cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cellular immune competence of a Drosophila mutant with neoplastic hematopoietic organs

Abstract In the Tum l mutant of Drosophila melanogaster , the larval hematopoietic organs undergo neoplastic changes and release into circulation large numbers of blood cells. The lamellocytes, and to a lesser extent the plasmatocytes from which they are derived, are the cells that encapsulate various endogenous tissues and form melanotic tumors. The mutation is temperature sensitive, with maximum gene expression manifested at 29°C. The ability of Tum l larvae to encapsulate eggs of the wasp parasite Leptopilina heterotoma is dependent not only on temperature, with host larvae much more immune reactive at 29°C than at lower temperatures (15° or 21°C), but also on the interval of time following infection when temperature shift experiments are performed. When the shift of parasitized larvae from 21° to 29°C is delayed by 18 hr the hosts are not as immune reactive as those shifted immediately after infection. Since Tum l larvae are potentially highly immune reactive at the time of infection (with sufficient numbers of lamellocytes in circulation to encapsulate parasites), the low degree of immune competence in hosts shifted to 29°C after 18 hr or maintained at lower temperatures suggests that the increased capacity of blood cells to react against foreign surfaces is dependent on the cells acquiring new or altered recognition and adherence properties at 29°C. The 18-hr delay may provide the parasite with an opportunity to interfere with the acquisition of these specific cellular alterations. Differential hemocyte counts from parasitized larvae show abnormally low lamellocyte counts in susceptible hosts, indicating that successfully developing parasites interfere with the differentiation of hemocytes.
Physiological and Immunologic Disturbances Associated with Shock in a Primate Model of Lassa Fever

The degree of cell and organ damage in clinical and histological studies of patients dying of Lassa fever has been insufficient to explain the catastrophic shock characteristic of the fatal illness. To explore this issue further, we conducted a study of the evolution of shock in three Lassa virus-infected rhesus monkeys. By the sixth day after infection, a marked, progressive reduction of in vitro platelet aggregation occurred despite normal numbers of circulating platelets and a normal platelet survival time and was accompanied by loss of prostacyclin production by postmortem endothelium. Both of these functions recovered rapidly in a surviving animal. There was no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, nor were clotting factors significantly abnormal. We observed association of viral antigen with neutrophils and progressive neutrophilia. Viremia was not reduced by a brisk antibody response in our animals, and there was a general depression of response to mitogens in mixed lymphocyte stimulation assays. Our findings suggest that shock in Lassa fever is due to biochemical dysfunctions of platelets and endothelial cells and results from loss of intravascular plasma volume, effusions, and hemorrhage.
Role of CAPS in Dense‐Core Vesicle Exocytosis

: Calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion (CAPS) was initially identified in brain cytosol based on its ability to reconstitute calcium-triggered dense-core vesicle (DCV) exocytosis in permeable cell lines (PC12) of adrenal chromaffin origin. Current evidence indicates that CAPS functions selectively in DCV exocytosis by interacting with DCVs, the plasma membrane, and protein components of the fusion machinery. To further delineate the role of CAPS in endocrine and neural secretion, the tissue distribution of CAPS was determined. Immunoreactive CAPS I localized exclusively to neural and endocrine tissues including adrenal medulla, pancreatic islets, anterior pituitary, thyroid parafollicular C cells, gastrointestinal G cells, renal juxtaglomerular cells, and gray matter throughout the central nervous system. The results are consistent with a widespread functional role of CAPS in the regulated exocytosis of DCVs in the nervous and endocrine systems.
HTS machines as enabling technology for all-electric airborne vehicles

Environmental protection has now become paramount as evidence mounts to support the thesis of human activity-driven global warming. A global reduction of the emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere is therefore needed and new technologies have to be considered. A large part of the emissions come from transportation vehicles, including cars, trucks and airplanes, due to the nature of their combustion-based propulsion systems. Our team has been working for several years on the development of high power density superconducting motors for aircraft propulsion and fuel cell based power systems for aircraft. This paper investigates the feasibility of all-electric aircraft based on currently available technology. Electric propulsion would require the development of high power density electric propulsion motors, generators, power management and distribution systems. The requirements in terms of weight and volume of these components cannot be achieved with conventional technologies; however, the use of superconductors associated with hydrogen-based power plants makes possible the design of a reasonably light power system and would therefore enable the development of all-electric aero-vehicles. A system sizing has been performed both for actuators and for primary propulsion. Many advantages would come from electrical propulsion such as better controllability of the propulsion, higher efficiency, higher availability and less maintenance needs. Superconducting machines may very well be the enabling technology for all-electric aircraft development.
Cord blood administration induces oligodendrocyte survival through alterations in gene expression.

Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the predominant cell type found in cerebral white matter, are essential for structural integrity and proper neural signaling. Very little is known concerning stroke-induced OL dysfunction. Our laboratory has shown that infusion of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells protects striatal white matter tracts in vivo and directly protects mature primary OL cultures from oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Microarray studies of RNA prepared from OL cultures subjected to OGD and treated with HUCB cells showed an increase in the expression of 33 genes associated with OL proliferation, survival, and repair functions, such as myelination. The microarray results were verified using quantitative RT-PCR for the following eight genes: U2AF homology motif kinase 1 (Uhmk1), insulin-induced gene 1 (Insig1), metallothionein 3 (Mt3), tetraspanin 2 (Tspan2), peroxiredoxin 4 (Prdx4), stathmin-like 2 (Stmn2), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and versican (Vcan). Immunohistochemistry showed that MOG, Prdx4, Uhmk1, Insig1, and Mt3 protein expression were upregulated in the ipsilateral white matter tracts of rats infused with HUCB cells 48 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Furthermore, promoter region analysis of these genes revealed common transcription factor binding sites, providing insight into the shared signal transduction pathways activated by HUCB cells to enhance transcription of these genes. These results show expression of genes induced by HUCB cell therapy that could confer oligoprotection from ischemia.
Surface properties of alkaline earth apatites

Summary In contrast to other investigations of double layer systems, dissolution and ion exchange processes were found to play a more important role in this work. Both from an experimental and interpretative vantage point this statement has been corroborated. Experimental data were obtained exclusively by electrophoretic measurements because the high solubility of the synthesized apatites prohibited direct determination of the adsorption density of the p.d. ions. The observed magnitude of the e.m. in solutions of constant ionic strength (∼10−2 M) and of a given electrolyte concentration was found to increase in the reverse order as the solubility of the alkaline earth apatites: CaFA>CaHA>SrHA>BaA. Thermodynamic arguments suggest that the double layer on these apatites, which may be classed as tri-ionic crystals (three distinct lattice ions), is characterized by the existence of a series of p.z.c.'s lying on a line on the equilibrium “solution” surface. The latter is constructed by plotting on three mutually perpendicular axes the concentration (activity) of the three p.d. ionic species. In absence of specific adsorption, di-ionic crystals are characterized by a single p.z.c. but the continuous shift in p.z.c. produced in such solids by specific adsorption may be likened to the predicted p.z.c. curve for apatites. The predicted multiple p.z.c.'s were verified experimentally. As many as three independent p.z.c.'s were established for the hydroxyapatites of calcium and strontium. Only the experimental procedure prevented the observation of more points. The experimental p.z.c.'s are given in Table 5 . TABLE 5 . POINTS OF ZERO CHARGE OF ALKALINE EARTH APATITIES Solid p.z.c. I a II b III c CaFA pF=4.63 pCa=4.38 pHPO4≃5.22 CaHA pH=7.15 pH=7.0 pCa=4.38 pHPO4=4.19 pHPO4=4.48 SrHA pH=8.00 pH=9.80 pSr=4.19 pHPO4=4.0 pHPO4≃4.4 BaA pH=8.57 pH=11.88 pH=3.43 a Experimentally determined by addition of K2HPO4 to suspensions of CaHA, SrHA and BaA. b Experimentally determined by addition of KOH to suspensions. c By extrapolation. On applying suitable corrections for electrophoretic retardation and orientation to the Smoluchowski equation the zeta potential of the cyclindrical-shaped apatite particles was calculated. With few exceptions ξ never exceeded a value of 40 mV over a hundred-fold concentration range of p.d. ions. The surface charge density of the particles was calculated to vary in magnitude from about − 2 to +2 μC cm−2. The fluoride ion and the calcium ion were observed to play a special role in controlling the electrophoretic behavior in those apatites for which these ions are not lattice ions. An explanation of these findings must take into account ion exchange reactions involving at least a monolayer of the solid surface.
Evidence-Based Sentencing: Are We Up to the Task?

153 Federal Sentencing Reporter, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 153–158, ISSN 1053-9867 electronic ISSN 1533-8363. ©2010 Vera Institute of Justice. All rights reserved. Please direct requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintInfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/fsr.2009.23.2.153. Evidence-Based Sentencing: Are We Up to the Task?
The Toxic and Abortifacient Effects of Ponderosa Pine

Ponderosa pine needles cause abortion and a poorly described toxicosis when eaten by cattle. In previous trials, the abortifacient compound of pine needles was identified as isocupressic acid. At abortifacient doses, isocupressic acid caused no other toxicosis. However, other pine needle fractions, similar in composition to several commercially available rosin products, caused no abortion but were very toxic. The purpose of this study was to describe the toxicoses of ponderosa pine, compare its toxicity with other rosin and related pine products, and identify the toxin. Four groups of three pregnant beef cows each were treated with either ponderosa pine tips, rosin gum, dehydroabietic acid, or ground alfalfa. The cows treated with pine tips aborted, had retained placentas with endometritis, and developed both renal and neurologic lesions. The cattle treated with rosin gum or dehydroabietic acid did not abort but developed similar signs and lesions of intoxication. Clinical signs of intoxication included anorexia, mild rumen acidosis, dyspnea, paresis progressing to paralysis, and death. Clinical biochemical results, suggestive of renal, hepatic, and muscular disease, included azotemia, hypercreatinemia, hyperphosphatemia, proteinuria, and marked elevations of various serum enzymes. Histologically, all poisoned animals had nephrosis, vacuolation of basal ganglia neuropil with patchy perivascular and myelinic edema, and skeletal myonecrosis. The alfalfa-treated controls were normal. These findings suggest that ponderosa pine needles and tips are both abortifacient and toxic. Because the lesions caused by pine tips, rosin gum, and dehydroabietic acid are similar, toxicosis is most likely due to the diterpene abietane acids, common in all three,
Electric field sensors based on hybrid silicon and lithium niobate microring resonators

We present electric field sensors based on the indirect bonding of thin films of lithium niobate to silicon microring resonators using benzocyclobutene as a bonding layer. The demonstrated sensitivity is 4.5 V m−1 Hz−1/2.
Primary Prevention of Tobacco Smoking

Sixth-grade students (N = 56) were assigned randomly to one of four experimental conditions: pretest and primary prevention; primary prevention; pretest; and neither pretest nor primary prevention. In eight group sessions, primary prevention students learned facts, problem solving, decision making, self-instructions and interpersonal skills to help keep them from using tobacco. All students completed posttests and a six-month follow-up. Compared with untrained controls, trained students had greater knowledge of smoking, more perspectives on tobacco problems, better linkages between problems and solutions, more insights on the consequences of nonsmoking decisions and greater nonverbal and verbal competence in tobacco use situations. Follow-up data showed trained students with stronger commitments to tobacco abstinence, more frequent refusals of tobacco, and less smoking than controls. Midway through seventh grade, 8% of trained students and 37.5% of controls had smoked in the most recent month.
From RPA to BRCA2: lessons from single-stranded DNA binding by the OB-fold

Recent years have witnessed tremendous progress in our structural and biophysical understanding of how replication protein A (RPA), a major nuclear ssDNA-binding protein (SSB), binds DNA. The four ssDNA-binding domains of RPA have the characteristic OB (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding) fold and contact DNA with specific polarity via a hierarchy-driven dynamic pathway. A growing mass of data suggest that many aspects of the ssDNA binding mechanism are conserved among SSBs of different origin. However, this conservation is not restricted to the SSB class. The concepts of ssDNA binding by the OB-fold, first derived from the RPA structure, have been successfully applied to the functional characterization of the BRCA2 (breast cancer susceptibility gene 2) protein. The BRCA2 structure, in its turn, has helped to better understand RPA function.
Not all renal cysts are created equal

In December, 2008, a 55-year-old woman presented to us with gross haematuria and dysuria. She reported passing a “stone” and had been diagnosed with a urinary tract infection which was treated with ciproﬂ oxacin for a week before presentation. Before admission, ultrasonography to investigate right ﬂ ank pain had shown bilateral renal cysts; at this time her creatinine was normal at 71 μmol/L, and bicarbonate was low at 20 mmol/L; serum anion gap was normal. She had a history of nephrolithiasis and bipolar disorder, which had been treated with lithium for 20 years. When her father was 36 years of age he developed renal failure necessitating kidney transplantation; unfortunately his medical records were no longer available. No other family members had kidney disease. In view of her family history and sonographic ﬁ ndings, she had been presumptively diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and lithium treatment had been stopped. On presentation to us, we did an MRI (ﬁ gure) which showed bilateral, mainly sub-centimetre, renal cysts and normal sized kidneys; left 10·2 cm, and right 11·0 cm.Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is caused by mutations in two distinct genes, PKD1 on chromosome 16 and PKD2 on chromosome 4. Our patient did not have truncating mutations, although these mutations are only found in around 60% of patients.
Evidence that gastric pit dysplasia-like atypia is a neoplastic precursor lesion

Most gastric cancers develop via an intestinal metaplasia (IM)-dysplasia-carcinogenic pathway. We have noted that some patients with chronic gastritis have dysplasia-like atypia (DLA) limited to the pit epithelium but without involvement of the surface epithelium. We performed this study to determine the clinical and biological characteristics and outcome of DLA, to gain insight into its role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. The study consisted of 102 consecutive patients with resected gastric cancer, a separate cohort of patients (n = 166) with chronic gastritis and IM in their index gastric biopsies, and 44 controls. All specimens were evaluated for clinical and pathologic features of the cancer (in the resection cohort) and background mucosa. Of 102 patients with gastric cancer, 50 (49%) had DLA in areas of mucosa adjacent to or near either conventional dysplasia or cancer. This value was significantly higher than controls (DLA 6.8%; P < .0001). Gastric cancer patients with DLA showed a significantly higher age at presentation; intestinal-type adenocarcinoma; low-grade differentiation; stage 1 tumors; and a higher rate of chronic gastritis, IM, atrophy, and conventional dysplasia in the background mucosa compared to patients without DLA. DLA showed intestinal-type differentiation, and a higher Ki-67 rate and MUC6 positivity compared with IM. Of the 166 patients with biopsies, DLA was identified in 24 (14%). Upon follow-up, 38% of positive cases showed persistent DLA, whereas 25% progressed to conventional low-grade dysplasia. Based on these results, we conclude that DLA represents an important precursor lesion in gastric carcinogenesis and supports its interpretation as a neoplastic lesion.
Endocrine control of larval fat body histolysis in normal and mutant Drosophila melanogaster.

In Drosophila melanogaster, about a thousand larval fat body cells survive metamorphosis, but histolyze and disappear in the first few days of adult life. We wondered what hormonal factors control larval fat cell disappearance in normal and mutant flies. In order to test the effect of anterior endocrine organs, we isolated abdomens from the head and thorax of newly eclosed flies. In isolated abdomens fat cells disappeared at a much slower rate, decreasing by only 30% instead of 100% by 72 hours. To find if the juvenile hormone was responsible for this result, we treated isolated abdomens with ZR-515, a juvenile hormone analogue. In ZR-515 treated isolated abdomens, the fat cell number decreased by 94% at 72 hours. This shows that juvenile hormone activity can replace the lytic factor missing from isolated abdomens. The mutation ap4 retards the rate of fat cell lysis: only 47% of the cells disappear by 48 hours compared to 99% in heterozygous controls. To find if JH activity could restore the normal phenotype, we treated these mutants with ZR-515. The result was that hormonetreated mutants at 48 hours had destroyed 88% of their fat cells, thereby approaching the normal situation. To study the effect of an inhibitor of protein synthesis, we injected cycloheximide into freshly eclosed normal flies. A dose of 0.3 μl of 6 × 10−4 gm/ml cycloheximide inhibited both vitellogenesis and larval fat cell disappearance. This inhibition could not be overcome by administration of ZR-515. From these studies we conclude that juvenile hormone activity is required for larval fat cell disappearance in both wild type and mutant flies. Since cycloheximide inhibits larval fat cell disappearance even in the presence of a juvenile hormone analogue, it is suggested that the lytic effect of juvenile hormone is mediated via protein synthesis.
Solar Radiation Modeling and Measurements for Renewable Energy Applications: Data and Model Quality

Abstract Measurement and modeling of broadband and spectral terrestrial solar radiation is important for the evaluation and deployment of solar renewable energy systems. We discuss recent developments in the calibration of broadband solar radiometric instrumentation and improving broadband solar radiation measurement accuracy. An improved diffuse sky reference and radiometer calibration and characterization software for outdoor pyranometer calibrations are outlined. Several broadband solar radiation model approaches, including some developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, for estimating direct beam, total hemispherical and diffuse sky radiation are briefly reviewed. The latter include the Bird clear sky model for global, direct beam, and diffuse terrestrial solar radiation; the Direct Insolation Simulation Code (DISC) for estimating direct beam radiation from global measurements; and the METSTAT (Meteorological and Statistical) and Climatological Solar Radiation (CSR) models that estimate solar radiation from meteorological data. We conclude that currently the best model uncertainties are representative of the uncertainty in measured data.
Backstepping high-order differential neural network control of flexible-joint manipulator

We present an output-feedback control design of a two-link, flexible-joint manipulator. The control system is a combination of the Luenberger-type observer, backstepping control, variable structure control, and high-order differential neural network. Using the neural network as model identifier, we can control this complicated system without using its closed-form mathematical model. The observer provides us with the ability to design the control system from the output signals. The variable structure controller handles uncertainties arising from model identification and state estimation. Backstepping structure provides a way of applying the robust control to each subsystem. Simulation of the two-link flexible-joint manipulator is included.
Session I: Biosafety Research and Risk Assessment

International and national guidance on environmental risk assessment provide critical direction about the types of scientific data needed to evaluate transgenic organisms. This guidance by governments on risk assessment evolves over time and is strongly influenced by the results of biosafety research. In turn, national and regional research priority areas are identified based upon close collaboration with risk assessors as their needs evolve. The
Morphological and molecular analysis of bromeliad-inhabiting ciliates in Ecuador

The microbial inhabitants of Neotropical forests are poorly known. According to Finlay (2002, Science, 296:1061–1063) the majority of taxa in tropical forests should be previously described elsewhere. Conversely, Foissner (1999, Protist, 150:363–368) points to examples of endemic protists, and states that while we can identify the common species there are few trained taxonomists to identify the rare ones in large sampling investigations. To test these hypotheses, I am following up on an initial study of Foissner et al. (2003, Europ. J. Protistol., 39:365–372) of the ciliates inhabiting waters in canopy, sub-canopy and terrestrial bromeliad tanks in two Ecuadorian forests. Using morphological (protargol, silver nitrate, and silver carbonate stains; scanning electron micrographs) and molecular methods (SSU and ITS sequencing) I will concentrate my investigations on the colpodid taxa found free-living in the bromeliad tanks in two Ecuadorian forests. If I find many new taxa, Finlay's hypothesis may not be applicable to atleast bromeliad-inhabiting ciliates.
Hydrogen Transfer Reactivity of a Ferric Bi-imidazoline Complex That Models the Activity of Lipoxygenase Enzymes.

The mono-deprotonated ferric complex [Fe(Hbim)(H2bim)2](ClO4)2 (2) oxidizes organic substrates with weak C−H bonds. A hydrogen atom abstraction mechanism is indicated. The ΔH° for addition of H• to 2 (the strength of a N−H bond in 1) is determined to be 76 kcal/mol, consistent with the reactivity observed.
Evolved neuromorphic flight control for a flapping-wing mechanical insect model

This paper examines the feasibility of evolving analog neuromorphic devices to control flight in a realistic flapping-wing mechanical insect model. It will summarize relevant prior results in controlling a legged robot and explain why these results are relevant to the problem of winged flight. Following, it will present the outcomes of experiments to evolve flight controllers and discuss the implications of those results and possible future work.
Efficient Investment in Children

Abstract Many would say that children are society's most precious resource. So, how should we invest in them? To gain insight into this question, a dynamic general equilibrium model is developed where children differ by ability. Parents invest time and money in their offspring, depending on their altruism. This allows their children to grow up as more productive adults. First, the efficient allocation is characterized. Next, this is compared with the outcome that arises when financial markets are incomplete. The situation where child-care markets are also lacking is then examined. Additionally, the consequences of impure altruism are analyzed. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D1, D31, D58, I2.
Explaining device behavior from deep models

Executable, object-based device models, which can provide visually powerful environments in which users can practice procedural and diagnostic skills and observe the effects of their actions, are addressed. The instructional approach can be highly student-directed, allowing the user to experiment, practice, and explore. Alternatively, instruction may be authored to accompany the dynamic simulation, guiding the student through planned demonstrations of tasks and device behaviors. In either case, the graphical simulation portrays the effects of the user's actions and effects of any malfunctions on the device. By automatically analyzing the functionality and connectivity of the objects comprising the device, domain-independent processes can answer many of the specific questions that arise during technical training. The discussion covers building the device model, supporting user operation, providing expert instruction, and supporting diagnostic tasks. >
The Sacred or the Profane: The Challenge of Modern Dance in Religious Educational Settings

Abstract The article addresses the utilization of modern dance compositional approaches in the development of sacred dance works. A brief history of sacred dance in the Western Church is traced as a foundation for students' stereotypical approaches to dance and religion. Also examined is the 20th Century modern dance choreographers' practice of incorporating biblical thematic material in their works. Aspects of form and content are considered throughout the article, as pedagogical processes for dance making are described.
Rural and urban problem drinkers in six Southern states

In 1994-1997 we conducted a four-wave longitudinal study of rural and urban problem drinkers in six Southern United States states to examine rural/urban differences in predictors of service use and course of drinking. This report describes early rural/urban differences from a brief interview with over 3,000 community individuals and among 525 identified problem drinkers. Overall, we found rural/urban differences in alcohol consumption at the community level but only demographic differences among problem drinkers. Our newly developed screening interview for alcohol disorders had excellent agreement (kappa = 0.72) for lifetime disorders and good agreement (kappa = 0.53) for recent disorders against structured diagnostic interviews for DSM-IV criteria. [Translations are provided in the International Abstracts Section of this issue.]
Geomorphic studies of landslides in the Tully Valley, New York: implications for public policy and planning ☆

On April 27, 1993, a large landslide in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, NY, destroyed three houses and resulted in the evacuation of four others; it also triggered a loss of potable drinking water for about 15 homes north of the slide area and affected a total of 20 ha of land. In the 7 years following this slide, several studies have been conducted by federal and state environmental agencies and by local universities. The goal of these investigations has been to determine what caused this slide, document the history of past landslides in the region, and establish whether future slides are likely to occur. This paper reports on the results of these investigations and examines their effect on the Tully Valley community.
The Twenty-Year Tale of Interpreting a Multiethnic Urban Uprising: Towards an Historiography of Sa-I-Gu

This essay examines how cultural workers and scholars have archived and interpreted the causes, origins, and far-reaching implications of the 1992 Los Angeles uprisings. Rather than an exhaustive literature review, I highlight selected primary and secondary texts t map the historiography of the uprisings onto trajectories of both the history of Los Angeles and the development of Asian American Studies as an academic field since the 1990s. Writings on the uprisings evolved as immigration reshaped the contours of Los Angeles politics and as the cultural and transnational turns in the humanities charted new analytical frameworks in the Asian American Studies.
Abstract P172: Attributable risks of hypertension and diabetes for stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular death in the Northern Manhattan Study

Objective: To determine the attributable risks (AR) for vascular events (VE: stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death) due to hypertension and diabetes by race/ethnicity, sex and age. Background: Understanding the distribution of risk factors and their contribution to disease incidence is critical for effective allocation of resources for disease prevention. There is little data on the relative contribution of vascular risk factors among multiethnic elderly populations. Methods: The Northern Manhattan Study is a population-based prospective cohort study of incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in a multiethnic urban population. Multi-variable Cox models adjusted for socio-demographic and vascular risk factors were used to calculate hazard ratios, AR and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for (1) all stroke and (2) VE. Results: The cohort (n=3,298) had mean age 69.2+/-10 years with 63% women, 52% Hispanic, 73% hypertensive and 21% diabetics. There were 347 strokes and 835 VE during a median follow-up of 12 years. The AR due to hypertension was 30% (95%CI 13-48%) for stroke and 24% (95%CI 13-35%) for VE; AR due to diabetes was 19% (95%CI 12-27%) for stroke and 13% (95%CI 8-17%) for VE.The AR for stroke from hypertension differed by age and race-ethnicity (table), while for diabetes it only differed by age. For VE, the AR of hypertension and diabetes did not differ by age, sex, or race-ethnicity. Conclusions: On a population level diabetes and hypertension have important effects on the risk of VE across all socio-demographic groups. For stroke, these effects are more notable at age
Interfacial Pressure Coefficient for Ellipsoids and Its Effect on the Two-Fluid Model Eigenvalues

Analytical expressions for interfacial pressure coefficients are obtained based on the geometry of the bubbles occurring in two-phase flows. It is known that the shape of the bubbles affects the virtual mass and interfacial pressure coefficients, which in turn determines the cutoff void fraction for the well-posedness of two-fluid model (TFM). The coefficient used in the interfacial pressure difference correlation is derived assuming potential flow around a perfect sphere. In reality, the bubbles seen in two-phase flows get deformed, and hence, it is required to estimate the coefficients for nonspherical geometries. Oblate and prolate ellipsoids are considered, and their respective coefficients are determined. It is seen that the well-posedness limit of the TFM is determined by the combination of virtual mass and interfacial pressure coefficient used. The effect of flow separation on the coefficient values is also analyzed.
Unusual ultrastructural features of a leiomyosarcoma of the lung

The electron microscopic features of a leiomyosarcoma occurring in the lung, a rare site, were studied. Unusual was the finding of extremely electron-dense bands that interrupted the longitudinally-arranged microfilaments and dense bodies of many of the tumor cells. The bands superficially resembled anomalous Z-bands seen in nemalin myopathy and aging rat cardiac muscle, but have not been described to occur in smooth muscle tumors. They are thought to represent condensations of dense bodies in degenerating tumor cells.
Forced Use Treatment of Chronic Hemiparesis

Twelve children (age 1 to 8 years) with chronic (>1 year) hemiparesis were treated by forced use, or constraint-induced, movement therapy at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Magnetische Eigenschaften von Fe3Al und FeAl und spezifische Wärmen bei tiefen Temperaturen

Wir berechneten die magnetischen Momente, die in Verbindung mit Fe-Atomen in Fe−Al-Legierungen auftreten, fur Umgebungen mit verschiedenen nachsten Nachbarn. Dazu analysierten wir die Ergebnisse aus fruheren Neutronenbeugungsexperimenten und aus neuen Messungen der Magnetisierung an Fe3Al-Proben mit bekannten Fernordnungsparametern. Die einander augenscheinlich widersprechenden Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen der magnetischen Eigenschaften konnen miteinander und mit dem Modell der atomaren Umgebung von nachsten Nachbarn in Einklang gebracht werden, wenn man die Ergebnisse eingehender magnetischer Messungen und Untersuchungen der spezifischen Warme bei tiefen Temperaturen mit folgenden Vorstellungen zu erklaren versucht: magnetische Cluster (μ ≃ 21 μB), individuelle Momente des Fe (μ ≃ 2,2 μB) und keine Momente, aber verstarkter Paramagnetismus der meisten Fe-Atome, je nach der lokalen atomaren Umgebung.
Prenatal Choices for Canadian Women: Individual Choice or the Public Good?

The SOGC Clinical Practice Guideline on Prenatal Screening for Fetal Aneuploidy,1 published last February, included the recommendation that all pregnant woman should be offered ultrasound and biochemical testing in the first or second trimester, which, together with maternal age, would determine the likelihood of a chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21 and 18) or a congenital fetal anomaly (neural tube defect, abdominal wall defect, or renal defect) and would detect a multiple pregnancy. The pre-existing indication for direct access to invasive genetic testing, that of being age 35 at the estimated date of delivery (EDD), is no longer considered appropriate. In addition to the above, biochemical screening can also identify risks for intrauterine fetal death and rare genetic conditions, such as X-linked ichthyosis and Smith-LemliOpitz syndrome. In an individual woman, if the calculated risk for aneuploidy or congenital anomaly is above the level established by the screening program, then the woman is offered more specific testing by means of amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, or ultrasound alone. Women who will be over the age of 40 at EDD are given the option of undergoing the screening protocols or proceeding directly to diagnostic testing (amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling) because of their a priori increased risk of a fetal chromosomal anomaly.
Investigation of Pathogenic Vibrio in coastal farm seawater

Objective:To investigate the distribution of Pathogenic Vibrio in coastal farm seawater.Methods: Coastal farm seawater were collected for identification and drug sensitivity tests of Pathogenic Vibrio.Results: 34 strains Pathogenic Vibrio were detected from 18 water specimens.Conclusion: This investigation will be of important significance for disease control of human and biological.
Strength of Drug–Polymer Interactions: Implications for Crystallization in Dispersions

We investigated the influence of the strength of drug–polymer interactions on the crystallization behavior of a model drug in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Ketoconazole ASDs were prepared with each poly(acrylic acid), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Over a wide temperature range in the supercooled region, the α-relaxation time was obtained, which provided a measure of molecular mobility. Isothermal crystallization studies were performed in the same temperature interval using either a synchrotron (for low levels of crystallinity) or a laboratory X-ray (for crystallization kinetics) source. The stronger the drug–polymer interaction, the longer was the delay in crystallization onset time, indicating an increase in physical stability. Stronger drug–polymer interactions also translated to a decrease in the magnitude of the crystallization rate constant. In amorphous ketoconazole as well as in the dispersions, the coupling coefficient, a measure of the extent of coupling betwe...
Neoplasms of the kidney

The category of globally accepted neoplasms of the kidney continues to expand. Recognition of new entities is very important for care of patients and their families. For example, some new entities, such as clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma and t(6;11) translocation carcinoma, exhibit indolent behavior; others, such as SDHB renal cell carcinomas, are remarkably aggressive, and their correct diagnosis establishes a guarded prognosis and impacts family members as well. It is hoped that this chapter will assist the reader in navigating the diagnostic pitfalls involved in establishing an accurate diagnosis for the many different types of renal neoplasms.
Identification of the Protein That Interacts with the 3′ End of Histone mRNA

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the methods used to isolate and characterize the factor(s),that is, the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP), that interact with the 3′ end of histone messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). The replication-dependent histone mRNAs are unique among metazoan mRNAs in that they are the only mRNAs that do not have poly(A) tails. The replication-dependent histone genes for all five histone proteins are tightly linked and in mammals are present in two distinct clusters. There are a total of 50–60 genes for the replication-dependent histone mRNAs. The chapter discusses in detail about the detecting specific protein–RNA interactions. The chapter also explains the concepts related to in vitro processing of histone pre-mRNA, and isolation of polyribosomes. The chapter presents an overview of the isolation and characterization of RNA-binding proteins using the yeast three-hybrid system. β-galactosidase filter assay and elimination of the false positives are elaborated in depth. The chapter also discusses about in vitro translation and mobility shift assays using the reticulocyte lysate.
Perinatal factors associated with clinical presentation of osteosarcoma in children and adolescents

Background Osteosarcoma typically develops during puberty with tumors arising at sites of rapid bone growth, suggesting a role for growth-regulating pathways in tumor etiology. Birthweight is one measure of perinatal growth that has been investigated as an osteosarcoma risk factor. Whether birthweight affects clinical features of osteosarcoma remains unexplored. Method Six hundred seventy patients with osteosarcoma, aged 0–19 years, were identified through the California Cancer Registry. We analyzed birth certificate data from the California Department of Public Health vital statistics unit for these patients and 2,860 controls, matched by sex, birth-year, and race/ethnicity. We examined the impact of birthweight on the risk, timing, and clinical presentation of pediatric osteosarcoma including tumor location, size, extension, differentiation, presence of metastasis, and age at onset. Regression models were adjusted for race, sex, gestational age, socioeconomic status, and tumor site. Results Higher birthweight was associated with more advanced tumor stage (P = 0.017), a trend toward greater tumor extension into surrounding tissues (P = 0.083), and with occurrence of tumors in sites other than the long bones of the arms/legs (P = 9.7 × 10−3). Higher birthweight was also associated with an increased likelihood of metastases present at diagnosis (P = 0.047), with each 200 g increase in birthweight associated with a 1.11-fold increase in the odds of having metastatic disease (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.22). Conclusions The association between higher birthweight and more aggressive osteosarcoma, frequently occurring at sites other than the long bones, suggests that growth pathways active during gestation may play an important role in future osteosarcoma progression, especially at anatomic sites with diminished rates of osteoblastic proliferation.
Atomic norm minimization for modal analysis with random spatial compression

Identifying characteristic vibrational modes and frequencies is of great importance for monitoring the health of structures such as buildings and bridges. In this work, we address the problem of estimating the modal parameters of a structure from small amounts of vibrational data collected from wireless sensors distributed on the structure. We consider a randomized spatial compression scheme for minimizing the amount of data that is collected and transmitted by the sensors. Using the recent technique of atomic norm minimization, we show that under certain conditions exact recovery of the mode shapes and frequencies is possible. In addition, in a simulation based on synthetic data, our method outperforms a singular value decomposition (SVD) based method for modal analysis that uses the uncompressed data set.
Rist: An Interface Design Project for Indoor Navigation

This poster presents the findings from a semester long project that explored interface design for indoor wayfinding. In the project called RIST, we designed and evaluated the usability of a wayfinding interface within the context of a grocery shopping application. Through a formative study consisting of remote surveys, contextual interviews and observations, we identified the challenges in navigating in an indoor space. Next, we evaluated user preference and comfort for the navigation experience using a Smartwatch. We also evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of using a watch interface to that of a head mounted device. Using feedbacks through lab and in-context user testing, we iteratively optimized the presentation of complex information on the interface. We understood the parameters essential to optimize grocery shopping navigation experience, and concluded the project with a high-fidelity prototype. For example, we found that the relative direction guidance was more preferred over exact Cartesian mapping. In the poster, we discuss factors- such as usage of multiple devices and device sharing behavior-that influenced our decisions throughout the iteration process. Here we present such guidelines abstracted from our observation and findings that can help inform designers and researchers on the presentation of information rich tasks such as navigation and content browsing on small screen devices.
Physics Model-Based Scatter Correction in Multi-Source Interior Computed Tomography

Multi-source interior computed tomography (CT) has a great potential to provide ultra-fast and organ-oriented imaging at low radiation dose. However, X-ray cross scattering from multiple simultaneously activated X-ray imaging chains compromises imaging quality. Previously, we published two hardware-based scatter correction methods for multi-source interior CT. Here, we propose a software-based scatter correction method, with the benefit of no need for hardware modifications. The new method is based on a physics model and an iterative framework. The physics model was derived analytically, and was used to calculate X-ray scattering signals in both forward direction and cross directions in multi-source interior CT. The physics model was integrated to an iterative scatter correction framework to reduce scatter artifacts. The method was applied to phantom data from both Monte Carlo simulations and physical experimentation that were designed to emulate the image acquisition in a multi-source interior CT architecture recently proposed by our team. The proposed scatter correction method reduced scatter artifacts significantly, even with only one iteration. Within a few iterations, the reconstructed images fast converged toward the “scatter-free” reference images. After applying the scatter correction method, the maximum CT number error at the region-of-interests (ROIs) was reduced to 46 HU in numerical phantom dataset and 48 HU in physical phantom dataset respectively, and the contrast-noise-ratio at those ROIs increased by up to 44.3% and up to 19.7%, respectively. The proposed physics model-based iterative scatter correction method could be useful for scatter correction in dual-source or multi-source CT.
Acquired Elliptocytosis as a Manifestation of Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Ring Sideroblasts and Multilineage Dysplasia

Acquired elliptocytosis is a known but rarely described abnormality in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Here we report the case of an elderly male who was admitted to the hospital with chest pain, dyspnea, and fatigue and was found to be anemic with an elliptocytosis that had only recently been noted on peripheral smears of his blood. After bone marrow biopsy he was diagnosed with MDS with ring sideroblasts and multilineage dysplasia and acquired elliptocytosis. Here we report a rare case of acquired elliptocytosis cooccurring with MDS with ring sideroblasts and multilineage dysplasia.
Sources of Federalism: An Empirical Analysis of the Court's Quest for Original Meaning

Although a debate continues to rage in the academy and on the Court about the propriety of originalism as a methodology of constitutional interpretation, in federalism cases both the majority and the dissent on the current Court appear to have embraced the approach. Yet their agreement ends there; the Court has consistently divided 5-4 in federalism cases. What explains the disagreement among Justices who appear to agree that the original understanding of the Constitution is also its current meaning? This article presents the results of a study of citation patterns in federalism cases since 1970. The study demonstrates that the Court's current majority in federalism cases gives substantially more weight than does the dissent to Anti-Federalist views. To the extent that the majority relies on Federalist views in establishing the original understanding, it is substantially more likely than the dissent to cite Federalist statements that appear to have been made to allay Anti-Federalist fears about the power of the national government or that (at a minimum) demonstrate more solicitude for state autonomy. Conversely, the dissent is substantially more likely than the majority to cite as evidence of the original understanding the more unabashedly nationalistic views of Federalists; the majority rarely cites these nationalistic statements as evidence of original meaning, choosing instead to discount them as outside the framing mainstream or to read them narrowly or in a context that renders them more federalistic in nature. The results of the study have implications for originalism. Although proponents of originalism have defended the approach on the ground (among others) that it constrains judges' discretion to impose their own views under the guise of constitutional interpretation, the study suggests that judges seeking the original understanding are largely unconstrained in their ability to mold the historical record to serve instrumentalist goals.