cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of intravenous propranolol in predicting left anterior descending blood flow during anterior myocardial infarction

The effect of propranolol on precordial ST-segment elevation was studied in 24 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. The electrocardiographic response to the drug was correlated with the early angiographic appearance of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). After a 30-minute observation period, intravenous propranolol (average dose 3.5 +/- 2.2 mg) was given a mean of 2.8 +/- 1.9 hours after the onset of persistent chest pain. Coronary angiography was performed 3.6 +/- 2.0 hours after the onset of symptoms. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to the angiographic findings. Group A consisted of 7 patients with a stenotic but patent LAD and 1 patient with excellent collateral blood flow to that area. Group B consisted of 16 patients with a completely occluded LAD and poor or absent collateral blood flow. Patients in group A showed a mean reduction in precordial ST-segment elevation of 77 +/- 18% and patients in group B showed a mean reduction of 13 +/- 14% (p less than 0.005). Left ventricular ejection fraction at discharge was 0.6 +/- 0.07 in group A and 0.37 +/- 0.08 in group B (p less than 0.001). Thus, the electrocardiographic response to intravenous propranolol given early in the course of acute anterior myocardial infarction predicts the presence of blood flow to the infarcting zone. The combination of residual blood flow and reduction of ST-segment elevation secondary to propranolol is associated with preservation of ventricular function.
A short history of visuality in modern Japan: crisis, money, perception

Abstract Departing from the stories of how two famous Kabuki actors reacted when seeing their own film images projected back to them (in 1900 and 1995 respectively), this paper inquires into the history — and concept — of transformation as it applies to both visuality and capitalism in modern Japan. It is argued that both Japanese film perception and capitalism share a similar logic of crisis that is integral when accounting for their large‐scale transformations. This linkage between film and capitalism is then pursued by studying how forms of perception (through daily viewing habits) intricately relate to the money form (through daily consuming habits) during the first stages of Japanese modernity.
The viscosity and ion conductivity of polydimethylsiloxane systems: 2. Ion concentration effects

Abstract A homologous series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oils was doped with varying amounts of PDMS salts of three different univalent cations (sodium, tetramethylammonium and tetrapropylammonium). The zero-shear-rate viscosity and ion conductivity of each sample were measured over the temperature range −50°C
Microarrays : Applications and pitfalls

Microarrays are simple assays that measure the relative expression levels of tens of thousands of genes. Excitement about their importance and potential contributions to biology and medicine has been intense. Nonetheless, recent insights into the limitations and pitfalls of microarrays have led to caution about data interpretation. Microarrays are very useful but they are also very misleading; better data analysis tools are needed to improve accuracy.
A dynamic stability study of a centrifuge- equipped space station.

Space-station-centrifuge configuration dynamic stability studied by mathematical model exhibiting instabilities at lower and higher centrifuge rotational speeds
Žižek's Dialectics of Difference and the Problem of Space

This paper begins with the question of what about dialectics might be interesting to geographers today. I argue that, for those who are interested in engaging dialectical thought, Slavoj Žižek's work offers a productive way of conceptualizing an open dialectic without synthesis or totality. The goal of this paper is to explain Žižek' idea of the parallax view and to demonstrate its relevance for geographers. To do this, I begin by showing how Žižek's dialectical vision differs from that of David Harvey by using the example of Harvey's analysis of ‘capitalist imperialism’. Next, I turn to Deleuzian spatial ontology and its understandings of virtual and actual spaces. I discuss Žižek's engagement with Gilles Deleuze's thought and draw out the implications of a dialectical understanding of the virtual and the actual.
Response to a Pure Tone in a Nonlinear Mechanical-Electrical-Acoustical Model of the Cochlea

In this article, a nonlinear mathematical model is developed based on the physiology of the cochlea of the guinea pig. The three-dimensional intracochlear fluid dynamics are coupled to a micromechanical model of the organ of Corti and to electrical potentials in the cochlear ducts and outer hair cells (OHC). OHC somatic electromotility is modeled by linearized piezoelectric relations whereas the OHC hair-bundle mechanoelectrical transduction current is modeled as a nonlinear function of the hair-bundle deflection. The steady-state response of the cochlea to a single tone is simulated in the frequency domain using an alternating frequency time scheme. Compressive nonlinearity, harmonic distortion, and DC shift on the basilar membrane (BM), tectorial membrane (TM), and OHC potentials are predicted using a single set of parameters. The predictions of the model are verified by comparing simulations to available in vivo experimental data for basal cochlear mechanics. In particular, the model predicts more amplification on the reticular lamina (RL) side of the cochlear partition than on the BM, which replicates recent measurements. Moreover, small harmonic distortion and DC shifts are predicted on the BM, whereas more significant harmonic distortion and DC shifts are predicted in the RL and TM displacements and in the OHC potentials.
Distributional effects of international commodity price stabilization: Do the aggregate gains apply to individual producing countries?

Abstract This paper demonstrates the different producer gains and losses that can occur from a price stabilization scheme in a same market. An international buffer stock model integrated in a trade flow model of commodity exports of the Latin American economies is used to simulate two representative products: coffee, where instability in the world market has originated mainly from changes in supply, and copper, where the major source of world market disturbances have been demand shifts. The results show that global generalizations as to the net benefits or costs of price stabilization are erroneous at the producer country level in supply or supply/demand dominated instability, a condition that typifies many primary commodity markets.
Perivascular cells in blood vessel regeneration

Vascular engineering seeks to design and construct functional blood vessels comprising endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular cells (PCs), with the ultimate goal of clinical translation. While EC behavior has been extensively investigated, PCs play an equally significant role in the development of novel regenerative strategies, providing functionality and stability to vessels. The two major classes of PCs are vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) and pericytes; vSMCs can be further sub-classified as either contractile or synthetic. The inclusion of these cell types is crucial for successful regeneration of blood vessels. Furthermore, understanding distinctions between vSMCs and pericytes will enable improved therapeutics in a tissue-specific manner. Here we focus on the approaches and challenges facing the use of PCs in vascular regeneration, including their characteristics, stem cell sources, and interactions with ECs. Finally, we discuss biochemical and microRNA (miR) regulators of PC behavior and engineering approaches that mimic various cues affecting PC function.
Do antitakeover provisions harm shareholders

Abstract We reexamine the negative relation between firm value and the number of antitakeover provisions a firm has in place. We document that firms with characteristics indicating low power to bargain for favorable terms in a takeover, but also indicating high potential agency costs, have more antitakeover provisions in place. We also find that for these firms, Tobin's Q increases in the number of adopted provisions. These findings are robust to several methods that control for endogeneity. Our evidence suggests that adopting more antitakeover provisions is beneficial for certain firms and challenges the commonplace view that antitakeover provisions are universally harmful for shareholders.
Peptidomimetics of Arg-Phe-NH2 as small molecule agonists of Mas-related gene C (MrgC) receptors

A series of Arg-Phe-NH2 peptidomimetics containing an Arg mimetic were synthesized and tested as agonists of human MrgX1, rat MrgC, and mouse MrgC11 receptors. As predicted from the previously established species specificity, these peptidomimetics were found to be devoid of MrgX1 agonist activity. In contrast, these compounds acted as agonists of MrgC and/or MrgC11 with varying degrees of potency. These new peptidomimetics should complement the existing small molecule human MrgX1 agonists and enhance our ability to assess the therapeutic utility of targeting Mrg receptors in rodent models.
Immunohistological identification of macrophages in murine placentae, yolk-sac membranes and pregnant uteri

Summary Several studies have indicated the presence of mononuclear phagocytes in placentae and in extra-placental membranous structures from various mammalian species, but little is known of the cells' precise location or of their possible functions. Because localization of macrophages in mice is facilitated by the existence of specific antisera, indirect immunofluorescence was used in the present study to identify and approximate the numbers of macrophages associated with murine placentae, yolk-sac membranes and pregnant uteri. Substantial numbers of cells which were reactive with the specific antiserum were observed in uterine tissue, in the uterine cavity and in the mesodermal layer of the yolk sac. There was no readily apparent quantitative relationship between macrophages in either location and antigenic disparity between mother and fetus. Furthermore, the macrophages contained substantial amounts of immunoglobulin, apparently in the form of antigen-antibody complexes, an observation which suggested that those Fc receptor-positive cells may function to remove complexes of soluble fetal antigen and anti-fetal antibody during passage of immunoglobulin from mother to fetus.
Molecular mechanism of transcriptional activation of human gelatinase B by proximal promoter

Abstract Gelatinase B is a regulated matrix metalloproteinase with important role in the remodeling of extracellular matrix and many pathological conditions such as tumor invasion and rheumatoid arthritis, physiological processes including embryonic growth and development, migration of blood leukocytes into tissues and tissue remodeling. Elevated levels of certain MMPs are believed to be associated with various pathological states. We cloned the 5′-flanking 600 bp sequence of human gelatinase B gene by PCR, which controls the expression of the gene by ligating it to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. Four kinds of cell lines were used to transiently transfect. Deletion analysis revealed that 100 bp (−600 to −500 bp) contributed positively to induction by tumor necrosis factor. The 100 bp contains NF-κB site, Ap-1 site, PEA3 and Sp-1 site. The expression of the human gelatinase B gene varied in different cells in the presence of TNF. NF-κB factor may play an important role in regulating the gene expression. Comparison of the finding with those for the promoter of gelatinase A, collagenase and stromelysin shows that the determinant for the inducibility of the gelatinase B gene is more complex.
CLASSICAL CP**(N-1) CRYSTAL

Two-dimensional Euclidean CP N−1 ffields are conformal-transformed into fields with periodic spatial (crystal-like) structures, both at zero temperature and at finite temperature. Specific solutions of the crystal-like CP N−1 model are discussed
ACE inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure (CHF). Abnormal activation of the RAAS adversely affects cardiac performance and impairs functional status, increasing both afterload and preload through direct and indirect mechanisms. Conventional first-line therapy for CHF consists of diuretics and/or digitalis. Diuretics offer rapid relief of symptoms, effective volume control, and ease of administration, but are associated with a number of disadvantages, including further activation of neurohormonal systems resulting in augmented vasoconstriction. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which block the RAAS by inhibiting production of angiotensin II from angiotensin I, are emerging as the vasodilators of choice in combination with diuretics with or without concomitant digitalis. Direct comparative studies have shown that ACE inhibitors provide acute and long-term symptomatic, hemodynamic, and exercise-related benefits as well as improved functional class and, possibly, slowed progression of disease with enhanced survival in specific subgroups. Captopril was the first orally effective ACE inhibitor associated with improved exercise tolerance and functional class in large multicenter trials of patients with severe heart failure and mild to moderate heart failure. Enalapril reduced the probability of death in patients with severe heart failure in the CONSENSUS trial. The new ACE inhibitor quinapril has been shown to improve hemodynamic status both acutely and chronically and to produce dose-related improvements in exercise tolerance. ACE inhibitors have a favorable safety profile, although hypotension can occur with initial doses, particularly in volume-depleted patients or at times when excessive initial doses are administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fluorescence Intensity Decays of 2-Aminopurine solutions: Lifetime Distribution Approach

The fluorescent adenine analog 2-aminopurine (2AP) has been used extensively to monitor conformational changes and macromolecular binding events involving nucleic acids because its fluorescence properties are highly sensitive to changes in chemical environment. Furthermore, site-specific incorporation of 2AP permits local DNA and RNA conformational events to be discriminated from the global structural changes monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy and circular dichroism. However, although the steady-state fluorescence properties of 2AP have been well defined in diverse settings, interpretation of 2AP fluorescence lifetime parameters has been hampered by the heterogeneous nature of multiexponential 2AP intensity decays observed across populations of microenvironments. To resolve this problem, we tested the utility of multiexponential versus continuous Lorentzian lifetime distribution models to describe fluorescence intensity decays from 2AP in diverse chemical backgrounds and within the context of RNA. Heterogeneity was introduced into 2AP intensity decays by mixing solvents of differing polarities or by adding quenchers under high viscosity to evaluate the transient effect. Heterogeneity of 2AP fluorescence within the context of a synthetic RNA hairpin was introduced by structural remodeling using a magnesium salt. In each case except folded RNA (which required a bimodal distribution), 2AP lifetime properties were well described by single Lorentzian distribution functions, abrogating the need to introduce additional discrete lifetime subpopulations. Rather, heterogeneity in fluorescence decay processes was accommodated by the breadth of each distribution. This approach also permitted solvent relaxation effects on 2AP emission to be assessed by comparing lifetime distributions at multiple wavelengths. Together, these studies provide a new perspective for the interpretation of 2AP fluorescence lifetime properties that will further the utility of this fluorophore in analyses of the complex and heterogeneous structural microenvironments associated with nucleic acids.
A People's Guide to Los Angeles

It's a great place to live, but I wouldn't want to visit there.—Mark Twain on Los AngelesI often tell would-be visitors that unless they plan to stay a while, they might as well bypass Los Angeles ...
Misleading results from saliva samples of patients post-BMT in exome analyses.

To the editor: We routinely perform clinical exome sequencing on blood samples from patients without bone marrow transplants (BMTs). Moreover, we accept saliva samples due to the acceptable DNA quality, noninvasiveness, and improved percentage of participants.[1][1] We assess the quality at the wet
Using SiZer to detect thresholds in ecological data

Ecological systems can change substantially in response to small shifts in environmental conditions. Such changes are characterized by a non-linear relationship between the value of the response variable and one or more explanatory variables. Documenting the magnitude of change and the environmental conditions that give rise to these threshold responses is important for both the scientific community and the agencies charged with ecosystem management. A threshold is defined as a substantial change in a response variable, given a marginal change in environmental conditions. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of a derivative-based method for detecting ecological thresholds along a single explanatory variable. The “significant zero crossings” (SiZer) approach uses a non-parametric method to approximate the response function and its derivatives and then examines how those functions change across the range of the explanatory variable. SiZer makes fewer assumptions than conventional threshold models and explore...
A NEW LOOK AT THE LOCAL WHITE DWARF POPULATION

We have conducted a detailed new survey of the local population of white dwarfs lying within 20 pc of the Sun. A new revised catalog of local white dwarfs containing 122 entries (126 individual degenerate stars) is presented. This list contains 27 white dwarfs not included in a previous list from 2002, as well as new and recently published trigonometric parallaxes. In several cases new members of the local white dwarf population have come to light through accurate photometric distance estimates. In addition, a suspected new double degenerate system (WD 0423+120) has been identified. The 20 pc sample is currently estimated to be 80% complete. Using a variety of recent spectroscopic, photometric, and trigonometric distance determinations, we re-compute a space density of 4.8 ± 0.5 × 10–3 pc–3 corresponding to a mass density of 3.2 ± 0.3 × 10–3 M ☉ pc–3 from the complete portion of the sample within 13 pc. We find an overall mean mass for the local white dwarfs of 0.665 M ☉, a value larger than most other non-volume-limited estimates. Although the sample is small, we find no evidence of a correlation between mass and temperature in which white dwarfs below 13,000 K are systematically more massive than those above this temperature. Within 20 pc 25% of the white dwarfs are in binary systems (including double degenerate systems). Approximately 6% are double degenerates and 6.5% are Sirius-like systems. The fraction of magnetic white dwarfs in the local population is found to be 13%.
Proposed experimental test of an alternative electrodynamic theory of superconductors

Abstract An alternative form of London’s electrodynamic theory of superconductors predicts that the electrostatic screening length is the same as the magnetic penetration depth. We argue that experiments performed to date do not rule out this alternative formulation and propose an experiment to test it. Experimental evidence in its favor would have fundamental implications for the understanding of superconductivity.
Attentional retraining: a randomized clinical trial for pathological worry

Abstract Objective Research has consistently shown that highly anxious individuals tend to show an attentional bias in favor of threat cues (i.e., a threat bias). Further, recent evidence suggests that it is possible to modify patterns of attention allocation for such stimuli and the resulting changes in attention allocation alter affective responses to stress. However, to date such changes in patterns of attention have been shown only over brief time intervals and only in non-anxious individuals who lack a pre-existing attentional bias. In contrast, the present study tested the efficacy of such attentional training in a sample of severe worriers over an extended period of time using psychometrically validated measures of anxiety and depression. Method Twenty-four adult participants reporting severe worry were randomly assigned to receive five sessions of either computer-delivered attentional retraining or sham training. The study was conducted from January to August 2001 and June to August 2002. Results Significant Treatment Group X Time interactions were found for both threat bias (p = 001) and a composite measure of anxious and depressive symptoms (p = .002). Compared to sham-training, the active retraining program produced significant reductions in both threat bias and symptoms. Conclusions These data support the view that an attentional bias in favor of threat cues is an important causal factor in generalized anxiety and suggest that a computer-based attentional retraining procedure may be an effective component of treatment.
Experimental Determination of the Effect of Varying the Base Fluid on Static Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

The heat transfer abilities of fluids can be improved by adding small particles of sizes of the order of nanometers. Recently a lot of research has been done in evaluating the thermal conductivity of nanofluids using various nanoparticles. In our present work we address this issue by conducting a series of experiments to determine the effective thermal conductivity of alumina-nanofluids by varying the base fluid with water and antifreeze liquids like ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. Temperature oscillation method is used to find the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. The results show the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids depends on viscosity of the base fluid. Finally the results are validated with a recently proposed theoretical model.© 2005 ASME
Age at presentation of common pediatric surgical conditions: Reexamining dogma.

Abstract Purpose The commonly cited ages at presentation of many pediatric conditions have been based largely on single center or outdated epidemiologic evidence. Thus, we sought to examine the ages at presentation of common pediatric surgical conditions using cases from large national databases. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project databases from 1988 to 2009. Pediatric discharges were selected using matched ICD9 diagnosis and procedure codes for malrotation, intussusception, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), incarcerated inguinal hernia (IH), and Hirschsprung disease (HD). Descriptive statistics were computed. Results A total of 63,750 discharges were identified, comprising 2744 cases of malrotation, 5831 of intussusception, 36,499 of HPS, 8564 of IH, and 10,112 of HD. About 58.2% of malrotation cases presented before age 1. Moreover, 92.8% of HPS presented between 3 and 10weeks. For intussusception, 50.3% and 91.4% presented prior to ages 1 and 4years, respectively. Also, 55.8% of IHD cases presented before their first birthday. For HD, 6.5% of cases presented within the neonatal period and 45.9% prior to age 1year. Conclusion Our findings support generally cited presenting ages for HPS and intussusception. However, the ages at presentation for HD, malrotation, and IH differ from commonly cited texts.
Ventral striatum and the evaluation of memory retrieval strategies

Adaptive memory retrieval requires mechanisms of cognitive control that facilitate the recovery of goal-relevant information. Frontoparietal systems are known to support control of memory retrieval. However, the mechanisms by which the brain acquires, evaluates, and adapts retrieval strategies remain unknown. Here, we provide evidence that ventral striatal activation tracks the success of a retrieval strategy and correlates with subsequent reliance on that strategy. Human participants were scanned with fMRI while performing a lexical decision task. A rule was provided that indicated the likely semantic category of a target word given the category of a preceding prime. Reliance on the rule improved decision-making, as estimated within a drift diffusion framework. Ventral striatal activation tracked the benefit that relying on the rule had on decision-making. Moreover, activation in ventral striatum correlated with a participant's subsequent reliance on the rule. Taken together, these results support a role for ventral striatum in learning and evaluating declarative retrieval strategies.
Toll-like receptor 4 plays a role in macrophage phagocytosis during peritoneal sepsis.

Abstract Background Peritoneal sepsis is a significant cause of mortality in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, caused in part by impaired bacterial clearance. Recent studies have identified toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) as a receptor for endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). We hypothesized that TLR4 regulates bacterial clearance from the peritoneal cavity and sought to investigate whether macrophage phagocytosis was involved. Methods Peritoneal sepsis was induced in mice expressing either functional TLR4 (TLR4-wild-type [WT]) or mutant TLR4 by intraperitoneal injection of either live Escherichia coli or LPS. Phagocytosis was assessed by measuring the uptake of opsonized red cells. To assess bacterial clearance, we irrigated peritoneal cavities of injected animals with saline and plated it on gram-negative selective media. Results LPS significantly increased the rate of phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages from TLR4-WT mice, but not in those from TLR4-mutant mice, suggesting a role for TLR4 in phagocytosis. LPS also increased the rates of phagocytosis in cultured macrophages expressing TLR4, confirming these findings. The yield of gram-negative bacteria obtained from the peritoneal cavities of septic TLR4-WT mice was greater than that from TLR4 mutants, consistent with TLR4-dependent alterations in their septic course. Conclusions We conclude that TLR4 plays a critical role in the response to intraperitoneal E. coli through effects on phagocytosis by macrophages, suggesting the possibility of using TLR4 as a therapeutic target in diseases of peritoneal sepsis.
Stable angina pectoris: antianginal therapies and future directions

Advances in pharmacotherapy for stable angina have produced a wide choice of drugs with various mechanisms of action, potentially enabling individualized, patient-specific treatment strategies to be developed. In this Review, the various treatment options for patients with stable angina are discussed. Data from randomized, clinical trials of established and novel drugs are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the proposed mechanisms of action, benefits of therapy, and adverse-effect profiles. The role of coronary revascularization in conjunction with optimal medical therapy as a treatment strategy is discussed, although drug therapy might reduce the need for prompt revascularization if the procedure is being considered solely for the purpose of alleviating angina. Finally, trials to investigate stimulation of angiogenesis using growth-factor, gene, and cell therapy are used to illustrate the challenges of chemically inducing the growth of adequate, durable blood vessels.
Improved self-sealing liquid encapsulation in Parylene structures by integrated stackable annular-plate stiction valve

We report on an improved self-sealing structure for Parylene-based liquid encapsulation. The specific improvements are an integrated stiction valve which reduces overall device footprint by nearly 50% over in-plane designs and the use of an annular-plate design in a stackable multi-layered configuration for successful longterm liquid encapsulation. We achieve automatic wafer-level liquid entrapment without using adhesives or processing at elevated pressures or temperatures. We also demonstrate the use of electrochemical impedance measurements as a means for tracking internal liquid volume.
Cellular Pharmacology of Liposomal cis-Bis-neodecanoato-trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(II) in A2780/S and A2780/PDD Cells

We studied the cytotoxicity, cellular accumulation, and DNA interactions induced by liposome-entrapped NDDP (L-NDDP) and cisplatin in A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells sensitive (A2780/S) and resistant (A2780/PDD) to cisplatin. L-NDDP was 2-fold more cytotoxic than cisplatin against A2780/S cells with 5-h or 24-h drug exposure. Both cell lines were equally sensitive to L-NDDP, while A2780/PDD cells were 4-fold resistant to cisplatin (resistance indexes, 1.30-1.85 and 4.02-4.50, respectively). Using a drug exposure time of 24 h, L-NDDP cytotoxicity was independent of the liposome composition used, whereas with shorter drug exposure (5 h), the cytotoxicity of L-NDDP was directly related to the relative content of DMPG in the liposome carrier. However, changes in liposome composition or drug exposure time did not alter the resistance index of L-NDDP in this cell system. The cellular accumulation of L-NDDP was similar in both cell lines and 2- to 5-fold higher than that of cisplatin in A2780/S cells, whereas the cellular accumulation of cisplatin was reduced by 2- to 3-fold in A2780/PDD cells. The presence of DMPG in the lipid bilayer enhanced by 2-fold the cellular accumulation of L-NDDP, in good correlation with the direct relation between cytotoxic potency of L-NDDP and the presence of DMPG in the liposome carrier. Pt/DNA levels were determined at different time points after drug exposure for 1 h. Peak Pt/DNA levels were observed at 6 h for cisplatin and at 9 h for L-NDDP. Peak Pt/DNA levels and Pt/DNA over time of L-NDDP were about 1.5- and 3-fold higher than those of cisplatin in A2780/S and A2780/PDD cells, respectively, when equimolar concentrations of both drugs were used. Cisplatin induced significant DNA interstrand and DNA-protein cross-links in A2780/S cells, and a good correlation was observed between cytotoxicity against both cell lines and both types of lesions. In contrast, equimolar concentrations of L-NDDP induced only minimal DNA interstrand cross-links in either cell line.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Sand Dune Plants of the North Atlantic Coast of the U.S.: Field and Greenhouse Inoculation and Presence of Mycorrhizae in Planting Stock

Abstract The ability of several sand dune-inhabiting plant species to successfully colonize dune sites appears to depend upon the presence in the soil of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that form mutualistic associations with roots. Dune sites barren of vegetation lack these fungi whose large spores are not readily dispersed to the root zones. Despite the absence of these beneficial fungi from barren sites, however, plantings made in AMF-free dune soils eventually form the mycorrhizal association. Examination of planting stock of several species of plants that are used to vegetate barren sand dunes and dune flats of the eastern seaboard of the U.S.A. revealed that AMF were routinely present in the planting materials prior to outplanting. AMF occurred in planting stock of seven varieties of Ammophila breviligulata , and in Prunus maritima , Rosa rugosa , and Spartina patens , but were absent from Myrica pensylvanica . In a field planting in a previously barren deflation zone in the large parabolic dunes of Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts, culms of A. breviligulata that were inoculated with native species of AMF produced more tillers and inflorescences than did non-inoculated plants, even though 78% of the latter had become mycorrhizal 47 weeks after planting. In greenhouse experiments, P. maritima was found to have an absolute requirement for AMF and Solidago sempervirens was not. The significance of the presence of AMF in planting stock for revegetation and restoration of previously unvegetated sites lacking in AMF is discussed.
Head Games: Introducing Tomorrow's Business Elites to Institutionalized Inequality

The author, who teaches in a business school where much emphasis is placed on managing the imperatives of the `global economy' and committing the 4 P's of marketing to memory, argues that, importan...
Height growth rate tradeoffs determine northern and southern range limits for trees

Identifying the biological determinants of range limits of trees is an unsolved problem of critical importance for predicting the effects of climate change on forests. Data showing that many boreal trees can grow in temperate climates indicate that southern range limits do not necessarily result from excessive temperature per se. A growth tradeoff could exist between freezing tolerance and height growth rate if adaptations to tolerate cold climates interfered with growth. Analysis of height growth rate versus freezing tolerance for twenty-two North American trees provided evidence for such a tradeoff. Provenance trials of numerous tree species also showed that a tradeoff exists within species, indicating a genetic basis for these traits. The result of this tradeoff is that at their southern range margins most species do not suffer from too much heat but rather face competitors with a faster growth rate. The implication for future climate change is that forests will not suffer catastrophic dieback due to increased temperatures but will rather be replaced gradually by faster growing types, perhaps over hundreds of years.
Mitigation of fatigue damage in self-healing vascular materials

Abstract The fatigue response of an epoxy matrix containing vasculature for the delivery of liquid healing agents is investigated. The release of a rapidly curing, two-part epoxy healing chemistry into the wake of a propagating crack reduces the rate of crack extension by shielding the crack tip from the full range of applied stress intensity factor. Crack propagation is studied for a variety of loading conditions, with the maximum applied stress intensity factor ranging from 62 to 84% of the quasi-static fracture toughness of the material. At the highest level of applied load, the rate of mechanical damage is so fast that the healing agents do not fully mix and polymerize, and the effect of healing is minimal. The self-healing response is most effective at impeding the slower propagating cracks, with complete crack arrest occurring at the lowest level of applied load, and reductions of 79–84% in the rate of crack extension at intermediate loads.
Science faculty at US research universities: The impacts of university research center-affiliation and gender on industrial activities☆

Abstract Academics work in increasingly complex institutional environments. Universities become more engaged with commercial activities at the same time that they generate new internal structures to manage research activities. Faculty members are the principal agents through which these interactions develop and mature. How these institutions and industrial arrangements affect faculty career management continues to be investigated in recent work. We use scientific and technical human capital theory to test the hypothesis that university research center-affiliation helps to facilitate valuable industrial involvement by university professors. We are particularly interested in how gender may moderate the effects of university research center-affiliation on industrial activities. We study tenure-track academic scientists and engineers in US research universities to find that affiliation with a university research center increases the industrial involvement of both men and women. We conclude that the development of university research centers has resulted in a new basis of institutional stratification among professors, with affiliates engaging in more industrial activities than their exclusively department-based peers. Although university research center-affiliation advantages both men and women, male university research center-affiliates enjoy a slightly greater advantage than female center-affiliates in their industrial involvement.
Linear Instability Analysis of a Horizontal Two-Phase Flow in the Presence of Electrohydrodynamic Extraction Force

The flow regimes associated with a horizontal internal two-phase (liquid-vapor) flow in the presence and absence of the electric field are investigated with the linear stability analysis. The momentum interchange due to the entrainment between the two phases is included in the analysis. The presence of the electric field promotes instability by providing the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) extraction force. Qualitative stability maps for the annular two-phase flow are provided with and without the electric field presence. Onset of the instability is compared with the experimental data and it is shown that the transition between the EHD-enhanced and EHD-suppressed convective boiling heat transfer is located near the annular-to-mist transition region
Assessing the Potential and Limitations of Leveraging Food Sovereignty to Improve Human Health

Food sovereignty has been defined as "the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems." Human health is an implied component of this definition through the principle of healthy food. In fact, improved human health is commonly cited as a benefit of transforming food production away from the dominant practices of industrial agriculture. Yet, does the use of "ecologically sound and sustainable methods" of food production necessarily translate into better human health outcomes? Does greater choice in defining an agricultural or food system create gains in health and well-being? We elucidate the conceptual linkages between food sovereignty and human health, critically examine the empirical evidence supporting or refuting these linkages, and identify research gaps and key priorities for the food sovereignty-human health research agenda. Five domains of food sovereignty are discussed including: (1) use of agroecological management practices for food production, (2) the localization of food production and consumption, (3) promotion of social justice and equity, (4) valuation of traditional knowledge, and (5) the transformation of economic and political institutions and structures to support self-determination. We find that although there are many plausible linkages between food sovereignty and human health, the empirical evidence in support of the hypothesis that increasing food sovereignty yields improvements to human health is weak. We propose that a concerted effort to generate new empirical evidence on the health implications of these domains of food sovereignty is urgently needed, and suggest areas of research that may be crucial for addressing the gaps in the evidence base.
IICAPS: A Treatment Model for Delinquent Youths with Co-occurring Mental Health Disorders

More than 1.7 million youth are presently on the delinquency caseloads of the juvenile courts in the USA (Harms 2003). Youth who enter the juvenile justice system have been found to present with a range of problematic behaviors that require mental health intervention if they are to be ameliorated (Wasserman et al. 2004). Prevalence research suggests that the rate of mental health disorders among youth in the juvenile justice system is close to 70%, exceeding the 10–20% estimated rate for youths in the general population (Espelage et al. 2003; National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice 2005). One large-scale study of 1,829 male and female juvenile detainees in Cook County, Illinois found that excluding conduct disorder, nearly 60% of male and 66% of female detainees met criteria for psychiatric disorders and had diagnostic-specific levels of impairment for one or more disorders. (Teplin et al. 2002)
Competing Under Asymmetric Information: The Case of Dynamic Random Access Memory Manufacturing

Much like in other semiconductor environments, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) manufacturers face significant demand uncertainty before production and capacity decisions can be implemented. This paper investigates the role of market information in DRAM manufacturing and the consequences of allowing information sharing in the industry. An oligopoly model of competition with correlated private information is developed in which firms make decisions about production and capacity. In this setting, firms consider the information their competitors are likely to hold, conditional on their own. We find that both firms and customers benefit when firms share information with their competitors. In particular, sharing information is profitable because market price decreases slowly with overproduction. When combined with the results from the information sharing literature, this paper highlights the need to assess information sharing policies on a case-by-case basis. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Neonatal Bilirubin Levels Following Administration of 1-Triiodothyronine.

SummaryThe effect of l-triiodothyronine on serum bilirubin in the newborn was studied. The mean difference between bilirubin levels at 2 and 4 days of age was determined in 100 infants given 25 μg ...
Absence of spermatogonia in the Prader-Willi syndrome.

Bilateral testicular biopsies in an 8 1/2 year old boy with the Prader-Willi syndrome showed total absence of spermatogonia. Similar findings in postpubertal cases (Wannarachue et al., 1975) suggest that testicular dysplasia is one of the reasons for hypogonadism in males with the Prader-Willi syndrome.
Fas and Fas-mediated effects on a human salivary cell line in vitro: a model for immune-mediated exocrine damage in Sjögren's syndrome.

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration and loss of parenchymal tissue in salivary and lacrimal glands. The mechanisms for these histologic alterations are not known. Apoptotic cell death, induced by the ligation of Fas (APO-1/CD95) with Fas ligand (FasL/CD95L) may be an explanation for the tissue damage seen in SS. Fas and FasL were detected in minor salivary glands from SS patients and healthy individuals using immunohistochemical methods. There was increased expression of both Fas and FasL in the patients. The ability of the Fas-FasL pathway to influence epithelial cell growth and survival was demonstrated in vitro using a human submandibular cell line. The presence of Fas receptor was demonstrated on the cells. Anti-Fas antibody triggered cell death. Cells were also grown in the presence of gamma-interferon (IFN-γ). IFN-γ induced an upregulation of Fas receptor expression and pre-treatment of cells with IFN-γ led to enhanced anti-Fas mediated cell death.
Increased pulmonary vascular pressor response to hypoxia in highland dogs.

SummaryGreater pulmonary vascular resistance increases in response to acute hy-poxia have been observed in the anesthetized dog at 1600-m altitude than in dogs studied at sea level. Consequently, the he-modynamic response to hypoxia was studied in 11 “lowland” dogs flown to Denver and compared to the response of 11 dogs obtained locally. The local “highland” dogs had mean increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance during hypoxia of +17 ± 1 mm Hg and + 5.3 ± 0.9 mm Hg/liter/min, respectively, in contrast to the increases of +12 ± 1 mm Hg and +2.8± 0.2 mm Hg/liter/min observed in the lowland dogs. The increase in pulmonary arterial pressure induced by prostaglandin F2a was not significantly different in the two groups. The pulmonary pressor response to hypoxia in seven lowland dogs restudied after 3- to 4-weeks residence at 1600 m was not altered. The difference in responsiveness of the pulmonary vascular bed to hypoxia in the two groups suggests that chronic low-grade hypoxi...
Gender Portrayals in Modern Cigarette and Alcohol Advertisements: A Replication

This paper presents a follow-up analysis to the Reid, King, and Wyant (1994) study using the~ methods they used to study gender portrayals in modern cigarette and alcohol advertising. Students content analyzed 394 unduplicated ads from I993- I994 issues from the same II magazines years later. The analysis revealed that advertisers still view women as decorative/sexual objects and men as the bread-earners.
317 FATIGUE IN COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS.

Introduction Current estimates of the risk of acquiring coccidioidomycosis is approximately 3% each year in the endemic area. While fatigue has been often noted as a clinical sequela of active coccidioidomycosis, it has never been quantified or compared with clinical, immunologic, or nutritional parameters. Methods 48 patients with confirmed symptomatic coccidioidomycosis who were followed at the Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (SAVAHCS) were assessed for fatigue using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Clinical outcome, serologic titer, in vitro coccidioidal cellular immunity, and nutritional analysis, including body mass index (BMI), albumin, and prealbumin, were assessed. 42 patients had repeat FSS scores. Forty-eight subjects without active coccidioidomycosis attending a routine medical visit at SAVAHCS served as patient controls. A second control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals who were employees at SAVAHCS. Results Severe fatigue (FSS ≥ 41) occurred in 63% of the coccidioidomycosis group compared to 42% of the patient control group (p = .03) and 0% of the healthy controls (p Conclusions Severe fatigue is a common condition among patients with active coccidioidomycosis and is associated with a declining BMI and lack of cellular immune response.
Managing abnormal vaginal bleeding.

PreviewAbnormal vaginal bleeding represents a significant problem among women in the reproductive age-group. Despite a lack of objective evidence, diagnosis and management can often be accomplished in the primary care office setting. Dr Nesse discusses the causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic options.
Interaction of CCK-8 and somatostatin-14 in control of food intake in dogs

interactions of cholecystokinin COOH-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8) and somatostatin-14 (SS-14) on food intake in dogs were examined by administration of graded doses of these peptides alone and in combination. In animals fasted 19 h, SS-14 (2,000 or 20,000 pmol.kg-1.h-1) had no effect on food intake. In animals fasted 4 h, food intake was not affected by 40 or 400 pmol.kg-1.h-1 SS-14 but was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased by 20% after 4,000 pmol.kg-1.h-1 SS-14. Feeding responses to simultaneous infusions of CCK-8 (50 or 400 pmol.kg-1.h-1) and SS-14 (40, 400, or 4,000 pmol.kg-1.h-1) were determined in animals fasted 4 h. Given alone, the high dose of CCK-8 (400 pmol.kg-1.h-1) significantly (P less than 0.01) depressed food intake by 55%. This effect was blocked by all doses of SS-14. In the absence of CCK-8, SS-14 had no effect except at the highest dose (4,000 pmol.kg-1.h-1), which significantly (P less than 0.01) stimulated food intake by 57%. This effect was blocked by both doses of CCK-8. Simultaneous infusion of lower doses of SS-14 (40 and 400 pmol.kg-1.h-1) and CCK-8 (50 pmol.kg-1.h-1) had no effect on food intake. These results suggest that plasma levels of CCK and SS-14 after a meal are not sufficient alone or in combination to produce satiety.
Analysis of residuals from multidimensional model fitting

Abstract This paper addresses such nonlinear least squares model fitting problems that require an analysis of the residuals, for instance to determine heteroscedasticity. In case with multidimensional observations the residuals are vectors having model induced correlations between components. It is shown that one can eliminate such correlations and also reduce the number of residual components by using reduced residuals. The application of the new concept is illustrated by an investigation o heteroscedasticity of vapor pressure measurements.