cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atom Migration Dynamics in Crystals

The principle of equilibrium statistical mechanics is well established. Backed by the basic physics of quantum mechanics, the mathematics of it is the probability theory. One consequence is that the macroscopic state is the one for the largest probability of appearance.
Heritability of changes in genetic evaluations of dairy bulls from first to later records of daughters.

Objectives of this study were to investigate changes in predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) of yields from evaluations based on first records to evaluations based on first and later records of daughters and determine whether these changes are heritable. Data were USDA sire evaluations of July 1989 through May 2000 on Holstein bulls in standard progeny testing programs. Changes in PTA for milk, fat, and protein from evaluations based on first records of daughters to evaluations on first and second were obtained on 2001 bulls. These were divided into two sets: subset 1 (n = 889) included bulls first evaluated before 1995 and subset 2 (n = 1112) included bulls first evaluated in 1995 and later. Changes in PTA from first-record evaluation to most recent evaluation (May 2000) were obtained on 2524 bulls first evaluated in 1995 or later. Mean changes in PTA for bulls first evaluated in 1995 and later were smaller than mean changes for bulls evaluated earlier but standard deviations were similar. Regressions of changes in PTA on changes in parent average showed that a change of 1.0 kg in parent average resulted in 1.1 to 1.2 kg change in PTA. Heritabilities estimated with animal model ranged from 0.14 to 0.23 for changes from first-record evaluation to evaluation on first and second, and 0.27 to 0.35 for changes from first-record evaluation to most recent evaluation. Heritabilities of this magnitude allow for identifying bulls that decrease in PTA.
Brittleness evaluation of resource plays by integrating petrophysical and seismic data analysis

AbstractThe main considerations for well planning and hydraulic fracturing in unconventional resources plays include the amount of total organic carbon and how much hydrocarbon can be extracted. Brittleness is the direct measurement of a formation about the ability to create avenues for hydrocarbons when applying hydraulic fracturing. Brittleness can be directly estimated from laboratory stress-strain measurements, rock-elastic properties, and mineral content analysis using petrophysical analysis on well logs. However, the estimated brittleness using these methods only provides “cylinder” estimates near the borehole. We proposed a workflow to estimate brittleness of resource plays in 3D by integrating the petrophysics and seismic data analysis. The workflow began by brittleness evaluation using mineral well logs at the borehole location. Then, we used a proximal support vector machine algorithm to construct a classification pattern between rock-elastic properties and brittleness for the selected benchmark...
Austrian themes, data, and sports economics

This paper uses data from Major League Baseball and themes from Moneyball by Michael Lewis to empirically illustrate Kirznerian entrepreneurship. While Kirzner envisioned competition in markets for profit, the sports economics literature shows that sporting competition has things in common with market competition. This is important because a strength of sports economics, namely, the abundant data, can help overcome a perceived weakness of Austrian economics, namely, the lack of empirical content. This paper describes and empirically confirms how certain front office decision makers of the Oakland Athletics were alert to opportunities that were being overlooked by other baseball executives.
The effects of amphibian population declines on the structure and function of Neotropical stream ecosystems

Amphibians can be important consumers in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats and may represent an important energetic link between the two, particularly in the tropics, where amphibian species richness and abundance are high. In the past 20 years, amphibian populations have declined dramatically around the world; numbers have decreased catastrophically in protected upland sites throughout the neotropics, usually resulting in the disappearance of over 75% of amphibians at a given site, particularly those species that breed in streams. Most studies of amphibian declines have focused on identifying causes and documenting changes in adult abundance, rather than on their ecological consequences. Here, we review evidence for the potential ecological effects of catastrophic amphibian declines, focusing on neotropical highland streams, where impacts will likely be greatest. Evidence to date suggests that amphibian declines will have large-scale and lasting ecosystem-level effects, including changes in algal com...
Comments on paratrooper-separation modeling with the DSD/SST formulation and FOIST

We provide a brief chronological background on the deforming-spatial-domain/stabilized space–time (DSD/SST) formulation, its use in aerodynamic modeling of a paratrooper separating from an aircraft, and the fluid–object interactions subcomputation technique (FOIST). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitive determination of the existence of higher-order modes in a quasi-single-mode fiber

A novel and simple method for sensitive determination of the existence of higher-order modes in a quasi-single-mode fiber has been demonstrated. The method is based on the detection of interference between higher-order modes and the fundamental LP01 mode within the fiber by using phase modulation generated by a piezoelectric transducer.
Legislating personal politics in sandinista nicaragua, 1979–1992

Abstract This article traces the evolution in the legislation of personal politics that was promoted by Nicaragua’s Sandinista Front, arguing that the changes within the broad category of “personal politics” (including issues related to reproduction, contraception, abortion, prostitution, legitimacy, and the roles and rights of sexual minorities) are usefully understood as a dynamic whole. During the 1979–1992 period, the Sandinistas were involved in three major bursts of personal legislation: 1979–1982, 1984–1987, and 1992. I evaluate the motivations behind this legislation in the first two periods and argue that the third burst of legislation had the effect of reshaping the Sandinista’s public positions on issues of personal politics. In conclusion, I reevaluate the literature on sexuality and politics in Nicaragua in light of the reciprocal relationship between culture, social movements, and law-making.
Meiotic associations at metaphase I in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski]

Meiotic associations were studied at metaphase I in PMCs of autotetraploid and autotriploid plants of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea). Autoploidy without the presence or action of the bivalentization system was demonstrated. In light of the meiotic behaviors in these autoploids, breeding strategies for Psathyrostachys juncea were suggested. Possible uses of these materials are described.
Increased Rate of Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among Narcotic Addicts

Approximately 11% of 55 control subjects harbored the organism. The length of the interval since drug injection influenced the rate of carriage in the drug-using population. Ten percent of drug users who had not had drug injected for two weeks or more before culture carried S. aureus, in contrast to 35% of those who had had injections within one week of culture. The latter increased carriage rate was significantly different from that of the other two groups. With the increase in use of illicit drugs, the incidence of medical complications has risen. At the D.C. General Hospital alone, 8% of the 600 addicts admitted from 1967 to 1969 had bacterial endocarditis [1]. Because Staphylococcus aureus causes the vast majority of these infections, we have looked for the source of this organism. We have already reported that heroin and injection paraphernalia used by addicts were not the source of the Staphylococcus [2]. This study reports the finding of an increased carrier rate of S. aureus in parenteral drug users; the increase is related to the length of the interval since parenteral administration of drugs.
Rubber Chemicals Derived from Conjugate Addition. II. Synthesis of a Novel Class of Benzoquinone Diimines

Abstract Various 2-alkylthio-5-amino- and 2,5-diamino-1,4-phenylenediamines were prepared by treatment of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N′-phenyl-1,4-quinonediimine with thiols and amines using air as an oxidizing agent. Key 2-alkylthio-1, 4-benzoquinone diimines were prepared via Ag2O oxidation of the corresponding 1,4-phenylenediamines.
Hormonal and Clinical Predictors for Post-egg Retrieval Pain in Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology Procedures.

OBJECTIVES The intensity of post-egg retrieval pain is underestimated, with few studies examining post-procedural pain and predictors to identify women at risk for severe pain. We evaluated the influence of pre-procedural hormonal levels, ovarian factors, as well as mechanical temporal summation (mTS) as predictors for post-egg retrieval pain in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS Eighteen women scheduled for ultrasound-guided egg retrieval under standardized anesthesia and post-procedural analgesia were enrolled. Pre-procedural mTS, questionnaires, clinical data related to anesthesia and the procedure itself, post-procedural pain scores and pain medication for breakthrough pain were recorded. Statistical analysis included Pearson product moment correlations, Mann-Whitney U tests and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS Average peak post-egg retrieval pain during the first 24 hours was 5.0±1.6 on an NRS scale (0=no pain, 10=worst pain imaginable). Peak post-egg retrieval pain was correlated with basal antimullerian hormone (AMH) (r=0.549, P=0.018), pre-procedural peak estradiol (r=0.582, P=0.011), total number of follicles (r=0.517, P=0.028) and number of retrieved eggs (r=0.510, P=0.031). Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (n=4) was associated with higher basal AMH (P=0.004), higher peak pain scores (P=0.049), but not with peak estradiol (P=0.13). The mTS did not correlate with peak post-procedural pain (r=0.266, P=0.286), or peak estradiol level (r=0.090, P=0.899). DISCUSSION Peak post-egg retrieval pain intensity was higher than anticipated. Our results suggest that post-egg retrieval pain can be predicted by baseline AMH, high peak estradiol, and OHSS. Further studies to evaluate intra- and post-procedural pain in this population are needed, as well as clinical trials to assess post-procedural analgesia in women presenting with high hormonal levels.
A Critical Appraisal of Advances in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease in children; its rise has been related to the increasing prevalence of obesity. Significant advancements have been made in the investigation of the etiopathogenesis and genetic risk factors for the disease. Pediatric fatty liver disease often displays a histologic pattern distinct from that found in adults, and liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Lifestyle modifications that result in weight loss remain the first-line treatment of NAFLD in children. Recent adult and pediatric clinical trials on the use of antioxidants combined with lifestyle intervention for NAFLD have demonstrated encouraging results, and additional trials are underway. In this review, the authors provide an overview of current concepts in epidemiology, histologic features, diagnosis, pathophysiology, genetic risk factors, and treatment of NAFLD in children.
Divided Government and Legislative Professionalism in the American States

This paper focuses on two major areas of inquiry. First the paper addresses divided government and the conditions, which bring about divided government as well as the conditions in unified government is most likely to occur. This research also focuses on the effects of legislative professionalism on democratic theory. Divided government is most likely to occur through a change in the party of the governor with change in the legislature being a less common path to divided government.
CHAPTER 16 – Clinical Applications of Tumor-Suppressor Gene Therapy

Clinical Applications of Tumor-Suppressor Gene Therapy The application of tumor suppressors in gene therapy represents an important strategy in the war against cancer. Multiple human tumors show mutations or deletions in tumor suppressor genes, which control cellular growth by regulating the cell cycle or by inducing cellular apoptosis. One strategy in cancer gene therapy has focused on the replacement or overexpression of tumor suppressors genes. The p53 gene therapy remains the most important tumor suppressor strategy being developed and its combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy may prove to be even more beneficial. Currently, only p53 gene therapy has progressed to clinical trials. However, p53 may not represent the ideal choice for gene therapy in all cancers. In tumor cells that overexpress MDM2 or have HPV 16 E6, other tumor suppressors such as p21 may be more desirable targets of gene therapy because they can bypass the inactivation of p53. In addition to p53 and p21, other tumor suppressors that have been studied for gene replacement include p16, Rb, p27, p14, PTEN, BRCA1, VHL, and FHIT.
Adaptive mode control in few mode fibers and its applications

With the development of mode-division-multiplexing (MDM), few mode fibers (FMFs) have found a wide range of applications in optical sensing and communications. However, how to precisely control the mode composition of optical signals in FMFs remains a difficult challenge. In this paper, we present an adaptive mode control method that can selectively excite the linearly polarized (LP) mode within the FMF. The method is based on using optical pulses reflected by a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for wavefront optimization. Two potential applications are discussed. First, we theoretically demonstrate the feasibility of large scale multiplexing of absorption based fiber optical sensors. Second, we discuss the possibility of using mode dependent loss to reconstruct the spatial distributions of absorptive chemicals diffused within a FMF.
Patient satisfaction and wait times following outpatient manual vacuum aspiration compared to electric vacuum aspiration in the operating room: a cross-sectional study.

Outpatient manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) is a safe and equally effective alternative to electric vacuum aspiration (EVA) in the operating room. This project was conducted to determine whether outpatient MVA expedites care while maintaining patient satisfaction. A cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of patients undergoing surgical management of spontaneous abortion, induced abortion, or retained products of conception with either outpatient MVA under local anesthesia or EVA in the operating room was conducted. Of 138 women completing surveys, 48 (34.8%) underwent outpatient MVA and 90 (65.2%) underwent EVA in the operating room. Procedure length, time from decision to procedure, and patient satisfaction were assessed through a self-administered questionnaire completed post-procedure. Most (77%) patients in the MVA group reported waiting fewer than 2 h from the time of their decision to the procedure, while most (74%) EVA patients reported waiting over 12 h (P < 0.001); the MVA group reported higher satisfaction with time to procedure (P = 0.02). The median procedure length was significantly shorter in the EVA group (10 vs. 20 min, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in overall satisfaction with the procedure (P = 0.16). Outpatient MVA under local anesthesia is a suitable alternative to operating room-based EVA for management of spontaneous abortion, induced abortion, and retained products of conception. Outpatient MVA is associated with shorter decision-to-procedure time and is highly acceptable to patients. Integration of outpatient MVA into clinical settings can add time- and resource-saving options for uterine evacuation while maintaining a positive patient experience.
Abstract 12150: Molecular Network Analysis Identifies NEDD9 as a Critical Node Regulating Vascular Fibrosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Vascular fibrosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with increased morbidity. In PAH, elevated levels of aldosterone (ALDO) increase fibrillar collagen in pulmonary artery endo...
User-centered evaluation of a discovery layer system with google scholar

Discovery layer systems allow library users to obtain search results from multiple library resources and view results in a consistent format. The implementation of a discovery layer is expected to simplify users' workflow of searching for scholarly information. Previous studies on discovery layer systems focused on functionality and content, but not quality of search results from the user's perspective. The objective of this study was to obtain users' assessment of search results of a discovery layer system (Ex Libris Primo®) and compare that with a widely used scholarly search tool (Google Scholar). Results showed that Primo's search results relevancy is comparable to Google Scholar, but it received significantly lower usability and preference ratings. A number of usability issues of Primo were also identified from the study. Results of the study are used to improve the interface of Primo and adjust relevancy ranking options. The empirical method of search results assessment and feedback collection used in this study can be extended to similar user-centered system implementation and evaluation efforts.
Re: Development of an Emergency Medicine Wellness Curriculum

Burnout, the triad of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment, begins early in medical education and the prevalence continues to increase over time among U.S. physicians. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) now requires that programs and sponsoring institutions have the same responsibility to address well-being as they do other aspects of resident competence. Yet, there are no studies published in the emergency medicine (EM) literature that discuss the development and institution of a formal wellness curriculum. The authors conducted a needs analysis among EM residents with the aim of creating a multifaceted 12-month wellness curriculum. The needs analysis determined that residents are not comfortable with their knowledge of wellness principles. In response, the authors developed a curriculum by integrating components of published non-EM wellness curricula and online academic wellness programs with commonly accepted domains of wellness. The curriculum was subsequently introduced at five EM residencies. This curriculum represents an example of successful multi-institution collaboration to meet an ACGME Common Program Requirement.
Low-Rank Model for Wideband Electromagnetic Induction Sensors

Wideband electromagnetic induction (WEMI) sensors are used to detect, classify, and locate obscured targets. WEMI sensors can be designed to measure the magnetic fields either in the time domain or frequency domain. They also capture multiple location measurements from a target by either a physical sensor array, a synthetic sensor array created by scanning the sensor, or a combination of the two. This letter uses a physical model for the sensor to develop a low-rank model for WEMI data. The data are organized into a matrix where the rows contain the time/frequency measurements and the columns contain the multiple locations so all of the data can be exploited jointly. It is shown that this data matrix can be processed directly with singular value decomposition (SVD) to extract three independent terms—one for target signature, one related to location, and one for tensors that define the orientation. The low-rank model predicts a maximum rank for WEMI measurements and is exploited to provide a relationship between the rank of the measurements and the number of linearly independent tensors for the target. Results are presented from the laboratory data to validate the low-rank model and demonstrate the connection between the data’s rank and the physical target. The low-rank model leads to a new “filterless” processing paradigm for exploiting WEMI data by using the SVD to perform sensor calibration, hardware debugging, as well as target detection.
Narrow-band UVB: Is It Carcinogenic?:

BackgroundPhototherapy has been used for many years as a treatment for psoriasis. It has progressed from simple heliotherapy, to the utilization of specific wavelengths including ultraviolet light ...
Observations on Canadian Wheat Policy Since the World War

The past two decades embrace a period in which Canada has become established (since 1922) as the premier wheat exporting nation of the world; in which wheat prices touched the highest point (September, 1920) and the lowest depth (December, 1932) in Canadian grain trade history; in which centralized co-operative pool marketing of wheat was conducted for several years on a larger scale than that of any farm product in any country; and in which the federal government has experimented with policies in relation to the marketing and price movements of wheat ranging from established regulatory functions to monopoly handling through a government board and minimum price guarantees. These two decades include three periods of favourable prices and active export demand (1917-20, 1924-9, and 1936-7), with the intervening years characterized by distress prices and restricted foreign demand. Amid these fluctuating economic conditions of the wheat industry there has occurred significant experimentation with different marketing systems, involving shifting relationships between the organized producers, the organized private trade, and the provincial and federal governments.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy: In Situ Studies of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

Assessment of muscle oxygenation during work is an area of considerable research interest owing to questions about the variables regulating the cellular uptake of oxygen (O2). Cardiac and red skeletal muscles can vary the level of O2 uptake by 20-fold at steady state in response to sustained work (1). Maximal O2 uptake has been proposed to be regulated by a number of variables including the flow of O2,and turnover of NADH, ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). A specific rate-limiting step, however, has never been identified experimentally. High rates of oxygen utilization in myoglobin containing muscle are achieved at relatively low sarcoplasmic oxygen tensions. Estimates of muscle PO2 based upon measurements of myoglobin saturation at near maximal steady state work indicate values in the 2–3 ton range, i.e. myoglobin is about half saturated with oxygen (2).
Exergy Analysis, Costing, and Assessment of Environmental Impact

The method of exergy analysis enables the location, cause, and true magnitude of energy resource waste and loss to be determined. Such information can be used in the design of new energy-efficient systems and for improving the performance of existing systems. Exergy analysis also provides insights that elude a purely first-law approach. For example, on the basis of first-law reasoning alone, the condenser of a power plant may be mistakenly identified as the component primarily responsible for the plant’s seemingly low overall performance. An exergy analysis correctly reveals not only that the condenser loss is relatively unimportant, but also that the steam generator is the principal site of thermodynamic inefficiency owing to combustion and heat transfer irreversibilities within it.
Effect of substitutes in contingent valuation for a private market good

Economic theory predicts a decrease in valuation as the availability of substitutes increases. This paper describes a contingent valuation (CV) survey that investigates the effect of substitutes on...
Abstract 245: Phenotype Discovery in Cardiovascular Patients Using Unsupervised Learning

Introduction: Customer segmentation, as utilized in the retail industry, has direct applications to population health. By identifying unique patient subgroups, population health practitioners can p...
Who Posted That Story? Processing Layered Sources in Facebook News Posts:

With social media platforms becoming primary news sources, concerns about credibility judgments and knowledge grow. This study (N = 233) experimentally tests the effects of multiple source cues on ...
Insurance Status and Socioeconomic Markers Affect Readmission Rates After Cardiac Valve Surgery.

Objective To characterize the effect of insurance status and other socioeconomic markers on readmission rates after cardiac valve surgery. Design Retrospective cohort study using data from the State Inpatient Databases and Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Setting Multistate database of all hospitalizations from 2007–2014 from New York, Florida, California, and Maryland. Participants A total of 147,752 patients ≥18 years old who underwent valve repair and/or replacement were included in the study. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Primary outcomes were unadjusted rates and adjusted odds of 30- and 90-day readmissions. The overall 30-day readmission rate was 19.4%, with the highest rates in the Medicaid (22.9%) and Medicare (21.3%) groups and lowest rates in the private insurance group (14.3%; p Conclusions Markers of low socioeconomic status, including insurance status, race, and household income, are associated with an increased odds of readmission after cardiac valve surgery. Such findings may point to inequalities in health care; additional investigation is necessary to understand the causal link.
Personalized Knowledge Graphs for the Pharmaceutical Domain

A considerable amount of scientific and technical content is still locked behind data formats which are not machine readable, especially PDF files - and this is particularly true in the healthcare domain. While the Semantic Web has nourished the shift to more accessible formats, in business scenarios it is critical to be able to tap into this type of content, both to extract as well as embed machine readable semantic information.
Social and Health-Related Factors Associated with Enrollment in Medicare Advantage Plans in Older Adults

Objectives We assessed the characteristics of older Mexican American enrollees in traditional fee-for-service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage (MA) plans and the factors associated with disenrollment from FFS and enrollment in MA plans. Design Longitudinal study linked with Medicare claims data. Setting The Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly. Participants Community-dwelling Mexican American older adults (N = 1455). Measurements We examined insurance status using the Medicare Beneficiary Summary File and estimated the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with insurance plan switching. Results Among Mexican American older adults, FFS enrollees were more likely to be born in Mexico, speak Spanish, have lower levels of education, and have more disability than MA enrollees. Older adults with a larger number of limitations of instrumental activities of daily living (odds ratio [OR] = .50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .26-.98) and more social support (OR = .70; 95% CI = .45-.98) were less likely to switch from FFS to MA compared with older adults with no limitations and less social support. Additionally, older adults living in counties with a greater number of MA plans were more likely to switch from FFS to MA (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.45-3.16), compared with counties with a lower number of MA plans. In counties with a higher number of MA plans, older adults with more social support had lower odds of switching from FFS to MA (OR = .48; 95% CI = .28-.82) compared with older adults with less social support. Conclusion Compared with those enrolled in MA, older Mexican American adults enrolled in Medicare FFS are more socioeconomically disadvantaged and more likely to demonstrate poor health status. Stronger social support and increased physical limitations were strongly associated with less frequent switching from FFS to MA plans. Additionally, increased availability of MA plans at the county level is a significant driver of enrollment in MA plans. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:313-320, 2020.
The Total Solar Eclipse of 2017: Meteorological Observations from a Statewide Mesonet and Atmospheric Profiling Systems

AbstractA total solar eclipse traversed the continental United States on 21 August 2017. It was the first such event in 99 years and provided a rare opportunity to observe the atmospheric response ...
Caspase-1-independent interleukin-1β is required for clearance of bordetella pertussis infections and whole-cell vaccine-mediated immunity (INM6P.413)

Whooping cough remains a significant disease worldwide and its re-emergence in highly vaccinated populations has been attributed to a combination of imperfect vaccines and evolution of the pathogen. The focus of this study was to examine the role of IL-1α/β and the inflammasome in generation of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) response, which is required for the clearance of B. pertussis. We show that IL-1β but not IL-1α is required for mediating the clearance of B. pertussis from the lungs of mice. We further found that IL-1β and IL-1R deficient mice have normal but persistent levels of inflammation, characterized by immune cell infiltration, with significantly increased IFNγ and a normal IL-17A response during B. pertussis infection. Contrary to expectations, the cleavage of precursor IL-1β to its mature form did not require caspase-1 during primary infections within the lung despite being required by bone marrow-derived macrophages exposed to live bacteria. We also found that the caspase-1 inflammasome was not required for protective immunity against a B. pertussis challenge following vaccination with heat-killed whole cell B. pertussis, despite IL-1R signaling being required. These findings demonstrate that caspase-1-independent host factors are involved in the processing of protective IL-1β responses that are critical for bacterial clearance and vaccine-mediated immunity.
Targeting CSF-1 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by depleting inflammatory monocytes and microglia in the central nervous system without affecting quiescent microglia

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are autoimmune diseases characterized by extensive infiltration of myeloid cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Although myeloid cells are essential to MS/EAE pathology, none of the current MS therapies specifically target them. A promising strategy for bridging this gap may be targeting the biological activity of CSF-1R, a receptor tyrosine kinase important for survival and functioning of certain myeloid cells, such as monocytes and macrophages. It has been shown that CSF-1R inhibitors suppress EAE, but it is not known whether targeting CSF-1R ligands, CSF-1 and IL-34, could be a viable therapeutic strategy. We found that neutralization of CSF-1 with Ab attenuates ongoing EAE, similar to CSF-1R inhibitor BLZ945, whereas neutralization of IL-34 had no effect. Both anti-CSF-1- and BLZ945-treated mice with EAE had greatly diminished numbers of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and microglia in the CNS. However, anti-CSF-1 antibody selectively depleted inflammatory microglia, whereas BLZ945 depleted virtually all microglia, including quiescent microglia. We also found depletion of myeloid cells in the spleen and lymph nodes of anti-CSF-1- and BLZ945-treated mice, but only a modest decrease in encephalitogenic T cell responses, suggesting that the depletion of CNS myeloid cells is more relevant to EAE suppression. Decreased myeloid cell populations in treated mice resulted in reduced production of IL-1β, a key inflammatory mediator in EAE. The treatments also reduced the frequencies of CCL2- and CCR2-expressing cells in the CNS, suggesting that CSF-1/CSF-1R inhibition may hinder recruitment of immune cells to the CNS. Our findings suggest that targeting CSF-1 may be effective in ameliorating myeloid cell-mediated MS pathology, while preserving homeostatic functions of microglia and decreasing risks that might arise from their ablation with small molecule inhibitors of CSF-1R.
Factors related to passing the safety fast test among neonates with hypoglycaemia in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Aim To investigate the success rates and predictors of safety fast test among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for hypoglycaemia. Methods A retrospective review of neonates transferred from the newborn nursery unit to the neonatal intensive care unit for intravenous dextrose therapy for hypoglycaemia from January 2016 to June 2019. Neonatal clinical and demographic variables were abstracted from the medical records. A successful safety fast test was defined by blood glucose >60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) at 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after a feed. Results Of the 76 neonates who had a safety fast test, 80% passed on their first attempt. Neonates who passed the safety fast test were less likely to be premature/small for gestational age (54.1% vs. 92.9%, P = 0.03), required less maximum glucose infusion rate (median 6 vs. 7 mg/kg/min; P = 0.04), and were younger at fasting challenge (median 5 vs. 9 days; P = 0.02), required lower overall intravenous glucose load (median 12 vs. 24 g/kg; P = 0.006). Conclusion Safety fast test may be a useful tool evaluating discharge readiness of neonates with persistent hypoglycaemia.
Tele-mental health intervention for caregivers of children on home ventilation: A randomized control trial.

Objective To evaluate a Tele-P Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CBT) to promote the emotional functioning (i.e., reduced anxiety, depression, and social isolation) and improve the quality of life (QoL) of caregivers of children who are ventilator dependent at home. Study design A randomized clinical trial of Tele-P - CBT adapted intervention and subsequent 1 month follow-up. Setting Home-based remote connection. Patients Caregivers of ventilator dependent children with significant QoL impairment who scored below 2 standard deviations on a QoL screening tool. Intervention Eight weekly, 1-hour, individualized CBT sessions delivered via videoconferencing by a trained, licensed social worker MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants' anxiety, depression, social isolation, and quality of life were measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29TM), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS). Results Participation in a Tele-P intervention significantly reduced caregivers' anxiety, depression, and fatigue, and reduction was sustained in a 4 week follow-up period. There was no significant change in social isolation. Conclusion Findings demonstrate preliminary efficacy of an innovative Tele-P intervention on outcomes of anxiety, depression, and fatigue in an at-risk group of caregivers. Although the intervention did not improve self-reported social isolation, using technology in combination with established psychological support is an efficient way to better equip our mental health intervention systems to serve vulnerable populations.
Metrics and Algorithms for Designing Convolutional Codes With Unequal Error Protection

We consider multi-input convolutional codes with unequal error protection (UEP) among the inputs. Using conventional metrics including the free input distance and free input sum weight as a measure for UEP degree, we design efficient and optimal algorithms to evaluate these metrics for any number of inputs. Next, we discuss several ambiguities arisen from using these metrics to estimate convolutional code UEP property and propose two new metrics, the average weight per path and the ant colony system UEP (ACS-UEP) index. The ACS-UEP index can accurately and consistently capture UEP properties over all ranges of SNR. Using these metrics, we propose an algorithmic process for designing convolutional codes with bounded external degree complexity to minimize a weighted sum of input error probabilities. We analyze the effectiveness of the design approach and show significant improvements over existing UEP convolutional code designing approach in terms of both the absolute and UEP input error protections. Our proposed algorithms for designing multi-input convolutional codes with UEP are flexible, adaptable, and provide high performance codes within the specified complexity.
Examining community mental health providers' delivery of structured weight loss intervention to youth with serious emotional disturbance: An application of the theory of planned behaviour

Background Rates of overweight and obesity are disproportionately high among youth with serious emotional disturbance (SED). Little is known about community mental health providers' delivery of weight loss interventions to this vulnerable population. Objective This study examined attitudinal predictors of their providers' intentions to deliver weight loss interventions to youth with SED using the theory of planned behaviour. Design This study used a cross-sectional, single-time-point design to examine the relationship of the theory of planned behaviour constructs with behavioural intention. Setting and participants Community mental health providers (n = 101) serving youth with SED in the United States completed online clinical practice and theory of planned behaviour surveys. Main variables studied We examined the relationship of direct attitude constructs (i.e., attitude towards the behaviour, social norms and perceived behavioural control), role beliefs and moral norms with behavioural intention. Analyses included a confirmatory factor analysis and two-step linear regression. Results The structure of the model and the reliability of the questionnaire were supported. Direct attitude constructs, role beliefs and moral norms predicted behavioural intention to deliver weight loss interventions. Discussion While there is debate about the usefulness of the theory of planned behaviour, our results showed that traditional and newer attitudinal constructs appear to influence provider intentions to deliver weight loss interventions to youth with SED. Findings suggest preliminary strategies to increase provider intentions. Public contribution This study was designed and the results were interpreted as part of a larger, community-based participatory research effort that included input from youth, families, providers, administrators and researchers. Collaborative discussions with community mental health providers and administrators particularly contributed to the study question asked as well as interpretation of results.
Precision Medicine and a Learning Health System for Mental Health

More than any other field of healthcare, mental health is in dire need of efficient models for integrating the people, paradigms, and technologies required to acquire and apply new knowledge. In this chapter, we introduce the need for precision mental healthcare. We address the critical role of health information technology (HIT) and the application of informatics technologies on the journey towards precision mental healthcare. We describe the Learning Health System (LHS)—a health system in which data generated during the routine delivery of care is used to generate the evidence upon which new knowledge can be built and fed seamlessly back into the system. We describe how the LHS model aligns with, and integrates, the core informatics cycle of knowledge acquisition within and among basic research, clinical research, and real-world clinical practice. Finally, we introduce the idea of a precision healthcare agenda for mental health—what it is, how it relates to the LHS, and how it is made possible by the science of informatics.
Using State Inspection Statutes for Discovery in Federal Securities Fraud Actions

We propose that plaintiffs in securities fraud actions should use state inspections statutes to obtain discovery about potential securities fraud cases. First, we argue that the Private Securities Law Reform Act has substantially increased shareholders' difficulty in uncovering securities fraud. Next, we show that shareholders have an alternative method of investigating fraud: state inspections statutes. We then analyze cases filed under the Delaware inspection statute to examine the costs to plaintiffs of pursuing claims under this statute. We find that the statutory inspection process is a largely successful, although expensive and time-consuming, process. Nevertheless, potential plaintiffs could realize substantial benefits from utilizing inspection statutes in this manner, particularly if Delaware streamlined its inspection process to make it faster and less costly for shareholders seeking information.
The Dublin Core Metadata Registry: Requirements, Implementation, and Experience

Metadata registries are an important digital library research area with the promise of satisfying the needs of metadata designers, practitioners, and users. This paper describes the deployment experience involving the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) metadata registry [1] and discusses the opportunities and prospects for metadata registries as part of the evolving Web-based metadata infrastructure. The motivation and architecture of the DCMI registry are discussed. Benefits and beneficiaries are described, as well as barriers to installation and adoption of metadata registry technology. In addition, prospects for further development are discussed.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs and Some Prescription Drugs

Almost any substance has the potential for abuse (if we define abuse as the voluntary intake to the point of causing physical or psychological harm). l,2 As discussed in Chapter 1, this potential is especially true if the drug has the capacity for altering an individual’s perception of his environment. In this chapter, brief mention will be made of the misuse of some prescription drugs, including the antiparkinsonian medications, diuretics, and antipsychotics. However, the focus is on the over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.
The Boeing Variable‐Sweep Supersonic Transport

This paper describes the principal features of the Boeing variable‐sweep supersonic transport and compares the aircraft's performance with that of the low aspect ratio supersonic transport. It is important to note that where comparisons are made between the Boeing 733 SST and the BAC‐Sud Concorde, the performance of the American airliner relates to the earliest version of the aircraft (a process of design refinement is continuing and the final form of the aircraft is therefore not jet decided) while the characteristics of the Anglo‐French airliner are based on those of the small early version of the aircraft—the latest version being of much larger wing area, having higher thrust engines and generally improved design features (see ‘Concorde— Interim Report’, Aircraft Engineering, July 1965, pp. 218–24)—Editor.
Developing a New Philosophy of Water Rights

No SURVEY of the Central Valley Project can be complete without an examination of the California water law, particularly developments since the 1928 amendment to Article XIV of the constitution including the important recent decision of the United States Supreme Court in the case of United States v. Gerlach Live Stock Co.1 Congress in authorizing various portions of the Central Valley undertaking has provided that the reclamation law will govern the project." Reclamation law declares:"
Effects of artificial sweeteners on breath alcohol concentrations in male and female social drinkers.

Abstract Background Alcohol is often mixed with various nonalcoholic beverages. While consumption of food with alcohol will decrease peak breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC), recent evidence has suggested that mixing alcohol with diet beverages can result in higher BrAC when compared with mixing the same amount of alcohol with sweetened beverages. The purpose of this study was to examine this phenomenon using two different moderate alcohol doses. Methods Twenty participants (10 males) attended five sessions where they received 1 of 5 doses (0.91 ml/kg vodka + 3.64 ml/kg of diet soda, 0.91 ml/kg vodka + 3.64 of regular soda, 1.82 ml/kg vodka + 7.28 ml/kg diet soda, 1.82 ml/kg vodka + 7.28 ml/kg regular soda, and a placebo beverage). BrAC was recorded repeatedly up to 180 min after dose administration. Results Participants had significantly higher BrAC when the mixer was diet as compared to regular for both alcohol dose conditions. No gender differences were observed. Conclusions Mixing alcohol with diet beverages can result in higher BrAC when compared to the same amount of alcohol administered with a similar sweetened beverage. Individuals who consume diet mixers with alcohol may reduce caloric intake but increase the harms associated with higher BrACs.
INFLUENCE OF LOW INCUBATION TEMPERATURE ON CLASSIFICATION OF PSEUDOMONAS GENICULATA

Frank, Hilmer A. (Eastern Regional Research Laboratory, Philadelphia, Pa.). Influence of low incubation temperature on classification of Pseudomonas geniculata. J. Bacteriol. 84:68–71. 1962.—Biochemical and physiological properties of psychrophilic Pseudomonas geniculata isolates were determined at 8 C and at 27 C. No qualitative differences in taxonomically significant properties were observed as a result of incubation temperature. With sufficient incubation time, classification of psychrophilic strains would not be impaired by low temperatures.
Combined cold- and heat-induced cholinergic urticaria.

A 36-year-old white woman with a 20-year history of cutaneous, respiratory, and cardiovascular symptoms triggered by physical activity and by exposure to either heat or cold was evaluated. A routine evaluation for the cause of her condition was positive only for certain physical factors. Cutaneous testing for dermatographism, ice-cube challenge, and exposure to ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B light were negative. A methacholine skin test was positive. Sitting in a cold room (4° C) induced micropapular wheals on exposed areas similar to those classically associated with cholinergic urticaria. Placing both feet in warm water (44° C) induced similar but more intense cutaneous lesions at sites not exposed to heat, light headedness, and severe asthma. Exercise for 10 minutes caused confluent and punctate urticarial lesions. Simultaneous measurement of plasma histamine during cold and heat challenges revealed increases paralleling the course of symptoms. Repeat challenge with cold, heat, and exercise after beginning treatment with both H1 and H2 histamine antagonists resulted in marked reduction in symptoms: however, significant rises in plasma histamines were still noted.