cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Plan to Improve Learning of Requirements Elicitation in an IS Curriculum

In this paper, we present our plan to integrate requirements elicitation concepts and learning assessments into an Information System curriculum. Both contemporary research and practitioners have noted deficiencies in the abilities of entry-level IT consultants to effectively evaluate new information system needs in business environments. Thus, the ability to professionally and effectively elicit new IS requirements adds significant value to students seeking an IS degree.
Diversionary displays of paternal stickleback

In Crystal Lake, British Columbia, male threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) perform a diversionary display that deters cannibalistic conspecifics from entering their territories and destroying their nests or consuming offspring. In this population, the display consists of males swimming directly out of their territories and rooting aggressively in the substratum, mimicking stickleback feeding on nests of others, or digging for nesting materials. The display is elicited solely by conspecifics, and usually by benthic foraging groups of 2–300 individuals. It usually is elicited when groups are approaching the territory directly. Otherwise the male typically joins the group or remains still in his territory until the group leaves. This observation suggests that males are capable of discriminating conditions under which the display is most likely to be successful. The display is absent in a population in Garden Bay Lake, British Columbia, in which benthic foraging groups are absent. In Crystal Lake the males themselves do not risk predation by the groups, and the tendency of males to perform the display does not change with reproductive condition. Comparison with diversionary displays performed in two additional allopatric populations suggests that diversionary displays in this species incorporate elements of other behavioral sequences “displaced” to the display, and that variation in the structure of the display exists among populations.
Estimating the Parameter of a Selected Population

Suppose independent samples from k populations with unknown parameters are taken and one of the populations is selected based on tho data and a prespecified rule. The problem is to estimate the parameter of the selected population. The estimand, G, is a random quantity which depends on both the data and the unknown parameters. While standard estimation methods are inadequate for estimating G, they can be used to estimate the expected value of G. It is shown that the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator of E(G) is also the uniformly minimum mean squared error unbiased estimator of G, if the selection rule depends on the data only through a complete sufficient statistic. An approach based on conditional unbiasedness is also discussed.
Outcome of mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a long-term follow-up study.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to characterize the prognosis of minimally symptomatic patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Background Recent data have suggested that obstruction may be present in the majority of HCM patients, irrespective of cardiac symptoms. The prognosis of minimally symptomatic obstructive HCM remains poorly defined. Methods We examined 544 consecutive adult patients (age 59 ± 16 years; 55% men) with obstructive HCM documented by Doppler echocardiography who were free of severe cardiac symptoms, and we performed clinical follow-up (median 9.3 years). Results There was only a slight excess mortality of the cohort in comparison to the expected survival of a similar U.S. general population (10-year observed vs. expected survival, 69.3% vs. 71.9%; p = 0.04) and 46% of the deaths were attributable to noncardiac causes. However, there was a clear relation between increasing severity of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient and outcome. For patients with high resting gradients (Doppler peak velocity >4 m/s), survival was significantly impaired (53% at 10 years; p = 0.001 vs. expected), and death or severe symptoms occurred in 68% of these patients within 10 years after the initial evaluation. Conversely, there was no impairment of long-term survival for patients with less-severe resting obstruction. Independent predictors of mortality in the entire cohort were age, prior stroke, and LVOT gradient severity. Conclusions Patients with obstructive HCM and mild or no symptoms have only slight excess mortality. However, patients with markedly elevated resting LVOT gradients are at a high risk of heart failure and death. These findings may have important implications for therapy, including the timing of septal reduction therapy.
Downstaging in pancreatic cancer: A matched analysis of patients resected following systemic treatment of initially locally unresectable disease.

Background Patients with locally unresectable pancreatic cancer (AJCC stage III) have a median survival of 10–14 months. The objective of this study was to evaluate outcome of initially unresectable patients who respond to multimodality therapy and undergo resection.
Charting the routes to commercialization: The absorption and transfer of energy conservation technologies

This study examines how innovations in Energy Conservation Technologies (ECT's) developed through public sponsorship become commercialized. In the typical ECT project, public support is used as a catalyst bringing public and private organizations together to perform the work. The variety of routes to commercialization this creates can be analysed using two concepts: absorption and transfer. Absorption is adoption of an ECT by an organization participating in the project. Transfer is adoption by non–participants. Two cases sponsored by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (the Energy Authority) are analysed. In the first case commercialization is limited to the absorption process. In the second case both absorption and transfer are used in commercialization.
Is the poleward migration of tropical cyclone maximum intensity associated with a poleward migration of tropical cyclone genesis

A recent study showed that the global average latitude where tropical cyclones achieve their lifetime-maximum intensity has been migrating poleward at a rate of about one-half degree of latitude per decade over the last 30 years in each hemisphere. However, it does not answer a critical question: is the poleward migration of tropical cyclone lifetime-maximum intensity associated with a poleward migration of tropical cyclone genesis? In this study we will examine this question. First we analyze changes in the environmental variables associated with tropical cyclone genesis, namely entropy deficit, potential intensity, vertical wind shear, vorticity, skin temperature and specific humidity at 500 hPa in reanalysis datasets between 1980 and 2013. Then, a selection of these variables is combined into two tropical cyclone genesis indices that empirically relate tropical cyclone genesis to large-scale variables. We find a shift toward greater (smaller) average potential number of genesis at higher (lower) latitudes over most regions of the Pacific Ocean, which is consistent with a migration of tropical cyclone genesis towards higher latitudes. We then examine the global best track archive and find coherent and significant poleward shifts in mean genesis position over the Pacific Ocean basins.
Zika in Twitter: Temporal Variations of Locations, Actors, and Concepts

Background: The recent Zika outbreak witnessed the disease evolving from a regional health concern to a global epidemic. During this process, different communities across the globe became involved in Twitter, discussing the disease and key issues associated with it. This paper presents a study of this discussion in Twitter, at the nexus of location, actors, and concepts. Objective: Our objective in this study was to demonstrate the significance of 3 types of events: location related, actor related, and concept related, for understanding how a public health emergency of international concern plays out in social media, and Twitter in particular. Accordingly, the study contributes to research efforts toward gaining insights on the mechanisms that drive participation, contributions, and interaction in this social media platform during a disease outbreak. Methods: We collected 6,249,626 tweets referring to the Zika outbreak over a period of 12 weeks early in the outbreak (December 2015 through March 2016). We analyzed this data corpus in terms of its geographical footprint, the actors participating in the discourse, and emerging concepts associated with the issue. Data were visualized and evaluated with spatiotemporal and network analysis tools to capture the evolution of interest on the topic and to reveal connections between locations, actors, and concepts in the form of interaction networks. Results: The spatiotemporal analysis of Twitter contributions reflects the spread of interest in Zika from its original hotspot in South America to North America and then across the globe. The Centers for Disease Control and World Health Organization had a prominent presence in social media discussions. Tweets about pregnancy and abortion increased as more information about this emerging infectious disease was presented to the public and public figures became involved in this. Conclusions: The results of this study show the utility of analyzing temporal variations in the analytic triad of locations, actors, and concepts. This contributes to advancing our understanding of social media discourse during a public health emergency of international concern. [JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017;3(2):e22]
Driving after brain injury: Does dual-task modality matter?

BACKGROUND Virtual reality technology allows neuropsychologists to examine complex, real-world behaviors with high ecological validity and can provide an understanding of the impact of demanding dual-tasks on driving performance. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that a task imposing high cognitive and physical demands (coin-sorting) would result in the greatest reduction in driving maintenance performance. METHODS Twenty participants with acquired brain injury and 28 healthy controls were included in the current study. All participants were licensed and drove regularly. Participants completed two standardized VRDS drives: (1) a baseline drive with no distractions, and (2) the same route with three, counterbalanced dual-tasks representing differing demands. RESULTS A series of 3 (Task)×2 (Group) ANOVAs revealed that the ABI group tended to go slower than the HC group in the presence of a dual-task, F (1, 111) = 6.24, p = 0.01. Importantly, the ABI group also showed greater variability in speed, F (1, 110) = 10.97, p < 0.01, and lane position, F (1, 108) = 7.81, p < 0.01, an effect driven by dual-tasks with both a cognitive and motor demand. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that long-term driving difficulties following ABI are subtle and likely due to reduced cognitive resources.
Behavioral Ecology and Zooarchaeology

Chapter 24 offers an overview of the history and basic premises of human behavioral ecology (HBE ), which as been especially widely used by zooarchaeologists studying foragers in the United States. It begins with a history of HBE as it emerged from zoology and through simple examples outlines classic rate maximization models of prey choice and foraging patch choice. Given that many zooarchaeological studies have used them, central place models (CPM ) are detailed, as are the complexities of resource depression, again given the many zooarchaeological studies investigating this phenomenon with archaeofaunal data. Used in zoology for several decades, dynamic state variable models (DSVM) of foraging diverge from “static” rate-maximization models in incorporating the forager’s state before foraging, using multiple currencies (e.g. calories and fat), and including more fitness-shaping factors such as risk of death in a patch in the model, while using iterative simulations to stochastically vary patch conditions in which the forager makes decisions. Actualistic and archaeological studies using DSVM and other dynamic models suggest that income variance reduction, rather than rate maximization, is the predicted “solution” for optimal fitness. The role of proxies and their sensitivities to factors other than those of the model are explored, with the specific example of the Artiodactyl Index. The most interesting aspect of HBE’s application in zooarchaeology lies its ability to systematically expose cases in which people do not behave like “optimal foragers” but instead opt – or perhaps are forced – to forage in some other way, as examples show. The difference between using HBE predictive models as tools for inquiry with a dataset versus as explanations of the data is discussed.
Communication of Stresses by Chains of Grains in High-Speed Particulate Media Impacts

Right-circular (φ 15 mm x 26 mm) projectiles were fired vertically-downward (150-720 m/s) into acrylic containers (φ 80-190 mm) containing quartz Eglin sand. Decreasing container size increased projectile drag and decreased total penetration depth. Thus, the container is within the projectile’s event horizon for at least a portion of penetration path length and some mechanism(s) exists for communication between projectile and container. The particulate media fractured near the projectile nose and created a rigid, conical false nose on the front face of the projectile, but the fractured media domain does not extend beyond 1.5 projectile diameters of the shot line. Jammed grains (i.e. mechanically-compacted, but not fractured) can be found adjacent to the fractured media; surrounded by nominally initial-density grains. It is theorized that the projectile communicates with the container via stress chains in the un-fractured grains which span the distance between the projectile/crushed media and container wall. The stress chain event horizon may be limited by either mechanical decay of forces along the chains or limited stress wave speeds in the particulate media. This paper focuses upon the mechanical force decay limits. Multiple analytical models are presented to illustrate how stress chain curvature and friction can limit the maximum stress chain length and thereby the ability of projectiles to communicate through the particulate media with the container wall.
An Ethnography of a Vodu Shrine in Southern Togo: Of Spirit, Slave and Sea, by Eric J. Montgomery and Christian N. Vannier, Leiden, Brill, 2017, ix+306 pp., US$141.00 (hardback), ISBN 978 9 0043 4108 1

Vodu means ‘spirit’ in the Ewe language (Ellis 1890). It has been spelled variously in English (Vodon, Vodoun, Vodou, Voudou, Voodoo, etc.). The religion is widespread in southern and central Togo ...
Impact of Alignment Point Distance and Posture on SPAAM Calibration of Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays

The use of Optical See-Through (OST) technology for presenting Augmented Reality (AR) experiences is becoming more common. However, OST-AR displays require a calibration procedure, in order to determine the location of the users eyes. Currently, the predominantly cited manual calibration technique is the Single Point Active Alignment Method (SPAAM). However, with the SPAAM technique, there remains uncertainty about the causes of poor calibration results. This paper reports an experiment which examined the influence of two factors on SPAAM accuracy and precision: alignment point distribution, and user posture. Alignment point distribution is examined at user-centered reaching distances, 0.15 to 0.3 meters, as well as environment-centered room-scale distances, 0.5 to 2.0 meters. User posture likely contributes to misalignment error, and is examined at the levels of sitting and standing. In addition, a control condition replaces the user with a rigidly-mounted camera, and mounts the OST display on a precisely-adjustable tripod. The experiment finds that user-centric distributions are more accurate than environment-centric distributions, and, somewhat surprisingly, that the users posture has no effect. The control condition replicates these findings. The implication is that alignment point distribution is the predominant mode for induction of calibration error for SPAAM calibration procedures.
Freestanding thick films of YBa2Cu3O6.9 by screenprinting techniques

Thick (20–300 μm) freestanding polycrystalline films of ceramic YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.9 have been obtained by resintering YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.9 powder in air after screen printing onto fused silica substrates. An interfacial reaction occurs between the powder and the silica substrate which efficiently detaches the resintered film upon cooling. The magnetization and transport properties of these films are comparable to those for high quality bulk ceramic samples.
Multidisciplinary Risk-Adaptive Set-Based Design of Supercavitating Hydrofoils

This paper presents a multidisciplinary framework for a design under uncertainty that leverages surrogate models trained using risk-adaptive statistical learning. The hydrodynamic and structural fe...
Species Richness and Seasonality of Bat Occupancy on Northwestern National Wildlife Refuges

Abstract Bats are critical to ecosystem integrity but are being threatened by a variety of disease and anthropogenic stressors. Further, information is generally lacking on basic parameters necessa...
Differential equation for partition functions and a duality pseudo-forest

We consider finite quantum systems defined by a mixed set of commutation and anti-commutation relations between components of the Hamiltonian operator. These relations are represented by an anti-commutativity graph which contains a necessary and sufficient information for computing the full quantum partition function. We derive a second-order differential equation for an extended partition function $z[\beta, \beta', J]$ which describes a transformation from a "parent" partition function $z[0, \beta', J]$ (or anti-commutativity graph) to a "child" partition function $z[\beta, 0, J]$ (or anti-commutativity graph). The procedure can be iterated and then one forms a pseudo-forest of duality transformations between quantum systems, i.e. a directed graph in which every vertex (or quantum system) has at most one incoming edge (from its parent system). The pseudo-forest has a single tree connected to a constant partition function, many pseudo-trees connected to self-dual systems and all other pseudo-trees connected to closed cycles of transformations between mutually dual systems. We also show how the differential equation for the extended partition function can be used to study disordered systems such as the SYK model.
Association of preconception paternal health on perinatal outcomes: analysis of U.S. claims data.

Objective To assess whether paternal health is associated with maternal peripartum and neonatal outcomes. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting University research departments. Patient(s) Analytic sample of children born to paired fathers and mothers covering live births within the United States between 2009–2016. Intervention(s) Paternal health status (e.g., metabolic syndrome diagnoses, individual chronic disease diagnoses). Main Outcome Measure(s) Primary outcome of preterm birth (i.e., live birth before 37 weeks), and secondary outcomes of low birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and length of maternal stay. Result(s) The IBM Marketscan Research database covers reimbursed health care claims data on inpatient and outpatient encounters who are privately insured through employment-sponsored health insurance. We assessed 785,809 singleton live births, with 6.6% born preterm. The presence of paternal comorbidities was associated with higher odds of preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), and NICU stay. After adjusting for maternal factors, fathers with most or all components of the metabolic syndrome had 19% higher odds of having a child born preterm (95% CI 1.11–1.28), 23% higher odds of LBW (95% CI 1.01–1.51), and 28% higher odds of NICU stay (95% CI 1.08–1.52). Maternal morbidity (e.g., gestational diabetes or preeclampsia) was also positively associated with preconception paternal health. Conclusion(s) Increased preconception paternal comorbidity may be associated with negative infant and maternal outcomes. Although the paternal effect remains modest, these findings highlight the importance of the health of both parents, particularly the mother, on healthy pregnancy.
Chapter 21 – Implementation Using FPGAs

Publisher Summary It is revealed in the chapter that the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) can be used to perform DSP. The chapter also explores that from their origins as custom logic and interface functions, FPGAs have grown to include nearly every function that can be implemented digitally. FPGAs are able to interface to nearly any other circuit at nearly any data rate desired, which is also dealt in the chapter. PGAs are frequently used to interface to ADCs and DACs, and also backplanes. The FPGA fabric is composed of configurable logic elements and programmable routing—which permit any digital function to be built—including multipliers, adders, accumulators, shifters, registers, and any other functions that might be found in a DSP processor. FPGA devices can be very small and powerful than DSP processor. High-end FPGA could perform in excess of 1000 GMACs per second.
If Greta read GAIA

[...]as scientists and citizens, we need to ask ourselves: what should researchers, including those publishing in GAIA, offer if they want to help turn her "door-opening" into a lasting shift towards the transition humanity needs? [...]if Greta and her generation read GAIA, what articles would you submit? GAIA 29/2:79-82, in this issue. 3 For instance, in the 2019 special issue on Sustainable Economy: Perspectives of Change I could not find any reference to the speed and scale of change that is needed for maintaining the biosphere healthy and hospitable, let alone in ways that advance more dignity and wellbeing for all. 4 Global Footprint Network. 2019 edition of the National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts. data.footprintnetwork.org (accessed June 23, 2020).
Fostering Neuroethics Integration: Disciplines, Methods, and Frameworks

We are excited to comment on the papers from this special issue on the BRAIN 2.0 Neuroethics roadmap. Based on our own experience as NIH Neuroethics grantees (RF1MH117802), there are two papers we ...
Bilinear state systems on an unbounded time scale

Abstract We demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a bilinear state system with locally essentially bounded coefficients on an unbounded time scale. We obtain a Volterra series representation for these solutions which is norm convergent and uniformly convergent on compact subsets of the time scale. We show the associated state transition matrix has a similarly convergent Peano-Baker series representation and identify a necessary and sufficient condition for its invertibility. Finally, we offer numerical applications for dynamic bilinear systems – a frequency modulated signal model and a two-compartment cancer chemotherapy model.
Are Emergency Medicine Residents Provided Adequate Training in Patient-Centered Communication?: A Resident Survey.

# CONTEXT Emergency Medicine residents frequently face challenging communication situations. Little is known regarding resident comfort level and amount of training received in managing these types of patient care scenarios. The purpose of this study was to measure the relationships between Emergency Medicine resident comfort levels, reported amount of patient-centered communication training received and correlation between amount of GME training and comfort levels when handling difficult situations in emergency departments. # METHODS In 2016, the authors used the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD) listserv to disseminate an online survey to Emergency Medicine residents. Survey content came from the Patient Centered Communication subsection of The American Board of Emergency Medicine Milestones. This survey included five different patient scenarios. # RESULTS There were a total of 306 completed surveys. Residents rated their comfort level as most comfortable in scenarios regarding exhibiting empathy and least comfortable when providing bad news to patients or dealing with drug-seeking patients and difficult family members. Training was most prevalent in the areas of exhibiting empathy and giving bad news and lowest in managing drug-seeking patients and difficult patients. # CONCLUSIONS This survey revealed that Emergency Medicine residents do not consider themselves generally comfortable in multiple communication scenarios and that the amount of training received in these areas is often lacking during residency. A statistically significant positive correlation existed between comfort level and amount of graduate medical training in most areas. Results suggest that increasing the amount of communication training during residency may be of benefit in influencing how comfortably residents handle difficult patient scenarios.
Enhanced motion during gradual changes in luminance polarity

A pattern that gradually reverses its polarity as it moves can appear to move farther and faster than it really does. I shall call this new effect ‘enhanced motion’, since it accentuates the amplitude and briskness of motion as opposed to reverse phi, in which polarity changes reverse the perceived direction of a moving object.
The SHARE study: Pilot study of a communication intervention designed to elicit advanced-stage cancer patients’ preferences and goals.

e24120Background: Helping seriously-ill cancer patients identify and communicate their preferences for care can increase satisfaction, decrease anxiety and depression, and result in less intensive,...
A Potpourri of Stability Results

Let Λ be a closed invariant hyperbolic set for f ∈ Diff r (M) which has a local product structure.
Conantokin-G: a novel peptide antagonist to the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor.

Abstract Conantokin-G is a 17 amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the fish-eating snail Conus geographus which produces hyperactivity when injected into the brains of adult mice. We show that this peptide is a selective N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) antagonist based on its ability to block NMDA-induced elevation of cGMP in rat cerebellar slices in vitro (IC50 = 171 nM), but not kainic acid-induced elevations. This inhibition could not be overcome by increasing the NMDA concentration, indicating non-competitive inhibition. Conantokin-G displayed no affinity for binding sites for thienylcyclohexylpiperidine, various glutamate subclasses or those for several other neurotransmitters/neuromodulators. This peptide, however, enhanced [3H]glycine binding to rat forebrain membranes but not to spinal cord membranes. The activity profile of the peptide in various assays indicates that it is a novel type of non-competitive NMDA antagonist.
Visual Planning: A Practical Approach to Automated Presentation Design

Based on a set of design principles, automated visual presentation systems promise to simplify an application programmer's design tasks by automatically constructing appropriate visual explanations for different information. However, these automated presentation systems must be equipped with a powerful inference approach to suit practical applications. Here, we present a planning-based, practical inference approach that can design a series of connected visual presentations in interactive environments. Our emphasis here is on a set of important visual planning features and how they facilitate visual design. This set of features includes a knowledge-rich representation of visual planning variables and constraints, a novel object-decomposition model that can be used with action decomposition to simplify the visual synthesis process, and practical temporal and spatial reasoning capabilities to facilitate coherent visual design and presentation. In addition, we have implemented our visual planning approach in a visual planner called PREVISE, as part of our automated presentation testbed system. A set of examples is also given to illustrate the necessity and utility of our visual planning approach.
Practical Guidelines for Learning Object Granularity from One Higher Education Setting

In considering the granularity of learning objects, one might be reminded of the cliche of the student who approaches her professor with the question, "How long does my paper have to be?" and the professor's response of, "Long enough to cover the topic and short enough to be concise." While learning object granularity has implications for both reusability and the development, specific decisions related to granularity are governed by the organizational context in which the learning objects are developed. It is a widespread hope that learning objects created in one organizational context will be routinely incorporated into different contexts. At present, it is the immediate organizational context of a learning object initiative that holds the most promise for addressing specific granularity issues such as the proportion of content relative to practice and assessment, the specific size limits of content, practice, and assessment, and heuristics for comparing time length of text with time length of various other media types (e.g., video, audio, and interactive media) in the implementation of content, practice, and assessment sections.
Querying faceted databases

Faceted classification allows one to model applications with complex classification hierarchies using orthogonal dimensions. Recent work has examined the use of faceted classification for browsing and search. In this paper, we go further by developing a general query language, called the entity algebra, for hierarchically classified data. The entity algebra is compositional, with query inputs and outputs being sets of entities. Our language has linear data complexity in terms of space and quadratic data complexity in terms of time. We compare the expressive power of the entity algebra with relational algebra. We also describe an end-to-end query system based on the language in the context of an archeological database.
Chinese Storytellers: Life and Art in the Yangzhou Tradition

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Vibeke Bordahl and mp; Jette Ross Year: 2002 Pages: iv + 404 Publisher: Cheng and Tsui Company Prices: $49.95
Homines in extremis: o que pesquisadores-lutadores nos ensinam sobre o habitus

Utilizo aqui a coletânea de etnografias carnais das artes marciais e esportes de combate, organizada por Raul Sanchez e Dale Spencer sob o titulo Fighting Scholars (2013) , para chamar atencao para a fecundidade do uso do conceito de habitus como objeto empirico ( explanandum ) e como metodo de investigacao ( modus cognitionis ). O estudo encarnado da incorporacao da suporte a cinco proposicoes que esclarecem equivocos persistentes sobre o habitus e fortalecem a teoria disposicional da acao de Pierre Bourdieu: (1) longe de ser uma “caixa-preta”, o habitus e completamente aberto a investigacao empirica; (2) a distincao entre habitus primario (generico) e secundario (especifico) nos permite capturar a maleabilidade das disposicoes; (3) o habitus e composto de elementos cognitivos, conativos e afetivos: categorias, habilidades e desejos; (4) o habitus nos permite transformar a carnalidade como problema em recurso para a producao do conhecimento sociologico, e (5) dessa maneira, perceber que todos os agentes sociais sao, assim como os lutadores, seres sofredores, coletivamente engajados em atividades encarnadas encenadas em circulos de compromissos compartilhados. Palavras-chave: Habitus. Bourdieu. Corpo. Artes marciais. Sociologia carnal. HOMINES IN EXTREMIS: The Lessons of Fighting Scholars. Abstract I use the collection of “carnal ethnographies” of martial arts and combat sports assembled by Raul Sanchez and Dale Spencer under the title Fighting Scholars to spotlight the fruitfulness of deploying habitus as both empirical object ( explanandum ) and method of inquiry ( modus cognitionis ). The incarnate study of incarnation supports five propositions that clear up tenacious misconceptions about habitus and bolster Bourdieu’s dispositional theory of action: (1) far from being a “black box,” habitus is fully amenable to empirical inquiry; (2) the distinction between primary (generic) and secondary (specific) habitus enables us to capture the malleability of dispositions; (3) habitus is composed of cognitive, conative and affective elements: categories, skills, and desires; (4) habitus allows us to turn carnality from problem to resource for the production of sociological knowledge, and (5) thus to realize that all social agents are, like martial artists, suffering beings collectively engaged in embodied activities staged inside circles of shared commitments. Keywords Habitus. Bourdieu. Body. Martial arts. Carnal sociology
Non-Management Director Options, Board Characteristics, and Future Firm Investments and Performance

This paper examines if non-management director pay packages are set in ways consistent with the optimal contracting theory. Under this theory, directors issue stock option grants as a means for providing non-management directors incentives to monitor adequately the risk-taking and investment opportunities that managers of the firm undertake. Our results are consistent with this theory. Using a sample of over 5,200 observations between 1997 and 2002, we find that (1) agency costs differ substantially across our sample, (2) boards systematically set their compensation contracts to address these agency costs, and (3) significantly positive links exist between the ratio of current stock option grants-to-total compensation and seven future investment, risk and firm performance variables. The investment variables are next period's change in research and development expenditures and change in capital expenditures. The risk variable is next year's stock return volatility. The firm performance variables are next period's Tobin's Q ratio, return on assets (ROA), a market return on current investments, and this period's stock return. Our results are incremental to board characteristics, CEO stock option grants, and economic, firm-specific, yearly, and industry control factors.
Management of dizziness in primary care.

Background We sought to determine the types of dizziness problems that are commonly seen in primary care practices, and to bring to light clinical and demographic factors that predict management decisions. Methods We undertook a prospective cohort study with a 6-month follow-up using data gathered in nine primary care practices in two North Carolina counties. Subjects were 144 dizziness patients examined by primary care physicians. Data collected included demographic characteristics, a standardized dizziness history, physician estimation of symptom severity and diagnostic certainty, and physician "worry" about arrhythmia, transient ischemic attack, and brain tumor. Physicians reported their management decisions and diagnosis (or differential diagnosis) by responding to a questionnaire after completing the patient encounter. A 6-month follow-up chart review and physician interview were completed on 140 patients (97.2 percent); information obtained included changes in diagnosis and patient mortality. Results The most common diagnoses were labyrinthitis, otitis media, benign positional vertigo, unspecified presyncope, sinusitis, and transient ischemic attack. The initial diagnosis changed during the 6-month follow-up period in 34 (24.3 percent) of patients. The overall course of these patients was benign, however, with only one death occurring during the 6-month follow-up period. Patients' dizziness tended to be managed using a combination of strategies, including office laboratory testing (33.6 percent), advanced testing (11.4 percent), referral to a specialist (9.3 percent), medication (61.3 percent), observation (71.8 percent), reassurance (41.6 percent), and behavioral recommendations (15.0 percent). Office laboratory testing was associated with younger patient age, a suspected metabolic or endocrine disorder, and physician worry about a cardiac arrhythmia; advanced laboratory testing was associated with suspected cardiovascular or neurologic disorders. Medication tended to be prescribed for vertigo and severe symptoms and avoided when physicians were worried about a cardiac arrhythmia. Referral to a specialist was associated with suspected neurologic disease. Observation, behavior change, and reassurance were avoided in patients with poorly defined dizziness and tended to be used in older patients. The management approaches employed by the 4 physicians who referred the most subjects to the study varied considerably. Conclusions Dizziness in primary care represents an extremely broad spectrum of diagnoses. The generally conservative management approach of primary care physicians in this study is consistent with basic clinical and epidemiologic principles, and patient mortality with this approach is low.
"Subclinoid" carotid aneurysm with erosion of the anterior clinoid process and fatal intraoperative rupture.

We present the case of a patient with an aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The aneurysm had resulted in erosion of the anterior clinoid process, but this was not recognized preoperatively. Intraoperative rupture during drilling of the clinoid necessitated vigorous packing that led to unintended carotid occlusion with subsequent fatal cerebral infarction. Preoperative recognition of the clinoid erosion may have prevented this catastrophe. To call attention to the potential for intraoperative rupture during exposure, we suggest the term subclinoid aneurysm to refer to aneurysms of the internal carotid artery that grow superolaterally and remain confined under the anterior clinoid process.
Influence of Manganese Content on the Performance of LiNi0.9−yMnyCo0.1O2 (0.45 ≤ y ≤ 0.60) as a Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries†

The layered oxide cathode material LiMO2, where M = Ni0.9−yMnyCo0.1 and 0.45 ≤ y ≤ 0.60, was synthesized by a coprecipitation method. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the maximum manganese content in the stoichiometric material, i.e. with Li:M = 1, cannot exceed 50%; otherwise, a second phase is formed. Rietveld refinement reveals that increasing manganese content suppresses the disorder between the lithium and nickel ions. Magnetic measurements show that part of the Mn4+ ions in the manganese rich compounds is reduced to Mn3+; this results in a larger hysteresis loop due to the increased magnetic moment of the resulting ferrimagnetically ordered clusters. LiNi0.4Mn0.5Co0.1O2 and LiNi0.45Mn0.45Co0.1O2 show similar electrochemical capacities of around 180 mAh/g (between 2.5 and 4.6 V at 0.5 mA/cm2) for the first discharge. However, subsequent cycling of LiNi0.4Mn0.5Co0.1O2 results in faster capacity loss and poorer rate capability indicating that manganese rich compounds, with Li:M = 1:1, are probably...
Categorization Behavior in Aging Subjects

Age changes in categorization and conceptual styles were studied using an object-sorting task in 276 subjects representing 7 age groups: 5, 6, 7, 19-21, 60-69. 70-79, and 80-89. Significant age effects (p less than 01) were found in the analysis of variance for four of six measures; there were no significant sex or interaction effects. Strong quadratic trends were found for number of ungrouped objects, % relational-thematic responses, and % categorical-inferential responses; oldest groups' responses were similar to children's. A linear trend was found for number of groups. There was no significant age effect for category breadth. Use of descriptive-analytic categories by the elderly was negligible compared to younger subjects. Language: en
Fuzzy logic in insurance

The insurance industry has numerous areas with potential applications for fuzzy logic (FL). These include classification, underwriting, projected liabilities, fuzzy future and present values, pricing, asset allocations and cash flows, and investment. Given this potential and the impetus on FL during the last decade, it is not surprising that a number of FL studies have focused on insurance applications. This article presents an overview of these studies. The specific purposes of the article are two-fold: first, to review FL applications in insurance so as to document the unique characteristics of insurance as an application area; and second, to document the extent to which FL technologies have been employed. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Unique catalytic properties of enzyme clusters

Physically associated multienzyme systems (enzyme clusters) have the potential of expressing unique catalytic properties in contrast to their unassociated counterparts. Evidence is accumulating which suggests that many of the enzymes in cells are organized in some manner, and that at least some of the conceived unique catalytic properties are expressed.
Analysis of electrocardiographic changes in status epilepticus

Abstract The high mortality associated with status epilepticus (SE) has been hypothesized to result partially from neurologically induced changes in cardiac function. To test this hypothesis, we reviewed electrocardiograms of 60 patients presenting in status epilepticus. Sequential electrocardiograms before, during and after ictal episodes were compared to define changes from baseline studies. 58.3% of the SE patients (N = 35) exhibited significant abnormalities on electrocardiograms obtained within 24 h of status epilepticus. Specific electrocardiographic changes included arrhythmias, axis changes, conduction abnormalities and ischemie patterns. All of these abnormal ECG changes met generally accepted cardiologie standards for a high risk of myocardial dysfunction or ischemia. The association of ECG changes with mortality was statistically significant. These results indicate that a significant proportion of SE patients are at risk for cardiac dysfunction and that close monitoring of cardiac function is indicated during and after SE.
The phylogeny fallacy: Developmental psychology's misapplication of evolutionary theory

The habit of thinking about ontogeny and phylogeny as alternative means by which information is made available to the developing individual has a long history in both biology and psychology. This article examines existing proximate (ontogenetic) and ultimate (preontogenetic) approaches to the study of human development and describes an alternative, developmental systems approach for directing research programs. On this view, phenotypes are not simply transmitted in the genes, nor are they contained in features of the environment. Rather, traits or characters are always constructed by the complex coaction of organic, organismic, and environmental factors operating during individual ontogeny. This expanded, systematic view of heredity and phenotypic development serves to eliminate the need for the dichotomization of developmental explanations into proximate and ultimate causes and directs research attention to the organism-context transaction process, thereby including a large class of variables typically omitted from preontogenetic explanations of development.
The value of visual elements in web search

We used eye-tracking equipment to observe 36 participants as they performed three search tasks using three graphically-enhanced web search interfaces (Kartoo, SearchMe and Viewzi). In this poster we describe findings of the study focusing on how the presentation of SERP results influences how the user scans and attends to the results, and the user satisfaction with these search engines.
Proteomic technology and delayed interval delivery in multiple pregnancies

Although delayed interval delivery is associated with improved survival after birth for the fetus(es) allowed to remain in the uterus published case reports on this approach are often criticized for their selection bias. Successful outcomes are rare perhaps because of underlying intra-amniotic fluid inflammation (IAI). Proteomic technology—surface-enhanced laser desorbtion-ionization (SELDI) and mass-restricted (MR) score—may allow to rapidly and accurately identify inflammation in the absence of clinical or laboratory signs of chorioamnionitis. (excerpt)
An equivalence of Ward's bound and its application

It is well known that the MacWilliams transform of the weight enumerator of some code having integer coefficients is equivalent to a set of congruences having integer solutions. In this paper, we prove an equivalent condition of Ward's bound on dimension of divisible codes, which is part of this set of congruences having integer solutions. This new interpretation makes the generalization of Ward's bound an explicit one.
Alpha- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms in the aorta of newborn rabbits and guinea-pigs.

Abstract 1. 1. Maturation-related changes in alpha- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms of the aorta were investigated in 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 4 month old rabbits and guinea-pigs. 2. 2. Aortic strips from newborn rabbits were equally as sensitive to phenylephrine as strips from the older rabbits. 3. 3. Aortic strips from newborn rabbits did not relax as well in response to isoproterenol as did the strips from adult rabbits, although relaxation to sodium nitrite was comparable in both groups. 4. 4. Aortic strips from 4 month old guinea-pigs had less sensitivity to phenylephrine than did the three younger age groups. 5. 5. Relaxing ability of newborn guinea-pig aorta to isoproterenol and sodium nitrite was equal to that of adult guinea-pig aorta.
Observation of filaments in the adrenal of androgen-treated rats.

Filaments have been reported in the cytoplasm of cells as diverse as columnar epithelial cells (1), epidermal cells (2), neuroglia (3), and neurons (4) . In endocrine tissue, concentrations of filaments have been observed in the androgen-producing interstitial cells of the testis (5, 6), whereas the number of these filaments in the cytoplasm of other endocrine tissues is so small that they are only occasionally seen . Increased numbers of filaments have been produced experimentally in neurons (7, 8) and in cultured fibroblasts (9) by treatment with vinblastine or vincristine, inhibitors of mitosis . In the present study, we report the occurrence of similar, conspicuous arrays of filaments in the adrenal gland of androgen-treated rats .