cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wireality: Enabling Complex Tangible Geometries in Virtual Reality with Worn Multi-String Haptics

Today's virtual reality (VR) systems allow users to explore immersive new worlds and experiences through sight. Unfortunately, most VR systems lack haptic feedback, and even high-end consumer systems use only basic vibration motors. This clearly precludes realistic physical interactions with virtual objects. Larger obstacles, such as walls, railings, and furniture are not simulated at all. In response, we developed Wireality, a self-contained worn system that allows for individual joints on the hands to be accurately arrested in 3D space through the use of retractable wires that can be programmatically locked. This allows for convincing tangible interactions with complex geometries, such as wrapping fingers around a railing. Our approach is lightweight, low-cost, and low-power, criteria important for future, worn consumer uses. In our studies, we further show that our system is fast-acting, spatially-accurate, high-strength, comfortable, and immersive.
Pandemic ponderings, 30 years to today: synchronous signals, saviors, or survivors?

The mandate for K-12 and higher education instructors to teach online during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a wide range of experiences, preferences, challenges, complaints, and successes; espec...
Question Answering over Knowledge Base using Language Model Embeddings

Knowledge Base, represents facts about the world, often in some form of subsumption ontology, rather than implicitly, embedded in procedural code, the way a conventional computer program does. While there is a rapid growth in knowledge bases, it poses a challenge of retrieving information from them. Knowledge Base Question Answering is one of the promising approaches for extracting substantial knowledge from Knowledge Bases. Unlike web search, Question Answering over a knowledge base gives accurate and concise results, provided that natural language questions can be understood and mapped precisely to an answer in the knowledge base. However, some of the existing embedding-based methods for knowledge base question answering systems ignore the subtle correlation between the question and the Knowledge Base (e.g., entity types, relation paths, and context) and suffer from the Out Of Vocabulary problem. In this paper, we focused on using a pre-trained language model for the Knowledge Base Question Answering task. Firstly, we used Bert base uncased for the initial experiments. We further fine-tuned these embeddings with a twoway attention mechanism from the knowledge base to the asked question and from the asked question to the knowledge base answer aspects. Our method is based on a simple Convolutional Neural Network architecture with a Multi-Head Attention mechanism to represent the asked question dynamically in multiple aspects. Our experimental results show the effectiveness and the superiority of the Bert pre-trained language model embeddings for question answering systems on knowledge bases over other well-known embedding methods.
The balanced truncation bound is tight for SISO systems when the truncated system is state-space symmetric.

Balanced truncation model reduction for linear dynamical systems yields a reduced-order model that satisfies a well-known error bound involving the system's Hankel singular values. We show that this bound holds with equality for a certain class of single-input, single-output systems exhibiting a particular state-space symmetry. This result extends to singular perturbation balancing. We illustrate the result with an example from power-system modeling.
Nonlinear Tensor Completion Using Domain Knowledge: An Application in Analysts' Earnings Forecast

Financial analysts' earnings forecast is one of the most critical inputs for security valuation and investment decisions. However, it is challenging to utilize such information for two main reasons: missing values and heterogeneity among analysts. In this paper, we show that one recent breakthrough in nonlinear tensor completion algorithm, CoSTCo [1], overcomes the difficulty by imputing missing values and significantly improves the forecast accuracy in earnings. Compared with conventional imputation approaches, CoSTCo effectively captures latent information and reduces the tensor completion errors by 50%, even with 98% missing values. Furthermore, we show that using firm characteristics as auxiliary information we can improve firms' earnings prediction accuracy by 6%. Results are consistent using different performance metrics and across various industry sectors. Notably, the performance improvement is more salient for the sectors with high heterogeneity. Our findings imply the successful application of advanced ML techniques in a real financial problem.
The Stalking of Clinicians by Their Patients

Publisher Summary This chapter reflects on the knowledge and participation with several dozen cases, in which patients or their relatives have formed pathologic attachments to clinicians. It discusses nine case examples to depict the different forms of stalking of clinicians by their patients. The first case study deals with the complexities of confrontation and prosecution. In this case, a psychiatrist took on the treatment of a borderline patient with a history of sexual abuse and intermittent suicidal ideation. The second case examples deals with a male psychiatry resident in training who agreed to take up treatment of a 39-year-old borderline woman prone to alcohol abuse and self-mutilation. In the third case, a 40-year-old female psychiatrist and single parent practicing in a large, academic teaching hospital agreed to treat a 20-year-old who had a borderline personality disorder. The fourth case illustrates the problem of telephone harassment. The fifth case reveals the scope of stalking behavior and the impact it can have on a clinician's professional life. On the whole, the clinician should be attuned to early unsuitable behaviors that mirror an unbalanced change.
Me Bastard, You Bastard: Multiculturalism at Home and Abroad

JAPANKA AND OBA-CHAN From Rovinj's post office to the old harbor it is some three hundred paces. You pass a half-dozen cafes. With a slight effort you can make it an even dozen. A shot of Istra Bitter here, a Pelinkovac there, Malvazija, Malvasia, before you know it, it's time for dinner. Yasuko does not take that route, I know. Two boys are chasing each other across the small slab of concrete behind the news kiosk. As she passes, they glance up and, without ceasing to run after each other in circles that now encompass her, begin calling, "Japanka, japankal" The road curves around the ancient movie house, now locked up, the words Kino and Cine fading on the crumbling facade, a heavy Habsburg rectangle, fifteen feet from the water. On file at City Hall are numerous ambitious and unrealized plans to resurrect it. Its solid stone appearance, like most old houses here, is belied by the bricks showing where the plaster has worn away. This is the only point of land visible between the old harbor and the new, where Austrians, Italians, Germans, and Croats from Zagreb keep their yachts for infrequent weekend sails. Before the 1991 war, many Serbs from Belgrade had yachts here, too. I catch sight of her as she rounds the corner, with the unfortunate floating pizzeria to her left. She must see the old harbor in full view now, a semi-circle of dappled one-, two-, and three-storied struc tures set thirty feet back, enough space for hundreds of small tables and thousands of chairs, a narrow paved road, and a wide walk beside the water. The huge stones are worn smooth, slick. There is no barrier. Walk to the edge and you may fall in, though more like ly you'll hit one of the tiny boats that, tied together and stacked three and four deep, cover the first fifty feet of the water's surface except during the early morning fishing hours. Until a few years ago, Ligio Zanini kept a boat here. Every morning he would collect his nets, exchanging a word or two of rovignese with his compatri ots, and set out down the coast between Saint Catherine's and Red Island, named for the old brickworks. Thanks to his collection of
Studies on peroxisomes of the adult rat Leydig cell.

The aims of this study were to differentially identify peroxisomes and lysosomes in Leydig cells of the sexually mature rat using cytochemical techniques, to describe the size and shape of peroxisomal profiles, and to localize catalase and sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP2) in Leydig cell peroxisomes. Peroxisome profiles, identified by cytochemical staining for catalase activity using 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) were categorized according to their longest diameter as small (less than 0.18 μm), intermediate (0.18–0.45 μm), and large (more than 0.45 μm); and according to their shape, which were designated as circular, oval, and dumbbell. Together these peroxisomal profiles occupied 11.2 μm3/Leydig cell. Lysosomes, identified in the same tissue sections as acid phosphatase positive organelles, occupied 12.9 μm3/Leydig cell. Negative bodies with morphology identical to cytochemically unstained peroxisomes also were detected. These organelles occupied 14.5 μm3/Leydig cell. Catalase was immunolocalized exclusively in Leydig cell peroxisomes using AuroProbe EM protein A G10 (ie, 10 nm gold particles). Sterol carrier protein-2 was immunolocalized in Leydig cell peroxisomes by AuroProbe EM protein A G15 (ie, 15 nm gold particles). Immunolocalization of catalase and SCP2 using 10 nm and 15 nm gold particles in the same peroxisomes confirmed that Leydig cell peroxisomes contain SCP2. Taken together, these results show conclusively that adult rat Leydig cell peroxisomal profiles occur in different shapes and sizes, which suggests the existence of a network of peroxisomes, rather than peroxisomes occurring as separate isolated organelles. More importantly, the present study demonstrates for the first time that Leydig cell peroxisomes contain SCP2. The fact that Leydig cell peroxisomes contain SCP2, suggests that they may be involved in LH stimulated Leydig cell testosterone production.
Second-generation everolimus-eluting stents compared to first-generation drug-eluting stents in patients treated for multivessel disease.

Objective This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of everolimus-eluting stents (EES) to first-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) in multivessel disease (MVD). Background Second-generation EES have demonstrated superiority over first-generation DES for single-vessel disease, although the merits of EES in MVD are less established. Methods A cohort of 1,285 patients (3,124 lesions) with ≥2 diseased vessels were treated with either first-generation DES (n = 1,002) or EES (n = 283). The rates of death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization, definite stent thrombosis, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the combined incidence of target vessel revascularization, death, and non-fatal myocardial infarction, were compared at 1 year. Results Baseline characteristics were similar except for a lower left ventricular ejection fraction and a lower incidence of stable angina pectoris in the first-generation DES group (P = 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). At 1 year, the MACE rate was lower in the EES group (9.5P% vs. 15.7%; P = 0.01). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that EES use predicted a higher chance of freedom from MACE at 1 year (hazard ratio 0.58 [0.38–0.87]; P = 0.009; 95% confidence interval). Conclusions The use of EES in patients with MVD is safe with signals for improved effectiveness compared to first-generation DES. Randomized trials comparing new-generation DES to coronary artery bypass grafting surgery are warranted.
Biophysical and biochemical investigations of dsRNA-activated kinase PKR.

Abstract Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) is a serine/threonine kinase that contains an N-terminal RNA-binding domain (dsRNA) and a C-terminal kinase domain. On binding viral dsRNA molecules, PKR can become activated and phosphorylate cellular targets, such as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF-2α). Phosphorylation of eIF-2α results in attenuation of protein translation initiation. Therefore, PKR plays an integral role in the antiviral response to cellular infection. Here we provide a methodological framework for probing PKR function by use of assays for phosphorylation, RNA–protein stability, PKR dimerization, and in vitro translation. These methods are complemented by nuclear magnetic resonance approaches for probing structural features of PKR activation. Considerations required for both PKR and dsRNA sample preparation are also discussed.
RECONSTRUCTING THE CONTESTED PAST

Qurratulain Hyder's River of Fire (originally ‘Aag Ka Darya’) is an astounding work spanning over 2,500 years of Indian history through a plethora of multifarious characters. While the work has been hailed as one of the best novels not only in Urdu but also in the entire gamut of South Asian literature, surprisingly it has received very minimal critical attention. However, it generated controversy in Pakistan for its highlighting of the composite Indo-Muslim culture of pre-Partition India, which was not in sync with the ideologies of theocratic nationalism. In this essay I look at the various methods Hyder uses to construct a synthesized past based on an alternative historiography that can be read as challenging the narratives of fragmentation not only in the discourse of Partition but also in the 1990s upsurge of anti-Muslim sentiment in the wake of the Ramjanmabhoomi movement for a pure Hindu India. The novel has immense pertinence in the context of modern India in its potential to challenge the sectari...
Sexting Among Married Couples: Who Is Doing It, and Are They More Satisfied?

Abstract This study examined the prevalence and correlates of sexting (i.e., sending sexual messages via mobile phones) within a sample of married/cohabiting couples (180 wives and 175 husbands). Married adults do sext each other, but it is much less common than within young adult relationships, and consists mainly of sexy or intimate talk (29% reported engaging in sexy talk with partners) rather than sexually explicit photos or videos (12% reported sending nude or nearly-nude photos). Sending sexy talk messages was positively related to relationship satisfaction only among those with high levels of avoidance, and sending sexually explicit pictures was related to satisfaction for men, and for women with high levels of attachment anxiety. Additionally, sending sexually explicit pictures was related to greater ambivalence among both men and women. These findings support and extend previous research with young adults.
The Use of Mind-Body Practices in Counseling: A Grounded Theory Study

In U.S. culture, there is increasing interest in using complementary therapies (CT), which the National Institutes of Health also refer to as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In clinical mental health counseling, there has been little research on CT use, though there is potential for CT practices to illuminate perspectives on professional identity, ethical practices, and responsiveness to client needs. This grounded theory study examined the use of CT by 16 professional counselors across the United States to increase understanding of how and why practitioners use CT. The findings revealed four key categories that delineate the use of mind-body practices in counseling: (a) experiences with CT; (b) beliefs creating openness to CT; (c) development of CT competence; and (d) reinforcement of CT use in professional practice. Implications for exploring CT in clinical counseling are discussed (see also Nichols, 2012).
Genetic evidence for interaction between the CheW and Tsr proteins during chemoreceptor signaling by Escherichia coli.

Abstract This study presents two lines of genetic evidence consistent with the premise that CheW, a cytoplasmic component of the chemotactic signaling system of Escherichia coli, interacts directly with Tsr, the membrane-bound serine chemoreceptor. (i) We demonstrated phenotypic suppression between 10 missense mutant CheW proteins and six missense mutant Tsr proteins. Most of these mutant proteins had leaky chemotaxis defects and were partially dominant, implying relatively minor functional alterations. Their suppression pattern was allele specific, suggesting that the mutant proteins have compensatory conformational changes at sites of interactive contact. (ii) We isolated five partially dominant CheW mutations and found that four of them were similar or identical to the suppressible CheW mutant proteins. This implies that there are only a few ways in which CheW function can be altered to produce dominant defects and that dominance is mediated through interactions of CheW with Tsr. The amino acid replacements in these mutant proteins were inferred from their DNA sequence changes. The CheW mutations were located in five regularly spaced clusters in the first two-thirds of the protein. The Tsr mutations were located in a highly conserved region in the middle of the cytoplasmic signaling domain. The hydrophobic moments, overall hydrophobicities, and predicted secondary structures of the mutant segments were consistent with the possibility that they are located at the surface of the CheW and Tsr molecules and represent the contact sites between these two proteins.
Introducción experimental de Ziziphus celata en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre del Lago Wales Ridge

El Ziziphus de Florida (Ziziphus celata), un arbusto espinoso de la familia Rhamnaceae, es una de las plantas mas raras y en peligro de desaparecer del Lago Wales Ridge en el centro de Florida, una region reconocida por su alto nivel de endemismo. El Ziziphus de Florida comprende solo siete poblaciones con pocos individuos, la mayoria de las cuales son autoesteriles. La especie es auto-incompatible y la mayoria de los 11 genotipos conocidos son tambien incompatibles. Recientemente, investigadores de la Estacion Biologica Archbold y del Historic Bok Sanctuary (el cual mantiene una poblacion ex situ que comprende todos los genotipos conocidos) realizaron una introduccion experimental de Ziziphus en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre del Lago Wales Ridge. Unas plantulas previamente mantenidas en maceta (144) y semillas (1728) fueron trasplantadas al habitat natural mas comun del Ziziphus, las dunas arenosas. La introduccion se diseno como un experimento para explorar los requerimientos ambientales del Ziziphus, las ventajas de diferentes tecnicas de trasplante (semillas vs. plantulas) y el desempeno ("performance") de propagulos que representan toda la gama de genotipos. Al termino de seis meses, cerca del 90% de las plantulas introducidas sobreviven, y 62 semillas germinaron, 6 de las cuales produjeron plantulas que siguen vivas.
The Naming of Syndromes

Excerpt To paraphrase the old conundrum, when is a name not a name? The answer is, when one is describing a syndrome. For inevitably some years after the second case of Noseaneez syndrome is descri...
Primary tendon healing: A review

Clinical and experimental studies on primary tendon healing are reviewed and correlated. Emphasis is placed on the importance of blending the extratendinous and intratendinous elements of tendon healing to obtain optimal functional results. Studies which demonstrate the ability of tendon cells to metabolize, proliferate, and secrete collagen when isolated from paratendinous tissue are cited along with those which demonstrate the importance of the microcirculation of the tendon in tendon healing. Those factors which interfere with intratendinous healing are discussed, such as invasive suture techniques, tension on the area of repair, and interference with segmental blood supply within zone II. The importance of the synovial sheath and synovial fluid in nourishing tendon cells and the effect of ischemia in stimulating the ingrowth of adhesions are brought out. Discussion includes such factors involved in the postoperative management of tendon repairs as those which affect the strength of tendon repairs and quantitative and qualitative methods of modifying adhesion formation.
Toward a Definition of International and Comparative Library Science

(1973). Toward a Definition of International and Comparative Library Science. International Library Review: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 289-319.
Magnetic Flux Emergence into the Solar Corona. III. The Role of Magnetic Helicity Conservation

This paper treats the reconfiguration of a twisted magnetic field, from an initial two-flux system containing a current sheet to a minimum-energy state, under the conservation of total relative magnetic helicity. In the specific model presented, we assume that a fresh magnetic field of the opposite polarity has emerged into a corona containing a preexisting magnetic field, both represented by constant-? force-free fields with the same constant ?. The magnetic reconnection that takes place between the two twisted magnetic flux systems during a relaxation is assumed to take the field to a minimum-energy state that keeps the total relative magnetic helicity conserved. Our calculations suggest that this kind of relaxation may result in the formation of magnetic flux ropes and may change the twist directions in flux ropes in situations where flux ropes exist in the emerging or preexisting fields. These effects are all due to the interplays between the internal magnetic helicities of the two flux systems and their mutual magnetic helicity, with redistribution of these helicities through magnetic reconnection. In the absence of an interior current sheet, the lowest ? force-free field always has the minimum magnetic energy for a given magnetic helicity, as Berger has shown. When an interior current sheet is present, this result breaks down. The lowest ? force-free magnetic field with an interior equilibrium current sheet does not always have the minimum magnetic energy for a given total magnetic helicity. Implications of our results for flux emergence in the solar corona are also addressed.
Decision-making processes in joined criminal trials

According to law, a defendant may be tried for more than one offense in a single trial. The present research investigated the effects of such “joinder” on jurors' decision processes. In Study 1, representative juror subjects viewed a realistic videotaped trial containing the same “target offense” either tried by itself or in a joined trial of three offenses that varied as a function of (a) charge similarity, (b) evidence similarity, and (c) judges' instructions designed to reduce judgment biases. Subjects provided individual verdicts, deliberated in groups of six and reached a group verdict, and responded to a questionnaire that assessed processing of trial information. The results indicated that a defendant was more likely to be convicted on a particular charge in a joined trial than on the same charge tried by itself, and judges' instructions were totally ineffective at reducing judgment biases. Joinder led to confusion of evidence and negative inferences about the defendant. Study 2 replicated and exte...
Development of a Marriage Problems Scale for Use with Older Couples

The purpose of this study was the development and initial validation of a new marital assessment instrument for use with individuals age 50 and over (the Marriage Problems Scale-50+). Subjects' responses to an interview and several existing marital assessment instruments were used to construct an initial pool of 94 items for the MPS-50+. This version of the MPS-50+ was administered to subjects in a second round of data collection and was then shortened and refined via principal components factor analysis, yielding a 50-item scale. The final version of the MPS-50+ is presented, along with data supporting the reliability and validity of this new scale.
A transient pyramidal tract projection from the visual cortex in the hamster and its removal by selective collateral elimination.

During the early postnatal development of the neocortex in rats there is an axonal projection from the occipital cortex (which includes the visual cortex) to the spinal cord which is subsequently completely removed through a process of selective collateral elimination. In order to determine whether a similar phenomenon occurs during the development of the hamster cortex, we have injected the retrogradely transported fluorescent dye Fast Blue (FB) into the pyramidal decussation of hamsters at various ages. In adult hamsters such an injection results in a band of labeled neurons confined to layer V and to about the rostral two-thirds of the neocortex; no labeled cells are seen in the occipital cortex. However, a similar FB injection made during the first postnatal week results after a 4-day survival in a continuous band of FB-labeled layer V neurons spread throughout the tangential extent of the neocortex, including the occipital cortex. A similar continuous band of FB labeled layer V neurons is seen throughout the tangential extent of the neocortex including the occipital region in hamsters injected during the first postnatal week but allowed to survive until the fourth week (i.e., after the restriction of the widespread neonatal pattern has occurred). Injections of the anterograde tracer wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase made into the occipital cortex, or for comparison, into more rostral cortical regions in hamsters ranging in age from neonates to adults, reveal that the extension of pyramidal tract axons is staggered along the anterioposterior axis of the cortex such that axons originating from the posterior regions lag behind those arising from more rostral areas. The transient occipital projection appears to reach a maximum around the end of the first postnatal week: a large number of labeled occipital axons is seen in the medullary pyramidal tract, and some of these can be followed through the pyramidal decussation and into the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord. Injections into the occipital cortex on P16 label only a few fibers in the medullary pyramidal tract, and none is labeled in hamsters injected as adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Abstract IA14: Investigating the ICOS/ICOSL pathway as a target for combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4.

Biomarker studies used with immunotherapeutic strategies in the clinic have typically involved monitoring immunologic changes within the systemic circulation; however, recent data indicate that immunological changes within tumor tissues will be more likely to predict clinical responses. To obtain such data we conducted the first pre-surgical clinical trial with anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) in a cohort of patients with localized bladder cancer. We are also conducting the first combination therapy pre-surgical trial with ipilimumab plus leuprolide acetate in patients with localized prostate cancer. Immunological data from these trials are obtained from both tumor tissues and blood samples. We found an increased frequency of CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing high levels of inducible costimulator (ICOS) and decreased frequency of FOXP3-expressing CD4 T cells within tumor tissues of treated patients. The CD4+ICOShi population contained effector T cells that produced IFN-γ and recognized the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 expressed on tumor cells. We therefore identified ICOS as marker of a subset of effector T cells that is increased in frequency after anti-CTLA-4 therapy. ICOS+ T cells are being explored as both a pharmacodynamic marker for treatment with anti-CTLA-4 as well as a novel target to improve the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 therapy. These observations led us to test the possibility that engagement of ICOS could enhance the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 therapy. To this end we transduced mouse B16F10 melanoma cells with a cDNA encoding ICOSL or a control construct. B16-ICOSL+ cells (IVAX) and control B16 cells were irradiated and used alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 to treat mice bearing established B16F10 tumors. We found that combination of the IVAX with anti-CTLA-4 was markedly more effective than the control vaccine plus anti-CTLA-4 or that of any single treatment alone. The increase in therapeutic efficacy was accompanied by a marked in increase in the density and functionality of CD4 and CD8 T cells within the tumor. These results suggest a novel strategy for manipulating the immune system to enhance anti-tumor responses: checkpoint blockade coupled with provision of agonist signals to enhance costimulation mediated by ICOS. Citation Format: Padmanee Sharma. Investigating the ICOS/ICOSL pathway as a target for combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
Complementarity of blue dye and isotope in sentinel node localization for breast cancer: univariate and multivariate analysis of 966 procedures.

Background: The hypothesis that sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in breast cancer patients is optimized by combining blue dye and isotope is reasonable and intuitive. Despite this, few studies examine in detail the factors contributing to the success of these techniques, either individually or in combination. Methods: During a time period of 21/2 years, 1000 consecutive patients at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center had SLN mapping performed by using both blue dye and isotope, with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (LSG). Among the 966 patients with invasive cancer, 12 variables were examined for their correlation with the success of SLN localization by blue dye, by isotope, and by the combined method, using univariate and multivariate models. Results: By univariate analysis, blue dye success was more frequent in association with: a positive LSG (P = .02), age ≤60 (P < .0005), a previous surgical biopsy (P = .03), and an outer quadrant tumor (P < .0005). Isotope success was more frequent with a positive LSG (P < .0005), age ≤60 (P = .004), and intradermal isotope injection (P < .0005). Combined (dye and/or isotope) success was more frequent when there was a positive LSG (P < .0005), age ≤60 (P = .006) and intradermal isotope injection (P < .0005). In multivariate analysis, blue dye success remained uniquely associated with outer quadrant tumor location (P < .0005), and isotope success was uniquely associated with intradermal isotope injection (P = .012). Combined success was more frequent with a positive LSG (P < .0005), age ≤60 (P = .033), and intradermal isotope injection (P = .003). Conclusions: The five variables associated with successful SLN localization by blue dye or by isotope overlap but are not identical. Only three of these, intradermal isotope injection, a positive LSG, and age <60, predicted success by the dye-isotope combination in the multivariate model. Dye and isotope complement each other, and SLN biopsy for breast cancer should use both.
Potential of SOFC CHP systems for energy-efficient commercial buildings

Abstract An energy-efficient and low-emissions solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) combined heat and power (CHP) system is a promising electric and thermal energy generation technology for implementation in future commercial buildings. Recently developed performance models for kW- and MW-sized SOFC CHP systems have been integrated into a building energy simulation model of a medium-sized (7000 m 2 ) office building to evaluate the potential of the system to lower annual utility costs and to reduce CO 2 emissions. An optimized 175 kW SOFC CHP system successfully lowered annual utility costs by up to 14.5% over a baseline HVAC system in locations with space heating-dominant loads. Potential CO 2 emissions were reduced by up to 62% over the baseline case for the optimized SOFC CHP systems. If the capital and installation costs of SOFC CHP systems are reduced in the near future, through the realization of cheaper, high-performance intermediate temperature SOFCs, the SOFC CHP system may be a promising energy-efficient and low-emitting alternative power and thermal energy cogeneration technology.
Combining Parenting and a Science Career

The sobering News Focus article “Family matters: Stopping tenure clock may not be enough” (Y. Bhattacharjee, 17 Dec. 2004, p. [2031][1]) shows how little has changed in the last 20 years to make child rearing possible for a woman scientist who receives her Ph.D. or M.D. around age 27, completes
Understanding the potential for collaborative search technologies in clinical settings

In this position paper, we report the findings of interviews with four medical doctors regarding the use of internet search by doctors and patients in support of the treatment process; we particularly focus on opportunities for collaboration between doctors and patients in clinical information retrieval scenarios.
Properties of the enzymes catalyzing the biosynthesis of lysophosphatidate and its ether analog in cultured fibroblasts from Zellweger syndrome patients and normal controls

The activities, properties, and steady-state kinetics of the five enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of 1-acyl- and 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in the cultured skin fibroblasts from Zellweger syndrome patients and normal controls were studied in detail. Judging from their Km and Vmax values, glycerol phosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.15), acyl/alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase (EC 1.1.1.101), and acyl coenzyme A reductase (long-chain alcohol forming), appear to be affected only slightly by the absence of peroxisomes characteristic of the Zellweger syndrome. Glycerophosphate acyltransferase also showed no differences in N-ethylmaleimide sensitivity nor in inhibition by dihydroxyacetone phosphate between these cell types. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.42) and alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase (EC 2.5.1.26) have altered activity and kinetic constants in homogenates from Zellweger syndrome fibroblasts. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase has similar Km (DHAP) values in both control and Zellweger syndrome cells; however, the value for the Vmax in Zellweger syndrome cells is only 6% of that found in the controls. This is interpreted as indicating that this enzyme is not defective in this disease but is simply present at a depressed level. Also, this enzyme activity has a maximum rate at pH 7.0-7.5 in the mutant cells as opposed to pH 5.4 in the controls. Acylation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate by control cell homogenate was stimulated by N-ethylmaleimide at both pH 5.7 and 7.5 whereas this activity from Zellweger syndrome cells was slightly inhibited at pH 5.7 and strongly inhibited at pH 7.5. In the absence of detergent, dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase in the Zellweger syndrome cells was much more labile to trypsin than in the control cells. Alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase had a slightly higher Km (33 vs 17 microM) for palmitoyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate and a lower Vmax (0.07 vs 0.24 mU/mg protein) in the Zellweger syndrome cells as compared to controls. Although this is a substantial decrease in activity, it probably contributes little to the decreased rate of ether lipid synthesis in these cells. The major problem in this respect is apparently the loss of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase activity. All of these enzymes, in both control and Zellweger syndrome cell homogenates, are sedimentable by centrifugation at 100,000g. Also, with the exception of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase they had similar patterns of inactivation by heat in both cell types.
Transmission overhaul and component replacement predictions using Weibull and renewal theory

Two methods of estimating the time between transmission overhauls and the number of replacement components needed were presented. The first method assumes replacement of all components during an overhaul of a failed transmission (full replacement method). The second method assumes replacement of failed components only (partial replacement method). Both methods assume the transmission components follow a two-parameter Weibull failure distribution. Renewal theory was presented to estimate the number of component replacements in a transmission for both methods. For the partial replacement method, renewal theory was used with the individual component life predictions to estimate the number of component replacements needed and the transmission time between overhauls. For the full replacement method, renewal theory was used with a transmission system life model to estimate the number of replacement transmissions needed and the transmission time between overhauls. Confidence statistics were applied to both methods to improve the statistical estimate of sample behavior. A transmission example was presented to illustrate use of both methods.
Characterization of Wall Modified Silica Capillaries for OTCEC and CE

Fused silica capillaries with an i.d. of 50 and 75 μm are chemically modified by the silanization/hydrosilation method to attach organic moieties for use in electrokinetic chromatography. An etching process was utilized to increase the surface area of the capillary inner wall. A comparison of Si-C bonded capillary columns to those obtained by conventional organosilanization (Si-O-Si-C) bond was performed. The etched capillaries after chemical modification are shown to have an anodic electroosmotic flow (EOF) below pH 4.5 while the bare modified capillaries show a cathodic EOF at all pH's studied. The use of these etched chemically modified capillaries eliminates the need for frits and the difficulties associated with packed capillaries such as bubble formation. This open tubular approach to CEC is also suitable for an analysis of a number of different types of basic compounds.
Applications of Heterogeneous Computing in Hardware/Software Co-Scheduling

Current work on automatic task partitioning and scheduling for reconfigurable computing (RC) systems strictly addresses the field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware, and does not take advantage of the synergy between the microprocessor and the FPGA. Efforts on partitioning between the microprocessor and the FPGA are often times a manual and laborious effort as a formal methodology for automatic hardware-software partitioning for RC systems has not yet been established. Related fields such as heterogeneous computing (HC) and embedded computing (EC) have an extensive body of work for scheduling for heterogeneous processors. In this work, we adapt HC scheduling algorithms for RC systems, and show how simply adapting the algorithms alone is not sufficient to take advantage of the reconfigurable hardware. In many cases, the HC heuristics algorithms do not generate efficient schedules necessary to take advantage of the synergy between the microprocessor and the FPGA. We introduce new heuristic algorithms based on HC scheduling algorithms and show that they provide up to an order of magnitude improvement in execution time.
Recycled Soybean Cooking Oils As Blending Stocks for Diesel Fuels

It has been proposed that renewable energy sources be substituted or at least used as blending stocks for middle distillate ground transportation fuels. The U.S. Navy is considering allowing up to 20% soybean biodiesel to be added as a blending stock to petroleum diesel fuels. It is important for operational considerations to look at the many positives and/or negatives that this could engender. Among the more important considerations are storage stability, filterability, fuel solubility, oxidative stability, and induced instability reactions. This paper reports on methylated recycled restaurant soybean cooking oils used as blending stocks for ground transportation diesel fuels. We compare this recycled soy liquid in blends of both 10% and 20% with petroleum middle distillate fuels for storage stability, oxidative stability, solubility, and chemical instability results. These results are contrasted to those of pure soy-derived fuel liquids used as blending stocks.
Comparison of breast milk vitamin A concentration measured in fresh milk by a rapid field assay (the iCheck FLUORO) with standard measurement of stored milk by HPLC.

Comparison of breast milk vitamin A concentration measured in fresh milk by a rapid field assay (the iCheck FLUORO) with standard measurement of stored milk by HPLC
A role for left temporal pole in the retrieval of words for unique entities.

Both lesion and functional imaging studies have implicated sectors of high-order association cortices of the left temporal lobe in the retrieval of words for objects belonging to varied conceptual categories. In particular, the cortices located in the left temporal pole have been associated with naming unique persons from faces. Because this neuroanatomical-behavioral association might be related to either the specificity of the task (retrieving a name at unique level) or to the possible preferential processing of faces by anterior temporal cortices, we performed a PET imaging experiment to test the hypothesis that the effect is related to the specificity of the word retrieval task. Normal subjects were asked to name at unique level entities from two conceptual categories: famous landmarks and famous faces. In support of the hypothesis, naming entities in both categories was associated with increases in activity in the left temporal pole. No main effect of category (faces vs. landmarks/buildings) or interaction of task and category was found in the left temporal pole. Retrieving names for unique persons and for names for unique landmarks activate the same brain region. These findings are consistent with the notion that activity in the left temporal pole is linked to the level of specificity of word retrieval rather than the conceptual class to which the stimulus belongs.
Synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines via solid-phase Aza-Wittig/electrocyclic ring closure reaction

An elegant solid-phase synthetic route of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives via Aza-Wittig/electrocyclic ring closure reaction was developed and validated. By manipulating the R group from the primary amine building block, one can easily prepare the library of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives.
EVENTS AND PREDICATION: A NEW APPROACH TO SYNTACTIC PROCESSING IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH. Montserrat Sanz . Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2000. Pp. xiv + 219. $73.00 cloth.

This book presents a syntactic analysis of predicate types in Spanish and English and two psycholinguistic experiments on unaccusativity in these languages. Assuming the minimalist framework ( Chomsky, 1995 ), Sanz proposes a parametric account of how event types are syntactically and morphologically encoded in Spanish and English. In chapter 1, Sanz argues that unaccusative verbs and other predicate types (transitive and unergatives) map onto different action types (activities, accomplishments, achievements, and states) in phrase structure. These event types, or Aktionsart , are encoded in the features of a functional projection Event Phrase. The features of this projection vary in Spanish and English. In Spanish, the projection has uninterpretable features and interpretable telicity features, which are checked overtly in the syntax by the clitic se , as in constructions like Juan se tomo una cerveza “Juan drank a beer” or El barco se hundio “The boat sank.” In English, the Event Phrase lacks uninterpretable features. Consequently, it has semantic content but is syntactically inactive. English calculates telicity in a projection within the VP called Transitive Phrase, where the features [±measure] are checked.
Effect of storage temperature and duration on quality and survival of potato transplants

Potato transplants (Solanum tuberosum) were harvested and stored at 1.7, 7.2, 12.8, 15.6 and 18.3°C between 4 and 8 days. The transplants were evaluated after storage for leaf color and drop, wilt, tuberization, and stolonization. After transplanting, the plants were evaluated for survival. At 1.7 and 7.2°C storage, the leaves were greener with less drop than at the higher temperatures. During storage above 7.2°C, the development of tubers and stolons continued. Plant survival was generally higher at 1.7, 7.2 and 12.8°C than at 15.6 and 18.3°C.
Hypoglycemic brain injury

Hypoglycemia frequently occurs in newborn infants who previously have suffered asphyxia, who are offspring of diabetic mothers, or who are low birthweight for gestational age (IUGR). Many infants who are hypoglycemic do not exhibit clinical manifestations, while others are symptomatic and at risk for the occurrence of permanent brain damage. This review emphasizes the clinical, neuropathologic, and neuro-imaging features of hypoglycemia in newborn infants, especially those who are symptomatic. Neurologic morbidity occurs particularly in those infants who have suffered severe, protracted, or recurrent symptomatic hypoglycemia. Experimental observations emphasize the resistance of the immature brain to the damaging effect of hypoglycemia; such resistance occurs as a consequence of compensatory increases in cerebral blood flow, lower energy requirements, higher endogenous carbohydrate stores, and an ability to incorporate and consume alternative organic substrates to spare glucose for energy production. Hypoglycemia combined with hypoxia-ischemia (asphyxia) is more deleterious to the immature brain than either condition alone.
A cholinergic-regulated circuit coordinates the maintenance and bi-stable states of a sensory-motor behavior during Caenorhabditis elegans male copulation.

Penetration of a male copulatory organ into a suitable mate is a conserved and necessary behavioral step for most terrestrial matings; however, the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms for this distinct social interaction have not been elucidated in any animal. During mating, the Caenorhabditis elegans male cloaca is maintained over the hermaphrodite's vulva as he attempts to insert his copulatory spicules. Rhythmic spicule thrusts cease when insertion is sensed. Circuit components consisting of sensory/motor neurons and sex muscles for these steps have been previously identified, but it was unclear how their outputs are integrated to generate a coordinated behavior pattern. Here, we show that cholinergic signaling between the cloacal sensory/motor neurons and the posterior sex muscles sustains genital contact between the sexes. Simultaneously, via gap junctions, signaling from these muscles is transmitted to the spicule muscles, thus coupling repeated spicule thrusts with vulval contact. To transit from rhythmic to sustained muscle contraction during penetration, the SPC sensory-motor neurons integrate the signal of spicule's position in the vulva with inputs from the hook and cloacal sensilla. The UNC-103 K+ channel maintains a high excitability threshold in the circuit, so that sustained spicule muscle contraction is not stimulated by fewer inputs. We demonstrate that coordination of sensory inputs and motor outputs used to initiate, maintain, self-monitor, and complete an innate behavior is accomplished via the coupling of a few circuit components.