cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘I am bodied’. ‘I am sexual’. ‘I am human’. Experiencing deafness and gayness: a story of a young man

This paper examines experiences of Deaf gay people through the eyes of a young Deaf man growing up in the predominantly hearing and heterosexual society of the Czech Republic. In the current disability and gender studies discourse there are several personal accounts of people with disabilities who also identify as gay or lesbian, but narratives about Deafness and gayness are rare or missing. To ‘queer’ the issue of Deafness and disability a little further, most Deaf people claim to be a linguistic and cultural minority, not disabled. Being Deaf and gay suggests a double identity and quite often exclusion from the majority hearing and heterosexual society. The story of 24‐year‐old Jan illustrates the struggle and challenges of a minority within a minority.
Direct micro-transfer molding of perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymer waveguides

Perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymers and copolymers enjoy a unique combination of properties well suited for optical applications such as high temperature stability, precisely controlled refractive index, low moisture absorption, excellent melt and solution processability, a variable thermoptic coefficient, and low transmission loss at 1300 and 1550 nm. Copolymerization reactions offer tailored thermal and optical properties by simple choice of comonomer. PFCB copolymers can be solution or melt microfabricated via standard methods and can also be processed via micro-transfer molding in photolithographically generated features. Reliable molding of polymer waveguides offers significant potential to reduce photonic integrated circuit (PIC) fabrication costs and enable the realization of compact, integrated subsystems for a variety of applications. Copolymerization chemistry, thermoptic measurements, and initial results on the first micro-transfer molded waveguide structures are presented.
N-channel accumulation layer MOSFET operating at 4 K

Abstract An accumulation layer n-channel MOSFET that operates at 4 K has been fabricated. Sharp hysteretic current kinks in the I–V characteristic are observed, where the transistor switches discontinuously between two well defined states. The kinks are modelled in terms of changes in the device potential configuration due to holes generated by avalanche breakdown in the high electric field region near pinch off. Noise measurements which elucidate the physical mechanisms causing the current kinks are presented.
Putting Water on a Lattice: The Importance of Long Wavelength Density Fluctuations in Theories of Hydrophobic and Interfacial Phenomena

The physics of air-water interfaces plays a central role in modern theories of the hydrophobic effect. Implementing these theories, however, has been hampered by the difficulty of addressing fluctuations in the shape of such soft interfaces. We show that this challenge is a fundamental consequence of mapping long wavelength density variations onto discrete degrees of freedom. Drawing from studies of surface roughness in lattice models, we account for the resulting nonlinearities simply but accurately. Simulations show that this approach captures complex solvation behaviors quantitatively.
Thrusts in the eastern Spring Mountains, Nevada: Geometry and mechanical implications

In the La Madre Mountain area, Paleozoic miogeosynclinal carbonate rocks have been transported eastward on two major thrust faults, the Keystone and Red Spring thrusts, with an estimated minimum cumulative transport of 30.5 km. The Red Spring thrust cuts upsection eastward in its upper plate. The Keystone thrust is exposed along a ramp of complex geometry and cuts upsection in its upper plate at its eastern end. The character of upper- and lower-plate rocks suggests that high pore-fluid pressure probably was not developed on either thrust. Terrigenous clastic sediments of Middle Triassic to Jurassic or (?)Early Cretaceous age crop out in the autochthon. The youngest of these, the synorogenic conglomerate of Brownstone Basin, was deposited before and during the first major structural event, the emplacement of the Red Spring plate above or near an erosional surface. Precambrian or Early Cambrian clasts in the conglomerate record the uplift of the structurally higher Wheeler Pass thrust plate before uplift of the Red Spring plate. North- to northwest-trending high-angle normal(?) faults broke the Red Spring plate and parautochthon into northeast-tilted blocks; deep erosion followed. The Keystone plate was emplaced over these blocks. Renewed movement on the high-angle faults displaced the Keystone thrust. Deposition of a large (7 km 2 minimum) landslide breccia postdated these high-angle fault movements.
Sulfoglucuronides from incubation of 3H-estradiol-17 β with rat liver microsomes

Abstract Incubation of rat liver microsomes with 3 H-estradiol-17β was carried with and without NADPH generator system. The separation and analysis of sulfoglucuronides was performed. Estriol and 2-hydroxyestriol were isolated in this fraction. In the sulfate and glucuronide fraction 2-hydroxy derivatives of estrone, estradiol-17β and estriol were found. Estrone was the major sulfate and estriol was the predominant glucuronide fraction. The sulfoglucuronides represented a significant proportion of the metabolites.
Improved contemporary surgical management of insulinomas: A 25-year experience at the Massachusetts general hospital

Insulinomas are the most common functioning endocrine neoplasms of the pancreas, with an incidence of 4 cases per million population.1 They have a slight predilection for women and most commonly are sporadic, with less than 10% associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 (MEN-1).1,2 Symptoms from insulinoma are related to episodes of hypoglycemia. Vague and subtle complaints, including confusion, behavioral changes, and visual disturbances are common and often result in delayed diagnosis. The severity of symptoms generally has no relationship to the malignant potential of insulinomas.3 Diagnosis is confirmed in the setting of typical symptoms with the demonstration of low serum glucose, inappropriately elevated serum insulin and C-peptide, and exclusion of other causes of hypoglycemia. Surgical resection is considered the treatment of choice in the majority of cases. There are few contemporary single-institution series that report on the management of insulinomas, and there is controversy as to the best approach for localization of these neoplasms, selection of patients for pancreas sparing surgery and the relationship of various demographic, operative and pathologic factors on survival. Herein, we present the surgical experience of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in the management of insulinomas over the last 25 years, with particular emphasis on the changes in diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes.
Bureaucratic Representation, Distributional Equity, and Democratic Values in the Administration of Public Programs

Work on bureaucratic representation suggests that minority citizens benefit when the programs that serve them are administered by bureaucrats with similar characteristics. This literature has not sufficiently dealt with the long-standing concern that minority benefits may come at the expense of citizens from other groups, which some critics argue makes representative bureaucracy irreconcilable with democratic values. This article suggests distributional equity as a potential moderator of bureaucratic representation and as a potential source of reconciliation. It tests for the effects of representation under different distributional conditions in a policy area in which outcomes approach a zero-sum game. Analyses of a nationally representative sample of public organizations find a relationship between bureaucratic representation and citizen outcomes only in those instances where program benefits are being inequitably distributed to the relevant group. The article concludes with a discussion of the significa...
An in vitro biomechanical comparison of a 5.5 mm limited-contact dynamic compression plate fixation with a 4.5 mm limited-contact dynamic compression plate fixation of osteotomized equine third metacarpal bones.

Objectives— To compare monotonic biomechanical properties and fatigue life of a 5.5 mm broad limited-contact dynamic compression plate (5.5-LC-DCP) fixation with a 4.5 mm broad LC-DCP (4.5-LC-DCP) fixation to repair osteotomized equine third metacarpal (MC3) bones. Study Design— In vitro biomechanical testing of paired cadaveric equine MC3 with a mid-diaphyseal osteotomy, stabilized by 1 of 2 methods for fracture fixation. Sample Population— Adult equine cadaveric MC3 bones (n=18 pair). Methods— MC3 were divided into 3 test groups (6 pairs each) for: (1) 4-point bending single cycle to failure testing; (2) 4-point bending cyclic fatigue testing; and (3) torsional single cycle to failure testing. The 8-hole, 5.5 mm broad LC-DCP (5.5-LC-DCP) was applied to the dorsal surface of 1 randomly selected bone from each pair. One 8-hole, 4.5 mm broad LC-DCP (4.5-LC-DCP) was applied dorsally to the contralateral bone from each pair. Plates and screws were applied using standard ASIF techniques. All MC3 bones had mid-diaphyseal osteotomies. Mean test variable values for each method were compared using a paired t–test within each group. Significance was set at P<.05. Results— Mean yield load, yield bending moment, composite rigidity, failure load and failure bending moment under 4-point bending, single cycle to failure, of the 5.5-LC-DCP fixation were significantly greater (P .05) than those with the 4.5-LC-DCP fixation. Conclusion— 5.5-LC-DCP fixation was superior to 4.5-LC-DCP fixation in resisting the static overload forces under palmarodorsal 4-point bending. There was no significant difference between 5.5-LC-DCP fixation and 4.5-LC-DCP fixation in resisting static overload forces under torsion; however, the 5.5-LC-DCP offers significantly less stability (80% of that of the 4.5-LC-DCP) in cyclic fatigue testing. Clinical Relevance— The results of this in vitro study may provide information to aid in the selection of a biological plate for long bone fracture repair in horses.
A novel gene expressed during zebrafish gastrulation identified by differential RNA display

Vertebrate gastrulation is a dynamic period of development characterized by extensive cell migrations. This stage of development is likely to require the expression of a new genetic repertoire to initiate and direct these dramatic changes. The differential RNA display has been used to identify genes specifically expressed during the gastrula stage of a model vertebrate, the zebrafish. One of the genes isolated by the differential display technique has been sequenced and characterized for its spatial and temporal expression. This gene, called G12, is expressed during a narrow window of time during gastrulation and is restricted to a single cell type. At this time of development the zebrafish embryo consists of three cell types: the yolk cell, EVL cells and deep cells. Interestingly, both EVL and deep cells derive early in development from common progenitor cells but G12 expression is restricted only to the EVL lineage. Comparison of the amino acid sequence from this gene with the Genbank database indicates similarity to two previously reported mammalian genes. The similarity between these three genes suggests that they may serve a common function. The G12 gene is the first example of restricted gene expression in EVL cells of the zebrafish. The G12 gene should prove to be a useful model for the study of regulated gene expression during gastrulation.
Pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepine Antibiotics. Biosynthesis of the Antitumor Antibiotic 11-Demethyltomaymycin and Its Biologically Inactive Metabolite Oxotomaymycin by Streptomyces achromogenes

11-Demethyltomaymycin, an antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces achromogenes, and its biologically inactive metabolite oxotomaymycin are biosynthesized from L-tyrosine, DL-tryptophan, and L-methionine. The anthranilate part of 11-demethyltomaymycin is derived from tryptophan probably via the kynurenine pathway. The predominant loss of tritium from DL-[5-3H]tryptophan, during its conversion to 11-demethyltomaymycin and oxotomaymycin is interpreted to mean by NIH shift rules, that the main pathway to the 5-methoxy-4-hydroxy anthranilate moiety is through hydroxylation at C-8 prior to hydroxylation at C-7. The methoxy carbon is derived from the S-methyl group of methionine by transfer of an intact methyl group. The ethylideneproline moiety of 11-demethyltomaymycin is biosynthesized from tyrosine, without a 1-carbon unit from methionine. The results of biosynthetic feeding experiments with L-[1-14C, 3- or 5-3H]tyrosine are consistent with a "meta" or extradiol cleavage of 6,7-dihydroxycyclodopa as has also been demonstrated previously for anthramycin and lincomycin A. An experiment in which L-[1-14C, Ala-2,3-3H]tyrosine was fed showed that both the beta hydrogens of this amino acids are retained in 11-demethyltomaymycin. It has been demonstrated in cultures and washed cell preparations that 11-demethyltomaymycin is enzymatically converted to oxotomaymycin by an intracellular constitutive enzyme. Conversion of oxotomaymycin to 11-demethyltomaymycin by these same preparations could not be demonstrated. The enzymatic activity associated with the conversion of 11-demethyltomaymycin to oxotomaymycin is not limited to the 11-demethyltomaymycin to oxotomaymycin is not limited to the 11-demethyltomaymycin production phase, since trophophase cells and even cells from 11-demethyltomaymycin nonproducing cultures of S. achromogenes were equally active in converting 11-demethyltomaymycin to oxotomaymycin.
The story of blue pee: ignorance and a new mode of governing in contemporary Japan

This paper explores a change in a mode of governing in Japan during the administration of Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi (2001–2006) through an examination of what I call the story of blue pee. The story circulated among people engaged in implementing child welfare policies at the local level, and implied that mothers today were ignorant in the ways of raising children. Situating the story within the context of the Koizumi administration's reforms, this study suggests that the manner in which people discussed the story of blue pee signaled the deployment of a type of neoliberal governmentality. The notion of ignorance was employed not to educate and normalize ‘ignorant mothers’, but to motivate Japanese to help these mothers raise children. Ultimately, helping mothers was touted as a method of creating community by fostering acts of self-management and self-reliance.
On Collision Problems Involving Large Interactions

Many collisions, particularly those in which there is an exchange of electronic energy from one atom or molecule to another, involve interactions between the colliding bodies, which (being treated as perturbations) are too large to be handled by the ordinary Born method. A method is given for the treatment of such problems. Two cases must be distinguished, that of good and that of poor resonance, resonance being good if the transition which takes place at the collision does not involve the transfer of much energy from internal energy to relative translational energy, or vice versa. The case of good resonance is handled by Dirac's perturbation method (variation of constants), and the probability that a transition take place at a collision of given distance of closest approach found in terms of the perturbation (interaction) matrix component for that collision. In the case of poor resonance, we first assume the two atoms or molecules are held at a fixed distance from each other, and apply the perturbation due to the interaction between them constructing potential energy curves as a function of the distance, as if the whole system were a large molecule. We then allow the translational motion to take place. This introduces further perturbations, which in the case of poor resonance are always small, so that relatively few transitions will occur. Since the amount of energy which we may have transferred from internal to translational, or vice versa, and still have the case of good resonance may be determined in special cases as a function of the distance of closest approach, we may tell in any special case how close the two molecules or atoms must come to each other in order for there to be a transition at the collision. Thus a radius of action can be found. In general it is concluded that if the transition is to take place with a large radius of action (compared with kinetic theory radii), then less energy can be transferred from internal to translational, or vice versa, than has hitherto been supposed.
Microbial distribution and abundance in response to physical and biological processes on the continental shelf of southeastern U.S.A.

The distribution and abundance of bacteria and phytoplankton on the continental shelf of the southeastern United States were observed in relation to physical processes. Phytoplankton production was influenced by inputs of water of reduced salinity from the estuaries and by inputs of high salinity, low-temperature water from the west front of the Gulf Stream. The distribution of chlorophyll suggests that in each case production is influenced both by inputs of nutrients and by the enhanced vertical stability associated with the stratification of waters of different densities. The standing stock of bacteria on the inner shelf, 106 ml−1, is little changed by the influx of water of reduced salinity. On the outer shelf, where the usual standing stock of bacteria is 105 ml−1, the numbers increase to 106 ml−1 in and above intrusions of Gulf Stream water in which phytoplankton blooms have developed, suggesting that the bacteria respond to products of both phytoplankton and zooplankton production. Adenylate energy charge values in the waters of the southeastern shelf are variable and volatile. At times values of 0.7 to 0.8 are widespread over most of the shelf, while at other times values <0.6 are common, with localized patches of high values. Both autotroph-dominated and heterotroph-dominated microbial communities show these variations.
Divergent syntheses of actin and myosin in fused and unfused muscle cells

Summary Myosin and actin were isolated from cultured rat muscle cells after isotope labelling. The specific activity (S.A.) of myosin from unfused cells treated with lysolecithin medium, was comparable to myosin from fused untreated cells. Extensive cell fusion was therefor not a requirement for acceleration of myosin presumably synthesized on free polysomes. Actin, presumably synthesized in association with lysolecithin-affected membranes, was however inhibited and had a comparatively low S.A.
Safety climate dimensions, leader–member exchange, and organizational support as predictors of upward safety communication in a sample of rail industry workers.

The freedom employees feel to communicate safety concerns with their supervisors, termed upward safety communication, has been shown to be related to adverse safety events (Hofmann and Morgeson, 1999). Research to date has demonstrated that good supervisor-employee relationships (leader-member exchange), a sense that the organization values an employee (perceived organizational support) and safety climate (including perceived management attitudes toward safety, job demands interfering with safety, and pressure from coworkers to behave safely) all contribute to employees' comfort in bringing up safety issues with their supervisors. However, little is known about which specific dimensions of safety climate are most predictive of upward safety communication. Using a sample of 548 railway workers, we found that when all factors were considered simultaneously using dominance analysis, the dominant factor predicting upward safety communication was perceived management attitudes toward safety, followed by job demands interfering with safety and then leader-member exchange. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
On Condition Numbers Associated with Radial-Function Interpolation

Abstract Estimates on spectral condition numbers for scattered-data interpolation matrices associated with a certain class of conditionally positive definite radial functions of order 0, including the Gaussians, are provided. In addition, lp-condition number estimates, with 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ are discussed. The estimates on the spectral condition numbers lead to necessary and sufficient conditions for such condition numbers to be independent of the number of data sites.
The nonlinear evolution of magnetized solar filaments

Thermal instability driven by optically thin radiation is believed to initiate the formation of plasma filaments in the solar corona. The fact that filaments are observed generally to separate regions of opposite, line-of-sight, magnetic polarity in the underlying photosphere suggests that filament formation requires the presence of a highly sheared, local magnetic field. Two-dimensional, nonlinear, magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the local genesis and growth of solar filaments in a force-free, sheared, magnetic field were performed, and the evolution of generic perturbations possessing broad spatial profiles was traced. It was found that simulations of the evolution of initial random-noise perturbations produce filamentary plasma structures that exhibit densities and temperatures characteristic of observed solar filaments. Furthermore, in each of these simulations, the filament axis lies at a finite angle with respect to the local magnetic field, consistent with solar observations.
A phase-2 trial of low-dose pomalidomide in myelofibrosis

In a previous study, we reported on the safety and efficacy of low-dose (0.5 mg) pomalidomide and prednisone and pomalidomide alone (2 mg/day), for the treatment of anemia associated with myelofibrosis (MF). The current study examined the value of low-dose pomalidomide alone. The main eligibility criterion was transfusion-dependency or hemoglobin 50% increment in platelet count. There were no spleen responses. Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia/neutropenia occurred in 2%/0% of patients. Low-dose pomalidomide is effective in the treatment of anemia associated with JAK2V617F-positive MF; response is predicted by early drug-induced basophilia.
Evaluation of rate constants from thermogravimetric data

A method has been derived whereby the characteristic constants of the rate equation may be derived directly from the thermogravimetric analysis curve. The method described, in contradistinction to previously described methods, does not require transformation to a time scale, nor pointwise graphical differentiation, and no mathematical approximations are made. The method is applicable to any reaction showing one or more successive thermogravimetric inflection points, requiring only that the location of the inflection point and the slope of the curve at that point be determined. It is demonstrated that the constants derived apply to the whole curve as well as the vicinity of the inflection point.
Studies of delayed hypersensitivity to L. Monocytogenes in mice: nature of cells involved in passive transfers.

Abstract C3Hf/Umc mice were immunized by an intravenous injection of a sublethal dose of live Listeria monocytogenes. The animals developed delayed-type hypersensitivity (DH) concomitant with infectious immunity to this organism. Delayed hypersensitivity could be transferred to normal lethally irradiated mice with spleen cells from immune animals. The immune cells cells responsible for transfer of adoptive immunity were susceptible to in vitro cytolytic action of anti-theta iso-antibody and complement, since such treatment rendered these cells incapable of further passive transfer of specific immunity to Listeria. The acquired DH to Listeria persisted in mice after 900 R lethal irradiation, provided normal syngeneic bone marrow cells were also administered, thus indicating the persistance of a cell population in the immune irradiated mice, resistant to effects of radiation. The radio resistant nature of this immune cell population was further demonstrated by passive transfer with spleen cells, derived from preimmunized lethally irradiated mice to normal syngeneic mice or to lethally irradiated nonimmunized hosts reconstituted with normal bone marrow which then responded to antigenic challenge with DH. Treatment of the immune radio resistant spleen cells in vitro with anti-theta and complement eliminated passive transfers of DH by these cells; however, this effect was less obvious than similar treatment of the immune, nonirradiated, spleen cells.
Consistent Calculations of pKa's of Ionizable Residues in Proteins: Semi-microscopic and Microscopic Approaches

One of the most direct benchmarks for electrostatic models of macromolecules is provided by the pKa's of ionizable groups in proteins. Obtaining accurate results for such a benchmark presents a major challenge. Microscopic models involve very large opposing contributions and suffer from convergence problems. Continuum models that consider the protein permanent dipoles as a part of the dielectric constant cannot reproduce the correct self-energy. Continuum models that treat the local environment in a semi-microscopic way do not take into account consistently the protein relaxation during the charging process. This work describes calculations of pKa's in protein in an accurate yet consistent way, using the semi-microscopic version of the protein dipoles Langevin dipoles (PDLD) model, which treats the protein relaxation in the microscopic framework of the linear response approximation. This approach allows one to take into account the protein structural reorganization during formation of charges, thus reduci...
A virtual phantom library for the quantification of deformable image registration uncertainties in patients with cancers of the head and neck.

Purpose: Deformable image registration (DIR) is being used increasingly in various clinical applications. However, the underlying uncertainties of DIR are not well-understood and a comprehensive methodology has not been developed for assessing a range of interfraction anatomic changes during head and neck cancer radiotherapy. This study describes the development of a library of clinically relevant virtual phantoms for the purpose of aiding clinicians in the QA of DIR software. These phantoms will also be available to the community for the independent study and comparison of other DIR algorithms and processes. Methods: Each phantom was derived from a pair of kVCT volumetric image sets. The first images were acquired of head and neck cancer patients prior to the start-of-treatment and the second were acquired near the end-of-treatment. A research algorithm was used to autosegment and deform the start-of-treatment (SOT) images according to a biomechanical model. This algorithm allowed the user to adjust the head position, mandible position, and weight loss in the neck region of the SOT images to resemble the end-of-treatment (EOT) images. A human-guided thin-plate splines algorithm was then used to iteratively apply further deformations to the images with the objective of matching the EOT anatomy as closely as possible. The deformations from each algorithm were combined into a single deformation vector field (DVF) and a simulated end-of-treatment (SEOT) image dataset was generated from that DVF. Artificial noise was added to the SEOT images and these images, along with the original SOT images, created a virtual phantom where the underlying “ground-truth” DVF is known. Images from ten patients were deformed in this fashion to create ten clinically relevant virtual phantoms. The virtual phantoms were evaluated to identify unrealistic DVFs using the normalized cross correlation (NCC) and the determinant of the Jacobian matrix. A commercial deformation algorithm was applied to the virtual phantoms to show how they may be used to generate estimates of DIR uncertainty. Results: The NCC showed that the simulated phantom images had greater similarity to the actual EOT images than the images from which they were derived, supporting the clinical relevance of the synthetic deformation maps. Calculation of the Jacobian of the “ground-truth” DVFs resulted in only positive values. As an example, mean error statistics are presented for all phantoms for the brainstem, cord, mandible, left parotid, and right parotid. Conclusions: It is essential that DIR algorithms be evaluated using a range of possible clinical scenarios for each treatment site. This work introduces a library of virtual phantoms intended to resemble real cases for interfraction head and neck DIR that may be used to estimate and compare the uncertainty of any DIR algorithm.
Potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT) for spherical particles with finite interfacial kinetics

The potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT) is an electroanalytical method that has been widely used to study diffusion of solutes (such as lithium) in electrode materials. Here, we extend the conventional PITT method to account for finite interfacial reaction kinetics and derive analytic equations for electric current under PITT operations. Using the modified PITT, the lithium diffusion coefficient in host materials and the interfacial reaction kinetics can be determined simultaneously. We demonstrate this modified PITT by an example of lithium diffusion in graphite (mesocarbon microbeads, MCMB) and show the improvements of the modified PITT theory over the conventional PITT for investigating the kinetics of electrodes comprising spherical particles.
Adaptive position estimation for an automated guided vehicle

In a mobile robotic system, complexities in positioning arise due to the motion. An adaptive position estimation scheme has been developed for an automated guide vehicle (AGV) to overcome these complexities. The scheme's purpose is to minimize the position error--the difference between the estimated position and the actual position. The method to achieve this is to adapt the system model by incorporating a parameter vector and using a maximum likelihood algorithm to estimate the parameters after an accurate position determination is made. A simulation of the vehicle's guidance system was developed and the estimator tested on an oval-shaped path. Upon injecting biases into the system, initial position errors were 10 centimeters or more. After the estimator converged, the maximum final errors were on the order of 1 to 2 centimeters (prior to measurement update). After each measurement update, after the estimator had converged, errors were on the order of 1 to 2 millimeters.
Using Visual Attention Video Games and Traditional Interventions to Improve Baggage Screening

Vigilance tasks represent an increasingly critical performance segment for civilians and military personnel alike. In order to combat the vigilance decrement and aid in making personnel more effective, it is necessary to find innovative ways to mitigate the vigilance decrement and aid the human visual system. One such technique lies in an interesting field; recent findings suggest that action video games modify the visual attention system in a way that is particularly useful to performance in a sustained attention task. This article discusses the nature of these findings in the context of improving performance in a common vigilance task: baggage screening.
Hemodialysis in the Treatment of Life-Threatening Hyperphosphatemia

A case of phosphate intoxication is reported in which hemodialysis was used to reverse life-threatening hyperphosphatemia.
Evolution of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy: benefits and risks of contemporary pharmacologic agents and their implications for myonecrosis and bleeding in percutaneous coronary intervention.

Periprocedural myonecrosis, as evidenced by elevated creatine kinase–myocardial bound (CK-MB) levels, occurs in up to 25% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and has been linked with an increased risk of adverse short- and long-term clinical outcomes. Such myonecrosis arises from three main pathophysiological mechanisms: procedure-related complications, lesion-specific characteristics (e.g., large thrombus burden, plaque volume), and patient-specific characteristics (e.g., genetic predisposition, arterial inflammation). Periprocedural myonecrosis has not been definitively identified as the cause of postprocedural ischemic events, although agents that reduce or prevent thrombosis—including aspirin, thienopyridines, heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and direct thrombin inhibitors—have been shown to reduce the incidence of ischemic outcomes in this population, as have agents that reduce inflammation (aspirin, statins). At the same time, antithrombotic agents are known to increase the risk of bleeding and the use of transfusions, which have likewise been associated with worse outcomes in these patients. Thus, optimal management of patients undergoing PCI represents a balance between minimizing the risk of ischemic outcomes and simultaneously minimizing the risk of major bleeding. It may be that patients who have only minor, untreated postprocedural elevations in CK-MB level (with no clinical or angiographic signs of ischemia) might have a better prognosis than patients who have normal CK-MB levels but who suffer major bleeding complications. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
REST: a reliable estimation of stopping time algorithm for social game experiments

Through a social game, we integrate building occupants into the control and management of an office building that is instrumented with networked embedded systems for sensing and actuation. The goal of the social game is to both incentivize building occupants to be more energy efficient and learn behavioral models for occupants so that the building can be made sustainable through automation. Given a generative model for the occupants behavior in the competitive environment created by the social game, we develop a method for learning the parameters of the behavioral model as we conduct the experiment by adopting a learning to learn framework. Using tools from statistical learning, we provide bounds on the parameter inference error. In addition, we provide an algorithm for computing the stopping time required for a specified level of confidence in estimation. We show the performance of our algorithm in several examples.
Changing multiple health behaviors: smoking and exercise.

Abstract Background Previous stage of change research examining health behaviors has tended to examine one behavior at a time. However, one recent study by King et al. (1996) examined the relationship between smoking and exercise across cognitive-behavioral mediators (i.e., decisional balance and self-efficacy) shown to be important in predicting readiness to change. In this study, we seek to replicate the study of King et al. (1996) in a low-income sample, the majority of whom are women, with at least one chronic illness who are attending primary care clinics. Methods Data were obtained from 270 adult outpatients attending four public primary care clinics in Louisiana. Results Smoking and exercise stage of change were not related. Significant relationships existed between the cognitive variables of smoking and exercise. No significant differences existed within exercise stage of change on the cognitive variables of smoking, and vice versa, no significant differences were noted within smoking stage of change on the cognitive variables of exercise. Conclusions Smoking and exercise appear to be specific health behaviors that are independent constructs in this particular sample. However, caution should be taken when interpreting the findings since 75% of the sample had at least one chronic illness.
An examination of the Cooper-Helmstetter theory of DNA replication in bacteria and its underlying assumptions.

The relationship between the DNA content of an average bacterial cell in an exponential culture, the velocity of chromosome rePlication (C), the time between replication termination and cell division (D), and the doubling time (τ), originally derived by Cooper and Helmstetter, is shown to be independent of two assumptions made by those authors. That is, it is not necessary to assume an ideal age distribution of cells in an exponential culture, and replication need not initiate synchronously at every DNA origin sequence within the cell. This implies that the relationship has a more general validity than has been previously supposed, and that agreement of observations on exponential cultures with the Cooper-Helmstetter theory cannot be taken to prove the assumptions on which that theory was originally based.
Fine structure of soft carious dentine.

Abstract Dentine of carious and noncarious teeth was examined with the electron microscope. Distinct zones were noted at different cavity depths. A peritubular dense layer was described and was related to the presence of microorganisms. Hypermineralized dentine of deeper carious zones was found to be morphologically different from that of the more superficial zones. The nature of this deeper zone was suggestive of a protective response on the part of the tissue rather than a zone of carious destruction.
Ultraviolet Imaging of the Irregular Galaxy NGC 4449 with the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope: Photometry and Recent Star Formation History

The bright Magellanic irregular galaxy NGC 4449 was observed during the Astro-2 Space Shuttle mission by the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT), which obtained images of a 40' field centered on the galaxy in two broad far-ultraviolet (FUV) bands centered at 1520 and 1620 A, with 3''-5'' spatial resolution. Together with Hα and Hβ fluxes from ground-based Fabry-Perot images, these data are analyzed in order to explore the recent star formation history of NGC 4449. Maps of the Hα-to-FUV and FUV-to-blue continuum flux ratios are presented and interpreted using evolutionary synthesis models. Photometry is presented both for 22 apertures containing large OB complexes and for 57 small apertures containing compact FUV-emitting knots. The OB complexes along the northern edge of the visible system have high Hα-to-FUV ratios and thus appear to be more dominated by the current generation of stars than are other parts of the galaxy. However, young sources do exist elsewhere and are particularly conspicuous along the bar. The small-aperture analysis shows three candidate regions for sequential star formation. Surface brightness profiles are consistent with an exponential disk in both the FUV and the optical continuum.
Numerical experiments on Lynden-Bell's statistics

We performed computer experiments on 13 different initial configurations of one-dimensional self-gravitating systems. The three most and the three least violently relaxed systems were compared with the predictions of Lynden-Bell’s statistical mechanics. The agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions became worse as the relaxation became more violent. While all six systems were theoretically nondegenerate, the violent systems invariably flung out a halo that took most of the energy, leaving behind a low-energy degenerate core.
An indicator displacement assay with independent dual wavelength emission.

A multifunctional metallo-receptor was designed with both metal and boronic acid binding groups. A sensor ensemble was prepared using the metallo-receptor and the fluorescent dye ARS. The dye produced two distinct fluorescent bands from interaction with the boronic acid and the metal, respectively. Partial displacement of the dye by simple analytes led to different fluorescent signatures than full displacement. This differential response provided easy discrimination of the individual analytes.
Using networked simulation to assess problem solving by tactical teams

The assessment of problem solving by military tactical teams presents a compelling and nationally significant challenge to students of human behavior. Individual and team problem solving have much in common, but some processes of problem-solving are more accessible to assessment within teams because team members must explicitly share and communicate mental representations of the problem-solving environment with one another. Networked simulation promises unique opportunities to observe and assess these processes, which have been found to account for a substantial portion of tactical team success. A framework is suggested for use of networked simulation to accomplish these ends. In order to fulfill its promise for assessing tactical teams, data collection in networked simulation needs to be supplemented by display capabilities, communications records, direct observation, and biographical data.
Interference in memory for pictorial information.

Abstract Subjects studied either faces composed from visual features or verbal facts composed from concepts. Recognition times were increased for both faces and facts when they were composed of elements that occurred in multiple study items. In Experiment 1 the interfering effect of other study items was much larger for verbal facts than for faces. This difference was largely eliminated in Experiment 2 where care was taken to control the features by which the faces were encoded. Experiment 2 also showed that verbal information could interfere with pictorial information and vice versa. However, this cross-modality interference was much weaker than within-modality interference. The data are consistent with the ACT theory in which pictorial material and verbal material are stored together in an abstract propositional network. The subnode model (Anderson, Language, memory, and thought, Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1976) can account for the greater within- than cross-modality interference.
Microcellular polymeric materials from microemulsions: Control of microstructure and morphology

The effect of a crosslinking agent on the formation of porous solids by polymerizing microemulsions formulated with monomers was investigated. Phenomenological studies were carried out to evaluate the possibility of controlling the morphology of the porous polymeric materials by using precursor microemulsions having a distinct microstructure. A microemulsion system, containing methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylic acid (AA), the crosslinking agent ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), water, and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as surfactant, was studied. An identical surfactant-free system, formed using the same monomers, crosslinking agent, and water, but without surfactant, was also studied. Microemulsion samples from both these systems, having a water in oil droplet microstructure and also samples exhibiting bicontinuous microstructural characteristics, were used as precursor systems for polymerization. The morphology of the polymeric solids obtained was examined using scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of this study indicate the possibility of forming porous polymeric solids having specifically tailored morphology and microstructure by the polymerization of monomer containing microemulsions. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mechanism of Nucleon Transfer Reactions Induced by 148-MeV N 14 Ions

Neutron and proton transfer reactions have been studied in the ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$+${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ system using a 148-MeV ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ beam and an isotopic identification system capable of resolving isolated residual states. Highly selective population of states having a simple one-nucleon configuration based on the ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ ground state has been observed in the ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$(${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$,${\mathrm{O}}^{15}$)${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$(${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$,${\mathrm{N}}^{15}$)${\mathrm{C}}^{11}$ analog reactions. The ratio of cross sections for these reactions is well reproduced on the assumption of charge symmetry. Calculations based on the Boyarkina and on the Kurath wave functions are in agreement with the observed relative population of the ground and first excited states of the $A=11$ mirror pair. None of the transfer angular distributions show diffraction oscillations, contrary to the predictions of the Frahn and Venter model. Both the Dar and the Dodd and Greider models can reproduce experimental results; however, the evidence now available on heavy-ion transfer reactions favors the finite range potential and recoil mechanism of the latter model.
Consistency of job satisfaction across situations: Fact or framing artifact?

Abstract Consistency of job satisfaction across situations, a finding used to support the dispositional interpretation of job satisfaction, may be an artifact. If people have stable traits that predispose them to be either satisfied or dissatisfied with their jobs (i.e., if job satisfaction is dispositional), then job attitudes should be consistent across time and jobs, as Staw and Ross (1985) found. Therefore, it should not make a difference whether persons are asked to evaluate the job while they are holding it or after they have moved on to another job. Two cross-sectional studies ( N s = 1356 and 582) and one longitudinal study ( N = 168) showed that the finding of consistency of attitudes was not robust. Shifts in frames of reference, i.e., response-shift bias ( Howard & Dailey, 1979 ), provided a better explanation for consistency in job attitudes than did individual traits or dispositions. Implications for the interpretation of consistency of job attitudes are discussed.
Origin of basalt microlapilli in lower Miocene pelagic sediment, northeastern Pacific Ocean

Basalt microlapilli consisting of glassy particles and rock fragments were recovered in lower Miocene pelagic sediment from Deep Sea Drilling Project site 32 in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Major-element chemistry indicates that the parent tholeiitic magma was high in iron and titanium, similar to many of the abyssal basalts from the eastern Pacific Ocean, and the relatively high K 2 O content suggests additional fractionation before eruption. The microlapilli most likely were erupted subaerially from an island volcano, although a shallow submarine source cannot be discounted. If wind were the only method of dispersal, then the volcano was probably within 100 km of site 32. If surface or density currents played a role in transport, however, the volcano may have been at a greater distance.
Argument for the Non-Existence of the “Strong CP Problem” in QCD

Based upon the BRST formulation of covariant quantization of QCD and assuming that the PCT operator is well defined, we present a plausibility argument that the so-called θ parameter for the strong CP violation of QCD should be equal identically to θ=0 or π
(E)-2-acetylcinnamic acid: Hydrogen-bonding pattern of an α,β-unsaturated β′-keto acid

the title compound, (E)-2-acetyl-3-phenylpropenoic acid, C 11 H 10 O 3 , adopts a conformation incorporating a planar trans-cinnamic acid, with the α-acetyl group rotated orthogonal to it. Pairs of molecules of identical conformational chirality form carboxyl dimers across C2 axes, and the acid group displays disorder. There is a 2.64 A ketone-O...methyl-H close contact between centrosymmetrically related dimer units.