cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engineering Education—A Century of Opportunity

Since the founding of ASEE one hundred years ago, engineering education has grown dramatically in scope and in enrollment. Yet, the principles which prompted the call for curriculum reform and for the full development of human potential by the founders of ASEE are as relevant to the situation in engineering education today as it was at that first meeting in 1893. While there has been considerable progress, expectations for fundamental change to achieve the goals articulated by our founders have never been greater.
Icelandic umlaut in Optimality Theory

This paper presents an analysis of Icelandic umlaut in Optimality Theory. We account for umlaut in sal [œ] t -[Y] m ‘lettuce’ (dat. pl.) and d [œ:] g -[Y] m ‘day’ (dat. pl.), in which /a/ is fronted and rounded when followed by [Y], as well as forms such as j [œ] kli ‘glacier’ (dat. sg.) and b [œ] rn ‘child’ (ace. pl.) with an umlauted vowel, but no overt trigger. We explain why there is no umlaut in forms such as dal-n [Y] m ‘valley’ (def.), kakt [Y] s ‘cactus’ (nom. sg.), or d [a:] g -[Y] r ‘day’ (nom. sg.) despite the fact that /a/ occurs in the umlaut environment. We also explain why there is one umlauted vowel in sal [œ] t -[Y] m ≪ /salat + Ym/, but two umlauted vowels in f [œ] t-n [Y]ð-[Y] m ≪ /fat + nað + Ym/ ‘clothing’ (dat. pl.) and why the umlauted vowel is sometimes [Y] and sometimes [œ].
The effects of culture on ethical decision-making: An application of Hofstede's typology

This paper addresses a significant gap in the conceptualization of business ethics within different cultural influences. Though theoretical models of business ethics have recognized the importance of culture in ethical decision-making, few have examinedhow this influences ethical decision-making. Therefore, this paper develops propositions concerning the influence of various cultural dimensions on ethical decision-making using Hofstede's typology.
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma arising in a silicone breast implant capsule: a case report and review of the literature.

Abstract Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare type of primary breast lymphoma. We report a case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, T-cell phenotype, occurring in the periprosthetic capsule of a silicone breast prosthesis 9 years after implantation for augmentation mammoplasty. This case is unique for its unusual presentation.
Do the medical history and physical examination predict low lung function

Background: We sought to determine whether an abnormal respiratory history or chest physical examination could be used to identify men with low lung function. Methods: We analyzed pulmonary function, physical examination, and questionnaire data from 4461 middle-aged male Vietnam-era army veterans. Main Results: The study sample consisted of 1161 never smokers, 1292 former smokers, and 2008 current smokers. Clinical indicators of respiratory disease (respiratory symptoms, respiratory signs, or a history of respiratory disease), were present in 26.1% of the never smokers, 31.7% of the former smokers, and 47.2% of the current smokers. We defined low forced expiratory volume in 1 second as a value less than 81.2% of the predicted value. Seven percent of the never smokers, 8% of the former smokers, and 17.3% of the current smokers demonstrated low forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Among those with a clinical indicator for spirometry only 11% of the never smokers, 13% of the former smokers, and 21% of the current smokers actually had a low forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Among those without a clinical indicator 6% of the never smokers, 6% of the former smokers, and 14% of the current smokers actually had a low forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Conclusions: The use of clinical indicators as a basis for obtaining pulmonary function tests in middle-aged men misses many with low lung function, especially current smokers. (Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:1892-1897)
Transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry: research and therapeutic applications

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a new, non-invasive procedure where a localized pulsed magnetic field to the surface of the head depolarizes underlying superficial neurons. The magnetic field is generated by passing powerful, brief electrical currents through a conducting coil, held close to the scalp. This electrically generated magnetic field passes unimpeded through the skull (transcranial) and is focused in the cortex (stimulation). The earliest research uses of TMS were in neurology, where TMS was used to examine central and peripheral nerve conduction as well as to study motor cortex. More recently, this technology has been widely used to map various brain functions such as visual information processing, language, memory, emotion, and movement. The ability to excite or inhibit local areas of the brain has raised the possibility of whether TMS might be a novel therapeutic tool for various psychiatric disorders. Here we review the methodology of TMS and its emerging research and therapeutic...
Reflections on ‘Nature on Trial’

Vic Walter’s paper on chicken justice forces me to begin by addressing what I would have to call a meta-question; namely, why does a historian of science cross the road? In this case the answer is to show that there are two sides. Historians need to sit down with philosophers of science to understand how the development of science can be in one sense a gradual asymptotic approach to the physical reality of the world out there and at the same time can be one damned thing after another. When philosophy helps us to realize that complicated ideas are really simple, historians reciprocate by taking simple and logical intellectual transitions in the past and making them complicated. This evening the marriage of philosophy and history is being mediated by sociology, and in a way that seems to me thoughtful and scrupulous toward both bride and groom.
Pre- and Post-Weaning Milk Consumption Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Rats

Abstract Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given milk or water as their drinking fluid during the last third of their pregnancy and after birth of their pups. At 30 days of age offspring were placed on either milk or water yielding four groups: suckled to milk drinking dam, weaned to water or milk (milk-water and milk-milk) or weaned to water drinking dam, placed on water or milk (water-water, water-milk). After 5 weeks, rats were killed and serum and liver lipids, cholesterol absorption and activity of hepatic enzymes of lipid metabolism were determined. Rats drinking milk obtained more calories from fluid and less from solid food. Pups suckled to water drinking dams weighed significantly less at weaning but gained more weight during the post-weaning period. The milk-water group ingested fewer calories than the other three. There were no significant differences in serum or liver lipids among the four groups. Cholesterol absorption was higher in the two groups suckled to milk-drinking dams, who excreted about 40% less fecal neutral steroid and 30% less acidic steroid. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was similar in all groups but cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity was 180% higher in rats suckled to water-drinking dams. Hepatic fatty acid synthesis activity was elevated in rats given water in the post-weaning period regardless of the dam's drinking regimen. The data suggest that milk affects aspects of lipid metabolism in young rats in a complex fashion. The drinking regimen of both the dam and the pups determines the observed effect. While serum and liver lipid levels are not altered, cholesterol absorption, degradation and fatty acid synthesis are affected significantly. Cholesterol absorption is lowest and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity is highest in pups suckled to water-drinking dams regardless of their post-weaning regimen. Fatty acid synthetase is highest is pups given water regardless of the maternal drinking fluid.
Abstract 457: Blockade of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Reverses Renal Fibrosis in Npr1 Gene-Disrupted Mice

Binding of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to its guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA) exerts diverse physiological effects by lowering the blood pressure and blood volume. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of blockade of nuclear factor-kappa B, inhibitory kappa B kinase, and inhibitory kappa B alpha (NF-κB, IKK, IκBα) in the kidneys of Npr1 (coding for GC-A/NPRA) gene-disrupted mice. The disruption of Npr1 greatly stimulated the renal NF-κB binding activity by 6-fold (57.12 ± 3.35 vs 9.42 ± 0.92), IKK activity by 8-fold (56.05 ± 3.83 vs 6.85 ± 0.90), and IκBα phosphorylation by 11-fold (46.67 ± 1.32 vs 4.15 ±0.58), respectively, in the kidneys of null mutant (-/-; 0-copy) mice as compared with wild-type (+/+; 2-copy) mice. Interestingly, the expression levels of IκBα were reduced by 80% (5.35 ± 0.58 vs 31.64 ± 1.13) and pro-inflammatory cytokines and renal fibrosis were enhanced by 6- to 8-fold and 5-fold (32.58 ±2.06 vs 5.85 ± 0.91), respectively, in 0-copy mice than 2-copy mice. However, the treatment of 0-copy mice with NF-κB inhibitors, andrographolide, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and etanercept showed a substantial reduction in renal fibrosis by 50% (14.09 ± 2.13, 18.01 ± 1.69, and 15.88 ± 0.70, respectively), attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression by 60-65%, IKK activity by 60% (25.37 ± 2.22, 22.67 ± 2.23, and 19.21 ± 2.50), and IkBα phosphorylation by 65-70% (19.68 ± 1.35, 24.67 ± 1.44, 16.62 ± 1.42), respectively. Our findings demonstrate that the disruption of Npr1 activates NF-κB activity, expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, and renal fibrosis in 0-copy mice. However, the treatments with NF-kB inhibitors suppress NF-kB activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines and repairs the fibrosis in the kidneys of Npr1 null mutant mice. The present results suggest that the blockade of NF-kB activity provides protective effects against the inflammatory and fibrotic responses in the kidney.
Role of Cyclic Nucleotides in the Regulation of Intestinal Ion Transport

The active absorption and secretion of Na+, Cl- and HCO3 - by the small intestine can be regulated by hormones and agents such as cholera toxin that simulate the action of hormones. The role of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in secretion is generally acknowledged and has been the subject of many studies. Less attention has thus far been devoted to the oppositely directed effects of a-adrenergic agonists which, at least in vitro, are as large in magnitude as those of cAMP. Recent studies raise the possibility that cyclic 3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) may be an intracellular effector for the a-adrenergic enhancement of active Na+ and Cl~ absorption. Our understanding of the mechanisms involved in cAMP-mediated secretion and a-adrenergic-stimulated absorption is still very incomplete. Since both processes involve, in part at least, coupled movements of monovalent anion and Na+, they may represent the two extremes of a single process. On the other hand, despite this particular similarity, the mechanisms involved may be quite different. This paper attempts to summarise present knowledge about these processes and attempts to define more clearly the role of cyclic nucleotides in regulating these processes. In particular, measurements of ion fluxes are related to measurements of tissue cyclic nucleotide levels and the problems involved in making such correlations are discussed.
Dynamics of a Quasiperiodically-Forced Mathieu Oscillator

Mathieu’s equation [6], $$ \ddot x\, + \,(\delta \,\, + \,\,\varepsilon \,\cos \,t)\,x\, = \,0, $$ (1) is the paradigm for problems in parametric excitation in which an autonomous linear structure is driven by a periodic forcer, usually in a direction perpendicular to the direction of motion (e.g., the vertically forced pendulum, dynamic buckling of an elastic column, water waves in a vertically driven channel).
Noll’s Simple Material

Following Noll (1958) one abstracts the appropriate essential features from examples such as those of Chapter 5 so as to construct a general theory. Noll’s axioms for stress constitutive relations are discussed, namely the principles of determinism, local action, material indifference to rigid transformation, and material frame indifference. Noll’s simple material is discussed, the stress constitutive function is reduced by material indifference and by polar decomposition, and an important class of homogeneous universal deformations is discussed. A brief introduction is given on variational principles of continuum mechanics. The development is patterned after that of Truesdell & Noll (1965) and Truesdell (1966b, 1977).
An Alternative to Microvials for Mounting Insect Genitalia

A dry-mount procedure for preparation of extracted insect ♂ genitalia is discussed. Genitalia so prepared take up considerably less space than do genitalia in a microvial and can be examined much more readily.
Anatomy and surgical treatment of the depressor septi nasi muscle: a systematic review.

Background Although the majority of nasal alterations in rhinoplasty result from either augmentation or reduction of bone and cartilaginous substructure, modifications of influential soft-tissue provide significant contribution to the final result. The depressor septi nasi muscle is a soft-tissue structure well known to influence the final result in rhinoplasty. The objective of this study was to perform a standardized, comprehensive review of relevant data published with regard to the depressor septi nasi muscle. Methods A comprehensive search of the terms "depressor septi muscle" and "depressor septi nasi muscle" was performed using the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases. Articles were reviewed for relevancy and included if criteria were met. A secondary review was performed of all articles cited, to maximize diligence. Results Forty-three articles were identified in the initial search. Thirteen of the 43 were found to meet inclusion criteria. Secondary search revealed additional studies meeting inclusion criteria. Altogether, there were 175 cadaver specimens and 821 surgically treated patients for which data were available. Anatomical reports and nomenclature were found to vary. Surgical approach and muscle treatment diverged, with objective data showing no superior method. Conclusions Although variation exists in anatomical reports regarding the depressor septi nasi muscle, the prevailing thought is that it originates from the maxilla and/or orbicularis oris muscle. More importantly, the muscle inserts on the medial crura and adjacent soft tissue. Disruption of this relationship provides the basis for surgical treatment of tip descent on animation.
THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ON THE MATING BEHAVIOR OF SEVEN SPECIES OF THE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER SPECIES GROUP

Philip, Rendel, Spurway and Haldane (1944) and Rendel (1945) found that Drosophila subobscura Collins cultures could not be maintained in a dark place because matings did not occur in the species in the absence of light. Wallace and Dobzhansky (1946) investigated the mating behavior of D. subobscura, D. pseudoobscura Frolova and D. persimilis Dobzhansky and Epling in the light, in total darkness, and in red light. Although D. persimilis and D. pseudoobscura were found to court freely in all three situations, they confirmed the previous findings that D. subobscura would not copulate in the dark, nor did the males even court in the red light. D. subobscura females, however, were inseminated by both D. persimilis and D. pseudoobscura males when isolated with them in the dark. The reciprocal crosses never gavc any inseminations and direct observation in red light showed that the D. subobscura males never courted. Previous to the publication of Wallace and Dobzhansky's findings, one of us (T. C. H.), working with Mr. T. T. Lit at Chekiang University, Hangchow, China. discovered that Drosophila auraria Peng a member of the melanogaster species
Lossless integrated dirac-cone metamaterials

Zero-index metamaterials exhibit inherent losses due to poor confinement. We present a 2D photonic crystal that achieves isotropic impedance-matched zero-index propagation, but suffers no material or radiation loss due to a bound-state in the continuum.
Die Attach Epoxy Delamination Study on Low RDs(on) Device

Delamination or separations between surfaces of die attach epoxy and leadframe has become a barrier for Molded Leadless Package (MLP) to meet Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) 1 requirement as per JEDEC standard. Besides, Mosfet devices that require low static Drain-Source On-State resistance RDs(on) and thermal resistance performance are significantly affected if the delamination is observed between the epoxy and die attach paddle (DAP). Hence, an evaluation has been carried out with two set of different materials combination namely epoxies (Epoxy A & B) and different surface treatment of leadframe (LF X & Y). MLP package with body size of 5x6 mm sq has been selected as test vehicle because of its low RDs(on) and MSL 1@260degC requirement. Objective of this evaluation is to fulfill these two requirements while to ensure there is no delam between epoxy and DAP layers. In this evaluation, package is reflowed at 260degC and subjected to 500 temperature cycles. Scanning Acoustic Tomography (SAT) and electrical test are used to check for package delamination and Rdson value respectively. Results show that only combination of LF Y and Epoxy B shows no package delamination and meeting Rdson values.
Slam Poetry: An Artistic Resistance Toward Identity, Agency, and Activism

ABSTRACTIn this essay, the authors present experiences as writers (poets), thinkers, and activists to explicate the literary genre of slam poetry and its affordances as an artistic resistance toward the end of identity, agency, and activism. These areas of development are critical for youth because they are beginning to be navigated and established during adolescence. As youth engage in individual identity formation and define their values in relation to the world around them, slam has the potential to act as a vehicle for that exploration. Through the sharing of a dialogic exchange about slam poetry, the authors discuss the purpose and power of language and provide considerations for ways in which this out-of-school literacy act can be transferred into classroom spaces with youth. This work is timely; the need for youth to make sense of their worlds is an urgent compulsion and English language arts instruction needs a major shift to focus on criticality as much as schools currently focus on skills and pr...
Ethical Presentations of Data: Tufte and the Morton-Thiokol Engineers

It seems commonly assumed that presenting data is value-neutral. The data is what it is, and it is for those assessing it to make judgments of value. So a chart of earnings just tells us what a company has earned. The chart does not tell us whether the earnings are a good or bad sign. That valuation is to be made by those looking at the chart and is independent of the chart itself.
Executive Compensation and Corporate Risk Taking: Evidence from Private Loan Contracts

We study how FAS 123R affects the cost of bank loans. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that spreads on loans to firms that did not expense options before FAS 123R (treated firms) decrease significantly after FAS 123R relative to firms that either did not issue stock options or voluntarily adopted fair value accounting for stock options before 123R (control firms). We also find that loans taken by the treated firms are less likely to contain collateral requirements and are less likely to have covenants restricting capital investment post-FAS 123R. Taken together, our results suggest FAS 123R reduces firms’ cost of debt due to reduced agency costs of debt over CEOs’ risk taking.
Improving access to alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy and treatment in primary care settings

Despite the high prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), in a given year, only 12.1% of those meeting diagnostic criteria receive any treatment. Most individuals with AUDs are identified in primary care settings and referred to substance use disorders clinics, however only a minority attend treatment services. Developing options for treatment within primary care settings may increase receipt of services for AUDs. Safe and effective pharmacological treatments exist that could be integrated into primary care settings. This study will refine, implement and evaluate an intervention to integrate AUD treatment options, particularly pharmacological options, into primary care settings in three large Veterans Health Administration facilities. The current paper will present the implementation and evaluation strategies and the results of the developmental portion of the formative evaluation (FE). The implementation intervention targets multiple stakeholders: 1) substance use disorder and primary care mental health integration providers trained as local implementation leaders, 2) primary care providers who will have access to consultation, educational materials, a dashboard of patients with AUD on their caseload, and feedback on their prescribing practices, and 3) Veterans diagnosed with AUD who will receive educational mailings. Evaluation methods will combine FE with an interrupted time series to monitor change in facility level prescribing rate. The developmental FE consists of interviews with the local implementation leaders, primary care providers, and Veterans with AUD diagnoses. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) informed the development of the interview guides. Qualitative analysis will identify CFIR constructs that function as significant barriers and facilitators to implementation success and results will be used to refine the intervention plan. The findings will advance implementation science by demonstrating the use of theory to inform refinement of an implementation intervention and will contribute to accumulating knowledge regarding the relevance of specific CFIR constructs to implementation success.
Sociodemographic Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Patients Using Prescription Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that has a substantial economic impact on patients. Patients with RA are at an increased risk for disability and for loss of income. The inclusion of biologic drugs in RA therapy has increased the cost of treatment. Little is known about the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and the out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures for prescription drugs for patients with RA, including biologics, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and analgesics. OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, personal characteristics, and OOP expenditures associated with RA prescription medications. A secondary objective was to measure the average OOP expenditures for different therapeutic classes of RA medications, including biologics, DMARDs, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and analgesics. METHODS In this retrospective analysis of Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data from 2009 to 2012, we identified a patient sample of 1090 adults with RA, which represented approximately 9.71 million patients in the MEPS database. The total OOP expenditure was calculated based on the OOP expenditure for each prescription drug corresponding to an individual. Patient variables included age, race, sex, insurance status, number of comorbid conditions, region, area of living, annual family income, and marital status. Logistic regression and generalized linear models were used for analysis. The mean OOP expenditure for therapeutic classes was estimated using nonparametric percentiles from 1000 cluster bootstrap estimates. RESULTS Overall, the mean annual OOP expenditure was $273.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], $197.07-$364.75). The OOP expenditures were lower for privately insured (0.31; 95% CI, 0.21-0.45) patients and publicly insured (0.18; 95% CI, 0.12-0.27) patients versus uninsured patients, and for poor (0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.84) and low-income (0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.97) patients versus high-income patients. The mean annual OOP expenditure decreased with age (0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99), was lower (0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.92) for male patients than for female patients, and increased with the presence of comorbidities (1.16; 95% CI, 1.07-1.25). The average annual OOP expenditure was highest for biologics ($2556.73), followed by DMARDs ($89.37). The average annual OOP expenditures were $27.97, $52.36, and $72.51 for corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and narcotic analgesics, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Age, sex, race, income level, insurance status, and comorbidity status significantly affected patient OOP expenditure. Higher OOP expenditures among the uninsured, female patients, patients with low income levels, and patients with several comorbidities could adversely affect RA therapy. The use of expensive biologics needs to be monitored to reduce prescription-related cost-sharing among patients with RA.
Corrections to “Fundamental Efficiency Limits for Small Metallic Antennas” [Apr 17 1642-1650]

In [1] , it was stated that “An attempt to establish bounds on the maximum achievable gain and efficiency using a “loss merit factor” is reported in [2] . However, the results are clearly unphysical, since a single turn loop antenna can surpass these fundamental limits when $ka\ll 1$ ” [3] .
Enhancing polymer thermoelectric performance using radical dopants

Abstract Organic thermoelectric materials provide a means to reclaim, in part, potentially lost energy through a solid-state process that converts low-value thermal gradients (in the form of heat) to electricity; however, a new avenue towards improving the performance of these emerging thermoelectric materials must be brought to light before their widespread implementation becomes warranted. Here, we develop a blend of open-shell small molecules and closed-shell, conjugated polymers in order to evaluate how the chemical composition of the distinct open-shell, charge-neutral molecular dopants impacts the thermoelectric performance of a common hole-transporting (p-type) polymer semiconductor, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). In doing so, we are able to increase the electrical conductivity of the P3HT composite both with and without affecting the oxidation state of the polymer. Specifically, the electrical conductivity of the conjugated polymer increases without changing the oxidation state of the P3HT when the preferentially-oxidized species 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical is incorporated into the hole-conducting thin film. Moreover, the inclusion of the preferentially-reduced galvinoxyl (GAV) radical also increases the electrical conductivity of the thin film; however, this small molecule dopant changes the oxidation state of the P3HT moiety. The ability to achieve the gains in the electrical conductivity of P3HT with the TEMPO radical in a manner that is independent of its oxidation state was confirmed using optical spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and x-ray diffraction techniques. Importantly, this ability to enhance the electrical conductivity of P3HT in a manner that is independent of the oxidation state of the polymer provides a means to circumvent the oft-observed inverse relationship between the electrical conductivity and thermopower of the semiconducting polymer, and this combined effect allows for an ∼170-fold increase for the TEMPO-containing composites compared to a ∼70-fold increase for the GAV-containing composites. Thus, the described phenomena for charge-neutral radical dopants provides a set of critical design parameters for future polymer thermoelectric materials and composites, and it opens a new pathway towards high-performance organic thermoelectric devices.
A Comparative Study of Anomaly Detection Schemes in Network Intrusion Detection.

Intrusion detection corresponds to a suite of techniques that are used to identify attacks against computers and network infrastructures. Anomaly detection is a key element of intrusion detection in which perturbations of normal behavior suggest the presence of intentionally or unintentionally induced attacks, faults, defects, etc. This paper focuses on a detailed comparative study of several anomaly detection schemes for identifying different network intrusions. Several existing supervised and unsupervised anomaly detection schemes and their variations are evaluated on the DARPA 1998 data set of network connections [9] as well as on real network data using existing standard evaluation techniques as well as using several specific metrics that are appropriate when detecting attacks that involve a large number of connections. Our experimental results indicate that some anomaly detection schemes appear very promising when detecting novel intrusions in both DARPA’98 data and real network data.
Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Endovascular Reperfusion Therapy in a Patient with Acute Internal Carotid Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusions

Background Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is known to be a rare but devastating complication of carotid artery revascularization. Because patients with acute ischemic stroke due to acute major cerebral and/or cervical artery occlusion treated with endovascular reperfusion therapy may have impaired autoregulation in the cerebral vasculature, these patients may also develop CHS. Despite the growing number of endovascular reperfusion procedures for acute ischemic stroke, this complication has only rarely been reported. Case Description A 77-year-old man developed acute cerebral infarction as the result of occlusions of the right internal carotid artery and right middle cerebral artery. After systemic intravenous injection of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, endovascular reperfusion therapy was initiated. The occluded arteries were successfully recanalized with thrombectomy by using a stent retriever for the middle cerebral artery and stent placement for the origin of the internal carotid artery. However, head computed tomography obtained 12 hours after treatment showed acute intracranial hemorrhage that did not involve the ischemic lesions. Under evaluation with transcranial near-infrared spectroscopy and single-photon emission computed tomography, the hemorrhage was considered to have been caused by CHS after reperfusion therapy. Conclusions CHS may lead to unfavorable outcomes after reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Recognizing clinical deterioration caused by CHS can be challenging in patients with neurologic disorders of acute ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is important to perform routine monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation by using near-infrared spectroscopy, perform single-photon emission computed tomography promptly to evaluate cerebral blood flow, and maintain strict antihypertensive therapy to prevent CHS after reperfusion therapy.
Examining student perceptions of an inter-institutional interprofessional stroke simulation activity.

Integration of interprofessional educational (IPE) activities into health professions’ curricula aims to promote collaborative practice with a goal of improving patient care. An interprofessional s...
Outcomes of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Newly Recommended for Oral Anticoagulation Under the 2014 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Rhythm Society Guideline

Background In March 2014, the American Heart Association updated their guidelines for the management of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in atrial fibrillation, recommending OAC for all patients with CHA 2 DS 2 ‐VASc ≥2. Previously, only patients with CHADS 2 ≥2 were recommended for anticoagulation. This study compared effectiveness and safety outcomes of OAC among patients who would receive OAC using the 2014 guidelines but not the 2011 guidelines. Methods and Results Using claims data from a 5% sample of 2013–2014 Medicare beneficiaries, we identified patients with initially diagnosed atrial fibrillation between 2013 and 2014 and selected those who would receive OAC under the 2014 guidelines but not the 2011 guidelines (those with CHA 2 DS 2 ‐VASc score ≥2 or CHADS 2 score Conclusions The benefit of OAC is not well defined in this patient population, and new studies that minimize residual confounding are needed to fully understand the risk/benefit of OAC in patients with atrial fibrillation and low to moderate stroke risk.
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: One family’s story

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an inherited form of gastric cancer that carries a poor prognosis. Most HDGCs are caused by an autosomal dominant genetic mutation in the CDH1 gene, which carries a 70%-80% lifetime risk of gastric cancer. Given its submucosal origin, endoscopic surveillance is an unreliable means of early detection, and prophylactic gastrectomy is recommended for CDH1 positive individuals older than age 20 years. We describe the case of a male with recurrent gastric cancer who was diagnosed with HDGC secondary to the CDH1 mutation, and we also describe the patient's pedigree and outcomes of recommended genetic testing.
Stephen Hawking: To Understand the Universe

A brief remembrance of some aspects of the author's scientific interaction with Stephen Hawking. A contribution to Physics Today's March 14, 2018 web page in which Stephen Hawking is remembered by his colleagues.
Residential Consumer-Centric Demand-Side Management Based on Energy Disaggregation-Piloting Constrained Swarm Intelligence: Towards Edge Computing

The emergence of smart Internet of Things (IoT) devices has highly favored the realization of smart homes in a down-stream sector of a smart grid. The underlying objective of Demand Response (DR) schemes is to actively engage customers to modify their energy consumption on domestic appliances in response to pricing signals. Domestic appliance scheduling is widely accepted as an effective mechanism to manage domestic energy consumption intelligently. Besides, to residential customers for DR implementation, maintaining a balance between energy consumption cost and users’ comfort satisfaction is a challenge. Hence, in this paper, a constrained Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based residential consumer-centric load-scheduling method is proposed. The method can be further featured with edge computing. In contrast with cloud computing, edge computing—a method of optimizing cloud computing technologies by driving computing capabilities at the IoT edge of the Internet as one of the emerging trends in engineering technology—addresses bandwidth-intensive contents and latency-sensitive applications required among sensors and central data centers through data analytics at or near the source of data. A non-intrusive load-monitoring technique proposed previously is utilized to automatic determination of physical characteristics of power-intensive home appliances from users’ life patterns. The swarm intelligence, constrained PSO, is used to minimize the energy consumption cost while considering users’ comfort satisfaction for DR implementation. The residential consumer-centric load-scheduling method proposed in this paper is evaluated under real-time pricing with inclining block rates and is demonstrated in a case study. The experimentation reported in this paper shows the proposed residential consumer-centric load-scheduling method can re-shape loads by home appliances in response to DR signals. Moreover, a phenomenal reduction in peak power consumption is achieved by 13.97%.
Introduction to the Complexity of Cell Surface and Tissue Matrix Glycoconjugates

This chapter provides an overview of structures and functions of complex carbohydrates (commonly called glycans) that are covalently linked to proteins or lipids to form glycoconjugates known as glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. To understand the complexity of the glycan structures, the nature of their monosaccharide building blocks, how the monomeric units are covalently linked to each other, and how the resulting glycans are attached to proteins or lipids are discussed. Then, the classification, nomenclature, structural features, and functions of the glycan moieties of animal glycoconjugates are briefly described. All three classes of glycoconjugates are constituents of plasma membranes of all animal cells, including those of the nervous system. Glycoproteins and, particularly, proteoglycans are also found abundantly as constituents of tissue matrices. Additionally, glycan-rich mucin glycoproteins are the major constituents of mucus secretions of epithelia of various organs. Furthermore, the chapter draws attention to the incredible structural complexity and diversity of the glycan moieties of cell surface and extracellular glycoconjugates. Finally, the involvement of the glycans as informational molecules in a wide range of essential functions in almost all known biological processes, which are crucial for development, differentiation, and normal functioning of animals, is discussed.
Timing Analysis of Sequential Circuits

A general sequential circuit is a network of computational nodes (gates) and memory elements (registers). The computational nodes may be conceptualized as being clustered together in an acyclic network of gates that forms a combinational logic circuit. A cyclic path in the direction of signal propagation is permitted in the sequential circuit only if it contains at least one register. In general, it is possible to represent any sequential circuit in terms of the schematic shown in Figure 2.1, which has I inputs, O outputs and M registers. The registers outputs feed into the combinational logic which, in turn, feeds the register inputs. Thus, the combinational logic has I + M inputs and O + M outputs.
Task allocation for multi-agent systems in dynamic environments

Multi-agent systems are frequently used in real world applications, with an increasing amount of agents and complexity. In order to accomplish the goals of the system, agents must cooperate using limited communication and knowledge of the environment. Task allocation for multi-agent systems in itself is a difficult problem and when both the tasks and the environment are dynamic, a robust yet efficient coordination is required. My thesis explores the use coalition formation and complexity reducing mappings to accomplish task allocation for multi-agent systems in difficult environments.
IDENTIFYING RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FACTORS IN IS IMPLEMENTATION

Information systems (IS) researchers find a large number of factors are related to the effectiveness of IS implementations; however, many researchers also lament the lack of theoretical relationships among the factors. In addition, recent studies of IS implementation produced conflicting results regarding the relative importance and manageability of IS implementation factors. To address these issues, we encourage researchers to think “out-of-thebox” as we propose a new way of viewing the traditional IS implementation factors. The nature of the relationships among the factors is analogous to Maslow’s generally accepted theories of individual motivation in which certain factors are necessary but not sufficient conditions for given levels of achievement.
Eigenvectors of random matrices

Eigenvectors of large matrices (and graphs) play an essential role in combinatorics and theoretical computer science. The goal of this survey is to provide an up-to-date account on properties of eigenvectors when the matrix (or graph) is random.
Results from a Precise Photogrammetric Densification of Urban Control Network

Adjustment of a photogrammetric block located in the city of Sudbury, Ontario, demonstrates that an accuracy of 2 cm in planimetric coordinates can be achieved using a minimum number of control poi...
Uncertainty analysis of energy and economic performances of hybrid solar photovoltaic and combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP + PV) systems using a Monte-Carlo method

Abstract This study examines the impacts of uncertainties in energy demands and solar resources on the energy and economic performances of hybrid solar photovoltaic and combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP + PV) systems with variations in PV penetration levels. This study investigates two models: a deterministic and stochastic model. The deterministic model uses hourly demands of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reference large office building in San Francisco, CA and solar irradiance profiles in the Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data as the independent variables. The stochastic model accounts for uncertainties in these independent variables using a Monte-Carlo method. The results show that regardless of PV penetration levels, the uncertainties in building energy demands and solar irradiance marginally influence the energy performance of CCHP + PV systems; however, they can notably increase annual operating costs up to $75,000 per year (13%). The annual cost increase is mainly attributed to a significant increase in demand charges (up to $79,000 per year). The demand charges tend to increase with higher uncertainties in the peak demand. The results suggest that in cases of the demand charge being responsible for a large portion in electricity bills (i.e., demand tariffs), a deterministic model tends to underestimate operating costs of CCHP + PV systems or other analogous distributed energy systems compared to a stochastic model. The errors with the deterministic model can become more extreme when demand charges outweigh energy charges.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy.

Background Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is becoming an increasingly popular technique for the treatment of brain lesions. More minimally invasive that open craniotomy for lesion resection, LITT may be more appropriate for lesions that are harder to access through an open approach, deeper lesions, and for patients who may not tolerate open surgery. Methods A search of the current primary literature on LITT for brain lesions on PubMed was performed. These studies were reviewed and updates on the radiological, pathological, and long-term outcomes after LITT for brain metastases, primary brain tumors, and radiation necrosis as well as common complications are included. Results Larger extent of ablation and LITT as frontline treatment were potential predictors of favorable progression-free and overall survival for primary brain tumors. In brain metastases, larger extent of ablation was more significantly associated with survival benefit, whereas tumor size was a possible predictor. The most common complications after LITT are transient and permanent weakness, cerebral edema, hemorrhage, seizures, and hyponatremia. Conclusions Although the current literature is limited by small sample sizes and primarily retrospective studies, LITT is a safe and effective treatment for brain lesions in the correct patient population.
Doubly-stochastic mining for heterogeneous retrieval.

Modern retrieval problems are characterised by training sets with potentially billions of labels, and heterogeneous data distributions across subpopulations (e.g., users of a retrieval system may be from different countries), each of which poses a challenge. The first challenge concerns scalability: with a large number of labels, standard losses are difficult to optimise even on a single example. The second challenge concerns uniformity: one ideally wants good performance on each subpopulation. While several solutions have been proposed to address the first challenge, the second challenge has received relatively less attention. In this paper, we propose doubly-stochastic mining (S2M ), a stochastic optimization technique that addresses both challenges. In each iteration of S2M, we compute a per-example loss based on a subset of hardest labels, and then compute the minibatch loss based on the hardest examples. We show theoretically and empirically that by focusing on the hardest examples, S2M ensures that all data subpopulations are modelled well.
Eastern European Immigrants in the Spanish Crisis Novel: Crematorio by Rafael Chirbes and La carne by Rosa Montero

Crematorio by Rafael Chirbes (2007) and La carne by Rosa Montero (2016) belong to the expanding genre of the Spanish crisis novel that arose in response to the global economic crisis of 2007–2009. The novels’ protagonists realize that neoliberalism is eroding the institutions associated with the welfare state model. These characters attempt to exorcise the anxieties that the crisis awakens in them by projecting them onto Eastern European immigrants, whom they associate with the depredations of savage capitalism in their countries of origin. Rather than casualties of globalization, immigrants are seen as emissaries of the new economic order that fosters fluidity and rootlessness, and are blamed for the hardship created by the structures of exploitation that are implicit within late capitalism.
Street Fights in Copenhagen: Bicycle and Car Politics in a Green Mobility City

In contemporary urban planning, Copenhagen, Denmark, looms large as a model for how cities can undo the environmental, economic, and social damage wrought by the automobile era and restore streets ...
Lack of association between contralateral inhibition of otoacoustic emissions and vowel formant discrimination in noise

The medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex enhances neural encoding of signals in noise, and measurement of its function may hold clinical utility. Previous research on how the reflex aids speech-in-noi...
ONE-DIMENSIONAL STEADY GAS–SOLID FLOW

This chapter discusses the steady gas–solid flow in one-dimension. The friction coefficients between the fluid and the solid are obtained from standard correlations with negligible acceleration. The momentum balance for the mixture shows that the total pressure drop, d P /d x , can be computed as the sum of the total contributions because of the momentum of the gas and the solid. Furthermore, in dense flow or in dilute flow with a layer of solid at the wall, this pressure drop may have to be corrected for the effect of the normal solids stress transmitted by the contact of solid particles. The chapter illustrates the decomposition of the total pressure drop in the developed region into the individual contributions because of the weight of the bed, gas, and solid wall friction for the case of Luo's (1987) data. The volume fraction of solids was measured by means of the calibrated X-ray densitometer. The solids concentration was increased by decreasing the gas velocity. This minimum occurs due to the fact that as the velocity increases and the solids volume fraction decreases, the pressure drop due to wall friction increases with velocity of the gas. Such a minimum is a characteristic feature of many other vertical multiphase flow systems. The difference between the total pressure drop and that due to weight of solids should be friction. The existence of such a layer of solids was confirmed by high-speed photography and by measuring radial solids distributions.