cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Healthy eating index of black and white older adults

Abstract The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a measure of dietary quality that was developed to capture the multi-dimensional aspects of eating patterns and to track diet quality over time. We computed HEI scores based on responses to food frequency questionnaires among 4,932 participants in the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), an ongoing population-based study of adults aged 65 years and older (61% black; 39% white). The average HEI score for the CHAP population was 70.7, below the range of 80–100 defined as a “good” diet by the USDA. Scores varied significantly by race and gender. White women had the highest HEI scores (mean, 73.5;n = 1198) followed by black women (mean, 71.5; n = 1797) and white men (mean, 70.5;n = 744). Black men had the lowest scores (mean, 66.8; n = 1193). Many older urban adults, and in particular, older black men, may have diets that are inadequate according to USDA dietary recommendations.
The Gubbio Papers: historic centers in the age of the economic miracle

World War II is over. Italy is radically transformed with new modes of production and consumption, of thinking and dreaming, of living the present, remembering the past, and projecting the future. Here is the end of an 'old' archaic Italy, and the beginning of a 'modern' one, which rethinks its own national identity on the basis of its 'Atlantic' collocation and Marshallized economy - but also as resistance to an 'Americanization' of its culture. An emblematic episode in this reconstruction of Italy is the discussion, opened by the Gubbio Papers in the early 1960s, on the ­'management' of Italy's artistic 'patrimony'. The restoration of Italy's historic centers, aimed at avoiding American urban sprawl and the culture of US neo-capitalism, engenders, however, new and more peculiar problems - last but not the least the 'museumification' of both Italy's culture and its past. This article frames the Gubbio 'solution' within the larger contemporary debate concerning the models of economic and cultural developm...
Poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism in proliferating versus quiescent cells and its relationship to their radiation responses.

SummaryIn the murine tumour cell lines 66 and 67 growing in vitro, quiescent (Q; unfed plateau-phase) cells are more sensitive to X-ray-induced cell killing than are proliferating (P) cells, while St4 cells (Q cells that have been re-fed and returned to 37°C for 4 h) are similar to P cells in radiosensitivity. We have been investigating parameters of poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism in order to determine whether such factors contribute to the variations in radiosensitivity of these growth states. These parameters were cellular NAD content, the activity of poly(ADP-ribose) transferase (ADPRT) in permeabilized cells and the activity of poly(ADP-ribose)-degrading enzymes. The results suggests that in line 66, but not 67, a reduced ability to regenerate NAD following irradiation was associated with the reduced survival of Q cells. However, neither the baseline activity of ADPRT nor the degree of stimulation of ADPRT by X-rays was found to correlate with survival, or with the induction and repair of DNA strand brea...
A gate-level leakage power reduction method for ultra-low-power CMOS circuits

In order to reduce the power dissipation of CMOS products, semiconductor manufacturers are reducing the power supply voltage. This requires that the transistor threshold voltages be reduced as well to maintain adequate performance and noise margins. However, this increases the subthreshold leakage current of p and n MOSFETs, which starts to offset the power savings obtained from power supply reduction. This problem will worsen in future generations of technology, as threshold voltages are reduced further. In order to overcome this, we propose a design technique that can be used during logic design in order to reduce the leakage current and power. We target designs where parts of the circuit are put in "standby" mode when not in use, which is becoming a common approach for low power design. The proposed design changes consist of minimal overhead circuitry that puts the circuit into a "low leakage standby state", whenever it goes into standby, and allows it to return to its original state when it is reactivated. We give an efficient algorithm for computing a good low leakage power state. We demonstrate this method on the ISCAS-89 benchmark suite and show leakage power reductions of up to 54% for some circuits.
Contract as Automaton: The Computational Representation of Financial Agreements

We show that the fundamental legal structure of a well-written financial contract follows a state transition logic that can be formalized mathematically as a finite-state machine (also known as a finite state automaton). The automaton defines the states that a financial relationship can be in, such as “default,” “delinquency,” “performing,” etc., and it defines an “alphabet” of events that can trigger state transitions, such as “payment arrives,” “due date passes,” etc. The core of a contract describes the rules by which different sequences of event arrivals trigger particular sequences of state transitions in the relationship between the counter parties. By conceptualizing and representing the legal structure of a contract in this way, we expose it to a range of powerful tools and results from the theory of computation. These allow, for example, automated reasoning to determine whether a contract is internally coherent and whether it is complete relative to a particular event alphabet. We illustrate the process by representing a simple loan agreement as an automaton.
Molecular forensics in avian conservation: a DNA-based approach for identifying mammalian predators of ground-nesting birds and eggs

Background The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a ground-nesting bird from the Northern Rocky Mountains and a species at risk of extinction in in multiple U.S. states and Canada. Herein we report results from a proof of concept that mitochondrial and nuclear DNAs from mammalian predator saliva could be non-invasively collected from depredated greater sage-grouse eggshells and carcasses and used for predator species identification. Molecular forensic approaches have been applied to identify predators from depredated remains as one strategy to better understand predator–prey dynamics and guide management strategies. This can aid conservation efforts by correctly identifying predators most likely to impact threatened and endangered species. DNA isolated from non-invasive samples around nesting sites (e.g. fecal or hair samples) is one method that can increase the success and accuracy of predator species identification when compared to relying on nest remains alone.
Single-molecule detection of proteins using nanopores

Recently, protein and synthetic nanopores have been employed extensively as single-molecule probes to illuminate the functional features of proteins, including their binding affinity to different ligands, backbone flexibility, enzymatic activity and folding state. In this chapter, I present a brief overview in this emerging area of biosensing. The underlying principle of detection is that the device is based upon a single nanopore drilled into an insulating membrane, which is immersed in a symmetric chamber containing electrolyte solution. The application of a transmembrane potential across the membrane will enable the recording of a well-defined electric current due to the flow of ions crossing the nanopore. The partitioning of single proteins into the interior of the nanopore is detected by discrete current fluctuations that depend upon the interaction between the proteins and the nanopore. The detection mechanisms include chemical modification and genetic engineering of protein nanopores, electrophoretic capture of proteins via movable nucleic acid arms, and functionalization of the inner surface of synthetic nanopores. This approach holds promise for the exploration of proteins at high temporal and spatial resolution. Moreover, nanopore probe techniques can be employed in high-throughput devices used in biomedical molecular diagnosis and environmental monitoring.
Experimental Investigation of Jet Mixing Mechanism of Co-Flow Jet Airfoil

The jet mixing of a co-flow jet (CFJ) airfoil is investigated to understand the mechanism of lift enhancement, drag reduction, and stall margin increase. Digital Particle Image Velocimetry, flow visualization and aerodynamic forces measurements are used to reveal the insight of the CFJ airfoil mixing process. At low AoA and low momentum coefficient, the mixing between the wall jet and mainflow is dominant with large structure coherent structures for the attached flows. When the momentum coefficient is increased, the large vortex structure disappears. At high AoA with flow separation, the CFJ creates a upstream flow strip between two counter rotating vertical shear layer, i.e., the outer shear layer and inner flow induced by CFJ. The UFS is characterized with large vortex free region. The co-flow wall jet is deflected normal to the airfoil surface characterized with a saddle point. With increased momentum coefficient of the CFJ, the saddle point moves downstream and eventually disappears when the flow is attached. Turbulence plays a key role in mixing the CFJ with mainflow to transport high kinetic energy from the jet to mainflow so that the mainflow can remain attached at high AoA to generate high lift. When the flow is separated, increased CFJ momentum coefficient also increases the turbulence intensity at jet injection mixing region.
Prophylactic pasireotide administration following pancreatic resection reduces cost while improving outcomes.

Background and Objectives Pasireotide decreases leak rates after pancreatic resection, though significant drug cost may be prohibitive. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to determine whether prophylactic pasireotide possesses a reasonable cost profile. Methods A cost-effectiveness model compared pasireotide administration after pancreatic resection versus usual care, populated by probabilities of clinical outcomes from a randomized trial and hospital costs (2013 US$) from a university pancreatic disease center. Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify influential clinical components of the model. Results With the cost of pasireotide included, per patient costs of pancreatectomy, including those for readmission, were lower in the intervention arm (41,769 versus 42,159$; net savings of 390$, or 1%). This was associated with a 56% reduction in pancreatic fistula/pancreatic leak/abscess (PF/PL/A; 21.9–9.2%). Pasireotide cost would need to increase by over 15.4% to make the intervention strategy more costly than usual care. Sensitivity analyses exploring variability of key model inputs demonstrated that the three strongest drivers of cost were (i) cost of pasireotide; (ii) probability of readmission; and (iii) probability of PF/PL/A. Conclusions Prophylactic pasireotide administration following pancreatectomy is cost savings, reducing expensive post-operative sequealae (major complications and readmissions). Pasireotide should be utilized as a cost-saving measure in pancreatic resection. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Examining teacher perceptions of creativity: A systematic review of the literature

Abstract As an increasingly globalized society creates knowledge-based economies, the need for schools to foster creativity in students intensifies. Teachers have much to gain by fostering creativity in the classroom, but are teachers’ conceptions of creativity accurate or misguided? There is a need to investigate perceptions of creativity held by teachers to better understand how to actualize classroom environments rich in creative thinking and practice. The current study explores K-12 teachers’ perceptions of creativity through a systematic review and thematic analysis of the current literature. Selected studies included empirical quantitative and qualitative investigations published in high quality journals from 1999 to 2015. The thematic findings of this review afford a deeper understanding of teachers’ perceptions of creativity both for research and for practice. Our analysis revealed that although teachers value creativity, their conceptions of creativity are uninformed by theory and research on creativity. Teachers feel unprepared to foster or identify creativity in their classrooms; they equate creativity with the arts; and personal and cultural beliefs affect their perceptions of creativity and creative students. Implications for future research indicate a need for qualitative research that seeks to understand teacher perceptions of creativity in depth as they relates to both the classroom context, teachers’ backgrounds in education and training, and the overall discourse of creativity in education.
266 PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF ESOPHAGEAL PH MONITORING DURING INFANCY ON SYMPTOMS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN CHILDREN.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) commonly causes regurgitation in infancy. The prognosis of GERD in infants is excellent as symptoms of vomiting and irritability resolve in the majority of patients by 1 year of age. Few longitudinal studies have evaluated the incidence of symptoms of GERD in children who had GERD in infancy. The aim of this study is to determine whether GERD in infancy is associated with increased symptoms of GERD in childhood. Parents of 50 children (child9s age at the time of survey 8.3 ± 1.7 yr, mean ± SD, 54% male) who underwent 24-hr esophageal pH monitoring in infancy were asked about current symptoms of GERD by telephone survey. The incidence of symptoms in children who had an abnormal pH study in infancy (Johnson-DeMeester score) were compared to those with normal pH study results. We conclude that children who had GERD with abnormal esophageal pH monitoring in infancy are more likely to experience heartburn and excessive belching in childhood. Abnormal esophageal pH study results in infancy may be prognostic of an increased risk of symptoms of GERD later in childhood.
Measurement of the Migrant Workers' Employment Stability Based on the Macro perspective

Based on the macro measurement index of the migrant workers' employment stability and analysis of monitoring report on national migrant workers from 2008to 2013,the paper finds that the growth rate of migrant workers and employment elasticity coefficient fluctuate significantly,and migrant workers' employment conversion rate between different industries is not high.Rapid growth in labor supply,slowing economic growth and comparative low labor demand are the main reasons for unstable employment of migrant workers.
SU-F-I-44: Using the Air Signal to Characterize Image Noise in CT

Purpose: With increasing emphasis on CT image quality and low dose, quality activities analyzing noise levels in images will need to be increasingly automated. This work describes a new automated method for characterizing noise in CT. To obviate the need to segment out anatomical structure, this work introduces the use of noise statistics of air to understand the noise in the scanned object. Methods: Scans of a uniform water phantom were acquired at four dose levels. Using a modified version of the global noise index, the image noise was calculated in both the air surrounding the phantom and in the phantom itself. The method involved subtracting adjacent image slices, breaking up the image into 7 mm square regions of interest (ROI), thresholding the ROIs by CT number to only include ROIs of air or water, and then taking the mean of the air or water ROIs’ standard deviation values. We refer to this metric as the meanGNI. Results: Not only does the meanGNI within the phantom decrease as dose increases, but also the meanGNI in the air exhibits the same behavior. Conclusion: The meanGNI in air is a useful proxy for meanGNI or GNI in the scanned object. Our air based method does not involve any edge detection or advanced signal processing. Therefore, no tuning of segmentation parameters is needed to be applicable to different types of anatomy (e.g. brain vs. lung). Research and equipment support provided by GE Healthcare.
An Evaluation of Instructive Feedback to Teach Play Behavior to a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Instructive feedback is used to expose learners to secondary targets during skill acquisition programs (Reichow & Wolery, in Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44, 327–340, 2011; Werts, Wolery, Gast, & Holcombe, in Journal of Behavioral Education, 5, 55–75, 1995). Although unrelated feedback may have clinical utility in practice, very little research has evaluated unrelated instructive feedback, particularly for promoting play behavior (Colozzi, Ward, & Crotty, in Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 43, 226–248, 2008). The purpose of the study was to determine if play emerged after embedding instructive feedback during the consequence portion of discrete trial training to teach tacts. An adapted alternating treatments design was used to compare tact training with and without instructive feedback for play behaviors. Instructive feedback resulted in the emergence of play behaviors during tabletop instruction and a play area of a classroom. We discuss the results in terms of clinical practice and future research.
Experimental constraints on the damp peridotite solidus and oceanic mantle potential temperature

Decompression of hot mantle rock upwelling beneath oceanic spreading centers causes it to exceed the melting point (solidus), producing magmas that ascend to form basaltic crust ~6 to 7 kilometers thick. The oceanic upper mantle contains ~50 to 200 micrograms per gram of water (H2O) dissolved in nominally anhydrous minerals, which—relative to its low concentration—has a disproportionate effect on the solidus that has not been quantified experimentally. Here, we present results from an experimental determination of the peridotite solidus containing known amounts of dissolved hydrogen. Our data reveal that the H2O-undersaturated peridotite solidus is hotter than previously thought. Reconciling geophysical observations of the melting regime beneath the East Pacific Rise with our experimental results requires that existing estimates for the oceanic upper mantle potential temperature be adjusted upward by about 60°C.
Arsenic Trioxide with Ascorbic Acid and High-Dose Melphalan: A New Preparative Regimen for Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma.

Abstract Backround: Arsenic trioxide (ATO), an active agent against multiple myeloma, has been shown to be synergistic with melphalan both in vitro and in vivo. We conducted a phase I/II trial to determine the safety and efficacy of a combination of arsenic trioxide, melphalan and ascorbic acid (AA) as prepaprative regimen in patients undergoing high-dose therapy (HDT) and autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (AHPCT) for multiple myeloma (MM). We also assessed the impact ATO levels on melphalan pharmacokinetics (PK), engraftment and toxicity. Methods: Twenty-five patients with secretory myeloma (11 females, 14 males median age: 53, range: 49 – 69) were treated b/w 4/04 and 1/05. All patient received melphalan 100 mg/m2 IV on days -4 and -3 and AA 1000 mg/day IV on days −9 to −3. Patients were randomized to 3 arms; no ATO (arm 1), ATO 0.15 mg/kg IV on days −9 to −3 (arm 2) and ATO 0.25 mg/kg IV on days −9 to −3 (arm 3). Seven patients had a prior autograft. Median CD34 cells dose infused was 4.4 x 106/kg (range 2.3–10.9). Results: Patients were evenly matched except for a high median β2m level (3.6 vs. 2.4 in arms 1 and 2, p=0.04) in arm 3. With a median F/U of 7.1 months post autograft, no dose-limiting toxicity or non-relapse mortality was seen. Median ATO level on day 0 in arms 1, 2 and 3 were 0.2, 26.3 and 46.2 ng/ml, respectively. Toxicity was limited grade I or II nausea, vomitting and diarrhea. Median time to neutrophil engraftment (ANC >500/dl) was 9 days. There were no engraftment failures or delays in the ATO arms. Response rates (RR) are shown in Table 1. With a median F/U of 7.1 months (range, 6.4 – 8.9 months), the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) are as shown in Figure 1. There was no significant difference in RR, PFS or OS between the 3 arms. Melphalan PK was not altered by ATO pretreatment. Conclusions: Arsenic trioxide, given in combination with melphalan and ascorbic acid as preparative regimen, is safe and well tolerated. A longer follow up is needed to determine the impact of this combination on survival. Response Rate at 3-Month Evaluation Response at 3 months CR PR MR SD PD Arm 1 (no ATO) 1 5 0 1 1 Arm 2 (ATO 0.15) 1 5 2 0 1 Arm 3 (ATO 0.25) 0 7 0 0 0 p = 0.55 CR = complete response, PR = partial response, MR = minimal response, SD = stable disease, PD = progressive disease Download : Download high-res image (71KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (68KB) Download : Download full-size image
Visual immersion for cultural understanding and multimodal literacy

ABSTRACTWhen considering inclusive art curriculum that accommodates all learners, including English language learners, two distinct yet inseparable issues come to mind. The first is that English language learner students can use visual language and visual literacy skills inherent in visual arts curriculum to scaffold learning in and through the arts. Second, in facilitating a sense of belonging for students whose home language and cultural aesthetic may be different from those of the dominant school culture, an authentically developed multicultural art curriculum can guide self-efficacy and inclusiveness. Both aspects of teaching art for English language learners can have the added benefits of facilitating collaborative learning opportunities and increasing worldviews for all students.
It's a War Out There: Contextualized Narratives of Violent Acts

Abstract Purpose To examine how individuals operating in violent environments draw on cultural and personal narratives of place and self to make sense of routine preparations for violence. Methods Data are based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 17 individuals involved in street crime and assaultive violence in St. Louis, Missouri. Participants had engaged in violence within the month prior to being interviewed. We used chain referral methods to identify and recruit them. Results Participants portrayed their neighborhoods as warzones and themselves as people who succeed in these environments due to preparedness for violence and personal capacity for violence typified by street soldiers. They used this situated identity to explain preparations for violence including: readiness to see threats and respond quickly, selecting allies for fights, and arming themselves. Conclusions The implications of our findings for the study of narrative criminology are discussed including how place and identity narratives facilitate an understanding of self in action that is both after-the-fact sense-making and crime conducive.
Glial scars are permeable to the neurotoxic environment of chronic stroke infarcts.

Abstract Following stroke, the damaged tissue undergoes liquefactive necrosis, a stage of infarct resolution that lasts for months although the exact length of time is currently unknown. One method of repair involves reactive astrocytes and microglia forming a glial scar to compartmentalize the area of liquefactive necrosis from the rest of the brain. The formation of the glial scar is a critical component of the healing response to stroke, as well as other central nervous system (CNS) injuries. The goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the extracellular fluid present in areas of liquefactive necrosis and determine how effectively it is segregated from the remainder of the brain. To accomplish this goal, we used a mouse model of stroke in conjunction with an extracellular fluid toxicity assay, fluorescent and electron microscopy, immunostaining, tracer injections into the infarct, and multiplex immunoassays. We confirmed that the extracellular fluid present in areas of liquefactive necrosis following stroke is toxic to primary cortical and hippocampal neurons for at least 7 weeks following stroke, and discovered that although glial scars are robust physical and endocytic barriers, they are nevertheless permeable. We found that molecules present in the area of liquefactive necrosis can leak across the glial scar and are removed by a combination of paravascular clearance and microglial endocytosis in the adjacent tissue. Despite these mechanisms, there is delayed atrophy, cytotoxic edema, and neuron loss in regions adjacent to the infarct for weeks following stroke. These findings suggest that one mechanism of neurodegeneration following stroke is the failure of glial scars to impermeably segregate areas of liquefactive necrosis from surviving brain tissue.
Reducing opioid overdose in Kazakhstan: A randomized controlled trial of a couple-based integrated HIV/HCV and overdose prevention intervention "Renaissance".

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a couple-based integrated HIV/HCV and overdose prevention intervention on non-fatal and fatal overdose and overdose prevention behaviors among people who use heroin or other opioids in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Methods We selected 479 participants who reported lifetime heroin or opioid use from a sample of 600 participants (300 couples) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted between May 2009 and February 2013. Participants were randomized to either (1) a 5-session couple-based HIV/HCV and overdose prevention intervention condition or (2) a 5-session Wellness Promotion and overdose prevention comparison condition. We used multilevel mixed-effects model with modified Poisson regression to estimate effects of the intervention as risk ratios (RR) and the corresponding 95% CIs. Results About one-fifth (21.9%) of the sample reported that they had experienced an opioid overdose in the past 6 months at baseline. At the 12-month follow-up, both the intervention and comparison conditions reported significant reductions in non-fatal overdose and injection heroin/opioid use and significant increases in drug treatment attendance and naloxone use to prevent death from overdose. However, we found no differences between the study arms on any of these outcomes. There were three intervention condition participants (1.3%), compared to seven comparison condition participants (2.9%) who died from opioid overdose during the 12-month follow up period although this difference was not significant. Discussion There were no significant conditions on any outcomes: both conditions showed promising effects of reducing non-fatal overdose and overdose risks. Integrating overdose prevention into a couple-based HIV/HCV intervention may be an efficient strategy to target the syndemic of opioid overdose, HIV and HCV in Kazakhstan.
Impact of Phospholipids and Tocopherols on the Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Phospholipids have been shown to act synergistically with tocopherols and delay lipid oxidation in bulk oil. The synergistic activity between phospholipids and tocopherols is due to the ability of amino-group-containing phospholipids (e.g., phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS)) to convert oxidized tocopherol back into tocopherols. This study shows the effect of PE and PS on the antioxidant activity of different tocopherol homologues in oil-in-water emulsions. Effect of emulsifier type on the interaction between tocopherols and phospholipids was also studied. δ-Tocopherol and PE exhibited greater antioxidant activity as compared to α-tocopherol and PE. PS displayed 1.5–3 times greater synergism than PE with Tween 20 as emulsifier whereas both PE and PS had a similar antioxidant activity in the presence of α-tocopherol when bovine serum albumin was used as the emulsifier. This study is the first to show that PE and PS can act synergistically with tocopherols to inhibit lipid oxidation i...
Symbolic Analysis Tools for CSP

Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) is a well-known formal language for describing concurrent systems, where transition semantics for it has been given by Brookes, Hoare and Roscoe [1]. In this paper, we present trace refinement model analysis tools based on a generalized transition semantics of CSP, which we call HCSP, that merges the original transition system with ideas from Floyd-Hoare Logic and symbolic computation. This generalized semantics is shown to be sound and complete with respect to the original trace semantics. Traces in our system are symbolic representations of families of traces as given by the original semantics. This more compact representation allows us to expand the original CSP systems to effectively and efficiently model check some CSP programs that are difficult or impossible for other CSP systems to analyze. In particular, our system can handle certain classes of non-deterministic choices as a single transition, while the original semantics would treat each choice separately, possibly leading to large or unbounded case analyses. All the work described in this paper has been carried out in the theorem prover Isabelle [2]. This then provides us with a framework for automated and interactive analysis of CSP processes. It also gives us the ability to extract Ocaml code for an HCSP-based simulator directly from Isabelle. Based on the HCSP semantics and traditional trace refinement, we develop an idea of symbolic trace refinement and build a model checker based on it. The model checker was transcribed by hand into Maude [3] as automatic extraction of Maude code is not yet supported by the Isabelle system.
Mark-J Results on Hadron and Inclusive Muon Production and the Electroweak Interactions of Quarks

MARK-J results on e+e- → hadrons and inclusive muon production are presented. The measured values of the total hadronic cross section, the thrust distributions and the production rate and shape of inclusive muon events are entirely consistent with the predictions of QCD with five quark flavors. The data show no evidence for the continuum production of a new charge 2/3e or 1/3e quark. Energy scans in the regions \( 29.9 \leqslant \sqrt {s \leqslant 36.7} {\text{ GeV}} \) show no indication of a hadron resonance signaling the existence of a new massive quark-antiquark bound state. The energy dependence of the hadron production cross section has also been used, in the context of the standard electroweak theory, to determine sin2θw at high q2 and to show that quarks are pointlike up to an energy scale ≳ 200 GeV. The inclusive muon data has been used to measure the semileptonic branching ratio of b decays.
Mirror design study for a segmented HabEx system

NASA is exploring telescope and mirror technology options to meet the demanding science goals of the proposed HabEx space telescope. A key priority for the HabEx mission concept would be to leverage affordable telescope solutions that can meet challenging telescope performance requirements with a demanding program timeline. The baseline approach for HabEx is to use an unobscured, monolithic primary mirror with a coronagraph to optimize system performance. NASA is performing an initial study to investigate the feasibility of a HabEx Lite concept which would not leverage a coronagraph and would therefore, have lower exoEarth yield as a consequence, but could provide system mass, cost, and schedule advantages. The HabEx Lite concept leverages replicated, ULE® mirror segments to provide an attractive, alternative telescope architecture to meet the HabEx threshold mission needs. We present the initial mirror design and performance assessment for the HabEx Lite concept.
The Legal Aspects of Diversity in Academic Pathology.

Diversity and inclusion in academic pathology center on building a diverse, inclusive pathology faculty. Understanding the basics of federal law, and the US Supreme Court cases that interpret those...
1,6-CH insertion of alkylidenecarbenes in 1-naphthol and 1-anthrol derivatives

Abstract Rare 1,6-CH insertion of naphthol- and anthrol-derived alkylidenecarbenes has been observed in modest yield. Reaction in deuterated solvent did not provide any evidence in support of a reaction mechanism that requires exchange of the migrating proton with solvent. The pyran-annelated aromatic products are formed only when opportunities for the more common 1,5-CH insertion process are blocked.
Mini-Mighti: A Prototype Sensor For Thermospheric Red-Line (630 Nm) Neutral Wind Measurements From A 6u Cubesat

A prototype sensor for measuring thermospheric red-line winds from a 6U CubeSat is described. The sensor uses a backup interferometer for the MIGHTI instrument on the NASA ICON satellite with a more limited scientific scope.
Sex-Specific Differences in Ventricular Dimensions in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: A Retrospective Study.

The timing of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in asymptomatic patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is typically based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived ventricular volume measurements. Current criteria do not account for sex-based differences in chamber size. The purpose of this study was to compare male and female ventricular volumes and function in TOF patients with a hypothesis that females are less likely to meet common-indexed right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDVi) and right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESVi) criteria for PVR. Cardiac magnetic resonance data from 17 females (age 31.7 ± 15.4 years) and 23 males (30.7 ± 15.4 years) with TOF were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and imaging data were recorded. Differences in sex-based means and standard deviations were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test with continuity correction. Age and pulmonary regurgitant fraction were similar in females and males. RVEDVi was lower in females than in males, but the difference was not statistically significant. Differences in RVESVi, LVEDVi, LVESVi, and left ventricular ejection fraction were statistically significant, while the difference in right ventricular ejection fraction was not. RVEDVi was greater than 150 mL/m2 in 3/17 (17.6%) females and 10/23 (43.5%) males (OR 3.6). RVESVi was greater than 82 mL/m2 in 2/17 females and 8/23 males (OR 4.0). Sex-specific differences in right ventricular and left ventricular volumes and function are present in patients with TOF despite similar pulmonary regurgitation. These differences may need to be considered when evaluating patients for PVR.
Pride and prejudice and zombies…and statistics: Effects of powerful female role-models in media on attitudes towards women, and female viewer anxiety

At present, there have been a number of studies examining the sexualization of female characters in various media. However, most studies to date have not clearly delineated whether sexualized images or the presence of assertive versus passive female characters influences negative attitudes toward women in viewers, as well as female viewer anxiety. The present study investigated whether the inclusion of powerful female characters in movies with sexualized content influences both male and female viewers’ attitudes towards women as well as anxiety responses of female reviewers. Participants included 134 undergraduate students attending a private liberal arts university in the southern region of the United States. Participants were randomized to watch one of three movie conditions: first, movies that involve strong female lead characters, but which also include sexualized characters, Second, movies that involve strong female lead characters without sexualization and third, movies that involve sexualized female characters without strong portrayals (i.e. damsels in distress). Participants were measured on attitudes toward women, rape myth acceptance and anxiety. Results indicated little support for the view that sexualized media impacted viewers’ attitudes toward women, rape myth acceptance or anxiety.
Isotope shifts in neutral and singly-ionized calcium

Abstract All available experimental data on isotope shifts and absolute frequency measurements in the optical spectra of Ca I and Ca II are re-evaluated, and from them complete tables of isotope shifts and energy levels of all Ca isotopes from 36 to 52 are derived. A global least-squares fitting of these data was performed. From this fit, the field and mass shift constants for all involved transitions and energy levels were derived along with improved values for differences of mean squared nuclear charge radii.
Swallowing Patterns in the HNC Population: Timing of Penetration-Aspiration Events and Residue.

ObjectiveThis study described swallowing patterns in a large head/neck cancer (HNC) cohort.Study DesignIn a retrospective review of data from a randomized controlled trial, we studied timing of pen...
Clinical characteristics, hospital course, and outcomes among COVID-19 positive patients with mental illness in a community hospital in New York City

Emerging evidence suggests a definite neuropsychiatric sequela of the SARS-CoV-2 infection possibly from a direct effect of the virus on the central nervous system. Although the pathophysiology of ...
Isolation and characterization of a covalent CeIV-Aryl complex with an anomalous 13C chemical shift.

The synthesis of bona fide organometallic CeIV complexes is a formidable challenge given the typically oxidizing properties of the CeIV cation and reducing tendencies of carbanions. Herein, we report a pair of compounds comprising a CeIV − Caryl bond [Li(THF)4][CeIV(κ2-ortho-oxa)(MBP)2] (3-THF) and [Li(DME)3][CeIV(κ2-ortho-oxa)(MBP)2] (3-DME), ortho-oxa = dihydro-dimethyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-oxazolide, MBP2– = 2,2′-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate), which exhibit CeIV − Caryl bond lengths of 2.571(7) – 2.5806(19) A and strongly-deshielded, CeIV − Cipso 13C{1H} NMR resonances at 255.6 ppm. Computational analyses reveal the Ce contribution to the CeIV − Caryl bond of 3-THF is ~12%, indicating appreciable metal-ligand covalency. Computations also reproduce the characteristic 13C{1H} resonance, and show a strong influence from spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects on the chemical shift. The results demonstrate that SOC-driven deshielding is present for CeIV − Cipso 13C{1H} resonances and not just for diamagnetic actinide compounds. Ce(IV) organometallic compounds are rare due to Ce(IV) being a powerful oxidant. Herein, the authors explore the covalency of a pair of organocerium complexes bearing a Ce(IV)-C(aryl) bond and examine their structure by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and computational calculations.
Single Institution Experience with Afirma and Thyroseq Testing in Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules.

Background: Thyroid nodules are a very common often incidental finding on physical examination or imaging. Of those who undergo fine needle aspiration, cytology is indeterminate in up to 15%. Molecular testing is increasingly being used to help identify which nodules may be high risk for malignancy and guide management with regard to clinical follow-up or surgical intervention. Recently there has been an increase in publication of independent studies assessing the performance of these molecular tests and comparing "real-world" data with the validation studies. Methods: This retrospective study identified all thyroid nodules at our institution that had Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC), genomic sequencing classifier (GSC), or Thyroseq v3 molecular testing from January 2014 to January 2020 and compared measurements of test performance between them at our institution, and then with the original validation studies and other published institutional data. Results: Overall, the benign call rate was highest in the Afirma GSC group (78%) compared with the GEC group (60%) and Thyroseq group (66%). Surgical histopathology revealed malignancy in 6 of 31of biopsied nodules in the GEC group, 8 of 13 in the GSC group, and 3 of 16 in the Thyroseq v3 group. Based on our data, the GSC specificity (73.7%) and positive predictive value (PPV) (61.5%) were higher than the GEC specificity (60.4%) and PPV (22.2%) as well as Thyroseq v3 specificity (55.2%) and PPV (18.8%). Conclusions: From our short-term institutional experience, we found that the GSC classified more cytologically indeterminate nodules as benign compared with the Afirma GEC, and had improved specificity and PPV, which is similar to the validation study and other institutions' reported experiences. We also found that the Thyroseq v3 was similar to the Afirma GEC in terms of specificity and PPV, both of which are much lower than the validation studies.
Attention and the Frontal Cortex

Sensory selective attention often occurs covertly, as a relatively automatic response to salient stimuli that occur in the environment. Demands for controlled processing increase as the number of targets and stimulus complexity increase and response demands become greater. Yet, many of the processes necessary for orienting, allocating, engaging, and shifting attention can occur automatically, without overt response intention or specific response demands. Yet, in everyday life, people routinely direct their attention to either external stimuli, particular responses (e.g., swinging a tennis racket), or cognitive operations based on their momentary disposition, motivation, and prevailing situational demands and reinforcements. At these times, their attention tends to be subjectively experienced as voluntary or intentional, and it usually occurs with conscious awareness.
Continuum-Model Studies of Redox Reactions, Complex Formation, and Electron Transfer: The Paradigm of Cytochrome c and Cytochrome c Peroxidase

Redox reactions, complex formation, and electron transfer involving cytochrome c (cc) and cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) are studied by using a dielectric continuum model. In this model a protein or protein complex is represented by a low dielectric region embedded in the high dielectric solvent. Variations in the character (charge, polarity, and size) and the location (interior or surface) and orientation of an amino acid are found to produce a diverse spectrum of effects on the reduction potentials of cc and CCP. The interface of the cc:CCP complex is made mostly of van der Waals rather than electrostatic contacts, yet the electrostatic interactions between the two proteins are found to give rise to experimentally observed effects of ionic strength and mutations of charged residues on the binding constant. Complex formation is found to have rather minor effects on the reduction potentials of cc and CCP, thus preserving the driving force of electron transfer. The protein matrices are found to play an important role of reducing the reorganization energy from what would have been if the redox centers were embedded directly in the solvent and thus speeding up the electron transfer.
Elasticity and Percolation

Recent works on the elastic properties of disordered systems near the percolation threshold are reviewed. Results presented show that percolative elasticity critical exponents are very different from those of percolative electrical conductivity.
Induction of labor with low-dose prostaglandin F2α and oxytocin

A double-blind study was performed in 50 patients with the use of low-dose intravenous oxytocin or PGF2 alpha for the induction of labor for elective or high-risk indications. Both agents were equally effective for the induction of labor. No major complications were encountered with either drug in mother or infant. The ability to induce labor with relatively small, infrequently increased doses of either inducing agent was an unexpected finding.
VisHap: augmented reality combining haptics and vision

Haptic devices have been successfully incorporated into the human-computer interaction model. However, a drawback common to almost all haptic systems is that the user must be attached to the haptic devices at all times even though force feedback is not always being rendered. This constant contact hinders perception of the virtual environment, primarily because it prevents the user from feeling new tactile sensations upon contact with virtual objects. We present the design and implementation of an augmented reality system called VisHap that uses visual tracking to seamlessly integrate force feedback with tactile feedback to generate a "complete" haptic experience. The VisHap framework allows the user to interact with combinations of virtual and real objects naturally, thereby combining active and passive haptics. An example application of this framework is also presented. The flexibility and extensibility of our framework is promising in that it supports many interaction modes and allows further integration with other augmented reality system.
Exploring the Barriers to the More Widespread Adoption of Electronic Health Records

Sally has been suffering from a number of troubling medical problems. The quality of her work and personal life has been impacted negatively by intermittent digestive distress, migraines, sinus trouble, and most recently, tingling sensations in her extremities. Despite earnest efforts, she has not been able to find a lasting solution to what ails her. The wide range of her symptoms has prompted her to see her primary care physician as well as a gastroenterologist, ear, nose and throat specialist, neurologist, and a psychiatrist. While she searches for a diagnosis and treatment that will bring her some relief she has been frustrated by the need to repeat her medical history to each new doctor she sees. At each new appointment with a specialist, Sally attempts to provide the new doctor with a rapid verbal download of not only her current symptoms but also a quick summary of the doctors she has already seen, the tests that have been performed, and the treatments she has tried. Inevitably, this undertaking has left Sally and her specialists frustrated. At some appointments, Sally has forgotten the key details of her prior tests and procedures. In other appointments, her physicians have run out of time to take down the long, convoluted verbal history, or have wanted to commence his or her own physical examination of Sally, with a request that Sally follow-up with a copy of her previous doctors. To her credit, Sally has attempted to improve this process by arranging for copies of her previous medical records to be sent to her new specialists. This, too, has usually proven to be ineffectual. Sometimes, the records would fail to arrive in sufficient time to allow the specialist to review them before Sally’s consultation. Other times, the notes were incomplete or illegible and still other
Fracture characterization using converted waves

We present a method for inversion of fracture compliance matrix components from wide-azimuth noisy synthetic PS reflection data and quantitatively show that reflection amplitude variations with offset and azimuth for converted PS-waves are more informative than P-waves for fracture characterization. We consider monoclinic symmetry for fractured reservoir (parameters chosen from Woodford Shale), which can be formed by two or more sets of vertical fractures embedded in a vertically transverse isotropic background. Components of effective fracture compliance matrices for a medium with monoclinic symmetry are related to the characteristics of the fractured medium. Monte Carlo simulation results show that inversion of PS reflection data is more robust than that of PP reflection data to uncertainties in our a priori knowledge (vertically transverse isotropic parameters of unfractured rock) than PP reflection data. We also show that, while inversion of PP reflections is sensitive to contrasts in elastic properties of upper and lower media, inversion of PS reflections is robust with respect to such contrasts.