cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Metoprolol Versus Diltiazem for Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation.

BackgroundCurrently, it remains unclear whether β-blockers or nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are preferred for the acute management of atrial fibrillation (AF).ObjectiveThe objective o...
Test and Analysis of Foam Impacting a 6x6 Inch Rcc Flat Panel

This report presents the testing and analyses of a foam projectile impacting onto thirteen 6x6 inch flat panels at a 90 degrees incidence angle. The panels tested in this investigation were fabricated of Reinforced-Carbon-Carbon material and were used to aid in the validation of an existing material model, MAT58. The computational analyses were performed using LS-DYNA, which is a physics-based, nonlinear, transient, finite element code used for analyzing material responses subjected to high impact forces and other dynamic conditions. The test results were used to validate LS-DYNA predictions and to determine the threshold of damage generated by the MAT58 cumulative damage material model. The threshold of damage parameter represents any external or internal visible RCC damage detectable by nondestructive evaluation techniques.
Molecular Weight of Adenovirus Type 2 Hexon Polypeptide

The fully dissociated hexon polypeptide of adenovirus type 2 has a molecular weight of 129,000 (+/-10,000) daltons as determined by high-speed sedimentation equilibrium in 6 m guanidine.
Topotecan: An evolving option in the treatment of relapsed small cell lung cancer

The topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan is the only single-agent therapy approved for the treatment of recurrent small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Many patients with recurrent SCLC may be predisposed to treatment-related adverse events because of the presence of comorbidities such as advanced age, renal impairment, or extensive prior therapy. In this setting, disease stabilization is considered a treatment benefit, and quality-of-life effects and toxicity profiles of treatments should be considered. The approved regimen of topotecan 1.5 mg/m² on days 1 to 5 of a 21-day cycle is active and has generally mild nonhematologic toxicity and a well-established hematologic toxicity profile characterized by reversible, manageable, and noncumulative neutropenia. Alternative dosing and treatment schedules may lower the incidence of hematologic toxicities while maintaining antitumor efficacy in this patient population. Therefore, topotecan may provide physicians with an effective and versatile therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with relapsed SCLC.
My Father's Wars: Migration, Memory, and the Violence of a Century

* Winner: International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry, Outstanding Book Award 2016 * My Father’s Wars is an anthropologist's vivid account of her father's journey across continents, countries, cultures, generations, and wars. It is a daughter's moving portrait of a charming, funny, wounded and difficult man. And it is a scholar's reflection on the dramatic forces of history, the experience of exile and immigration, the legacies of culture, and the enduring power of memory. This book is for Anthropology and Sociology courses in qualitative methods, ethnography, violence, migration, and ethnicity.
A Comparative Analysis of Point-of-View Modeling for Industrial and Technology Education Courses

Enrollment in technology education at the college level has been declining (Isbell & Lovedahl, 1989; Volk, 1997; Daugherty, 1998; Hill, 1999; Ndahi & Ritz, 2003; Moye, 2009). It is essential for technology teacher educators to investigate ways to increase the enrollment in their programs, or the profession may fail to provide technology teachers in the future (Ndahi & Ritz, 2003). A solution that several institutions with technology education programs have adopted is the offering of the program via distance learning. Distance learning “allows participants to collapse time and space” (Cole, 2000, p. ix). According to Flowers (2003) technology education programs “with a history of hands-on learning at the undergraduate level” have been slow to implement distance learning techniques and strategies (p. 64). Therefore, it is important to explore the extent to which distance-learning technologies such as video modeling can be used by industrial and technical teacher education faculty. The intention of this study is to add to the body of knowledge on effective video modeling procedures and, in particular, the point of view used when recording instructional videos.
A feedback-based adaptive multi-input multi-output signaling scheme

Achieving MIMO capacity requires knowledge of the channel state at the transmitter, which is impractical in systems with a limited feedback resource and high channel dynamics. The paper presents a feedback-based adaptive scheme utilizing a set of predetermined linear transformations. Given a channel realization, a transformation is chosen at the receiver based on an optimality criterion. The selected transformation is signaled to the transmitter with a minimum amount of feedback. We demonstrate that, with judicious choice of optimality criterion and transformation set, the proposed scheme provides 4.5 dB SNR gain over the open-loop MIMO scheme for a 2/spl times/2 scenario with only 2 bit feedback.
An Experimental Study of Dimuons Produced in High-Energy Neutrino Interactions

Results on production of dimuon events in high energy neutrino interactions are presented. The 18 observed like sign dimuon events with muon momentum cut of 9 GeV/c have a calculated background of 11.4±2.2 events. This yields an average rate for prompt like sign dimuon production of (1.0±0.7)x10-4 per charged current event. Some of the distributions of the kinematical variables indicate that not all observed events originate from the hadron shower background. The opposite-sign dimuon signal is consistent with the charm production model in which the second muon originates from the production and semileptonic decays of charm particles. The rate for such a process rises with energy and reaches a value of (9.0±1.1)x10-3 at Ev-200 GeV. The opposite-sign dimuon data were used for the extraction of the strange sea fraction in the nucleon expressed by the parameter K=2s(x)/(u(x)+d(x)). The data yield K=0.42+ 0.13/-0.10 over the full neutrino energy range 30-230 GeV, where errors include uncertainties due to statistics, hadron shower background subtraction, and charm quark mass and fragmentation. These parameters were unexpectedly found to be energy dependent : K=0.19 +0.18/-0.14 in 30-100 GeV energy range, and K=0.52 +0.17/-0.15 in 100-230 GeV range. The opposite-sign dimuon data were also used to measure the semileptonic branching ratio of neutrino produced charm particles decaying into muons. The measured value of B1=0.093 +0.022/-0.020 is consistent with the results extracted from the e+ e- and v-emulsion experiments.
The effect of chronologic age on the serum concentrations of amikacin in sick term and premature infants.

The intravenous administration of amikacin was studied during 61 courses of therapy in 40 infants who had a mean birth weight of 1,210 gm. A dose of 7.5 mg/kg of amikacin administered intravenously over one hour every 12 hours consistently produced peak blood concentrations within the therapeutic range during the first two weeks of life. As chronologic age increased beyond the second week of life, mean peak and trough amikacin blood concentrations progressively decreased. At CA≤14 days, 15 to 28 days, and ≥29 days mean peak amikacin blood values were 22.3, 21.4, and 19.8 μg/ml, respectively. The percentage of infants in each of these three age groups having at least one peak concentration
Using the IHE scheduled work flow integration profile to drive modality efficiency.

The IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise) Scheduled Work Flow integration profile describes a communication and work flow environment that provides benefits for radiology departments who want to standardize system software. The IHE technical framework defines this environment by specifying the systems involved and the messages exchanged by those systems. The Modality Worklist is a key component of the Scheduled Work Flow integration profile that allows an operator at each modality in the department to retrieve a list of scheduled procedure steps to perform and to automate the process of entering the correct patient identification information in all the images created with the modality. The IHE technical framework defines two transactions used by the modality to tell the Image Manager and Order Filler what was performed and how many images were acquired: the Modality Procedure Step in Progress and Modality Procedure Step Completed. Users who specify the Scheduled Work Flow integration profile will benefit immediately by achieving a certain baseline of functionality. However, users will derive further benefits of increased operational efficiency through negotiation with the providers of software solutions. The integration profile defines features that are optional; users should evaluate these features and request those that are determined to be beneficial.
Virus-like particles production in green plants

Viruses-like particles (VLPs), assembled from capsid structural subunits of several different viruses, have found a number of biomedical applications such as vaccines and novel delivery systems for nucleic acids and small molecules. Production of recombinant proteins in different plant systems has been intensely investigated and improved upon in the last two decades. Plant-derived antibodies, vaccines, and microbicides have received great attention and shown immense promise. In the case of mucosal vaccines, orally delivered plant-produced VLPs require minimal processing of the plant tissue, thus offering an inexpensive and safe alternative to more conventional live attenuated and killed virus vaccines. For other applications which require higher level of purification, recent progress in expression levels using plant viral vectors have shown that plants can compete with traditional fermentation systems. In this review, the different methods used in the production of VLPs in green plants are described. Specific examples of expression, assembly, and immunogenicity of several plant-derived VLPs are presented.
Purification of the Cucumber Necrosis Virus Replicase from Yeast Cells: Role of Coexpressed Viral RNA in Stimulation of Replicase Activity

Purified recombinant viral replicases are useful for studying the mechanism of viral RNA replication in vitro. In this work, we obtained a highly active template-dependent replicase complex for Cucumber necrosis tombusvirus (CNV), which is a plus-stranded RNA virus, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The recombinant CNV replicase showed properties similar to those of the plant-derived CNV replicase (P. D. Nagy and J. Pogany, Virology 276:279-288, 2000), including the ability (i) to initiate cRNA synthesis de novo on both plus- and minus-stranded templates, (ii) to generate replicase products that are shorter than full length by internal initiation, and (iii) to perform primer extension from the 3′ end of the template. We also found that isolation of functional replicase required the coexpression of the CNV p92 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the auxiliary p33 protein in yeast. Moreover, coexpression of a viral RNA template with the replicase proteins in yeast increased the activity of the purified CNV replicase by 40-fold, suggesting that the viral RNA might promote the assembly of the replicase complex and/or that the RNA increases the stability of the replicase. In summary, this paper reports the first purified recombinant tombusvirus replicase showing high activity and template dependence, a finding that will greatly facilitate future studies on RNA replication in vitro.
Forecasts of In-state Participation in Marine Recreational Fishing

Abstract In this paper, I present a model to estimate total participation in marine recreational fishing in the USA. I used the model to forecast the number of marine recreational fishermen in the years 1985, 1990, 2000, and 2025. The multivariate regression model explained almost 90% of the variation in numbers of anglers by the variables of state population size, population size of coastal counties, angler age, and length of tidal coastline. From this model, participation was forecast to increase in each state, particularly in those in the southeast USA. Overall, the number of marine anglers was forecast to increase 30% between the years 1980 and 2025 to nearly 14 million in marine coastal states. In addition, I illustrated how the forecasts of total participation can be used to roughly project the participation and fishing effort in specific fisheries.
Geologic Exploration of the Planets: The First 50 Years

Fifty years ago, on 14 December 1962, the Mariner 2 spacecraft flew by Venus and inaugurated the modern era of planetary exploration. Since that first Venus flyby, roughly 80 spacecraft have successfully probed, orbited, flown by, landed on, or roved on other planets, satellites, asteroids, and comets. As Carl Sagan used to say, only one generation of humankind can be the first explorers of the solar system, and we are that generation.
Therapeutic advances in pancreatic cancer.

Despite our improved understanding of pancreatic cancer biology and ability to perform more complex pancreatic cancer surgeries that produce better short-term outcomes, major progress toward increasing survival times has been painstakingly slow. Through the often-repeated, dismal survival statistics, it is easy to lose sight of real progress that has been made in pancreatic cancer therapy. It is particularly interesting to observe the extent to which these advances are interdependent and the effects they have had on practice. For example, during the past 5–10 years, we have seen widespread adoption of pancreatic imaging protocols that allow for objectively defined criteria of resectability. This has led to the definition of "borderline resectable pancreatic cancer"—a new clinical category that has affected the design of clinical trials. A major change in our surgical approach has been the move to minimally invasive pancreatectomy, which continues to gain broader acceptance and use, particularly for left-sided lesions. Although many new agents have been developed aimed at putative molecular targets, recent breakthroughs in therapy for advanced disease have arisen from our ability to safely give patients combination cytotoxic chemotherapy. We are now faced with the challenge of combining multidrug, cytotoxic chemotherapies with newer-generation agents. Ultimately, the hope is that drug combinations will be selected based on biomarkers, and strategies for pancreatic cancer therapy will be personalized, which could prolong patients' lives and reduce toxicity. We review the major advances in pancreatic cancer therapy during the last 5 years, and discuss how these have set the stage for greater progress in the near future.
50 A 1200 Vn-channel IGT

A 1200 V n-channel insulated gate transistor (IGT) has been designed and evaluated. To reduce the Miller capacitive coupling of the input and the output terminals during the transient conditions, the terraced gate design has been implemented. As a result, the Miller capacitance is lowered 4?5 times compared to conventional gate design. Also, the gate pad is placed at the centre of the pellet so that the intrinsic device turnon and turnoff times can be shorter. To prevent current crowding and thermal fatigue around a single emitter pad, a multiple emitter pad design scheme is adopted. The 1200 V n-IGTs have reached up to 114 A latch-up current at 150°C.
The Cost of Doing Business Abroad in Emerging Markets and the Role of MNC Parent Companies

This study examines the impact of MNC parents on the cost of doing business abroad (CDBA) of their foreign subsidiaries in emerging markets. Based on a case research, we found that MNC HQs can influence the activity‐based CDBA of their foreign subsidiaries through policies on technology royalties, expatriate expenses, and through helping the export business of their subsidiaries. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Versatile electrowetting arrays for smart window applications-from small to large pixels on fixed and flexible substrates

Abstract Versatile electrowetting (EW) arrays were fabricated with small to large pixels, on fixed glass and flexible polymer substrates, for smart window applications. EW prototypes on glass substrates were constructed with pixel sizes ranging from 50 μm×150 μm to 2 mm×2 mm. The dosing of the array with colored oil was achieved by dip coating the substrate through an oil film suspended on a water bath. The arrays can be driven by either DC or AC voltage. Optical transmission of the prototypes can be modulated from ∼5% to >70% with a relatively low applied voltage of ∼15 V. The switching speed of the prototype depends on oil properties and cell size, typically ∼10 ms for 300 μm×900 μm pixel cells. Flexible color EW array prototypes have been fabricated on polymer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, which can be switched reversibly by applying a relatively low voltage difference between the water and bottom electrode. The EW specifications are maintained even when the prototype is mechanically flexed. These results indicate the promise of EW technology for smart window applications.
Computing the electric potential of biomolecules: application of a new method of molecular surface triangulation

Une nouvelle methode est presentee pour definir une surface analytique lisse et triangulee pour des molecules biologiques. La surface produite par l'algorithme convient bien a la technique de polarisation de charge pour le calcul du potentiel electrostatique des molecules solvatees. Elle est aussi utilisee pour les calculs des surfaces et des volumes moleculaires. L'algorithme de triangulation peut etre utilise en combinaison avec les methodes electrostatiques pour calculer le potentiel electronique des molecules de forme arbitraire en solutions
The effect of core materials on magnetic amplifier circuits

This paper shows the hysteresis loop characteristics exhibited by four different core materials while actually employed in a magnetic amplifier circuit. These characteristics serve to point up differences which affect the operation of magnetic amplifiers. It is hoped that from this information the designer will be able to apply these characteristics to better advantage as well as to increase the field of application.
Potential for false positive identifications from large databases through tandem mass spectrometry.

The biomedical research community at large is increasingly employing shotgun proteomics for large-scale identification of proteins from enzymatic digests. Typically, the approach used to identify proteins and peptides from tandem mass spectral data is based on the matching of experimentally generated tandem mass spectra to the theoretical best match from a protein database. Here, we present the potential difficulties of using such an approach without statistical consideration of the false positive rate, especially when large databases, as are encountered in eukaryotes are considered. This is illustrated by searching a dataset generated from a multidimensional separation of a eukaroytic tryptic digest against an in silico generated random protein database, which generated a significant number of positive matches, even when previously suggested score filtering criteria are used. Keywords: database searching • peptide identification • proteomics • false positives
All Elder Abuse Perpetrators Are Not Alike The Heterogeneity of Elder Abuse Perpetrators and Implications for Intervention

The tendency to label all elder abuse perpetrators as the "bad guys" has diminished our ability to respond effectively. A review of the literature demonstrates that elder abuse perpetrators are in fact heterogeneous with important differences across types of abuse. A reformulation of perpetrator interventions away from a singular emphasis on prosecution to meaningful alternatives that utilize criminal justice and/or therapeutic approaches tailored to the needs of the case is needed. These interventions must incorporate the needs of both victims and perpetrators, take into consideration the type of abuse involved, acknowledge the variations in perpetrator culpability, and recognize the continuum of complexity among these cases. Without addressing these nuances, intervention and prevention efforts will be futile if not harmful.
Effects of Partial Reinforcement with Attitudinal Statements on a Lever-Raising Response

The effect of partial reinforcement on extinction was investigated in a free operant procedure, using similar attitude statements, dissimilar attitude statements, neutral statements of fact, and blank cards as reinforcers. A group partially rein forced with similar statements was more resistant to extinction than a group continuously reinforced. This effect was also found with dissimilar statements. No partial reinforcement effect was found with neutral statements or blank cards.
Surface-emitting slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers

A surface-emitting SCOWL is demonstrated using a deep etched 45° turning mirror, achieving 1 W q-CW output power, a diffraction-limited beam, and comparable efficiency to conventional edge-emitters. This design offers 2-D laser array scalability.
Lowered Ovarian Conversion of 14C-Pregnenolone to Progesterone and other Metabolites during Phenobarbital (PB) Block of PMS-Induced Ovulation in Immature Rats: Inhibition of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenation*

The effect of phenobarbital (PB) on the ovarian conversion of 4-14C-pregnenolone to progesterone, pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione, 3β-hydroxypregn- 4-en-20-one, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone was studied in proestrous PMS-primed immature rats. The data obtained from the PB-treated groups as compared to the untreated groups showed an appreciable decrease in the amount of radioactivity associated with progesterone, pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone and an increased accumulation of radiolabeled pregnenolone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone. No radioactivity was associated with 3β-hydroxypregn-4-en-20-one indicating that this compound is not the intermediate in the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone. The intermediate appears to be pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione. The results described in this paper suggest that phenobarbital is inhibiting the dehydrogenation step in the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone. These results and others from these laboratories suggest that the action of PB...
Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Human Fetus

Fetal cardiac arrhythmias have been recognized with increasing frequency during the past several years. Most fetal arrythmias are intermittent extrasystoles, often presenting as irregular pauses of rhythm. These are significant only when they occur with appropriate timing to initiate sustained tachycardia, mediated by anatomic bypass pathways. The most common important fetal arrhythmias are: 1) supraventricular tachycardias, and 2) severe bradyarrhythmias, associated with complete heart block. Symptomatic fetal tachycardias are usually supraventricular in origin, and may be associated with the developmet of hydrops fetalis. These patients may respond to antiarrhythmic drug therapy, administered via maternal ingestion or via direct fetal injection. Such therapy should be offered with careful fetal and maternal monitoring, and must be based on a logical, sequential analysis of the electrical mechanism underlying the arrhythmia, and an appreciation of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the maternal, placental fetal system. Bradycardia from complete heart block may either be associated with complex congential heart malformations involving the atrioventricular junction of the heart, or may present in fetuses with normal cardiac structure, in mothers with autoimmune conditions associated with high titres of anti-SS-A or anti-SS-B antibody, which cross the placenta to cause immune-related inflammatory damage to the fetal atroventricular node. This paper reviews experience with the analysis of fetal caridac rhythm, a detailed discussion of the pathophysiology of arrhythmias and their effect on the fetal circulatory system, and offers a logical framework for the construction of treatment algorithms for fetuses at risk for circulatory compromise from fetal arrhythmias.
Conductivity, Doping, and Redox Chemistry of a Microporous Dithiolene-Based Metal−Organic Framework

The new microporous metal−organic framework Cu[Ni(pdt)2] (pdt2− = pyrazine-2,3-dithiolate) is demonstrated to have an optical bandgap, p-type semiconductivity, and redox activity. The compound can be doped by using I2 as an oxidant, leading to an increase in conductivity by 4 orders of magnitude with retention of porosity.
A New Approach to the Emission Computerized Tomography Problem: Simultaneous Calculation of Attenuation and Activity Coefficients

In order to obtain truly quantitative reconstruction of gamma-emitter concentration in Emission Computerized Tomography (ECT) the attenuation within the region of interest has to be accounted for. In this report we propose to calculate simultaneously attenuation and activity concentration coefficients. Starting from the system of non-linear equations which describes the model of single photon gamma-ray emission in a discretized form we show how to reduce it to a mixed convex-concave feasibility problem and apply to it our method of Cyclic Subgradient Projections (CSP). This approach is discussed and some experimental results in its favor are presented.
Angling for Uniqueness in Enzymatic Preparation of Glycosides

In the early days of biocatalysis, limitations of an enzyme modeled the enzymatic applications; nowadays the enzyme can be engineered to be suitable for the process requirements. This is a general bird’s-eye view and as such cannot be specific for articulated situations found in different classes of enzymes or for selected enzymatic processes. As far as the enzymatic preparation of glycosides is concerned, recent scientific literature is awash with examples of uniqueness related to the features of the biocatalyst (yield, substrate specificity, regioselectivity, and resistance to a particular reaction condition). The invention of glycosynthases is just one of the aspects that has thrust forward the research in this field. Protein engineering, metagenomics and reaction engineering have led to the discovery of an expanding number of novel enzymes and to the setting up of new bio-based processes for the preparation of glycosides. In this review, new examples from the last decade are compiled with attention both to cases in which naturally present, as well as genetically inserted, characteristics of the catalysts make them attractive for biocatalysis.
On the existence of universal covering spaces for metric spaces and subsets of the Euclidean plane

In this paper we prove several results concerning the existence of universal covering spaces for separable metric spaces. To begin, we define several homotopy theoretic conditions which we then prove are equivalent to the existence of a universal covering space. We use these equivalencies to prove that every connected, locally path connected separable metric space whose fundamental group is a free group admits a universal covering space. As an application of these results, we prove the main result of this article which states that a connected, locally path connected subset of the Euclidean plane, E, admits a universal covering space if and only if its fundamental group is free, if and only if its fundamental group is countable.
Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu

The northwestern frontier of China and the northwestern frontier of America have much in common. Rough wilderness, sparse population, lawlessness, distance from the affairs of the greater society-these characterize the desert places of a nation, the outposts of its civilization. Frontiers lack the sharpness of definition we attribute to more central regions. They are perceived as important for the defense of the nation, not for their contributions to its character. Even America, the frontier nation par excellence, cannot be described mainly by reference to Montana. ' The peripheries remain underdeveloped compared to more central regions, or even to their own regional centers. In Skinner's mapping, Gansu lies on the periphery of the periphery, the border region of the northwestern Chinese macroregion. To a contemporary Han Chinese going there, the journey really was like the Bozeman trail:
Effect of detrital nutritional quality on population dynamics of a marine nematode (Diplolaimella chitwoodi)

The quantity and nutritional quality of detritus significantly affected the population growth rate (r) and carrying capacity (K) of Diplolaimella chitwoodi (Nematoda) in laboratory cultures. The rate of increase (r) was roughly constant for cultures fed Ulva fasciata, Pablum, Gracilaria foliifera and one Spartina alterniflora detritus, but was lower for Thalassia testudinum detritus and another S. alterniflora detritus. Rate of increase was unaffected by amount of food supplied except for seaweed detritus where r was lower for lower ratios. Carrying capacity (K) was strongly affected by both detrital type and rate of food supply. The best predictor of K was the rate of nitrogen supply to these cultures implying that natural populations may be N-limited. The nitrogen content of detritus appears to be the best measure of its nutritional quality.
Synthesis of tris((3-isoquinolyl)methyl)amine and bis((2-pyridyl)methyl)-(3-isoquinolyl)methylamine

Abstract The tripodal ligands tris((3-isoquinolyl)methyl)amine (TIQA) and bis((2-pyridyl)methyl)-(3-isoquinolyl)methylamine were synthesized from isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in four steps and 28 and 31% overall yield, respectively. These ligands are structurally related to the important ligand tris((2-pyridyl)methyl)amine (TPA). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry experiments indicate that TIQA forms complexes with CuCl 2 , ZnCl 2 and CdI 2 similar to those observed with TPA.
Rapid concentration of organics from aqueous solutions through uncoated capillary columns: A new approach to purification and ultratrace analysis

A new technique has been developed for the concentration of organics in aqueous solutions. Volumes greater than 100 ml can be utilized in this system, which previously could not have been done without a distillation or solvent extraction procedure. The method is based on the passage of the solution through uncoated capillary columns of various materials such as polyethylene, copper, aluminum, nickel, and many other metal and/or polymer columns of different dimensions. It is possible to achieve trace level analysis at the ppb to ppt level without the interferences inherent in other existing methods. The purification of solvents has been successfully demonstrated in this preliminary study, and will be discussed along with our suggestions for future investigations.
Effects of NHE1 expression level on CHO cell responses to environmental stress.

Ammonia, lactate and CO 2 inhibit animal cell growth. Accumulation of these metabolic byproducts also causes a decrease in intracellular pH (pH i ). Transport systems regulate pH i in eukaryotic cells. Ion transporters have been cloned and overexpressed in cells but have not been examined for protection against the buildup of ammonia, lactate or CO 2 . The Na + /H + exchangers (NHE) transport H + ions from cells during acidification to increase pH i . We examined whether overexpression of NHE1 would provide CHO cells with greater protection from elevated ammonia, lactate or CO 2 . NHE1 CHO cells were compared to MT2-1-8 ("normal" levels of NHE) and AP-1 (devoid of any NHE activity) CHO cell lines. Expression of at least "normal" levels of NHE1 is necessary for CHO cell survival during exposure to 30 mM lactic acid without pH adjustment or to 20 mM NH 4 Cl with pH adjustment. Resistance to an acute acid-load increased when NHE1 was overexpressed in CHO cells. Surprisingly, the inhibitory effect on cell growth at 195 mmHg pCO 2 /435 mOsm/kg (normal levels are 40 mmHg pCO 2 / 320 mOsm/kg) was not affected by the NHE1 level. Also, there was no further decrease in CHO cell growth in the absence of NHE1 expression during elevated osmolality alone (up to 575 mOsm/kg).
Later-Life Planning: Promoting Knowledge of Options and Choice-Making

The effectiveness of a person-centered later-life planning training program designed to teach older adults (N = 60) with mental retardation about later-life planning issues and increase their participation in choice-making was examined. Using quantitative data analyses, we assessed the impact of the program on intervention and control groups. Results indicated that the intervention group gained more knowledge of concepts in the curriculum and made more choices over time than did the control group. The wide variety of goals that participants set were examined through qualitative analyses; 87% of the participants met or partially met their goals. Information on the supports and barriers to meeting goals is provided.
Left ventricular myxoma: M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic features

present series, since there appear to be differences in baseline variability between diagnoses.6 Applied to our large patient population, both procedures required approximately the same percentage reduction to demonstrate significant suppression at the p < 0.05 level. Linear regression was simpler to apply since it required only the calculation of a linear regression equation. However, this method did not use all of the information that was available in the data because the 24-hour values were averaged to obtain a single mean value (i.e., there is loss of the variability within a day). Averaging may not be optimal because of statistical problems raised by the finding of a circadian rhythm for simple’ and complex4 ventricular arrhythmias. The potential advantages of the nested analysis of variance method were that it accommodated a variable number of days’ data, used more of the information present in the data, and therefore may yield a better estimate of the “true” percentage reduction required to demonstrate significant change.
Passive torque wrench and angular position detection using a single-beam optical trap

The recent advent of angular optical trapping techniques has allowed for rotational control and direct torque measurement on biological substrates. Here we present a method that increases the versatility and flexibility of these techniques. We demonstrate that a single beam with a rapidly rotating linear polarization can be utilized to apply a constant controllable torque to a trapped particle without active feedback, while simultaneously measuring the particle angular position. In addition, this device can rapidly switch between a torque wrench and an angular trap. These features should make possible torsional measurements across a wide range of biological systems.
Neuroimmune and cortisol changes in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and placebo treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.

Abstract Background To explore relations between neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems relative to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment, cortisol and cytokine changes in response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and placebo treatment of chronic PTSD were assessed prospectively. Methods Baseline measures of PTSD, depression, salivary 8 am and 4 pm cortisol, and serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β; pro-inflammatory) and soluble interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R; cell-mediated immunity) were obtained for 58 PTSD and 21 control subjects. The PTSD subjects participated in a 10-week, double-blind treatment with citalopram (n = 19), sertraline (n = 18), or placebo (n = 7). Results At baseline, PTSD subjects had significantly greater PTSD, depression, and IL-1β and lower IL-2R levels than control subjects, with no group differences found for am or pm cortisol levels. Both SSRI groups' IL-1β correlated negatively with IL-2R; neither cytokine correlated with cortisol levels. Treatment significantly lowered PTSD, depression, and IL-1β levels and increased IL-2R for all groups to control subject levels. After treatment, both SSRI groups' IL-1β correlated with an end cortisol measure (one negatively, one positively). Conclusions Our results support a complex relationship between neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems with PTSD treatment. Implications of normalization of cytokine levels with effective SSRI treatment and placebo are discussed.
High Mountain Lakes Provide a Seasonal Niche for Migrant American Dippers

Abstract We studied summer use of high elevation lakes by American Dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) in the Trinity Alps Wilderness, California by conducting repeated point-count surveys at 16 study lakes coupled with a 5-year detailed survey of all available aquatic habitats in a single basin. We observed American Dippers during 36% of the point-count surveys and found birds at 10 of 16 study lakes. Over 90% of the American Dipper sightings were in lentic habitats in Deep Creek Basin. Bird presence at a lake was positively correlated with steep rocky littoral zones and high densities of caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae. We also observed numerous successful foraging bouts on juvenile life stages of lentic-breeding amphibians. We did not find any nests at the lakes but did observe juvenile dippers. American Dippers are highly adapted to flowing waters, and our findings coupled with incidental observations from the literature and other researchers suggests that high elevation lentic waterbodies have been largely ov...
EFFECTS OF NEUTRON SOURCE SELECTION ON LAND-MINE DETECTION EFFICIENCY

Abstract One proposed method of land-mine detection is based on measurements of the 10.8 MeV photons from the 14N(n, γ) reaction. In this study, simulations of the photon production efficiencies for nitrogenous explosive material (TNT), buried in soil having variable moisture content, were completed for different published neutron spectra. Monte Carlo simulations were performed with MCNP with a cylindrical geometry of TNT considered as target material and with neutron energies ranging from thermal to 20 MeV. The numbers of 14N(n, γ) reactions in TNT were tallied to obtain response functions. To find the effectiveness of different neutron sources, response functions were folded with the neutron spectra. Response curves reveal that higher water content increases response for fast neutrons, and reduces response for slow neutrons. Lower energy neutron sources, i.e. D(d, n) or 252Cf, are more suitable than higher energy neutron sources such as 241Am–Be or T(d, n). Although its advantages disappear with increasing depth, the usage of moderating spheres of CH2 increases the signal significantly when compared with a bare source, while also reducing neutron dose to workers.
A light and electron microscopic study of the pre- and postnatal development and secretory differentiation of the pars tuberalis of the rat hypophysis.

The development of the pars tuberalis was studied in the rat fetus from 13 days of gestation to 6 weeks after birth. After the closure of Rathke's pouch, the pars tuberalis anlage is clearly distinguishable from the anlagen of the partes intermedia and distalis. It comprises the entire basal portion of the adenohypophysial anlage; the limit between the anlagen of the pars tuberalis and the pars distalis is defined by Atwell's recess, i.e. the pathway taken by the hypophysial vessels coming from the vascular plexus of the median eminence. At 14 days the pars tuberalis cells are characterized by the presence of glycogen which persists in the adult. Their secretory differentiation (elaboration of granules with a diameter of 100–120 nm) is obvious at 15 days of gestation. It therefore, clearly precedes that of the other hypophysial cell types. Its functional differentiation takes place well before its adhesion to the primary vascular plexus of the portal system. Cystic formations appear just before birth in the pars tuberalis, much later than those of the pars distalis. These observations on the development of the pars tuberalis, together with previous observations on the adult PT in various species, showing that the specific glandular cells of the pars tuberalis are cytologically different from all known adenohypophysial cell types, seem to indicate a specific endocrine function of this lobe.
In situ exposure to ultraviolet radiation alters the depth distribution of Daphnia

Damaging solar radiation was one of the first factors proposed to explain zooplankton diel vertical migrations (DVM), yet other factors such as temperature, food, and especially predation have typically been more widely studied and identified as the primary factors inducing DVM. This is true in spite of the fact that recent experiments have shown that ambient levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are potentially lethal to zooplankton and negative phototactic behavior has been demonstrated in the laboratory. Here we present the first evidence from in situ experiments demonstrating that UVR wavelengths influence the vertical swimming behavior of zooplankton under full spectrum solar radiation. Cylindrical acrylic columns that transmitted or blocked UVR were used to examine the behavioral responses of Daphnia pulicaria to UVR. Experiments were conducted in the epilimnion of a high-UV system at midday and in late afternoon. In both experiments, a large proportion of individuals migrated downward in the presence of UVR, whereas those in the UVR-shielded treatments tended to remain closer to the surface.
Position resolution measurements for position-sensitive silicon detectors by use of circular apertures

Abstract Circular apertures are commonly used for the calibration of two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors in nuclear scattering experiments. Folding calculations show that, when the position signal standard deviation is less than 22% of the aperture diameter, the observed FWHM will be less than that for perfect imaging of the aperture. Supporting data with line shape calculations are presented.
Pseudotumor cerebri pathophysiology

Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) is an uncommon disorder of raised intracranial pressure of unknown etiology. The signs and symptoms have been well described but the pathogenesis remains a mystery. Most of the evidence suggests increased resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow as being pivotal to the disorder. Any comprehensive theory on causation will have to explain the preponderance of obese women of childbearing age with primary PTCS and lack of ventriculomegaly in the disorder. It is possible that female sex hormones, along with endocrinologically active adipose tissue, directly result in the syndrome, in those genetically predisposed. Aldosterone has been proposed also as important in the development of PTCS. Vitamin A, in the form of retinoic acid, may also play a pivotal role, and is influenced by both estrogen and adipose tissue. This article reviews proposed mechanisms of PTCS.
Revealing new electronic behaviours in the Raman spectra of chirality-enriched carbon nanotube ensembles

Abstract : We present Raman spectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that are enriched in metallic species by density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) and enriched in single semiconducting chiralities through DNA-based separations. Radial breathing mode (RBM) spectra demonstrate that DGU samples are highly enriched in armchair chiralities. The enrichment allows acquisition of pure G-band spectra of the armchair SWNTs and reveals that the LO mode is absent in these structures. Raman excitation profiles for the G-band in nearly pure (10,2) samples reveals a strong asymmetry in the intensities of the resonance coupling to incident and scattered photons. The experimental data may be fit using a four-level molecular model for Raman scattering and the strong asymmetry can be understood as a consequence of the presence of non-Condon effects. The result requires a reassessment of the assumption that the incident and scattered resonances are equivalent. The consequences of such non-Condon effects on other SWNT electronic and optical processes will be an important topic for future study.
Dirac versus reduced space quantisation of simple constrained systems

The authors show the inequivalence between the Dirac procedure and the reduced space method for quantising systems with constraints linear in momenta. They compare the spectra of the two Hamiltonians for a few simple finite-dimensional systems.
Separation columns, false transient method and automatic adjustment of relaxation factor

Developpement d'un algorithme et application a des melanges acetone-methanol-2-butanone-eau et propane-isobutane-n-butane-isopentane-n-pentane)
User Fees, Deregulation, and Marketing Efficiency: Discussion

I concur with the conclusion reached by Jesse, Johnson, and Paul (JJP) that federal agricultural marketing programs "seem to be well justified on efficiency grounds" and believe that their analysis, in general, provides reasonable support for that conclusion. I do take issue with a few of their points and seek some further clarification, but this does not substantially alter their conclusion. However, the JJP analysis and subsequent conclusion raises an unsettling question which, while ignored by the authors, seems to be most significant. This is, given the apparent benefits of federal agricultural marketing programs, why are they being curtailed? I will suggest several perhaps equally unsettling an-
The Witty Seven: Late Socialist-Capitalist Satire in Hungary

This article adopts the comparative framework proposed by anthropologists Dominic Boyer and Alexander Yurchak (2010), who establish a “family resemblance” between the aesthetics and ideological contexts of contemporary Western political satire and a late socialist Russian and Eastern European mode of irony defined by overidentification with its satirized object or idea. I discuss the long-running Hungarian postsocialist satirical talk show Heti Hetes as a linchpin between late socialist and late capitalist forms of political satire. The program bears the characteristics and legacies of both and reveals unexpected similarities between public discourses otherwise radically separated into two different political systems during the Cold War. Heti Hetes provides the ground for a multilevel analysis, which accounts for the national specificities of a long legacy of political cabaret as well as the shared regional circumstances of late socialism. The broadest goal of the article is to draw up the global historic...
Free fatty aldehydes in serum

Abstract Free fatty aldehydes have been demonstrated to occur as a component of the lipids of normal human serum varying in amount from 0.8 to 2.4 μM per liter.
Aquifer Occurrence in the Fort Payne Formationab

The Fort Payne Formation of Early Mississippian (Osagean) age crops out over extensive areas of central Tennessee, south-central Kentucky, and northern Alabama. Specific formation lithologies are known to have been modified locally through weathering into an artesian aquifer along the Eastern Highland Rim of central Tennessee. The shallow aquifer can be divided into two parts; uppermost is a highly permeable chert gravel zone that is in hydraulic communication with a lower zone of interconnected solution cavities within bedrock. The gravel, at depths as great as 24.4 m (80 ft), fines upward into the clay-sized chert of the upper confining bed. The lower confining bed is the Chattanooga Shale of Late Devonian to Early Mississippian age. Field and petrographic studies of the Fort Payne Formation indicate that the aquifer has developed near the base of the unit. The chert gravel portion of the aquifer has developed from silicified dolowackestones of the Beaver Creek Limestone Member and from interbedded Fort Payne dolostones. The lower portion of the aquifer occurs within preferentially weathered, silicified and non-silicified dolosiltstone.