cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptual-motor functioning and school achievement in lower-class black children.

Perceptual-motor functioning was studied in 160 lower-class, black, fifth-grade children, 80 achieving at or above grade level, and 80 achieving at least 2 yr. below grade level. On the Bender motor-Gestalt test, the low achievers made significantly more errors than the high achievers, including both rotation and non-rotation errors. Sex differences were minimal and, where observed, stemmed from a particularly high frequency of non-rotation errors among the low-achieving girls. Performance of the high achievers was close to published norms for the Bender but low achievers fell substantially below the norms.
Colocalized Granular Cell Tumor and Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

Abstract A 57-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of a palpable mass in the upper inner quadrant of the right breast. A 1.1-cm, poorly circumscribed, firm tumor nodule was noted, consisting of 2 histologically distinct lesions in the same location, with some areas showing purely well-differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma and others composed of granular cell tumor. In 1 area, the 2 tumors collided and infiltrated each other. The invasive ductal carcinoma was admixed with ductal carcinoma in situ of solid and cribriform types. To our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating colocalization of these 2 neoplasms, which raises questions regarding causal relationship. We also review the literature on granular cell tumor of the breast.
Evaluation of a humidity‐measuring instrument for the determination of water in spray‐dried flavour powders

Spray drying is a common technique for encapsulation of liquid and dry flavours. Control of the water content of spray-dried flavour powders is critical for maintaining product quality and storage stability. Karl Fischer titration is the method of choice for confirming that the product meets specifications, but a simpler technique would be welcome in the quality control laboratory. We report here the results of an evaluation of a humidity-measuring instrument, the Computrac ® Vapor Pro ® , for determining the water content of spray-dried flavour powders. The instrument heats the sample to drive off moisture, which is measured with a water-specific sensor. The influence of the oven temperature, sample size, purge time, and endpoint detection method were determined for our samples. The optimized Vapor Pro ® measurements show excellent correlation (r 2 = 0.9923, n = 51) with the reference Karl Fischer method over a range of 1.3% to 7.4% water, with comparable precision. The instrument is thus capable of replacing a Karl Fischer titrator for at-line monitoring and QC evaluation of water in spray-dried flavours.
Kleemeier Award Lecture: Are There Genes for Aging?

The question of whether aging - the process that converts fit adults into frailer adults with a progressively increased risk of illness, injury, and death - is under genetic control is ambiguous, and its answer depends on what one means by aging. Natural selection can select for genes that retard aging, but only in species and niches where the value of prolonged survival outweighs its costs. Although the form aging takes can be affected by variations at many genetic loci the number of loci that moderate the pace of synchronized decay may be far smaller. Single gene mutants can extend mouse lifespan by over 50%, and genetic selection for small body size also leads to dramatic life span extension in dogs, suggesting strongly that aging can be affected by genetic variations within a species, but identification of genetic differences that discriminate long-lived from short-lived species will require a combination of genetic and physiological analyses.
Using aerosol optical thickness to predict ground-level PM2.5 concentrations in the St. Louis area: A comparison between MISR and MODIS

Using two general linear regression models, we compared the ability of the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieved by the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to predict ground-level PM2.5 concentrations in St. Louis, MO and its surrounding areas . The models included meteorological parameters obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Rapid Update Cycle (RUC20) model as covariates. Both MISR and MODIS AOT values were highly significant predictors of PM2.5 concentrations. The MISR and MODIS models have overall comparable predictability of ground-level PM2.5 concentrations. The MISR model explained a slightly greater percentage (62%) of the variability in PM2.5 concentrations than the MODIS model (51%), and thus was a better fit. Over the entire data range, the MISR model underpredicts PM2.5 concentrations by approximately 12%, whereas the MODIS model underpredicts PM2.5 concentrations by approximately 18%. This underestimation occurred primarily at higher PM2.5 concentrations in both models. The regression coefficients from two models were highly comparable, suggesting that combining MISR and MODIS AOT data might benefit from the higher predicting accuracy of MISR and the better spatial coverage of MODIS. The newly developed particle size/shape indicators in MISR and MODIS aerosol product did not significantly improve our ability to predict PM2.5 concentrations using AOT measurements. Finally, using hourly PM2.5 concentrations did not seem to improve its association with AOT for the current study region.
Precise Buffer Overflow Detection via Model Checking

Buffer overflows are the source of a vast majority of vulnerabilities in today’s software. Existing solution for detecting buffer overflow, either statically or dynamically, have serious drawbacks that hinder their wider adoption by practitioners. In this paper we present an automated overflow detection technique based on model checking and iterative refinement. We discuss advantages, and limitations, of our approach with respect to today’s existing solutions. We also describe how our approach may be implemented on top of a model checking technology being developed at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI).
Detection of Karenia brevis harmful algal blooms in the West Florida Shelf using red bands of MERIS imagery

Karenia brevis (K. brevis) blooms regularly in the Gulf of Mexico. However, detection from space still remains a challenge using standard bio-optical retrieval algorithms because of the uncertainties of atmospheric correction and spectral interferences arising in optically complex coastal waters from high concentrations of organic and inorganic materials. We propose a simple red band difference (RBD) technique to detect blooms, coupled with a normalized difference technique to distinguish k. brevis blooms specifically, which we label as the K. brevis bloom index (KBBI). K. brevis blooms studied include those from the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) ocean color measurements off the West Florida Shelf (WFS). As is known, K. brevis has low backscatter characteristics, and as a consequence, it is the chlorophyll fluorescence that dominates the red water-leaving radiance signals (over any elastic scatter). The proposed techniques take advantage of this dominance of the fluorescence signal. With the red water leaving reflectance dominated by fluorescence, which is the case for K. brevis, the reflectance spectra has a local minimum around 665 nm (band 7) and the signal at 681 nm (band 8), which falls in the shoulder of the reflectance peak, has higher values than the signal at band 7 due to the chlorophyll fluorescence emission centered around 685 nm.
Magnetic susceptibility and exchange coupling in the mineral ardennite

Abstract Ardennite, a rare silicate mineral, contains about 19 wt.% manganese. Some of the manganese atoms are in positions which are close enough to allow negative exchange and hence a reduction of the total magnetic susceptibility. It is shown that the susceptibility can be accounted for approximately by the treatment of Earnshaw and Lewis (1958) for S = 5 2 and a Hamiltonian H = −2 g μ H b −2 JS 1 · S 2 .
Subjectivity uncertainty theory of objectification: Compensating for uncertainty about how to positively relate to others by downplaying their subjective attributes

Abstract Why do people sometimes view others as objects rather than complete persons? We propose that when people desire successful interactions with others, yet feel uncertain about their ability to navigate others' subjectivity, they downplay others' subjective attributes, focusing instead on their concrete attributes. This account suggests that objectification represents a response to uncertainty about one's ability to successfully interact with others distinct from: instrumentalizing others in response to power; dehumanizing others in response to threat; and simplifying others in response to general uncertainty. Supporting this account: When uncertainty about navigating women's subjectivity was salient, men showed increased sexual objectification to the extent that they desired successful interactions with women (Study 1) and were primed to view such interactions as self-esteem relevant (Study 2). In a workplace scenario, participants made uncertain about their managerial ability felt less confident about their ability to navigate employees' subjectivity and, consequently, role-objectified employees (Study 3).
Ireland's National Induction Programme for Teachers

AbstractBased on first-hand observations and conversations with educators in Dublin, the authors describe the origins of Ireland's National Induction Programme, how it has evolved, and the way the program functions today, as well as draw comparisons to induction programs in other countries.
Transcriptional effects of CRP* expression in Escherichia coli

Background Escherichia coli exhibits diauxic growth in sugar mixtures due to CRP-mediated catabolite repression and inducer exclusion related to phosphotransferase system enzyme activity. Replacement of the native crp gene with a catabolite repression mutant (referred to as crp*) enables co-utilization of glucose and other sugars in E. coli. While previous studies have examined the effects of expressing CRP* mutants on the expression of specific catabolic genes, little is known about the global transcriptional effects of CRP* expression. In this study, we compare the transcriptome of E. coli W3110 (expressing wild-type CRP) to that of mutant strain PC05 (expressing CRP*) in the presence and absence of glucose.
Studies of parajulid diplopods. I. The development of the external sexual structures of Parajulus impressus say(8)

A description of the gross embryology of the sex apparatus of a common diplopod, the corn millipede. The life-cycle of this animal involves eleven instars extending over a period of three years. In the male the true first legs are shed at the ninth ecdysis and the large clasping appendages are substituted through the last three instars. In the region of the second body somite the fused coxal plate and the penes are developed at the final molt; the second appendages are reduced at this time. The greatest changes occur in the region of the seventh somite, where the legs are shed about the eighth ecdysis and the gonopods developed through the remaining instars. It is evident that these gonopods arise as a modification of the sternites of the seventh somite. In the female the second legs are reduced to vestiges at the final molt. The structures at the mouth of the oviducts are developed from the surrounding tissues and the modified sternites of the reduced second legs. These changes are in progress as early as the seventh instar, but the greatest changes occur at the final ecdysis.
Efficacies of Two New Antifungal Agents, the Triazole Ravuconazole and the Echinocandin LY-303366, in an Experimental Model of Invasive Aspergillosis

The efficacy of ravuconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent, and the echinocandin LY-303366 were evaluated in an immunosuppressed, temporarily leukopenic rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis. Oral therapy with ravuconazole at a dosage of 30 mg/kg of body weight per day or the echinocandin LY-303366, given intravenously in a dosage of 5 or 10 mg/kg, was begun 24 h after a lethal or sublethal challenge, and results were compared with those for amphotericin B therapy and untreated controls. Prophylaxis was also studied with LY-303366 given at a dosage of 5 or 10 mg/kg/day 48 h before lethal or sublethal challenge. Ravuconazole eliminated mortality, cleared aspergillus antigen from the serum, and eliminated Aspergillus fumigatus organisms from tissues of both lethally and sublethally challenged immunosuppressed animals with invasive aspergillosis. Although LY-303366, at both doses, prolonged survival and reduced aspergillus antigenemia, it did not eliminate aspergillus organisms from organ tissues. The half-lives of ravuconazole and LY-303366 in rabbits were 13 and 12.5 h, respectively, and no accumulation of either drug was seen after 6 days of treatment. Although LY-303366 showed activity in this rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis, ravuconazole was the more active agent, comparable to amphotericin B. Additional studies are needed to determine the potential of ravuconazole for use in the treatment of this infection.
The input pattern fault model and its application

The input pattern (IP) fault model is a functional fault model that allows for both complete and partial functional verification of every circuit primitive, independent of the design level. Here, we formalize the model and provide a method for analyzing IP faults using single stuck-line (SSL) based tools.
Fractional SR Ca release is regulated by trigger Ca and SR Ca content in cardiac myocytes.

The release of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca in cardiac muscle during excitation-contraction coupling is known to be graded by the amount of activating Ca outside the SR (i.e., Ca-induced Ca relea...
Clearance Rates of Villosa iris (Bivalvia: Unionidae) Fed Different Rations of the Alga Neochloris oleoabundans

We investigated effects of algal cell concentration and mussel size (shell length) on the clearance rate (CR) of the rainbow mussel, Villosa iris. Mussel were either batch-fed a single ration of algae for 24h, or were fed three different algal rations that were replenished every hour for 3 hours. Mean CR of V. iris batch fed a single ration (1.3 x 10 6 c/mL,
Active transport by the cecropia midgut. 3. Midgut potential generated directly by active K-transport.

1. From two lines of evidence, we conclude that the potassium transport gives rise directly to the midgut potential, i.e. that the active potassium transport mechanism is electrogenic. 2. First, diffusion potentials of neither potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, nor chloride could give rise to the large midgut potential if values for tissue concentrations are accepted for their respective activities in the epithelium. 3. Secondly, no externally added cation other than potassium is required to sustain either the potential or short circuit current, no specific anion is required, and no metabolic ion is known to be produced in sufficient amount to act as a counter ion for potassium in a non-electrogenic process. 4. Changes in the concentration of potassium on the blood-side of the midgut always lead to changes in potential in the direction predicted by the Nernst equation. Moreover, a tenfold change in potassium concentration leads to the expected 59 mV. potential change provided that the prior midgut potential is at least 130 mV. This effect could be attributed either to the stimulation of an electrogenic potassium pump or to a potassium diffusion potential across the blood-side barrier.
Effectiveness of Exercise Interventions in Reducing Pain Symptoms among Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) affects approximately one third of older adults in the United States. The pain accompanying its progression reduces quality of life and leads to activity restriction and physical disability. Evidence suggests that exercise represents a promising treatment for pain among older knee-OA patients. The article provides an overview of the extant research examining the effectiveness of exercise interventions in reducing pain symptoms among older adults with knee OA. Critical evaluation of the literature reveals that aerobic training, strength training, and combination aerobic and strength training result in improvements in pain. The magnitude of pain reduction accompanying exercise interventions varies considerably across studies, however. In addition, most trials have focused on short-term ( 6 months) trials have been plagued by high attrition and poor postintervention maintenance of treatment effects. Given the variability in the effectiveness of exercise interventions, future research is necessary to determine the individual differences that influence older OA patients' responsiveness to exercise interventions and identify more efficacious strategies for promoting the maintenance of long-term exercise.
G-Force Basketball

Somewhere in deep space, two astronauts play a game of zero gravity basketball. When the game gets too close, one opponent resorts to manipulating the gravity to beat the other but that some turns against him.
Liberty and Diversity: An Example of the Garden State Variety: Lipp v. Morris, 579 F.2d 834 (1978)

One of the hallowed, if not hackneyed, words in the human lexicon is "liberty." To many, the term implies a positive concept-- the freedom to do something, not as a privilege but as a right. But there are multiple dimensions to the concept of liberty. It can also imply a negative freedom, a right NOT to do something; or to decline to undertake a certain course of action or conduct. It has been a part of our history since the establishment of New Jersey. From the rich and varied history of this Garden State, thereby lies an unusual tale of liberty and diversity. The focus of this talks concerns the Pledge of Allegiance, or POA.In its original form, this paper was presented at the New Jersey Forum at Kean University on November 21, 2014.
The effect of time of day on driver's injury severity at highway-rail grade crossings in the United States

Based on the Federal Railway Administration (FRA) database, there were totally 25,945 highway-rail crossing crashes happened in the United States between 2002 and 2011. With an extensive research, analysis results showed that there were substantial differences by time of day for driver's injury severity at highway-rail grade crossings. However, there is no published study on time of day analysis of driver's injury given that a highway-rail grade crossing crash happens. This study applied ordered probit models to explore the determinants of injury severity for motor vehicle drivers at highway-rail grade crossings. The results show that motor vehicle driver's injury severity in highway-rail grade crossing crashes that happen during a.m. peak, p.m. peak, and p.m. off-peak is extremely higher than other time periods. However, speed control will significantly reduce driver's injury severity. In addition, crashes that happen during early morning, a.m. peak, and p.m. peak are more likely to be influenced by vehicle speed and train speed compared with other time periods. Paved highways will significantly help to reduce driver's injury severity at highway-rail grade crossings. Drivers during peak hours, early morning and p.m. off-peak are more likely to be influenced by unpaved roadway compared with other time periods.
Force Health Protection: The Mission and Political Context of the Longitudinal Health Record

Drawing upon an extensive search of publically available literature and discussions at the "National Forum on the Future of the Defense Health Information System," this article documents the evolving mission and political context of the longitudinal health record (LHR) as an instrument for Force Health Protection (FHP). Because of the Gulf War syndrome controversy, the Department of Defense (DoD) launched an ambitious, complex series of programs designed to create a comprehensive, integrated defense health surveillance capability to assure FHP and keep faith with the American people. This "system of systems" includes individual component systems to perform specific functions such as disease surveillance, battlefield assessment, and patient care and consolidates these diverse types of information into centrally accessible archives that serve the interests of occupational health, preventive medicine, medical strategic planning, and longitudinal patient health care. After 25 years of effort and major accomplishments, progress toward a LHR remains uneven and controversy persists.
Effect of Testosterone Injections upon the Course of Pregnancy in Unoperated and in Castrated Rats

Since the male sex hormone testosterone∗ has become generally available, the current literature abounds in reports of its action in both the male and the female vertebrate. Among the various androgenic substances thus far isolated, testosterone most nearly resembles progesterone, hence in its action upon the reproductive tract it might also be expected to simulate that ovarian hormone.Some experiments carried out at the Carnegie Laboratory corroborated the findings of others that testosterone causes a mucification of the vaginal mucosa and no cornification, and that in the monkey growth of the mammary tree and production of alveoli are stimulated by it. Markee (unpublished), working in the same laboratory in 1935–6, noted that testosterone, injected with estrin (Amniotin Squibb), antagonized the action of the latter in producing a reduction in the size of intraocular endometrial transplants, an effect which progesterone does not bring about. Hartman found that testosterone, like progesterone, prevented th...
Error Management on Modern Flight Decks: How Pilots Explain and Recover from Unintended Actions and Outcomes

Errors are a fundamental aspect of human adaptation in complex systems. Efforts to reduce and/or eliminate errors through training and design have met with only limited success. Therefore, it is critical to invest also in effective support for error management (the detection, explanation, and recovery from errors) to mitigate their negative consequences. To date, most research on error management has focused on the first step in this process – error detection. Instead, this paper presents a subset of results from a recent simulator study that examined the role of error explanation and the nature and effectiveness of error recovery strategies. Process tracing was used to analyze error management activities of pilots on highly automated flight decks. Our findings suggest that incomplete mental models of automation function limit error explanation and often lead to recovery strategies that rely on either “resetting” the system or serendipitous error evasion prior to negative consequences, or reverting to low...
Ratio via Machina: Three Standards of Mechanistic Explanation in Sociology:

Recently, sociologists have expended much effort in attempts to define social mechanisms. We intervene in these debates by proposing that sociologists in fact have a choice to make between three st...
Magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of vena caval tumor thrombi: a comparative study with venacavography and computerized tomography scanning.

AbstractWe assessed the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in demonstrating the presence and extent of vena caval tumor thrombi. The study group included 20 patients with vena caval thrombi from renal cell carcinoma (18), renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma (1) and adrenal pheochromocytoma (1). Preoperative diagnostic studies included magnetic resonance imaging in all patients, inferior venacavography in 16 and computerized tomography scanning in 15. All patients underwent an operation in which the presence and extent of the vena caval thrombus were confirmed. Magnetic resonance imaging accurately delineated the presence and extent of the thrombus in all 20 patients (100%). Venacavography was accurate in 15 patients (94%) but 8 (50%) required a retrograde and antegrade study. Computerized tomography scanning demonstrated the presence of a tumor thrombus in all 15 patients but accurately delineated the cephalad extent of the thrombus in only 5 (33%). In patients with vena caval tumor thrombi magne...
Studies on endorphin function in animals and man

Endorphin activity in tissue extracts can be estimated by bioassay or by radio-immunoassay (RIA). The high sensitivity of radioimmunoassay is essential to meaure the very low concentrations of endorphin in body fluids such as plasma. However, for peptides containing more than five to ten amino acids, there is no a priori reason why the features of the peptide conferring biological reactivity should necessarily also confer immunological reactivity. In the case of β-endorphin, it has already been shown that antisera raised to this peptide also cross-react with peptides with related structure, but without opioid activity (Li et al., 1977). The receptor-binding assay (where displacement of radioactive opiate ligands from opiate receptor binding sites in brain membranes is measured) is far less sensitive than RIA, but is relatively specific for opioid substances. In the following studies on pituitary endorphin, we have routinely used the receptor-binding assay. It is likely that most of the activity measured in the gland extracts results from β-endorphin, but we have clear evidence that in bovine and porcine pituitaries at least one other active opioid peptide is also present. If this material is also present in rat pituitary, it presumably contributes to the measured activity.
Granulocyte Transfusions at Appropriate Doses Improve Survival in Hematological Patients with Febrile Neutropenia

Introduction . The granulocyte transfusions (GTXs) are used to booster antimicrobial drugs in severely neutropenic hematological patients. However, the optimal GTX dose and the actual efficacy of this practice are debated. Methods. We retrospectively evaluated the infection-attributable mortality (IAM, i.e. the mortality at 30 days after the last GTX) in 84 consecutive patients with hematological malignancies receiving GTXs (January 2009- December 2014). The indications for GTXs were i) presence of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) Results. Among 84 patients, 101 infectious episodes requiring GTXs were recorded (422 transfusions in total). Patients characteristics are summarized in Table I. Bacterial infections were documented in 94 episodes (Klebsiella pneumonia in 35 cases, Escherichia coli in 16 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 13), invasive fungal infections (IFI) in 34 cases (including 18 pulmonary aspergillosis and 14 candidemia); 8 cases were considered as FUO. The infection was mono-microbial in 60 cases and poly-microbial in 33. Sepsis occurred in 67 cases. The overall IAM was 26.7 % (27 deaths among 101 infective episodes). At univariate analysis we failed to detect statistical association between IAM and several evaluated variables, either patient-related (age, sex, diagnosis, status of disease, allo-HSCT, aplasia duration) or infection-related (bacterial infection or IFI, sepsis, XDR, G-SCF concurrent administration) or GTX-related (number of GTXs received, PMN /Kg/course, PMN/Kg/day of neutropenia). However, when we grouped patients according to the value of the median dose of PMN per transfusion, we found that patients receiving 1.5 - 3 x 10^8/kg (GTXs A) had a lower IAM than patients receiving less than 1.5 (GTXs B) or more than 3 x 10^8 /kg (GTXs C) (15,7%, 35,3% and 44,4%, for GTXs A, B and C, respectively, p=0,014 at chi-square test). The dose9s cut off were derived from the Guide to the preparation, Use and Quality assurance of Blood Components of the European Committee on Blood Transfusion (16th Edition). If the analysis was carried out by pooling together GTXs B and C, the association between PMN dose and IAM was even more pronounced (p value =0.006 at Fisher test for GTXs A versus GTXs B+C). At Kaplan-Meier analysis, the median survival was 59 days for GTXs A-patients and 30 days for GTXs B+C-patients (p =0,010). When patients with bacterial of fungal infections were separately evaluated, the effect of PMN dose on IAM was confirmed in bacterial (n=54, p=0,008) but not in fungal (n=23, p=0,588) infections. We then introduced the PMN dose (GTXs A or GTXs B+C) in a Cox proportional-hazards regression model together with variables with p Conclusions. These findings suggest that appropriate GTX doses can improve the post-infection survival of severely neutropenic hematological patients. Transfusion-related immunomodulation, leukostasis or transfusion-associated GVHD may underlie the detrimental effect of high PMN doses and deserve to be better explored. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A nine-gene predictor of therapy response in adult Philadelphia-chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL)

7014 Background: Ph+ ALL in adults shows a poor response to therapy and high frequency of relapse. This study utilized a meta-analysis of previous genome-wide gene expression studies to define and validate a nine-gene predictor of outcome in Ph+ ALL patients. Methods: Normalized gene expression data from previously published studies of 672 ALL patients were analyzed to identify genes associated with therapy response. Expression of the selected genes was assessed using Applied Biosystems low density reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) arrays in bone marrow (BM) samples from 27 adult Ph+ ALL patients treated with standard chemotherapy plus a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Therapy responses were defined at the molecular level by monitoring BCR/ABL1 levels, and categorized into 3 groups: optimal, persistent and relapse. Median follow up was 6 months (range 4–15). Median disease-free survival among the optimal and relapse groups were 12 and 5 months respectively (p = 0.002). There was no statistical d...
Preoperative Anemia Independently Predicts 30-Day Complications After Aseptic and Septic Revision Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Preoperative anemia is a common, important risk factor for adverse events after joint arthroplasty surgery. It affects 21%-35% patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. To date, few studies have investigated the effect of preoperative anemia, specifically in revision total joint arthroplasty surgery. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify patients who underwent revision total joint arthroplasty from 2006 to 2014. We matched 6830 patients undergoing aseptic revision (3415 anemic vs 3415 not anemic) and 2650 patients undergoing septic revision (1325 anemic vs 1325 not anemic). In each cohort, patients were propensity score-matched 1:1 by the presence of preoperative anemia. The inpatient hospitalization data, postoperative complications, as well as demographics and comorbidities were compared between patients with or without anemia who underwent revision total joint arthroplasty. Results After adjusting for comorbidities via multivariate regression, anemia was associated with an increased risk of overall complications (aseptic: odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-1.70; P P P = .003; septic: OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.06-1.94; P = .018), mortality (aseptic: OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.09-4.36; P = .028; septic: OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.03-9.74; P = .045), and increased hospital length of stay (aseptic: adjusted coefficient, 1.02 days; 95% CI, 0.73-1.31; P P Conclusion Preoperative anemia is independently associated with postoperative complications, mortality, and increased length of stay in revision total joint arthroplasty. Further studies are needed to evaluate if preoperative treatment of anemia may modify this risk.
Physical fitness as a moderator of neuroticism and depression in adolescent boys and girls

Abstract Introduction Individuals who exhibit high levels of neuroticism are more likely to experience depressive symptomology. Symptoms of depression generally emerge during adolescence, making it a critical time for the establishment of psychological well-being. Improved physical fitness may be associated with lower symptoms of depression. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the moderation effects of physical fitness variables on the relationship between neuroticism and depression during adolescence. Methods Adolescents completed fitness assessments, including evaluations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength and endurance, and body composition. Additionally, participants responded to survey items assessing levels of neuroticism and depression. Separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to determine each fitness variable's moderation effect on the relationship between neuroticism and depression. Results Results of the regression analyses indicated that CRF was a statistically significant moderator among both boys and girls. Post hoc testing indicated that CRF demonstrated a meaningful moderation effect on the neuroticism-depression relationship. Conclusions The findings of this study support the psychological health benefits associated with physical fitness. Specifically, the relationship between neuroticism and depression was weaker among those with higher levels of CRF. Promoting physical fitness may be exceptionally important for adolescents with higher levels of neuroticism.
Dextromethorphan/quinidine pharmacotherapy in patients with treatment resistant depression: A proof of concept clinical trial.

Abstract Background At least one-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have treatment-resistant depression (TRD), defined as lack of response to two or more adequate antidepressant trials. For these patients, novel antidepressant treatments are urgently needed. Methods The current study is a phase IIa open label clinical trial examining the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of dextromethorphan (DM) and the CYP2D6 enzyme inhibitor quinidine (Q) in patients with TRD. Dextromethorphan acts as an antagonist at the glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, in addition to other pharmacodynamics properties that include activity at sigma-1 receptors. Twenty patients with unipolar TRD who completed informed consent and met all eligibility criteria we enrolled in an open-label study of DM/Q up to 45/10 mg by mouth administered every 12 h over the course of a 10-week period, and constitute the intention to treat (ITT) sample. Six patients discontinued prior to study completion. Results There was no treatment-emergent suicidal ideation, psychotomimetic or dissociative symptoms. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score was reduced from baseline to the 10-week primary outcome (mean change: −13.0±11.5, t19=5.0, p Limitations Open-label, proof-of-concept design. Conclusions Herein we report acceptable tolerability and preliminary efficacy of DM/Q up to 45/10 mg administered every 12 h in patients with TRD. Future larger placebo controlled randomized trials in this population are warranted.
Resisting the Opportunity for Change: How Congressional Campaign Insiders Viewed and Used the Web in 2016

This article explores congressional campaigning on the web in 2016. What impact did the unique nature of the 2016 election have on those involved with the creation and maintenance of congressional ...
Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant

(2006). Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 61-62.
Vaso-occlusive Mechanisms that Intiate Hypoxia and Necrosis in Glioblastoma: The Role of Thrombosis and Tissue Factor

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant, rapidly progressive astrocytoma that is distinguished from lower grade tumors by necrosis, severe hypoxia and microvascular hyperplasia. While the development of hypoxia and necrosis are known to be ominous prognostic features, precise mechanisms that underlie their development have not been elucidated. Pathologic observations and experimental evidence now suggest that vaso-occlusion and intravascular thrombosis may initiate or propagate hypoxia and necrosis. This emerging model suggests that thrombosis arises within the vasculature of high grade gliomas secondary to the overexpression of the highly pro-thrombotic protein tissue factor. This protein is dramatically upregulated in response to EGFR activation, PTEN loss and hypoxia, which occur at the transition from grade III to grade IV astrocytoma. A pro-thrombotic enviroment also activates the family of protease-activated receptors (PARs) on tumor cells, which are G-protein coupled and enhance invasive and pro-angiogenic properties. Vaso-occlusive and pro-thrombotic mechanisms in GBM could readily explain the rapid peripheral expansion seen on neuroimaging and the dramatic shift to an acceleration in clinical progression due to hypoxia-induced angiogenesis.
The Role of Cardiac Nuclear Imaging in Heart Failure

The incidence of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) is increasing in the U.S. and now constitutes over five million Americans [1]. Despite advances in treatment strategies, outcomes in patients with CHF are poor, especially in patients with left ventricular function less than 35% (normal 55–75%) [2]. Treatment plans for patients with heart failure are initially based upon whether the heart failure is due to ischemia (ischemic cardiomyopathy) or other causes (non-ischemic cardiomyopathy). This chapter will present the role of nuclear imaging in the evaluation and management of heart failure patients with regards to:
Harmonic Functions and the Reflection Principle

In Section 1 we introduce the Poisson kernel function and we develop the Poisson integral representation for harmonic functions on the open unit disk. The Poisson kernel is the analogue for harmonic functions of the Cauchy kernel for analytic functions, and the Poisson integral formula solves the Dirichlet problem for the unit disk. In Section 2 we use this solution to characterize harmonic functions by the mean value property. This characterization is the analogue of Morera’s theorem characterizing analytic functions. In Section 3 we apply the characterization of harmonic functions to establish the Schwarz reflection principle for harmonic functions. The reflection principle plays a key role in the study of boundary behavior of conformal maps.
MAC Scheduling for Multiuser Wireless Virtual Reality in 5G MIMO-OFDM Systems

Wireless Virtual Reality (VR) is a new-arising technology to enable the untethered connection between VR server and VR client, which needs to support simultaneously ultra-high data rate and ultra-high transfer reliability for video streaming, and also ultra-high responsive speed for motion-to-photon latency. Such three ultra-high (3UH) requirements constitute the basic characteristics of the generalized tactile internet. This paper proposes a multiuser MAC scheduling scheme for VR service in 5G MIMO-OFDM system, which can maximize the number of simultaneous VR clients while guaranteeing their 3UH quality-of-experience (QoE). Specifically, this scheme is composed of three novel functions, including video frame differentiation and delay-based weight calculation, spatial-frequency user selection based on maximum aggregate delay-capacity utility (ADCU), and link adaptation with dynamic block-error-rate (BLER) target. In addition, a low-complexity downlink MIMO user selection algorithm is developed, which can reduce the calculation amount with one order. It is demonstrated by the simulation results that the proposed scheme increases 31.6% for the maximum number of simultaneously served VR users than the traditional scheme with maximum-sum-capacity based scheduling and fixed BLER target based link adaptation.
Immunoglobulin Classes and Complement-Fixing Activity

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the immunoglobulin classes, and complement-fixing activity. Explanation of the mechanism of complement fixation through the conventional pathway has been based on the observation that the first component of complement exists in serum in a precursor form. It was found that of the five classes of immunoglobulins, only antibodies belonging to IgG, and IgM classes were found to fix complement through the conventional pathway. The concentration of antigen on the cell surface also has a decisive effect on the generation of C1 fixing sites by IgG. In general, IgM antibodies fix C1 better at 37°C than at lower temperatures, and this effect is usually not seen because in most complement fixation tests a 32°–37°C incubation period is inevitable due to the mechanism of the reaction. Cold agglutinin IgM antibodies in combination with cell surface antigens fix C1 very efficiently at 0°C–4°C. It is found that little or no activation of C1, however, occurs at this temperature.
La Educación a Distancia en Venezuela

A Educacao a Distância na Venezuela tem evoluido nos ultimos anos. Avancos tecnologicos tem sido adotados, tem crescido o numero de programas oferecidos, e tem aumentado o numero de instituicoes que oferecem educacao superior a distância. Na Venezuela, algumas universidades propagam que estao oferecendo programas a distância. Mas a realidade e bem diferente do que se afirma em entrevistas e paginas na WEB. Somente tres universidades sao reconhecidas como universidades que oferecem programas de educacao superior a distância, as quais parecem ser opcoes verdadeiras e validas em educacao superior. O presente artigo examina a aceitacao do conceito de educacao superior a distância, a credibilidade das instituicoes, como operam, os programas que oferecem, os recursos legais e financeiros.
Control Lyapunov-Barrier Function-Based Economic Model Predictive Control of Nonlinear Systems

Abstract This work focuses on the design of a new class of economic model predictive control (EMPC) systems for nonlinear process systems that address simultaneously the tasks of economic optimality, safety and closed-loop stability. This is accomplished by incorporating in the EMPC an economics-based cost function and Control Lyapunov-Barrier Function (CLBF)-based constraints that ensure that the closed-loop state does not enter unsafe sets and remains within a well-characterized set in the system state-space. The new class of CLBF-EMPC systems is demonstrated using a nonlinear chemical process example.
Correlations of permanent strain and damping coefficients with resilient modulus for coarse-grained subgrade soils

ABSTRACTIn addition to the resilient modulus (MR), the permanent deformation and damping characteristic of subgrade soils also need to be studied to properly understand the subgrade soil behaviour ...
Computational Analysis of Interactions of the Oral Microbiota

The human oral microbiome is a complex site containing many hundreds of species with the community response of these species having a large effect on human health. The complexity of this site speaks to the need for applying -omics techniques to better understand which microbial species are present, their interactions and contribution to the microbiome, and how this may change as a function of disease. Here, I review several recent studies that use computational analysis to examine and model the oral microbiome and determine its role in human health. Several studies have emerged in the past few years that use several -omics approaches to look specifically at points of interaction between microbiomes of the oral cavity and between these microbiomes and the human host. New techniques in sequencing have revealed a more detailed picture of who is present and their interactions. Network studies that attempt to link hundreds of species, transcripts, or proteins are also beginning to be inferred though their use, aside from species co-abundance networks, are still in the early stages. The ability to collect -omics data of the oral microbiome has been well established. The future of this field will likely focus on the integration and use of this data to build models that reveal hundreds of interactions between species at the individual gene or protein level. A better understanding of these interactions, and how they contribute to disease states, will allow for better control and manipulation of the oral microbiome to improve human health.
On the Boundary Controllability of Coupled 1-d Wave Equations

Abstract This paper focuses on the exact controllability of a system of N one-dimensional coupled wave equations where the control is applied on a part of the boundary by a single control. In particular, we consider a coupling matrix A with a single eigenvalue of algebraic multiplicity N. We give a Kalman condition (necessary and sufficient) and give a description of the attainable set. In general, this set is not optimal, but can be refined under certain conditions.
Understanding the determinants of digital distraction: An automatic thinking behavior perspective

Abstract Digital distraction is a prevalent technology-use behavior that has received increasing public attention in the recent years. This study draws on the theory of automatic thinking behaviors to identify factors that influence individuals' digital distraction intensity. The results of a survey involving 426 U.S. university students reveal that attentional impulsiveness, Internet addiction, and habitual technology use influence the intensity of digital distraction positively. Also, individuals’ impulsive personality traits and habit are shown to positively influence Internet addiction levels. These findings not only provide a theoretical explanation of the digital distraction phenomenon from the perspective of automatic thinking behaviors but also offer valuable insights for combatting digital distraction.
Pediatric Drowning: The Cold Water Blues

There has been a national campaign in part through the CDC and American Academy of Pediatrics to increase awareness of pediatric drowning. Much has been publicized on drowning prevention strategies such as increased supervision, CPR teaching to parents, installing pool fences, and wearing life jackets around lakes or the ocean even for experienced swimmers.
8 – Psychophysiological Assessment

Publisher Summary This chapter reveals that psychophysiological assessment provides researchers and clinicians important clues about cognitive and emotional functioning that are not easily observed with the naked eye. Through the careful selection of response parameters and application of recording apparatuses, these tiny physiological responses can be detected and used in order to explore underlying physiological pathologies of psychological disorders as well as effective strategies for monitoring treatment progress and outcome. Certain psychophysiological measures have become useful markers for psychopathology, such as smooth-pursuit eye movement dysfunctions among persons at risk for developing schizophrenia.