cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flow of an incompressible fluid in a partially filled, rapidly rotating cylinder with a differentially rotating endcap

The flow in a partially filled, strongly rotating cylinder with a differentially rotating endcap was studied both experimentally and numerically. The cylindrical container was mounted with a vertical axis of rotation, partially filled with an incompressible fluid, and rotated at a sufficiently high angular velocity that the fluid formed a film of essentially uniform thickness on the sidewall of the container. An axial circulation in this fluid film was induced by the differential rotation of one of the container endcaps. A laser-Doppler velocimeter was used to measure the axial and azimuthal velocity components. The experimental results were compared with a finite-difference model of the flow, and the agreement between the two was good. Boundary layers of thickness proportional to E1/3, where E = ν/ΩL2 is the Ekman number, are found both at the lateral wall and at the vertical free surface. The existence of an E1/3 boundary layer along the free surface is due to the invariant structure of the E½ Ekman layers on the horizontal surfaces with respect to a free surface. The radial transport in the Ekman layers of a partially filled rotating cylinder is essentially the same as that in a completely filled container. The axial transport, which in a completely filled container would have occurred in the volume now occupied by an empty core, is instead confined to a thin boundary layer along the free surface.
Grooming with a stone in sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys)

"Stone-grooming," or grooming with a stone, has been reported in Macaca fuscata. This report provides a descriptive account of a similar behavior displayed by a female mangabey Cercocebus atys. During a study of embracing behavior in sooty mangabeys, one adult female was observed to groom her infant with a stone. The grooming pattern involved short strokes and/or a circular motion over the area being groomed-the infant's eye region. Stone-grooming appears to be a distinct type of grooming although the function(s) of this behavior remains unclear. The use of a stone in grooming may represent a case of tool use.
General-order single- and multi-reference configuration interaction and coupled-cluster theory: Symmetric dissociation of water

Abstract We present a determinant-based method used to formulate many-body wave functions and energy expectation values of any quantum chemical model which can be written in terms of second-quantized operators. The method is used to apply single- and multi-reference configuration interaction and coupled-cluster theories, with restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF), unrestricted Hartree–Fock (UHF), and complete-active-space self-consistent-field (CASSCF) orbitals, to the symmetric dissociation of water. Results from unrestricted state-selective multi-reference coupled-cluster theory are presented for the first time.
Neutral cobalt-carbonyl bond energy by combined threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence and He(I) photoelectron spectroscopy

Ultraviolet photoelectron (PE) spectroscopic experiments were carried out on cyclopentadienyl cobalt dicarbonyl CpCo(CO) 2 (I) using a pyrolysis inlet system. Above a certain temperature this molecule loses a carbonyl group, resulting in the 16-electron molecule CpCoCO (II). By subtracting the PE spectrum of (I) from the mixed experimental spectrum, the PES of (II) was obtained. Adiabatic and vertical ionization energies (IEs) were also determined. By using a thermodynamic cycle, which included the appearance energy of CpCoCO + determined in an earlier threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence (TPEPICO) experiment, the dissociation energy of CpCOCO...CO was obtained to be 1.91 ′ 0.05 eV. Quantum-chemical calculations were also carried out to help the reassignment of the photoelectron spectrum of (I) and to help establish a reliable value of the adiabatic IE of (II).
Ultrastructural studies of the passage of gold thiomalate across the renal glomerular capillary wall.

In rats injected with gold thiomalate, electron-dense deposits were observed in the lysosomes of glomerular epithelial cells indicating passage through the capillary wall. The formation of these deposits appeared to be dependent on the sulfur-containing portion of the gold thiomalate molecule since similar, though not identical, deposits were seen in animals injected with sodium thiomalate. In 2 patients with gold nephrotoxicity, the kidney showed deposits in the peripheral capillary wall of the glomerulus resembling the deposits seen in immune-complex disease and differing in appearance from the “gold inclusions” produced by gold thiomalate.
A latent class analysis of resilient development among early adolescents living in public housing

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify types of early adolescents living in public housing neighborhoods based on patterns of resilient development. Informed by ecological-transactional theory, we evaluated a broad range of individual, relational, and contextual influences on resilient development among an ethnically diverse sample of 315 early adolescents (Mage = 12; 51% female) living in public housing neighborhoods. Results of a latent class analysis of 11 indicators and 2 outcome variables suggest three empirically derived classes representing overall patterns of favorable and unfavorable behavior. Daily hassles, low neighborhood cohesion, and a relaxed attitude towards substance use corresponded with a higher probability of substance use and delinquency. Significant differences in favorable behavior patterns reflecting resilient development between classes were found in attitudes towards substance use, academic efficacy, and school commitment. Results suggest important implications for preventive interventions for early adolescents living in public housing neighborhoods that are discussed.
3516 SCREENING, SURVEILLANCE AND TREATMENT PRACTICES FOR BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS.

Background: The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of screening, surveillance and treatment of Barrett s esophagus (BE) is controversial and it is unclear how practicing gastroenterologists implement available guidelines. We determined practice patterns and associated them with demographic factors, knowledge and opinions about efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Methods: 183 gastroenterologists were asked to fill out an anonymous questionnaire on screening for BE, surveillance of BE or microscopic intestinal metaplasia, treatment of BE, and eradication of H. pylori. We also assessed the respondents' knowledge and opinion of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these practices. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: 103 gastroenterologists responded. 14% were academic physicians, 6% worked in county/VA hospitals, and 80% were in private practice. Many respondents screened or surveyed patients at least once a year (table). 18% of respondents routinely performed ablative photodynamic therapy for BE. 3% referred patients with low-grade dysplasia for esophagectomy; the remainder continued endoscopic surveillance with or without ablation. 85% referred patients with high-grade dysplasia for esophagectomy. Over 81% treated asymptomatic BE patients with proton pump inhibitors, but only 56% believed that this would reduce cancer risk. 34% favored fundoplication as first-line treatment for BE, and 59% eradicated H. pylori in all BE patients. Factors predictive of surveillance practices were the physician's belief in efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Demographic factors were not predictive. Conclusions: Most gastroenterologists carry out BE screening and surveillance. Although belief in efficacy and cost-effectiveness are independent predictors of practice behavior, many physicians perform screening/surveillance mainly because of medico-legal considerations.
Selection of dispatching rules on multiple dispatching decision points in real-time scheduling of a semiconductor wafer fabrication system

Semiconductor wafer fabrication involves one of the most complex manufacturing processes ever used. To control such complex systems, it is a challenge to determine appropriate dispatching strategies under various system conditions. Dispatching strategies are classified into two categories: a vehicle-initiated dispatching policy and a machine-initiated dispatching policy. Both policies are important to improve the system performance, especially for the real time control of the system. However, there has been little research focusing on combining them under various situations for the semiconductor manufacturing system. In addition, it is shown that no single dispatching strategy consistently dominates others in all situations. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop a scheduler for selection of dispatching rules for dispatching decision variables in order to obtain the desired performance measures given by a user for each production interval. For the proposed methodology, simulation and competitive ...
Numerical Study of Some Nonlinear Dynamics of a Rotor Supported on a Three-Pad Tilting Pad Journal Bearing (TPJB)

The use of tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) has increased in the recent past due to their stabilizing effects on the rotor bearing system. However, in this paper two mechanisms capable of producing instabilities in terms of subharmonic and chaotic motions are suggested. The first one is that of a centrally loaded pad with rotor unbalance excitations. The second one represents a concentric rotor (or a vertical rotor) acted upon by centering sprigs and large unbalance excitations. Extensive numerical experimentation shows, for certain parameters, subharmonic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic motions. The pad state space trajectory, in many cases, resembles that of the two-well potential case as in Duffing’s oscillator. Time trajectories, Poincare maps, fast Fourier transform (FFT) plots, and the max Lyapunov exponent are utilized to examine the periodicity (order) of the nonsynchronous rotor orbits and pad trajectories. The TPJB problem belongs to a family of nonlinear rotor-dynamical phenomena that are potentially of a considerable value as diagnostic tools in assessing rotating machinery condition monitoring.
Neutralization of the chemokine CXCL10 enhances tissue sparing and angiogenesis following spinal cord injury

After spinal cord injury, there is a chemoattractant-mediated inflammatory response that is associated with secondary degeneration. The chemoattractant CXCL10 recruits CD4 Th1 cells via the CXCR3A receptor and inhibits growth and chemotaxis of endothelial cells via the CXCR3B receptor. To test the hypothesis that CXCL10 inhibits angiogenesis following spinal cord injury, we assayed the brainstems and spinal cords of spinal cord-injured mice treated with anti-CXCL10 antibodies for expression of angiogenesis-associated genes and quantified blood vessels within their spinal cords. Brainstem microarray analysis indicated eight angiogenesis-associated genes that had significantly higher expression levels in the treated mice than in the untreated mice. Ribonuclease protection assays of the spinal cords showed a significant increase in eight angiogenesis-associated genes in treated animals compared with untreated animals. Histological analysis of the spinal cords of treated and untreated mice showed a significant increase in the number of blood vessels in treated animals. We conclude that CXCL10 plays a critical role in vasculature remodeling following spinal cord injury and that angiogenesis is enhanced following anti-CXCL10 treatment of spinal cord injuries. Improved blood flow and oxygen supply to the injury site may contribute to the functional improvement associated with this treatment.
Analysis of persistent acoustoelectric currents

Abstract Propagating domains of acoustic flux, generated by pulses of high field in piezoelectric semiconductors, produce persistent acoustoelectric current after the applied voltage is shut off. The main features of the persistent current and flux, including the effects of circuit conditions and bias, are described in terms of a simple model.
AIMS: robustness through sensible introspection

As individuals and organizations increasingly rely on services provided by complex computing systems for their everyday tasks, system dependability becomes a main concern. The dependability of a system is commonly defined as the property of it such that reliance can justifiably be placed on the service it delivers [1] and includes, as special cases, attributes such as reliability, availability, safety, and security. In addition, dependable systems must also be robust when facing the "messiness" of the real world, delivering correct service across a wide range of operational conditions and failing gracefully outside that range [15, 16].
Flowering‐time plasticity facilitates niche shifts in adjacent populations

Summary • The potential for a habitat shift is enhanced when selection against immigrants is augmented by a temporal difference between them and inhabitants of core populations. Genetically mediated changes in flowering time often accompany niche shifts in plants. • The possibility that temporal change may arise from plastic responses to novel, stressful, environments rather than from genetic alteration has not been explored. This option is considered here, and it may be quite common. • The substantial literature on transplant and common garden experiments shows that invaders of novel habitats are likely to undergo a developmentally based phenological shift. A phenological change in the invading population leads to assortative mating within populations, which in turn facilitates the evolution of local adaptation by the invader. Environmental induction may be the sole contributor to temporal change, or this factor may act in concert with genetic change. • Flowering shifts based on developmental responses are immediate, not subject to remediation by gene flow and not affected by a paucity of genetic variation, negative genetic correlations or antagonistic pleiotropy, all of which might constrain phenological evolution.
Crystal Structure Analysis of Recombinant Human Uteroglobin and Molecular Modeling of Ligand Binding

Uteroglobin, a steroid-inducible, cytokine-like, secreted protein with immunomodulatory properties, has been reported to bind progesterone, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and retinol. Structural studies may delineate whether binding of ligands is a likely physiological function of human uteroglobin (hUG). We report a refined crystal structure of uncomplexed recombinant hUG (rhUG) at 2.5-A resolution and the results of our molecular modeling studies of ligand binding to the central hydrophobic cavity of rhUG. The crystal structure of rhUG is very similar to that of reported crystal structures of uteroglobins. Using molecular modeling techniques, the three ligands--PCB, progesterone, and retinol--were docked into the hydrophobic cavity of the dimer structure of rhUG. We undocked the progesterone ligand by pulling the ligand from the cavity into the solvent. From our modeling and undocking studies of progesterone, it is clear that these types of hydrophobic ligands could slip into the cavity between helix-3 and helix-3' of the dimer instead of between helix-1 and helix-4 of the monomer, as proposed earlier. Our results suggest that at least one of the physiological functions of UG is to bind to hydrophobic ligands, such as progesterone and retinol.
Novel fluorinated compounds for releasing material in nanoimprint lithography

In recent years, utilization and reduction of pattern size are following nanoimprint lithography (NIL) quickly. In nanoimprinting, since it is contact printing, a higher separation force might cause damages to the master and imprinting tool, degradation in pattern quality as well. There is a mold-release characteristic of a master and resin as one of the biggest subjects in utilization. Although Optool DSX TM (DAIKIN Ind. Ltd.) is an de facto standard as mold releasing reagent now, there is a problem in durability at UV-NIL. Then, we focused on the material which raises the mold-release characteristic of resist. The new fluorinated copolymers based on α-chloroacrylate and the low molecular weight perfluorocompounds, added to resist was developed. In this paper, we will report these synthesis method, specific properties such as static contact angle, releasing force and further fluorinated compounds were segregated resin surface.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS DURING THE MATURATION AND RIPENING OF RED TART CHERRIES

SUMMARY The anthocyanins of red tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L. var. Montmorency), at different maturity levels, were extracted with 1% methanolic HCI and the total anthocyanin content of each stage calculated with the aid of a molar-extinction coefficient at 530 mμ. The pigment solution for each stage of maturity was purified by adsorption on AG 50W × 4 cation-exchange resin, concentrated and separated by descending chromatography. The relative intensities of the 7 well-defined pigments were measured photodensitometrically. The individual pigment content was calculated from the total anthocyanin content and the ratio of individual anthocyanin for each stage of maturity. The stage of maturity of the red tart cherry is an important factor influencing the total and individual anthocyanin content in cherries. This work also helps to give a greater insight into the development of anthocyanins in the maturing red tart cherry.
Instability and bifurcation of a nonassociated extended mises model in the hardening regime

Abstract Instability of configuration and instability of path under quasistatic loading in the hardening regime are examined for a nonassociated elastic-plastic extended Mises model or similar model with a smooth potential surface. In plane strain, the configuration of such a model of a homogeneous body under homogeneous stress and strain becomes unstable almost immediately upon entering the plastic range, just as for the Mohr-Coulomb model studied previously. The unstable jump exhibited is in the form of a shear band with boundaries that rotate as the band undergoes an abrupt limited excursion. On the contrary, the homogeneous triaxial test stress state configuration is stable, not unstable as for Mohr-Coulomb. No shear band can form at fixed load; the requirement of zero out-of-plane strain rate is fully stabilizing. Also, as for the Mohr-Coulomb, no kinetically consistent axisymmetric pattern can be associated with any unstable “wedge path” in stress space. However, as the load in a triaxial test increases and the plastic hardening modulus decreases, an instability of path is found well within the hardening range. An unstable shear band can initiate and develop much before a classical shear band bifurcation.
Comprehensibility and Subject-Verb Relations in Complex Sentences.

This study investigates the influence of ( a ) the surface form of complex sentences and ( b ) the appropriateness of the nouns which are subjects of the various clauses in these sentences for their respective verbs upon the comprehensibility of sentences. Base sentences cast as right-branching sentences are much more comprehensible than the same sentences cast in a center-embedded form. Furthermore, an intermediate case is intermediate in comprehensibility, and both the center-embedded and intermediate forms are sensitive to added clauses, while the right-branching form is not. Appropriateness of subject-noun and verb is a poor predictor of comprehensibility. These and earlier results lead to the conclusion that grammatical structure and not semantic relations is the major determiner of comprehensibility.
Carbohydrate changes during metamorphosis of the blowfly Phormia regina

Abstract Glycogen, glucose, trehalose, maltose, and other oligosaccharides of glucose were quantitated on individual insects at 24-hour intervals during metamorphosis. Glycogen declined strikingly during the first 24 hours of metamorphosis and most of it is thought to be used as an energy source at this time. Trehalose increased dramatically just prior to eclosion and this is considered essential for flight in the adult. The decline in glycogen during the latter half of metamorphosis may provide substrates for chitin synthesis in the adult cuticle. About 63 per cent of the glycogen and 50 per cent of the total soluble carbohydrates were utilized during metamorphosis.
The Allegories of the Months in Classical Art

Strzygowski's book on the famous Calendar of Filocalus, or the “Chronograph of 354,” published in 1888,1 is still considered the solid and fundamental basis for any study of figured calendars of Antiquity. Peiresc and Aleander, with knowledge and intuition admirable for their time, had almost exactly determined the meaning and the date of the original manuscript from which was derived the ninth-century copy2 of the Calendar they had the good fortune to discover. Mommsen had proposed a relationship of the several manuscripts containing parts of the same Calendar; this was accepted by Strzygowski—and is denied today. The supposed achievement of the latter scholar was the understanding, through the study of all ancient monuments accessible to him, of the artistic phenomenon of illustrated calendars, the determination of their origin, and their evolution. How did he solve this problem?
Tests for gaussian repeated measures with missing data in small samples.

For small samples of Gaussian repeated measures with missing data, Barton and Cramer recommended using the EM algorithm for estimation and reducing the degrees of freedom for an analogue of Rao's F approximation to Wilks' test. Computer simulations led to the conclusion that the modified test was slightly conservative for total sample size of N=40. Here we consider additional methods and smaller sample sizes, Nin?12,24?. We describe analogues of the Pillai-Bartlett trace, Hotelling-Lawley trace and Geisser-Greenhouse corrected univariate tests which allow for missing data. Eleven sample size adjustments were examined which replace N by some function of the numbers of non-missing pairs of responses in computing error degrees of freedom. Overall, simulation results allowed concluding that an adjusted test can always control test size at or below the nominal rate, even with as few as 12 observations and up to 10 per cent missing data. The choice of method varies with the test statistic. Replacing N by the mean number of non-missing responses per variable works best for the Geisser-Greenhouse test. The Pillai-Bartlett test requires the stronger adjustment of replacing N by the harmonic mean number of non-missing pairs of responses. For Wilks' and Hotelling-Lawley, an even more aggressive adjustment based on the minimum number of non-missing pairs must be used.
Purkinje cell activity during motor learning.

Monkeys were trained to grasp a handle and move it in horizontal arc to a central position by flexing or extending the wrist. A torque motor applied forces to the handle that switched at random intervals to alternately load flexor and extensor muscles. At each load switch, the handle was displaced transiently from the central position, and then moved back by the monkeys and held there steadily again. Recordings were made from cerebellar Purkinje cells (P-cells) whose simple spike (SS) activity was related to the task. The magnitude of one of the oppositely directed loads was then altered and the monkeys took about 12–100 trials with the novel load before performing as regularly as previously. During this period with one known and one novel load, some P-cells underwent increases in complex spike (CS) frequency at specific times after the load switch. This increased CS frequency would last for a similar number of trials as that taken by the monkey to adapt to the novel load before decreasing to near its previous level. Associated with the increased CS frequency there were decreases in SS frequency that persisted after the CS frequency had decreased to near its previous level. These results are consistent with theoretical proposals that motor learning takes place in the cerebellum through changes in the strength of transmission of parallel fiber synapses on P-cells caused by the climbing fiber input. These results further suggest that climbing fiber firing causes a decrease in the strength of parallel fiber synapses.
Forecasting landscape-scale, cumulative effects of forest management on vegetation and wildlife habitat: a case study of issues, limitations, and opportunities

Forest landscape disturbance and succession models have become practical tools for large-scale, long-term analyses of the cumulative effects of forest management on real landscapes. They can provide essential information in a spatial context to address management and policy issues related to forest planning, wildlife habitat quality, timber harvesting, fire effects, and land use change. Widespread application of landscape disturbance and succession models is hampered by the difficulty of mapping the initial landscape layers needed for model implementation and by the complexity of calibrating forest landscape models for new geographic regions. Applications are complicated by issues of scale related to the size of the landscape of interest (bigger is better), the resolution at which the landscape is modeled and analyzed (finer is better), and the cost or complexity of applying a landscape model (cheaper and easier is better). These issues spill over to associated analyses that build on model outputs or become integrated as auxiliary model capabilities. Continued development and application of forest landscape disturbance and simulation models can be facilitated by (1) cooperative efforts to initialize more and larger landscapes for model applications, (2) partnerships of practitioners and scientists to address current management issues, (3) developing permanent mechanisms for user support, (4) adding new capabilities to models, either directly or as compatible auxiliary models, (5) increasing efforts to evaluate model performance and compare multiple models running on the same landscape, and (6) developing methods to choose among complex, multi-resource alternatives with outputs that vary over space and time.
Wavebreaking of longitudinal plasma oscillations

A general treatment for obtaining the maximum amplitude for nonlinear plasma oscillations is given. Both temperature and relativistic effects are included. The maximum or wavebreaking amplitude is derived for cold plasmas and nonrelativistic fluid velocities, cold plasmas and relativistic fluid velocities, warm plasmas and nonrelativistic fluid velocities and, warm plasmas and relativistic fluid velocities. The various derivations which appear in the literature are unified.
Study of spin relaxation by a charged particle beam in a polarized 3He gas target

Abstract A model has been constructed for depolarization of a sample of polarized 3He by a charged particle beam. The predictions of this model have been tested experimentally for 0.25 to 1.0 μA of 3 MeV protons incident on a 0.5 to 5.0 Torr room-temperature target of polarized 3He. Good agreement has been found between the model and experiment.
Group B Streptococcus During the Perinatal Period

The beta hemolytic streptococcus group B (GBS) emerged as a major pathologic threat to infants in the 1960s and continues to be the leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity in the 1990s. Current approaches to prevention are directed toward eliminating exposure to the pathogen through chemoprophylaxis or enhancing host resistance through immunoprophylaxis. Because research is advancing rapidly in this area, perinatal nurses should keep abreast of changes in prevention and treatment strategies to enhance patient education and improve care.
A REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE CALINE3 AND 4 MODELS

Abstract A description of the California Line Source Dispersion Model, CALINE, is given along with a brief history of its development. The model is based on the Gaussian plume methodology and is used to predict air pollutant concentrations near roadways. Predictions can be made for carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and suspended particulates. There are two versions of the CALINE model in current use. CALINE3, published in 1979, replaced the virtual point approximation contained in earlier versions of the model with an equivalent finite line source representation and added a multiple link option. CALINE4, published in 1984, incorporated flexible input/output options including an option for modeling air quality near intersections. It also includes dispersion algorithms to account for vehicle-induced thermal turbulence and wind direction variability. CALINE4 is verified using results from five separate field studies. Comparisons to CALINE3 indicate modest improvements in the accuracy of the newer version.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia

Epigenetic changes have been identified in recent years as important factors in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) regulate the acetylation of histones as well as other non-histone protein targets. Treatment with HDACIs results in chromatin remodeling that permits re-expression of silenced tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells, which, in turn, can potentially result in cellular differentiation, inhibition of proliferation and/or apoptosis. Several classes of HDACIs are currently under development for the treatment of patients with MDS and AML. Although modest clinical activity has been reported with the use of HDACIs as single-agent therapy, marked responses have been observed in selected subsets of patients. More importantly, HDACIs appear to be synergistic in vitro and improve response rates in vivo when combined with other agents, such as hypomethylating agents. Furthermore, HDACIs are also being investigated in combination with non-epigenetic therapies. This article synthesizes the most recent results reported with HDACIs in clinical trials conducted in patients with MDS and other myeloid malignancies.
Control of cellular proliferation in human diploid fibroblasts.

Confluent monolayers of human diploid fibroblasts can be stimulated to synthesize DNA and divide by a change of medium. In the lag period between the application of the stimulus and the onset of DNA synthesis, there occurs a series of biochemical events which include the very early activation of the cell genome. Gene activation requires protein synthesis but not previous RNA synthesis. Experiments suggest that gene activation is dependent upon specific acidic nuclear proteins, whose synthesis is regulated at the post-transcriptional level.
Laser fluorescence spectroscopy and lifetime of the 2B1 (K′ ⪢ 0) electronic state of NO2

Abstract Fluorescence of NO 2 excited by HeCd 442 nm laser radiation is found to exhibit a spectrum characteristic of perpendicular transitions from several levels belonging to 2 B 1 ( K ′ ⪢ 0) vibronic states. The lifetime of a level K ′ = 4, N ′ = 16 ± 1 is 36 μs, substantially greater than lifetimes given previously for K ′ = 0 levels of the 2 B 1 state. This result supports the mechanism of lifetime lengthening by the Renner interaction of the 2 B 1 and 2 A 1 components of the linear 2 Π u state.
Dependence of carrier mobility on nanocrystal size and ligand length in PbSe nanocrystal solids.

We measure the room-temperature electron and hole field-effect mobilities (μFE) of a series of alkanedithiol-treated PbSe nanocrystal (NC) films as a function of NC size and the length of the alkane chain. We find that carrier mobilities decrease exponentially with increasing ligand length according to the scaling parameter β = 1.08−1.10 A−1, as expected for hopping transport in granular conductors with alkane tunnel barriers. An electronic coupling energy as large as 8 meV is calculated from the mobility data. Mobilities increase by 1−2 orders of magnitude with increasing NC diameter (up to 0.07 and 0.03 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and holes, respectively); the electron mobility peaks at a NC size of ∼6 nm and then decreases for larger NCs, whereas the hole mobility shows a monotonic increase. The size-mobility trends seem to be driven primarily by the smaller number of hops required for transport through arrays of larger NCs but may also reflect a systematic decrease in the depth of trap states with decre...
Synergistic hypotensive effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and alpha-blockade with phentolamine. Evidence for vasoactive intestinal peptide alpha-adrenoceptor coupling in the cardiovascular system of newborn dogs.

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with potent circulatory effects in the adult animal and human. Little is known about its effects or mechanism of action in the immature animal. These series of experiments evaluated the effects and possible mechanism of action of VIP on the developing canine cardiovascular system. In all three series, measurements of mean heart rate and blood pressure were taken in the control state, after parasympathetic denervation with bilateral cervical vagotomies, and after autonomic blockade with propranolol (1 mg/kg) and phentolamine (0.5 mg i.v.). In series 1, we characterized the role of alpha-adrenergic receptors in early newborn puppies by investigating the hemodynamic effects of phentolamine alone in five early newborn puppies. In series 2, the hemodynamic effects of intravenous VIP infusion (0.2 microgram/kg/min) were recorded and compared in six early newborn puppies and in 10 late newborn puppies. In series 3, the hemodynamic effects of phentolamine in the presence of VIP receptor binding inhibitor were studied. In early newborn puppies, VIP had essentially no effect on heart rate or blood pressure until phentolamine was given; then, blood pressure decreased by 17% (p less than 0.005). In late newborn puppies, VIP resulted in an increase in heart rate in the control state but not after parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation. In early newborn puppies, phentolamine alone resulted in a 24% decrease (p less than 0.005) in blood pressure, compared with a 54% decrease (p less than 0.005) in early newborn puppies preexposed to VIP infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CMOS smart pixel for free-space optical communication

Fully integrated imaging receivers present a method of low power free-space optical communication with advantages over radio frequency and single element optical communication for a variety of network scenarios. This paper discusses the theoretical performance of such receivers and the design of a single 'smart pixel' for use in a 2.5 Mbps integrated CMOS imaging receiver. The receiver has a simulated input referred noise power of -51 dBm and a dynamic range greater than 30 dB when operating at 2.5 Mbps. Power consumption is less than 50 (mu) W and the pixel fits on a 150 micrometers pitch in a standard 0.35 micrometers digital CMOS process, readily allowing fabrication of inexpensive imaging arrays as large as 64 by 64 pixels. Th receiver presented covers all aspects of reception from optical detection through A/D conversion. An asynchronous digital serial receiver could decode the resulting data stream from this receiver. A low overhead architecture for communicating decoded data packets form any pixel in the imaging array to the edge of the chip is briefly described.
The surface of α-subunit loop 1 distant from the subunit interface is exposed in the hCG lutropin receptor complex

Abstract Interactions of the placental glycoprotein hormone human choriogonadotropin (hCG) with lutropin receptors (LHR) are required for maintenance of early pregnancy. Knowledge of how hCG interacts with LHR is useful for understanding the mechanism of receptor function, an issue of considerable debate. A large surface of hCG remains exposed after the hormone binds the LHR and can be readily detected with monoclonal antibodies. Here we show that the surface of hCG α-subunit loop 1 furthest from the β-subunit interface can also be recognized by a monoclonal antibody when hCG is bound to the LHR. This extends the area of hCG known to be exposed in the hormone receptor complex, an observation that further restricts models of hCG–LHR interaction.
On the possible variability of metallic-line and Mercury-Manganese stars

Dierential Stromgren uvby photometric ob- servations from the 0.75-m Four College Automated Photoelectric Telescope were obtained for three metallic- line and three Mercury-Manganese stars. None were found to be variable. These sharp-lined stars may not be the best tests for class variability as their polar axes are pointed to- wards the earth. Each presents essentially the same visible hemisphere as it rotates.
A Q-GERT network simulation model for a voice-data communication system

A generalizable Q-GERT network simulation model for a hypothetical voice-data communication system with infinite buffer system, two transmission channels, and random server interruptions is provided in this paper. Simulation results of various traffic intensities and interruption processes are provided to demonstrate the flexibility of this simulation model. Experiments have been conducted under following conditions: 1) Poisson arrivals, 2) constant data transmission rate, 3) geometric talkspurts, 4) two geometric silence gaps (short and long), and 5) three discrete probability distributions of having a short silence gap. The results have indicated a dramatic increase in buffer storage requirement when there are more frequent data arrivals and more short silence gaps.
Computer aided lytic bone metastasis detection using regular CT images

This paper presents a computer aided detection system to find lytic bone metastases in the spine. The CAD system is designed to run on routine chest and/or abdominal CT exams (5mm slice thickness) obtained during a patient's evaluation for other indications. The system can therefore serve as a background procedure to detect bone metastases. The spine is first automatically extracted based on adaptive thresholding, morphological operation, and region growing. The spinal cord is then traced from thoracic spine to lumbar spine using a dynamic graph search to set up a local spine coordinate system. A watershed algorithm is then applied to detect potential lytic bone lesions. A set of 26 quantitative features (density, shape and location) are computed for each detection. After a filter on the features, Support Vector Machines (SVM) are used as classifiers to determine if a detection is a true lesion. The SVM was trained using ground truth segmentation manually defined by experts.
Lipophilic Metal−Salicylideneimine−Crown Ether Hybrids — Ditopic Carriers in the Facilitated Transport of Amphiphilic Molecules Across Bulk Liquid Membranes

The crown ether-functionalized MnIII salicylaldimine complexes manganese(III) 4,5-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)benzo-18-crown-6-X [X = Cl−, I−, CH3COO−, (CH3)3CCOO−, B(Ph)4−] have recently been synthesized and studied as effective ditopic transport carriers of hydrophobic amino acids and neurotransmitters through CHCl3 bulk liquid membranes (BLMs). A detailed analysis of the BLM transport of tryptophan and serotonin with these complexes, along with various derivatives, shows the ditopic nature of the mechanism of transport and reveals the importance of the role of both the crown ether function and the metal center. Kinetic data on the BLM transport of tryptophan follow Michaelis−Menten behavior with Km = 25 mM and Vm = 6.75 × 10−3h−1. Variable temperature studies on the rate of transport of tryptophan (and serotonin) were conducted. From Arrhenius plots, the activation energies, Ea, and pre-exponential factors, A, were determined to be 20 ± 1 (17 ± 5) kJ mol−1 and 8200 (947) M−1h−1, respectively. From these parameters, values for the thermodynamic activation energies, ΔG‡, ΔH‡, and ΔS‡ were calculated to be 26 ± 4 (32 ± 1) kJ mol−1, 17 ± 1 (14 ± 5) kJ mol−1, and −30 ± 9 (−60 ± 14) J K−1 mol−1, respectively. Similar studies with serotonin are reported.
Composition and yields of secondary organic aerosol formed from OH radical-initiated reactions of linear alkenes in the presence of NOx: Modeling and measurements

Abstract The products and mechanism of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the OH radical-initiated reactions of linear alkenes in the presence of NO x were investigated in an environmental chamber. The SOA consisted primarily of products formed through reactions initiated by OH radical addition to the C C double bond, including β -hydroxynitrates and dihydroxynitrates, as well as cyclic hemiacetals, dihydrofurans, and dimers formed from particle-phase reactions of dihydroxycarbonyls. 1,4-Hydroxynitrates formed through reactions initiated by H-atom abstraction also appeared to contribute. Product yields and OH radical and alkoxy radical rate constants taken from the literature or calculated using structure–reactivity methods were used to develop a quantitative chemical mechanism for these reactions. SOA yields were then calculated using this mechanism with gas-particle partitioning theory and estimated product vapor pressures for comparison with measured values. Calculated and measured SOA yields agreed very well at high carbon numbers when semi-volatile products were primarily in the particle phase, but diverged with decreasing carbon number to a degree that depended on the model treatment of dihydroxycarbonyls, which appeared to undergo reversible reactions in the particle phase. The results indicate that the chemical mechanism developed here provides an accurate representation of the gas-phase chemistry, but the utility of the SOA model depends on the partitioning regime. The results also demonstrate some of the advantages of studying simple aerosol-forming reactions in which the majority of products can be identified and quantified, in this case leading to insights into both gas- and particle-phase chemistry.
Raeder's Paratrigeminal Syndrome: A Case Report

Raeder's paratrigeminal syndrome is an uncommon neurologic disorder characterized by oculosympathetic paralysis, including ptosis and miosis. In the ED, this syndrome can be easily confused with Horner's syndrome, although with Raeder's syndrome trigeninal nerve irritation and preservation of facial sweating are noted. This report reviews a case of a 62-year-old man who presented to the ED with signs and symptoms consistent with Raeder's syndrome. MRI with angiography revealed a carotid artery dissection, and the patient was admitted and anticoagulated. The syndrome has been associated with head trauma, hypertension, vasculitis, migraine headaches, parasellar mass lesions, and internal carotid artery dissections. Hence, treatment of the patient who has Raeder's syndrome is dependent on the specific underlying lesion.
Culture of porcine hepatocytes or bile duct epithelial cells by inductive serum-free media

A serum-free, feeder cell-dependent, selective culture system for the long-term culture of porcine hepatocytes or cholangiocytes was developed. Liver cells were isolated from 1-wk-old pigs or young adult pigs (25 and 63 kg live weight) and were placed in primary culture on feeder cell layers of mitotically blocked mouse fibroblasts. In serum-free medium containing 1% DMSO and 1 μM dexamethasone, confluent monolayers of hepatocytes formed and could be maintained for several wk. Light and electron microscopic analysis showed hepatocytes with in vivo-like morphology, and many hepatocytes were sandwiched between the feeder cells. When isolated liver cells were cultured in medium without dexamethasone but with 0.5% DMSO, monolayers of cholangioctyes formed that subsequently self-organized into networks of multicellular ductal structures, and whose cells had monocilia projecting into the lumen of the duct. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was expressed by the cholangiocytes at their apical membranes, i.e., at the inner surface of the ducts. Cellular GGT activity increased concomitantly with the development of ductal structures. Cytochrome P-450 was determined in microsomes following addition of metyrapone to the cultures. In vivo-like levels of P-450s were found in hepatocyte monolayers while levels of P-450 were markedly reduced in cholangiocyte monolayers. Serum protein secretion in conditioned media was analyzed by Western blot and indicated that albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin levels were maintained in hepatocytes while albumin and haptoglobin declined over time in cholangiocytes. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that serum protein mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the hepatocytes monolayers in comparison to the bile ductule-containing monolayers. Further, mRNAs specific to cholangiocyte differentiation and function were significantly elevated in bile ductule monolayers in comparison to hepatocyte monolayers. The results demonstrate an in vitro model for the study of either porcine hepatocytes or cholangiocytes with in vivo-like morphology and function.
A comparison of the temperature and density structure in high and low speed thermal proton flows

Steady-state altitude profiles of H(+) density, drift velocity, and temperature and O(+) density and temperature were deduced for a wide range of H(+) outflow velocities from subsonic to supersonic flow for plasma densities typical of both undisturbed and trough regions of the ionsophere. Allowance was made for the effects of inertia, parallel stress, and the velocity dependence of the H(+) collision frequencies. It was found that at supersonic outflow velocities there is a decrease in H(+) temperature with increasing outflow velocity. The H(+) temperatures are substantially increased above the O(+) temperatures when H(+) is flowing, with T(H+)/T(O+) reaching a maximum ratio of about 3:1.
Study of the scapular muscle latency and deactivation time in people with and without shoulder impingement

Changes in muscle activities are commonly associated with shoulder impingement and theoretically caused by changes in motor program strategies. The purpose of this study was to assess for differences in latencies and deactivation times of scapular muscles between subjects with and without shoulder impingement. Twenty-five healthy subjects and 24 subjects with impingement symptoms were recruited. Glenohumeral kinematic data and myoelectric activities using surface electrodes from upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA) and anterior fibers of deltoid were collected as subjects raised and lowered their arm in response to a visual cue. Data were collected during unloaded, loaded and after repetitive arm raising motion conditions. The variables were analyzed using 2 or 3 way mixed model ANOVAs. Subjects with impingement demonstrated significantly earlier contraction of UT while raising in the unloaded condition and an earlier deactivation of SA across all conditions during lowering of the arm. All subjects exhibited an earlier activation and delayed deactivation of LT and SA in conditions with a weight held in hand. The subjects with impingement showed some significant differences to indicate possible differences in motor control strategies. Rehabilitation measures should consider appropriate training measures to improve movement patterns and muscle control.