cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How valid are current cervical cancer prognostic factors that are used to recommend adjunctive radiation therapy after radical surgery

Prognostic factors in early cervical cancer have been debated for many years and have been used as an indication for postradical hysterectomy radiation therapy. A recent Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol suggested that large lesions, deep invasion, or capillary-like space had better recurrence-free survival, but not overall survival, if postoperative radiation was given. When the published data were evaluated, the authors' conclusions were questioned. The choice of prognostic factors does not seem appropriate based on the data that were presented.
Thermal resistance characterization of 200 GHz F/sub t/ InGaAs/InAlAs HBTs

We present the results of measurements of the thermal resistivity of InP-based HBTs with cutoff frequencies, f/sub t/ /spl sim/200 GHz and with f/sub max/ over 300 GHz. The measurements were on full-thickness 3" InP wafers at T/sub amb/ from 30 - 210/spl deg/C and three separate emitter current densities. We present data on three device sizes and two device layouts and discuss the relationship of V/sub be/ to temperature at these elevated power and temperature levels.
A PML using a convolutional curl operator and a numerical reflection coefficient for general linear media

A general time domain representation of the Chew and Weedon [1994] stretched coordinate perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition is described. This new approach mathematically operates on the spatial field derivatives and allows the PML update equations to be trivially derived from any set of general linear medium update equations. A method for calculating the frequency dependent reflection coefficient for this form of the PML is derived for general linear media. Two and three dimensional numerical test results, which validate the calculation of the reflection coefficient, are presented. The range of numerical tests include the PML matching of free space, a magnetoplasma, and a free space waveguide. Improving the reflection coefficient is examined.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in a 46 XY Female

The most common muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), is an X-linked disorder that ordinarily has full clinical expression only in males. Reports of typical clinical features in females are rare but have occurred with a phenotypically identical autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy as well as in females with X-chromosome abnormalities such as the Turner syndrome. A girl with full expression of DMD due to a 46 XY karyotype is reported, and other clinical conditions in which expression of the DMD gene occurs in females are reviewed.
The physical evaluation of seismic destructiveness

The problem of designing structures to withstand destructive earthquakes is not in a very satisfactory condition. On the one hand engineers do not know what characteristics of the ground motion are responsible for destruction, and on the other hand seismologists have no measurements of seismic motion which are sufficiently adequate to serve for design, even if the destructive characteristics were known. Consequently, engineers have been forced to proceed on an empirical basis.
Selection for Extremes in Serum FSH Concentrations Results in Reduced Testis Size and Fertility in Meishan and White Composite Boars

The Meishan breed of swine was imported from China for its high ovulation rate and as a model to increase fecundity in the swine industry. Concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are increased in Meishan boars (5 to 10 x) as compared to European breeds utilized for meat production in the United States. In human reproduction, elevated FSH concentrations in men are associated with impaired gonadal function and infertility. In the current studies, concentrations of serum FSH were related negatively to testis size and weights in Meishan boars and White composite boars of European origin. Selection for high FSH concentrations in boars was correlated with reduced testis weight and fertility, all common characteristics of hypergonadotropism associated infertility in men. Meishan boars that have extremes in FSH concentrations and testis weights may be a useful model for the study of hypergonadotropic hypogonadal function in men.†
A Helium3 Refrigerator

Temperatures in the neighborhood of 1.25°K are conveniently obtained by reducing the pressure on a liquid He4 bath in an appropriate dewar system. Below this temperature. the vapor pressure of the saturated liquid is so small that limitations on lowering the temperature are imposed by a rapid decrease in the pumping speed of the vacuum pumps. For He3 the vapor pressure for a given temperature is much larger than for He4 and will enable one to obtain temperatures in the neighborhood of 0.35°K.
Postnatal undernutrition delays a key step in the maturation of hypothalamic feeding circuits

Abstract Objective Humans and animals exposed to undernutrition (UN) during development often experience accelerated "catch-up" growth when food supplies are plentiful. Little is known about the mechanisms regulating early growth rates. We previously reported that actions of leptin and presynaptic inputs to orexigenic NPY/AgRP/GABA (NAG) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus are almost exclusively excitatory during the lactation period, since neuronal and humoral inhibitory systems do not develop until after weaning. Moreover, we identified a critical step that regulates the maturation of electrophysiological responses of NAG neurons at weaning – the onset of genes encoding ATP-dependent potassium (K ATP ) channel subunits. We explored the possibility that UN promotes subsequent catch-up growth, in part, by delaying the maturation of negative feedback systems to neuronal circuits driving food intake. Methods We used the large litter (LL) size model to study the impacts of postnatal UN followed by catch-up growth. We evaluated the maturation of presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibitory systems in NAG neurons using a combination of electrophysiological and molecular criteria, in conjunction with leptin's ability to suppress fasting-induced hyperphagia. Results The onset of K ATP channel subunit expression and function, the switch in leptin's effect on NAG neurons, the ingrowth of inhibitory inputs to NAG neurons, and the development of homeostatic feedback to feeding circuits were delayed in LL offspring relative to controls. The development of functional K ATP channels and the establishment of leptin-mediated suppression of food intake in the peri-weaning period were tightly linked and were not initiated until growth and adiposity of LL offspring caught up to controls. Conclusions Our data support the idea that initiation of K ATP channel subunit expression in NAG neurons serves as a molecular gatekeeper for the maturation of homeostatic feeding circuits.
Amino acids do not suppress proteolysis in premature neonates

To determine whether increased amino acid availability can reduce proteolysis in premature neonates and to assess the capacity of infants born prematurely to acutely increase the irreversible catab...
The Influence of Alternative CSR Reporting Models on Managers' Capital Allocation Decisions

This study examines how the reporting model a firm uses to guide its corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures can influence managers’ capital allocations. Two key features that differ among available reporting models are the intended audience of the disclosures and the disclosure location. Drawing on psychology theory, I predict and find that differences in these two features of CSR reporting models interact to affect how accountable managers feel for financial and social performance which significantly influences their capital allocations. I also find evidence that the influence of the CSR disclosure location is contingent on the perceived uniformity of the disclosure audience’s preferences. These insights help firms and also standard setters and regulators better understand the consequences of competing CSR reporting models by highlighting the potential effects of CSR disclosure standards on managerial decision-making.
A joint probability approach for coincidental flood frequency analysis at ungauged basin confluences

A reliable and accurate flood frequency analysis at the confluence of streams is of importance. Given that long-term peak flow observations are often unavailable at tributary confluences, at a practical level, this paper presents a joint probability approach (JPA) to address the coincidental flood frequency analysis at the ungauged confluence of two streams based on the flow rate data from the upstream tributaries. One case study is performed for comparison against several traditional approaches, including the position-plotting formula, the univariate flood frequency analysis, and the National Flood Frequency Program developed by US Geological Survey. It shows that the results generated by the JPA approach agree well with the floods estimated by the plotting position and univariate flood frequency analysis based on the observation data.
Influence of 2D Steps and Distributed Roughness on Transition on a NACA 63(3)-418

Wind farm operators observe power production decrease over time. Quantifying performance degradation on individual components is difficult, exacerbating the problem. One potential explanation is accumulation of blade surface roughness, as wind turbines are continuously subjected to environmental hazards. Historically, wind turbine airfoils were designed for lift to be insensitive to roughness by simulating roughness with 2D trip strips. However, roughness was still shown to negatively affect airfoil performance. Experiments have also illustrated that random-distributed roughness is not properly simulated by trip strips. To better understand how real-world roughness affects performance, field measurements of turbine-blade roughness were made and simulated on an airfoil section in a wind tunnel. Of the observed roughness types, insect roughness and paint chips were characterized and recreated as distributed roughness and a forward-facing step. Distributed roughness was tested in three heights and two density configurations. The model chord Reynolds number was varied between 0.8 to 4.4 × 10. Measurements of lift, drag, and pitching moment were completed. Transition location was determined using both infrared thermography and hotfilm anemometry. Results indicate minimal performance loss due to paint-chip roughness. At Rec = 2.4 × 10, L/Dmax decreased 40% for the dense 140 μm, sparse-extended 140 μm, and sparse 200 μm roughness. This indicates that both density and height are critical performance parameters. Lastly, all but one configuration had Rek,crit within predictions from literature.
Reading Interventions for Middle and Secondary Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders A Quantitative Review of Single-Case Studies

Many students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) experience learning problems in reading at the middle and secondary school levels. Yet, the academic performance of students with EBD is often overlooked in the research literature. The purpose of this article was to provide a quantitative synthesis of the published, peer-reviewed, single-case research literature on reading interventions for students with or at-risk for EBD. An omnibus nonoverlap effect size of .59 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) = [.54, .64] was found consisting of 219 phase contrasts and 44 participants across the 11 studies included in the review. The findings are discussed in the context of improving the academic and behavioral outcomes of middle and secondary students with EBD.
Sex-Linked Inheritance of Virulence against Wheat Resistance Gene H9 in the Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

The dominant gene H 9 in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., confers resistance to all known biotypes of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say). Resistance is expressed as larval antibiosis (death of 1st instars). We isolated from a Washington (WA) population of Hessian flies a virulent biotype capable of surviving on and stunting H 9 wheat plants, and we established a genetic basis for the virulence. Analysis of F1 and testcross progenies of reciprocal matings between the virulent WA biotype and avirulent Great Plains biotype indicated that the virulence trait is controlled by a single, completely recessive, sex-linked gene, which we designated as vH 9. The inheritance pattern of virulence was consistent with previous genetic evidence that males are hemizygous and express only maternally derived sex chromosomes in their soma. Segregation analysis of the virulence locus with 2 sex-linked marker genes, white eye (w) and Isocitrate dehyrogenase (Idh) , showed that vH 9 assorts independendy of Idh but is linked to w with 39.9 ± 3.54% recombination. The results suggest that vH 9 and eye color loci are located on 1 of the 2 sex chromosomes of the Hessian fly, and the Idh locus is on the other.
PREVIOUS EXCAVATIONS AND GEOPHYSICAL DISCOVERIES AT A PREHISTORIC EARTHWORK SITE IN WESTERN MICHIGAN

Geophysical surveying was performed during the summer of 2010 at the South Flats Earthwork Site (20MU2) located in Muskegon County, Michigan. This prehistoric earthwork site is a circular feature of raised earth material located in a present-day young oak forest. the enclosure is approximately 25-30m in diameter, has a width of 4m around the perimeter where the ground relief is altered approximately 0.5m. It is located within the Muskegon State Game Area on a bluff overlooking the Muskegon River. the site was first excavated by the Michigan archaeologist George Quimby in 1937 and has been only moderately disturbed by anthropogenic sources since that time. Recent excavation was performed in 2006 by a team of researchers from Grand Valley State University. This field work clarified the results and aided in the Interpretation of the records kept of the 1937 excavation. Additionally, the recent excavations increased overall knowledge of the role that earthwork structures played in the cultures of the time. Due to the site location on State-owned land, excavation is restricted. Ground penetrating radar and magnetometer surveys were applied at this site to provide an image of the subsurface and facilitate further development of cultural Interpretations. Soil composition is predominantly sandy making ground penetrating radar a very effective geophysical tool. Previous excavation units and other recent anthropogenic disturbances are clearly visible in the geophysical results. the earthwork structure itself is identifiable through the ground penetrating radar images and several small-scale geophysical features aid in site Interpretation. Results from the surveys provide insight into the prehistoric use of earthworks structures and illustrate the complicated nature of interpreting geophysical surveys at previously excavated sites.
Soil Application Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Behavior and Survival in Turfgrass Microcosms

The effect of mycelial and conidial formulations of the insect pathogenic fungi, M. anisopliae , on the survival and behavior Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, larvae and ovipositing adults in turfgrass-soil microcosms was explored. Changes in Japanese beetle grub feeding site selection on sod roots, movement patterns, and survival in Metarhizium anisopliae inoculated soil were examined in greenhouse studies and through the use of radiographic analysis in the laboratory. Our studies indicate that the application of mycelial particles in soil affected the behavior of both larval and adult Japanese beetles. Japanese beetle grubs avoided soil that contained high concentrations of pathogen for up to 20 d after application. Conversely, the incorporation of mycelial particles increased oviposition in both choice and no choice studies. Our findings on scarab response to inundative applications of M. anisopliae mycelium may help explain some of the inconsistency in results that often occur when fungal pathogens are used to control insects in the field.
Photoconductivity, Photoreflectance and Photoluminescence of GaAs-AlAs Multiple Quantum Wells

Employing temperature dependent photoconductivity, photoluminescence and photoreflectivity measurements, we have analyzed a GaAs-AlAs multiple quantum well. The above optical techniques clearly resolve the fundamental inter-subband transitions, including heavy hole-light hole splittings. At T 100K the fundamental indirect transition was discovered and associated with LO (L) — phonon absorption.
Immigrant Social Policy in the American States: Race Politics and State TANF and Medicaid Eligibility Rules for Legal Permanent Residents

This article examines differences in the drivers of state Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Medicaid immigrant eligibility policies, determined in the wake of the 1996 Welfare Reform. The findings show that differences in the incentive structures of the two programs may affect the way race politics influence each. Specifically, race is a strong negative correlate for TANF inclusion of immigrants as states with large African American populations were more likely to exclude legal permanent residents from the program. In the case of Medicaid, the size of the immigrant population is a strong positive correlate for inclusion. The effect of the size of the black population, although negative, is small and not significant. The study confirms extant research findings that ideological factors play an important role in the formation of both policies.
Analysis of incidence of legal reported infectious diseases in Haojiang District of Shantou City in 1994～2005

Objective To analyse epidemiologieal characteristics of typeⅠand typeⅡinfectious diseases from 1994 to 2005 in Haojiang District and offer theoretic basis for making control measures.Methods The data of legal reported infectious diseases in Haojiang District were collected and analyzed by description epidemiology.Results Incidence of legal report TypeⅠand TypeⅡinfectious diseases showed a downtrend,the highest incidence was 259.0/100 000 (in 1994),lower one was 109.2/100 000 (in 2003)and the average annual incidence was 153.2/100 000.In the past 12 years the incidence of respiratory infection (mostly tu- berculosis)showed a trend of slow increase and it was on the top of typeⅠand typeⅡinfectious disease in this district since 2001. The main infectious diseases were viral hepatitis,pulmonary tuberculosis and typoid fever.Intestinal infectious disease,insect-home infectious disease and natural focal diseases showed down trend.Conclusion The future work be focused on control of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases and the monitoring and controlling of blood - borne diseases and STD.
The Little Engine That Could

A pop quiz: Define--without reaching for your American Heritage Dictionary or Handlist of Rhetorical Terms--the words "ecdysiastical" and "aposiopesis."
Scatter Correction for X-ray Imaging Using Primary Modulation: A Phantom Study for CBCT

Recently, we have developed a scatter correction algorithm for x-ray imaging that provides accurate scatter correction without additional patient exposure. A calibration sheet (primary modulator) with a checkerboard pattern of attenuating materials is inserted between the x-ray source and the object, so that the scatter and part of the primary distributions are strongly separate in the Fourier domain. Linear filtering and demodulation techniques suffice to extract the low-frequency components of the primary and hence obtain the scatter estimation and correction. The algorithm has been verified by Monte Carlo simulations. In this work, a physical primary modulator was built using aluminum, and experiments were carried out on our bench-top CBCT system with the insertion of the modulator. A standard evaluation phantom and a human chest phantom were used in the study. Scatter corrected images using the primary modulator are compared with those without scatter correction and with scatter inherently suppressed with the collimator narrowly opened. The results show that the primary modulation approach reduces the relative error of the reconstructed image around the central region of interest from 31.80% to 2.30% for the evaluation phantom without the anti-scatter grid, and from 17.54% to 0.47% for the human chest phantom with the anti-scatter grid in place. The reconstructions of the resolution test objects also reveal that this algorithm has no noticeable impact on the resolution of the reconstructed image, although a filtering-based technique is used.
The Importance of Stepped-Care Protocols for the Redesign of Behavioral Health Care in Patient-Centered Medical Homes

The demonstration of treatment efficacy under relatively idealized conditions (e.g., participants are randomly assigned to treatment, excluded for comorbid conditions, and paid to enhance retention) remains the appropriate starting point for the development of evidence-based psychological health-care systems. Once efficacy treatment has been established, other considerations can become more prominent. Common targets for subsequent research include treatment effectiveness (symptom improvement under more naturalistic conditions; e.g., Fleischhacker and Goodwin (World Psychiatry 8:23–27, 2009); Seligman (American Psychologist 50:965–974, 1995)) and dissemination efforts.
Inducers and 'organizers': Hans Spemann and experimental embryology.

Structure du livre de Hamburger concernant la decouverte du developpement et de l'organisation embryonnaires
Deleuze and Guattari: Space and Becoming

If you believe in the world you precipitate events, however inconspicuous, that elude control, you engender new space-times, however small their surface or volume. Deleuze, Negotiations Paul Virilio shows how the explosion of the information bomb has direct repercussions on humans and their experience of the nation-state, of the city and of world-space. Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari draw repeatedly on Virilio when they declare that every critical relation, no matter what discipline it uses or represents, has to be treated in view of the world he describes. As Virilio put it, when addressing what he calls Deleuze and Guattari's “poetic or nomadological understanding of the world,” [t]oday's world no longer has any kind of stability; it is shifting, like the polar ice-cap, or “continental drift”. Nomadology is thus an idea which is in total accordance with what I feel with regard to speed and deterritorialization. So, it is hardly surprising that we clearly agree on the theme of deterritorialization. (Virilio 2005a: 40) Spatial consciousness is ubiquitous in Deleuze and Guattari's writings. It informs their theory of an event , which Virilio employs in a catastrophic sense, insofar as a sensation of space often becomes the event as it “takes place” and is as quickly abolished. It also subtends their politics, which in their lexicon means creating openings that will enable becomings . Becomings engage what so far has been called existential territorialization.
Characterizing fibrosis in UUO mice model using multiparametric analysis of phasor distribution from FLIM images

Phasor approach to fluorescence lifetime microscopy is used to study development of fibrosis in the unilateral ureteral obstruction model (UUO) of kidney in mice. Traditional phasor analysis has been modified to create a multiparametric analysis scheme that splits the phasor points in four equidistance segments based on the height of peak of the phasor distribution and calculates six parameters including average phasor positions, the shape of each segment, the angle of the distribution and the number of points in each segment. These parameters are used to create a spectrum of twenty four points specific to the phasor distribution of each sample. Comparisons of spectra from diseased and healthy tissues result in quantitative separation and calculation of statistical parameters including AUC values, positive prediction values and sensitivity. This is a new method in the evolving field of analyzing phasor distribution of FLIM data and provides further insights. Additionally, the progression of fibrosis with time is detected using this multiparametric approach to phasor analysis.
The Fate of Earthly Things: Aztec Gods and God-Bodies

Molly Bassett provides us with an ambitious and theoretically nuanced work that is of great interest to comparative religionists as well as those focused more specifically on the peoples and religi...
A Linearization Technique in Silicon Modulators for Analog Signal Processing

We investigate a linearization technique in silicon electro-optic (EO) modulator for spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) improvement. Using 3rd-order derivative of the transfer function, an optimal DC bias is applied to get a maximum SFDR.
Fictions of Race: American Indian Policies in Nineteenth-Century British North American Fiction

This article explores the hemispheric and transatlantic uses of race and empire as tropes of settler-colonial otherness in the novel The Canadian Brothers (1840) by Canadian author John Richardson. In this pre-Confederation historical novel, Richardson contrasts the imperial British discourse of racial tolerance, and the British military alliances with the Natives in the War of 1812, with the brutality of American Indian policies south of the border, in an effort to craft a narrative of Canadian difference from, and incompatibility with, American culture. At the same time, the author's critical attitude towards all European military and commercial interventions in the New World illuminates the rootedness of both American and Canadian settler colonialisms in British imperialism, and exposes the arbitrariness and constructedness of the political boundaries dividing the continent.
Generalized-active-space pair-density functional theory: an efficient method to study large, strongly correlated, conjugated systems

Predicting ground- and excited-state properties of open-shell organic molecules by electronic structure theory can be challenging because an accurate treatment has to correctly describe both static and dynamic electron correlation. Strongly correlated systems, i.e., systems with near-degeneracy correlation effects, are particularly troublesome. Multiconfigurational wave function methods based on an active space are adequate in principle, but it is impractical to capture most of the dynamic correlation in these methods for systems characterized by many active electrons. We recently developed a new method called multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT), that combines the advantages of wave function theory and density functional theory to provide a more practical treatment of strongly correlated systems. Here we present calculations of the singlet–triplet gaps in oligoacenes ranging from naphthalene to dodecacene. Calculations were performed for unprecedently large orbitally optimized active spaces of 50 electrons in 50 orbitals, and we test a range of active spaces and active space partitions, including four kinds of frontier orbital partitions. We show that MC-PDFT can predict the singlet–triplet splittings for oligoacenes consistent with the best available and much more expensive methods, and indeed MC-PDFT may constitute the benchmark against which those other models should be compared, given the absence of experimental data.
Inhibition of the ADP/P2Y12 Pathway Confers Additional Protection against Arterial Thrombosis in PAR-4 Deficient Mice

Clopidogrel, a potent anti-thrombotic drug widely used for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, inhibits the ADP/P2Y12 pathway by inducing irreversible alteration of the platelet receptor P2Y12, ultimately uncoupling ADP from adenylyl cyclase inhibition. Clinical trials have demonstrated additional benefits of dual antiplatelet therapy, such as combined treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin, in the prevention of ischemic cardiovascular disease. We previously established that protease-activated receptor (PAR) signaling is necessary for platelet activation by thrombin and plays an important role in mouse models of hemostasis and thrombosis. Indeed a PAR antagonist is currently being used as an anti-thrombotic agent in clinical trials. In order to evaluate the possible interaction between the thrombin/PAR and ADP/P2Y12 pathways, we orally administered clopidogrel (30mg/kg) or vehicle to PAR-4 null, heterozygous and wild type littermates, and evaluated arterial thrombus formation and bleeding during surgical challenge. In a FeCl3-induced carotid thrombosis model, PAR-4 deficient mice treated with clopidogrel were completely protected from thrombosis compared to their wild type treated littermates. Interestingly, clopidogrel treated PAR-4 heterozygotes showed an intermediate level of protection compared to treated wild type and null mice that was similar to vehicle-treated PAR-4 deficient mice. Additionally, we scored bleeding during the surgical procedure while blinded to genotype and treatment. The bleeding score was increased in clopidogrel treated mice compared to vehicle treated mice and was exacerbated with increasing haplotype deficiency of Par-4. To better define the relationship between these two activation pathways, we generated mice lacking both PAR-4 and P2Y12. All genetic combinations were born at the expected Mendelian distribution. Females lacking both receptors carried offspring to term, but signs of bleeding were observed during parturition. Preliminary data from PAR-4/P2Y12 double null mice, in both the tail bleeding assay and in a FeCl3-induced carotid thrombosis model, is in agreement with the results obtained in clopidogrel treated PAR-4 deficient mice. This study provides useful information to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy inhibiting the thrombin/PAR and ADP/P2Y12 pathways and explores the relationship between these two critical pro-thrombotic pathways in an in vivo setting.
A low-volume polyethylene glycol solution was associated with an increased suboptimal bowel preparation rate but had similar recommendations for an early repeat colonoscopy, procedure times, and adenoma detection rates

Background/aims Low-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) bowel preparations are better tolerated by patients than high-volume preparations and may achieve similar preparation quality. However, there is little data comparing their effects on a recommendation for an early repeat colonoscopy (because of a suboptimal preparation), procedure times, adenoma detection rate (ADR), and advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR). Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of outpatient colonoscopies performed during a one-year period at a single academic medical center in which low-volume MoviPrep® (n = 1841) or high-volume Colyte® (n = 1337) was used. All preparations were split-dosed. Appropriate covariates were included in regression models assessing suboptimal preparation quality (fair, poor, or inadequate), procedure times, recommendation for an early repeat colonoscopy, ADR, and AADR. Results MoviPrep® was associated with an increase in having a suboptimal bowel preparation (OR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.06-1.76), but it was not associated with differences in insertion (p = 0.43), withdrawal (p = 0.22), or total procedure times (p = 0.10). The adjusted percentage with a suboptimal preparation was 11.7% for patients using MoviPrep® and 8.8% for patients using Colyte®. MoviPrep® was not associated with a significant difference in overall ADR (OR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.78-1.11), AADR (OR 1.18; 95% CI: 0.87-1.62), or recommendation for early repeat colonoscopy (OR 1.16; 95% CI: 0.72-1.88). Conclusions MoviPrep® was associated with a small absolute increase in having a suboptimal preparation, but did not affect recommendations for an early repeat colonoscopy, procedure times, or adenoma detection rates. Mechanisms to reduce financial barriers limiting low-volume preparations should be considered because of their favorable tolerability profile.
Case 4: Fever and Bradycardia in an 8-month-old Girl.

1. Duncan Hau, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY An 8-month-old previously healthy girl presents to the emergency department with fever (as high as 102.7°F [39.2°C]) for 2 days. She has no cough, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, sick contacts, or recent travel. She is making 4 to 5 wet diapers per day. She normally takes 30 oz of formula daily but has taken 20 oz over the past day. She was seen at her pediatrician’s office the initial day of fever and was diagnosed as having a viral illness. The mother brought her to the emergency department owing to concern about the persistent fever. She was born at term via cesarean delivery. She was noted to have a murmur in the nursery that resolved. Her medical, surgical, and family histories are normal. She was seen 1 time previously in the emergency department at 7 months of age for minor head trauma, and she was discharged after brief observation. On physical examination, her temperature is …
Pediatric intermediate care and pediatric intensive care units: PICU metrics and an analysis of patients that use both

Purpose To examine how intermediate care units (IMCUs) are used in relation to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), characterize PICU patients that utilize IMCUs, and estimate the impact of IMCUs on PICU metrics.
Multicenter study to demonstrate radiomic texture features derived from MR perfusion images of pseudoprogression compared to true progression in glioblastoma patients.

2016Background: To differentiate between pseudoprogression and true progression in patients with glioblastoma using MR perfusion radiomic texture analysis (TA). Methods: 98 patients with pathologically-proven diagnosis of GBM were retrospectively included in this IRB approved HIPAA compliant study. All patients underwent DSC and DCE Perfusion MRI as part of their routine clinical care. Images were analyzed using Nordic ICE 2.3 (NordicNeuroLab) ; rCBV and ktrans maps were obtained. Subsequently, 3D slicer 4.3.1(http://www.slicer.org) was used to segment the entire tumor on the different processed maps to create a volume of interest (VOI) for Radiomic TA. Multiple invariant texture features where then extracted from each VOI. 475 invariant texture features were applied to each map. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Kaplan Meier, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between texture feature and pseudop...
Alcohol and Stress Activation of Microglia and Neurons: Brain Regional Effects.

Background Cycles of alcohol and stress are hypothesized to contribute to alcohol use disorders. How this occurs is poorly understood, although both alcohol and stress activate the neuroimmune system—the immune molecules and cells that interact with the nervous system. The effects of alcohol and stress on the neuroimmune system are mediated in part by peripheral signaling molecules. Alcohol and stress both enhance immunomodulatory molecules such as corticosterone and endotoxin to impact neuroimmune cells, such as microglia, and may subsequently impact neurons. In this study, we therefore examined the effects of acute and chronic ethanol (EtOH) on the corticosterone, endotoxin, and microglial and neuronal response to acute stress. Methods Male Wistar rats were treated intragastrically with acute EtOH and acutely stressed with restraint/water immersion. Another group of rats was treated intragastrically with chronic intermittent EtOH and acutely stressed following prolonged abstinence. Plasma corticosterone and endotoxin were measured, and immunohistochemical stains for the microglial marker CD11b and neuronal activation marker c-Fos were performed. Results Acute EtOH and acute stress interacted to increase plasma endotoxin and microglial CD11b, but not plasma corticosterone or neuronal c-Fos. Chronic EtOH caused a lasting sensitization of stress-induced plasma endotoxin, but not plasma corticosterone. Chronic EtOH also caused a lasting sensitization of stress-induced microglial CD11b, but not neuronal c-Fos. Conclusions These results find acute EtOH combined with acute stress enhanced plasma endotoxin, as well as microglial CD11b in many brain regions. Chronic EtOH followed by acute stress also increased plasma endotoxin and microglial CD11b, suggesting a lasting sensitization to acute stress. Overall, these data suggest alcohol and stress interact to increase plasma endotoxin, resulting in enhanced microglial activation that could contribute to disease progression.
CVaR Model for Optimizing Crop Insurance under Climate Variability

This paper studies the application of the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) in the crop insurance industry under climate variability. We designed a model to help farmers decide about buying crop insurance products to reduce climate and price risks. The objective is to minimize farmers’ return losses, while using CVaR to control the risk aversion level. We illustrate the application of the model by studying a farm with two crops (cotton and peanut) in Jackson Co., Fl. Crop insurance contracts with the greatest expected return were: for peanut, 75% actual production history (APH) during El Nino and Neutral years, and 65% APH during La Nina years; and for cotton, 75% APH in all El Nino Southern Oscillation phases. Risk averse farmers could select 75% APH for peanut during La Nina years.
Norms Matter: Contrasting Social Support Around Behavior Change in Online Weight Loss Communities

Online health communities (OHCs) provide support across conditions; for weight loss, OHCs offer support to foster positive behavior change. However, weight loss behaviors can also be subverted on OHCs to promote disordered eating practices. Using comments as proxies for support, we use computational linguistic methods to juxtapose similarities and differences in two Reddit weight loss communities, r/proED and r/loseit. We employ language modeling and find that word use in both communities is largely similar. Then, by building a word embedding model, specifically a deep neural network on comment words, we contrast the context of word use and find differences that imply different behavior change goals in these OHCs. Finally, these content and context norms predict whether a comment comes from r/proED or r/loseit. We show that norms matter in understanding how different OHCs provision support to promote behavior change and discuss the implications for design and moderation of OHCs.
RRAM fabric for neuromorphic and reconfigurable compute-in-memory systems

We are on the cusp of a new computing era with increased reliance on artificial intelligence, cognitive processing, and big-data analysis. These tasks demand faster and more power-efficient hardware, which may, in turn, be driven by architecture and device innovations. RRAM is widely viewed as a promising candidate that can meet future storage and computing needs. In this paper, we discuss potential computing applications enabled by RRAM devices within both conventional and emerging computing paradigms. A concept of RRAM-based Memory Processing Unit (MPU), which allows the hardware resources to be dynamically allocated to optimally process a broad range of tasks, will be introduced.
Neutrality and Selection in the Evolution of Gene Families

Evolutionary relationships among genes, as revealed by sequence similarity, are used to characterize gene families. Surprisingly, a power-law can reasonably describe the distribution of sizes of a genomes gene families. Evolutionary models are able to reproduce the size distribution with simulations of a set of genes growing through duplications and modifications. Most conspicuously, positive selection is not included in the models, suggesting per-haps, that neutral forces determine gene family sizes. Here I advocate this notion with comparative genomic analyses and a review of recent research on the evolution of gene duplicates. I show that a power-law also relates the sizes of orthologous gene families across 66 known microbial genomes. Furthermore, singletons (gene families of size = 1) in one genome have orthologs that are themselves power-law distributed in other genomes. The signature of positive selection, however, is revealed in the fact that gene families of size six and more have a more skewed family sizes distribution across other genomes. The general pleiotropy of genes and the notion that gene duplicates may rapidly subfunctionalize support the conception of gene family growth without positive selection. Such a model runs contrary to Susumu Ohno’s famous dictum that only “redundancy created” and suggests a novel view of the evolution of functional novelty.
Recent Evolution of the Hemoglobinless Condition of the Antarctic Icefishes

Certainly one of the most unusual “adaptations” of vertebrates is the loss of erythrocytes and the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin [[1]] by the Antarctic icefishes (family Channichthyidae, suborder Nototheniodei). Lacking an oxygen transporter, the icefishes nonetheless maintain normal metabolic function by delivering oxygen to their tissues in physical solution in their “colorless” or “white” blood. In the chronically cold (−1.86 to+1 C) and oxygen-rich environment experienced by these psychrophilic organisms, reduction of the hematocrit to near zero appears to have been selectively advantageous because it significantly diminishes the energetic cost associated with circulation of a highly viscous, corpuscular blood fluid [[2]–[5]]. Hematocrit, mean cellular hemoglobin concentration, and hemoglobin chain multiplicity all decrease with increasing phylogenetic divergence among the red-blooded Antarctic notothenioid fishes [[6]], and the Bathydraconidae (the sister group to the channichthyids) approach the hematological extreme displayed by the white-blooded icefishes. Nevertheless, the development in icefishes of compensatory physiological and circulatory adaptations that reduce tissue oxygen demand and enhance oxygen delivery (e.g., modest suppression of metabolic rates, enhanced gas exchange by large, well-perfused gills and a scaleless skin, and large increases in cardiac output and blood volume) argues that loss of hemoglobin and erythrocytes was probably maladaptive under conditions of physiological stress. Therefore, the most plausible evolutionary scenario is that the phylogenetic trend to reduced hematocrits and decreased hemoglobin synthesis in notothenioid fishes developed concurrently with enhancements to their respiratory and circulatory systems, leading ultimately to the acorpuscular, hemoglobinless condition of the icefishes.
Decoupling and Partial Independence

The initial motivation of this note was the question: How many samples are needed to approximate the inertia matrix (variance-covariance matrix) of a density on R n ? It first arose in a joint paper with L. Lovasz and M. Simonovits on an algorithm for computing volumes of convex sets. Rudelson proved a very interesting result (answering the question) based on a classical theorem from Functional Analysis (see Square Form Theorem below) due to Lust-Piquard, which is proved using the beautiful technique of Decoupling. This note gives a self-contained proof of the theorem and its application to this problem as well as a different question dealing with extending the basic result of Random Matrix Theory to partially random matrices (see Theorem 3) below.
Just Trade and Foreign Policy: A Case Study of the Legal Permissibility and Political Feasibility of Ceasing Trade with Israeli Settlements in Occupied Territories

This study treats settlement boycotts as a question on legal trade and foreign policy. On the legal side, it concludes that ceasing trade with Israeli settlements is not only permitted before the World Trade Organization (WTO) but also obliged under public international law in general. It is found that GATT does not apply to settlements and that Israel cannot refer successfully to the WTO courts to rebuke settlement boycotts. However, in case a WTO panel would decide differently, settlement boycotts would still be permitted in WTO litigation using specific exceptions in WTO law. On the foreign policy side, this study investigates the political feasibility in the United States and European Union of trade embargoes toward Israeli settlements in occupied territories. It starts off with the construction of a dynamic conceptual and theoretical framework in which seven variables that determine political feasibility are set out: legal, economic, diplomatic, political culture, civil society, perceived gravity of the breach and knowledge, and level of leadership. This framework is subsequently applied to the United States and Europe. Findings are that there is currently not sufficient political feasibility to enact trade measures toward settlements. In the US, this is mainly due to diplomatic ties and leadership by a powerful lobby. In the EU, this is because of its history, lack of leadership and strong position of certain member states.
Loughborough — The Development of a Department

The Chemical Engineering Department at Loughborough has existed for some thirty one years although chemical engineering was taught there from 1947. The Department began with some thirty students and three staff and now has about 250 undergraduates, 50 post graduate students, 20 faculty and 20 or so ancillary workers. This paper traces the history of this development and records some of the innovative features which the department has pioneered.
Magnetic resonance imaging of foot and ankle trauma.

SUMMARY MRI is a useful diagnostic tool in the assessment of traumatic lesions of the foot and ankle. It is especially useful in demonstrating acute and chronic tendon and ligament injuries. Subtle fractures, including osteochondral, nondisplaced, and stress fractures, are well shown with MRI but may be difficult to detect on radiographs. A bone scan may also be used to detect these fractures; however, with MRI the fracture extent may be determined. MRI is also useful in diagnosing complication of trauma, such as ischemic necrosis and bone and soft-tissue infections.
Studies on the retina of the gecko Coleonyx variegatus: II. The rectilinear visual cell mosaic

The regular rectilinear visual cell mosaic of the central retina was described and found to be present at all levels of the receptor cells. This pattern consisted of primary rows comprised entirely of D 1 rods alternating with alternate rows comprised of Single, Twin, Triplet 1 , and Triplet 2 rods. The exclusive presence of D 1 rods in the primary rows readily accounted for the 51–52% D 1 rods found.
Development of the KOOSglobal Platform to Measure Patient-Reported Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background:The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) has demonstrated inferior psychometric properties when compared with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subject...