cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collective aspects of singlet fission in molecular crystals

We present a model to describe collective features of singlet fission in molecular crystals and analyze it using many-body theory. The model we develop allows excitonic states to delocalize over several chromophores which is consistent with the character of the excited states in many molecular crystals, such as the acenes, where singlet fission occurs. As singlet states become more delocalized and triplet states more localized, the rate of singlet fission increases. We also determine the conditions under which the two triplets resulting from fission are correlated. Using the Bethe Ansatz and an entanglement measure for indistinguishable bipartite systems, we calculate the triplet-triplet entanglement as a function of the biexciton interaction strength. The biexciton interaction can produce bound biexciton states and provides a source of entanglement between the two triplets even when the triplets are spatially well separated. Significant entanglement between the triplet pair occurs well below the threshold for bound pair formation. Our results paint a dynamical picture that helps to explain why fission has been observed to be more efficient in molecular crystals than in their covalent dimer analogues and have consequences for photovoltaic efficiency models that assume that the two triplets can be extracted independently.
The User Feedback on SentiWordNet.

With the release of SentiWordNet 3.0 the related Web interface has been restyled and improved in order to allow users to submit feedback on the SentiWordNet entries, in the form of the suggestion of alternative triplets of values for an entry. This paper reports on the release of the user feedback collected so far and on the plans for the future.
Time and Stress-Compressibility Interrelationship

For any natural soil a unique relationship exists between secondary compression index C sub a and compression index C sub c. It is postulated that the relation between time compressibility and effective stress compressibility holds true at any time effective stress, and void ratio during consolidation. The observed values of C sub a/C sub c for a variety of natural soils, including highly sensitive clays, organic silts, and peats, are in the range of 0.025 to 0.10. The shape of the settlement curve in the secondary range can be predicted from the shape of the void ratio-logarithm of effective stress curve and the relationship between C sub a and C sub c. The predicted results are completely consistent with laboratory observations and with the existing field case records. The magnitude of C sub a/C sub c can be used to predict the shape of the volume change-logarithm of time curve in the transition from primary to secondary. The procedure provides a quantitative explanation for the observed shapes of the settlement curve. /Author/
Where’s the CUSP? (Or CCD Photometry of Globular Cluster Cores)

UBVR CCD surface photometry for a sample of 11 globular clusters has been obtained at the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) #1 0.9 m telescope as part of a major study of globular cluster core structure. These data are being used to test for the presence of central cusps in the surface brightness profiles; which are expected to be present in clusters which have already undergone core collapse (Cohn and Hut 1984).
Ethnobotany and Construction of a Tongan Voyaging Canoe: The Kalia Mileniume

Construction of the world’s largest existing double hulled voyaging canoe, the 108 foot Tongan Kalia Mileniume, was completed in August 2000. The kalia was documented on three research trips. Tuione Pulotu, master chainsaw artist and canoe builder designed the canoe and proposed the project to the Tongan government as a celebration for the New Millennium. This ethnobotanical study documented canoe architecture and plant species used for the Kalia Mileniume, as well as for voyaging canoes of the past. Construction procedures were recorded through series photography, digital video, and interviews with the builders. Detailed measurements were taken of the final product. As near as one can judge authenticity of a reproduced cultural artifact, the Kalia Mileniume was a successful recreation.
Music and the Exotic from the Renaissance to Mozart

During the years 1500–1800, European performing arts reveled in a kaleidoscope of Otherness: Middle-Eastern harem women, fortune-telling Spanish 'Gypsies', Incan priests, Barbary pirates, moresca dancers, and more. In this prequel to his 2009 book Musical Exoticism, Ralph P. Locke explores how exotic locales and their inhabitants were characterized in musical genres ranging from instrumental pieces and popular songs to oratorios, ballets, and operas. Locke's study offers new insights into much-loved masterworks by composers such as Cavalli, Lully, Purcell, Rameau, Handel, Vivaldi, Gluck, and Mozart. In these works, evocations of ethnic and cultural Otherness often mingle attraction with envy or fear, and some pieces were understood at the time as commenting on conditions in Europe itself. Locke's accessible study, which includes numerous musical examples and rare illustrations, will be of interest to anyone who is intrigued by the relationship between music and cultural history, and by the challenges of cross-cultural (mis)understanding.
Restricted Diffusion Imaging In Active Seizure: A Case Report (P6.306)

INTRODUCTION: Diffusion-weighted imaging is extremely important in cases of stroke but can be useful in others such as epilepsy. CASE REPORT: A 74-year-old female presented with blue and red photopsias in her left visual field. After 2 weeks of continuous symptoms, she presented to her optometrist with a normal neuro-ophthalmologic exam except for a left homonymous hemianopia noted on Humphrey perimetry. This prompted a hospital admission, during which MRI brain with contrast showed restricted diffusion and FLAIR signal hyperintensity in the right occipital lobe with gadolinium enhancement. Lumbar puncture revealed white blood cell 1 /cu mm, red blood cell 800 / cu mm, protein 69 mg/dL, and glucose 141 mg/dL (serum glucose 236 mg/dL). EEG showed persistent epileptiform abnormalities in the right occipital region, correlating with the clinical and MRI findings. Levetiracetam was switched to valproate sodium and the epileptic activity dissipated within 4 days. Humphrey visual fields and MRI were normal several weeks later. DISCUSSION: While the patient’s visual field defect localized to the right occipital lobe where diffusion restriction was noted, the clinical history of photopsias suggested an alternative pathophysiology. It is not uncommon to see restricted diffusion in patients who are actively seizing or recently had a seizure. CONCLUSION: Although Diffusion weighted imaging is commonly associated with ischemia, several pathophysiologies such as epilepsy, CNS infections, demyelinating disease, malignancies, and others can present similarly. Disclosure: Dr. Subei has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eggenberger has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Genzyme Corporation, Novartis, Teva, Allergan, Serono, Berlex, Acorda, and PRIME. Dr. Eggenberger has received research support from Allergan, Inc., Biogen, Teva, Novartis, and Genzyme.
from outer space and across the street: matthew lipman’s double vision

This review of Matthew Lipman’s autobiography, A Life Teaching Thinking, is a reflection on the themes and patterns of his extraordinarily productive career. His book begins with memories of earliest childhood and his preoccupation with the possibility of being able to fly, moves through the years in which his family struggled with the effects of the Great Depression, through his service in the military during World War II, his discovery of the joy and beauty of philosophy, his academic rise at Columbia University, his Fullbright sojourn in Paris, and his early and later career. Lipman’s educational project led in four related directions: the practice of philosophy for children, which he invented, and which presents an epistemological challenge to a second field, philosophy of education, which is as startling as was Rousseau’s two hundred years before. Third, it led to a realm of theory called philosophy of childhood, upon which the practice of philosophy for children is a kind of action-meditation, prompting adults as it does to reflect on children’s differences from and similarities to adults at the same time, and in the same discursive space. Finally, his praxis also implicitly challenged those accounts of children’s philosophies, paradigmatically represented by Piaget’s work, which represent childhood epistemology as evidence for various genetic and epigenetic stage-based theories of cognitive development. The consequence for education of this confluence was a methodology—community of inquiry—that serves as a bridge between the two most influential philosophers of education of the 20th century—John Dewey and Paulo Freire. The educational praxis that emerged from his venture, for all its apparent simplicity, operationalizes a postcolonial standpoint epistemology vis a vis childhood and children, pulls the linchpin that holds in place the school as ideological state apparatus, and empowers the elementary classroom as a primary site for democratic theory and practice. Keywords: Matthew Lipman; philosophy for children; autobiography; philosophy of childhood; philosophy of education
Politically Charged Media Sites: The “Right,” the “Left,” and the Self in Research

Ideological assumptions about right-wing and left-wing regimes sometimes influence how scholars understand media industries in other countries as well as the research that analyzes these industries. In nations with right-wing dictatorships, the media are often understood as part of the totalitarian system, while the media in nations with left-leaning leaders are regularly depicted in romanticized terms. Even when left-wing regimes have incorporated dictatorial practices that impact media industries, scholars have tended to overlook these repressive tactics. Often, politically charged sites come with ideological baggage that skews scholarly conversations and limits the writing and reception of new research. Using my project of prerevolutionary Cuban television as a point of departure, I discuss the difficulties of writing about media industries located in nations strongly identified with the left. The piece also provides advice to young scholars on navigating these sites and preparing for the reception of their research.
FREE SURFACE WAVE INTERACTION WITH A HORIZONTAL CYLINDER

Abstract Classes of vortex formation from a horizontal cylinder adjacent to an undulating free-surface wave are characterized using high-image-density particle image velocimetry. Instantaneous representations of the velocity field, streamline topology and vorticity patterns yield insight into the origin of unsteady loading of the cylinder. For sufficiently deep submergence of the cylinder, the orbital nature of the wave motion results in multiple sites of vortex development, i.e., onset of vorticity concentrations, along the surface of the cylinder, followed by distinctive types of shedding from the cylinder. All of these concentrations of vorticity then exhibit orbital motion about the cylinder. Their contributions to the instantaneous values of the force coefficients are assessed by calculating moments of vorticity. It is shown that large contributions to the moments and their rate of change with time can occur for those vorticity concentrations having relatively small amplitude orbital trajectories. In a limiting case, collision with the surface of the cylinder can occur. Such vortex–cylinder interactions exhibit abrupt changes in the streamline topology during the wave cycle, including abrupt switching of the location of saddle points in the wave. The effect of nominal depth of submergence of the cylinder is characterized in terms of the time history of patterns of vorticity generated from the cylinder and the free surface. Generally speaking, generic types of vorticity concentrations are formed from the cylinder during the cycle of the wave motion for all values of submergence. The proximity of the free surface, however, can exert a remarkable influence on the initial formation, the eventual strength, and the subsequent motion of concentrations of vorticity. For sufficiently shallow submergence, large-scale vortex formation from the upper surface of the cylinder is inhibited and, in contrast, that from the lower surface of the cylinder is intensified. Moreover, decreasing the depth of submergence retards the orbital migration of previously shed concentrations of vorticity about the cylinder.
Age and dietary energy effect on broiler abdominal fat deposition.

Abstract Three trials were conducted to determine when abdominal fat is deposited in relation to age and dietary energy level for broilers. Results show that the amount of abdominal fat as a percentage of body weight increased as age (36 to 54 days) and dietary energy level (3100 to 3325 metabolizable energy kcal/kg) increased. During the 36 to 54-day period, the weight of the broilers increased 75% for males and 72% for females. During the 36 to 54-day period, abdominal fat expressed as a percentage of body weight increased 23% for males and 38% for females.
EFFECT OF LONGITUDINAL ELECTROSTATIC FIELD ON THE WHISTLER MODE PROPAGATION IN A WARM MAGNETO-IONIC MEDIUM.

Abstract The dispersion equation for a whistler mode propagation in a warm plasma, subjected to parallel static electric and magnetic fields, is derived by using a linearized coupled Vlasov-Maxwell equation. From the derived dispersion equation, the amplitude constant a and phase constant β of the whistler mode are expressed in terms of static electric field E 0 , static magnetic field B 0 , the electron number density N 0 , the electron temperature and the wave angular frequency ω. The effect of a weak static electric field on the propagation of a whistler mode is investigated in detail; the whistler mode may be amplified or attenuated according to whether E 0 and B 0 are in the same direction or in the opposite direction. The spatial rate of change of the wave amplitude and phase velocity of the whistler mode increase with ¦ E 0 ¦ in general. For a low-frequency wave propagation, a is directly proportional to E 0 , ω, and N 0 , and inversely proportional to B 0 3 . A whistler mode propagation in the magnetosphere is also considered. The results of study show that the effects of a static electric field on the propagation characteristic of a whistler mode are likely to be more important in the region of low geomagnetic latitude and high altitude rather than in the high latitude region.
Material Characterization of Woven Fabrics for Thermoforming of Composites

Proper material characterization of woven fabric reinforcement is important for accurate modeling of thermoforming. Thermoforming of commingled thermoplastic/glass fabric relies strictly on material deformation at temperatures above the matrix melting temperature. As the temperature increases, the viscosity decreases allowing for the resin to flow. The yarns are freer to rotate, reducing shear loads in the material. The resistance to deformation depends not only on the matrix viscosity, but also on the fabric architecture. The two types of materials used in this study are a plain weave and a 4-harness satin weave structure. An interesting characteristic of these woven materials is that they exhibit shear deformation with concomitant area changes, enabling them to take on shapes of double curvature. This makes them a great candidate for thermoforming of structural parts. To improve the viability of this manufacturing process, simulations and design tools are needed. A standardized test method must be devis...
Large group high-fidelity simulation enhances medical student learning

Background: Previous work shows feasibility for large group high-fidelity simulation with correlation to basic science in the preclinical curriculum.Aims: This project studies whether large group simulation leads to enhanced basic science learning.Methods: This was an educational performance study before and after high-fidelity simulation for first-year medical students. Basic neuroscience concepts were reinforced with simulation, and pretesting and posttesting were analysed along with summative exam results. The number correct was compared on a contingency table using the Mantel–Haenszel chi-squared test and same student correlation was accounted for with a 'Generalized Estimating Equations’ model.Results: The study included 112 students; three were excluded for missing data. Students showed statistically significant improvement on two of the four questions, and a nonsignificant improvement or equivalent performance on two questions. Students were significantly more likely to get all four responses corre...
Gauss's 2 F 1 (1) cannot be generalized to 2 F 1 ( x )

Abstract Using ideas of Jet Wimp and Richard McIntosh, it is proved that Gauss's explicit evaluation of 2 F 1 ( a , b ; c ; 1) cannot be generalized to 2 F 1 ( a , b ; c ; x ), for arbitrary a , b , c and x . A short proof of Wimp's theorem that asserts that 3 F 2 ( a , b , c ; d , e ; 1) cannot be expressed in closed form is also given.
The language of sustainability: From the basic writing classroom to professional discourse

Understanding and describing professional practice, especially in Engineering and the Sciences, has always been at the heart of research in Professional Communication. Several significant field research projects have showed us that content knowledge alone is not sufficient to claim disciplinary expertise; a rhetorical understanding of the discipline and its ways of thinking is essential in achieving full participation in the field. Most professionals would expect that such a sophisticated approach can only be learned through on-the-job training or opportunities to interact with practitioners within authentic disciplinary contexts. Although this can certainly be the case in many instances, we argue that a rhetorical understanding can be enacted even within a freshman writing classroom. The results of our content and rhetorical analyses of student work from the beginning and the end of a course on academic writing with the theme of sustainability show that students were able in one semester to write in discipline-appropriate ways and understand the rhetorical strategies necessary to become part of a disciplinary conversation. The implications of our findings can extend into the way we design courses in basic writing or professional communication and the ways we can use pre-assessment data to drive our course design decisions.
Los nuevos intereses de los EE. UU. en el hemisferio occidental

Desde que fue proclamada la Alianza para el Progreso, America Latina ha experimentado un dramatico cambio. Por lo general las naciones latinoamericanas y del Caribe son ahora mas prosperas (si bien en muchos paises la distribucion de su prosperidad no es mas equitativa) , mas poderosas, considerablemente mas comprometidas en lo internacional, mucho mas diferentes las unas de las otras y decididamente menos dependientes de los ее. uu. de lo que eran hace veinte anos.
THE DUAL OF THE TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM WITH ELASTIC DEMANDS

This article is concerned with the dual of the traffic assignment problem, and of the combined generation, distribution, and assignment problem. The duals, and duality relations, for the arc-chain and node-arc formulations of the problem are derived using only the Kuhn-Tucker conditions for convex programs. This has the advantage of being more familiar to most readers than the conjugate function presentation which has been used elsewhere.
Attenuation of adenylate cyclase-induced increases in renal sodium excretion by the dopamine D-2 receptor agonist SK&F 89124.

1. Although the existence of D-2 receptor binding sites in kidney has been identified, their functional significance in terms of influencing renal sodium excretion is not clear. In the present study we have examined the renal effects of a selective D-2 receptor agonist, SKF 10 micrograms kg-1 min-1). 3; Treatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, 1 mg kg-1 bolus i.v.) or forskolin (200 micrograms kg-1 bolus i.v.) produced increases in heart rate, urine output and urinary sodium excretion, but there was no change in mean blood pressure. The natriuretic and diuretic response, but not tachycardiac response to IBMX or forskolin, was attenuated by SK&F 89124 (0.3 micrograms kg-1 min-1). 4. These results suggest that the selective D-2 receptor agonist, SK&F 89124, produced a significant decrease in blood pressure and heart rate via prejunctional D-2 receptor-mediated inhibition of noradrenaline release from postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals. Although activation of renal tubular D-2 receptors had no significant effect on renal excretory function under basal conditions, it is likely that these receptors may exert an opposing effect on cAMP-mediated increases in renal sodium and water excretion.
Genetic and Molecular Analysis of hyperplastic discs, a Gene Whose Product Is Required for Regulation of Cell Proliferation in Drosophila melanogaster Imaginal Discs and Germ Cells

The hyperplastic discs (hyd) gene (formerly called l(3)c43) is located at 85E1-10 on the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. It was originally identified by a temperature-sensitive mutation that causes imaginal disc overgrowth in mutant larvae raised at a restrictive temperature. Twenty new alleles of hyperplastic discs have been recovered in gamma ray, ethyl methanesulfonate and hybrid dysgenesis screens, and the molecular lesions have been identified for several of the alleles. The null phenotype appears to be lethality at or before the second instar. Adults that can be obtained in crosses of temperature-sensitive alleles maintained at permissive temperatures are sterile with one exception and have defects in germ tissue morphology. The hyperplastic discs locus has been cloned by chromosome walking from the alpha-tubulin-2 gene and encodes a 9.5-kb messenger RNA, containing a 2897-amino-acid open reading frame. Sequence analysis of HYD reveals strong similarity to a portion of the C-terminus of poly(A) binding protein and to the RAT 100-kDa PROTEIN, whose function is unknown. Developmental Northern and Western analyses show coincident accumulation of the 9.5-kb transcript and the 280-kDa protein at all stages of development, with high levels at the embryonic and pupal stages. The 280-kDa HYD protein accumulates at decreased levels in mutant alleles and at restrictive temperatures in ts alleles. Examination of relative levels of HYD protein in mutant animals support the idea that less severe mutations are those that result in disc overgrowth, while more severe mutations result in variable disc growth phenotypes.
Comparison of short-latency trigeminal evoked potentials elicited by painful dental and gingival stimulation.

Abstract Painful stimulation of tooth pulp and of the maxillary gingiva was undertaken in 16 volunteers. Short-latency evoked potentials (15–20 msec) were recorded over 800 trials in each case at F3-P3 of F4-P4, and the resultant averaged wave forms were compared. The gingival wave was distinct in all subjects and could be averaged across subjects while the dental waves were either noise or very inconsistent over subjects. Averaging of the dental wave forms across subjects yielded an uninterpretable result. It was clear that dental evoked potentials could not be recorded at these sites. These findings could be explained by either or both of two hypotheses: (1) dental afferents are predominantly small fiber, nociceptive end organs that conduct more slowly than soft tissue afferents whereas gingival stimulation activates both large and small fiber populations; and (2) dental representation in somatosensory cortex is different and phylogenetically more primitive than that of neighboring soft tissue. Therefore, the location of the generator sites in cortex and the orientation of the dipole may be different for dental than for gingival wave forms.
[11C]flumazenil PET in patients with epilepsy with dual pathology

Summary: Purpose: Coexistence of hippocampal sclerosis and a potentially epileptogenic cortical lesion is referred to as dual pathology and can be responsible for poor surgical outcome in patients with medically intractable partial epilepsy. [11C]Flumazenil (FMZ) positron emission tomography (PET) is a sensitive method for visualizing epileptogenic foci. In this study of 12 patients with dual pathology, we addressed the sensitivity of FMZ PET to detect hippocampal abnormalities and compared magnetic resonance imaging (MR1) with visual as well as quantitative FMZ PET findings. Methods: All patients underwent volumetric MRI, prolonged video-EEG monitoring, and glucose metabolism PET before the FMZ PET. MRI-coregistered partial volume-corrected PET images were used to measure FMZ-binding asymmetries by using asymmetry indices (AIs) in the whole hippocampus and in three (anterior, middle, and posterior) hippocampal subre-gions. Cortical sites of decreased FMZ binding also were evaluated by using AIs for regions with MRI-verified cortical lesions as well as for non-lesional areas with visually detected asymmetry. Results: Abnormally decreased FMZ binding could be detected by quantitative analysis in the atrophic hippocampus of all 12 patients, including three patients with discordant or in- conclusive EEG findings. Decreased FMZ binding was restricted to only one subregion of the hippocampus in three patients. Areas of decreased cortical FMZ binding were obvious visually in all patients. Decreased FMZ binding was detected visually in nonlesional cortical areas in four patients. The AIs for these nonlesional regions with visual asymmetry were significantly lower than those for regions showing MRI lesions (paired t test, p = 0.0075). Conclusions: Visual as well as quantitative analyses of FMZ-binding asymmetry are sensitive methods to detect decreased benzodiazepine-receptor binding in the hippocampus and neocortex of patients with dual pathology. MRI-defined hippocampal atrophy is always associated with decreased FMZ binding, although the latter may be localized to only one sub-region within the hippocampus. FMZ PET abnormalities can occur in areas with normal appearance on MRI, but FMZ-binding asymmetry of these regions is lower when compared with that of lesional areas. FMZ PET can be especially helpful when MRI and EEG findings of patients with intractable epilepsy are discordant.
Management of stroke during carotid angioplasty and stenting

Intracranial embolization and resultant ischemic stroke are the primary risks of carotid angioplasty and stenting. Emboli are generated in all cases of angioplasty and stenting; most of these are of little or no clinical significance. There are several other technique-related sources of emboli, most of which are preventable. There are several angiographic and clinical signs of intracranial embolus. Astub of vessel or filling defect is not reliably seen. It is important to assess the extent of these collaterals and the status of the lenticulostriate arteries arising from the proximal middle cerebral artery; they determine the time available for rescue. The first clinical indication of a problem is often a change in the patient's mental status. Focal neurological deficits will not be recognized unless serial neurological examinations are performed. Once it has been determined that an event has occurred, general supportive and monitoring measures should be undertaken. It is important to exclude recent silent infarct, as fibrinolysis is contraindicated in that setting. After this has been excluded, systemic heparinization and definitive therapy (local intracranial intra-arterial thrombolysis and/or mechanical disruption or thrombus) can be undertaken.
Quadratic Finite Element Approximations of the Monge-Ampère Equation

We prove several new results of the C 0 finite element method introduced in (S.C. Brenner et al., Math. Comput. 80:1979---1995, 2011) for the fully nonlinear Monge-Ampere equation. These include the convergence of quadratic finite element approximations, W 2,p quasi-optimal error estimates, localized pointwise error estimates, and convergence of Newton's method with explicit dependence on the discretization parameter. Numerical experiments are presented which back up the theoretical results.
Film Noir's “Femme Fatales” Hard-Boiled Women: Moving Beyond Gender Fantasies

In her essay “Professions for Women,” Virginia Woolf says “It is far harder to kill a phantom than a reality” (1346). Nowhere is this insight truer than in the culture's preoccupation with the femm...
Linkage of Plasma Aβ42 to a Quantitative Locus on Chromosome 10 in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Pedigrees

Plasma Aβ42 (amyloid β42 peptide) is invariably elevated in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it is also increased in the first-degree relatives of patients with typical late-onset AD (LOAD). To detect LOAD loci that increase Aβ42, we used plasma Aβ42 as a surrogate trait and performed linkage analysis on extended AD pedigrees identified through a LOAD patient with extremely high plasma Aβ. Here, we report linkage to chromosome 10 with a maximal lod score of 3.93 at 81 centimorgans close to D10S1225. Remarkably, linkage to the same region was obtained independently in a genome-wide screen of LOAD sibling pairs. These results provide strong evidence for a novel LOAD locus on chromosome 10 that acts to increase Aβ.
Neuropilin-2 Is a Receptor for Semaphorin IV Insight into the Structural Basis of Receptor Function and Specificity

Neuropilins bind secreted members of the semaphorin family of proteins. Neuropilin-1 is a receptor for Sema III. Here, we show that neuropilin-2 is a receptor for the secreted semaphorin Sema IV and acts selectively to mediate repulsive guidance events in discrete populations of neurons. neuropilin-2 and semaIV are expressed in strikingly complementary patterns during neurodevelopment. The extracellular complement-binding (CUB) and coagulation factor domains of neuropilin-2 confer specificity to the Sema IV repulsive response, and these domains of neuropilin-1 are necessary and sufficient for binding of the Sema III semaphorin (sema) domain. The coagulation factor domains alone are necessary and sufficient for binding of the Sema III immunoglobulin- (Ig-) basic domain and the unrelated ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Lastly, neuropilin-1 can homomultimerize and form heteromultimers with neuropilin-2. These results provide insight into how interactions between neuropilins and secreted semaphorins function to coordinate repulsive axon guidance during neurodevelopment.
Age-related changes in jejunal glucose absorption in mice

Abstract Jejunal glucose absorption was determined in male mice aged 1, 2, 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Active and passive glucose transport was measured in vitro by estimating the uptake of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose by 1 mm jejunal rings in the presence and absence of phlorizin over a 5 min period. Passive glucose transport was found to be constant with increasing age. Active transport peaked at 2 months of age and the steadily declined. The reduction in active glucose transport rate between 2 and 18 months of age was approximately 50%. No corresponding changes were noted for jejunal villus or crypt dimensions, thickness of the jejunal musculature, or mucosal water and protein content. The age-related decrease in absorption is initiated before attainment of mature body weight. These results demonstrate that age specifically modifies active transport function in mouse jejunal mucosa without concomitant alterations in the structure of the jejunal wall.
Zoysiagrass Genotype Responses to Sphenophorus venatus vestitus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

ABSTRACT The hunting billbug, Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden, is a pest that damages stems, rhizomes, and roots of zoysiagrass through a combination of adult and larval feeding. Management of this pest is difficult because it has multiple, overlapping generations in the southern United States, and symptoms of infestations are often misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated as drought stress or disease. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse where 18 zoysiagrass cultivars were potted and infested with S. v. vestitus adults to examine the response of zoysiagrass genotypes to S. v. vestitus feeding damage. Results showed that zoysiagrass species and cultivars differed in susceptibility to S. v. vestitus, indicating that variable tolerance may exist in these turfgrasses for improvement through breeding. In general, Zoysia japonica Steudel was more susceptible to S. v. vestitus feeding damage and supported more S. v. vestitus than Zoysia matrella (L.) Merrill. Among the Z. japonica cultivars, ‘Bel...
Treatments of Depression and the Functional Capacity to Work: Corrections

To the Editor.— In our article published in the October 1992 issue of theARCHIVES, 1 the bibliographic citation provided in Table 2 1(p764) for the Glick Inpatient Family Intervention project should be supplemented by reference to another study by Spencer et al. 2 We are happy to have the opportunity to acknowledge these authors' contribution to our project. We also wish to correct a typographical error in the definition given for Cohen's index h. 1(p764) The correct formula uses the square root of p rather than p, and should have read as follows: hΦ1 - Φ2, where Φ=2 arcsin (p1/2).
Enhancement of C-Type Inactivation by External Ca2+ and La3+

The ShB ΔN mutant T449A undergoes C-type inactivation after depolarization within ∼100 ms in external solutions containing 2-4 mM Ca2+ and 0 K+. Raising external Ca2+ to 40 mM, reduces peak IK for a single pulse to ∼ 20%, and virtually eliminates IK with steady pulsing at 0.1 Hz. The effect of Ca2+is reversible. Raising external K+ to 5-20 mM (in 40 mM Ca2+) largely restores IK. How is Ca2+ suppression and K+ restoration of IK explained? Ca2+ blocks inward IK through an open channel strongly at negative voltages. We propose that Ca2+ competes with K+ at Site0 (just outside the selectivity filter) where K+ is strongly favored, but Ca2+ occupancy is enhanced at negative voltages. Ca2+ occupancy of Site0 strongly reduces K+ access to and occupancy of Site1 (outermost site of the filter), allowing repulsion among the carbonyls of Site1 to dilate this site, causing C-type inactivation. La3+ has almost the same crystal radius as Ca2+, and is much more potent in suppressing IK: with 10 μM La3+ externally, IK of T449A is largely eliminated (reversibly). We postulate that trivalent La3+ has high affinity for Site0. Neither Ca2+ nor La3+ has strong effects on T449V, which does not exhibit C-type inactivation.
Soil organic carbon in relation to cultivation and topsoil removal on sloping lands of Kolombangara, Solomon Islands

Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration was evaluated under three land use practices on sloping land of Kolombangara in Solomon Islands (5–12°S, 155–170°W). Three soil management treatments were: (1) natural forest, (2) traditional farming practice, and (3) topsoil removal. The SOC concentration was high in the surface layer of soil under natural forest and decreased sharply with depth. The SOC concentration of the 0–15 cm depth was significantly greater under natural forest (67 g kg −1 ) compared to the traditional farming (24 g kg −1 ) and topsoil removal (7 g kg −1 ) treatments. The depletion of SOC concentration in traditional farming and topsoil removal treatments decreased the mean weight diameter (MWD) of water stable aggregates. In this strongly structured soil, the traditional farming treatment had no detrimental effect on water stable macroaggregates (WSA) for either of the two depths. WSAs in natural forest had significantly higher SOC concentration compared to the microaggregates. There was no difference in SOC concentration among different aggregate size fractions in the topsoil removal treatment. The traditional farming treatment based on slash-and-burn agriculture depleted the SOC pool in the top 30 cm layer by 52.2 Mg C ha −1 compared with natural forest. The loss of SOC pool in the topsoil removal treatment was 94.8 Mg C ha −1 compared with natural forest. Severe erosion, leading to a complete loss of topsoil as in the case of the topsoil removal treatment, has drastic adverse impacts on productivity and quality of the exposed sub-soil. Thus, there is a strong need to identify viable alternatives to slash-and-burn agriculture now widely practiced in the Solomon Islands. In this regard, a judicious use of chemical fertilizers and biosolids may be crucial to achieving sustainable production.
Enzymatic adenylation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate is enhanced by a protein-protein interaction between Escherichia coli 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase (EntA) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-AMP ligase (EntE).

The Escherichia coli siderophore enterobactin is synthesized in response to iron starvation. 2,3-Dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase (EntA) produces 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB), a biosynthe...
Appropriate acid suppression in the treatment of acid-related conditions

Gastric acid is involved in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Although levels of acid secretion may not be abnormally high in patients with these conditions, pharmacological suppression of acid secretion is associated with healing of mucosal defects and maintenance of healing in the long term. In the case of duodenal ulcer, this was demonstrated before the understanding of the importance of Helicobacter pylori infection. There is a considerable body of published work examining the pharmacological effectiveness of antisecretory drugs in suppressing gastric acid secretion, as well as their therapeutic efficacy in terms of healing ulcers or oesophageal erosions. These two parameters have been significantly correlated in each of the three conditions listed above. The purpose of this article is to review the mathematical relationships established between suppression of gastric acid secretion and healing rates of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Silica-coated gold nanostars for combined surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection and singlet-oxygen generation: a potential nanoplatform for theranostics.

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) label-tagged gold nanostars, coated with a silica shell containing methylene blue photosensitizing drug for singlet-oxygen generation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nanocomposites possessing a combined capability for SERS detection and singlet-oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy. The gold nanostars were tuned for maximal absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region and tagged with a NIR dye for surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS). Silica coating was used to encapsulate the photosensitizer methylene blue in a shell around the nanoparticles. Upon 785 nm excitation, SERS from the Raman dye is observed, while excitation at 633 nm shows fluorescence from methylene blue. Methylene-blue-encapsulated nanoparticles show a significant increase in singlet-oxygen generation as compared to nanoparticles synthesized without methylene blue. This increased singlet-oxygen genera...
On Electronic Structure Engineering and Thermoelectric Performance

In this paper, we address the question of how to engineer the electronic structure to enhance the performance of a thermoelectric material. We examine several different materials and show that all of them, even those for which giant Seebeck coefficients have been predicted, display a value that is expected from conventional thermoelectric theory. For molecular thermoelectrics, we show that the detailed lineshape plays an important role. Finally, using III–V alloy semiconductors as a model system, we explore the role of electronic structure in the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and power factor. In the process, some general guidelines for engineering the electronic component of thermoelectric performance are identified.
Safety Models for Rural Freeway Work Zones

Construction and maintenance work zones have traditionally been hazardous locations within the highway environment. Studies show that the accident rates during road construction are generally higher than during periods of regular traffic operations. The increase in the number of crashes may be attributed to (a) general disruption to the flowing traffic due to sudden discontinuities caused by closed lanes, (b) improper lane merging maneuvers, (c) the presence of heavy construction equipment within the work area, (d) inappropriate use of traffic control devices, and (e) poor traffic management. Research was conducted to develop regression models predicting the expected number of crashes at work zones on rural, two-lane freeway segments. Crashes on approaches to work zones and those inside the work zones were analyzed separately. For developing these models, an extensive database was obtained, including freeway data, crash data, and work zone characteristics. Negative binomial models were developed with aver...
Ultrastructural features of retinal capillary basement membrane thickening in diabetic swine.

Purpose: To assess retinal capillary basement membrane thickening (BMT) in a swine model of type 1 diabetes. Materials and methods: Yorkshire pigs were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and dyslipidemic with a high fat and cholesterol diet. At 18, 26, and 32 weeks of diabetes, the retina sections within 3 disc diameters from the optic disc were examined under transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the ultrastructural features of the capillary BM. Digital morphometric analysis was performed to measure BMT. Results: Diabetic swine had significantly thicker retinal capillary BMs compared to controls. Pigs that sustained diabetes for longer periods or experienced severe diabetes tended to have more BMT. Those pigs that did not sustain glucose levels above 200 mg/dL did not demonstrate thicker retinal capillary BMs. Characteristic ultrastructural features of diabetic vasculopathy observed included rarefaction as an early stage of Swiss cheese cavitation, lamellation with multiplication of electron de...
Critical Thinking: Why Is It So Hard to Teach?

(2008). Critical Thinking: Why Is It So Hard to Teach? Arts Education Policy Review: Vol. 109, No. 4, pp. 21-32.
Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 pathway by HER2 receptor

Emerging lines of evidence suggest that in addition to growth factors, the process of colorectal tumorigenesis may also be driven by the upregulation of the inducible form of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGEs. The present study was undertaken to investigate the expression and activation of the HER family members, and to explore the regulation of COX-2 expression by the HER2 pathway in human colorectal cancer cells. Here, we report that human colorectal cancer cell lines express abundant levels of HER2 and HER3 receptors, and are growth-stimulated by recombinant neu-differentiation factor-beta 1 (NDF). NDF-treatment of colorectal cancer cells was accompanied by increased tyrosine phosphorylation and heterodimerization of HER3 with HER2. In addition, we demonstrated that HER2 and HER3 receptors in colorectal cancer cells are constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine residues and form heterodimeric complexes in the absence of exogenous NDF. Inhibition of HER2/HER3 signaling by an anti-HER3 mAb against the ligand binding site resulted in a decrease in the levels of constitutively activated HER2/HER3 heterodimers, and the unexpected reduction of COX-2 expression. Activation of the HER2/HER3 pathway by NDF induced the activation of COX-2 promoter, expression of COX-2 mRNA, COX-2 protein and accumulation of prostaglandin E2 in the culture medium. Finally, we demonstrated that NDF promotes the ability of colorectal cancer cells to survive in an extracellular matrix milieu, such as Matrigel, and also to invade through a 8 μm porous membrane. These biological activities of NDF and its stimulation of cell proliferation are blocked by a specific inhibitor of COX-2. Taken together, our findings provide the first biochemical evidence of a possible role of the COX-2 pathway in the mitogenic action of NDF in colorectal cancer cells where it may be constitutively upregulated due to the autocrine/paracrine activation of HER2/HER3 heterodimers.
Fine-grained parallel implementations for SWAMP+ Smith-Waterman alignment

More sensitive than heuristic methods for searching biological databases, the Smith-Waterman algorithm is widely used but has the drawback of a high quadratic running time. The faster approach extends Smith-Waterman using Associative Massive Parallelism (SWAMP+) for three different parallel architectures: ASsociative Computing (ASC), the ClearSpeed coprocessor, and the Convey Computer FPGA coprocessor. We show that parallel versions of Smith-Waterman can be successfully modified to produce multiple BLAST-like sub-alignments while maintaining the original precision. SWAMP+ combines parallelism and the novel extension producing multiple sub-alignments for pairwise comparisons. Two parallel SWAMP+ implementations for the ASC model and the ClearSpeed CSX-620 use a wavefront approach. Both perform a full traceback in parallel memory, returning multiple sub-alignments. Results show a linear speedup for the 96 processing elements (PEs) on a single ClearSpeed chip. The third SWAMP+ adaptation uses the non-associative Convey Computer FPGA coprocessor. The hybrid system has a Smith-Waterman algorithm suite designed to produce high-speed, high-throughput alignments, optimized for large databases. The Convey Computer Smith-Waterman algorithm suite was extended to produce the additional SWAMP+ sub-alignments efficiently. The parallel sequence alignment algorithms were designed for three different computer systems, all of which contain extensions to produce multiple, additional sub-alignments. This work creates a speedup while providing a deeper exploration of the matched query sequences previously unavailable.
Display-Selection Techniques for Text Manipulation

Tests and analysis to determine the best display- selection techniques for a computer-aided text-manipulation system reveal that the choice does not hinge on the inherent differences in target-selection speed and accuracy between the different selection devices. Of more importance are such factors as the mix of other operations required of the select-operation hand, the ease of getting the hand to and gaining control of a given selection device, or the fatique effects of its associated operating posture.
A new synthesis of nitro compounds using dimethyldioxirane

Abstract Dimethyldioxirane oxidizes primary amines to nitro compounds in a facile, mild, high yield process.
A Metal−Organic Framework with Entatic Metal Centers Exhibiting High Gas Adsorption Affinity

A metal-organic framework, PCN-9, containing entatic metal centers, has been synthesized and crystallographically characterized. The H2 and CH4 adsorption enthalpies of PCN-9 are among the highest reported thus far.
Interdisciplinary Training: Hospital Dental General Practice/Emergency Medicine

The interaction between the residency training program in hospital dental general practice and emergency medicine at The Medical College of Pennsylvania is discussed. The contribution by the emergency medicine resident to the training of the dental resident and the role of the dental resident in the education of the emergency medicine resident are described in detail. Methods for enhancing this unique relationship between two departments are presented.