Upon incubation with human blood, epinephrine rapidly entered the red cell. Its oxidation product then combined with the sulfhydryl group of the intracellular glutathione. The experimental studies, including fluorescence measurements of the deproteinized blood in neutral solution, were consistent with the formation within the erythrocyte of the glutathione-epinephrine derivative formed initially in aqueous solution.
The Swift GRB MIDEX mission

Abstract Swift is a first-of-its-kind multiwavelength transient observatory for γ-ray burst astronomy. It has the optimum capabilities for the next breakthroughs in determining the origin of γ-ray bursts and their afterglows, as well as for using bursts to probe the early Universe. Swift will also monitor the soft gamma repeaters and perform the first sensitive hard X-ray survey of the sky. The mission is being developed by an international collaboration and consists of three instruments, the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), the X-ray Telescope (XRT), and the Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT). The BAT, a wide-field γ-ray detector, will detect >100 γ-ray bursts per year with a sensitivity 5× that of BATSE. The sensitive narrow-field XRT and UVOT will be autonomously slewed to the burst location within 20–70 s to determine 0.3–5.0″ positions and perform optical, UV, and X-ray spectrophotometry. Strong education/public outreach and follow-up programs will help to engage the public and the astronomical community. Swift launch is planned for late 2004.
Factors influencing technology transfer: The case of China

Transferring and utilizing technology in developing economies is a vital issue for economic growth. Often the separation between R&D institutes and industrial concerns limits the transfer of technology. The People's Republic of China, which has conducted R&D in institutes separate from the potential user firms, has recently moved to facilitate domestic technology transfer from R&D institutes to R&D consumers. This study, based on the statistical analysis of 60 R&D institutes in the machinery sector in China, found that, while R&D intensity improves transfer of technology, funding and employee mobility hinders transfer.
Sink or Skim: Textbook Reading Behaviors of Introductory Accounting Students

Despite the significant emphasis that most instructors place on textbooks in introductory accounting courses, little research exists to describe how students interact with their textbooks. Using learning journals, 172 undergraduate students provided detailed, real‐time accounts of their experiences with 13 chapters of an introductory financial accounting textbook. Using the method of grounded theory, supplemented with quantitative tests of association, this study begins to characterize textbook use from a student perspective. Results indicate that, for students, reading is a motivated behavior, with the specific motives varying across different groups of students and leading to different consequential actions. Academically strong students appear to read with the primary goal of understanding assigned material, as evidenced by their willingness to (1) engage in reading before the related material is covered in class, (2) persist when material becomes difficult, and (3) establish defined action plans that p...
Effect of pocket gophers on aspen regeneration

The decline of aspen (Populus tremuloides) in the western United States is well known but the role that pocket gophers (Thomomys spp.) may play in that decline is not known. We investigated the effects of pocket gophers on aspen regeneration in Utah through a series of 4 treatments comprised of baited and fenced plots. The treatments were control (no treatment), baited (pocket gopher removal), fenced (ungulate exclusion), and fenced and baited combined. Fencing reduced browsing rates and increased the height and growth of aspen suckers but did not affect their density. Pocket gopher removal had no effect. Aspen suckers on control plots were the only ones that showed no increase in growth between spring and fall. Overall, these results indicate that the effect of pocket gophers on aspen regeneration is minimal compared to the effects of browsing by ungulates and livestock.