cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potent laminin-inspired antioxidant regenerative dressing accelerates wound healing in diabetes

The successful treatment of chronic dermal wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), depends on the development of safe, effective, and affordable regenerative tools that the surgeon can rely on to promote wound closure. Although promising, strategies that involve cell-based therapies and the local release of exogenous growth factors are costly, require very long development times, and result in modest improvements in patient outcome. We describe the development of an antioxidant shape-conforming regenerative wound dressing that uses the laminin-derived dodecapeptide A5G81 as a potent tethered cell adhesion-, proliferation-, and haptokinesis-inducing ligand to locally promote wound closure. A5G81 immobilized within a thermoresponsive citrate-based hydrogel facilitates integrin-mediated spreading, migration, and proliferation of dermal and epidermal cells, resulting in faster tissue regeneration in diabetic wounds. This peptide-hydrogel system represents a paradigm shift in dermoconductive and dermoinductive strategies for treating DFU without the need for soluble biological or pharmacological factors.
Integrating Research and Extension for Successful Integrated Pest Management

A successful integrated pest management (IPM) program requires the integration of both research and extension. Current restrictions on pesticide use have demanded research on reduced-risk practices. For instance, in the US, the US Environmental Protection Agency Food Quality Protection Act (EPA FQPA) of 1996 imposes restrictions and tolerance reassessments on the use of broad-spectrum insecticides. Reduced-risk pest management practices include the use of softer pesticides, mating disruption technologies, development of degree-day models, geo-spatial technologies, cultural and ground cover management, and methods that conserve biological control agents. Constant threats from newly introduced pests are a major obstacle for IPM implementation because they disrupt existing practices. In addition, increased economic pressures that growers face, such as increased pesticide and labor costs and grower market competition, provide another dimension to this situation. More than ever the integration of multiple pest management tactics is needed for the development and implementation of sustainable IPM programs. The adoption of new technologies into existing IPM programs will depend on a comprehensive extension program that combines traditional forms of communication (e.g., outreach presentations, on-farm demonstrations, newsletters, factsheets, etc.) with new internet-based tools (e.g., WebPages, blogs, and webinars). Here we discuss various ways in which research and extension efforts can be coordinated to develop a successful pest management program. In particular, we provide examples based on our own experiences in peaches, blueberries, citrus, and apples.
Graphs with Special Distance Properties

Abstract A graph G is called an F-graph if its center contains at least two vertices, and if x and y are in the center, then the distance between x and y is equal to the radius of G. The existence of such graphs is surprising and is in marked contrast to trees whose center vertices must be adjacent. Some properties of F-graphs are presented, along with open questions. Recent results on other graphs with unusual distance properties are included.
An Overview of Industrial Screening Experiments

An overview of industrial screening experiments is presented, focusing on their applications in process and product design and development. Concepts and terminology that are used in later chapters are introduced and explained. Topics covered include a discussion of the general framework of industrial experimentation, the role in those activities played by screening experiments, and the use of two-level factorial and fractional factorial designs for screening. Aliasing in fractional factorial designs, regular and nonregular designs, design resolution, design projection, and the role of confirmation and follow-up experiments are discussed. A case study is presented on factor screening in a plasma etching process from semiconductor manufacturing, including a discussion of the regular fractional factorial design used and the analysis of the data from the experiment.
Preface to “Moving Towards a Feminist Epistemology of Mathematics”

In “Moving towards a feminist epistemology of mathematics,” Leone Burton (1995/2008) argued for a feminist epistemology that is parallel to the epistemologies of other STEM fields, but a case unto itself because of the nature of mathematics. Her proposal defined knowing in mathematics in relation to five categories including social relatedness, the aesthetics of mathematical thinking, intuition and insight, recognition and celebration of different approaches and ways of thinking, and global applications. These categories incorporate processes mathematicians employ as well as the experience of the learner in constructing mathematical meaning.
THE ROLE OF ETHYLENE IN THE CONTROL OF STEM PITHINESS

Pithiness is the autolysis of stem and petiolar pith resulting in a hollow organ. It can be caused by genetic programming or environ­mental stresses. It is mediated by the absence of ethylene production, such that treatments which induce moderate amounts of ethylene evolution, protect the plant against pithiness. Since pithiness results from the need to maintain optimum growth in the face of insufficient fixed carbon, ethylene inhibits the development of pithiness by retarding growth.
Gamifying your Teaching: Guidelines for Integrating Gameful Learning in the Classroom

Gamified teaching is a pedagogical strategy that utilizes principles of gaming in the structure of assignments and grading. When students are allowed to engage in gameful educational experiences, t...
Electrodermal discrimination with visual feedback in two incompatible stressful situations

One group (N=14) of human volunteers received three sessions of discriminated avoidance and punishment with the skin resistance response (SRR) as the instrumental behavior. Each session consisted of three 7 minute periods of Sidman avoidance (response-stimulus [R-S] and stimulus-stimulus [S-S]=40 sec) of a 0.5 second, 15 Hz square wave shock mixed with three periods of punishment with the same shock. The avoidance and punishment periods were differentially signaled by red and green lights, and a circle appeared superimposed on the discriminative stimuli during a criterion SRR. A second group (N=14) was yoked to the first by recording shock events on magnetic tape and shocking the yoked subject in the same temporal sequence. In both groups the visual feedback stimulus was consistently related to the subject’s ongoing electrodermal behavior. As in previous research, the contingent shock subjects made significantly more SRRs during avoidance than during punishment in all three sessions. For yoked subjects the discrimination did not appear until the third session. The findings imply that the discrimination is at least partly independent of the avoidance and punishment contingencies, and they raise questions about the role of the feedback stimulus.
Methodology of Motor Evoked Potentials in a Rabbit Model

Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is a devastating complication of aortic operations. Neuromonitoring using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) is a sensitive modality to detect SCI in humans. We describe a leporine SCI model using MEPs to test pharmaceutical therapeutics and other neuroprotective adjuncts. In 80 rabbits, methods to obtain MEPs in normotensive and ischemic rabbits were developed. The effects of isoflurane, propofol, apnea, and hypotension on lower extremity MEPs were studied. Lower extremity MEPs disappear upon SCI induction in 78 of 78 (100 %) rabbits. Prior to SCI induction and during apneic episodes, lower extremity MEPs were lost in all (100 %) and upper extremity MEPs in one (25 %). Isoflurane was used in four experiments, with loss of lower extremity MEPs in all four (100 %) and loss of upper extremity MEPs in zero. With propofol upper extremity, MEPs were obtainable in 80 of 80 rabbits (100 %) and lower extremity MEPs in 78 of 80 rabbits (97.5 %) prior to SCI induction. The presence of these lower extremity MEPs prior to SCI induction was not correlated with systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Disappearance of MEPs occurred in all 45 rabbits with postoperative lower extremity impairment. MEPs in the leporine model correlate closely with paraplegia. MEPs are influenced by inhaled anesthetics and apnea but not by hypotension alone. Propofol anesthesia provides reliable MEPs. This study provides the basis for a reproducible model of SCI to be used for novel therapeutic drug development.
Podocytes: Way to Go

This commentary highlights the article by Hara et al that discusses the clinical implications of mitotic catastrophe in podocyte health during diabetic kidney disease.
An Improved Analysis Method on Si-Photonics Waveguide Sidewall Roughness

Low propagation loss waveguides are always preferred when making Si-photonics waveguide devices. However, light scattering due to sidewall roughness of waveguide contributes to the majority of signal losses. To reduce the loss, a reliable approach to measure the sidewall roughness is critical to fine-tune the fabrication process. In this paper, we report a direct sidewall roughness measurement method by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) incorporated with a special scanning mode (Peakforce Tapping mode) and a point-terminated probe. This method has been successfully applied to measure the sidewall roughness of Si-Photonics waveguides for production process monitoring. The present method can also be applied to characterize the sidewall roughness of other nanostructures with similar requirements or situations.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

1. Bernarda Viteri, MD* 2. Jeffrey M. Saland, MD† 1. *Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 2. †Mount Sinai Kravis Children’s Hospital, New York, NY Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was described by Moschcowitz in 1924, and the term hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) appeared by 1955 to describe a series of patients with small-vessel renal thrombi, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia. During the 1970s an association was noted between enteric Escherichia coli infections and HUS, and in 1983 the specific trigger of Shiga toxin–producing E coli (STEC) was recognized. This recognition led to classification of HUS as “diarrhea positive” or “diarrhea negative,” although this terminology is no longer popular. Other secondary forms of HUS are known, including HUS associated with invasive pneumococcal infection, human immunodeficiency virus, systemic lupus erythematosus, or uncommon reactions to medications such as cyclosporine. More recently, the term atypical HUS (aHUS) has been used to describe a rare form of HUS occurring in susceptible individuals, most often from defects in regulation of the alternative pathway of complement, whereas typical HUS largely refers to STEC-HUS or pneumococcal HUS. In patients with bloody diarrhea, it is imperative that front-line providers understand the importance of testing for STEC. In many parts of the world STEC O157:H7 is the most common pathogen leading to HUS, but it certainly is not the only one as many other organisms besides E coli have been causally implicated with HUS. Testing for STEC is evolving quickly. Stool culture, various assays for the Shiga toxin, and most recently DNA testing of stool are all being used, each method with its own strengths and limitations. The most crucial issue is timeliness because the window of opportunity …
IL-1α modulates IFN-γ induced production of CXCL9/MIG during Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 corneal infection

Investigating the modulation of neutrophil production of MIG and IP-10 during the inflammatory response to HSV-1 infection. An ex-vivo model of human corneal infection by HSV-1 was used for this st...
Erasing the Thin Blue Line: An Indigenous Proposal

My novel claim is that there must be an accounting of how the judiciary has employed the theory of the social contract to dehumanize large swaths of poor persons and people of color. I argue that it is the judiciary, even more so than the legislatures, that has enabled and encouraged the police to engage in deep-seated injustices every single day. I will show that social contract talk is deeply embedded in judicial decisionmaking and policy articulation in the criminal justice realm. The judiciary’s social contract talk is the language of inclusion and exclusion; either you are protected under the contract, or you are not. The judiciary’s deference to police discretion and immunization of the police from accountability has allowed the police to decide which persons are compliant or in breach of this metaphor, but with real-world, devastating consequences. On a minute-by-minute basis, instant-by-instant, the police decide who is protected and who is a threat. Luckily, the time for judicial accountability seems right. Several state supreme courts – Alaska, California, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Washington, as well as several other individual justices of these courts and others – acknowledged their roles in facilitating racial injustice in the summer of 2020. These courts and judges seemingly stand ready to act, but they also need a roadmap for action. The political theories of Indigenous nations could help fill the gap. Consider Anishinaabe political theory. Anishinaabe political theory is inclusive. One is “in” by default. Anishinaabe political theory is over-inclusive as well, in that everything we can perceive in the world is “in.” There is no “contract” talk. Anishinaabe political theory guarantees what social contract talk promises but fails to deliver. Moreover, the American judicial notion of a social contract unhelpfully assumes that chaos is the baseline condition because people are inherently violent and selfish. Anishinaabe political theory assumes that harmony is the baseline condition. Anishinaabe governance divides powers and responsibilities of tribal leaders. There is no winner-take-all, majority rule decisionmaking. Anishinaabe political philosophy rejects the police as mere warriors. Violence and internal security do not mix in Anishinaabe government. Imagine a criminal justice system where a police officer conducting a well visit, who finds a person in need of assistance because of an addiction, and leads the government’s response in assisting that person, rather than criminalizing that person. Imagine a criminal justice system where the police officer who catches a thief in the act is charged with investigating the reasons behind the theft, and leads the government’s response in ensuring that the thief’s poverty is alleviated and the victim’s loss is compensated. Imagine a police department that heals as well as protects and serves.
Continuing the Conversation

This issue of Interreligious Studies and Intercultural Theology (ISIT) presents a variety of discussions in the field of interreligious studies and intercultural Theology. The rationale for this wide diversity is that each article covers a field of study that deserves fuller inquiry
Machine Learning for Integrated Quantum Photonics

Realization of integrated quantum photonics is a key step toward scalable quantum applications such as quantum computing, sensing, information processing, and quantum material metrology. To enable ...
Transnational Constructions of Social Scientific Personae during the Cold War: The Case of Comparative Politics

This chapter shows how students of comparative politics embraced certain techniques and operations of knowing against the background of the Cold War, institutional structures, and transnational exchanges. It does so by focusing on the role that research and researchers on Turkey, such as Dankwart Rustow and Frederick Frey, played in the Social Scientific Research Council (SSRC), its Committee on Comparative Politics, and its series on Political Development. With the help of the council’s programs, comparative political scientists constituted themselves as modern, neutral, and self-assured practitioners of science who sought to cultivate particular modes of thinking and research, including detached objectivity and behavioralist methods. I argue, however, that their self-presentation disavowed uncertainties and anxieties that they had about their own research projects. Furthermore, the uncertainties they had about their scholarly practices were also the product of their transnational activities and exchanges.
Minimal functional alignment of ventromedial prefrontal cortex intracranial EEG signals during naturalistic viewing

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has been thought to play an important role in processing endogenous information such as generating subjective affective meaning. Unlike sensory cortex, which processes exogenous information about the external world similarly across individuals, prior work has posited that vmPFC activity may be idiosyncratic to each individual, even when exposed to the same external stimulus. In this study, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from intracranial stereotactic electrodes implanted in patients with intractable epilepsy while they watched an emotionally engaging television show episode and evaluated temporal synchronization of these signals across participants in auditory cortex and vmPFC. Overall, we observed markedly lower intersubject synchronization of signals recorded from electrodes implanted in vmPFC compared to auditory cortex. A subset of patients, however, appeared to share similar vmPFC states during the more emotionally salient scenes. This work suggests that the vmPFC is involved in processing affective responses to ongoing experience in a state-like manner, but the specific states and temporal sequences are idiosyncratic to each individual, even when viewing the same television episode.
Time Horizon, Saving Motive and Stock Market Participation

This paper shows that household’s saving motives influence key portfolio choice decision: stock market participation. We utilize a unique data set from the Survey of Consumer Finance (2019 and panel 2007-209), which report about 24 reasons for saving and group these intro 6 saving motive categories: durable, retirement, bequest, emergency, smooth and luxury. Our channel to identify how saving motives influence portfolio choice encompasses the time horizon, from the household’s view, about the planning time horizon to save. For instance, households place longer time horizon for bequest, retirement and consumption smoothing, while shorter time horizon for durable or luxury based saving motives. The longer the time horizon the greater: risk tolerance and stock market participation. Altogether, saving motive influences time horizon, which has implication on households’ portfolio choice.
Non- Periodic Phenomena in Binary Systems. Conventional Binaries

This paper is primarily for those astronomers who are not specialists in the field of close double stars. It will review some of the evidence for non-periodic phenomena in eclipsing systems, especially those changes connected with the orbital period, and it will attempt to set a background for the more specialized papers on specific topics which follow.
Aniracetam has proportionately smaller effects on synapses expressing long-term potentiation: Evidence that receptor changes subserve LTP

The effects of the nootropic compound aniracetam on synaptic responses expressing long-term potentiation (LTP) were compared with those on control responses in field CA1 of hippocampal slices. The drug produced smaller percentage increases in the amplitude of potentiated, as opposed to control, inputs. Field EPSPs enhanced by the paired-pulse facilitation paradigm, however, were affected to the same degree as control responses. Since aniracetam is known to selectively augment the conductance of AMPA receptor channels, these results indicate that LTP expression is likely to involve modifications of postsynaptic receptors.
Geopolitics — Expanding self-sufficient pivotal regions

This chapter provides an overview of geopolitics and pivotal regions as they relate to industrial development. The extent to which geopolitics affect industrial development is centered around population growth and resource availability. Geopoliticians offer a variety of proofs to substantiate their claims that this science affects development. Generally, these areas are called pivotal areas or, sometimes, heartland. Four such areas exist in the world today, according to different authorities: (1) The Russian Heartland—an area drained by the Volga, Ob, and Yenisei Rivers, bounded on the north by the Arctic and on the south by the Caspian Sea and Lake Aral; (2) African Heartland—an area drained by the Niger, Zambezi, and Congo (Zaire) rivers, bounded on the north by the Sahara; (3) American Pivotal Area—an area drained by the Mississippi River, bounded by the Rockies and the Atlantic Ocean; and (4) Far East Pivotal Area—an area drained by the Yellow River, located in part in the Pacific Ocean in offshore islands. In order to expand these areas there is a compelling necessity to build a firm industrial base within their boundaries. This, in turn, is the cornerstone for modern culture, progress, and prosperity.
The genome of Syntrophomonas wolfei: new insights into syntrophic metabolism and biohydrogen production.

Summary Syntrophomonas wolfei is a specialist, evolutionarily adapted for syntrophic growth with methanogens and other hydrogen- and/or formate-using microorganisms. This slow-growing anaerobe has three putative ribosome RNA operons, each of which has 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes of different length and multiple 5S rRNA genes. The genome also contains 10 RNA-directed, DNA polymerase genes. Genomic analysis shows that S. wolfei relies solely on the reduction of protons, bicarbonate or unsaturated fatty acids to re-oxidize reduced cofactors. Syntrophomonas wolfei lacks the genes needed for aerobic or anaerobic respiration and has an exceptionally limited ability to create ion gradients. An ATP synthase and a pyrophosphatase were the only systems detected capable of creating an ion gradient. Multiple homologues for β-oxidation genes were present even though S. wolfei uses a limited range of fatty acids from four to eight carbons in length.Syntrophomonas wolfei, other syntrophic metabolizers with completed genomic sequences, and thermophilic anaerobes known to produce high molar ratios of hydrogen from glucose have genes to produce H2 from NADH by an electron bifurcation mechanism. Comparative genomic analysis also suggests that formate production from NADH may involve electron bifurcation. A membrane-bound, iron–sulfur oxidoreductase found in S. wolfei and Syntrophus aciditrophicus may be uniquely involved in reverse electron transport during syntrophic fatty acid metabolism. The genome sequence of S. wolfei reveals several core reactions that may be characteristic of syntrophic fatty acid metabolism and illustrates how biological systems produce hydrogen from thermodynamically difficult reactions.
Do Daily Price Limits Act as Magnets? The Case of Treasury Bond Futures

This article examines price behavior in the U.S. Treasury bond futures market in the mornings after large overnight price moves, using data from 1980 to 1987. The article tests whether price behavior is affected by proximity to a price limit, and whether the effect is a magnet effect or a calming effect. In that period, the price tends to reverse direction after the morning open, and the reversal appears to reflect a calming effect of the price being close to the limit. An alternative hypothesis—that morning price behavior reflects the overnight price change rather than proximity to the price limit per se—is also tested, and does not perform as well in explaining price behavior.
Gradient Shifts with Naturally Occurring Human Face Stimuli

The present research examined stimulus generalization and gradient shifts on a dimension involving human faces. Twenty undergraduates were instructed to examine the proportion of the total face length that lay between the tip of the nose and the end of the chin. The face stimuli were images of actual people shown on a computer screen; no face was shown more than once. All of the participants received discrimination training. The positive stimuli were faces with average proportions (ratios of 0.356 to 0.365). The negative stimuli were faces with very small proportions (ratios less than or equal to 0.315) for half of the participants, and faces with very large proportions (ratios greater than or equal to 0.405), for the other half. The generalization test consisted of images from 5 categories of proportions, ranging from very small to very large. The results of both conditions included a shift in the gradient away from the negative stimuli.
Getting Started in the Obama White House: Presidential Management and Staffing In the New Administration

“Change” was a prominent theme of the 2008 presidential campaign with both candidates emphasizing their credentials for altering the political environment. But does a campaign focused on change result in an administration different from its predecessors? We examine the Obama transition to identify similarities with and differences from previous administrations. Similarities include Obama’s structuring of advisors, patterns in personnel selections, and the role of the vice president. Key differences include a greater centralization of policy making, a higher proportion of former congressmen and governors as cabinet officers, and a higher proportion of nominations being challenged in the Senate. Thus an election about change produced an administration somewhat different but not radically different from its predecessors.
The contractile response of the pregnant human uterus to posterior pituitary extract

Abstract 1. 1. A series of 96 women at various stages of pregnancy and labor received 375 hypodermic injections of posterior pituitary extract not exceeding 3 minims per dose. During treatment a continuous record was made of their uterine contractions with a Lorand tocograph. 2. 2. Forty-seven per cent of treatments elicited no uterine response. 3. 3. An increased frequency of response was noted more often: (a) in multigravidas than in primigravidas, (b) during than before labor, (c) later in pregnancy than earlier, (d) after the larger than the smaller doses of pituitary extract, and (e) when the uterine wall was tense than when it was relaxed. 4. 4. The tetanic type of response occurred most often: (a) when the dose was large, and (b) when the uterine wall tension was high. 5. 5. Complete tetanic contractions occurred most often: (a) when the uterine wall tension was high. 6. 6. From this study the following conclusions are drawn: (a) That the amount of posterior pituitary extract employed, and the degree of tension of the uterine wall at the time of treatment, are two important factors to be considered when attempting to avoid an unsatisfactory type of uterine contraction during pregnancy and labor. (b) That during pregnancy and labor the most efficient type of uterine contraction is produced by the administration of small doses of pituitary extract. (c) That whether or not the drug should be employed, and how much should be used, during pregnancy or labor should not be decided without considering the degree of tension of the uterine wall.
Impact of the Provider and Healthcare team Adherence to Treatment Guidelines (PHAT-G) intervention on adherence to national obesity clinical practice guidelines in a primary care centre.

Rationale, aims and objectives Obesity is significantly underdiagnosed and undertreated in primary care settings. The purpose of this clinical practice change project was to increase provider adherence to national clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of obesity in adults. Methods Based upon the National Institutes of Health guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of obesity, a clinical change project was implemented. Guided by the theory of planned behaviour, the Provider and Healthcare team Adherence to Treatment Guidelines (PHAT-G) intervention includes education sessions, additional provider resources for patient education, a provider reminder system and provider feedback. Results Primary care providers did not significantly increase on documentation of diagnosis and planned management of obesity for patients with body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30. Medical assistants increased recording of height, weight and BMI in the patient record by 13%, which was significant. Conclusions Documentation of accurate BMI should lead to diagnosis of appropriate weight category and subsequent care planning. Future studies will examine barriers to adherence to clinical practice guidelines for obesity. Interventions are needed that include inter-professional team members and may be more successful if delivered separately from routine primary care visits.
Cobalt Availability and Superalloys

The greatest use of cobalt is in nickel-base superalloys, which are widely applied in such critical high-temperature environments as turbines. Reserves of cobalt ores are diminishing rapidly in the face of accelerating world consumption; furthermore, the greatest reserves are in politically unstable areas, largely in Africa. In light of these serious factors, the occurrence, consumption patterns, and availability of cobalt have been reviewed. The scanty literature dealing with the role of cobalt in superalloys has also been critically reviewed and is discussed. Using data reported in the literature, and previously published analytical techniques, the effects of cobalt content on superalloy micro-structural characteristics and mechanical properties have been calculated, leading to the strong suggestion that cobalt in superalloys may not be as crucial as generally believed, and could possibly be reduced significantly.
Specificity of aminoglycoside binding to RNA constructs derived from the 16S rRNA decoding region and the HIV-RRE activator region

Aminoglycoside antibiotics can bind to many different types of RNA molecules. It was of interest to determine the nature of the selectivity of binding of aminoglycosides to important, biologically relevant RNA targets. Fluorescence anisotropy methods were developed to quantitatively measure aminoglycoside affinities to constructs of the HIV-1 RRE transcriptional activation region and the prokaryotic rRNA decoding region which is the natural antibacterial target of the aminoglycosides. A fluorescent analog of Rev34-50 (Fl-Rev34-50) was prepared and shown by fluorescence anisotropy measurements to bind to the HIV-1 RRE region with a stoichiometry of 1 and a dissociation constant of 7.6 nM. RRE RNA is a target for the arginine rich Rev protein, and the binding is known to be mimicked by Rev34-50. The binding is driven by a strongly negative enthalpic term. Aminoglycosides compete with Fl-Rev34-50 binding and competition experiments with semisynthetic aminoglycosides and neomycin B and tobramycin show binding...
An asymptotic theory of combined wave refraction and diffraction

Abstract A uniformly valid asymptotic theory for water waves is presented, which accounts for the combined effects of refraction due to slowly varying water depth and diffraction by a semi-infinite thin break water. The present theory is more rigorous and generical than the approximate solution developed by Liu and Mei, which becomes invalid near the edge and the tip of the breakwater. The effects of wave breaking are ignored.
NON-COLLOCATED ADAPTIVE–PASSIVE VIBRATION CONTROL

Presented in this paper is the development of a control law for tuning a variable stiffness vibration absorber to attenuate single frequency excitation in a non-collocated situation. The control law is comprised of two distinct parts. First, a feedback controller is used to obtain a ±90° phase condition between the motion of the vibration absorber mass and the location of interest. Next, a feedback based tuning strategy is used to precisely tune the vibration absorber for performance maximization. The feedback based tuning is based on the classical feedback structure of a regulating system and is used to tune the absorber such that the accelerometer voltage resulting from the measurement of vibration of the point of interest is minimized. An experimental verification of this control law is shown.
Tahuti: a geometrical sketch recognition system for UML class diagrams

We have created and tested Tahuti, a dual-view sketch recognition environment for class diagrams in UML. The system is based on a multi-layer recognition framework which recognizes multi-stroke objects by their geometrical properties allowing users the freedom to draw naturally as they would on paper rather than requiring the user to draw the objects in a pre-defined manner. Users can draw and edit while viewing either their original strokes or the interpreted version of their strokes engendering user-autonomy in sketching. The experiments showed that users preferred Tahuti to a paint program and to Rational Rose™ because it combined the ease of drawing found in a paint program with the ease of editing available in a UML editor.
Normal and Prosthetic Atrioventricular Valve Motion in Atrial Flutter Correlation of Ultrasound, Vectorcardiographic, and Phonocardiographic Findings

In order to correlate the electrical and mechanical events occurring in atrial flutter, three patients have been studied using the standard electrocardiogram, a computer-processed vectorcardiogram, and reflected ultrasound recordings of valvular motion. Anterior motion of the mitral valve leaflet occurs in the region of the nadir of the atrial flutter wave in lead II of the electrocardiogram. In one patient in whom it was possible to obtain a tricuspid leaflet echocardiogram, anterior motion was also initiated close to the nadir of the flutter wave. The probable sequence of electrical and mechanical events in atrial flutter is discussed. In one patient with a prosthetic mitral valve, correlation of diastolic clicking sounds with respect to the poppet echocardiogram provided some insight into irregularities in timing of previously reported flutter sounds.
Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile☆

Abstract Chrysotile dissolves congruently in water according to the reaction: Mg3Si2O6(OH)4c + 5H2Ol = 3Mgaq2+ + 6OHaq− + 2H4SiO4aq. Experimental determination of the activity-product constant of chrysotile, Kchr = [Mg2+]3[OH−]6[H4SiO4aq]2, at 90°C, yields the value of Kchr = 10−49.2 ± 100.5. A synthetic sample and a natural sample from New Idria, California, were used in the determination. Values of Kchr were calculated for temperatures ranging from 0°C to 200°C, using the thermochemical data of King et al. (1967) for chrysotile and antigorite, various solubility data for silica, and ionic partial molal heat capacities estimated by the method of criss and Cobble (1964a). Kchr is 10−54.1 at 0°C, rises to a maximum value of 10−48.5 at approximately 135°C, and is 10−49.1 at 200°C (all values for the three-phase system, chrysotile plus solution plus vapor). The calculated 90°C value is 10−49.1, in excellent agreement with the experimental value; for 25°C, the calculated value is 10−50.8.
Integration of the THRUST Project into the Chile Tsunami Warning System

Several seismic gaps are identified along the coast of Chile. The main one is located in the northern part of the country (18° S–20° S), where a THRUST seismic trigger has been installed; two more triggers will be placed in other seismic gaps. The Standard Operations Plan (SOP) was tested during a disaster simulation exercise based on a major earthquake and tsunami situation. Response actions by governmental and civil agencies were monitored and a performance evaluation was done. Modifications of the SOP were found necessary to adjust the interactions between agencies.
Genetic polymorphisms of the platelet receptors P2Y12, P2Y1 and GP IIIa and response to aspirin and clopidogrel

Abstract Introduction There is wide variability in the responses of individual patients to aspirin and clopidogrel. Polymorphisms of several platelet receptors have been related to increased platelet aggregation. We therefore aimed to evaluate whether these polymorphisms are related to altered response to aspirin or clopidogrel. Materials and methods Patients (n = 120) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention who received aspirin for ≥ 1 week but not clopidogrel were included. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and 20–24 h after a 300-mg clopidogrel dose. Aspirin insensitivity was defined as 5 μM ADP-induced aggregation ≥ 70% and 0.5 mg/mL arachidonic acid-induced aggregation ≥ 20%. Clopidogrel insensitivity was defined as baseline minus post-treatment aggregation ≤ 10% in response to 5 and 20 μM ADP. PlA polymorphism of glycoprotein IIIa, T744C polymorphism of the P2Y12 gene and the 1622A > G polymorphism of the P2Y1 gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction. Results There were no differences in polymorphism frequencies between drug-insensitive vs. drug-sensitive patients. There were also no significant differences in response to aspirin (assessed by arachidonic acid-induced aggregation) or to clopidogrel (assessed by ADP-induced aggregation or activation markers) when patients were grouped according to genotype. The only trend observed was lower reduction in PAC-1 binding following clopidogrel in PlA2 carriers (P = 0.065). Conclusions We did not find an association between polymorphisms in the platelet receptors GP IIIa, P2Y12 or P2Y1 and response to aspirin or clopidogrel in cardiac patients. These findings suggest that the variability in response to anti-platelet drugs is multi-factorial and is not caused only by single gene mutations.
The determination of ploughing force and its influence on material properties in metal cutting

Abstract The ploughing force induced by cutting edge radius and/or tool flank wear is an important factor in tool wear monitoring, material flow stress estimation, chip formation mechanisms, part surface integrity, and finite element modeling of metal cutting. In the literature, the ploughing force has been estimated based on the cyclic force after the end of steady-state cutting. However, the cyclic force does not consistently appear in many cutting conditions. In this paper, the ploughing force is estimated by the extrapolation method, to zero uncut chip thickness, and used for correcting the estimate of material flow stress. The corrected flow stresses show negative strain rate sensitivity, while the flow stresses based on the measured raw force data show positive strain rate. The corrected flow stresses appear to be more uniform when plotted against the uncut chip thickness. In addition, the corrected flow stresses agree with the compression test data by appropriate extrapolation. Therefore, the extrapolation approach seems to be acceptable to estimate ploughing force in the absence of the cyclic force.
Familial congenital heart disease. II. Chromosomal studies.

The chromosomal complement was analyzed in 35 individuals, each selected because of proven cardiac anomaly in him and in one or more of his relatives. The study to date has also been extended to include chromosomal analyses of 29 other affected and 21 unaffected relatives, a total of 85 individuals. In four of the 35 index individuals a small chromosomal variant was found, and in each case it was shown to be familial; in all, variants were detected in 11 of the 85 persons examined. The various aberrations detected-an enlarged short arm of a member of group 13-15 in two families; heteromorphic nos. 16 in one family; satellites on a no. 17 in one family -are known to exist in apparently normal individuals in the general population. Neither the biological significance of these variants nor their relation to the etiology of cardiac anomalies can be established at present. However, the following working hypothesis has been developed: Small chromosomal variations in structure are transmitted in phenotypically normal individuals in the general population and constitute the chromosomal structural load ; when the relatively infrequent but inevitable genetic imbalance of an embryo occurs as the consequence of such a chromosomal polymorphism, it may cause embryonic maldevelopment. By this mechanism, the structural load would become responsible for a proportion of birth defects.
Hormonal and chemotherapeutic options in advanced prostate cancer

As the population ages and the incidence of prostate cancer increases, it is important for the clinician to understand the management of advanced prostate cancer. Traditionally, advanced prostate cancer has been considered a chemorefractory disease and has been treated with hormonal therapy. However, newer agents have demonstrated activity in prostate cancer and this article discusses some of these agents. Androgen deprivation still remains the mainstay of treatment for advanced prostate cancer. There are many ways to achieve castrate states and the different methods are reviewed here. Although androgen deprivation can prolong survival, it carries a number of undesirable side effects. The recognition of these side effects and their management is also described here. Upon reading this article, the clinician will be familiar with the main concepts of treating advanced prostate cancer.
Cancer trials versus the real world in the United States.

Background:Federal policies have been implemented to mitigate underenrollment in cancer trials in the United States. We sought to identify patterns and predictors of enrollment patterns to cancer trials in a contemporary era using a real world setting.Study Design:The 2001–2008 California Cancer Reg
MODELING THE ALLOCATION OF GRADUATE STUDENT FINANCIAL AID

Universities have always competed with one another for the relatively small number of highly qualified students interested in graduate education. This competition has been intensified recently by adverse demographic trends. This paper is concerned with the use of financial aid awards as a means of competition and with allocation of awards so that enrollments are maximized while satisfying academic standards and budget constraints. It also considers the randomness of actual aid disbursements and develops models of incremental aid allocation that increase enrollments but are within tolerance levels for budget overruns.
Severity, causes and frequencies of pressure vessel thermal shock at U.S. pressurized water reactors (1963–1981)☆

Abstract This article summarizes the results of a study whose purpose was to identify and analyze events at U.S. pressurized water reactors (PWRs) which either resulted in or could be considered as precursors to pressure vessel thermal shock (PVTS). The data base includes ∼ 16,000 Licensee Event Reports on 49 PWRs, covering ∼ 329 reactor-years from 1963 through 1981. The 99 identified events were assigned to one of five categories of severity. On this basis, 34 of the events were considered significant to PVTS. The events are categorized by cause and by vendor of the plant at which the event occurred. Some probabilistic risk assessment data are also developed.
THE LEVEL OF EXPLANATION PROBLEM REVISITED—THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY 1997 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS*

This presentation revisits the “level of explanation problem” in criminology (a personal project begun more than 35 years ago). I develop the problem historically, paying tribute to those who have led the way and those who continue it. I distinguish between the situational and interactional levels of what has previously been termed the “microsocial” level of explanation. I then elaborate the interactional level and its application to the study of youth collectivities discussed.
"Apple peel" atresia of the small bowel: prenatal diagnosis of the obstruction by ultrasound.

35-year-old woman developed polyhydramnios during her first pregnancy. Ultrasound confirmed this and showed high bowel obstruction. Delivery was uneventful, the infant was asymtomatic. Abdominal films, however, demonstrated a high jejunal obstruction. At surgery “apple peel” atresia of the small bowel was found. Good outcome.
The Effect of Anorexia Nervosa and Refeeding on Growth Hormone-Binding Protein, the Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGFs), and the IGF-Binding Proteins

We studied the relationship of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, the IGF-binding proteins IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3, and GH-binding protein (GHBP; which is postulated to be derived from the extracellular portion of the GH receptor) in normal volunteers and patients with anorexia nervosa before and after a refeeding program. Serum GHBP, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 were all significantly decreased in low weight patients with anorexia nervosa and returned to nearly normal levels with refeeding. Fasting serum GH and serum IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 were significantly increased in low weight patients with anorexia nervosa and also returned to nearly normal levels with refeeding. Serum IGF-II was 27% lower in the low weight group than in normal subjects, but this difference was not statistically significant. Both serum IGF-I and IGF-II were positively correlated with serum IGFBP-3 and negatively correlated with serum IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that nutritional deprivation alters the GH-IGF axis by down-regulation of the GH receptor or its postreceptor mechanisms, and that this effect is reversible with refeeding.
Variable domain second order evolution equations

Well-posedness criteria are given abstract evolution equations of the form for with Cauchy data Here A(t), P(t), N(t) are linear operators on a Hilbert space with N(t) bounded. These are the kinds of equations in [J.Functional Analysis 4 (1969), 50-70], but there it was assumed that each A(t) was self-adjoint and that Dom (A(t)) did not depend on t. These restrictions are relaxed in the present paper. As an application, the following simple but nontrivial mixed hyperbolic problem is solved: Here α,β,γ,δ,∊ are smooth real-valued functions on with β positive; a,b, are smooth real-valued functions on and f 1,f 2 are smooth complex-valued functions on [0,1] with .
Effects of two components of syntax on rote verbal learning

Effects of syntactical structure on rote learning of verbal strings were studied by introducing orthogonally two components, grammatical endings and function words, into an initial string of CVC syllables. With both components present, the string had the form of a complete sentence. Presence of either component of structure produced reliable facilitation, but the two did not interact. Additivity of the effects was interpreted as evidence against the hypothesis that the sentence functions as a unitary pattern or schema.
Performance Trends for Portland Cement Concrete General Aviation Pavements in Illinois

The deterioration and performance of portland cement concrete general aviation (GA) airport pavements in Illinois are discussed. Two popular design procedures are reviewed, and typical GA pavement sections are structurally evaluated by using the ILLI-SLAB finite-element model. Subjected to GA pavement loading conditions, 125- and 150-mm-thick slabs would be considered structurally adequate, whereas 100-mm-thick slabs would not be expected to perform well. It was determined that slab size, as determined by the ratio of the slab length over the radius of relative stiffness (L/l) was strongly correlated to pavement distress and performance. As the slab size was increased higher incidences of distress at higher severity levels were observed. Performance trends were identified by using a deterioration rate approach that accounts for the performance of individual sections. It is believed that this procedure reflects actual performance trends by addressing the issues of long-lived pavement sections, the impact of maintenance, and the influence of inspection variability.