cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OCCLUSION OF FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES BY TWO METHODS.

Summary The occlusions of fixed partial dentures made by the functionally generated path technique and a semiadaptable articulator technique were compared. Fixed partial dentures were constructed on both sides of the mouths of eight subjects, one technique being used on one side and the other technique on the other. The comparison showed that the restorations constructed on the articulators required more adjustments in all occlusions and required more time and skill for their construction.
Treatment of Conjunctival Lymphomas

Due to their indolent nature, conjunctival lymphomas have different treatment options compared to other adnexal lymphomas. Therapeutic options directed towards conjunctival lymphomas include radiotherapy (external beam radiation), brachytherapy, cryotherapy, intralesional interferon injections, systemic rituximab, and observation. Radiotherapy that has been demonstrated to be highly effective for both low and high-grade tumors, however, can be associated with a high percentage of short-term side effects and long-term complications. Brachytherapy can provide local tumor control, but can also cause many complications. Cryotherapy may be used for certain tumor locations, but has a high recurrence rate. Both interferon and rituximab show promising results for treating low-grade tumors while avoiding the complications associated with radiotherapy. Finally, reports of spontaneous regression of low-grade conjunctival lymphomas have led some investigators to advocate a course of careful observation following biopsy.
Stimulation of migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells by vitronectin: implications for atherosclerosis

Objective: Migration of smooth muscle cells into the neointima has been implicated in atherogenesis. Vitronectin, a serum factor that promotes cell spreading and attachment, accumulates in atherosclerotic human tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the role of vitronectin and its receptor (integrin αVβ3) in migration of smooth muscle cells. Methods: Human aortic smooth muscle cell migration was studied in modified Boyden chambers. Expression of vitronectin receptor was determined by northern blotting of receptor mRNA and immunoprecipitation of receptor protein. Results: Vitronectin dose dependently increased smooth muscle cell migration by an amount comparable to that induced by platelet derived growth factor, (PDGF)-BB. Antiserum to αVβ3 diminished vitronectin driven migration. Northern blot analysis showed low constitutive expression of αV and β3 mRNA by smooth muscle cell and rapid induction with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and thrombin. Immunoprecipitation confirmed increased synthesis of the αVβ3 vitronectin receptor complex by TGF-β or thrombin. Smooth muscle cells pretreated with TGF-β or thrombin showed increased vitronectin driven migration. cAMP suppressed induction of migration, but inhibition of protein kinase C increased it. Conclusions: These results show that vitronectin-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell migration is mediated by aVB3 vitronectin receptor and expression of the receptor is induced by TGF-β and thrombin, which in turn induce vitronectin driven, vitronectin receptor modulated smooth muscle cell migration. Cardiovascular Research 1994; 28 :1815-1820
Effect of pyruvate and lactate on motility of cold stored stallion spermatozoa challenged by hydrogen peroxide

Abstract Numerous workers have shown that motility of cold stored spermatozoa from some stallions can be improved by removing most of the seminal plasma by centrifugation and resuspending the spermatozoa in an extender consisting of skim milk glucose extender (SKMG) supplemented with a salt media such as Tyrode's or phosphate-buffered saline. The salt media must contain pyruvate and lactate. In an effort to test the hypothesis that pyruvate may be acting as an antioxidant, a series of experiments were conducted using a H 2 O 2 challenge to artificially produce damage due to lipid peroxidation. Results of these experiments indicated that addition of lactate or pyruvate and lactate to SKMG-Tyrode's media was not able to prevent the detrimental affects of H 2 O 2 . The addition of lactate to the SKMG-Tyrode's media resulted in an improvement of post-storage motility; however, increasing the concentration of pyruvate did not further improve motility. Therefore, because lactate dehydrogenase has been shown to be correlated with motility, and lactate has been shown to be preferred as an energy source by spermatozoa from other species, the beneficial effects of lactate and pyruvate as components of a modified SKMG extender are probable as energy sources.
Visual demonstration of the limb-forming zone in the chick embryo lateral plate.

The present study was undertaken to determine whether a visible Wolffian ridge, distinct from the lateral fold, can be identified in chick embryos. Ectoderm thickness was measured in stage 11–17 chick embryos. There was a general trend, from thin ectoderm in the midline, to an ectodermal thickening over the somites, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate. Other embryos were cut from the yolk, pinned out, and photographed. The lateral fold was then eliminated, and the embryo was rephotographed. The photographs reveal a definite opaic zone, distinct from the lateral fold, in stage 11–18 chick embryos. Furthermore, there is a direct correlation between the opacity of this cellular band and the limb-forming potential of grafted wing, flank, and leg regions (see Stephens et al., '89). At stages 11–14, the wing, flank, and leg exhibit a uniform opacity, and a uniform capacity for limb formation when grafted to a host celom. From stage 15 to stage 18, the opacity in the flank diminishes, and its limb-forming capability disappears. This study demonstrates the presence of an opaic zone, which we have called the limb-forming zone (LFZ) along the lateral side of early chick embryos, which is independent of the lateral fold, is not as extensive as the lateral plate, and is not simply associated with ectodermal thickening, but which is directly correlated with limb-forming potential in the lateral plate. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Field gradient dependence for fusion self-heating in MTF targets

Summary form only given. The lack of high areal density (/spl rho/R) is augmented by an increased field times radius product (BR) for magnetized target fusion (MTF) targets. It has been shown that for BR>1 Tm the energy deposition in the target is substantially increased over the zero field value. However, the increase is dependent not only on field geometry, but also on the field gradients. Results for a static azimuthal field having various gradients is presented.
Structure, Tissue Distribution and Genomic Organization of the Murine RRM-Type RNA Binding Proteins TIA-1 and TIAR

TIA-1 and TIAR are RNA binding proteins of the RNA recognition motif (RRM)/ribonucleoprotein (RNP) family that have been implicated as effectors of apoptotic cell death. We report the structures of murine TIA-1 and TIAR (mTIA-1 and mTIAR) deduced from cDNA cloning, the mRNA and protein tissue distribution of mTIA-1 and mTIAR, and the exon-intron structures of the mTIA-1 and mTIAR genes. Both mTIA-1 and mTIAR are comprised of three approximately 100 amino acid N-terminal RRM domains and a approximately 90 amino acid C-terminal auxiliary domain. This subfamily of RRM proteins is evolutionarily well conserved; mTIA-1 and mTIAR are 80% similar to each other, and 96 and 99% similar to hTIA-1 and hTIAR, respectively. The overall exon-intron structures of the mTIA-1 and mTIAR genes are also similar to each other, as well as to the human TIA-1 gene structure. While Northern blot analysis reveals that mTIA-1 and mTIAR mRNAs have a broad tissue distribution, mTIA-1 and mTIAR proteins are predominantly expressed in brain, testis and spleen. At least two isoforms of both mTIA-1 and mTIAR are generated by alternative splicing. Murine TIA-1 isoforms including or lacking the exon 5 encoded sequences are expressed at a ratio of approximately 1:1, whereas mTIAR isoforms including or lacking the 5'-end of exon 3 sequences are expressed in a approximately 1:6 ratio. Molecular characterization of murine TIA-1 and TIAR RNA binding proteins provides the basis for a genetic analysis of the functional roles of these proteins during mammalian development.
Designing a Web Site to Share Information with Parents

This article discusses the development and use of an on-line portfolio process. It presents a background rationale for the need and effectiveness of a communication tool that supports the use of the portfolio process throughout the education of a child with identified disabilities. The process for developing the individualized Web page is presented. Systems for teacher and administrative support of the family in the use of the portfolio are discussed.
On the lorentzian versus Gaussian character of time-domain spin-echo signals from the brain as sampled by means of gradient-echoes: Implications for quantitative transverse relaxation studies

Purpose To determine whether Lorentzian or Gaussian intra-voxel frequency distributions are better suited for modeling data acquired with gradient-echo sampling of single spin-echoes for the simultaneous characterization of irreversible and reversible relaxation rates. Clinical studies (e.g., of brain iron deposition) using such acquisition schemes have typically assumed Lorentzian distributions. Theory and Methods Theoretical expressions of the time-domain spin-echo signal for intra-voxel Lorentzian and Gaussian distributions were used to fit data from a human brain scanned at both 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3T, resulting in maps of irreversible and reversible relaxation rates for each model. The relative merits of the Lorentzian versus Gaussian model were compared by means of quality of fit considerations. Results Lorentzian fits were equivalent to Gaussian fits primarily in regions of the brain where irreversible relaxation dominated. In the multiple brain regions where reversible relaxation effects become prominent, however, Gaussian fits were clearly superior. Conclusion The widespread assumption that a Lorentzian distribution is suitable for quantitative transverse relaxation studies of the brain should be reconsidered, particularly at 3T and higher field strengths as reversible relaxation effects become more prominent. Gaussian distributions offer alternate fits of experimental data that should prove quite useful in general. Magn Reson Med 74:51–62, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive Styles among Three Generations of Mexican American Children

It was hypothesized that the cognitive styles of Mexican American children would become increasingly more field independent from the first to the third generation. In addition, a decline in sex differences vas expected to follow a similar pattern. A comparison group of Anglo American children was also included in the study. Results were not in line with the original hypotheses: Anglo American children were the most field independent and showed the smallest sex difference followed, respectively, by second, first, and third generation Mexican American children. Results are discussed as the possible outcome of selective migration and community acculturation processes.
Association of group B coxsackieviruses with cases of pericarditis, myocarditis, or pleurodynia by demonstration of immunoglobulin M antibody.

Tests for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to group B coxsackieviruses were performed on sera from 259 patients with a clinical diagnosis of pericarditis, myocarditis, or pleurodynia on whom there were no definitive serological or virus isolation findings to establish a viral etiology, and on 259 "control" patients with clinical diagnoses of viral or mycoplasmal pneumonia or pneumonitis. IgM antibodies to coxsackievirus types B1, B3, B4, B5, and B6 were detected by a micro-immunodiffusion technique, and antibodies to virus type B2 were detected by reduction of neutralizing antibodies with ethanethiol. Of the patients with pericarditis, myocarditis, or pleurodynia, 27% (70) had IgM antibody to group B coxsackieviruses, as compared with 8% in the control group. On retrospective review of the clinical diagnosis, some of the patients in the control group with IgM antibody were found to have had additional clinical findings which could be attributed to a coxsackievirus infection. Coxsackievirus IgM antibody was demonstrable in 30% of 113 patients in the study group for whom virus isolation had been attempted with negative results. The presence of coxsackievirus IgM is discussed in relation to the time of serum collection, age of the patients, and month of onset of illness.
A beamformer based upon the random coefficient model

Applying the random coefficient model to array processing, specifically in the design of a beamformer for direction finding, is described. This model is similar to the autoregressive (AR) model, except the coefficients are allowed to change with time instead of remaining constant, thus allowing the beamformer to better model any additive noise or signal correlations in the observations. Through the use of a binary hypothesis test, it is shown that random coefficient models better fit typical array data than do AR models. A Kalman filter is presented that has the array observations as inputs and the parameters of the random coefficient model as outputs. A beamformer based on the random coefficient model is derived that is similar to the constant coefficient linear predictive beamformer. The two beamformers are compared and it is shown that the random coefficient beamformer outperforms the CCLP beamformer. >
Landscape ecology in North America: past, present, and future

Landscape ecology offers a spatially explicit perspective on the relationships between ecological patterns and processes that can be applied across a range of scales. Concepts derived from landscape ecology now permeate ecological research across most levels of ecological organization and many scales. Landscape ecology developed rapidly after ideas that originated in Europe were introduced to scientists in North America. Key research questions put forth in the early 1980s that catalyzed landscape-level research focused on the formative processes that produce spatial pattern; effects of spatial heterogeneity on the spread of disturbance and fluxes of organisms, material, and energy; and potential applications of landscape ecology in natural resource management. This article describes the development of landscape ecology in North America, discusses current questions and new insights that have emerged, and comments on future directions that are likely to produce new ecological insights. Ecology faces a broad array of challenging questions that require a plurality of approaches and creative insights. Landscape ecology should continue to push the limits of understanding of the reciprocal interactions between spatial patterns and ecological processes and seek opportunities to test the generality of its concepts across systems and scales.
Random growth of crack with R-curve: Markov process model

Abstract A probabilistic model for the randomness of the progressive crack growth in a quasi-brittle material such as concrete is presented. The model consists of a Markov chain adapted to R-curve behavior. It yields the crack propagation probability in any loading step as well as the probability of failure at any stage of the fracture process. The R-curve is obtained from the given test data on the effect of structure size on the maximum loads. The standard deviation of the peak load is the minimum statistical information required. According to the available test results, this standard deviation is approximately a linear function of the crack propagation distance. The parameter estimation method is formulated and some applications are illustrated.
QRS-wave detector evaluation

Abstract A standardized FM magnetic tape containing various arrhythmias and artifacts was prepared for the purpose of evaluating QRS-wave detectors. The technical aspects of the preparation of the tape and the testing format are described. Two QRS-wave detectors were tested. Premature ventricular contractions (PVC's) caused the most difficulty, 97 per cent being detected by one type and 86 per cent by the second. T waves following PVC's were detected as QRS complexes 6 per cent and 1 per cent, respectively. Base-line shift and 60 Hz artifact produced 4.7 per cent and 1.7 per cent false positive detections. The over-all results suggest that these QRS-wave detectors are capable of performing satisfactorily in the usual monitoring setting.
Is Buddhist Karmic Theory False

In his recent article ‘Notes Towards a Critique of Buddhist Karmic Theory’ Paul J. Griffiths makes four criticisms of Buddhist karmic theory: it is empirically false, it is incoherent, it is morally repugnant, and it is vacuous. After listing these four criticisms, Griffiths concludes that ‘all these mean that Buddhist karmic theory as expounded in the major theoretical works devoted to it must be false’ (p. 291).
Lymph Node Infarction

Abstract Context.—The etiology of lymph node infarction may be difficult or impossible to determine by histologic examination. Lymph node infarction is followed by malignant lymphoma in some but not all patients. The role of immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of lymph node infarction is not well defined. Although it is widely believed that necrotic tissue is not suitable for immunohistochemical study, this view may be inaccurate. Objective.—To determine whether lymphoid antigens are preserved in infarcted lymph nodes and to determine the utility of immunohistochemical staining in the evaluation of lymph node infarction. Design.—Retrospective immunohistochemical study of infarcted lymph nodes using archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Setting.—Academic medical center. Patients.—Eleven adult patients with lymph node infarction retrieved from pathology files. Main Outcome Measures.—Results of immunohistochemistry, diagnosis of lymphoma. Results.—Preservation of lymphoid antigens was observe...
Evaluation of an Academic Library’s Liquid Designed Website

Abstract Objective – When the Harold B. Lee Library (HBLL) at Brigham Young University released a new website with same-look capabilities for computers, tablets, and smartphones, we undertook a summative assessment to review website features and to determine baseline measures of website access via device and patron group. Methods – The study used a mixed methods approach using three levels of assessment (focus groups, an online survey, and a usability test), with each level informing the subsequent level. Results – The website changes were well-received by the overwhelming majority of patrons. Device usage was associated with the type of task for which patrons were accessing the website. Computers were used primarily for research-related tasks (e.g., accessing journals, databases, and the main search bar). Smartphones were used primarily for on-the-go tasks (e.g., accessing personal accounts, finding library hours, and reserving group study rooms). Tablets fell between these two. Several website services were identified as being underused. Study results were moderated by time of release (i.e., only half of survey participants had viewed the new website) and access to device (i.e., many patrons did not have access to a tablet or a smartphone). Conclusions – The summative assessment of the HBLL’s new website was well-received and viewed as a positive change. While most patrons were initially unaware of the same-look feature across devices, this was considered to be a positive change. As devices become more accessible for patrons, it is believed that website access by device will change. A follow-up study is planned to assess any changes in use patterns or use of access devices.
Choosing the 'β' Parameter When Using the Bonacich Power Measure

Bonacich (1987) suggested a family of centrality measures that provide a useful way of modeling questions of power and network constraint. However, the literature offers little guidance regarding the choice of  the parameter which alters the way the measure accounts for the effect of having powerful contacts in ones network. In this paper I explore the way the choice of the  parameter affects the power indices the Bonacich measure generates. I consider three network properties which might affect the way the choice of  influences the Bonacich power indices. I find that in high density networks with few internal ‘chains’ and few pendants, the choice of  is largely immaterial. Conversely, in sparse networks, those with a high proportion of pendant nodes, or those with many chains, the value of  has a substantial effect on the power indices the measure generates. Next I consider whether power indices produced by interior values of  might be represented as a linear combination of “pure” vectors, those generated with values of  at either end of the parameter range and  = 0. I find that in the vast majority of cases a linear combination of “pure” vectors power is equivalent to using indices produced by interior values of , making the choice of  largely moot. Finally, in the unlikely case that this disaggregation is inappropriate, I discuss the question of determining an appropriate value of  empirically.
Pushing the limits of radiofrequency (RF) neuronal telemetry

In a previous report it was shown that the channel capacity of an in vivo communication link using microscopic antennas at radiofrequency is severely limited by the requirement not to damage the tissue surrounding the antennas. For dipole-like antennas the strong electric field dissipates too much power into body tissues. Loop-type antennas have a strong magnetic near field and so dissipate much less power into the surrounding tissues but they require such a large current that the antenna temperature is raised to the thermal damage threshold of the tissue. The only solution was increasing the antenna size into hundreds of microns, which makes reporting on an individual neuron impossible. However, recently demonstrated true magnetic antennas offer an alternative not covered in the previous report. The near field of these antennas is dominated by the magnetic field yet they don’t require large currents. Thus they combine the best characteristics of dipoles and loops. By calculating the coupling between identical magnetic antennas inside a model of the body medium we show an increase in the power transfer of up to 8 orders of magnitude higher than could be realized with the loops and dipoles, making the microscopic RF in-vivo transmitting antenna possible.
Consumer Productivity Framing Issues for Socio-Economic Development

While there is some debate concerning the nature of marketing's developmental role, many view marketing as an agent for change. As a change agent, marketing can be a tool for economic development and may also be a means for furthering societal goals. Finding ways in which to make consumers of a region more productive has been suggested as one approach for achieving socio-economic development. The consumer productivity focus provides many options for organizations to enhance consumer well being. The notion of using improved productivity of consumers as a means to development is compatible with the theory of competitive rationality and appears to be a way in which to improve the demand force as identified by Michael Porter.
Effectiveness of Prevention Strategies for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, statins, and ascorbic acid have been studied for reducing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Purpose To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of interventions to reduce CIN in adults receiving contrast media. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Scopus databases through June 2015. Risk of bias and overall strength of evidence (SOE) of studies were assessed. Study selection Randomized, controlled trials of N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, statins, or ascorbic acid that used intravenous (IV) or intra-arterial contrast media and defined CIN with enough data for meta-analysis. Data extraction Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Data synthesis Low-dose N-acetylcysteine plus IV saline compared with IV saline (risk ratio [RR], 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63 to 0.89]; low SOE), N-acetylcysteine plus IV saline compared with IV saline in patients receiving low-osmolar contrast media (RR, 0.69 [CI, 0.58 to 0.84]; moderate SOE), and statins plus N-acetylcysteine plus IV saline versus N-acetylcysteine plus IV saline (RR, 0.52 [CI, 0.29 to 0.93]; low SOE) had clinically important and statistically significant benefits. The following 3 comparisons suggested a clinically important difference that was not statistically significant: sodium bicarbonate versus IV saline in patients receiving low-osmolar contrast media (RR, 0.65 [CI, 0.33 to 1.25]; low SOE), statins plus IV saline versus IV saline (RR, 0.68 [CI, 0.39 to 1.20]; low SOE), and ascorbic acid versus IV saline (RR, 0.72 [CI, 0.48 to 1.01]; low SOE). Strength of evidence was generally insufficient for comparisons of the need for renal replacement, cardiac events, and mortality. Limitation Too few studies were done in patients receiving IV contrast media. Conclusion The greatest reduction in CIN was seen with N-acetylcysteine plus IV saline in patients receiving LOCM and with statins plus N-acetylcysteine plus IV saline. Primary funding source Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Application analysis of PreS1-Ag detection in pregnant Hepatitis B Carriers

Objective: To understand the current condition of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in pregnant women,to figure out the correlations between HBV PreS1-Ag and HBV-DNA or HBV PreS1-Ag and HBeAg in this HBV carriers population,and to comprehensively assess HBV replication.Methods: PreS1-Ag and HBV-DNA were determined in HBeAg positive samples following detection of HBV-M in 3579 cases of pregnant women serum samples.The results were compared and statistical analyzed.Results: 302 HBsAg positive cases were screened out in total 3579 cases of pregnant women serum samples.PreS1-Ag positive detection rate accounted for 60.6% in these 302 HBsAg positive cases,while HBV-DNA positive rate was 56.0% and HBeAg positive rate was 29.5%.The positive rates of preS1-Ag in HBeAg positive group and HBV-DNA positive group were markedly higher than those in corresponding negative groups(P0.01).In the HBV-DNA positive samples,especially in the low HBV-DNA copy group(below 5×104 copy/ml),PreS1Ag positive rate was significantly higher than that of HBeAg(P0.01).Conclusion: Compared to HBeAg,correlation between PreS1-Ag and HBV-DNA positive rate is better,so PreS1-Ag detection may be helpful for determining the HBV infection and replication in pregnant women.And it′s better to take steps to block mother-to-child transmission earlier.
The analysis of Brucellosis epidemic from 2012 to 2013 in Chengde

Objective Reviewing and studying the Brucellosis specimens disease from 2012 to 2013 in Chengde,analyzing and researching the prevalence and its effecting factors,concluding the epidemiological characteristics of Brucellosis in Chengde,and providing the basis for future disease prevention and control work. Methods Analyzing the 1 130 cases of Brucellosis from2012 to 2013 in Chengde. Results There are 489 new cases of Brucellosis in 2012,641 cases in 2013,the new cases increased by 31. 08%. The 90. 38% of total cases of Brucellosis are in Weichang,Fengning and Longhua county in 2012,and in2013 except these three counties,the number of cases in other counties had increased proportionally. The distribution range extended to 11 counties,127 towns in 2013 from 10 counties,96 townships in 2012,which had been expanded. The distribution was tending to move from the young to the old,cases in male were more than in female,high catching rate happened on the farmers and pastoralsists,and other career disease increased a lot. Conclution The incidence of Brucellosis in chengde was increasing year by year,we should further strengthen surveillance,take effects to control the Brucellosis epidemic.
Pitfalls and promises of transparency in the digital age

This article re-examines transparency as it is conceptualized in communication, particularly in public relations, and it introduces the concept of pseudo-transparency. Transparency in the public relations literature is rarely examined from a critical perspective. We conclude from our re-examination that transparency is a product of modernism and neoliberalism; as such, we argue that the concept is used by organizations, that is, governments, civil society organizations, and corporations, to reproduce and to maintain a status quo to be accepted without interrogation or critical inquiry. Based on this re-examination, we advocate that public relations practitioners must be at the forefront in resolving ethical issues that are related to transparency and to pseudo-transparency in contemporary global society.
Evolution of Cilia

Anton van Leeuwenhoek's startling microscopic observations in the 1600s first stimulated fascination with the way that cells use cilia to generate currents and to swim in a fluid environment. Research in recent decades has yielded deep knowledge about the mechanical and biochemical nature of these organelles but only opened a greater fascination about how such beautifully intricate and multifunctional structures arose during evolution. Answers to this evolutionary puzzle are not only sought to satisfy basic curiosity, but also, as stated so eloquently by Dobzhansky (Am Zool 4: 443 [1964]), because "nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." Here I attempt to summarize current knowledge of what ciliary organelles of the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) were like, explore the ways in which cilia have evolved since that time, and speculate on the selective processes that might have generated these organelles during early eukaryotic evolution.
Measurements of the sound velocity of shock-compressed liquid silica to 1100 GPa

The sound velocity in a shocked material provides information about its off-Hugoniot behavior of a material at high pressures. This information can be used to extend the knowledge gained in Hugoniot experiments and to model the re-shock and release behavior. Silica is one of the most important materials for equation of state studies because of its prevalence in the earth's interior and the well-defined properties of α-quartz. This article presents the sound velocity measurements of amorphous fused silica over the range 200 to 1100 GPa using laser-driven shocks and an α-quartz standard. These measurements demonstrate the technique proposed by Fratanduono et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 116, 033517 (2014)] to determine the sound velocity from the arrival of acoustic perturbations. The results compare favorably to the SESAME 7386 equation-of-state table. The Gruneisen parameter was calculated from the sound velocity data and found to be Γ=0.66±0.05 at densities above 6 g/cm3, an increase in precision by a factor of t...
Managing for Results—An Overview

The intent of this series of articles is to help nuclear medicine technologists improve their managerial effectiveness. The point of this introductory article is to prompt your thinking about long- and short-term goals, obstacles, and opportunities and resources. The worksheet at the end of this article asks you to write down some of your ideas about these issues.
(Critical) learning in/through everyday life in a global consumer culture

This article focuses on the intersection of three areas of Peter Jarvis’s work that have profoundly influenced the field of adult education generally and the authors own research trajectories, in p...
CHAPTER 63 – Organization of Photoreceptor Signaling Complexes

Phototransduction in Drosophila is one of the fastest G-protein-coupled signaling pathways known, taking less than 20 ms from light activation to maximum response. Phototransduction is the conversion of light into a change in the electrical potential across the cell membrane. This process involves the sequential activation of a series of signaling proteins, leading to the eventual opening or closing of ion channels in the photoreceptor cell membrane. Traditionally, it has been thought that G-protein-coupled signaling pathways, like phototransduction, transmit signals from one signaling protein to the next by diffusing freely about a cell, until randomly contacting the appropriate downstream component in the pathway. Recently, however, the phototransduction cascade in Drosophila has become a prime example of how signaling proteins do not roam freely about but are physically bound in macromolecular complexes, or signaling complexes. An eye-specific scaffold protein binds to multiple signaling components, bringing them into close proximity and localizing them to a subcellular compartment specialized for phototransduction. With increasing evidence of similar strategies used in other cell types and systems, the diffusion-based model of intracellular signaling is being replaced by a model in which the formation of macromolecular complexes is essential for normal signaling.
Trial of exercise in ovarian cancer survivors.

TPS1614 Background: Physical activity (PA) has been associated with improved QOL and survival in breast and colorectal cancer survivors, yet no study has examined the effect of exercise on ovarian cancer outcomes. The purpose of our NCI-funded trial is to examine, in 230 women diagnosed with Stage I-IV ovarian cancer, the impact of exercise vs. attention control on: QOL, body composition, and serum markers associated with ovarian cancer. This abstract presents preliminary recruitment and adherence results. Methods: Women are being recruited via Connecticut Tumor Registry and Yale Cancer Center into the Women’s Activity and Lifestyle Study in Connecticut (WALC). We are also recruiting patients nationally via self-referral and collaboration with medical oncologists at DFCI and Summa Akron City Hospital. Women are randomly assigned to exercise (n = 115) or attention control (n = 115). Both groups receive weekly telephone calls for six months from a certified health educator to discuss ovarian cancer health t...
Identification of meat and poultry species in food products using DNA barcoding

Abstract DNA barcoding is a promising method for the sequencing-based identification of meat and poultry species in food products. However, DNA degradation during processing may limit recovery of the full-length DNA barcode from these foods. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of DNA barcoding to identify species in meat and poultry products and to compare the results of full-length barcoding (658 bp) and mini-barcoding (127 bp). Sixty meat and poultry products were collected for this study, including deli meats, ground meats, dried meats, and canned meats. Each sample underwent full and mini-barcoding of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The resulting sequences were queried against the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) and GenBank for species identification. Overall, full-barcoding showed a higher sequencing success rate (68.3%) as compared to mini-barcoding (38.3%). Mini-barcoding out-performed full barcoding for the identification of canned products (23.8% vs. 19.0% success), as well as for turkey and duck products; however, the primer set performed poorly when tested against chicken, beef, and bison/buffalo. Overall, full barcoding was found to be a robust method for the detection of species in meat and poultry products, with the exception of canned products. Mini-barcoding shows high potential to be used for species identification in processed products; however, an improved primer set is needed for this application.
Improving Sensor-Free Affect Detection Using Deep Learning

Affect detection has become a prominent area in student modeling in the last decade and considerable progress has been made in developing effective models. Many of the most successful models have leveraged physical and physiological sensors to accomplish this. While successful, such systems are difficult to deploy at scale due to economic and political constraints, limiting the utility of their application. Examples of “sensor-free” affect detectors that assess students based solely using data on the interaction between students and computer-based learning platforms exist, but these detectors generally have not reached high enough levels of quality to justify their use in real-time interventions. However, the classification algorithms used in these previous sensor-free detectors have not taken full advantage of the newest methods emerging in the field. The use of deep learning algorithms, such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs), have been applied to a range of other domains including pattern recognition and natural language processing with success, but have only recently been attempted in educational contexts. In this work, we construct new “deep” sensor-free affect detectors and report significant improvements over previously reported models.
Alexander Dickow. Le Poète innombrable: Cendrars, Apollinaire, Jacob. Paris: Hermann Éditeurs, 2015. 392 pp.

Dickow's book faces a tall order: revisiting three canonical figures who reoriented poetry in French between the turn of the twentieth century and the end of World War I: Italian-Polish-French Guil...
Detection of Narrowband Signals with Random Phase Angles

Although we considered the detection of a narrowband signal in narrowband noise in the last chapter, the assumption there remained that the signal was completely know. This meant, in particular, that the absolute carrier phase was pricisely know for the narrowband signal. Now in many applications involving narrowband signals it may be much more realilstic if the assumption of pricese knowledge of the absolute carrier phase were dropped. In many such cases, moreover, it is reasonable to assume that this absolute carrier phase is a random variable uniformly distributed on [0, 2π]. Such a narrowband signal called an incoherent narrowband signal, which is therefore a deterministic random process with one random parameter. We shall derive the LO detector for an incoherent narrowband signal in narrowband noise based on samples of the in-phase and quadrature observation components in Section 6.2. While the derivation of the LO detector is somewhat long, the detector test statistic is easily interpreted as an intuitively reasonable quantity.
Surface Charge and Overlayer pH Influence the Dynamics of Supported Phospholipid Films.

Abstract Understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of interactions between model lipid bilayers and planar supports is of critical importance in the furtherance of biosensing and the creation of biomimetic devices. Evaluating these properties can be accomplished through understanding the diffusional properties of the bilayer constituents. In this report, the dynamics of a model DMPC bilayer supported on a phosphorylated silica surface are studied in the presence and absence of interfacial Ca2 + as a function of pH of the aqueous overlayer. The data for this system reveal the importance of the balance of ionic interactions between the interfacial species, and the dependence of the diffusional, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the system on pH. The thermodynamic data suggest that interactions between the bilayer and surface are mediated enthalpically rather than entropically.
New Resources and Strategies to Advance the AAP’s Values of Diversity, Inclusion, and Health Equity

* Abbreviation: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics The mission of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has always been to attain optimal health and well-being for all children. In recent decades, however, our understanding of the composition of “all children” has changed, and it will continue changing well into the future. By 2020, more than half of all US children will be racial or ethnic minorities; by 2044, no single racial or ethnic group will comprise a majority of the nation’s population.1 There is also a growing understanding of the wide variety of children’s lives and experiences and the needs of those who face social disparities; have special needs; are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning; or who experience adverse childhood experiences and toxic stress.2 The response to children’s varied life experiences and needs is complicated by the fact that these are perilous times for our nation’s children, who face increasing insecurity and challenges as they strive to develop and grow. Structural drivers of social disparities and income … Address correspondence to Karen Remley, MD, MBA, MPH, FAAP, American Academy of Pediatrics, 345 Park Blvd, Itasca, IL 60143. E-mail: kremley{at}aap.org
A Review of Interventions to Increase Vena Cava Filter Retrieval Rates.

Background Inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) are indicated for therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients when anticoagulation has failed or is contraindicated. Retrievable IVCFs are not always retrieved despite clinical recommendations. The purpose of this review is to compare results in the literature regarding interventions and to improve IVCF retrieval rates. Methods Articles were identified via the search terms “vena cava filters” and “inferior vena cava filters” in conjunction with “retrieval.” Searches were repeated in MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane database. Exclusion criteria included duplicates, misidentified subject matter, study period before 2008, and lack of control group. Two independent reviewers screened key elements in the identified manuscripts, including the targeted intervention population, study design, IVCF retrieval rates, and other outcomes. A third reviewer corroborated results and consolidated findings. Results Seventeen articles were identified for review. Of these, 12 were physician-targeted interventions, and 8 were patient-targeted interventions (3 studies included both). IVCF retrieval rates varied substantially for each study, but all reviewed studies reported improvement in retrieval rate following intervention. Only 5 studies reported decreased IVCF indwell times in intervention groups. Reported complication rates from IVCF retrievals were low, ranging from 0 to 2%. Conclusions IVCF retrieval rates were improved by all interventions in the reviewed studies. Findings suggest that IVCF retrieval rates can be best improved by tracking patients typically lost to follow-up. Literature suggests that successful tracking requires an individual or team of individuals who have been assigned dedicated clinical responsibility for coordinating care following IVCF placement.
Science for the Masses

Science today has become so specialized that it is seemingly impossible for a layperson to understand any but the most basic and general of topics. However, the vast majority of people do not even understand these. I presented the (unoriginal) hypothesis that the fault lies with the scientist. We will explored the possible shortcomings of ourselves as instigators of public investigation and interest in our subjects. No consensus was reached as to possible solutions.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Does it Affect Scores on Standardized Assessment Tests Used Within the Preclinical Curriculum?

OBJECTIVES An increasing number of medical schools are incorporating point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) into preclinical and clinical curricula. The ultimate effect of this teaching is unclear, and there has been no distinct link between ultrasound (US) learning and existing standardized student assessments. Additionally, neither optimal timing nor methods of POCUS integration have been established. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of US teaching on standardized objective assessments that already exist within the curriculum and, in doing so, discern a route for POCUS curricular integration. METHODS A longitudinal POCUS pilot curriculum was started in 2013, with the class of 2017. We collected basic science course results, standardized objective structured clinical examination scores, and United States Medical Licensing Examination step 1 scores from both the pilot group (n = 34) and matched control participants (n = 34) from the classes of 2017 and 2018. Scores between POCUS students and controls were analyzed by Student t tests. RESULTS Students participating in the longitudinal POCUS program scored significantly higher on the physical examination portion of their clinical skill objective structured clinical examination assessment than the control group (mean score, 89.2 versus 85.7; P < .05). This parameter was the only area with a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Point-of-care US program implementation may improve students' overall physical examination understanding and performance, even when US performance itself is not being tested. Introducing a POCUS curriculum may work best when designed in conjunction with the physical examination thread of a medical school curriculum.
A review of modeling interacting transient phenomena with non-equilibrium Green functions

As experimental probes have matured to observe ultrafast transient and high frequency responses of materials and devices, so to have the theoretical methods to numerically and analytically simulate time- and frequency-resolved transport. In this review article, we discuss recent progress in the development of the time-dependent and frequency-dependent non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) technique. We begin with an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of the underlying Kadanoff-Baym equations and derive the fundamental NEGF equations in the time and frequency domains. We discuss how these methods have been applied to a variety of condensed matter systems such as molecular electronics, nanoscale transistors, and superconductors. In addition, we survey the application of NEGF in fields beyond condensed matter, where it has been used to study thermalization in ultra-cold atoms and to understand leptogenesis in the early universe. Throughout, we pay special attention to the challenges of incorporating contacts and interactions, as the NEGF method is uniquely capable of accounting for such features.
Characterization of crystal structure and key residues of Aspergillus fumigatus nucleoside diphosphate kinase.

Abstract Aspergillus fumigatus is a major pathogen of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with high mortality rate. The nucleoside diphosphate kinase of A. fumigatus, AfNDK (also called SwoH) is essential for its viability, however, its structural characteristic was unknown. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of AfNDK and found that it exists predominantly in form of tetramer in solution. Oligomeric form rather than dimeric form was essential for its kinase activity. The Arg30 and the C terminal amino acids were crucial for dimer-dimer interaction and the viability of A. fumigatus. Mutation V83F might make the secondary structure α5 helix protrude outward so that the whole protein structure became unstable at higher temperature, which might subsequently result to the inviability of A. fumigatus under 44 °C. In conclusion, the crystal structure of AfNDK was for the first time analyzed and the stability of the tetrameric form with dimer-dimer interaction were crucial for its function in A. fumigatus.