cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maximum margin GMM learning for facial expression recognition

Expression recognition from non-frontal faces is a challenging research area with growing interest. In this paper, we explore discriminative learning of Gaussian Mixture Models for multi-view facial expression recognition. Adopting the BoW model from image categorization, our image descriptors are computed using Soft Vector Quantization based on the Gaussian Mixture Model. We do extensive experiments on recognizing six universal facial expressions from face images with a range of seven pan angles (-45°~+45°) and five tilt angles (-30°~+30°) generated from the BU-3dFE facial expression database. Our results show that our approach not only significantly improves the resulting classification rate over unsupervised training but also outperforms the published state-of-the-art results, when combined with Spatial Pyramid Matching.
Probing Behavior and Density of Monelliopsis pecanis, Monellia caryella, and Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Pecan Cultivars

The probing behavior and density of three aphids, Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell, Monellia caryella (Fitch), and Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis), were studied on 10 pecan cultivars. In a laboratory study, the three aphid species differed in their preference of probing sites on pecan leaflets, as indicated by the number of probes on each site. Pecan aphids showed varying degrees of preference for pecan cultivars. The results of probing behavior were largely consistent with observed aphid densities under field conditions. Because of high population levels and long probing durations of both species, ‘Shoshoni’, ‘Cheyenne’, and ‘Tejas’ were considered highly preferred by M. caryella and M. pecanis; ‘Oconee’, ‘Shoshoni’, ‘Cheyenne’, and ‘Gloria Grande’ were the most preferred cultivars by M. caryaefoliae . ‘Pawnee’ followed by ‘Cape Fear’ were considered the least preferred by the three aphid species as demonstrated by low infestation levels, high number of probes per observation period, and long nonprobing durations. The three aphid species showed less degree of nonpreference for ‘Kiowa’, ‘Western Schley’, and the selection 61-6-67 than for ‘Pawnee’ and ‘Cape Fear’. A cultivar preferred by one aphid species was not necessarily preferred by another aphid species.
Evolution of Grain Structure during Disorder-to-Order Transitions in a Block Copolymer/Salt Mixture Studied by Depolarized Light Scattering

Block copolymer/lithium salt mixtures are promising materials for lithium battery electrolytes. The growth of ordered lamellar grains after a block copolymer electrolyte was quenched from the disordered state to the ordered state was studied by depolarized light scattering. Three quench depths below the order-to-disorder transition temperature were studied: 6, 12, and 24 °C. Regardless of quench depth, elongated ellipsoidal grains with aspect ratios between six and eight were formed during the initial stage of order formation. This was followed by a rapid reduction in aspect ratio; at long times, isotropic grains with aspect ratios in the vicinity of unity were obtained. Unusual grain growth kinetics were observed at all quench depths: (1) The average grain volume decreased with time after the early stage of grain growth. To our knowledge, a decrease in grain size has never been observed before in any quenched block copolymer system. (2) The volume fraction occupied by ordered grains of the shallowest que...
A facile construction of the 2,9-dioxabicyclo-[3.3.1]- non-7-en-6-one ring system: A model for tirandanycin.

Abstract The bicyclic oxygenated ring system present in tirandamycin is readily constructed from a furan precursor.
Absolute rate of recombination of CF3 radicals

Abstract The homogeneous rate of recombination of CF 3 radicals at 300 K was studied in a very-low-pressure photolysis flow reactor. The radicals were generated from CF 3 I by either CO 2 laser (1076 cm −1 or excimer laser (248 nm) photolysis. The precursor and product concentrations were followed by mass spectrometry. The recombination rate constant, K r , was measured as (3.0±0.4)×10 −12 cm 3 s −1 . A hindered Gorin transition-state model predicts that k r /k ∞ r is only 0.74 at the effective pressures employed. The model was used to fit these experiments at 300 K, as well as earlier experiments at ≈ 1000 K.
Task complexity, vertical display and user interaction in aggregated search

Aggregated search is the task of blending results from specialized search services or verticals into the Web search results. While many studies have focused on aggregated search techniques, few studies have tried to better understand how users interact with aggregated search results. This study investigates how task complexity and vertical display (the blending of vertical results into the web results) affect the use of vertical content. Twenty-nine subjects completed six search tasks of varying levels of task complexity using two aggregated search interfaces: one that blended vertical results into the web results and one that only provided indirect vertical access. Our results show that more complex tasks required significantly more interaction and that subjects completing these tasks examined more vertical results. While the amount of interaction was the same between interfaces, subjects clicked on more vertical results when these were blended into the web results. Our results also show an interaction between task complexity and vertical display; subjects clicked on more verticals when completing the more complex tasks with the interface that blended vertical results. Subjects' evaluations of the two interfaces were nearly identical, but when analyzed with respect to their interface preferences, we found a positive relationship between system evaluations and individual preferences. Subjects justified their preference using similar rationales and their comments illustrate how the display itself can influence judgments of information quality, especially in cases when the vertical results might not be relevant to the search task.
Measurements of gaseous peroxides near the Grand Canyon—Implication for summertime visibility impairment from aqueous-phase secondary sulfate formation

Abstract Warm cloud processes in which dissolved peroxides and ozone oxidize SO2 to sulfate are important contributors to acidic sulfate deposition, and may also contribute to visibility impairment if the clouds evaporate prior to rainfall, e.g. under summer monsoonal conditions in the Southwest U.S.A. However, data from summer season gaseous peroxide measurements are sparse for this region, specifically in the area of the Grand Canyon National Park (GCNP). Results are reported herein from a gaseous peroxide measurement campaign at Meadview, AZ (between GCNP and various sources of S02 to the west and south) during July–August 1992. Total peroxide and H2O2 concentrations were measured by the concurrent coil collection/enzyme catalyzed fluorescent technique (Lazrus et al., 1986, Anal. Chem. 58, 594–597 Total gaseous peroxide levels observed were generally in the range of 1.0–5 ppbv. Results from measurements of peroxides are used with other preliminary data for ozone, SO2, temperature and humidity, and from other observations to estimate the potential contribution of in-cloud oxidation processes to visibility degradation due to increased sulfate levels. The data show that peroxide concentrations and estimated H2O2 concentrations nearly always exceeded SO2 levels at Meadview, indicating the absence of “oxidant limited” conditions in air in which clouds might be formed. Only modest quantities of aerosol sulfate (
Traumatic Acute Epidural Hematoma: Unrecognized High Lethality in Comatose Patients

A series of 51 comatose patients suffering traumatic epidural hematoma after closed head injury is reviewed. This prospective series was accumulated from the National Pilot Traumatic Coma Data Bank during a 2-year period and represents 9% of all patients entered into the Data Bank. The overall mortality was 41%, with 4% remaining in the vegetative state. Fifty per cent of these patients, all of whom were in coma, also had an associated intracerebral contusion. There was no difference in outcome with regard to sex, mode of injury, or the presence or absence of contusion or shift on the computed tomographic (CT) scan. The motor score immediately before operation was the most powerful preoperative predictor of outcome. Sixty-seven per cent or two-thirds of the patients with a motor score of 4, 5, or 6 on the Glasgow coma scale had a satisfactory outcome at last follow-up examination. In contrast, in patients with a motor score of 3 or less, two-thirds either died or remained in a vegetative state. The acute traumatic epidural hematoma is often lethal in the comatose patient. We recommend early evacuation of epidural hematomas, i.e., when they are first noted on the CT scan, rather than waiting for clinical motor deterioration.
Raman cooling imaging: Detecting single atoms near their ground state of motion

A new technique employing Raman sideband cooling is used to detect and cool single atoms trapped in optical tweezers which may have a significant impact on neutral-atom quantum computing, quantum simulations, and quantum-gas microscope experiments.
College and University Foodservice Perceptions of Employee Training on Productivity and Turnover

Abstract Three major types of training--orientation, skill based and growth and development--may be used to change employee performance. Employee training is common in college and university foodservice but its impact on productivity and turnover is not well defined. A survey instrument was developed to assess differences between training for part-time and full-time employees and to determine if training programs were effective in reducing turnover and increasing productivity. After piloting, the revised survey was mailed to 528 National Association of College and University Foodservices (NACUFS) Directors. Two hundred eighty eight surveys were returned and 264 were usable for data analysis. Continuous data was transformed using sin-arc sin procedure prior to general linear analysis and discrete data was analyzed using the Chi-Square procedure. Ninety eight percent of the organizations had some form of training with orientation the most common (85.6%). Sixty one percent reported using all three types of training. Training significantly increased retention and productivity of permanent part-time and temporary part-time employees. Participation in orientation and skill based training increased job tenure for permanent and temporary part-time employees. Management's commitment to training and training policies {budget money for training, training during work hours, offer retraining, recording critical incidents} significantly increased productivity and job tenure for permanent full-time employees. Promotion within the organization significantly reduced full-time employee turnover. Morale and productivity increased as a result of training for all three employee categories. For the full-time employee, training does not impact turnover but may address other employee needs such as recognition that are not being met by the organization. College and university food service directors may realize the greatest return on investment in training programs for permanent and temporary part-time employees.
Aging effects of nanoscale ceria in ceria-platinum composite electrodes for direct alcohol electro-oxidation

Abstract Nanocrystalline Pt/CeO 2 composite electrodes were fabricated to study the electrochemical oxidation of methanol and ethanol. The performance of the electrodes was tested as the ceria solutions aged over time. It was observed that the performance oscillated with time, suggesting that the catalytic behavior towards alcohol oxidation was greatly dependent on the aging of the particles. These results point to a great dependence of the catalytic effect on the redox state of the ceria particles.
Developing design tools for biological and biomedical applications of micro- and nano-technology

This short paper, an update of [75], is intended to provide a brief summary and extensive references on biological applications for micro- and nano-machining, as well as the computer-aided design challenges generated by those applications.
Temporal reward discounting in children, adolescents, and emerging adults during an experiential task

The goal of this study was to examine age effects on the ability/willingness to wait for large rewards in a real temporal reward discounting task from childhood to adulthood. Therefore, a real temporal discounting (TD) task was administered to children aged 6-12 (n = 39), adolescents aged 13-17 (n = 28), and young adults aged 18-19 (n = 55). Findings indicated that the cross-sectional development of TD followed a quadratic pattern across age groups, with adolescents choosing more often than children and adults to wait for the large delayed reward, resulting in reward-maximization. Various interpretations of this finding were offered, including a focus on reward maximization despite an immature ability to exert self-control, and flexible self-control which was high during this task as a result of strong motivation to maximize financial gains.
Effect of prolactin infusion on lactation, glucose kinetics, and pancreatic hormones in lactating goats.

To determine lactational and glucogenic responses to increased prolactin concentrations, five lactating dairy goats were used in a crossover design. Prolactin at .85 mg/h or placebo was infused on each of 8 consecutive d via jugular catheter for 14 h initiated 30 min after the a.m. milking. To examine the effect of treatments on glucose metabolism, goats were given a single isotope injection of [6-3H]glucose 2 h after initiation of treatment infusion on the final day of the treatment period. Milk yield and milk protein percentage were not affected by prolactin infusion; however, milk fat and SNF percentage were significantly decreased. No differences in dry matter intake and digestibility of the diet were observed. Prolactin increased plasma prolactin and decreased plasma glucagon concentrations, but did not affect plasma insulin or glucose concentrations. Although glucose pool size per kilogram of BW was significantly lower in the prolactin-treated group than in the control group, no difference in glucose turnover rate was observed.
Efficient and secure trust based Ad Hoc routing in MANET

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET)[1] is a self-configuring infrastructure less network of mobile devices connected by wireless. Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in any direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently. The use of wireless ad hoc networks also introduces additional security challenges that have to be dealt with. Efficient Trust based Ad Hoc Routing (ETAR) is an algorithm to provide secure routing in ad hoc mobile networks. We propose this scheme that has been drawn from a network of friends in real life scenarios. The algorithm works by sending challenges and sharing friend Lists to provide a list of trusted nodes to the source node through which data transmission finally takes place. The nodes in the friend list are rated on the basis of the amount of data transmission they accomplish and their friendship with other nodes in the network. The account of friendship of a node with other nodes in the network is obtained through the Share Your Friends process which is a periodic event in the network. As a result of this scheme of operation, the network is able to effectively [2]isolate the malicious nodes which are left with no role to play in the ad hoc network.
Stimuli-Responsive Micelles of Amphiphilic AMPS-b-AAL Copolymers in Layer-by-Layer Films

Aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used to synthesize poly(N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide) (PDMAPA) cationic homopolymers and micelle-forming, pH-responsive, amphiphilic diblock copolymers of poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate-block-N-acryloyl-L-alanine) (P(AMPS-b-AAL)). At low pH, the AAL blocks are protonated rendering them hydrophobic, whereas the AMPS blocks remain anionically charged because of the pendant sulfonate groups. Self-assembly results in core―shell micelles consisting of hydrophobic cores of AAL and negatively charged shells of AMPS. Using solutions of these micelles with anionic coronas and of the cationic homopolymer PDMAPA, layer-by-layer (LbL) films were assembled at low pH, maintaining the micelle structures. Several block copolymers with varying AMPS and AAL block lengths were synthesized and used in the formation of LbL films. The thickness and morphology of the films were examined using ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. The stimuli-responsive behavior can be triggered by submersion of the film in water at neutral pH to disrupt the micelles. This behavior was monitored by observing the decrease in film thickness and alteration of the film morphology. The micelles were also loaded with a model hydrophobic compound, pyrene, and incorporated into LbL films. The release of pyrene from the films was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy at varying pH values (1, 3, 5, and 7). As the pH of the solution increases, the rate of release increases.
Soil water repellency and infiltration in coarse-textured soils of burned and unburned sagebrush ecosystems

Millions of dollars are spent each year in the United States to mitigate the effects of wildfires and reduce the risk of flash floods and debris flows. Research from forested, chaparral, and rangeland communities indicate that severe wildfires can cause significant increases in soil water repellency resulting in increased runoff and erosion. Few data are available to document the effects of fire on the spatial and temporal variability in soil water repellency and potential impacts on infiltration and runoff on sagebrush-dominated landscapes. Soil water repellency, infiltration and runoff were assessed after two wildfires and one prescribed fire in three steep, sagebrush-dominated watersheds with coarse-textured soils. Water repellency was generally greater on unburned hillslopes and annual variability in water repellency had a greater impact on infiltration capacity than fire effects. The most significant impact of fire was canopy and ground cover removal on coppice microsites. Infiltration rates decreased on coppice microsites after fire even though soil water repellency was reduced. Fire-induced reduction in infiltration resulted from the combined effect of canopy and ground cover removal and the presence of naturally strong water repellent soils. Removal of ground cover likely increased the spatial connectivity of runoff areas from strongly water repellent soils. The results indicate that for coarse-textured sagebrush landscapes with high pre-fire soil water repellency, post-fire increases in runoff are more influenced by fire removal of ground and canopy cover than fire effects on soil water repellency and that the degree of these impacts may be significantly influenced by short-term fluctuations in water repellent soil conditions.
Protein Degradation: CUL-3 and BTB – Partners in Proteolysis

In early C. elegans embryos, the transition from meiosis to mitosis requires degradation of the MEI-1 protein. A novel class of SCF-like ubiquitin ligases has been identified that mediates this process. These ligases contain the CUL-3 scaffold at their core and use a BTB-domain protein in substrate recognition.
Efficient delivery of siRNA into cytokine-stimulated insulinoma cells silences Fas expression and inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis.

Fas/FasL interactions have been proposed as a potentially important mechanism mediating β-cell death in type 1 diabetes. Recent investigations suggest RNA interference, afforded by small interfering RNAs (siRNA), can provide specific and robust gene silencing in mammalian cells. The current study attempted to investigate the effects of silencing Fas expression with siRNA on Fas-mediated apoptosis in mouse insulinoma cells following cytokine incubation. Our results indicate that siRNA is capable of rapid inhibition of cytokine-induced Fas mRNA production and cell surface Fas protein. A complete suppression of the total Fas protein was only observed after prolonged incubation with siRNA, suggesting a slow turn-over of Fas protein. Moreover, siRNA significantly inhibited Fas-mediated β-cell apoptosis assessed by Caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling assays, the extent of which positively correlated with the level of cell surface Fas. These observations provide additional evidence supporting a role for the Fas-mediated pathway in β-cell destruction, and suggest that siRNA targeting Fas may be of therapeutic value in preventing type 1 diabetes and improving islet cell viability in transplantation.
Desorption electrospray ionization tissue imaging using heated nebulizing gas and high‐resolution accurate mass spectra

A new method for tissue imaging using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry is described. The technique utilizes a DESI source with a heated nebulizing gas and high-resolution accurate mass data acquired with an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The two-dimensional (2D) automated DESI ion source creates images using the ions that are collected under high-resolution conditions. The use of high-resolution mass detection significantly improves the image quality due to exclusion of interfering ions. The use of a heated nebulizing gas increases the signal intensity observed at lower gas pressure. The technique developed is highly compatible with soft tissue imaging due to the minimal surface destruction.
Jlamp: an amplifier-based fel in the jlab srf erl driver

Notional designs for energy-recovering linac (ERL)-driven high average power free electron lasers (FELs) often invoke amplifier-based architectures. To date, however, amplifier FELs have been limited in average power output to values several orders of magnitude lower than those demonstrated in optical-resonator based systems; this is due at least in part to the limited electron beam powers available from their driver accelerators. In order to directly contrast the performance available from amplifiers to that provided by high-power cavity-based resonators, we have developed a scheme to test an amplifier FEL in the JLab SRF ERL driver. We describe an accelerator system design that can seamlessly and non-invasively integrate a 10 m wiggler into the existing system and which provides, at least in principle, performance that would support high-efficiency lasing in an amplifier configuration. Details of the design and an accelerator performance analysis will be presented.
Case Reports: Leiomyoma of the Epididymis

ABSTRACT A case of leiomyoma of the epididymis is reported and the literature is reviewed.
Cultural Differences in Temporal Perceptions and its Application to Running Efficient Global Software Teams

Global software development has been found to be a difficult undertaking, in particular, when members of a single team are not co-located. Studies have looked at the impact of different cultural backgrounds, communication structures and temporal distance on the team's effectiveness. This research proposes to examine the impact of culturally based perceptions of time. A gap analysis is proposed to carry out this examination. The gap that will be measured is the gap between time-based attitudes and behavior in team unit A and team unit B where units A and B are part of the same team but are not co-located. These time-based attitudes and behavior will be compared to measures of team satisfaction and team effectiveness. A model of the impact of the temporal cultural differences and their effect on team performance is presented and the proposed research for testing this model is described
Electronic Publishing in Archaeology

Electronic publishing has currently achieved varying degrees of success in different academic disciplines. This article briefly reviews the exercise of electronic publishing in archaeology and introduces some major efforts in its development. By looking at the challenges and opportunities of these digital projects, the article attempts to pinpoint potential directions of development. An involvement of e-print repositories in supporting archaeological scholarly communication is proposed.
Bayesian fusion for maximum power output in hybrid wind-solar systems

We address the topic of a unified controller for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in distributed hybrid PV and wind energy systems. The power produced by a PV module depends on the solar irradiance and temperature. The power produced by a wind turbine depends on the wind speed. The maximum power controllers adaptively search and maintain operation at the maximum power point for changing irradiance and wind speed conditions, thus maximizing the system output power and consequently minimizing the overall system cost. Various conventional MPPT algorithms have been proposed for ideal conditions, few algorithms were derived to extract true maximum power under abrupt changes in wind speed and partial shading conditions. Very few algorithms have addressed the problem of very fast changes in wind speed and continuously varying shading. Under these dynamically changing conditions, the conventional MPPT controllers can't find the true MPP (global MPP) and are often track to a local one. In this work, results are obtained for a tracking algorithm based on Bayesian information fusion combined with swarm intelligence. Compared to state-of-the-art trackers, the system achieves global maximum power tracking and higher efficiency for hybrid systems with different optimal current, caused by continuously changing wind speed and uneven insolation.
Active Acquisition of Information for Diagnosis and Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Systems

This paper considers the problems of fault diagnosis and supervisory control in discrete event systems through the context of a new observation paradigm. For events that are considered observable, a cost is incurred each time a sensor is activated in an attempt to make an event observation. In such a situation the best strategy is to perform an "active acquisition" of information, i.e. to choose which sensors need to be activated based on the information state generated from the previous readings of the system. Depending on the sample path executed by the system, different sensors may be turned on or off at different stages of the process. We consider the active acquisition of information problem for both logical and stochastic discrete event systems. We consider three classes of increasing complexity: firstly, for acyclic systems where events are synchronized to clock ticks; secondly, for acyclic untimed systems; and lastly, for general cyclic automata. For each of these cases we define a notion of information state for the problem, determine conditions for the existence of an optimal policy, and construct a dynamic program to find an optimal policy where one exists. For large systems, a limited lookahead algorithm for computational savings is proposed.
Identifying the genotype behind the phenotype: a role model found in VKORC1 and its association with warfarin dosing.

Genotype–phenotype studies in pharmacogenomics promise to identify the genetic factors that contribute substantially to variation in individual drug response. While most genetic association studies have failed to deliver this promise, several recent examples serve as a reminder that these associations do exist and can be identified when investigated using well-designed studies. Here, we describe the path taken to identify the association between common vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 genetic variation and warfarin dosing in patients. We also describe the key elements that led the way, such as definition of the phenotype, confirmation of a genetic component, determination of biological plausibility and selection of genetic polymorphisms. We also describe several avenues that are yet to be explored for the specific vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 warfarin example that can also be generalized as future directions for many genetic association studies in pharmacogenomics. These futu...
ITER in perspective

The current International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) design features a 6-m major radius, a 2.15-m minor radius, and a 22-MA plasma current. About 330 V-s in the poloidal field system inductively drive the current for hundreds of seconds. About 125 MW of neutral-beam, lower-hybrid, and electron-cyclotron power are provided for steady-state current drive and heating. Because the ITER design must account for the fact that the tokamak database is not exact, a reasonably cautious approach must be taken. There are some benefits of such an approach: the chances of success are enhanced, ITER traverses most of the distance toward the size and power of a commercial reactor, and it may be capable of more performance than promised. By extending the operating rules to the maximum expected range, the fusion power may be increased such that the machine might be capable of simulating a small net energy condition. If so, then considerable progress could be made toward fusion-power applications. >
Choosing New Industrial Capacity: On-Site EXpansion, Branching, and Relocation

A manufacturing firm can increase its capacity through expansion at existing sites, opening new plants, or relocating to new, larger space. These options are in fact not very good substitutes for one another. This paper argues why one might be preferred to the others and supports its view of the capacity choice with detailed evidence from over 400 plants in New England.
Phylogeny and patterns of floral diversity in the genus Piper (Piperaceae).

With ∼1000 species distributed pantropically, the genus Piper is one of the most diverse lineages among basal angiosperms. To rigorously address the evolution of Piper we use a phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA based on a worldwide sample. Sequences from a total of 51 species of Piper were aligned to yield 257 phylogenetically informative sites. A single unrooted parsimony network suggested that taxa representing major geographic areas could potentially form three monophyletic groups: Asia, the South Pacific, and the Neotropics. The position of Pothomorphe was well supported among groups of New World taxa. Simultaneous phylogenetic analysis of an expanded alignment including outgroups suggested that taxa from the South Pacific and Asia formed a monophyletic group, provisionally supporting a single origin of dioecy. Within the Neotropical sister clade, resolution was high and strong bootstrap support confirmed the monophyly of several traditionally recognized infrageneric groups (e.g., Enckea [including Arctottonia], Ottonia, Radula, Macrostachys). In contrast, some of the species representing the highly polytypic subgroup Steffensia formed a clade corresponding to the previously recognized taxon Schilleria, while others were strongly associated with several of the more specialized groups of taxa. The distribution of putatively derived inflorescence and floral character states suggested that both umbellate and solitary axillary inflorescences have multiple origins. Reduction in anther number appears to be associated with highly packaged inflorescences or with larger anther primordia per flower, trends that are consistent with the suppression of later stages of androecial development.
Reaction Kinetics and Stereochemistry of Some Optically Active Transition Metal Complexes

Reaction of cobalt(III) complexes in anhydrous liquid ammonia under a variety of reaction conditions has led to the conclusion that the bimolecular inversion reaction reported earlier in ammonia for D*{Coen2Cl2]+ (in which D* indicates the absolute configuration of the optically active cis ion and en = ethylenediamine) (1) must compete with other reaction paths. The in — version path appears to be insignificant in cobalt(III)ions possessing large ligand field stabilizations. For example retention of configuration is almost complete for substitution of ammonia in D* {Coen2NH3Cl|2+ and the cor — responding bromo complex. The rates of all of the reactions are catalyzed by hydroxide or amide ion eventually yielding racemic products unless the reactions are quenched with ammonium ion almost immediately.
Effective employment screening practices

Considers the implication of poor recruitment for a company. lists the seven deadly hiring mistakes a firm can make and discusses the concept of negligent hiring and retention through poor checks.outlines the process of preemployment screening and presents a strategy for use. Addresses the issue of monitoring crime in the workplace and the associated ethics together with workplace violence. Emphasizes the need to check the legality of procedures.
Media use and adolescent psychological adjustment: an examination of gender differences.

This study examined media use and psychological adjustment (as indicated by depression and anxiety symptomatology) in a sample of 328 14- to 16-year-old adolescents. Primary goals of the study were to explore whether media use differs by gender, whether media use is related to adolescent psychological problems, and whether media use moderates the relationship between parental alcoholism and adolescent psychological adjustment. Adolescents were surveyed in the spring of 2006, and again one year later. Gender differences in media use were observed with boys spending more time playing video games than girls and girls spending more time talking on the phone than boys. Strikingly, none of the types of media examined was associated with depression or anxiety. Moreover, media use acted as a protective factor for boys. Boys who spent relatively more time playing video games and watching television had the lowest levels of anxiety, especially those from alcoholic homes. The opposite pattern emerged for girls.
Multifocal Gastric Carcinoid Tumor in a Patient with Pernicious Anemia Receiving Lansoprazole

Gastric carcinoid tumors remain rare. Among all sites, the stomach is the seventh most common location for the formation of carcinoid tumor (1). In a study from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, published prior to the widespread availability of endoscopy, gastric carcinoid tumor comprised 6% of all gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors (2). In a study of 8305 carcinoid tumors (1), 3.2% of carcinoids were identified in the stomach. Of these cases of gastric carcinoid tumor, 79% were Caucasian in origin and 64% were females. The average age at diagnosis of gastric carcinoid tumor ranged from 62 to 69 years. The 5year survival with gastric carcinoid tumor was 64% with localized disease, 40% with regional disease, and 10% with distant disease. Hypergastrinemia is a known risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoid tumor. Prior workers suggested major relationships between gastric atrophy that induces achlorhydria, resulting in hypergastrinemia, with subsequent development of gastric carcinoid tumor (3, 4). In some patients with Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome, hypergastrinemia is also associated with the development of gastric carcinoid tumor (4). Prior to the introduction of H,K-ATPase inhibitors, studies in rats revealed a risk of development of small intramucosal gastric carcinoid tumors originating from enterochromaffin-like cell origin (5). Hypergastrinemia in patients receiving chronic (mean of 13 months) omeprazole therapy has been shown to induce hyperplasia of gastric endocrine cells in 11‐19% of the patients, but with no dysplastic or neoplastic lesions of endocrine cells (6).
Growing up and apart: Gender divergences in a Chicagoland elementary school

A characteristic of children’s social orders is gender segregation. When children can choose, girls play more with girls and boys with boys. This begins around age three and peaks in later childhood. If children separate into same-gender groups, their interactions across the gender line will not be as frequent as those with members of the same sex. Following on Bloomfield’s assertion (1933:46) that “density of communication” results in the “most important differences of speech” within a community, I predict that differences will increasingly emerge between girls and boys. I test this using two sociolinguistic variables, (dh) and (ing), in the English spoken by children in an elementary school. The prediction is supported. Results contribute to research into language socialization and the acquisition of gendered linguistic expression.
PATTERNS OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL-FUNGI CONSUMPTION BY SMALL MAMMALS IN REMNANT OLD-GROWTH FORESTS OF THE SIERRA NEVADA

Abstract We investigated fungal consumption and resulting patterns of potential spore dispersal by 6 small mammals in old-growth habitat in the Sierra Nevada of the United States, a region in which this ecological interrelationship is poorly understood. Small mammals consumed a wide array of food items, although only feces of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus), golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis), and Douglas squirrels (Tamiasciurus douglassi) frequently contained spores of hypogeous fungi, whereas those of lodgepole chipmunks (Tamias speciosus), long-eared chipmunks (T. quadrimaculatus), and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) did so rarely. Feces from the 3 squirrel species also contained a greater number of hypogeous fungal genera per sample than did samples from the latter 3 species. Flying squirrels potentially dispersed the greatest variety of ectomycorrhizal fungi (16 genera): 8 in spring and 15 in autumn. Frequency of occurrence of 9 genera in the feces of flying sq...
Ca(2+)-dependent activation of T-type Ca2+ channels by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II

The T-type Ca2+ channel is unique among voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in its low threshold for opening and its slow kinetics of deactivation. Here, we evaluate the importance of intracellular Ca2+ (Cai2+) in promoting low-threshold gating of T-type channels in adrenal glomerulosa cells. We observe that 390 nM to 1.27 microM Cai2+ enhances T-type current by shifting the voltage dependence of channel activation to more negative potentials. This Ca(2+)-induced shift is mediated by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), because it is abolished by inhibitors of CaMKII but not of protein kinase C and is subsequently restored by exogenous calmodulin. This Ca(2+)-induced reduction in gating threshold would render T-type Ca2+ channels uniquely suited to transduce depolarizing stimuli of low amplitude into a Ca2+ signal sufficient to support a physiological response.
Making space for energy: wasteland development, enclosures, and energy dispossessions

This paper analyzes why and how wasteland development narratives persist through an evaluation of wasteland development policies in India from 1970 to present. Integrating critical scholarship on environmental narratives and enclosures, I find that narratives of wastelands as “empty” spaces available for “improvement” continue because they are metaphors for entrenched struggles between the government's shifting visions of “improvement” and communities whose land use practices contradict these logics. Since the 1970s, “improvement” has meant establishing different types of tree plantations on wastelands to ostensibly provide energy security. These projects have dispossessed land users by enclosing common property lands and by providing forms of energy incommensurate with local needs, a trend I term “energy dispossessions”. Factors enabling energy dispossessions include the government's increased attempts to establish public–private partnerships to carry out “improvement” and a “field of observation” constructed to obscure local livelihoods. Unveiling these logics will help to problematize and contest future iterations of wasteland development.
Investigation of an In-cylinder Ion Sensing Assisted HCCI Control Strategy

Recent research activities have greatly expanded the understanding of HCCI, its controlling mechanisms, and operation strategies. However, substantially more work is required before HCCI engines will be ready for production. This includes development of a methodology for feedback and closed-loop control of the fuel and air systems to realize HCCI combustion over the speed load range in a production vehicle. In this paper, we use in-cylinder ion sensing to extract the timing of start of combustion and monitor other combustion information such as knocking as feedback signals for closed loop control of HCCI engines. The ion sensor we use is modified from the existing glow plug. This method will minimize the cost relative to an in-cylinder pressure sensor and signal conditioning circuitry while providing equivalent combustion information for the ECU to control the engine. The parameters that affect the ion signal are identified and relationship of ion signal to start of combustion is established, which can be used for HCCI engine control. Ion sensing not only can detect start of fast reaction, but under certain conditions, can also detect the start of cool flame reaction. This correlation could be used to control engine parameters such as charge composition, temperature, and boost of the HCCI engine. However, there is a limitation of when ion sensing is effective and when it is not. At light load, the ion signal strength is too low to be detected. When HCCI combustion is stable and smooth, the ionization signal is stable and the distinction between different combustion phases can be easily identified on the raw ion signal. When HCCI combustion is unstable and violent, the ionization reflects the combustion characteristics as ringing on the ion signal.
Research on Fast Image Segmentation and Matting Technology

To solve the slowness and low integration problems of existing algorithms,based on existing technical researches, an improved algorithm is proposed. First, segment the foreground with image segmentation algorithm Grabcut. Second,generate trimap as the input of matting algorithm Shared Matting on the basis of segmentation result. Third,obtain the final matting result. For characteristics of the system,Grabcut algorithm is optimized with downsampling technology to accelerate the segmentation speed and concurrently accelerates trimap generating algorithm and Shared Matting to further improve the processing speed. It is proved by experiment that the system has a strong applicability and can produce an ideal matting effect with less interaction in a short time.
Physical and Genetic Analysis of Rhizobium Meliloti 1021 Nodulation Region

Rhizobiummeliloti stimulates the development of nitrogen fixing root nodules on its host plant, alfalfa (lucerne). A bacterial DNA region required for nodulation was identified genetically through mutations (1). This region was cloned as plasmid pRmSL26, and by comparison with other clones was mapped to the R. meliloti megaplasmid (2).
Spliceosomal U1A Protein-SL2 RNA Binding Affinity Decreases in Cells

While extensive biochemical and biophysical studies have been carried out to elucidate protein-RNA binding mechanisms and dynamics in vitro, most of these studies do not take into consideration the effect of the cellular environment. Here we have experimentally tested the role of the cellular environment on protein transport and binding affinity in one of the most widely studied RNA recognition motifs, the spliceosomal protein U1A, and its binding partner, stem loop 2 (SL2) of the U1 small nuclear RNA. U1A-SL2 localization, stability and binding kinetics were monitored in live U2OS cells by fast relaxation imaging (FreI), which combines a temperature jump with fluorescence microscopy of the FRET (Fluorescence resonance energy transfer)-labeled RNA and protein. U1A protein alone was found to diffuse across the cell, whereas SL2 RNA and the U1A-SL2 complex localized in the nucleus. This demonstrates that SL2 RNA mediates transport of the U1A protein to the nucleus. The binding affinity in live cells was reduced compared to in vitro. The dissociation rate was unchanged in cells; however, the association rate was an order of magnitude lower, resulting in a two order of magnitude decrease in the dissociation constant. Introduction of a macromolecular crowder, Ficoll 70, in vitro further stabilized the complex. This suggests that differences between binding affinities as measured in vitro and in live cells cannot be explained by crowding alone. Instead, high binding affinities as measured in vitro may be necessary for selectivity in vivo, where competition exists between multiple binding partners.
Exclusion Labels in Slavic Monolingual Dictionaries

The present paper analyzed the practices of excluding vocabulary items from the standard language in four major Slavic monolingual dictionaries (Polish, Russian, Serbian, and Slovenian). The analysis has revealed that there exist a range of primary (overt) and secondary (implicit) exclusion labels and that their effect is negotiated in the sociocognitive context of the dictionary, in a communication between the dictionary and its users.
Analysis of reduced traveltime creates nonlinear delay-time solution

This case study utilizes time-arrival picks and a two-layer depth/velocity model to enhance the refraction solution using nonlinear refractor velocities. The near surface has rapidly changing topography and thickness of the low-velocity layer. The refractor velocity is varying due to outcropping limestone horizons. The acquisition of the 3D survey is hampered due to inaccessible terrain with cliffs up to 150 m in height. There are two large areas with source omissions due to irrigated cultivations. For this 3D seismic survey, multiple tests applying tomographic modeling fail to resolve the near-surface anomaly. The starting model for this analysis is a linear reciprocal-path delay-time model. The proposed method redetermines the delay time, taking into account the nonlinear refractor velocity. The enhancement produced near-surface static corrections that improved the imaging of the 3D seismic volume and created an analytical tool of the solutions uncertainty.
Age-Related Autonomous Aldosteronism.

Background:Both aging and inappropriate secretion of aldosterone increase the risk for developing cardiovascular disease; however, the influence of aging on aldosterone secretion and physiology is ...