cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Variational Ground-State for the $\nu=2/3$ Fractional Quantum Hall Regime

A variational $\nu=2/3$ state, which unifies the sharp edge picture of MacDonald with the soft edge picture of Chang and of Beenakker is presented and studied in detail. Using an exact relation between correlation functions of this state and those of the Laughlin $\nu=1/3$ wavefunction, the correlation functions of the $\nu=2/3$ state are determined via a classical Monte Carlo calculation, for systems up to $50$ electrons. It is found that as a function of the slope of the confining potential there is a sharp transition of the ground state from one description to the other. This transition should be observable in tunneling experiments through quantum dots.
Corn stalk orientation effect on mechanical cutting

Research efforts that increase the efficiency of size reduction of biomass can lead to a significant energy saving. This paper deals with the determination of the effect of sample orientation with respect to cutting element and quantify the possible cutting energy reduction, utilising dry corn stalks as the test material (15%e20% wet basis). To evaluate the mechanical cutting characteristics of corn stalks, a Warnere Bratzler device was modified by replacing its blunt edged cutting element with one having a 30_ single bevel sharp knife edge. Cutting force-deformation characteristics obtained with a universal testing machine were analysed to evaluate the orientation effects at perpendicular (90o), inclined (45o), and parallel (0o) orientations on internodes and nodes for cutting force, energy, ultimate stress, and specific energy of corn stalks. The corn stalks cutting force-displacement characteristics were found to differ with orientation, and internode and node material difference. Overall, the peak failure force, and the total cutting energy of internodes and nodes varied significantly (P < 0.05) with stalk cross-sectional area. The specific energy values (total energy per unit cut area) of dry corn stalk internodes ranged from 11.3 to 23.5 kN m_1, and nodes from 8.6 to 14.0 kN m_1. The parallel orientationmore » (along grain) compared to perpendicular (across grain) produced a significant reduction of the cutting stress and the specific energy to one tenth or better for internodes, and to about one-fifth for nodes.« less
Deformation of quench-hardened gold single crystals

Abstract The deformation of quench-hardened gold single crystals has been studied by observing stress-strain curves, formation and growth of slip bands, and slip channels at various testing temperatures (4.2° – 575°K). The plastic deformation took place exclusively in distinct slip bands and these slip bands correspond to slip channels which are free from tetrahedral stacking faults. The slip band density and average shear displacement per band were measured as functions of macroscopic deformation and found to satisfy the empirical relationships developed for the case of quenched-hardened aluminum. The nature of plastic deformation in quench-hardened gold is discussed on the basis of these observations.
Three-dimensional elastic displacements induced by a dislocation of polygonal shape in anisotropic elastic crystals

Abstract Dislocations and the elastic fields they induce in anisotropic elastic crystals are basic for understanding and modeling the mechanical properties of crystalline solids. Unlike previous solutions that provide the strain and/or stress fields induced by dislocation loops, in this paper, we develop, for the first time , an approach to solve the more fundamental problem—the anisotropic elastic dislocation displacement field. By applying the point-force Green’s function for a three-dimensional anisotropic elastic material, the elastic displacement induced by a dislocation of polygonal shape is derived in terms of a simple line integral. It is shown that the singularities in the integrand of this integral are all removable. The proposed expression is applied to calculate the elastic displacements of dislocations of two different fundamental shapes, i.e. triangular and hexagonal. The results show that the displacement jump across the dislocation loop surface exactly equals the assigned Burgers vector, demonstrating that the proposed approach is accurate. The dislocation-induced displacement contours are also presented, which could be used as benchmarks for future numerical studies.
Commentary Paper on Person Tracking With Audio-Visual Cues Using the Iterative Decoding Framework

This paper presents an information theoretic approach to the problem of fusing information from multiple disparate sources for the problem of person tracking. Specifically, the approach is presented for the use of audio-visual cues in tracking people in indoor environments.
Detailed computation of unsteady droplet dynamics

In this study, a detailed time-dependent calculation of the lifetime of a fuel droplet is presented. The calculation includes fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer in both the gas and liquid phases as the droplet radius changes with time. For a starting gas phase Reynolds number of 100, the transport processes are initially dominated by convection and then become conduction and diffusion controlled during the latter part of the droplet lifetime. A comparison between the calculated local drag and heat transfer and the estimates which would be obtained using availabe correlations shows that there is a very large deviation and, that the correlations will lead to incorrect results.
SOME OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS OF THE PULFRICH PHENOMENON.

The Pulfrich pendulum was evaluated as a potential screening device for the detection of anomalies of binocular vision. For this purpose, a booth was set up at the Kentucky State Fair (1964) and the general public invited to observe the pendulum and record their responses with the equipment provided. The obtained results indicate that a dichotomy can be achieved between those who have binocular vision and those who do not. However, gradations of binocular vision from poor to good cannot be achieved with the pendulum as presently understood. Contrary to explanatory theory the characteristic shape of the seen pendulum path was asymmetrical following the rule that the path was displaced away from the observer on the side of the filtered eye.
Crossing points of failure rates

Estimation of crossing points for two failure rate functions is considered. Asymptotic properties of the estimators of the crossing points and a test for determining whether the two failure rate curves cross each other in a given.
Stephen Girard (1750-1831) : a one-eyed American patriot

Stephen Girard trader, banker, millionaire, and patriot lived 81 full and exciting years. Apparently born with a blind or amblyopic right eye, he emigrated from Bordeaux. France, via Santa Domingo to the United States, and finally settled in Philadelphia, where he developed a successful maritime trade. Ultimately, Girard became the first multimillionaire in the United States. Extremely generous, he often walked from his home in the center of Philadelphia to his farm in what is now South Philadelphia distributing shoes to needy children. Probably Girard’s most heroic gestures were his gallant fight against the yellow fever epidemic in 1793 and his loan to the U.S. government during the War of 1812, which allowed the bankrupt country to continue the conflict and ultimately to win the war.
The morphology and connections of neurons in the gasping centre of adult rats

Neuronal activities in the intermediate reticular nucleus and adjacent lateral tegmental field are critical for the neurogenesis of the ventilatory pattern of gasping. We report herein the anatomical features of these neurons, their axonal projections and the location of neurons providing afferent inputs. These neuroanatomical evaluations were performed by iontophoretic injection of the tracer Neurobiotin into the region of the intermediate reticular nucleus of the rat. At the site of injection, neurons having soma of 30-50 microns were filled. Labelled axons and terminals were observed in ipsilateral regions which contain neurons having established functions in the control of ventilatory activity. These regions include the nucleus ambiguous and motor nuclei of the hypoglossal and facial nerves. In addition, axonal projections extended to the contralateral region of the intermediate reticular nucleus. From this contralateral region, retrograde tracing revealed projections to the site of injection. Similarly, many ipsilateral regions which received axonal terminals from the region of the intermediate reticular nucleus had reciprocal projections to this region. These anatomical results support the physiological observation that the neurogenesis of gasping involves a synchronized activation of diverse components of the brainstem ventilatory control system.
Effects of using organic wastes as soil amendments in urban horticultural practices in the District of Columbia

Abstract The yields of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) and mustard (Brassica juncea) plants, grown on a low‐pH, compacted silt‐loam soil, were generally significantly higher in plots treated with composted sewage sludge and composted yard wastes, than in plots receiving applications of commercial N‐P‐K fertilizer. The results of chemical and physical soil analyses indicated that apart from ameliorating the poor physical properties of the compacted soil, additions of the composted organic amendments significantly increased soil pH, organic matter content, and the available supplies of phosphate and magnesium in the soil. Chemical analyses of the edible portions of the plants for the uptake of heavy trace metals, such as lead and cadmium, indicated that the levels of these trace elements in the plants were not high enough to warrant any health concerns, and the levels were well within the acceptable ranges established by other researchers.
Contemporary labor patterns and maternal age.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate labor progress and length according to maternal age. METHODS Data were abstracted from the Consortium on Safe Labor, a multicenter retrospective study from 19 hospitals in the U.S. We studied 120,442 laboring gravid women with singleton, term, cephalic fetuses with normal outcomes and without a prior cesarean delivery from 2002 to 2008. Maternal age categories were younger than 20 years of age, 20-29 years of age, 30-39 years of age, and 40 years of age or older with the reference being younger than 20 years of age. Interval-censored regression analysis was used to determine median traverse times (progression centimeter by centimeter) with 95th percentiles adjusting for covariates (race, admission body mass index, diabetes, gestational age, induction, augmentation, epidural use, and birth weight). A repeated-measures analysis with an eighth-degree polynomial model was used to construct mean labor curves for each maternal age category stratified by parity. RESULTS Traverse times for nulliparous women demonstrated the time to progress from 4 to 10 cm decreased as age increased up to age 40 years (median 8.5 hours compared with 7.8 hours in those 20-29 years of age group and 7.4 hours in the 30-39 years of age group, P<.001); the length of the second stage with and without epidural increased with age (P<.001). For multiparous women, time to progress from 4 to 10 cm decreased as age increased (median 8.8 hours, 7.5, 6.7, and 6.5 from the youngest to oldest maternal age groups, P<.001). Labor progressed faster with increasing maternal age in both nulliparous and multiparous women in the labor curves analysis. CONCLUSION The first stage of labor progressed more quickly with increasing age for nulliparous women up to age 40 years and all multiparous women. Contemporary labor management should account for maternal age. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
Piezoresistive polysilicon film obtained by low-temperature aluminum-induced crystallization

Abstract A low-temperature deposition process employing aluminum-induced crystallization has been developed for fabrication of piezoresistive polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) films on low cost and flexible polyimide substrates for force and pressure sensing applications. To test the piezoresistive properties of the polysilicon films, prototype pressure sensors were fabricated on surface-micromachined silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) diaphragms, in a half-Wheatstone bridge configuration. Characterization of the pressure sensor was performed using atomic force microscope in contact mode with a specially modified probe-tip. Low pressure values ranging from 5 kPa to 45 kPa were achieved by this method. The resistance change was found to be − 0.1% to 0.5% and 0.07% to 0.3% for polysilicon films obtained at 500 °C and 400 °C, respectively, for the applied pressure range.
The effect of multiple cycles in oocyte donors

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether multiple controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles in oocyte donors affect the ovarian response, the oocytes retrieved, or the pregnancy rates. Study design A retrospective chart review of repeat donor in vitro fertilization cycles between 1992 and 2003 at the University of Cincinnati Center for Reproductive Health was performed. The variables that were examined included the peak estradiol level, the length of stimulation, the number of follicles >15 mm, the amount of gonadotropins that were used, the number of oocytes that were retrieved and inseminated, the average number of cells per embryo at the time of transfer, and the clinical pregnancy rates. Results A total of 107 in vitro fertilized donor oocyte cycles were analyzed, of which 45 young healthy women underwent at least 2 cycles and 17 women underwent 3 cycles. Donors who underwent a second or third cycle demonstrated no differences in the cycle parameters that were observed. Conclusion Repeated controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles in a donor population does not demonstrate a diminished ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins. Oocyte donors can undergo up to 3 stimulation cycles without a negative affect on the ovarian response to gonadotropins, the number of mature oocytes retrieved, the embryo quality, or the clinical pregnancy rate.
Behavior of copper ions in silica xerogels

Abstract Various concentrations of copper were introduced into tetraethoxyorthosilicate (Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 ) based xerogels by CuSO 4 solutions. After ambient drying and different thermal treatments, samples were characterized by gas adsorption, atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The behavior of Cu cations during aging and subsequent heating was deduced. Based on the experimental data, no direct metal–oxygen–silicon bonds were found in Cu concentrations up to 2000 ppm. After heating at 600 °C for 3 h, copper was observed as dispersed Cu ions and Cu polycrystals.
Lipin Is a Central Regulator of Adipose Tissue Development and Function in Drosophila melanogaster

Lipins are evolutionarily conserved proteins found from yeasts to humans. Mammalian and yeast lipin proteins have been shown to control gene expression and to enzymatically convert phosphatidate to diacylglycerol, an essential precursor in triacylglcerol (TAG) and phospholipid synthesis. Loss of lipin 1 in the mouse, but not in humans, leads to lipodystrophy and fatty liver disease. Here we show that the single lipin orthologue of Drosophila melanogaster (dLipin) is essential for normal adipose tissue (fat body) development and TAG storage. dLipin mutants are characterized by reductions in larval fat body mass, whole-animal TAG content, and lipid droplet size. Individual cells of the underdeveloped fat body are characterized by increased size and ultrastructural defects affecting cell nuclei, mitochondria, and autophagosomes. Under starvation conditions, dLipin is transcriptionally upregulated and functions to promote survival. Together, these data show that dLipin is a central player in lipid and energy metabolism, and they establish Drosophila as a genetic model for further studies of conserved functions of the lipin family of metabolic regulators. Neutral lipids, or triacylglycerols (TAG), are principal energy stores of the eukaryotic cell. Metazoans have evolved specialized tissues that store TAG and make free fatty acids or other derivatives of TAG available to other tissues. Besides having storage functions, these specialized adipose tissues participate in the control of energy homeostasis by producing and releasing hormones and other signaling molecules (21, 26).
Chronic disorders of consciousness

The vegetative state and the minimally conscious state are disorders of consciousness that can be acute and reversible or chronic and irreversible. Diffuse lesions of the thalami, cortical neurons, or the white-matter tracts that connect them cause the vegetative state, which is wakefulness without awareness. Functional imaging with PET and functional MRI shows activation of primary cortical areas with stimulation, but not of secondary areas or distributed neural networks that would indicate awareness. Vegetative state has a poor prognosis for recovery of awareness when present for more than a year in traumatic cases and for 3 months in non-traumatic cases. Patients in minimally conscious state are poorly responsive to stimuli, but show intermittent awareness behaviours. Indeed, findings of preliminary functional imaging studies suggest that some patients could have substantially intact awareness. The outcomes of minimally conscious state are variable. Stimulation treatments have been disappointing in vegetative state but occasionally improve minimally conscious state. Treatment decisions for patients in vegetative state or minimally conscious state should follow established ethical and legal principles and accepted practice guidelines of professional medical specialty societies.
A novel modular systolic array architecture for full-search block matching motion estimation

Proposes a modular systolic array architecture for the full-search block matching motion estimation algorithm (FBMA). With this novel architecture, the authors are able to generate a motion vector for every reference block in raster scan order while achieving 100% processor utilization and high throughput rate. Furthermore, they devised a scheme to save the pin count (I/O) by sharing memory units. This results in low memory bandwidth. This architecture is scalable in that it can easily be adapted to handle larger search ranges and different block sizes without increasing the effective latency.
Proximal reoperations after repaired acute type A aortic dissection.

Background Concerned with the associated risks of proximal reoperation, some have proposed an aggressive approach of aortic root replacement during emergent repair of acute type A aortic dissection. Because few data exist regarding late reoperations, we report outcomes of proximal reoperation after repaired type A aortic dissection. Methods Between January 1991 and March 2006, 63 patients underwent reoperation after previous repair for acute type A aortic dissection. Procedures performed at reoperation included ascending (94%, 59 of 63), total arch (62%, 39 of 63), elephant trunk (56%, 35 of 63), aortic valve replacement (38%, 24 of 63), aortic root (27%, 17 of 63), and coronary artery bypass graft (8%, 5 of 63). Preoperative, operative, and postoperative variables were analyzed retrospectively with regard to early and late mortality. Results Thirty-day mortality was 11.1% (7 of 63). No strokes occurred. Incidence of renal failure, respiratory failure, and bleeding was 6% (4 of 63), 23% (15 of 63), and 6% (4 of 63), respectively. Mean time from initial repair to reoperation was 69 months (range, 1 to 258). Procedure performed (root versus ascending/resuspension) at initial repair did not affect the time to reoperation ( p > 0.05). Median follow-up was 40 months; and 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival was 82%, 74%, and 62%, respectively. Multivariate predictors of late mortality were prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (odds ratio=6.5, p p p Conclusions Proximal reoperations for repaired acute type A aortic dissection can be performed with acceptable early and late mortality. The concern for proximal reoperation should not dictate the initial procedure choice during acute type A aortic dissection. Continued clinical and radiographic surveillance of repaired type A aortic dissection is warranted.
Oncocytoma of the Parotid Gland: A Potential False-Positive Finding on 18F-FDG PET

WEB This is a Web exclusive article. ET with 18F-FDG has been successfully used for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of many malignant tumors. PET is particularly useful for staging of head and neck tumors and for detecting recurrence [1]. Its utility in other settings, however, such as detection of non–squamous cell cancer of the head and neck and differentiating benign salivary gland tumors from malignant ones, is limited [2, 3]. This lack of usefulness may partly be explained by the poor anatomic localization of PET combined with variable physiologic uptake of FDG in the head and neck. These factors decrease the specificity of PET for head and neck cancer and thus increase the rate of false-positive findings. Combined PET/CT scanners, which fuse the functional data of PET with the anatomic data of CT, have shown promise in the evaluation of cancer of the head and neck [4]. Non–squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, particularly salivary gland tumors, however, have not been studied extensively with either PET or combined PET/CT. In cases that have been studied, the variable uptake from salivary gland tumors often causes false-negative results [4–6]. In addition, some benign tumors of the salivary glands, particularly Warthin’s tumor, show focal FDG uptake leading to false-positive results [2]. These false-positive findings reduce the utility of PET in differentiating benign salivary gland tumors from malignant tumors. We report a case of a benign parotid oncocytoma that had marked FDG avidity on PET/CT.
QM/MM refinement and analysis of protein bound retinoic acid

Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A derivative, which modifies the appearance of fine wrinkles and roughness of facial skin and treats acne and activates gene transcription by binding to heterodimers of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR). There are series of protein bound RA complexes available in the protein databank (PDB), which provides a broad range of information about the different bioactive conformations of RA. In order to gain further insights into the observed bioactive RA conformations we applied quantum mechanic (QM)/molecular mechanic (MM) approaches to re-refine the available RA protein-ligand complexes. MP2 complete basis set (CBS) extrapolations single energy calculations are also carried out for both the experimental conformations and QM optimized geometries of RA in the gas as well as solution phase. The results demonstrate that the re-refined structures show better geometries for RA than seen in the originally deposited PDB structures through the use of quantum mechanics for the ligand in the X-ray refinement procedure. QM/MM re-refined conformations also reduced the computed strain energies found in the deposited crystal conformations for RA. Finally, the dependence of ligand strain on resolution is analyzed. It is shown that ligand strain is not converged in our calculations and is likely an artifact of the typical resolutions employed to study protein-ligand complexes.
Interaction Between Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs: Review of the Literature

Objective. To evaluate the evidence of an interaction between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) producing an increased risk for gastrointestinal adverse outcomes such as bleeding. Methods. We searched MEDLINE for English-language literature published between 1966 and August 2005. All studies examining gastrointestinal adverse effects from an SSRI-NSAID combination were included. Data Synthesis. Four retrospective studies examined gastrointestinal adverse outcomes from the combination of SSRIs and NSAIDs. The risk ratio for an upper gastrointestinal bleed from this drug combination (compared with not receiving either agent) ranged from 3.3–15.6, and the risk ratio for gastrointestinal adverse effects was 12.4. Two studies found that the risk for an upper gastrointestinal bleed from the drug combination exceeded the additive risk of the agents alone. The risk ratio for an upper gastrointestinal bleed from an SSRI-aspirin interaction was 1.9–7.2. In addition, the number needed to harm in terms of an upper gastrointestinal bleed from an SSRI-NSAID combination ranged from 62–75 patient-years, and the number needed to harm for gastrointestinal adverse effects was 2 patient-years. Conclusion. Concurrent use of an SSRI and NSAID increases the risk of gastrointestinal adverse outcomes such as bleeding. Clinicians must take care to avoid these negative outcomes by altering NSAID or SSRI therapy, or by providing ulcer-protective drugs.
P protein in the phloem of Cucurbita. I. The development of P-protein bodies.

Light and electron microscopical observations of the cells of the phloem of Cucurbita maxima have shown that two distinct types of P-protein bodies are formed: a larger type which arises as fine fibrils and a smaller type which apparently arises as groups of tubules. The tubules of the smaller type of body measure 242 ± 3.6 (SE) A (n = 48) and appear morphologically identical with the P1-protein tubules of Nicotiana tabacum L. In some of these P1-protein bodies the tubules are arranged in a regular manner with a center-to-center distance of 295 A. The P protein of the larger type of P-protein body is first apparent in the cytoplasm as small aggregates of fine fibrils. This P-protein component has been designated P3 protein. As the P3 protein accumulates it is organized into large bodies. Some of these bodies contain only P3 protein, others a tubular form of protein, and still others a combination of P3 protein and a tubular form. This variability indicates that there is a developmental sequence of the formation of tubules from the P3-protein fibrils. These tubules measure 179 ± 8.2 (SE) A (n = 31) and have been designated P4 protein.
An approach to generating network requirements

A formal technique is presented for generating traffic matrices for distributed data networks. Traffic matrices are used by engineers to design new networks or, more typically, plan for changes in an existing network. The technique combines measured data from proposed design changes to calculate a set of traffic matrices. Network hardware and applications are defined by a weighted connection matrix. Traffic is estimated using a set of statistics for different types of applications. >
Dichloro[[2‐(1‐methylethoxy‐O)phenyl]‐methylene] (tricyclohexylphosphine) Ruthenium

[203714-71-0] C28H45Cl2OPRu (MW 600.61) InChI = 1S/C18H33P.C10H12O.2ClH.Ru/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;1-8(2)11-10-7-5-4-6-9(10)3;;;/h16-18H,1-15H2;3-8H,1-2H3;2*1H;/q;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = KMKCJXPECJFQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L (well-defined, stable ruthenium carbene used as a recyclable olefin metathesis catalyst) Physical Data: mp 200–201 °C. Solubility: dichloromethane, chloroform, benzene, alcohols, and other organic solvents. Form Supplied in: dark brown crystalline solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: carbene proton appears as a doublet (JPH = 4.4 Hz) by 1H NMR at 17.44 ppm. Preparative Methods: prepared by the treatment of Cl2Ru(PPh3)3 with 2-isopropoxyphenyldiazomethane in dichloromethane at −78 °C for 10 min. The PPh3 ligand is readily exchanged upon treatment with 2.0 equiv of PCy3 in dichloromethane. Purity: silica gel chromatography and recrystallization as thin needles by dissolution in warm hexanes and subsequent storage at 0 °C. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable indefinitely in air as a solid; oxidation of the carbene unit occurs slowly (weeks or months) when dissolved in non-distilled, non-degassed solvents.
Gaussian Mixture Modeling of vowel durations for automated assessment of non-native speech

This paper investigates using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based vowel duration features for automated assessment of non-native speech. Two different types of models were compared: a single GMM trained on a reference corpus of native speech and separate GMMs for different proficiency levels trained on a large corpus of scored non-native speech. 13 vowel categories were evaluated separately (after normalization by rate of speech), and a multiple regression model was used to evaluate the performance of all vowel categories combined. Experiments on an English language proficiency assessment show that the non-native speech GMMs outperform the native speech GMMs, and that all 13 vowels have significant correlations with human scores when the non-native speech GMMs are used. The multiple regression combination obtained correlations with human scores of 0.71 when transcriptions were used to extract the vowel durations and 0.64 when the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) output was used. The experiments demonstrate that the vowel duration feature based on non-native speech GMMs is a useful predictor of L2 proficiency and is robust to different datasets and situations.
SAS kernel: streaming as a service kernel for correlated multi-streaming

This paper presents a novel paradigm of Streaming as a Service (SAS) to model correlated multi-streaming in Distributed Interactive Multimedia Environments. We propose SAS Kernel, a generic, distributed, and modular service kernel realizing SAS paradigm. SAS Kernel features high exibility by employing a configurable interface to allow for input of correlated multi-streams (bundle of streams) from diverse types of sensory devices. It is also highly extensible by allowing user-controlled functions to be applied to bundle of streams in runtime. Experiments with real-world applications demonstrate that the SAS Kernel incurs low overhead in delay, CPU, and bandwidth demands.
Doppler Ultrasound, Laser Doppler, and Perfusion Fluorometry in Bowel Ischemia

• Improved accuracy and objectivity in the evaluation of Intestinal viability has been reported by some investigators using Doppler ultrasound, and more recently laser Doppler velocimetry and perfusion fluorometry. To compare the sensitivity and clinical applicability of these techniques, intestinal viability was evaluated by each method in nine 15- to 50-cm loops of small bowel prepared by division of the mesenteric vasculature in five anesthetized dogs. The sensitivity of Doppler ultrasound was 86%, of laser Doppler flow velocity 85%, of laser Doppler index 94%, and of perfusion fluorometry 95%. Though the sensitivity of Doppler ultrasound is significantly less than that of laser Doppler and perfusion fluorometry, this is not unexpected since the latter two techniques are more quantitative than Doppler ultrasound. Clinically, Doppler ultrasound compares favorably with laser Doppler and perfusion fluorometry, and its low cost and simplicity suggest its adjunctive use in the operative setting. ( Arch Surg 1988;123:483-486)
Trends of key advanced device technologies

Silicon CMOS technology has followed Moore's law over the past two decodes. It is still on the predicted curve, and it appears that the trend will continue into the next decade. The SIA roadmap published by Sematech in 1994 predicted the progress of semiconductor technology fairly well. Expectations based on the SIA roadmap are now being exceeded; for example, as announced by many companies, the projected 0.25 /spl mu/m production in 1998 will be met in 1997. Other technologies continue to make progress, along with silicon CMOS technology. The distinctive ones are Thin Film Silicon on insulator (TFSOI), Complementary Gallium Arsenide (CGaAs), and Graded-Channel CMOS (GCMOS). This paper will discuss the status, potential and hurdles of these technologies.
Reversal of tumorigenicity and the block to differentiation in erythroleukemia cells by GATA-1

Oncogenic transformation usually inhibits normal cell differentiation processes. Certain chemical agents can force some tumor cells to resume their differentiation program and undergo cell cycle arrest, an approach termed differentiation therapy. Mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells represent an important cell culture model system for investigating the principles of differentiation therapy. MEL cells are malignant erythroblasts that are blocked from differentiating into mature erythroid cells because of inappropriate expression of the transcription factor PU.1, which binds to and represses GATA-1, a key transcriptional stimulator of red blood cell differentiation. We report here that the block to differentiation in MEL cells can be overcome by providing the cells with additional GATA-1. A conditionally active form of GATA-1 can trigger the cells to differentiate, undergo terminal cell division, and lose their tumorigenicity. We also show that the gene for the cell cycle inhibitor p21 is transcriptionally regulated by GATA-1 and is a likely downstream effector of GATA-1 that helps to promote differentiation and proliferation arrest.
Linear Programming Models For Multi-Channel P2P Streaming Systems

Most of the commercial P2P video streaming deployments support hundreds of channels and are referred to as multichannel systems. Measurement studies show that bandwidth resources of different channels are highly unbalanced and thus recent research studies have proposed various protocols to improve the streaming qualities for all channels by enabling cross-channel cooperation among multiple channels. However, there is no general framework for comparing existing and potential designs for multi-channel P2P systems. The goal of this paper is to establish tractable models for answering the fundamental question in multi-channel system designs: Under what circumstances, should a particular design be used to achieve the desired streaming quality with the lowest implementation complexity? To achieve this goal, we first classify existing and potential designs into three categories, namely Naive Bandwidth allocation Approach (NBA), Passive Channel-aware bandwidth allocation Approach (PCA) and Active Channel-aware bandwidth allocation Approach (ACA). Then, we define the bandwidth satisfaction ratio as a performance metric to develop linear programming models for the three designs. The proposed models are independent of implementations and can be efficiently solved due to the linear property, which provides a way of numerically exploring the design space of multi-channel systems and developing closedform solutions for special systems.
Using Aplia In Finance Classes: Student Perspectives And Performance

The author, an early adopter of Aplia, describes the use of Aplia both pre- and post-acquisition by Cengage Learning. Students improve their exam scores (by 5 to 7 percent) and are receptive to using Aplia. Students report despite spending between 7 and 9 hours a week on Aplia assignments, they would gravitate to future offerings that included Aplia assignments.
Andrew Jackson, Southerner Mark R. Cheathem. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2013.

Andrew Jackson, Southerner Mark R. Cheathem. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2013.Two centuries later, Andrew Jackson remains one of the most controversial of all American historical figures. His life, stretching from 1767 to 1845, was covered in detail after his death in biographies such as The Life of Andrew Jackson (1911), The Reign of Andrew Jackson: A Chronicle of the Frontier in Politics (1914), and Andrew Jackson: Symbol of an Age (1955). More recently, texts such as Andrew Jackson and FI is Tennessee Lieutenants: A Study in Political Culture (1997), The Passions of Andrew Jackson (2003), and American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House (2008) have looked back on the President through more critical contemporary perspectives. As recent as 2014, James Fester released a history lesson on the popular TED-Ed site titled "History v. Andrew Jackson," in which he begins "A national hero? Or public enemy number one? Historical figures were often controversial, but few were as deified or vilified in their lifetime as the seventh President of the United States." Thus, one may be forgiven for thinking there is little left to say about Jackson. Mark R. Cheathem's Andrew Jackson, Southerner (2013), however, provides a fresh take on this polarizing figure, centering his examination on the notion of the southerner to better understand the symbolic implications of many of Jackson's personal and political decisions.In 2007, Cheathem, now an associate professor of history at Cumberland University in Tennessee, published Old Hickory's Nephew: The Political and Private Struggles of Andrew Jackson Donelson under the same "Southern Biography" series at Louisiana State University. In it, he argued that this overlooked political figure (Jackson's nephew) played an important role in the southern political, journalistic, and diplomatic fields during the nineteenth century. With his new work, Cheathem takes on the history of Jackson himself, showing the President's personal struggle to construct a personal reputation and professional career within the mores of nineteenth-century ideals of masculinity and honor in the south.Jackson's heroism as a self-made frontiersman, who fought off violent natives and helped expand the country westward, as well as his vilification for brawling and gambling with disreputable characters and displacing countless African slaves and Native Americans during his presidency, has been well documented. …
MATERIALS, DESIGN, AND INNOVATION IN NONMAJORS SCIENCE EDUCATION

In-depth materials science course offerings are crucial for training the next generation of researchers in many pure and applied fields. However, translating discoveries from the laboratory into domestic and industrial settings requires contributions from professionals outside of these strictly technical areas. Providing non-major students instruction in core scientific ideas and illustrating the myriad pathways by which these ideas become innovative technologies should be an additional goal of science and engineering programs. “Technologies of the Future” (ToF) is a novel course for non-science/engineering majors in which students participate in team-based laboratory and design projects with modern materials systems. After learning about a phenomenon or physical principle in class, students are given the opportunity to explore it in lab and are tasked with the design of a novel device that incorporates it. Example laboratory topics include superhydrophobic surfaces and dye-sensitized solar cells. In the design phase, instructors act as “consultants”, lending their expertise to students unfamiliar with engineering analysis or ancillary physical concepts. Summative activities are designed to leverage the diverse talents of the interdisciplinary teams of students. The course concepts and activities are designed to prepare students for both a modern workplace that requires innovative thinking and a modern world in which emerging technologies offer solutions to pressing environmental and social problems.
5. The Cross as the Fulfilment of Old Testament Understandings of Sickness: A Contribution to a New Testament Understanding of Sickness

5. The Cross as the Fulfilment of Old Testament Understandings of Sickness: A Contribution to a New Testament Understanding of Sickness
The role of excitation wavelength on debris for Co2 and Nd:YAG laser-produced plasma EUVL sources

Current visible and ultraviolet light imprinting methods for manufacturing computer chips have reached their maximum limitations and the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region has been selected as a possible successor. While extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) offers a solution to advancing Moore's Law, several problems persist pursuant to large-scale industrial and high volume manufacturing. Laser produced plasmas (LPP) from tin targets have been demonstrated to emit EUV radiation (13.5 nm light) with an industrially acceptable conversion efficiency, although debris accumulation on the collector optics is still an issue.1
Using an encompassing framework to evaluate policies that reduce vehicle emissions

An encompassing regulatory framework is used to evaluate environmental policies that reduce vehicle emissions. Policy goals include emission reduction, equitable impacts, the minimization of administrative and compliance costs and, in the case of taxes or fees, the efficient use of revenue. Because resources are scarce, it is unlikely that the regulator will achieve each goal. By contrasting emission fees, gasoline taxes, and command–and–control regulation, this paper analyzes regulatory tradeoffs and finds that incentive policy has the greatest potential of reducing vehicle emissions and achieving other policy goals.
Measuring the α/SF Branching Ratio of 252Cf with the NIFFTE TPC

Abstract A fission TPC is being developed to measure the energy-dependent neutron induced fission cross sections of the major and minor actinides to an accuracy of better than 1%. Achieving such an accuracy will depend in part, on the ability of the TPC to provide precise tracking and identification of charged particles. A measurement of the α -decay to spontaneous fission branching ratio of 252 Cf used to benchmark the performance of the TPC will be discussed.
Salt as a Factor in Edema Formation Following Plasmapheresis.

ConclusionsLowering plasma proteins to below 3% and osmotic pressure of plasma colloids to below 10 mm. produces a tendency to edema formation. The edema is very slight and does not increase rapidly until XaC1 is given, when the urinary output falls suddenly and massive edema appears.
Modeling of void fraction covariance in two-phase flows with phase change

Abstract The void fraction covariance, which accounts for non-uniformity in the void fraction distribution in the one-dimensional two-fluid model, has been shown to be critical for accurate prediction of the area-averaged interfacial drag force. Defined as the ratio of area-averaged square of void fraction to the square of the area-averaged void fraction, the void fraction covariance, which historically has been treated as unity, is analyzed for gas-dispersed flows undergoing phase change. The covariance is shown to be very large in subcooled boiling where the void fraction is highly non-uniform, which highlights the benefit of the bubble layer thickness averaged two-fluid model. In condensing and flashing flow the void fraction covariance is shown to be significant, having a very large impact on the interfacial drag force as the void fraction increases. The void fraction covariance is studied for its impact on the classical area-averaged two-fluid model, bubble-layer averaged two-fluid model, and area-averaged multiple bubble group two-fluid model. A simple set of correlations are proposed for easy implementation into the existing drag equations, and are shown to agree very well with experimental data.
Accurate Research Results? A Social Desirability Bias Investigation

When marketing researchers construct scales to measure attitudes and/or behavior, we are hoping to elicit consumers’ true feelings or actual behaviors with regard to some phenomenon. When individuals respond to surveys, however, a variety of factors influence the accuracy of their responses. Their particular mood at the time, the topics and ideas which are uppermost on their minds, their ability to understand the questions, their motivation to take the survey seriously, etc. Issues of questionnaire design and wording often address these concerns: how to design and word a survey to overcome these problems. One issue which has received less attention than others is social desirability bias. Social desirability bias refers to the tendency of respondents to provide answers which present them in a favorable light, regardless of their actual attitudes or behaviors.
Case Report Section Three Cases of Circumscribed Pulmonary Opacities Simulating Tumor

It is now 35 years since the report of the Framingham Demonstration by the National Tuberculosis Association’3 and 60 years since the discovery of Roentgen rays. In the intervening period there has been a vast increase in the use of routine chest radiography and mass population x-ray surveys. In consequence, clinicians have been confronted more and more with the problem presented by the diagnosis and treatment of circumscribed pulmonary radiodensities, often called “coin lesions.” Though lesions of this type had previously been noted, it was not until relatively recently that thoracic surgery, with the impetus of improved techniques and accumulated experience, better anesthesia and the aid of antibiotics, has become a feasible procedure for the routine investigation of undiagnosed pulmonary disease. In 1936 Graham and Singer6 reported the resection of pulmonary lesions simulating tumor. They found them to be tuberculomas. Alexander’ in 1942 called attention to the problem of intrathoracic neoplasms. Subsequently, an extensive literature has appeared on the subject. Among these lesions there are always found a number of tumors which are indistinguishable from the benign densities except by histological examination. Surgical excision, therefore, has been repeatedly advocated as the only safe therapy. The pertinent question has become, not whether a lesion of this type should be nesected, but whether it is capable of complete removal. The procedure to be followed in the period between the finding of the radiographic abnormality and the point at which thoracotomy is performed has received relatively little attention. This, in spite of the large percentage of inflammatory, granulomatous and cystic opacities exclusive of tuberculomas, reported in some large series. Overholt1#{176} found 26 per cent (52 in 200 cases), including a large number of shadows due to bronchiectasis (Table I). Abeles and Ehrlich2 encountered 19 per cent (4 in 21 cases), while Davis and Klepser observed 11 per cent (8 in 71 cases). Storey et al,’1 on the other hand, found only a xanthogranuloma and one coccidioma in 67 cases, both of which are relatively unchangeable and require excision for diagnosis. Findings of other authors have fallen somewhere between these latitudes (Table I). Effier, Blades and Marks4 find no inflammatory lesions in young service personnel but a high incidence of tubenculomas and 29 per cent cysts (7 in 24 cases). Flavell5 tells of a small abscess From the Medical Service,Veterans Administration Hospital.
A 58.6mW real-time programmable object detector with multi-scale multi-object support using deformable parts model on 1920×1080 video at 30fps

This paper presents a programmable, energy-efficient and real-time object detection accelerator using deformable parts models (DPM), with 2× higher accuracy than traditional rigid body models. With 8 deformable parts detection, three methods are used to address the high computational complexity: classification pruning for 33× fewer parts classification, vector quantization for 15× memory size reduction, and feature basis projection for 2× reduction of the cost of each classification. The chip is implemented in 65nm CMOS technology, and can process HD (1920×1080) images at 30fps without any off-chip storage while consuming only 58.6mW (0.94nJ/pixel, 1168 GOPS/W). The chip has two classification engines to simultaneously detect two different classes of objects. With a tested high throughput of 60fps, the classification engines can be time multiplexed to detect even more than two object classes. It is energy scalable by changing the pruning factor or disabling the parts classification.