cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A rapid assay for fusion of embryonic chick myoblasts.

Abstract A rapid and sensitive assay for measuring myoblast fusion in suspension cultures of embryonic chick pectoral myoblasts is described. Fusion-competent cells are generated by growth in suspension using a low calcium medium. Fusion-promoting levels of calcium are added, and the suspensions incubated for 1–6 h. The cells are then trypsinized to disperse cellular aggregates and sized in a Coulter particle counter. This assay minimizes many of the artifacts inherent in measurements of fusion in monolayer cultures, and is designed for the rapid screening of agents for their effects on fusion.
The Role of Diet in Migraine

SYNOPSIS Twenty-four migraineurs were placed on three diets: A, B, and C for 18 weeks. Diet A foods contained tyramine, exclusive of tyramine-free foodstuff. Diet B patients consumed tyramine-freefoods and excluded those containing tyramine. The Diet C group ate and drank ad-lib. The results showed no significant difference in the severity of migraine in any diet; however, some headaches were time-locked to the ingestion of alcohol, chocolate and fasting. These dietary factors probably do not increase the frequency of headaches but may precipitate them earlier. In general, diet appears to be relatively unimportant in migraine.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reaction Chemistry of (Pentadienyl)molybdenum Carbonyl Complexes

The reaction of Mo(diglyme)(CO)3 with K(2,4-C7H11) leads to an exchange of the two organic ligands, yielding K(diglyme)+Mo(2,4-C7H11)(CO)3-. This has been found to be a convenient precursor to other (pentadienyl)molybdenum carbonyl complexes. Thus, reactions with Hg(CN)2, AgI, and I2 lead respectively to Hg[Mo(2,4-C7H11)(CO)3]2, [Mo(2,4-C7H11)(CO)3]2, and Mo(2,4-C7H11)I(CO)3. On the other hand, reactions with CH3I or C2H5I lead to a coupling reaction in which an acyl fragment, generated from a carbonyl ligand and either the CH3 or C2H5 group, has coupled to both ends of the 2,4-C7H11 ligand, leading to a formal trialkylation of the carbonyl group and formation of an alkoxide complex, which thereafter dimerizes. Additionally, reaction of Mo(2,4-C7H11)(CO)3- with IC2H4I leads to a dimetallic species in which one 2,4-C7H11 ligand has lost two hydrogen atoms, yielding a Mo2(2,4-C7H11)(2,4-C7H9)(CO)5 complex. In this compound, a Mo(2,4-C7H9) unit may be formulated as a molybdenabenzene fragment, which is coord...
Pressure effects on micellar size

Abstract The micellar radius of four cationic surfactant solutions, at high electrolyte concentration, has been determined as a function of increasing pressure and at several temperatures by quasi-elastic light-scattering techniques. The effective size of micelles may increase, decrease, or remain constant until the solubility limit is exceeded and phase separation occurs at high pressures. If the hydrodynamic radius is modified by pressure, the micelles will shrink at the lower temperatures, grow at the higher temperatures and shrink, then grow at intermediate temperatures. The pressure effect is most pronounced for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and becomes progressively weaker as the alkyl chain is shortened from n = 16 to n = 14 and n = 12, as the electrolyte concentration is reduced and as the Br− counterion is replaced with Cl−.
Liquid crystal elastomer for artificial muscle applications

Novel liquid crystalline elastomers with properties that mimic the action of a muscle have been developed. Uniaxial contraction of free standing film of the material can be achieved by heating the film through the nematic to isotropic phase transition. Thermoelastic response shows strain changes through the nematic-isotropic phase transition of about 30-35%. Retractive force of nearly 450 kPa was measured in the isotropic phase. Static workloop studies show that the visco-elastic losses in these materials to be very small.
Cyclic AMP in myocytes isolated from hypertrophied rat hearts.

Abstract Impaired inotropic responsiveness to isoproterenol stimulation has been reported in the hypertrophied hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats and renal hypertensive rats. This study was carried out in order to investigate the possiblity that a defect in cyclic AMP production by cardiac myocytes is responsible for the impaired inotropic responsiveness of these hearts. Basal and isoproterenol stimulated cyclic AMP levels were measured in ventricular myocytes isolated from hypertrophied rat hearts. Cyclic AMP accumulation was also measured in the presence of isobutyl-methylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and the results were compared to the appropriate controls. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat, no changes were detected in the basal or isoproterenol stimulated cyclic AMP formation. This suggests that the biochemical alterations leading to a diminished inotropic response in this model of cardiac hypertrophy involve abnormalities in mechanisms other than cyclic AMP production. In the renal hypertensive rat, basal and isoproterenol stimulated cyclic AMP levels were significantly depressed as compared to controls. This suggests that abnormalities in the signal transduction mechanism and formation of cyclic AMP are, at least in part, responsible for the impaired inotropic responsiveness seen in this model. These results confirm that cardiac hypertrophy is a heterogeneous process. Reduced inotropic responsiveness to isoproterenol stimulation in the hypertrophied hearts of the SHR and the RHR, both models of pressure overload hypertrophy, involve different biochemical alterations. Results of this study suggest that the physiologic response of cardiac hypertrophy may not be as important as the underlying cause of hypertrophic stimuli in determining the pathophysiological consequences.
Analysis of Crohn's disease lesions in capsule endoscopy images

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is aimed at diagnosing disease in areas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract beyond the reach of conventional endoscopy. Recent work has addressed various methods for reducing the complexity of CE diagnosis and the time needed for analyzing the data. This includes detection of lumen and its contractions, fluids such as blood and intestinal juices, as well as extraneous matter such as food and bubbles. This paper outlines our ongoing work to segment lesions (in particular Crohn's disease) and other abnormalities in CE images. In particular, here we describe the data collection and clinical analysis for our project and preliminary results for segmenting abnormal and extraneous images from a set of 10 CE studies.
Emergent adaptive noise reduction from communal cooperation of sensor grid

In the last decade, the realization of small, inexpensive, and powerful devices with sensors, computers, and wireless communication has promised the development of massive sized sensor networks with dense deployments over large areas capable of high fidelity situational assessments. However, most management models have been based on centralized control and research has concentrated on methods for passing data from sensor devices to the central controller. Most implementations have been small but, as it is not scalable, this methodology is insufficient for massive deployments. Here, a specific application of a large sensor network for adaptive noise reduction demonstrates a new paradigm where communities of sensor/computer devices assess local conditions and make local decisions from which emerges a global behaviour. This approach obviates many of the problems of centralized control as it is not prone to single point of failure and is more scalable, efficient, robust, and fault tolerant.
Work in progress - evaluating the decision making process that individuals and teams of engineering students employ when solving ethical dilemmas

Little empirical research has been focused on team based ethical decision making specific to engineering. With ABET's criterion 3-f, engineering educators must now have a sound understanding of students' knowledge about and approaches to solving ethical dilemmas. The research objectives of this funded research are: to investigate how groups of engineering students differ than individual engineering students when resolving problems involving ethical issues, to evaluate and describe approaches to solve problems ethical in nature, and to assess those variables that potentially affect the quality of the resolution and the quality of the decision process. Adopting two primary models from the literature: Jones' synthesis of ethical decision making model and the Harris, Pritchard, and Rabins (HPR) model, the conceptual individual/team ethical decision making model was used in an experimental study involving both individuals and teams of engineering students solving ethical dilemmas. This work-in-progress paper describes the model and experiment that is currently underway
Dynamic DNA cytosine methylation in the Populus trichocarpa genome: tissue-level variation and relationship to gene expression

Background DNA cytosine methylation is an epigenetic modification that has been implicated in many biological processes. However, large-scale epigenomic studies have been applied to very few plant species, and variability in methylation among specialized tissues and its relationship to gene expression is poorly understood.
Bubble Dynamics and Heat Transfer during Pool and Flow Boiling

A large number of studies of bubble growth rate and departure diameter have been reported in the literature. Because of uncertainty in defining the shape of an evolving interface, empirical constants are invariably used to match the model predictions with data. This is especially true when force balance is made on a vapor bubble to determine the departure diameter. In this paper, the results of an alternate approach based on a complete numerical simulation of the process are given. Single and multiple bubbles are considered for both pool and flow boiling. The simulations are based on the solution of the conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy for both phases. Interface shape is captured through a level set function. A comparison of bubble shape during evolution, bubble diameter at departure, and bubble growth period is made with data from well-controlled experiments. Among other variables, the effect of magnitude of gravity and contact angle is explicitly investigated.
A tale of two symmetrons: Rules for construction of icosahedral capsids from trisymmetrons and pentasymmetrons

Abstract The capsids of large, icosahedral dsDNA viruses are built from well-ordered aggregates of capsomers, known as trisymmetrons and pentasymmetrons, which are centered on the icosahedral 3-fold and 5-fold axes, respectively. We derive the complete set of rules for constructing an icosahedral structure from these symmetrons when the T lattice symmetry is odd and show that there are three classes of solutions, each of which follows from a different relationship between the size of the pentasymmetron and the values of the h and k icosahedral lattice parameters. Together, these three classes account for all possible ways of building an icosahedral structure solely from trisymmetrons and pentasymmetrons. Also, every icosahedral lattice with odd T number has solutions from exactly two of these three classes, with the set of allowed classes dependent on which of the two lattice parameters is odd. For symmetric lattices (if h = k or h = 0), the two solutions yield the same symmetron sizes, but when the lattice parameters are equal ( h = k ) the solutions can be distinguished by the relative orientations of the symmetrons. We discuss these results in the context of known virus structures and explore the implications for viruses whose structures have not yet been solved.
Dispersive approximations in fluid dynamics

We have compared the results of a von Neumann-Richtmyer calculation with the weak limit of calculations performed by von Neumann's original method; although there are discernible differences, they are surprisingly small. We analyze von Newmann's algorithm for solving the initial value problem for the Lagrangian equations of compressible flow
Changes in Laws Governing Divorce: An Evaluation of Joint Custody Presumptions

This article will explore various clinical, sociological, and legal justificiations given for the adoption, by some state courts, of joint legal custody as a preference or custodial norm. It will suggest that this trend, however well intentioned, may be ineffective and counterproductive. It may serve only to undermine the values advocates assume it will promote. It may cause harm to the children it is intended to benefit. Furthermore, there are other reforms, some already underway, that may be more effective in promoting these values, and in serving the needs of postdivorce parents and their children.
Relative Intrinsic Potency of Asbestos and Erionite Fibers: Proposed Mechanism of Action

Data from human exposure to naturally occurring mineral fibers indicates extreme variability in the rate of mesothelioma between various asbestos varieties and erionite. Experiments on rats have confirmed these differences even where dose responses are based on the number, size and shape of the fibers. In vitro parameters of cytotoxicity and chromosomal aberrations follow the same trend. In such studies the zeolite fiber erionite, which possesses unique internal voids in the crystal lattice, ranks as several orders of magnitude more potent than any asbestos. The data suggests that an intrinsic physicochemical phenomenon is superimposed on the known length/width factor which is responsible for the variability in mesothelioma induction.
Public Opinion and International Policy Choices: Global Commitments for Japan and Its Peers?

To understand the prospects for global order and progress in the coming years, we explore the joint implications of three premises: (1) states advantaged by the current international order have stakes in its regularity and predictability, and thus in moving to counter or prevent threats to those stakes; (2) along impure public and club goods lines, they are more likely to make efforts to do so when some private or club benefits result; and (3) public opinion provides a bounded policy acceptance envelope offering incentives and disincentives to national political elites to act as envisioned by the first two premises. We present a mosaic of public opinion in major OECD countries (the US, Japan, and major EU members) on three policy areas – foreign aid, UN peace-keeping operations, and environmental quality – that contain international public goods elements. Actual contribution tendencies in those areas found in our previous work largely conform to the public opinion patterns reported here. Within the limits of available data, domestic political incentives as represented by public opinion warrant neither extreme optimism nor pessimism about the prospects for continuing contributions by OECD states to sustaining orderly functioning of the current world system.
Asymmetric energy flow in liquid alkylbenzenes: A computational study.

Ultrafast IR-Raman experiments on substituted benzenes [B. C. Pein et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 117, 10898–10904 (2013)] reveal that energy can flow more efficiently in one direction along a molecule than in others. We carry out a computational study of energy flow in the three alkyl benzenes, toluene, isopropylbenzene, and t-butylbenzene, studied in these experiments, and find an asymmetry in the flow of vibrational energy between the two chemical groups of the molecule due to quantum mechanical vibrational relaxation bottlenecks, which give rise to a preferred direction of energy flow. We compare energy flow computed for all modes of the three alkylbenzenes over the relaxation time into the liquid with energy flow through the subset of modes monitored in the time-resolved Raman experiments and find qualitatively similar results when using the subset compared to all the modes.
Nutritional physiology of life-history trade-offs: how food protein–carbohydrate content influences life-history traits in the wing-polymorphic cricket Gryllus firmus

Although life-history trade-offs result from the differential acquisition and allocation of nutritional resources to competing physiological functions, many aspects of this topic remain poorly understood. Wingpolymorphic insects, which possess alternative morphs that trade off allocation to flight capability versus early reproduction, provide a good model system for exploring this topic. In this study, we used the wingpolymorphic cricket Gryllus firmus to test how expression of the flight capability versus reproduction trade-off was modified across a heterogeneous protein–carbohydrate nutritional landscape. Newly molted adult female long- and short-winged crickets were given one of 13 diets with different concentrations and ratios of protein and digestible carbohydrate; for each cricket, we measured consumption patterns, growth and allocation to reproduction (ovary mass) versus flight muscle maintenance (flight muscle mass and somatic lipid stores). Feeding responses in both morphs were influenced more by total macronutrient concentration than by protein–carbohydrate ratio, except at high-macronutrient concentration, where protein– carbohydrate balance was important. Mass gain tended to be greatest on protein-biased diets for both morphs, but was consistently lower across all diets for long-winged females. When long-winged females were fed high-carbohydrate foods, they accumulated greater somatic lipid stores; on high-protein foods, they accumulated greater somatic protein stores. Food protein–carbohydrate content also affected shortwinged females (selected for early reproductive onset), which showed dramatic increases in ovary size, including ovarian stores of lipid and protein, on protein-biased foods. This is the first study to show how the concentration and ratio of dietary protein and carbohydrate affects consumption and allocation to key physiological features associated with the reproduction–dispersal life-history trade-off.
Efficient text-independent speaker verification with structural Gaussian mixture models and neural network

We present an integrated system with structural Gaussian mixture models (SGMMs) and a neural network for purposes of achieving both computational efficiency and high accuracy in text-independent speaker verification. A structural background model (SBM) is constructed first by hierarchically clustering all Gaussian mixture components in a universal background model (UBM). In this way the acoustic space is partitioned into multiple regions in different levels of resolution. For each target speaker, a SGMM can be generated through multilevel maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptation from the SBM. During test, only a small subset of Gaussian mixture components are scored for each feature vector in order to reduce the computational cost significantly. Furthermore, the scores obtained in different layers of the tree-structured models are combined via a neural network for final decision. Different configurations are compared in the experiments conducted on the telephony speech data used in the NIST speaker verification evaluation. The experimental results show that computational reduction by a factor of 17 can be achieved with 5% relative reduction in equal error rate (EER) compared with the baseline. The SGMM-SBM also shows some advantages over the recently proposed hash GMM, including higher speed and better verification performance.
Dose‐response relationship of increasing doses of dextromethorphan given to children with cough

Purpose The efficacy of dextromethorphan (DM) for treating cough is uncertain, and its use is not supported by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Still, DM is often given to children as an antitussive. Dosing of DM is based on age, not weight. We sought to determine if a dose-response relationship existed among a cohort of children given a single nocturnal dose of DM for cough due to an upper respiratory infection. Methods In a double-masked, placebo-controlled trial of over-the-counter cough medications, 33 children received DM. Dose given was based on the drug label: children 2–5 years - 7.5 mg; children 6–11 years - 15 mg; children 12–18 years - 30 mg. This equated to a range of 0.35–0.94 mg/kg/dose. Subjective parental assessments of cough and sleep were assessed via questions using a 7-point Likert scale that compared symptoms to the prior night without medication. Three dose ranges were compared. Results (See Table) Conclusion While no statistically significant differences were detectable for the outcomes studied, there was a trend towards improved symptom control with higher doses of DM. This should be considered in future evaluations of the efficacy of DM. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P23–P23; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.087 Table 1. Mean Change in Symptom Scores 0.30- 0.60 mg/kg/dose n=8 p Cough Frequency 1.25 2.38 2.38 0.31 Cough's Effect on Child's Sleep 1.50 2.00 2.25 0.65 Cough's Effect on Parent's Sleep 1.92 3.00 2.38 0.29 Bothersome Nature of Cough 1.50 2.08 2.25 0.67 Severity of Cough 1.33 2.23 2.00 0.54 TOTAL 7.50 11.69 11.25 0.43
The Problem of Free Mass: Must Properties Cluster?

Properties come in clusters. It seems impossible, for instance, that a mass could float free, unattached to any other property. David Armstrong takes this as a reductio of the bundle theory and an argument for substrata, while Peter Simons and Arda Denkel reply by supplementing the bundle theory with accounts of property interdependencies. I argue against both views. Virtually all plausible ontologies turn out to be committed to the existence of free masses. I develop and defend the view that the clustering of properties is a mere contingent truth, on grounds that properties can be subtracted one-byone. This opens the door not just to the (unsupplemented) bundle theory, but also to any plausible account of the relation between objects and properties. Properties come in clusters. Everything that has mass also has shape, color, and a full array of other properties. Why? Why can’t the mass of this page break free, and wander off by itself, leaving its whiteness and smoothness behind? What ontological principle, if any, binds properties together? I argue that lone properties such as free masses are metaphysically possible-the clustering of properties is merely a contingent fact. Not only do virtually all plausible ontologies countenance free masses, but a positive case can be made for their possibility via principles of property subtraction.
Some Reflections on the Economic History of Modern China (1840–1949)*

The study of the economic history of modern China is underdeveloped. There is urgent need for original work both in ascertaining facts and in interpretations. Though investigations into the various phases of the Chinese economy had been made by the Chinese Maritime Customs since the 1860's, and by interested contemporary observers such as Morse and Wagel, statistical surveys on a large scale were not systematically conducted with any degree of reliability until the 1930's. They represented the efforts of the government, academic institutions, and individual scholars. A comprehensive survey on agriculture was made by John L. Buck and the National Agricultural Research Bureau of the National Government. An industrial census of Chinese-owned factories was planned and carried out by D. K. Lieu for the National Resources Commission of the National Government. Mining statistics were collected by government agencies under the direction of Ting Weng-chiang and Weng Wen-hao. Railway statistics have been published (since 1915) and a monumental collection of some 37 huge volumes on transportation and communications was compiled by the Ministry of Communications. The Nankai Institute of Economics—with which professors Franklin Ho, Fang Hsien-ting (H. D. Fong), C. M. Li and many others were associated—made significant contributions in the study of prices, terms of trade, modern industries, and handicrafts. Banking statistics were collected by various institutions, especially the Bank of China. The most comprehensive work on foreign investment was done by C. F. Remer and later by the Japanese East Asian Research Institute. The Japanese Manchuria Railway provided a great deal of economic information on Manchuria after the latter was taken by Japan in 1931. A few sample studies were made both by research institutions and by the government on the characteristics of the Chinese population.
Inferring perceptual saliency fields from viewpoint-dependent recognition data

We present an algorithm for computing the relative perceptual saliencies of the features of a three-dimensional object using either goodness-of-view scores measured at several viewpoints or perceptual similarities among several object views. This technique addresses the inverse, ill-posed version of the direct problem of predicting goodness-of-view scores or viewpoint similarities when the object features are known. On the basis of a linear model for the direct problem, we solve the inverse problem using the method of regularization. The critical assumption we make to regularize the solution is that perceptual salience varies slowly on the surface of the object. The salient regions derived using this assumption empirically indicate what object structures are important in human three-dimensional object perception, a domain where theories typically have been based on somewhat ad hoc features.
The effects of feed and intracellular pyruvate levels on the redistribution of metabolic fluxes in Escherichia coli.

In a previous study, an Escherichia coli strain lacking the key enzymes (acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase, ACK-PTA) of the major acetate synthesis pathways reduced acetate accumulation. The ackA-pta mutant strain also exhibits an increased lactate synthesis rate. Metabolic flux analysis suggested that the majority of excessive carbon flux was redirected through the lactate formation pathway rather than the ethanol synthesis pathway. This result indicated that lactate dehydrogenase may be competitive at the pyruvate node. However, a 10-fold overexpression of the fermentative lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) gene in the wild-type parent GJT001 was not able to divert carbon flux from acetate. The carbon flux through pyruvate and all its end products increases at the expense of flux through biosynthesis and succinate. Intracellular pyruvate measurements showed that strains overexpressing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) depleted the pyruvate pool. This observation along with the observed excretion of pyruvate in the ackA-pta strain indicates the significance of intracellular pyruvate pools. In the current study, we focus on the role of the intracellular pyruvate pool in the redirection of metabolic fluxes at this important node. An increasing level of extracellular pyruvate leads to an increase in the intracellular pyruvate pool. This increase in intracellular pyruvate affects carbon flux distribution at the pyruvate node. Partitioning of the carbon flux to acetate at the expense of ethanol occurs at the acetyl-CoA node while partitioning at the pyruvate node favors lactate formation. The increased competitiveness of the lactate pathway may be due to the allosteric activation of LDH as a result of increased pyruvate levels. The interaction between the reactions catalyzed by the enzymes PFL (pyruvate formate lyase) and LDH was examined.
A SHORT-TERM AUXILIARY DIET FOR THE PREDACEOUS STINK BUG, PERILLUS BIOCULATUS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)

Perillus bioculatus (F.) can be maintained in the laboratory on a diet of Heliothis virescens F. larvae if supplemented with Colorado potato beetle (CPB) eggs. Here we demonstrate that an artificial diet can replace the CPB eggs and maintain the colony for at least three generations. This enables us to maintain our Perillus colonies at high numbers independent of the normal fluctuations in our CPB colony. Survival of nymphs, adult longevity, start of ovipositioning, total number of eggs per female, total number of clutches per female, and percent hatch were equivalent between the two rearing regimes for three generations. Fecundity on the artificial diet was greatly reduced by the sixth generation, leading to the collapse of the colony during the seventh generation.
Cochlear Threshold Assessment using Tone-Derived Action Potentials

An evoked-potential technique has been evaluated which detects whether the cochlea responds to a continuous, low level tone. The technique involves recording the cochlear action potential (AP) response to a suprathreshold probe tone, first in the absence and then in the presence of a continuous masking tone at the same frequency. Subtraction of the masked AP waveform from the unmasked AP yields a derived potential, provided the continuous tone is above the threshold of cochlear sensitivity. Derived AP responses may be recorded with continuous masking tones over 10 dB below the threshold to the probe stimulus. In normally hearing guinea pigs, the mean best derived threshold using a 10-μV response criterion was 7.1 dB SPL, compared to 18.9 dB for conventional AP thresholds. The tone-derived response appears to provide a more sensitive and frequency-specific method for determining cochlear thresholds.
Challenging the Text and Context of (Re)Naming Immigrant Children: Children’s Literature as Tools for Change

For decades, many immigrant children entering American classrooms were renamed, a phenomenon that continues to occur through situated practices enacted by both educators and family members. While there are positive motivations for renaming, such practices are often motivated by institutional discourses that frame immigrants in deficit terms. By embracing these institutional discourses—difference as deficit, or the need to be Americanized in order to succeed—families and children are being colonized. To break away from such colonization, this chapter proposes critical practices catapulted by the reading and discussion of children’s books featuring renaming (and other relevant) phenomenon through realistic fiction representing practices within and across cultural groups throughout the country. Through the critical cycle, teachers, families, and child advocates can engage in appropriating these negative and marginalizing institutional discourses by problematizing and deconstructing traditional definitions of success in school, normalcy, and naming. By engaging in such transformative practices as the critical cycle, educators can challenge discourses and practices which position immigrant children and families in negative ways and move toward transformative possibilities.
Enhancing Client Outcomes in Health Reform: The Role of Occupational Therapists in Primary Care

Date Presented 4/16/2015 Perceptions of occupational therapists (OTs) working in primary care settings are presented. Unique services provided, role negotiation, strategies for educating team members on the scope of occupational therapy services, and methods for advocating for OTs’ role in primary care are explored to promote effective client outcomes.
Educational Psychology’s Instructional Challenge: Pre-service Teacher Concerns Regarding Classroom-Level Data-Driven Decision-Making:

Data-driven decision-making (DDDM) is a difficult topic to cover, but typically required, in the applied educational psychology course or other courses required for teacher licensure in the United ...
Control of horn flies by an electrochemical device.

Horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), may be controlled without manually applying insecticides to cattle with in-expensive attractant toxicant devices. One such device used ultraviolet radiation to attract flies from the cows to gauze curtains impregnated with a 5% aqueous suspension of Shell SD-8447 (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate). Maximum effectiveness was obtained at night or early in the morning and when 2 of the devices faced each other on either side of a narrow chute such as that leading to a milking barn.
A NARROW HYBRID ZONE BETWEEN CLOSELY RELATED CRICKET SPECIES.

Our understanding of speciation events derives in large part from observations of closely related species or of differentiated populations that are thought to be incipient species. Such observations are particularly useful if they allow us to identify critical genetic changes that result in intrinsic barriers to gene exchange and to distinguish these from changes that simply accompany speciation (and might well occur in its absence). One approach is to examine interactions between closely related species or presumed incipient species where they occur sympatrically. With appropriate laboratory and/or field manipulations it may be possible to isolate the effects on degree of reproductive isolation of particular morphological, developmental or behavioral differences and then proceed to examine the genetic basis for such differences. This paper is the first in a series in which we examine the nature of barriers to gene exchange between egg-overwintering, fall adult field crickets (genus Gryllus). North American field crickets provide excellent material for evolutionary studies (Alexander, 1968; Harrison, 1978). Despite the existence of considerable morphological variation within this group, orthopteran taxonomists in the early part of this century concluded that Gryllus in North America consisted of a single, highly variable species (Lutz, 1908; Rehn and Hebard, 1915). Subsequent work, using calling song, life cycle and habitat as distinguishing characters, established the existence of at least eight distinct species in eastern North America alone (Fulton, 1952; Alexander, 1957; Alexander and Bigelow, 1960; Alexander and Walker, 1962; Walker, 1974). Here we are concerned with two of these species-the very closely related pair, G. pennsylvanicus and G. firmus. Gryllus pennsylvanicus occurs throughout the northeastern United States and extends south in the mountains to North Carolina and Georgia (Alexander, 1968). Throughout its range this species is univoltine, overwintering in the egg stage with adults appearing in late summer or early fall. Gryllus firmus, the 'beach cricket' (Fulton, 1952), is found along the Gulf Coast of the United States and along the Atlantic Coast as least as far north as the eastern shore of Maryland, where it is reported to occur together with G. pennsylvanicus (Alexander, 1957, 1968). In the northern part of the range the life cycle of G. firmus is nearly identical to that of G. pennsylvanicus. Further south adults of G. firmus appear in spring as well as fall (North Carolina) or throughout the year (Florida) and females lay both diapause and non-diapause eggs (Fulton, 1952; Alexander, 1968; Walker, 1981). Although populations of G. firmus and G. pennsylvanicus are morphologically distinct, no single morphological character is clearly diagnostic. The most reliable character for distinguishing the species appears to be ovipositor length in females (Alexander, 1957). In males, the number of teeth on the stridulatory file is greater in G. firmus (Rakshpal, 1960; Alexander and Walker, 1962; Nickle and Walker, 1974). In both sexes, G. firmus tends to be
Abstract A043: Targeting defective DNA repair for the prevention of BRCA1-mutated breast cancer

Carriers of germline mutations in the Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 1 (BRCA1) have an increased risk for developing breast cancer. Unfortunately, BRCA1-mutated cancers are not amenable to current chemoprevention options, often associate with an aggressive clinical course, and thus, are in need of an effective prevention strategy. We previously found that BRCA1 plays a role in DNA base-excision repair (BER) of oxidative DNA damage (ODD), and that BRCA1-mutated breast cancers exhibit a compromised ability for BER of ODD. Given that excessive ODD leads to tumorigenesis, we hypothesized that repair of ODD may be enhanced to prevent tumorigenesis of BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. To test this hypothesis, we first identified drugs that enhance BER of ODD in the presence of mutant BRCA1. To do so, we conducted a high-throughput chemical screen using small molecules with known pharmacological activity. Two of these compounds, which have been approved for other clinical indications, enhanced BER in mutant BRCA1 but not wild-type BRCA1 cell lines. These molecules also decreased basal levels of ODD as determined by flow cytometry using a FITC-conjugated 8oxoG-binding protein and decreased H2O2-induced ODD as determined by the alkaline comet assay modified for detection of oxidized lesions. Second, we analyzed certain effects of these drugs that would negatively affect their ability to function as chemoprevention agents. Both drugs showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations that enhanced BER of ODD as seen by the MTT assay and Hoechst-staining for live cells. Both drugs directly activated BER, rather than indirectly as a result of induction of DNA damage, as evidenced by the alkaline comet assay for DNA strand breaks. Finally, at least one of these drugs decreased in vitro tumorigenesis of BRCA1-mutant and isogenic BRCA1-deficient cells using the soft agar colony formation assay and simultaneously had no significant effect on cell viability as determined by the trypan blue exclusion assay. Taken together, these data suggest a novel strategy for the targeted chemoprevention of BRCA1-associated breast cancers. Citation Format: Elizabeth Alli, Dave Solow-Cordero. Targeting defective DNA repair for the prevention of BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A043.
Research Progress on HSPs Expression in Ischemic Gerbil Brain

Various studies have demonstrated an increase in heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) synthesis in the ischemic brain, suggesting a protective role for HSPs against ischemic insult. The HSPs family includes HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP32, HSP27 and ubiquitin. Research progress on theses proteins in ischemic gerbil brain will be reviewed in this article.
Modeling Equal Opportunity

We examine the themes of equal opportunity, intergenerational mobility, and inequality. We address the normative and definitional questions of selecting measures of mobility and summarize the current state of intergenerational mobility in the United States and abroad. We introduce a new microsimulation model, the Social Genome Model (SGM), which provides a framework for measuring success in each stage of the life cycle. We show how the SGM can be used not only to understand the pathways to the middle class, but also to simulate the impact of policy interventions on rates of mobility.
My Opinion To The Different Systems Of Music Form In Teaching

There were different systems in European Classical musical form. For the college teaching program, the writer held that the students should master one of them first of all. To introduce some other system to the students if there are possibilities also was a good idea. This was not only related to the academic democracy, but also could open students' horizon, and afford them train of thoughts on comparative.
Temporal Variability of Global Longitudinal Strain in Stable Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy With Trastuzumab

Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is used to evaluate left ventricular (LV) performance after chemotherapy. Differentiating between reduction in GLS due to clinical change and normal temporal variability in measurement remains a challenge. We quantified interobserver, test-retest variability of GLS by expert observers in relation to variability of GLS quantified for clinical assessment by sonographers in our laboratory. We examined the temporal variability of GLS in 30 patients with normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF >53%) undergoing chemotherapy in the absence of change in medications and clinical symptoms in up to 5 sequential echocardiograms. GLS was quantified using EchoPAC (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) and 2-dimensional biplane LVEF was measured from 4- and 2- chamber views. Interobserver test-retest variability of GLS measured in 10 random patients by 2 expert readers was calculated using a one-way analysis of variance. Square root of mean squared error provided the SEM for temporal variability. Baseline LVEF was 59.3 ± 5.1% and remained relatively unchanged over 12 months, p = 0.87. Temporal variability of GLS measured by sonographers was 1.28% and similar to interobserver test-retest variability of GLS measured by expert observers, 1.12% (p = 0.17). Maximum detectable difference in GLS measured by expert observers was similar to that derived from sequential measurements of GLS (3.2% vs 3.6%, respectively). Temporal variability of GLS among clinically stable patients is 1.28% and similar to interobserver test-retest variability of 1.12% measured by expert observers. In conclusion, a reduction in strain >3.2% during sequential echocardiograms under these conditions may be significant.
Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis: the Stepwise Treatment Approach

Treatment of allergic rhinitis in children requires a thoughtful, stepwise approach. Before considering medication for rhinitis, possibly chronic medication, you must (1) confirm disease based on symptoms or testing for offending allergens, (2) implement environmental controls when possible, (3) understand how allergy medication will affect children, and (4) recognize the need to use the minimum amount of medicine necessary to treat symptoms. Special attention to the impact of medication on school performance and social interactions is important when treating children. For intermittent symptoms, an oral antihistamine should be tried first. Chronic symptoms will respond best to a topical nasal steroid spray. Spending the time to figure out what most troubles the child will focus therapy (such as an antihistamine eye drop when ocular itching is a primary symptom) and prevent use of unnecessary medication. Moving past medication to immunotherapy is an important next step as we look for ways to change the natural course of atopic disease. There are now multiple approved forms of immunotherapy in the USA; this should allow a tailored approach to treating symptoms that have progressed beyond pharmacologic therapy. These layers of therapy, environmental control, pharmacologic management focused on bothersome symptoms, and immunotherapy, naturally allow for escalation of treatment with increasing symptoms. Working with the parents is imperative to fully understand the impact symptoms are having on the child and to achieve compliance with medications. This combined, stepwise approach will lead to good relief for the child and satisfaction among both parents and treating physician.
Does tailoring instructional style to a medical student's self-perceived learning style improve performance when teaching intravenous catheter placement? A randomized controlled study.

Students may have different learning styles. It is unclear, however, whether tailoring instructional methods for a student’s preferred learning style improves educational outcomes when teaching procedures. The authors sought to examine whether teaching to a student’s self-perceived learning style improved the acquisition of intravenous (IV) catheter placement skills. The authors hypothesized that matching a medical student’s preferred learning style with the instructor’s teaching style would increase the success of placing an IV catheter. Using the VARK model (i.e., visual [V], auditory [A], read/write [R] and kinesthetic [K]), third-year medical students reported their self-perceived learning style and were subsequently randomized to instructors who were trained to teach according to a specific learning format (i.e., visual, auditory). Success was gauged by: 1) the placement of an IV on the first attempt and 2) the number of attempts made until an IV line was successfully placed. The average number of attempts in the matched learning style group was 1.53, compared to 1.64 in the unmatched learning style group; however, results were not statistically significant. Both matched and unmatched groups achieved a similar success rate (57 and 58 %, respectively). Additionally, a comparison of success between the unmatched and matched students within each learning style modality yielded no statistical significance. Results suggest that providing procedural instruction that is congruent with a student’s self-perceived learning style does not appear to improve outcomes when instructing students on IV catheter placement.
Review: Acupuncture reduces migraine frequency more than usual care, sham acupuncture, or prophylactic drugs.

Source Citation Linde K, Allais G, Brinkhaus B, et al. Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;6:CD001218. 27351677
Fluxa: Body Movements as a Social Display

This paper presents Fluxa, a compact wearable device that exploits body movements, as well as the visual effects of persistence of vision (POV), to generate mid-air displays on and around the body. When the user moves his/her limb, Fluxa displays a pattern that, due to retinal afterimage, can be perceived by the surrounding people. We envision Fluxa as a wearable display to foster social interactions. It can be used to enhance existing social gestures such as hand-waving to get attention, as a communicative tool that displays the speed and distance covered by joggers, and as a self-expression device that generates images while dancing. We discuss the advantages of Fluxa: a display size that could be much larger than the device itself, a semi-transparent display that allows users and others to see though it and promotes social interaction.
Hazard Perception and Distraction in Novice Drivers: Effects of 12 Months Driving Experience

The high crash risk of novice drivers has been partly attributed to their underdeveloped hazard perception abilities. Novice drivers also have an increased risk of crashes due to distractions. Studies show that novice drivers do not detect risk relevant cues and are more susceptible to distractions when compared to adult drivers. This test track study was conducted to study the effects of 12 months of driving experience on teenagers. Forty-two teenagers and their parents drove through hazard perception scenarios while engaged in secondary tasks. These participants had participated in a similar session 12 months earlier. For the odometer and texting task conditions the novice drivers showed an improvement in hazard perception and a small but insignificant decrease in task suspension after 12 months. For the scenario with the cell phone task none of the novice drivers suspended the task, nor exhibited any sort of hazard perception behavior at 12 months. The results indicate that although hazard perception generally improves with experience under some distracting task conditions this is not the case for cell phone distractions.
Real-Time 4D OCT for Ophthalmic Imaging and Surgical Guidance

We report on new technologies for real time volumetric microstructural imaging in the living eye in vivo, with a focus on image-guided ocular microsurgery using an operating microscope-integrated OCT system with a stereoscopic heads-up display.
Regulators of Biotic Processes in Stream and River Ecosystems

Along river networks, channel and riparian environments change in partially predictable ways that strongly influence river organisms and their interactions. Sunlight reaching the water surface increases as channels widen downstream. Disturbances increase in frequency from rare landslides in bouldery headwaters to frequent bed movement in sandy lowland rivers, and species populations rebuild following disturbances through a sequence of changes called ecological succession. Species interactions and the length of food chains vary with time since disturbance as the more edible prey of early succession are replaced by the less vulnerable prey of later succession. Primary productivity, habitat structure, and other factors that vary spatially in river and riparian environments also influence the strength and character of food-web interactions. Understanding why ecological regimes vary along spatial gradients can be a basis for predictions of ecological change over time in response to changes in climate, land use, biota, or other environmental factors.