cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interference Mitigation for Cyber-Physical Wireless Body Area Network System Using Social Networks

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are cyber-physical systems that emerged as a key technology to provide real-time health monitoring and ubiquitous healthcare services. WBANs could operate in dense environments such as in a hospital and lead to a high mutual communication interference in many application scenarios. The excessive interferences will significantly degrade the network performance, including depleting the energy of WBAN nodes more quickly and even eventually jeopardize people's lives because of unreliable (caused by the interference) healthcare data collections. Therefore, it is critical to mitigate the interference among WBANs to increase the reliability of the WBAN system while minimizing the system power consumption. Many existing approaches can deal with communication interference mitigation in general wireless networks but are not suitable for WBANs because of ignoring the social nature of WBANs by them. Unlike the previous research, we for the first time propose a power game based approach to mitigate the communication interferences for WBANs based on the people's social interaction information. Our major contributions include: 1) modeling the inter-WBANs interference and determine the distance distribution of the interference through both theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulations; 2) developing social interaction detection and prediction algorithms for people carrying WBANs; and 3) developing a power control game based on the social interaction information to maximize the system's utility while minimize the energy consumption of WBANs system. The extensive simulation results show the effectiveness of the power control game for inter-WBAN interference mitigation using social interaction information. Our research opens a new research vista of WBANs using social networks.
Development impact fees: Modeling future growth and economic development in a south Carolina community

User fees are an attractive alternative to general taxes, especially property taxes, insofar as they are stable and appropriate. The development impact fee is sometimes used in growing communities, and can relieve the service cost burden of new development to existing residents in the short term. Their proper use demands forecasting development trends, population growth and economic conditions. The city of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina - a suburb of Charleston - has used simple models to assess impact fees for the past seven years. This paper will describe the models used to determine impact fees and also describe a more filly developed revenue model used to predict future growth of impact fees as one category of local revenue.
The geometry of estimation and hypothesis testing in the constrained linear model-the full rank case

The classical approach to linear models is algebraic in nature, with attention being focused on parameter space. The parameter vector is estimated by minimizing a quadratic form. (In the constrained model this minimization is accomplished via the method of Lagrange Multipliers.) Transforming this estimate with the design matrix yields the estimate of the mean for the observation vector. The numerator sum of squares for testing a null hypothesis in the constrained model is given by the difference between two quadratic forms in the estimate of the parameter vector for the unconstrained model. The setting for the geometric approach is observation space. The mean (observation) vector is estimated directly by orthogo nally projecting the vector of observations onto an appropriate subspace, whether the. model is constrained or not. The estimate of the parameter vector is obtained from this estimate by the appropriate linear transformation. There is no need to employ the Lagrange Multiplier technique in the cons...
AOP2 (antioxidant protein 2): structure and function of a unique thiol-specific antioxidant.

ABSTRACTThe accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to extracellular signals or intracellular biochemical processes can be regulated by the coordinate action of many antioxidant proteins. Because moderate levels of ROS can act as intracellular messengers in many of these processes, this modulation is critical for the transduction of specific signals. The thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA) family is a highly conserved group of enzymes that can reduce hydroperoxides in the presence of a thiol-containing electron donor. AOP2 (antioxidant protein 2) is a newly described member that shows significant evolutionary conservation between many different organisms. The protein contains three motifs that are highly conserved within the TSA family, including a cysteine residue that is the active site of oxidation for this class of proteins. Although AOP2 possesses TSA activity, it has several unique characteristics, including the absence of a second cysteine residue that is conserved in all other TSA p...
Striking Images: Visual Rhetoric and Social Identify in the Radical Press, 1903–1917

Visual rhetoric in periodicals published by anarchists, socialists, and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) served as an important tool in the radicals’ critique of the emerging corporate state in the years before World War I. Radical cartoons ranged from crude sketches to fine art that used symbolism, stereotypes, satire, juxtaposition, inversion, metaphor, and irony to mobilize the masses against capitalism. This article uses social identity theory to examine cartoons in seven radical periodicals from 1903 through 1917 to explore how they constructed social reality, forged group identity, and countered hegemonic media. Although radical cartoons often provided powerful visual rhetoric for critiquing capitalism, the article argues some of it unwittingly contained disempowering messages that may have repelled possible converts.
1H and 31P NMR spectra of substituted methylphosphonic acids with indirect determination of 31P shifts

Proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectra of substituted methylphosphonic acids have been determined as a function of pH. A method has been developed for measuring the 31P shift indirectly by optimal heteronuclear decoupling of the 1H spectra of samples and standards. Control experiments have demonstrated the broad applicability of this technique to the characterization of low milligram samples of N-phosphonomethylglycine and potential metabolites.
Application of invariance principles to a radiative transfer problem in a homogeneous spherical medium

Steady state radiative transport through homogeneous spherical medium, applying invariance principles of Ambartsumian and Chandrasekhar
Pilot‐plant process for starch xanthide encapsulated pesticides

A small pilot-plant batch process for the encapsulation of pesticides with crosslinked starch xanthate (starch xanthide) has been developed. Multipound quantities of several encapsulated pesticides have been prepared that have slow-release properties. Products were made from starch xanthates of varying degrees of substitution (0.1 to 0.3) and with various crosslinking agents (H2O2, NaNO2, NaOCl, NaClO2, and FeCl3). Recovery of the pesticides as the encapsulated product ranged from 62% to nearly 100%. In a single experiment, processing water was recycled without apparent problems.
Vascular corrosion replicas of chemo-baroreceptors in fish: the carotid labyrinth in Ictaluridae and Clariidae.

Scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion replicas and light microscopy revealed a pair of highly vascularized tissues, the carotid labyrinths, in the dorsal head region of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, the black bullhead, I. melas, and the walking catfish, Clarias batrachus. The labyrinth consists of a myriad of arterioles that arise from the common carotid artery immediately distal to the origin of the common carotid from the efferent branchial (epibranchial) artery of the first gill arch. The arterioles anastomose with each other to form: (1) the internal carotid artery which supplies the brain, and (2) several anteriolateral arteries that extend into the anterior head. In the ictalurids the common carotid artery emerges from the labyrinth intact and continues anteriorly as the large olfactory artery, whereas in Clarias all postlabyrinthine vessels result from arborization of the common carotid and subsequent anastomosis of the arterioles. Similarities between piscine and amphibian carotid labyrinths and the anatomical proximity of the former with the gills suggest that, in Ictaluridae, the labyrinth has a chemoor baroreceptor function.
The permeability tensor for anisotropic nonuniform porous media

Abstract This paper describes a study of the permeability of anisotropic, nonuniform porous media. The approach is through a statistical model of the microstructure of the porous media. Using a capillary-type model with a distribution of pore sizes and orientations, we show that the permeability can be described by a second-order symmetric tensor regardless of the preferential orientation of the pores in the microstructure. We also show that an ergodic assumptions is not always true—spatial averages cannot generally be interchanged with mathematical expectations.
Exterior algebra and projections of polytopes

This paper explores the metrical properties of convex polytopes by means of the classical Plucker embedding of the GrassmannianG(k, n) ofk-planes inRn into the exterior algebra ?kRn. The results follow from the description of the volume of the projection of a polytope into ak-plane by a piecewise linear function onG(k, n). For example, the Hodge-star operator is used to obtain the volume of a polytope from its Gale transform. Also, the classification of the faces ofG(2,n) (orG(n?2,n)) imply that the largest projection within a particular combinatorial type is unique ifk=2 orn?2.
Diversity Cues on Recruitment Websites: Investigating the Effects on Job Seekers' Information Processing

Although job seekers' motivation to process the information encountered during recruitment partially influences recruitment success, little is known about what motivates more thorough information processing. To address this issue, we integrated recruitment and social information processing theories to examine the possibility that diversity cues on recruitment websites influence website viewers' processing of presented information. Utilizing a controlled experiment and a hypothetical organization, Study 1 revealed that both Blacks and Whites spent more time viewing recruitment websites and better recalled website information when the sites included racial diversity cues. These relationships were stronger for Blacks, and organizational attractiveness perceptions mediated these effects for Blacks but not for Whites. Study 2 found similar relationships for Black and White participants viewing real organizational recruitment websites after taking into account perceived organizational attributes and website design effects. Implications of these findings for recruiting organizations are discussed.
Abnormal plasma amino acid profiles in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant

Amino acid concentrations in plasma have been measured during total parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Profound hyperaminoacidemia was noted in the immediate para-transplant period. The increase was due mainly to high levels of phenylalanine and methionine. During the radiation treatment period these amino acids plus valine, proline, serine and glycine were exceptionally high. Levels of cystine and asparagine tended to be low. The results suggest that infusion of a mixture of amino acids which is lower in phenylalanine and methionine might result in better nitrogen utilization.
The research of smart electricity meter whole performance automatic detection technology

This paper has researched an advanced smart electricity meter automatic detection technology, according to the problems such as the current smart electricity meter's detection item imperfect, detection task heavy, working intensity high and so on. This automatic detection technology has realized smart electricity meter's whole performance batch parallel automatic detection, enhanced human-computer interactive ability among electricity meter detection device, host computer and detector, improved detector's detection efficiency, reduced the disoperation rate, which can meet the need of the current smart electricity meter's batch detection work, ensured electricity meter detection work's rapidity, accuracy and reliability.
Evaluation of three polytetrafluoroethylene stent-grafts in a model of neointimal hyperplasia.

Purpose The authors tested three different porosities of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)–covered stents and bare stents by using an animal model of restenosis. Materials and Methods Both iliac arteries in 18 female pigs were injured by overdilating 20-mm-long angioplasty balloons. A 40-mm-long bare stent or one of three 44-mm-long ePTFE-covered stents was deployed at the injury site. To determine restenosis, neointimal area measurements were made with intravascular ultrasonography. Histologic analyses were performed at an independent laboratory to determine neointimal attachment. Results Neointimal area was greatest at the middle of the bare stent, where balloon injury was centered. When the middle location of the covered stents was evaluated, the neointimal area of both the medium- and high-porosity covered stents was smaller than that of the matched control stents ( P = .0018 and P = .0118, respectively). The neointimal area of the low-porosity covered stents was similar to that of the bare stents. Histologic study showed dehiscence of the neointima of the low-porosity covered stents. Conclusions The microstructure of the low-porosity covered stents did not provide a suitable surface for neointimal attachment and did not reduce neointimal growth compared to that with the control stents. The microstructure of the medium- and high-porosity covered stents yielded less neointimal growth than both the control stents and the low-porosity covered stents without evidence of neointimal dehiscence. The authors believe that covered stents made with ePTFE with either medium or high porosity could limit restenosis in humans compared to that with bare stents.
Cellular chloride depletion inhibits cAMP-activated electrogenic chloride fluxes in HT29-18-C1 cells

Cyclic AMP-activated chloride fluxes have been analyzed in HT29-18-C1 cells (a clonal cell line derived from a human colon carcinoma) using measurements of cell volume (electronic cell sizing), cell chloride content (chloride titrator) and intracellular chloride activity (6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium; SPQ). HT29-18-C1 was shown to mediate polarized chloride transport. In unstimulated cells, the apical membrane was impermeable to chloride and net chloride flux was mediated by basolateral furosemide-sensitive transport. Forskolin (10) (μm) increased furosemideinsensitive chloride permeability of the apical membrane, and decreased steady-state intracellular chloride concentration approximately 9%. Cellular chloride depletion (substitution of medium chloride by nitrate or gluconate), caused greater than fourfold reduction in cellular chloride concentration. When chloride-depleted cells were returned to normal medium, cells regained chloride and osmolytes via bumetanide-sensitive transport, but forskolin did not stimulate bumetanideinsensitive chloride uptake. The inhibition of cAMP-activated chloride reuptake was not explained by limiting cation conductance, cell shrinkage, choice of substitute anion, or decreased generation of cAMP in chloridedepleted cells. When cells with normal chloride content were depolarized (135 mm medium potassium + 10 μm valinomycin), cAMP activated electrogenic chloride uptake permselective for Cl−≈Br−>NO 3 − >I−. The electrogenic transport pathway was inhibited in chloridedepleted cells. Results suggest that chloride depletion limits activation of electrogenic chloride flux.
Public housing authorities: Determining an appropriate role in a national preservation strategy

Abstract This paper examines the obstacles and issues involved in developing a comprehensive preservation agenda for public housing and explores the capacity of public housing authorities (PHAs) to meet the current and future demand for affordable housing. The paper discusses the current challenges facing the public housing program and PHAs and examines the roles and functions PHAs can assume in the current preservation and affordable housing crisis. Six specific roles for PHAs are included: resolving the equity/community dilemma, improving management, articulating modernization needs and carrying out modernization programs, preventing the loss of public housing units through sales and demolition, assuming management of privately owned subsidized housing, and developing new public housing. Although there is also much potential in nonprofits as providers of low‐income housing, they must be joined by PHAs in a comprehensive low‐income housing production and preservation strategy.
Adjacent integrally closed ideals in dimension two

Let I be an m-primary integrally closed ideal in a 2-dimensional regular local ring R. Zariski proved that I can be uniquely factored into a product of simple integrally closed ideals, and Lipman later proved that the Hilbert function HI(n) = λ(R/In) of I is a polynomial for all n ≥ 1. By using these results with many others, we study various properties of adjacent integrally closed ideals in 2-dimensional regular local rings. In particular, multiplicities, factorizations, minimal reductions, and Rees valuations of adjacent integrally closed ideals are studied.
Forty Years of Research on Xeroderma Pigmentosum at the US National Institutes of Health

Interest in studying xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) at the National Institutes of Health began in 1968 following the discovery of the DNA repair defect in XP by Dr. James Cleaver. The series of investigations initiated by Dr. Jay Robbins in the Dermatology Branch of the National Cancer Institute has continued to the present. In addition, XP has been studied by individual researchers and by collaborations among investigators in several Institutes and Laboratories. These studies demonstrated that by combining clinical and laboratory studies, XP could be a model for examining mechanisms of ultraviolet radiation-induced carcinogenesis. XP has also provided a model for human neuro-degenerative disorders. In recent years, XP has been used to evaluate DNA repair, the molecular basis of ultraviolet mutagenesis and cancer chemoprevention in humans.
Effect of morphine on proopiomelanocortin gene expression and peptide levels in the hypothalamus.

Opiates have been reported to suppress POMC in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) but studies have been complicated by the fact that acutely, in the rat, opiates stimulate corticosterone and inhibit gonadal steroid release, which could both affect POMC in brain. We have therefore examined POMC gene expression and peptide levels in the MBH of castrated rats after 10 days of treatment with subcutaneous morphine or placebo pellets and after pellet removal. POMC mRNA was measured by solution hybridization assay and β-endorphin (β-EP) and α-MSH were measured by RIA. In castrated male rats, the mean POMC mRNA concentration in the MBH was 1.67 ± 0.11 pg/μg RNA in the control animals and decreased to 1.17 ± 0.11 pg/μg RNA in the morphine-treated animals (P < 0.01). Similarly in castrated, estradiol replaced female rats, the mean POMC mRNA level in the MBH was 1.36 ± 0.19 pg/μg RNA and decreased to 0.82 ± 0.08 pg/μg RNA after morphine treatment (P < 0.05). β-EP levels were not significantly different in either study. When castrated male rats were similarly morphine pelleted and killed either on day 10 or 2 days later after pellet removal, the mean POMC mRNA level again fell from 1.83 ± 0.21 in the controls to 1.28 ± 0.20 pg/μg RNA after 10 days of morphine; 2 days after pellet removal levels remained suppressed at 0.80 ± 0.08 pg/μg RNA (P < 0.01). In this study the concentrations of β-EP and α-MSH were both noted to decline in the MBH after morphine treatment (P < 0.05). When the forms of β-EP in the MBH were characterized by HPLC, a decrease in the concentration of β-EP was again seen after morphine but no significant differences in the pattern of β-EP processing or in the relative amounts of β-EP1–31 compared to β-EP1–27 and β-EP1–26 were noted in morphine-treated animals. There was also no significant effect of 10−6−10−4 M morphine on basal or KCl-stimulated release of β-EP or γ3-MSH release from the perifused rat hypothalamus in vitro. We conclude that morphine suppresses POMC gene expression in the hypothalamus of chronically treated male and female rats. Persistent changes were also noted during morphine withdrawal. In some cases this was accompanied by a fall in β-EP peptide content. These effects were seen in castrated animals with and without sex steroid replacement and are thus independent of the effects of morphine on the pituitary-gonadal axis. These results show that opiate drugs modify endogenous opioid systems in the brain and provide further support for the hypothesis that such changes may contribute to mechanisms of opiate dependence and withdrawal.
Long-term physiologic adaptations to exercise with special reference to performance and cardiorespiratory function in health and disease

Abstract The exercise training principles of specificity, overload, individual differences and transiency are discussed and examples of each presented. Disadvantages of the cross-sectional method, and the values of the longitudinal method of ascertaining physical training effects are discussed. The effects of endurance-oriented exercise programs on middle-aged sedentary normal men and patients with coronary artery disease, emphasizing body composition and cardiorespiratory function and basic hemodynamic response to submaximal and maximal exercise, are reviewed. An original study of the effects of endurance-oriented training on patients after myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass is presented. Emphasis is placed on cardiorespiratory function at submaximal and maximal exercise loads, and the patients' response is contrasted to that of a group of sedentary normal subjects of similar age. It is concluded that after infarction most trained patients can achieve the performance levels of sedentary normal subjects but that their response to training is often restricted, presumably because residual disease effects myocardial dysfunction. Successful coronary artery bypass surgery seldom normalizes work performance and cardiorespiratory function although it may amellorate symptoms. Physical training in conjunction with bypass surgery effects a further improvement in work performance and aerobic power.
Taking Tradition Seriously: Radicalism, Conservatism, and Social Change

In his new book, Craig Calhoun, one of the nation's leading sociologists and a former president of the Social Science Research Council, offers his understanding of what makes popular collective act...
"A waste of time": Hispanic women's attitudes toward physical activity.

Despite a lack of studies on Hispanic midlife women's physical activity, the existing studies have indicated that Hispanics' ethnic-specific attitudes toward physical activity contributed to their lack of physical activity. However, little is still clearly known about Hispanic midlife women's attitudes toward physical activity. The purpose of this study was to explore Hispanic midlife women's attitudes toward physical activity using a feminist perspective. The study was a 6-month qualitative online forum among 23 Hispanic women who were recruited through Internet communities/groups. The data were collected using 17 online forum topics on attitudes toward physical activity and ethnic-specific contexts. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three major themes emerged from the data analysis process: (a) “family first, no time for myself,” (b) “little exercise, but naturally healthy,” and (c) “dad died of a heart attack.” Although some of the women perceived the importance of physical activity due t...
Comparative intrinsic and enhanced total photoluminescence of endospore material

Two techniques are compared using total luminescence spectroscopy to detect endospore material in preparations equivalent to 3.0 x 105/ml spores. The first method applied intrinsic, steady-state photoluminescence for detection. The second approach using a binding fluorochrome derived from 4-p-dimethylaminostyrylpyridinium (DASP) to signal the presence of spore material. Comparative fluorescence emission signatures (excited at 469 nm) showed greater calibrated signal recovery (4x106 cps) for spore material at longer wavelengths using DASP. The intrinsic fluorescence emission of endospores (excited at 346 nm) occurred at shorter wavelengths and showed a reduced calibrated intensity (1.4 x 105 counts per second (cps). One major advantage of DASP appears to be its longer wavelength excitation (469 nm) that is out of the range of associated biological materials that compete for absorption at shorter UV wavelengths.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A self-correcting matrix iteration for the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse

Abstract Let X k be the k th iterate of an algorithm for finding the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse of a singular matrix A . The popular algorithm X k + 1 = X k (2 I − AX k ) has a first-order error component, but the more complicated algorithm given here has no first-order error component for general A and X k .
From the editor: Competitive intelligence

This issue of EMR is devoted to learning by observing our peers - that is, Competitive Intelligence. Such an obvious activity has only recently evolved into a management technology. We all know that imitation is the best form of flattery but do we take advantage of this insight and make an effort to sense our environment to discern what our peers are doing and how are they doing it? If we elevate our own strategic planning to include the lessons learned by our competitors then might our limited thinking be improved?
Phase equilibria along a basalt-rhyolite mixing line: implications for the origin of calc-alkaline intermediate magmas

One-atmosphere, anhydrous phase equilibria determined for alkali basalt/high-silica rhyolite mixtures provide a model for crystallization of natural calc-alkaline mixed magmas. The compositional trend defined by these mixtures mimics the trends of many continental calc-alkaline volcanic suites. As with many naturally occurring suites, the mixtures studied straddle the low-pressure olivine-plagioclase-augite thermal divide. Magma mixing provides a convenient method for magmas to cross this thermal divide in the absence of magnetite crystallization. For the mixtures, Mg-rich olivine (Fo82–87) coexists alone with liquid over an exceptionally large range of temperature and silica content (up to 63 wt% SiO2). This indicates that the Mg-rich olivines found in many andesites and dacites are not necessarily out of equilibrium with the host magma, as is commonly assumed. Such crystals may be either primary phenocrysts, or inherited phenocrysts derived from a mafic magma that mixed with a silicic magma. For the bulk compositions studied, the distribution of Fe and Mg between olivine and liquid (K D ) is equal to 0.3 and is independent of temperature and composition. This result extends to silicic andesites the applicability of K D arguments for tests of equilibrium between olivine and groundmass and for modeling of fractional crystallization. In contrast, the distribution of calcium and sodium between plagioclase and liquid varies significantly with temperature and composition. Therefore, plagioclase-liquid K D s cannot be used for fractional crystallization modeling or as a test of equilibrium. Calcic plagioclase from a basalt will be close to equilibrium with andesitic mixtures, but sodic plagioclase from a rhyolite will be greatly out of equilibrium. This explains the common observation that calcic plagioclase crystals in hybrid andesites are generally close to textural equilibrium with the surrounding groundmass, but sodic plagioclase crystals generally show remelting and armoring with calcic plagioclase.
Biology and clinical relevance of granulysin

Granulysin is a cytolytic and proinflammatory molecule first identified by a screen for genes expressed 'late' (3-5 days) after activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Granulysin is present in cytolytic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Granulysin is made in a 15-kDa form that is cleaved into a 9-kDa form at both the amino and the carboxy termini. The 15-kDa form is constitutively secreted, and its function remains poorly understood. The 9-kDa form is released by receptor-mediated granule exocytosis. Nine kiloDalton granulysin is broadly cytolytic against tumors and microbes, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi/yeast and parasites. It kills the causative agents of both tuberculosis and malaria. Granulysin is also a chemoattractant for T lymphocytes, monocytes and other inflammatory cells and activates the expression of a number of cytokines, including regulated upon activation T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1, IL-6 and interferon (IFN)-alpha. Granulysin is implicated in a myriad of diseases including infection, cancer, transplantation, autoimmunity, skin and reproductive maladies. Small synthetic forms of granulysin are being developed as novel antibiotics. Studies of the full-length forms may give rise to new diagnostics and therapeutics for use in a wide variety of diseases.
The relationship of adrenalin and T-wave changes in the anxiety state.

Abstract The mechanism of T-wave inversion in an emotionally unstable patient was studied by means of continuous electrocardiographic tracings. It was demonstrated that these changes resulted from (1) the probable endogenous production of small amounts of Adrenalin during anxiety; (2) hypersensitivity of the myocardium to Adrenalin.
TRIM Modeling of Displacement Damage in SiC for Monoenergetic Neutrons

Although silicon carbide is a very good semiconductor material for the fabrication of diode detectors for use as neutron power monitors in nuclear reactors, the electrical properties of the diodes may be altered because of interactions between energetic neutrons and SiC atoms. If the energy that is transferred from a neutron to an atom in a collision exceeds some threshold value, the atom will be moved from its original position, creating displacement damage. Accurately modeling displacement damage is a first step to finding ways to eliminate or decrease the amount of damage the displacements induce. The methodology that we have used to estimate the number of displacements per atom per fluence, using two codes (MCNP and TRIM) is presented in this paper, along with examples of the results of our calculations.
Discriminating experimental Listeria monocytogenes infections in mice using serum profiling

Serum profiling was used to distinguish mice infected with wild-type or mutant Listeria monocytogenes from noninfected control mice. Identifications of significant electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) sera peak areas between Listeria-infected- and control mice were performed using t tests. ESI-MS cohort peak distributions differed from mice infected with wild-type or ∆actA Listeria versus control mice with p values of 0.00012 and 0.015, respectively. A "% wild-type Listeria peaks identified" assessment tool yielded values of 64 % for wild-type infection, 51 % for ∆actA infection, and 47 % for no infection. Receiver operator characteristic area discriminatory values were 0.97 (wild-type) and 0.82 (∆actA) versus controls. Predictive value measurements revealed overall test sensitivities of 88 % for wild-type infection and 63 % for ∆actA infection. These studies indicate that ESI-MS serum profiling holds promise for diagnosis of infection with intracellular pathogens such as Listeria and indicate that the technology could be useful in understanding the L. monocytogenes infection process.
An image deblurring method using diffraction gratings

Abstract A method of image deblurring is described, in which the restoration filter is derived from Ronchi rulings. Although two-dimensional spatial filtering is used, the method employs a line source, resulting in significant noise reduction. Experimental results are given.
Effect of Introduced Mosquitofish on Pacific Treefrogs and the Role of Alternative Prey

: Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) are distributed by many mosquito control programs because of their broad habitat tolerance and because they are considered by some to be effective mosquito predators. As a result, mosquitofish have become established as an exotic species in numerous perennial streams in the Santa Monica Mountains within the last 10–15 years. Previous studies have found that mosquitofish prey heavily on California newt ( Taricha torosa) larvae that inhabit mountain streams. We found Pacific treefrog ( Hyla regilla) tadpoles in the stomachs of 65% of stream-caught mosquitofish. In both laboratory and field experiments, we found that mosquitofish preyed heavily on treefrog tadpoles, even when high densities of mosquito larvae were presented as alternative prey. Thus, despite apparent high densities of Pacific treefrog populations, our experiments suggest that introduced mosquitofish may negatively affect stream-breeding H. regilla in the Santa Monica Mountains. Resumen: El pez mosquito (Gambusia affinis) es distribuido por muchos programas de control de mosquitos debido a su amplia tolerancia de habitats y debido a que es considerado por algunos como un depredador efectivo de mosquitos. Como resultado, el pez mosquito se ha establecido como especie exotica en una gran cantidad de arroyos perennes de las Montanas de Santa Monica dentro de los ultimos 10–15 anos. Estudios previos han encontrado que el pez mosquito depreda fuertemente larvas del triton de California ( Taricha torosa) que habita en los arroyos de montana. En este estudio, encomtramos renacuajos de la rana arboricola del Pacifico ( Hyla regilla) en 65% de los estomagos de peces mosquito capturados en los arroyos. Tanto en experimentos de laboratorio como de campo, encontramos que los peces mosquito depredan fuertemente los renacuajos de las ranas, aun cuando se encontraban altas densidades de larvas de mosquito como presas alternativas. Por ello, a pesar de las aparentemente altas densidades poblacionales de ranas arboricolas del Pacifico, nuestros experimentos sugieren que los peces mosquito introducidos pueden afectar negativamente a H. regilla en las nontanas de Santa Monica.
Department of energy sites suitable for electrokinetic remediation

Abstract Department of Energy sites with contaminated soils that are likely to be responsive to electrokinetic remediation are identified, and conditions at 31 of these sites are summarized in a table. Features that make the soils good candidates for electroremediation include low hydraulic permeability and the presence of water-soluble contaminants. Included in the table are brief descriptions of site geology/hydrology; the types and approximate concentrations of contaminants; and telephone numbers of individuals having responsibility for the sites.
Distributed clock synchronization: Joint frequency and phase consensus

Distributed synchronization has gradually gained importance over the last two decades. The ad-hoc nature of new applications has increased the need for robust and scalable distributed algorithms that are capable of generating high precision timing information. However, current solutions usually produce phase errors when the frequencies are heterogeneous. This paper proposes a distributed synchronization procedure that can achieve consensus in both frequency and phase. The algorithm uses only local information and is robust to frequency heterogeneity and network topology. A sufficient condition for global convergence is shown by leveraging recent results on coupled oscillators. We further characterize an invariant constant of the algorithm that relates the limiting frequency ω* with the harmonic mean of the clocks' natural frequencies. Simulations are provided to illustrate and verify these properties.
Developmental Biology: Holding Pattern for Histones

New research on lipid droplets in Drosophila embryos has led to the surprising conclusion that these poorly understood organelles have a novel role as a regulated storage depot of maternally supplied proteins, particularly histones.
An Alternative Sea Level Pressure Reduction and a Statistical Comparison of Geostrophic Wind Estimates with Observed Surface Winds

Abstract A method for station or grid point reduction of surface pressure to sea level or some other level is presented that shows improvement over the standard reduction method in the western United States. This method (MAPS SLP-Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System sea level pressure) uses the 700 hPa temperature to estimate an “effective” surface temperature from which the temperature of the hypothetical layer beneath the ground is estimated. The use of this “effective” temperature instead of the observed surface temperature is responsible for the improved reduction since it varies more smoothly over space and time and is more representative of the temperature variation found above the boundary layer. The MAPS SLP reduction was compared with the standard reduction and altimeter setting reduction in statistical comparisons of geostrophic wind estimates with observed winds and in a case study. A 21-month comparison between geostrophic and observed winds was made over different geographical regions, ti...
Autonomy and Integrity in Kant’s Aesthetics

"That the imagination should be both free and yet of itself conformable to law, that is, that it should carry autonomy with it, is a contradiction."1 So Kant writes to express as a paradox the epistemological problem that the feel ing on which an aesthetic judgment is based must be free of the constraint provided by determinate concepts, for otherwise there will be no reason why it should be pleasurable, yet must also be subject to some kind of rule, for otherwise the claim of universal validity which this judgment asserts will be irrational. And so understood, the remark is entirely rhetorical, for it is the express purpose of Kant's main argument in the Critique of Aesthetic Judg ment to show that this conception of the judgment of taste is coherent rather than contradictory. But taken from its intended context, the remark need not be rhetorical, for it can be seen as an expression of competing demands for aesthetic integrity, or demands for individual freedom and social agreement in the creation and reception of art which, unlike the two epistemological constraints on aesthetic judgment, cannot be simultaneously satisfied but which instead introduce a permanent source of instability into the history of art and taste. Indeed, it is even fitting that Kant's remark has to be taken out of context to be given this interpretation, for although Kant lays the theoretical basis for such a picture of art history he also tries to suppress its consequence and to avert the destruction of the eighteenth-century ideal of aesthetic stability which is its inevitable outcome. The tension which must arise on Kant's theory of taste may be seen as one between two competing demands for aesthetic integrity precisely because the concept of integrity has two distinct senses. On the one hand, it connotes a property of individual action or character: individual agency possesses in tegrity when it is determined independently of anything except principles free ly chosen by the agent but steadfastly by those principles. In a word, integrity in this sense is what Kant calls autonomy. On the other hand, the concept of integrity also has a sense in which it connotes not so much the autonomy of individual agency as the unity, coherence, or completeness of a whole such as an organism or an organization. It is in this sense of the term that a bridge, for instance, might be said to possess structural integrity.2 Kant has included in his theory of taste demands for integrity in each of these senses. In his ac
Dissipation and Compact Attractors

We present an approach to the study of the qualitative theory of infinite dimensional dynamical systems. In finite dimensions, most of the success has been with the discussion of dynamics on sets which are invariant and compact. In the infinite dimensional case, the appropriate setting is to consider the dynamics on the maximal compact invariant set. In dissipative systems, this corresponds to the compact global attractor. Most of the time is devoted to necessary and sufficient conditons for the existence of the compact global attractor. Several important applications are given as well as important results on the qualitative properties of the flow on the attractor.
Computing the discrete Fourier transform using residue number systems in a ring of algebraic integers

A new method is described for computing an N = R^{m} = 2^{\upsilon m} -point complex discrete Fourier transform that uses quantization within a dense ring of algebraic integers in conjunction with a residue number system over this ring. The algebraic and analytic foundations for the technique are derived and discussed. The architecture for a radix- R fast Fourier transform algorithm using a residue number system over Z[\omega] , where \omega is a primitive R th root of unity, is developed; and range and error estimates for this algorithm are derived.
Improved orthokinetic coagulation model for fractal colloids : Aggregation and breakup

Abstract An improved discretized population balance equation (PBE) is proposed in this study. This improved discretized PBE has new probability distribution functions for aggregates produced in non-uniform discrete coagulation modeling. The authors extended an improved particle coagulation model previously developed to an adjustable geometric size interval ( q ) , where q is a volume ratio of class k + 1 particles to class k particles ( υ k + 1 / υ k = q ). This model was compared with exact numerical solutions of continuous (uniform discretized) PBEs and applied to simulate the particle aggregation and breakup with fractal dimensions lower than 3. Further, comparisons were made using the fractal aggregate collision mechanisms of orthokinetic coagulation with the inclusion of flow induced breakup. In the course of the investigation the new algorithm was found to be a substantial improvement in terms of numerical accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency over the continuous model. This new algorithm makes it possible to solve fractal particle aggregation and breakup problems with high accuracy, perfect mass conservation, and exceptional computational efficiency, thus the new model can be used to develop predictive simulation techniques for the coupled coagulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and chemical reaction modeling.
Nitrogen incorporation in group III–nitride–arsenide materials grown by elemental source molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract Group III–nitride–arsenides are promising materials for long wavelength opto-electronic devices grown on GaAs substrates. The growth of nitride–arsenides was performed in an elemental solid source molecular beam epitaxy system with a plasma cell to supply reactive nitrogen. Growth is carried out with plasma conditions that maximize the amount of atomic nitrogen versus molecular nitrogen, as determined from the emission spectrum of the plasma. The group III growth rate controls the nitrogen concentration in the film. The photoluminescence intensity of GaNAs and GaInNAs quantum wells (QWs) increases drastically and shifts to shorter wavelengths following high temperature anneal. Nitrogen diffusion out of the QWs is responsible for the wavelength shift. We observe a decrease of interstitial nitrogen after anneal. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with GaInNAs QWs demonstrated a continuous-wave operation. To limit nitrogen diffusion, the GaAs barriers surrounding the GaInNAs QWs were replaced by GaNAs barriers. This new active region resulted in devices emitting at 1.3 μm.
SUPPRESSION OF UTERINE GROWTH BY PURIFIED HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE, 9α-FLUOROHYDROCORTISONE ACETATE AND CORTICOTROPIN*†

Certain recent studies have emphasized interactions that may occur between hormones from the adenohypophysis, suprarenal cortex and ovary to modify the responses of target organs of the female reproductive system (1, 2). It is becoming increasingly apparent that these responses are not the result of the independent action of one or perhaps two hormones only. It is more likely that they represent the physiologic expressionof the sum total of all present biologic hormones and their metabolites, acting in concert on the receptor-organs (3–5).
First U.S. Near-Total Human Face Transplantation: A Paradigm Shift for Massive Complex Injuries

Background: Severe complex facial injuries are difficult to reconstruct and require multiple surgical procedures. The potential of performing complex craniofacial reconstruction in one surgical procedure is appealing, and composite face allograft transplantation may be considered an alternative option. The authors describe establishment of the Cleveland Clinic face transplantation program that led them to perform the first U.S. near-total face transplantation. Methods: In November of 2004, the authors received the world's first institutional review board approval to perform a face transplant in humans. In December of 2008, after a 22-hour operation, the authors performed the first near-total face transplantation in the United States, replacing 80 percent of the patient's traumatic facial deficit with a composite allograft from a brain-dead donor. This largest, and most complex, face allograft in the world included over 535 cm 2 of facial skin; functional units of full nose with nasal lining and bony skeleton; lower eyelids and upper lip; underlying muscles and bones, including orbital floor, zygoma, maxilla, alveolus with teeth, hard palate, and parotid glands; and pertinent nerves, arteries, and veins. Immunosuppressive treatment consisted of thymoglobulin, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. Results: The patient tolerated the procedure and immunosuppression well. At day 47 after transplantation, routine biopsy showed rejection of the graft mucosa without clinical evidence of skin or graft rejection. The patient's physical and psychological recovery went well. The functional outcome has been excellent, including optimal return of breathing through the nose, smelling, tasting, speaking, drinking from a cup, and eating solid foods. Conclusion: The functional outcome thus far at 8 months is rewarding and confirms the feasibility of performing complex reconstruction of severely disfigured patients in a single surgical procedure of facial allotransplantation.
Increased chloride transport in erythrocytes in Huntington's disease.

Summary Studies of 36 Cl − efflux across erythrocyte membranes in controls and Huntington's disease have been performed. An increased rate constant for 36 Cl − efflux in fresh Huntington's disease erythrocytes compared to normal controls was observed (P Butterfield et al (1980) Life Sciences 27 , 609–615 ].