cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postoperative tooth sensitivity with a new self-adhesive resin cement—a randomized clinical trial

This study evaluated and compared sensitivity of teeth after cementation of full-coverage crowns with a new self-adhesive resin cement (SARC). A resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) served as control. Eighty-eight full-coverage crowns were cemented to vital teeth with either the self-adhesive cement iCem (Heraeus Kulzer; n = 44) or the RMGIC GC Fuji PLUS (GC, n = 44). Before preparations, patients were questioned for sensitivity (patient sensitivity, PS). In addition, air was blown for 2 s onto the buccal cementoenamel junction (air sensitivity, AS), and ice spray was applied in the cementoenamel junction area (ice sensitivity, IS). Patient responses were recorded with a visual analog scale. After cementation of the crowns, patients were recalled for follow-up (f/u) visits at 1 day, 1 week, and 3 weeks. PS, AS, and IS were recorded during each visit. Data were analyzed with Mann–Whitney U tests. The two groups revealed comparable sensitivity scores at baseline. SARC showed significantly lower PS sensitivity scores at 1 day (p = 0.02) and significantly lower AS scores at 1-week follow-up (p = 0.01). IS generally produced the highest sensitivity scores with SARC revealing significantly lower scores at all follow-up visits. Cementation of crowns with the SARC tested in this study resulted in overall lower postoperative sensitivity than with the RMGIC. Among other clinical advantages, some self-adhesive resin cements seem to lower postoperative sensitivity of crowned teeth.
Self-imaging of molecules from diffraction spectra by laser-induced rescattering electrons

We study high-energy angle-resolved photoelectron spectra of molecules in strong fields. In an oscillating laser electric field, electrons released earlier in the pulse may return to recollide with the target ion, in a process similar to scattering by laboratory prepared electrons. If midinfrared lasers are used, we show that the images generated by the returning electrons are similar to images observed in typical gas-phase electron diffraction (GED). These spectra can be used to retrieve the positions of atoms in a molecule as in GED. Since infrared laser pulses of durations of a few femtoseconds are already available today, the study of these high-energy photoelectrons offers the opportunity of imaging the structure of transient molecules with temporal resolution of a few femtoseconds.
Comparing preferences for employing males and nationals across countries: extending relational models and social dominance theory

We expand relational models theory by integrating it with social dominance theory to examine how national culture influences preferences for males and nationals in employment-related decisions. Data from the World Values Survey (N = 2331), culture scores from the GLOBE project (N = 62 countries), and Hofstede (N = 49 countries) indicate that collectivism is associated with an increased chance of preferences for males and nationals, gender egalitarianism is associated with a decreased chance of preferences for males, and masculinity is associated with more chances for preferences for nationals. Demographic variables (age, sex, and education) were also associated with our dependent variables after taking all the variance of the different cultural dimensions into account. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Partial lesion of the substantia nigra : relation between extent of lesion and rotational behavior

Recent work, largely carried out in primate models of Parkinson's disease (PD), indicates that residual dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and their axons to the nucleus accumbens and striatum can be stimulated to sprout collateral axons, reinnervate the striatum, and cause a behavioral recovery. We sought to create a partial lesion model of PD in the rat that would (i) mimic the pattern of cell loss in human patients in early stages of PD, and (ii) permit examination of experimental manipulations that promote sprouting of axons of the surviving dopaminergic cells in the midbrain. Rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) were tested weekly for rotational asymmetry following administration of apomorphine or amphetamine. After completion of behavioral testing, the animals were sacrificed and the brains immunolabeled for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Analysis of anatomical and behavioral data revealed a strong correlation between number of remaining TH-immunoreactive cells in the SNpc and the number of rotations induced by apomorphine. There was no significant correlation between number of remaining TH-immunoreactive nigral neurons and number of rotations induced by amphetamine. We also examined the relation between area in the denervated striatum with remaining TH-immunoreactive axons, number of TH-immunoreactive cells in the lesioned SNpc, and rotational behavior. As expected, there was a strong correlation between area innervated by TH-immunoreactive axons and number of remaining TH-immunoreactive neurons in the lesioned SNpc. Total extent of innervation was also correlated with number of apomorphine-induced rotations but not with number of amphetamine-induced rotations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Production of hydrogen by irradiation of metal complexes in aqueous solutions

Abstract Several systems in which molecular hydrogen is produced by photoreduction of protons in aqueous solutions are discussed. One mononuclear system, IrCl2−/3−6, is considered in detail. Ultraviolet irradiation of concentrated HCl solutions of IrCl3−6 yields IrCl2−6 and H2. It is proposed that the reactive excited states are protonated species such as HIrCl2−6 that possess Cl → Ir charge transfer character, and that the photoredox mechanism involves initial release of atomic hydrogen. Irradiation of IrCl2−6 in aqueous HCl solutions over a broad range of wavelengths results in the formation of IrCl3−6 and Cl2. Aqueous HCl is converted to hydrogen and chlorine by coupling the two photoreactions. The possible advantages of using metal cluster complexes to facilitate photochemical hydrogen production are outlined, and related experiments on Mo2X4−8 (X = Cl, Br) and Rh4b6+8 (b = 1,3-diisocyanopropane) are reviewed. Recent experiments have shown that Mo6Cl2−14possesses a long-lived excited state (180 μs in CH3CN; 2eV) that undergoes electron transfer reactions in solutions, and possible extensions of this work aimed at photoreduction of protons are considered.
Acteylcholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine enhances cellular defenses in neuronal and macrophage-like cell lines

Neuroprotection mediated by the cellular heat shock response offers 1 clinical strategy to prevent, stabilize, and possibly reverse neurodegenerative processes. Although damaged proteins are thought to be the primary stimulus for the heat shock response, several studies indicate that pharmaceutical agents can either directly induce the heat shock transcription factor (Hsf1) or enhance its activation during different forms of cellular stress. Because Hsf1 is now known to combat the proteotoxicity of aging and has a central role in modulating amyloid aggregation, pharmacologic interventions to strengthen Hsf1 action may have important implications for preventing neurodegeneration linked to altered and damaged proteins such as observed in Alzheimer's disease. Given reports that some agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease have neuroprotective properties, this project investigated whether rivastigmine, which is an acetyl and butaryl cholinesterase inhibitor, mediates the neuroprotection of the neuronal-like cell line SH-SY5Y. The cells were exposed to various concentrations of rivastigmine to determine whether the drug protected cells from toxic injury and induced the 1st phase of the cellular heat shock response. In all, 100-μmol/L rivastigmine decreases cell death by 40% compared with untreated cells. This concentration enhances Hsf1 activation by strengthening both its multimerization and its phosphorylation, which leads to increased messenger RNA (mRNA) for hsp70. Therefore, one of the putative neuroprotective mechanisms of rivastigmine seems to be mediated through the heat shock response. These results also are observed in cultured macrophage-like cells, which suggests a future clinical tool for monitoring pharmacologically improved stress responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during treatment of Alzheimer disease.
Computer simulation of sticking and penetration of copper atoms on copper substrates

The multiple interaction (MI) codes SPUT1 and SPUT2 have been used to investigate, the penetration of copper substrates by copper atoms with energies between 1 and 1000 eV. Initial simulations were carried out on ideal, single crystal targets ((100) face) that were 4–6 atomic layers thick. Below 10 eV essentially all normally incident copper atoms stuck to the crystallite surface, but did not penetrate the surface layer. From 10 eV up the normally incident ions buried themselves within the crystallite, and (from 50 eV up) caused sputtering of target atoms. Four target layers were sufficient to stop most incident ions with energies up to 500 eV. Additional target layers were needed to stop more energetic incident atoms. Stopping profiles and sputtering yields are presented as a function of energy. Some additional simulations were carried out with (111) and (110) single crystal targets to determine the effect of packing on penetration and sticking. Simulations also were carried out at 1 eV incident energy on partially covered targets to determine the effect of surface irregularities on sticking and penetration. Complete sticking was observed for these partially covered targets.
Quantitative assessment of the proliferation of the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus using a bioluminescence assay for ATP content

Perkinsus marinus is a protozoan parasite that causes “Dermo” disease in the eastern oyster Crasssostrea virginica in coastal areas of the USA. Until now, intervention strategies against the parasite have found limited success, and Dermo still remains one of the main hurdles for the restoration of oyster populations. We adapted a commercial adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) content-based assay to assess the in vitro proliferation of P. marinus in a 96-well plate format, and validated the method by measuring the effects of potential anti-proliferative compounds. The sensitivity (1.5–3.1 × 104 cells/well), linearity (R2 = 0.983), and signal stability (60 min) support the reliability of the assay for assessing cell proliferation. Validation of the assay by culturing P. marinus in the presence of increasing concentrations of triclosan showed a dose–response profile. The IC50 value obtained was higher than that reported earlier, possibly due to the use of different viability assay methods and a different P. marinus strain. The antibiotics G418 and tetracycline and the herbicide fluridone were active against P. marinus proliferation; the IC50 of chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and atrazine was relatively high suggesting either off-target effects or inability to reach the targets. The validation of the ATP-based assay, together with significant advantages of the Perkinsus culture methodology (homogeneity, reproducibility, and high cell densities), underscores the value of this assay for developing high-throughput screens for the identification of novel leader compounds against Perkinsus species, and most importantly, for the closely-related apicomplexan parasites.
On the spatial decay of solutions of the heat equation

The spatial decay of solutions of parabolic partial differential equations has been the subject of two recent papers by Edelstein [1] and Sigillito [2]. The results obtained by these authors are in some respects analogous to estimates derived in connection with Saint-Venant's principle in the linear theory of elasticity [3], [4].
What's More Important—Literacy or Content? Confronting the Literacy-Content Dualism

Abstract The literacy-content dualism, which suggests that teachers must decide whether to provide literacy or content instruction, is a false dualism and adherence to it is detrimental to student participation in content-area reasoning, learning, and communicating. This article describes the experiences that prompted the teacher educators who authored this article to reconsider content and literacy instruction and their first steps to help preservice and in-service teachers confront and eliminate the literacy-content dualism. Suggestions for future research are made.
The transcription factor Myc controls metabolic reprogramming upon T lymphocyte activation

Summary To fulfill the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demand of proliferation, T cells reprogram their metabolic pathways from fatty acid β-oxidation and pyruvate oxidation via the TCA cycle to the glycolytic, pentose-phosphate, and glutaminolytic pathways. Two of the top-ranked candidate transcription factors potentially responsible for the activation-induced T cell metabolic transcriptome, HIF1α and Myc, were induced upon T cell activation, but only the acute deletion of Myc markedly inhibited activation-induced glycolysis and glutaminolysis in T cells. Glutamine deprivation compromised activation-induced T cell growth and proliferation, and this was partially replaced by nucleotides and polyamines, implicating glutamine as an important source for biosynthetic precursors in active T cells. Metabolic tracer analysis revealed a Myc-dependent metabolic pathway linking glutaminolysis to the biosynthesis of polyamines. Therefore, a Myc-dependent global metabolic transcriptome drives metabolic reprogramming in activated, primary T lymphocytes. This may represent a general mechanism for metabolic reprogramming under patho-physiological conditions.
Plasminogen binding is increased with adipocyte differentiation.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the plasminogen system in the development of adipose tissue. Plasminogen binding capacity was determined in differentiated and undifferentiated cells from adipose tissue of plasminogen deficient mice and 3T3 cells, a well-characterized tissue culture model. In 3T3 cells, plasminogen binding was fivefold higher in differentiated cells compared to the undifferentiated cells. Inhibition of binding by carboxyl-terminal lysine analogs was similar for the differentiated and undifferentiated cells with tranexamic acid > EACA > lysine. The binding of plasminogen was concentration-dependent and approaches saturation in the both cell types. The number of plasminogen binding sites was tenfold higher in the differentiated compared to the undifferentiated cells. In isolated mature fat cells and stromal cell cultures from mouse adipose tissue, plasminogen binding was also higher in the differentiated mature fat cells and differentiated stromal cells compared to undifferentiated stromal cells. Plasminogen binding was elevated in the differentiated cells from the Plg−/− mice compared to cells from the WT mice. These results suggest that the plasminogen system plays an important role in adipose tissue development.
Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminiferal Zonation: ABSTRACT

Modern planktonic foraminiferal ecology serves to define limitations of Cenozoic zonation. Modern tropical species are abundant and diverse, temperate zone species are sparse and diverse, and cool temperate and polar areas have an extreme abundance of very few species. Keeled globorotaloids are restricted to water temperatures higher than about 17° C., non-keeled globorotaloids to waters warmer than about 9° C., and there are no globorotaloids in polar regions. Thus, a keeled planktonic line is one criterion for the recognition of boundaries of tropical and warm temperate areas in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Large heavy tests of planktonic species are indicative of bathyal environments. Planktonic zonation for the Cenozoic is considered to have general worldwide uniformity and thus provides a means of recognizing the standard European stages in open marine deeper-water facies of tropical areas of the world. General planktonic parameters include: (1) the development of keeled globorotaloids in the Paleocene and their decline and disappearance in the Middle Eocene; (2) a second development of keeled globorotaloids in the Burdigalian and their continued dominance into the Recent; and (3) the recognition of important times of appearance of specific groups--the Globigerinoides triloba datum at the base of the Aquitanian, the Orbulina datum at the base of the Burdigalian, the Globorotalia menardii datum near the top of the Burdigalian, and the Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dat m at the base of the Pliocene. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1768------------
Polymerizable cationic iridium(III) complexes exhibiting color tunable light emission and their corresponding conducting metallopolymers

Abstract Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes have been synthesized for use in a variety of photophysical applications, including polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs). A series of new complexes with one electrochemically polymerizable ligand and two phenylpyridine(ppy)-based ligands have been prepared: [Ir(ppy)2L][PF6](1), [Ir(F-mppy)2L][PF6](2), and [Ir(Br-mppy)2L][PF6](3), where L = 3,8-bis(2,2′-bithien-5-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline. The ancillary ppy ligands can be easily varied synthetically to tune emission color of the monomer from blue–green to red. The solid state structure of complex 1 has been obtained by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Conducting polymer materials have been prepared by electropolymerization of monomers and were characterized through XPS analysis and spectroscopic studies.
Paracrine Release of IL-12 Stimulates IFN-γ Production and Dramatically Enhances the Antigen-Specific T Cell Response after Vaccination with a Novel Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccine

Interleukin-12 can act as a potent adjuvant for T cell vaccines, but its clinical use is limited by toxicity. Paracrine administration of IL-12 could significantly enhance the response to such vaccines without the toxicity associated with systemic administration. We have developed a novel vaccine delivery system (designated F2 gel matrix) composed of poly-N-acetyl glucosamine that has the dual properties of a sustained-release delivery system and a potent adjuvant. To test the efficacy of paracrine IL-12, we incorporated this cytokine into F2 gel matrix and monitored the response of OT-1 T cells in an adoptive transfer model. Recipient mice were vaccinated with F2 gel/SIINFEKL, F2 gel/SIINFEKL/IL-12 (paracrine IL-12), or F2 gel/SIINFEKL plus systemic IL-12 (systemic IL-12). Systemic levels of IL-12 were lower in paracrine IL-12-treated mice, suggesting that paracrine administration of IL-12 may be associated with less toxicity. However, paracrine administration of IL-12 was associated with an enhanced Ag-specific T cell proliferative and functional response. Furthermore, paracrine IL-12 promoted the generation of a stable, functional memory T cell population and was associated with protection from tumor challenge. To study the mechanisms underlying this enhanced response, wild-type and gene-deficient mice were used. The enhanced immune response was significantly reduced in IFN-gamma(-/-) and IL-12R beta 2(-/-) recipient mice suggesting that the role of IL-12 is mediated, at least in part, by host cells. Collectively, the results support the potential of F2 gel matrix as a vaccine delivery system and suggest that sustained paracrine release of IL-12 has potential clinical application.
Cross-Cultural Studies of Person Perception Effects of Ingroup/Outgroup Membership and Ethnic Schemata

Two approaches to the study of intergroup/interpersonal relations, in/outgroup categorization (motivational) and schema-confirmation (cognitive), are introduced. These two concepts are integrated into a two-dimensional taxonomy, so that a stimulus person can appear as a schema-consistent or -inconsistent member of an in- or outgroup. It is hypothesized that the phenomena of ingroup favoritism/outgroup discrimination should be limited to schema-consistent actors. As the model includes a nonfamiliar outgroup level of analysis, it allows questions to be addressed pertaining to universality versus cultural specificity of person-perception phenomena. Two studies were conducted with Nigerian (Hausa and Ibo) and Canadian undergraduates participating as observers of videotaped Hausa and Ibo actors, cast in their ethnic schema-consistent (typical) roles and in schema-inconsistent (atypical) roles. Results from the Nigerian study gave modest support for the proposed model. As predicted, schema-consistent ingroup ac...
Is fibre supplementation in paediatric sip feeds beneficial

The usefulness of a paediatric fibre containing sip feeds specifically formulated for paediatrics has not been evaluated. In an open, prospective, parallel study the efficacy, safety and tolerance of a paediatric fibre-containing sip feed designed for children weighing 8-20 kg (1-6 years) was compared with a fibre-free sip feed in 60 children with chronic illness. The subjects either received a trial sip feed containing 150 kcal (100 ml)(-1) and 2.0 g (100 ml)(-1) of fibre or a fibre-free equivalent control sip feed for 12 weeks. Blood biochemistry, haematology, anthropometry, tolerance and food intake data were estimated during week 1 and 12. The fibre intake was higher (P < 0.0001) and laxative usage decreased in the fibre-containing sip feed group. The sip feed provided almost 50% of fibre intake in the trial group. There were no differences in sip feed tolerance, anthropometry, nutritional biochemistry or haematology between the two groups. Sip feeds provide an important source of fibre for sick children with normal gut function requiring nutritional support.
Perspective Transformation Over Time: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study of HIV-Positive Adults:

The purpose of this study was to find out whether HIV-positive adults who had participated in a study of the centrality of meaning-making in transformational learning had maintained 2 years later their perspectives of making meaningful contributions through service to others, or if the advent of protease inhibitors would have resulted in their reverting to previously held, self oriented, and materialistic views of the world. Fourteen of the original 18 participants were interviewed. Two major findings emerged: First, for all 14 participants, the perspective transformations that they had undergone 2 years previously had held. Second, there were changes in meaning schemes that included the adoption of a future-oriented perspective, greater attention to care of the self, and an integration of the HIV-positive status into their self-definition. The life-changing nature of transformational learning, the stability of its outcomes, and ongoing changes in meaning schemes suggest implications for adult educators.
Teaching “The Psychology of Adult Development and Aging”:

(1985). Teaching 'The Psychology of Adult Development and Aging' Teaching of Psychology: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 37-39.
Background Subtraction Enhancement using Segmentation

The capability of extracting moving objects from a video sequence captured using a static camera is a typical first step in visual surveillance. This procedure is called a background subtraction (BGS), and it uses the temporal distribution of pixel values over the sequence of frames. Pixel based BGS can be improved by considering the spatial coherence around each pixel, and in this paper we present a method to enhance existing BGS methods using spatial information from image segmentation.
Friction and Wear Behavior of Glasses and Ceramics

There are certain fundamental characteristics of metals, carbons, polymers, glasses and ceramics which these widely different material classes have in common with respect to adhesion, friction and wear. Their surface topography is generally irregular, they contain surface and bulk defects, adhere in the clean state to themselves or other materials and are extremely sensitive to surface contaminants with respect to adhesion, friction and wear.
Intestinal control of human postprandial gastric function: The role of components of jejunoileal chyme in regulating gastric secretion and gastric emptying

Abstract Intestinal control of gastric secretion and emptying were studied in healthy humans by using intubation-marker-perfusion techniques. An occluding balloon was used to separate the jejunoileal test segment from the more proximal gut. Mixed-nutrient, semielemental meals (300 and 600 calories) were administered while varying the jejunal perfusate: normal saline, jejunal chyme or its protein (casein hydrolysate), lipid (oleic acid), or carbohydrate (maltose) components. The meal in contact with the stomach and duodenum increased gastric secretion above fasting levels. This was partially inhibited by whole chyme in contact with the jejunum, the lipid and carbohydrate components of chyme mediating this inhibition. Jejunoileal chyme inhibited gastric emptying, with all three nutrient components acting as inhibitors. Effects on gastric secretion and emptying were dose-dependent, being greater after the larger meal and most prominent in the early postprandial period; these effects on gastric emptying were more prominent than those on gastric secretion. These results suggest that the intestinal phase of gastric function is directed mainly toward regulation of the reservoir function of the stomach: to adapt the gastric delivery of nutrients and fluid to the capability for efficient digestion and absorption.
Fetus in fetu and fetaform teratoma in 2 neonates: an embryologic spectrum?

Objective. The purpose of this study was to describe the imaging and pathologic findings of 2 cases of complex neonatal abdominal masses and to discuss the probable common embryologic etiology of fetus in fetu (FIF) and fetaform teratomas. Methods. Two male neonates had complex cystic abdominal masses, 1 of which was diagnosed prenatally, and both had abdominal sonography. One patient also had abdominal computed tomography. Both patients subsequently underwent surgical resection, with pathologic and genetic analysis of these masses. Results. One patient had typical imaging, pathologic, and genetic findings of FIF. The second patient had a well-formed mass that was diagnosed pathologically as a teratoma yet had most of the criteria for FIF that have been set forth in recent embryologic literature. Conclusions. Recent concepts regarding the origin of FIF suggest that it is part of a spectrum of monozygotic twinning gone awry, ranging from conjoined twins at one end to fetaform teratomas at the other. The imaging and pathologic features of these 2 cases serve to reinforce this concept.
Rapid Assessment to Identify and Quantify the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy

Background Abuse during pregnancy is common and affects upwards of one in six pregnant women worldwide. The objective of this study is to describe the demographics, frequency, and severity of abuse, and the risk of murder for women who report abuse during pregnancy compared with women who do not report abuse. Methods A total of 300 women seeking assistance for partner abuse were recruited to participate in a 7-year prospective study. Of the 300 women, 50 reported they had been pregnant within the last 4 months; 25 of the women (50%) reported they were “beaten” during the pregnancy; and 25 women (50%) reported they had not been “beaten.” Analysis was completed on differential severity for abuse and risk for murder between the two groups. Results Women reporting abuse during pregnancy had statistically significant (p < 0.001) higher scores for Threat of abuse, F(1, 49) = 14.37, p < 0.001; Physical abuse, F(1, 49) = 21.21, p < 0.001; and Danger for murder weighted F(1, 49) = 22.99, p < 0.001. All effects sizes were large. Conclusion Women abused during pregnancy are at greater risk for further abuse and in severe danger for murder. To ensure the safety of pregnant women, screening policies are essential.
Clinical appraisal of fosfomycin in the era of antimicrobial resistance

Fosfomycin is recommended as one of the first-line agents for treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the latest guidelines endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID). We evaluated the use of fosfomycin among inpatients at a tertiary care hospital between 2009 and 2013. UTI cases were defined using physician diagnosis and the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance definitions. The number of patients treated with fosfomycin increased from none in 2009 to 391 in 2013. Among 537 patients who received fosfomycin for any indication during this period, UTI was the most common indication (74%), followed by asymptomatic bacteriuria (10%). All except 19 patients received a single dose of fosfomycin. Escherichia coli was the most common organism involved (52%). For 119 patients with UTIs, after exclusion of those with negative urine culture results, negative urinalysis results, receipt of additional agents, or indeterminate clinical outcomes, the clinical success rate at 48 h was 74.8%. Of 89 patients who met the criteria for NHSN-defined UTIs, 89.9% had successful outcomes. Recurrent infections occurred in 4.3% of cases, and mild adverse events were observed in 2.0%. All 100 randomly selected extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli clinical isolates from this period were susceptible to fosfomycin. In conclusion, the use of fosfomycin has increased substantially since implementation of the updated guidelines at this hospital. Fosfomycin was used mainly for the treatment of physician-diagnosed UTIs, and the clinical outcomes were generally favorable. Fosfomycin maintained activity against E. coli despite the increased use of the agent.
BOTRYLLOPHILUS BAMFIELDENSIS, NEW SPECIES (COPEPODA: CYCLOPOIDA: ASCIDICOLIDAE), LIVING IN A COMPOUND ASCIDIAN FROM THE WEST COAST OF VANCOUVER ISLAND, CANADA

Abstract Botryllophilus bamfieldensis, new species, is described on the basis of specimens of both sexes living in a compound ascidian from the Bamfield area in Barkley Sound, west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada. The morphological details of the female fit the diagnostic features for morphotype A of the genus. The female can be distinguished from its eight congeners by the sharply pointed triangular apex of the cephalosome, the weakly segmented metasome, and the markedly elongated exopods of left legs 1–4. The male of the new species differs from the only known male of a species of morphotype A (B. abbotti) in that the endopod of leg 1 bears five variously shaped spines and five plumose setae. It is proposed that females of nine species of morphotype A be further divided into two subgroups based on two patterns of armature for legs 1–4.
Some Findings on Early Works of Titian

In courses taught in the 1950's, Johannes Wilde made the comparison shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the deduction that Titian was borrowing here from Michelangelo. Earlier this had been suggested briefly and hesitantly,1 and rejected as “not necessary.”2 To Wilde it seemed certain; before Titian painted the Murder of a Wife,3 he “must have learned about the masterly solution” in the Sistine Temptation.4 After one has noticed the general consistency of the two groups, with a wife on the ground and a husband leaning over her, it grows evident that the closest analogy is between the two wives, when one of them is seen in reverse. One may guess that in his classes Wilde exploited slides to show Michelangelo's fresco in reverse, as Titian presumably had looked at it when using it. The reversal shown is not done in the published form of his lectures, but has great interest (Fig. 3). The women are represented in the same direction in both frescoes only in the lifted hand, as it bends back as far as possible and ma...
Wetting Behavior of Water near Nonpolar Surfaces

We use molecular simulation to study the wetting behavior of water near flat nonpolar surfaces. The interface potential approach is used to capture the evolution of various interfacial properties over a broad range of temperature and substrate strength. Three model substrates are considered: an atomistically detailed face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice, a graphite lattice, and a structureless wall. We first examine the evolution of the contact angle with substrate strength for conditions ranging from near drying to complete wetting at select temperatures. A notable characteristic of all systems is the presence of a surface strength at which the contact angle is independent of temperature. We also identify an analogous point in which the quantity γlv cos θ is temperature invariant. We discuss the relationship between this point and the excess entropy of the solid–liquid interface. We next consider the temperature dependence of interfacial properties. We find the contact angle to decrease with temperature at ...
Abstract 4222: Intercellular transfer between metastatic breast cancer and the endothelium mediated by tunneling nanotubes

Intercellular communication is a fundamental mechanism for maintaining cell homeostasis, facilitating the evolution of multicellular organisms. Classical modes of intercellular communication primarily focus on paracrine and endocrine signaling mechanisms or direct cellular exchange of cytoplasmic contents through gap-junctions. Recently, a novel mechanism of cellular communication was discovered that allows for direct transfer of intercellular contents through thin nanotubular projections forming continuous connections between cells. These structures, referred to as tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), have been found in a variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell types. TNTs mediate transfer of a diverse array of intercellular contents including organelles, proteins, and pathogens. Here we report, TNTs allow for intercellular communication between metastatic breast cancer cells and the endothelium, introducing a potentially novel mechanism for breast cancer progression. Human endothelial cells were allowed to undergo tubulogenesis in a 3D matrigel matrix. To the preformed endothelial vessels, metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were added. The resulting phenotype was characterized using both fluorescent and electron microscopy. Interestingly, when added to the human endothelial cells, the metastatic breast cancer cells preferentially align and incorporate within the endothelial vessels, invading the tubular structures, instead of forming the expected mammary bodies. The physical proximity between the cell types facilitates the formation of TNTs that originate from the metastatic breast cancer cells to form continuous membrane connections with the endothelial vessels. To test for transfer of intercellular contents, the metastatic breast cancer cells were loaded with fluorescently labeled small molecules. Transfer of intercellular contents was quantified using both fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The TNTs were found to transfer a variety of intercellular contents from the metastatic cells to the endothelium including green fluorescent protein, CFSE, and quantum dots. Between 20-40% of the isolated endothelial cell population received transfer of intercellular contents from the metastatic cells. Communication via the TNTs occurred quickly, with the membrane structures forming 4-6hrs post seeding, and intercellular transfer beginning at 6hrs and peaking at approximately 16-20hrs. In conclusion, TNTs provide a novel mechanism for communication between the tumor compartment and the angiogenic component, introducing a new paradigm of cancer progression where tumor cells can directly manipulate the surrounding cell populations to facilitate cancer pathology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4222. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4222
Visual Working Memory as Decision Making: Compensation for Memory Uncertainty in Reach Planning.

Limitations in visual working memory (VWM) have been extensively studied in psychophysical tasks, but not well understood in terms of how memory limits translate to performance in more natural domains. For example, in reaching to grasp an object based on a spatial memory representation, overshooting the intended target may be more costly than undershooting, such as when reaching for a cup of hot coffee. The current body of literature lacks a detailed account of how the physical consequences and costs of memory error influence what we encode in visual memory, and how we act on the basis of remembered information. Here, we study whether externallyimposed monetary costs influence behavior in a task that involves motor planning based on information recalled from VWM. Our results indicate that subjects accounted for the uncertainty in their visual memory, showing a significant difference in their motor planning when monetary costs were imposed for memory errors. However, our findings indicate that subjects’ memory representations per se were not biased by the imposed costs, but rather subjects adopted a near-optimal post-mnemonic decision strategy.
The structural and functional impact of microsurgical anastomosis on the rabbit oviductal isthmus

Microsurgical transection and anastomosis of the left isthmus in 7 rabbits caused fertility to be reduced 40%. Following rebreeding, artificial eggs were introduced into the anastomosed and control oviducts. Sixty-three to 65hours after mating, direct in vivo observations disclosed varied forms of motion of the artificial eggs within the isthmus, including both small oscillations and, occasionally, large precipitous excursions covering more than 1cm. Subsequent clearing of the genital tracts revealed that the anastomosis in the isthmus had detained most of the natural and artificial eggs, whereas both forms of ova were predominantly past the equivalent site on the control side; yet all anastomosed oviducts were fully patent. We conclude that the decreased fertility after isthmic anastomosis is due not to a physical obstacle but to an inability of the isthmus near the anastomosis to dilate as do other regions of the tube.
Towards faster planning with continuous resources in stochastic domains

Agents often have to construct plans that obey resource limits for continuous resources whose consumption can only be characterized by probability distributions. While Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with a state space of continuous and discrete variables are popular for modeling these domains, current algorithms for such MDPs can exhibit poor performance with a scale-up in their state space. To remedy that we propose an algorithm called DPFP. DPFP's key contribution is its exploitation of the dual space cumulative distribution functions. This dual formulation is key to DPFP's novel combination of three features. First, it enables DPFP's membership in a class of algorithms that perform forward search in a large (possibly infinite) policy space. Second, it provides a new and efficient approach for varying the policy generation effort based on the likelihood of reaching different regions of the MDP state space. Third, it yields a bound on the error produced by such approximations. These three features conspire to allow DPFP's superior performance and systematic trade-off of optimality for speed. Our experimental evaluation shows that, when run stand-alone, DPFP outperforms other algorithms in terms of its any-time performance, whereas when run as a hybrid, it allows for a significant speedup of a leading continuous resource MDP solver.
Fluorescence Microscopy of Microtubules in Cultured Cells

Cytoplasmic microtubules are noncovalent polymers of the protein tubulin. In the cells, the main function of microtubules is to provide tracks for organelle transport. Two experimental approaches based on fluorescence microscopy are commonly used to examine organization of microtubules in mammalian tissue culture cells. The first experimental approach involves indirect immunofluorescence staining of chemically fixed cells with tubulin antibody. Fluorescence microscopy of immunostained specimens allows the examination of the distribution of microtubules in the cytoplasm at the moment of fixation. The second experimental approach involves introduction of tubulin subunits covalently labeled with a fluorochrome into the cytoplasm of living cells. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy of cells containing labeled tubulin subunits allows to examine changes in the spatial organization of microtubules in the cytoplasm and also to directly observe their behavior. In this chapter, we describe preparation of samples for fluorescence microscopy of microtubules.
Accountability in Development Finance Projects: Between the Market and a Soft Place

Development financed projects have a unique institutional context for the production of economic activities since accountability is enacted neither directly through the state nor the market. Most development finance institutions (DFIs) enjoy hybrid public-private status and weak lines of accountability to their underwriting Treasuries (Bracking, 2003). The market environment of DFI projects is also concessionary, without the accountability of competition, where often the participant companies are part of a small group of internationally networked enterprises, with close relations with contracting parties within the DFIs. This closed culture of large business enterprise is somewhat cronyistic, promoting a similar business culture in aid dependent countries, which resonates and reinforces historical and structural patterns of political economy in post-colonies (Bracking, 2006), often contributing to an enclave structure (see Mhone, 2001).
Using proton MRSI to predict response to vorinostat treatment in recurrent GBM.

3055 Background: A major impediment to the development of new therapies for glioblastoma (GBM) is a lack of biomarkers indicating response. Epigenetic modifications are now recognized as a frequent...
A Review of HSV Latency in Experimental Animals

Of the five herpesviruses that infect man, only herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV) are not strongly species specific. Therefore animal models can be used in an attempt to clarify the pathogenesis of the natural infection in man. Neural spread of HSV has been appreciated since the 1920’ s (Goodpasture and Teague, 1923; Johnson, 1964; Wildy, 1967; Cook and Stevens, 1972), but it was not until the 1970’ s that latency in sensory ganglia was documented first in an animal model and then in man (Plummer et al., 1970; Stevens and Cook, 1971; Bastian et al., 1972; Baringer and Swoveland, 1973). Latency occurs only in neurons in vivo with usually only 1% of the neurons involved in sensory ganglia (Cook et al., 1974; Galloway et al., 1979; McLennan and Darby, 1981; Galloway et al., 1982; Tenser et al., 1982).
An antenna pattern measurement technique for eliminating the fields scattered from a finite ground plane

When making ground plane based antenna pattern measurements in small anechoic chambers or compact ranges one is often restricted to a ground plane which is only a few wavelengths in extent. The fields scattered from the edges of this finite ground plane interfere with the fields radiated by the antenna, and are usually apparent in the radiation pattern as scalloping on the frontside of the pattern, and as spurious lobes on the backside. These features are not present in a theoretical analysis which assumes an infinite ground plane, and therefore make it difficult to compare theoretical field patterns with those measured experimentally. Previous investigators have made attempts to reduce the edge effects, with only moderate success [1,2]. Time gating (the technique of placing a temporal window filter around the desired signal) is effective at eliminating edge diffraction for relatively broadband antennas, near the zenith, where adequate temporal resolution is obtained. However, away from zenith, and for narrow band antennas, the diffracted and desired signals overlap, thus making time gating ineffective [3,4].
Pediatric critical care transport--the safety of the journey: a five-year review of vehicular collisions involving pediatric and neonatal transport teams.

Objective. To determine the frequency and consequences of vehicular crashes among dedicated pediatric and neonatal transport teams. Methods. A three-page questionnaire was sent to the transport teams of National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions (NACHRI) member hospitals. The survey instrument consisted of three sections. The first section requested demographic information about the team and asked the team to report any vehicular collisions or incidents in the previous five years. The second section was directed at teams that did not report collisions or incidents and asked the team to identify potential reasons for their safety record. The third section was directed to those teams reporting collisions or incidents and asked about the causes and consequences of these events. Results. Ninety of 153 (59%) surveys were returned. Thirty-eight of the 90 teams (42%) reported at least one collision in the previous five years. A total of 66 collisions were reported (nine aircraft crashe...
UWB over fiber transmission to multiple radio access units using all-optical signal processing

An ultra-wideband over fiber architecture is proposed where multiple coherent pulsed optical signals are used for transmitting high data rate signals to five different radio access units (RAUs). The RAUs are placed in a star topology to form a broadcast distributive antenna system architecture. The architecture transmits $$5 \times 1.25$$5?1.25 Gbps data from control unit to the RAUs using a wavelength division multiplexed signal. The multiple pulsed optical carriers forming the wavelength division multiplexed signal are generated using a single continuous wave optical source. The data modulated coherent optical pulsed signals are all-optically converted to electrical Gaussian mono-cycle pulses at the RAUs. The proposed architecture is cost-efficient and gives good bit-error rate results.
Prethermal time crystals in a one-dimensional periodically driven Floquet system

Motivated by experimental observations of time-symmetry breaking behavior in a periodically driven (Floquet) system, we study a one-dimensional spin model to explore the stability of such Floquet discrete time crystals (DTCs) under the interplay between interaction and the microwave driving. For intermediate interactions and high drivings, from the time evolution of both stroboscopic spin polarization and mutual information between two ends, we show that Floquet DTCs can exist in a prethermal time regime without the tuning of strong disorder. For much weak interactions the system is a symmetry-unbroken phase, while for strong interactions it gives its way to a thermal phase. Through analyzing the entanglement dynamics, we show that large driving fields protect the prethermal DTCs from many-body localization and thermalization. Our results suggest that by increasing the spin interaction, one can drive the experimental system into optimal regime for observing a robust prethermal DTC phase.
Problems with substantial limb lengthening.

Abstract Limb lengthening takes careful planning and meticulous outpatient care and still is burdened by minor complications. Experience may lessen major complications, but pin tract problems, swelling, and pain will plague these patients. A large group of patients can benefit from lengthening procedures, and new techniques are improving the risk-benefit balance. A thoughtful approach is needed by the surgeon, especially taking time to fully inform the patient about the time, effort, and problems involved in substantial limb lengthening.