cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential publication bias in chiropractic and spinal manipulation research listed on clinicaltrials.gov.

Introduction Clinical trial registries are used to help improve transparency in trial reporting. Our study aimed to identify potential publication bias in chiropractic and spinal manipulation research by assessing data drawn from published studies listed in clinincaltrials.gov. Methods We searched the clinicaltrials.gov registry database for completed trials tagged with the key indexing terms chiropractic or spinal manipulation. We assessed if the trial registry had been updated with data, then searched for publications corresponding to the registered trials. Finally, the frequency of positive or negative results was determined from published studies. Results For the term 'chiropractic', 63% of studies supported the intervention and 52% supported the intervention for the term 'spinal manipulation'. Discussion Publication bias in chiropractic and spinal manipulation research listed in clinicaltrials.gov appears to occur. Further work may help understand why this happens and what may be done to mitigate this moving forward.
[The secondary prevention effect and influence on serum sIgG4, IL-27 and IL-33 levels of subcutaneous immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis and cough variant asthma].

Objective:To observe the secondary prevention efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis（AR） and cough variant asthma（CVA） and to analyze its effect on the levels of serum sIgG4, IL-27 and IL-33. Method:The clinical data of 112 children aged 5-12 years with AR and CVA were retrospectively analyzed and divided into control group（52 cases） and SCIT group（60 cases）. The patients were followed up for 3 years. The control group was received symptomatic treatment only, and the SCIT group was received SCIT on the basis of the control group. The numbers of cases of the two groups of children who produced new allergens and developed CA were analyze during the 3-year treatment. Changes in serum sIgG4, IL-27, IL-33 levels, TNSS, DCSS, NCSS, TRMS, TCMS, VAS score, and FEV1% before and after treatment were analyzed. Result:During the treatment, 4 patients（6.67%） in the SCIT group produced the new allergen, and 20 patients（38.46%） in the control group（χ²=16.73, P 0.05）, while after 1, 2 and 3 years of treatment the above indicators in the SCIT group were significantly better than those in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion:SCIT treatment can prevent AR with CVA patients from producing new allergens and developing into CA, and improve serum sIgG4 and IL-27 and IL-33 levels.
IoTReplay: Troubleshooting COTS IoT Devices with Record and Replay

Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices have been expanding at a blistering pace in recent years. Many of these devices have not been thoroughly tested for their security and dependability prior to shipment. These COTS (Commercial-Off-The-Shelf) IoT devices pose severe security threats to not only their users but also critical infrastructures, as evidenced by the infamous Mirai botnet attack. This work explores how to use the record and replay technique to troubleshoot COTS devices. To this end, we have developed an edge-assisted system called IoTReplay, which identifies contextual events in an IoT system that may affect the operations of the target IoT device. These contextual events are recorded when the IoT device is operating in the real world and then replayed in a test environment. We evaluate the performance of IoTReplay for troubleshooting four different types of COTS IoT devices. Our experiments demonstrate that IoTReplay is able to replay execution sequences of these devices with high fidelity while causing negligible interference with the operations of these IoT devices in the real world.
Prevalence of sleep disturbance and associated risk factors in UK Biobank participants with alcohol use disorders and major depression

IntroductionCurrent understanding of the differences in sleep disturbance (SD) and associated risk factors in patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD), major depressive disorders (MDD), and comorbid AUD+MDD is limited. MethodsData from the UK Biobank (UKB) (n=47,825) were utilized to categorize subjects into those with MDD (n=5,991), AUD (n=12,952), both (MDD+AUD)(n=3,219), and controls (n=25,663). We used generalized linear models (GLMs) to test whether rates of SD and sleep duration differed among the groups and determine the clinical predictors of SD. Rates of SD and sleep duration were compared using regression analyses accounting for demographic (age, sex, ethnicity, and Townsend deprivation index) and clinical (body mass index, neuroticism score, and alcohol consumption) factors. ResultsAfter accounting for diagnostic category, SD was associated with age, female sex, white ethnicity, and higher BMI, neuroticism and alcohol consumption scores (all p<0.0001). The unadjusted prevalence of SD was 25.6%, 25.9%, 39.2%, and 41.1% in control, AUD, MDD, and MDD+AUD categories respectively. Rates of SD in controls and AUD group as well as MDD alone and MDD+AUD did not differ in unadjusted models (p=0.45 and 0.075, respectively). Prevalence of SD differed in the four groups (p<0.0001 for all pairwise comparisons) after adjusting for demographic confounders. After further adjustment for clinical factors, effect sizes were reduced, but pairwise comparisons remained significant, except in the AUD versus MDD group (all p<0.05). After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, sleep duration did not differ among the groups. ConclusionDemographic and clinical characteristics associated with SD were similar in patients with MDD, AUD, and MDD+AUD. The differences in rates of SD between the diagnostic groups were attenuated but persisted after accounting for these confounders. Genetic and other factors capable of influencing SD in patients with MDD, AUD, and comorbid MDD+AUD merit future investigation.
Research on the Detection Method of Information System Access Abnormal Behaviour

The security of the information system is very important to the production of electric power companies. However, at this stage, there are still problems such as the inability to detect abnormal/malicious behaviors and traffic of the terminals in the network, and the inability to detect and deal with abnormal behaviors in a timely manner, leading to increased risks. This paper chooses to start with the detection of abnormal traffic as the research goal, and realizes the detection and classification of abnormal network traffic through the convolutional neural network algorithm to achieve the detection of abnormal behavior of information system access. It plays a fundamental role in many network security-related tasks, such as the design of a network traffic anomaly detection system, and has very important practical significance.
Communicating With Diverse Patients About Participating in a Biobank: A Randomized Multisite Study Comparing Electronic and Face-to-Face Informed Consent Processes.

Some individuals’ understanding of informed consent (IC) information may improve with electronic delivery, but others may benefit from face-to-face (F2F). This randomized, multisite study explores ...
Advertising and the Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Process

In this cluttered and fragmented media environment, only advertising in traditional media (or a mix of one or two other promotional tools) does not enable marketers to reach their target market. Thus, integrated marketing communications (IMC) are required. IMC involves strategic synchronization of various forms of persuasive communication programs with customers and prospects over time. The goal of IMC is to convey a company's marketing messages in a consistent and coherent manner through different promotional channels. The utmost task for IMC is ensuring consistency in messages and executions so that the target audience is able to connect any execution to the brand in the end. Keywords: integrated; synchronization of persuasive communication programs; consistent look and feel; ensuring consistency in executions
Neural Networks in Engineering Diagnostics

Neural networks are massively parallel computational models for knowledge representation and information processing. The capabilities of neural networks, namely learning, noise tolerance, adaptivity, and parallel structure make them good candidates for application to a wide range of engineering problems including diagnostics problems. The general approach in developing neural network based diagnostic methods is described through a case study. The development of an acoustic wayside train inspection system using neural networks is described. The study is aimed at developing a neural network based method for detection defective wheels from acoustic measurements. The actual signals recorded when a train passes a wayside station are used to develop a neural network based wheel defect detector and to study its performance. Signal averaging and scoring techniques are developed to improve the performance of the constructed neural inspection system. 12 refs., 13 figs., 2 tabs.
Next steps in the Hungarian economic reform

Following a review of the macroeconomic situation, this paper makes recommendations for the efficient promotion of exports in Hungary. It further reviews the conditions existing in factor markets and suggests modifying the relative prices of labor and capital and improving the operation of markets for these factors. In regard to labor markets, emphasis has been given to measures aimed at ensuring labor mobility and avoiding excessive wage increases. In turn, a variety of measures may be used to increase the availability and to ensure the efficient use of capital in Hungary. Investment activity may be stepped up by limiting wage increases, broadening the availability of financial instruments to households, and extending recent measures aimed at attracting foreign direct investments. At the same time, there is a need to reorient investment activity from heavy industry towards the industries of transformation, with greater scope given to firm decision-making in the process.
Imatinib mesylate lacks activity in small cell lung carcinoma expressing c-kit protein: a phase II clinical trial.

BACKGROUND Imatinib inhibits the c-kit tyrosine kinase, which, accounts for its activity in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The presence of c-kit protein expression in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) tumor specimens, as well as in vitro data supporting the role of c-kit in autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation specifically in SCLC, provided a rationale for studying imatinib in this disease. The authors conducted a Phase II single-institution study of imatinib in patients with recurrent SCLC whose tumor specimens expressed c-kit protein. METHODS Patients with progressive SCLC after one or two previous chemotherapy regimens consented to have their tumor specimens screened by immunoperoxidase stain (CD117, Dako Corporation, Carpinteria, CA) for c-kit protein expression. If present, individuals were then eligible for treatment with an imatinib dose of 400 mg orally twice daily (total, 800 mg per day). RESULTS The presence of c-kit protein was assessable in 36 of 39 (92%) tumor samples. Twenty-eight (78%) tumor samples had immunohistochemical staining for c-kit protein. Twelve patients were enrolled in the treatment portion of the current study. No responses were observed, and all patients had disease progression by Week 4. Edema, fatigue, nausea, and electrolyte abnormalities were the primary toxicities. CONCLUSIONS Imatinib did not have antitumor activity against SCLC, even with c-kit protein present in tumor specimens. The dismal prognosis for these patients with progressive SCLC emphasized the urgent need for continued studies of new therapies in this population. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Cash-Flow and Market Response to Repatriation

The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (AJCA) provided a limited-time tax deduction for U.S. firms repatriating accumulated foreign earnings as cash dividends, and I study this natural experiment in corporate cash shocks. Consistent with theories of imperfect capital markets, firms did not use newly freed cash to return value to shareholders but instead increased acquisitions. Firms with strong management also increased executive compensation. In addition, firms raised debt and sold property to fund repatriations. Markets anticipated firm behavior, and firms ultimately choosing to repatriate were penalized in advance by a significant drop in value when the AJCA was enacted.
Magnetic and optical storage systems: opportunities for communications technology

The author presents the essential features of magnetic and optical recording channels and describes the error correction, modulation coding, and detection schemes used in four different products: magnetic-disk drives, computer-tape systems, rotary-digital audio tape, and compact-disk read-only memory. To encourage more involvement from the communications community, the magnitude of the storage industry is emphasized and the technical areas with the most opportunity are highlighted. >
MK-801 prevents alterations in the mesoaccumbens dopamine system associated with behavioral sensitization to amphetamine

Behavioral sensitization to psychomotor stimulants has been shown to be accompanied by a number of alterations in the mesoaccumbens dopamine (DA) system, including DA autoreceptor subsensitivity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), postsynaptic D1 receptor supersensitivity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and augmentation of the DA-releasing effects of stimulants in the NAc. The present study examined whether coadministration of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 with amphetamine, which has been shown to prevent the development of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine, would also prevent these changes in mesoaccumbens DA function. Rats were treated for 5 d with amphetamine according to a regimen known to produce lasting sensitization. Extracellular single-unit recordings from VTA DA neurons in amphetamine-treated rats, performed after 1 d of abstinence, revealed robust autoreceptor subsensitivity to DA agonists. This was prevented in rats coadministered MK-801 with amphetamine during the 5 d pretreatment period. Recordings from NAc neurons in amphetamine-treated rats demonstrated supersensitivity of D1 receptors to iontophoretic administration of selective agonists when tested after 7 d of abstinence. This was also prevented by MK-801 coadministration. Microdialysis studies performed in awake rats after 7 d of abstinence failed to demonstrate augmentation of amphetamine-stimulated DA release in amphetamine-treated rats as compared to water controls, despite the fact that behavioral sensitization was evident in the former group during microdialysis experiments. MK-801 coadministration prevented behavioral sensitization in microdialysis rats but did not alter amphetamine-stimulated DA release. These results suggest (1) NMDA receptor stimulation is required for the development of both autoreceptor subsensitivity in the VTA and postsynaptic D1 receptor supersensitivity in the NAc during repeated amphetamine treatment, (2) these functional changes therefore appear to be closely associated with the development of behavioral sensitization, and (3) a dissociation can be demonstrated between the intensity of amphetamine-stimulated behavioral responses and amphetamine-stimulated DA release in the NAc.
ZnO nanorod growth by chemical bath method

Controlled growth of ZnO nanorods on various substrates is of great interest in photonic and electronic device applications. Among the various growth techniques developed, wet chemical processes hold great promise as a low cost, low temperature deposition technique. In this study we report properties of ZnO nanorods grown on indium tin oxide coated glass substrates by heating an equimolar solution of zinc (II) nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine solution. The morphology of ZnO nanorods exhibited both open and closed hexagonal shapes under various deposition conditions above 90 °C. At 95 °C, growth of equimolar ratio of zinc (II) nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine after 4 h examined by scanning electron microscope exhibited mainly open hexagonal structures. The same equimolar ratio at 95 °C grown at 9 h and longer duration of chemical bath exhibited closed hexagonal structure. The ratio of the open area of nanorods to the closed surface decreases dramatically as the deposition time is increased from 4 h to 26 h. Peak shape analysis of ZnO nanorods under X-ray diffraction spectrum suggests average crystallite size domains of 200 nanometers. Surface morphology measured using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) indicates that the 26 h sample is slightly rougher than the 4 h grown ZnO sample.
ADAPTIVE INCREASE IN FORCE VARIANCE DURING FATIGUE IN TASKS WITH LOW REDUNDANCY

We tested a hypothesis that fatigue of an element (a finger) leads to an adaptive neural strategy that involves an increase in force variability in the other finger(s) and an increase in co-variation of commands to fingers to keep total force variability relatively unchanged. We tested this hypothesis using a system with small redundancy (two fingers) and a marginally redundant system (with an additional constraint related to the total moment of force produced by the fingers, unstable condition). The subjects performed isometric accurate rhythmic force production tasks by the index (I) finger and two fingers (I and middle, M) pressing together before and after a fatiguing exercise by the I finger. Fatigue led to a large increase in force variance in the I-finger task and a smaller increase in the IM-task. We quantified two components of variance in the space of hypothetical commands to fingers, finger modes. Under both stable and unstable conditions, there was a large increase in the variance component that did not affect total force and a much smaller increase in the component that did. This resulted in an increase in an index of the force-stabilizing synergy. These results indicate that marginal redundancy is sufficient to allow the central nervous system to use adaptive increase in variability to shield important variables from effects of fatigue. We offer an interpretation of these results based on a recent development of the equilibrium-point hypothesis known as the referent configuration hypothesis.
Axial crush simulation of braided carbon tubes using MAT58 in LS-DYNA

This paper examines a composite damage constitutive model, MAT58, in LS-DYNA and its application for use in braided composite tube axial crush simulations. The constitutive response of MAT58 was investigated using single element simulations. It was found that MAT58 reproduced the softening behavior of the braided composite under monotonic compressive loading, but failed in subsequent unloading and tensile loading cycles. A deficiency in the damage law in MAT58 was identified. Unloading and reloading a volume of material that had suffered some degree of damage was a part of the process with the progressing of crush zone during the axial crush of composite tubes. Consequently, this deficiency hinders the success of MAT58 in such applications. In tri-axial braided composite tube axial crush simulations, although the predicted initial peak forces were within 20% of the experimental values, the predictions for the specific energy absorption (SEA) values were consistently low, particularly for tubes without a plug as crush initiator. These discrepancies are attributable to the deficiency in the damage law in MAT58.
Design Considerations for Maximum Bandwidth in Transistorized Pulse Amplifiers

Each of the transistor biasing configurations - common-emitter, common-base, and common-collector - has disadvantages which greatly limits the use of cascaded, single-transistor stages for general wide-band amplification. Careful choice of a combination of biasing configurations in a single stage permits optimum use of the advantages of each configuration while minimizing the effects of the disadvantages. Considerations leading to the design of an acceptable wide-band pulse amplifier stage are discussed. These principles have been applied to the design of a one-stage feedback amplifier, which has the following characteristics: gain = 25.8 db, rise time = 2.8 nsec, and linear amplification of either positive or negative pulses.
Alternatives to Twelve-Step Programs

ABSTRACT The present article highlights the importance of alternatives to the 12-step models of alcoholism (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous). The disease model of alcoholism, abstinence-only programs, and the role of spirituality in 12-step programs are discussed. Alternative clinical treatments (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational enhancement therapy) and non-12-step self-help groups (e.g., SMART Recovery, Moderation Management) are presented. It is concluded that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to alcoholism is too simplistic and ignores the enormous variability among substance users.
Morphology and structure of tin lamellae formed by cellular precipitation

Abstract Lamellae of β-tin precipitated at room temperature from a Pb-Sn (5.5 at. %) alloy were isolated by dissolution of the lead matrix in an acetic acid-hydrogen peroxide solution. The tin plates were not detectably dissolved or etched even after long exposure to this reagent. The morphology and structure of the residual lamellae were studied by electron transmission microscopy and diffraction and by optical microscopy. The plates were predominantly blade-like in form with numerous rifts and holes. They were thin enough to transmit 80 kV electrons and the thickness of a typical plate was shown to be less than 750 A. The major surfaces of most of the plates were parallel to (010) planes. This result requires that the orientation relation between the precipitated tin and lead, which we reported earlier, be corrected to: (010)sn//(111)pb and [001]sn//[110]pb. Dislocations and twin and grain boundaries were observed in the plates. Small angle grain boundaries were often formed by the rejoining of parts of a plate which had separated during growth. No extensive overlapping of separated parts of any plate was observed. From this we conclude that there was little deviation from the habit relation during growth and that the lamellae within any given colony are not extensively interconnected. These observations alone do not rule out the possibility of filamentary connections between lamellae which fractured in the dissolution process.
Constitutive Model for Photo-Mechanical Behaviors of Photo-Induced Shape Memory Polymers

Light-activated polymers are an exciting class of materials that respond mechanically when irradiated at particular wavelengths. Recent demonstrations include two novel polymers developed by Scott et al (2006) and Lendlein et al (2005). In these polymers, photochemistry alters the microstructure of the cross-linked polymer network, which is further translated as light-induced deformation and when properly used light-induced shape memory effect. In this work, we develop a model framework to simulate the photomechanical response of light-activated polymer systems. This framework breaks down the observed macroscopic photomechanical phenomenon into four coupled sets of underlying physics, which occur throughout the material during irradiation and mechanical deformation. In the context of this framework, a basic photomechanical phenomenon involves simultaneously modeling photophysics, photochemistry, chemomechanical coupling, and mechanical behavior. Furthermore, network alteration are accounted for through the parallel decomposition of the cross-linked network into two components, an original network and a photochemically altered network, which allows to capture the observed photomechanical behaviors demonstrated in these materials. One of the principal strengths of this model framework is its generality as it can be applied to light activated polymer systems with fundamentally different of photophysics, photochemistry, and chemomechanical behaviors simply by choosing different field equations for the four sets of physics specific to a material system.
Abstract 1415: The Notch ligand Jag 2 promotes growth and invasion in uveal melanoma cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular cancer in the adults, and up to 50% of patients die from hematogenous visceral metastases which are extremely resistant to chemotherapy. Using oligonucleotide expression array analysis of mRNA from primary uveal melanomas, we found that the Jag 2 ligand was 1.9 fold more expressed in tumors which metastasized than those which did not. Other Notch pathway members were also significantly induced in the metastatic cohort. We then used quantitative RT PCR to analyze mRNA extracted from a second cohort of 30 snap-frozen primary tumors, and confirmed that elevated Jag 2 mRNA levels were significantly associated (p = 0.048) with the metastatic Class 2 signature as compared to non-metastatic Class 1 uveal melanoma. To directly examine the importance of Jag 2 in driving cellular growth and invasion, we introduced the ligand into a uveal melanoma cell line, Mel 290, which has low baseline levels of Notch activity as measured by expression of the pathway targets Hes1, Hey1 and Hey2. The Jag 2-GFP-MSCV-infected cells showed a 2.5 to 6 fold induction of Notch targets Hey 1 and Hes1, indicating that pathway activity had been induced. While overall growth of the Jag 2-GFP-MSCV infected cultures as measured by MTT increased only slightly, overexpression of Jag 2 induced an approximately 3 fold increase in clonogenic growth in soft agar. Finally, we assayed the migratory properties of the cells using a wound-healing (“scratch”) assay, as well as their ability to invade Matrigel. Jag 2 expressing cells showed increased motility in both of these tests, with a significant (p = 0.0003) approximately 2 fold induction of transwell invasion capacity. Our data suggest that expression of the Notch ligand Jag 2 may play an important role in uveal melanoma growth and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1415. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1415
The Use and Significance of Ritual Bronzes in the Lingnan Region During the Eastern Zhou Period

The paper examines bronze vessels and bells excavated from late Bronze Age elite tombs in Guangdong and Guangxi. Categorized stylistically, such objects represent diverse traditions of manufacture, including 1) that of the Zhou states in the Yellow and Yangzi river systems (especially of Chu), 2) those of the Zhou-related, but basically independent bronze manufacturing cultures along the Middle and Lower Yangzi (known to Chinese archaeology as the Wu and Yue cultures), 3) those of Southeast Asian Bronze Age cultures (proto-Dian, Dongso’n), and 4) that of emergent local Lingnan bronze-casting workshops. The frequency and distribution of objects pertaining to each of these traditions changed somewhat over time; the assemblages from the tombs at Yangjia, Gongcheng (Guangxi) and Songshan, Zhaoqing (Guangdong), representing, respectively, an earlier and a later stage of local development, are scrutinized in some detail.It is noted that, both in import and in local manufacture, the choice of bronze vessel types emphasizes functional equivalence with the indigenous ceramic inventory while evincing little if any awareness of the conventions governing the composition of Zhou ritual assemblages. Bronzes and ceramics appear to have been used in conjunction at ritual celebrations. Rather than documenting a process of acculturation, objects imported from the Zhou states were adapted to uses specific to Lingnan cultural contexts. One of their main roles probably consisted in serving as symbolic prestige items to be handled and displayed by their elite owners. The primary role of display is indicated also by the fact that locally-made bronze bells are musically useless, and that, differing from their northern prototypes, they are fashioned in such a way as to emphasize visually one side over the other. Adducing cross-cultural parallels, and dwelling upon some ideas stated by K.C. Chang in a 1975 article, the paper speculates about the probable role of the exchange of such artifacts and of their local emulation in the emergence of an indigenous elite. Such analysis may yield some insights into local historical developments during the centuries preceding the area’s incorporation into the Qin and Han empires.
Characterization of mycobiont adaptations in the foliose lichen Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa (Parmeliaceae).

A cross section of the vagrant soil lichen Xanthoparmelia chlorochroawas analyzed using proton microprobe PIXE. Data were used to generate quantitative, two-dimensional element distribution maps for Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Sr. Element maps show differential element partitioning between the stratified layers of the thallus. These data document transfer of inorganic nutrients across the thallus to the algal layer. Inorganic particle entrapment was also evident in the element maps. Dense accumulations of calcium oxalate at the junction of the medulla and the algal layer on the order of 10% by dry mass were discovered. Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analyses were used to characterize the calcium oxalate region. These data provide evidence for possible functional roles of the calcium oxalate layer, including regulation of water and light. Data also provide support for a mutualistic interpretation of the lichen association.
A channel-cut crystal monochromator for x-ray standing wave measurements

Abstract In many X-ray diffraction experiments (e.g., small angle scattering and perfect crystal experiments) it is necessary to use a monochromator with high angular resolution, often much better than the intrinsic Darwin width of a perfect crystal Bragg reflection. A monolithic silicon crystal monochromator with a variable angular resolution function has been designed and fabricated. It is tunable over a wide range of X-ray energies, and is particularly well suited for X-ray standing wave experiments using synchrotron sources. Although independently conceived, this monochromator is similar is design to one developed by Bonse et al. [1] for a different purpose. It is functionally equivalent to an asymmetric crystal monochromator in providing a narrow angular transmission, yet has several advantages over the latter for standing wave experiments, especially at a synchrotron source. Rocking curves and standing wave measurements are presented.
Studies on the participation of the enzyme-bound cobamide in transmethylation from N5-methyl-H4-folate and methyl-B12

Abstract The role of the cobamide prosthetic group of N5-methyl-H4-folate-homocysteine methyl transferase in 3 methyl transferase reactions catalyzed by this enzyme has been examined. Propylation of the cobamide prosthetic group inhibits methyl transfer from N5-methyl-folate-H4, but not from methyl-B12. These results offer evidence that methyl transfer from N5-methyl-H4-folate involves the cobamide site on the enzyme, while methyl transfer from methyl-B12 utilizes a different catalytic site.
Coronary blood flow measurement using an angiographic first pass distribution technique: A feasibility study

Due to the well‐documented problems associated with visual interpretation of coronary angiograms, more physiologic means of assessing coronary artery stenosis are being investigated. One physiologic parameter that has been suggested is coronary flow reserve (CFR). A digital subtraction angiographic technique based on first pass distribution analysis (FPA) is proposed as a means of measuring CFR and absolute coronary flow. The theory of the FPA method is first outlined, and the implementation of a preliminary version of the FPA algorithm is described. Experiments verifying the utility of this algorithm for measuring absolute flow through a flow phantom, and through the canine circumflex artery are reported. It was determined that the preliminary FPA algorithm is capable of measuring canine coronary flow ratios (R) with accuracy and precision characteristics meeting or exceeding those reported for the parametric imaging technique (R FPA=0.933⋅R true, SEE=0.16, r=0.984). Accurate absolute flow (Q) measurements were obtained in all of the phantom experiments (Q FPA=1.054⋅Q true, r=0.993), and in one of the three dogs that were studied (Q FPA=0.977⋅Q true, r=0.935). The difficulty encountered in the other two dog experiments is attributed to the effects of system temporal lag, and would likely be corrected through the use of improved cameras. The feasibility of the general FPA method for measuring relative flow is established, and the potential for routine, absolute flow measurement is demonstrated.
Technical Description of the Distribute Project: A Community-based Syndromic Surveillance System Implementation

This paper describes the design of a syndromic surveillance system implemented for community-based monitoring of influenza-like illness. The system began as a collaboration between colleagues from state and large metropolitan area health jurisdictions, academic institutions, and the non-profit, International Society for Disease Surveillance. Over the six influenza seasons from 2006 to 2012, the system was automated and enhanced, with new features and infrastructure, and the resulting, reliable, enterprise grade system supported peer comparisons between 44 state and local public health jurisdictions who voluntarily contributed summarized data on influenza-like illness and gastrointestinal syndromes. The system was unusual in that it addressed the needs of a widely distributed, voluntary, community engaged in real-time data integration to support operational public health. Keywords: syndromic surveillance, secondary use of health data, Internet, public health standards, surveillance practice
RHEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DERIVATIZED WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE POWDERS

ABSTRACT The gelling ability of whey proteins provides important textural and water holding properties in many foods. However, because many products cannot be heated to the temperature needed for thermal gelation of whey proteins, cold-set gelation of whey proteins could be very advantageous to the food industry. A derivatization procedure for the production of a cold gelling whey protein isolate (WPI) consisting of protein hydration, pH adjustment, thermal gelation, freeze drying, and milling was applied to three commercial whey protein concentrates (WPC). The resulting derivatized WPC powders were reconstituted in water and evaluated through a range of rheological and physical property studies. The effects of temperature, concentration, and shear on viscosity as well as water holding capacity and intrinsic viscosity were assessed. Although the composition of the starting materials influenced the functionality of the final derivatized powders, all samples exhibited a dramatic increase in thickening and w...
Epistemic and methodological iteration in scientific research

A number of scholars have recently drawn attention to the importance of iteration in scientific research. This paper builds on these previous discussions by drawing a distinction between epistemic and methodological forms of iteration and by clarifying the relationships between them. As defined here, epistemic iteration involves progressive alterations to scientific knowledge claims, whereas methodological iteration refers to an interplay between different modes of research practice. While distinct, these two forms of iteration are related in important ways. Contemporary research on the biological effects of nanomaterials illustrates that methodological iteration can help to “initiate,” “equip,” and “stimulate” epistemic iteration.
Semantic Space is (Approximately) Bipolar

(1969). Semantic Space is (Approximately) Bipolar. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 71, No. 1, pp. 33-40.
Accumulation and cellular distribution of uranium in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

The uptake and cellular distribution of UO 2 2+ were investigated in washed cell suspensions of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The uptake was dependent on external concentration of uranium (0.01–10.0 mM) and was influenced by the pH of the reaction mixture, but not by 1 mM transition metals ions or by the previous growth history of the cells. Cells inactivated by either ultraviolet radiation or potassium cyanide accumulated about 40% more uranium than did viable cells especially at a high, toxic UO 2 2+ concentration. Most of the uranium was associated with the cell wall and membrane fractions and relatively little uranium was detected in the cytoplasmic, lipopolysaccaride and periplasmic space material fractions. Cells poisoned with potassium cyanide were found to have an 8 to 11-fold increase in the cytoplasmic concentration of uranium.
Abstract B141: Molecular imaging of DNA damage and repair in cancer.

Objectives: To directly assess apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites induced by DNA-targeted chemotherapeutic agents for in vivo studies of DNA damage and repair. Background: Current cancer treatments rely heavily on chemotherapeutic agents to induce cytotoxic DNA damages and programmed cell death in ancer cells. However, the efficacy of DNA-targeted agents such as temozolomide are often compromised by intrinsic cellular responses such as DNA base excision repair (BER). Previous studies have shown that BER pathway results in formation of abasic or AP sites and inhibition of AP sites leads to significant reduction of drug resistance and enhancement of drug sensitivity. Thus, AP-site formation has been identified as an important biomarker in DNA-targeted chemotherapies. Methods: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of small molecular probes used in combination with positron emission tomography (PET) that allows for quantification of AP sites in vivo. Results: To date, we have design and synthesized a series of AP-binding agents for PET imaging studies. Following radiolabelling, microPET studies have been conducted to evaluate their pharmacokinetic profiles in melanoma and glioma xenograft tumor mouse models that are pre-treated with temozolomide to induce AP-site formation. Subsequent quantitative analysis showed that the radioactivity concentration were higher in tumor regions pre-treated with temozolomide relative to tumor regions without any treatment, indicating that AP-site formation was elevated following temozolomide treatment. In vivo blocking studies based on microPET also showed that the agents bound to AP sites with high specificity. Conclusion: Our studies have proved the concept that PET imaging agents can be developed to monitor BER pathway and demonstrate the feasibility for future clinical applications in cancer research. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B141. Citation Format: Yanming Wang, Chunying Wu, Allison Condie, Junqing Zhu, Stanton Gerson. Molecular imaging of DNA damage and repair in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B141.
VALIDITY: COMPARISON OF THE WISC-R AND SOMPA ESTIMATED LEARNING POTENTIAL SCORES

The issue of whether the WISC-R and the Estimated Learning Potential score obtained from the System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment are culture-fair assessment devices for school children w...
A method for determining plasma levels of oxypurines.

Abstract A method has been devised utilizing 14C-labeled oxypurines to measure the blood plasma levels of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid. Sephadex was used to remove blood proteins, and the individual oxypurines were separated by an anion-exchange column. Hypoxanthine and xanthine values were determined spectrophotometrically after treatment with xanthine oxidase; uric acid was similarly measured using uricase. In normal male and female subjects the hypoxanthine average between 1.3 and 1.4 μg/ml, xanthine between 1.2 and 1.5 μg/ml, and uric acid between 5.1 and 6.5 mg %.
Toward reducing failure risk in an integrated vehicle health maintenance system

Highlights? Factor analysis identified four sub-systems: gear, engine, fuel and electrical. ? Fuzzy multi-sensor data fusion Kalman model developed. ? Fault detection and risk reduction in maintenance decision support system. ? Fuzzy Kalman filter approach reduced time and improved control of systems. This paper reports on a new integrated vehicle health maintenance system (IVHMS) based on fault detection and feedback. A fuzzy multi-sensor data fusion Kalman model was used to help reduce IVHMS failure risk. The IVHMS was tested, and sensors with and without faults were identified. The results demonstrate that multi-sensor data fusion based on fault detection and fuzzy Kalman feedback is an effective method of reducing risk in an IVHMS. Use of the fuzzy Kalman filter approach reduced the time needed to perform complex matrix manipulations to control higher order systems in the IVHMS. Moreover, the approach was able to capture the nonlinearity of engine operations under the influence of various anomalies.
Spectral Dependencies of the Quantum Yield of Photochemical Processes on the Surface of Nano-/Microparticulates of Wide-Band-Gap Metal Oxides. 1. Theoretical Approach

In this study, we examine theoretically some of the factors that influence the spectral dependencies of the quantum yield, Φ, of photochemical processes on the surface of nano-/microparticulates of wide-band-gap metal-oxide photocatalysts. The approach taken is based on solving the steady-state ((dn(t)/dt) = 0) continuity equation (eq 7) for a one-dimensional plate with dimensions x = 0−d irradiated on both sides and considering the spatial nonuniformity of photogeneration of charge carriers in the bulk of the solids and their limited probability of diffusion toward the particulate surface. This spatial nonuniformity of charge carrier photogeneration depends on whether the solid photocatalyst is photoexcited in the intrinsic or extrinsic regions or whether only the surface is photoexcited. Essential conditions required to observe similarities between the spectral dependencies of the quantum yield of surface processes and the absorption spectrum are (i) the relative values of the absorption coefficient α (...
Information technology professionals as collaborative change agents : A case study from behavioral health care

Le developpement,l'implantation et l'adaptation du systeme informatique Compass a ete etudie dans les systemes de soins medicaux afin de cerner plus precisement les comportements de protection de la sante. Ce systeme peut permettre une collaboration accrue entre les patients, les organismes de sante et les hopitaux. Les innovations technologiques vont faciliter et developper un systeme de langage et d'objectifs communs dans les domaines de la sante. Une etude de cas permet d'expliquer tres precisement l'evolution des mentalites et des competences professionnelles au travers de ces technologies de l'information au service de la sante. Le systeme Compass est decrit dans cet article, permettant ainsi d'en comprendre l'utilisation, les applications, les evolutions, l'adaptation des professionnels de la sante ou encore l'interet d'utiliser ce nouveau systeme.
Sediment thickness in the southern Canada Basin

Abstract Multichannel seismic reflection data are used, in conjunction with deep crustal seismic refraction data, to estimate the thickness of sediments in the southern Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean north of Alaska. The sediments are interpreted to be of Hauterivian (mid-Early Cretaceous) to Holocene age. Comparison of the seismic reflection character of seismic reflections in the study area with that in other basins indicates that a base-of-sediment—top of oceanic layer 2 reflection is not present above the depth at which the water-bottom multiple obscures all deeper arrivals, which is in conflict with the conclusions drawn from aeromagnetic, refraction, and other reflection studies. Seismic velocity structure, determined from the reflection data, indicates that the reflections above the multiple are from sedimentary strata. In the absence of seismic reflection evidence for the top of layer 2 above the multiple, we estimate total sediment thickness by using the layer 3 refractions and subtracting an average assumed layer 2 thickness from the top of layer 3. Assuming that an average thickness of oceanic layer 2 (1.4 km) overlies layer 3 in the southern Canada Basin, sediment thickness in the study area is estimated to range between 6.5 km where water depth is 3.8 km to greater than 11 km where the water depth is 2 km. This is nearly double that of any previous estimates and should have a significant effect on calculations such as the age of Canada Basin, regional heat flow, and long-term sedimentation rates.
Measurement of erythroid mitotic activity in bone marrow by use of colchicine.

Summary1. The influence of colchicine on arrest of erythroid mitoses of intact rat marrow was measured quantitatively. 2. A comparison was made after colchicine injection of the erythroid mitotic percentage of normal rats and of those of erythropoietically stimulated animals. Fourteen normal rats showed a range of 2.5 to 4.8%, average 3.6%. Fifteen rats, 1 to 3 days after moderate hemorrhage, gave 3.8 to 12.0%, average 6.9%. Six rats exposed for 6 hours per day for 2 to 3 days (12 to 18 hours) to a barometric pressure of 300 mm Hg yielded 5.6 to 8.5%, average 7.0%. Mitotic percentage increase above normal was evident in the stimulated animals before an established reticulocyte response was observed.
Orientation and Nomenclature of Multiple Radicals in Comb, Star, and Other Polymers with Multichain End Groups

Comb polymers with structural repeating unit (SRU) backbones, star polymers with discrete centers, and discontinuous linear polymers (i.e., polymers containing “spacer units”) contain nonpolymeric moieties, called multiple radicals or multiradicals, that join the polymeric sequences. Computer-stored structures of these types of polymers in SCION, a DuPont proprietary chemical database, now include multiradicals as part of polymer structure records, and they are fully searchable polymer components. Rules for their orientation and nomenclature are presented.
Sit-to-Stand Performance of Older Adults following Strength Training

Abstract A group of healthy older adults completed an 8-week resistance-training program. For 38 participants (14 men, 24 women; ages 60–90 years; M mass = 73.2 kg, SD = 12.3; M height = 1.65 m, SD = 0.08), pre- and postprogram sit-to-stand performance was analyzed (60 Hz video) focusing on center of mass kinematics surrounding transition. Significant changes were attributed to improved strength. Peak forward, downward, and upward velocities increased (16, 59, and 26%, respectively), and relative transition time was delayed 27%. These behaviors were more similar to those of healthy younger adults. Results also indicated strategy changes. Participants exploited their improved strength, forming a distinctive movement pattern emphasizing stability followed by a brisk rise. These adaptations represent meaningfully improved function in an important daily living activity.