cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remarks on the predictability properties of two‐ and three‐dimensional flow

This paper discusses the relationship between certain well-posedness results for the equations of motion and simple phenomenological arguments pertaining to the predictability of the flow fields. the barotropic and quasi-geostrophic equations have been shown to be well-posed under certain conditions. From this, it has been inferred that Lorenz's conjecture of finite predictability time for any scale of initial error is false. Such an inference is justified in the error energy may be made small by confining the error to small scales of motion. It is shown that this may be achieved, given finite bounds on the vorticity. It is also shown that there is no contradiction between essentially Kolmogorovian phenomenological arguments and the well-posedness of the equations, since the conditions uder wich a finite predictability time is predicted by the former are those then phenomenological trubulence arguments and rigorous existence proofs imply that the predictability time of a barotropic fluid may be made as long as we wish if the initial error scale can be made small enough. Both sets of arguments also imply that enstrophy dissipation tends to zero as viscosity tends to zero. For a three-dimensional fluid phenomenology implies a finite predictability time, and non-zero energy dissipation as viscosity tends to zero, implying the ill-posendness of the three-dimensional Euler equations.
Lumping (and Splitting) LAMs: The Story of Grouping Libraries, Archives, and Museums/Regroupement (et division) des BAMs : Histoire du regroupement des bibliothèques, des archives et des musées

Eviatar Zerubavel’s work on cognitive classifications (‘‘lumping’’ and ‘‘splitting’’) provides the theoretical basis for this literature-based review and narrative analysis of works in which libraries, archives, and museums (LAMs) are referred to in concert. Different narratives emerge based on whether authors are ‘‘insiders’’ (practitioners) or ‘‘outsiders’’ (including grant-funding agencies, policy makers, or researchers). The story that emerges exposes the influence of institutional and professional practice, digitization, research, policy, funding, and technological determinism in shaping how we talk (and how we subsequently think) about LAMs in the aggregate. Policy rhetoric stands out as a powerful voice focused on the goal of access for all. Gaps in the story around selection, funding, users, and technology are highlighted as areas for future research.
Microbial diversity and biogeochemistry of the Guaymas Basin deep-sea hydrothermal plume.

Summary Hydrothermal plumes are hot spots of microbial biogeochemistry in the deep ocean, yet little is known about the diversity or ecology of microorganisms inhabiting plumes. Recent biogeochemical evidence shows that Mn(II) oxidation in the Guaymas Basin (GB) hydrothermal plume is microbially mediated and suggests that the plume microbial community is distinct from deep-sea communities. Here we use a molecular approach to compare microbial diversity in the GB plume and in background deep seawater communities, and cultivation to identify Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria from plumes and sediments. Despite dramatic differences in Mn(II) oxidation rates between plumes and background seawater, microbial diversity and membership were remarkably similar. All bacterial clone libraries were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and archaeal clone libraries were dominated by Crenarchaeota. Two lineages, both phylogenetically related to methanotrophs and/or methylotrophs, were consistently over-represented in the plume. Eight Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria were isolated, but none of these or previously identified Mn(II) oxidizers were abundant in clone libraries. Taken together with Mn(II) oxidation rates measured in laboratory cultures and in the field, these results suggest that Mn(II) oxidation in the GB hydrothermal plume is mediated by genome-level dynamics (gene content and/or expression) of microorganisms that are indigenous and abundant in the deep sea but have yet to be unidentified as Mn(II) oxidizers.
A study of time-redundant fault tolerance techniques for high-performance pipelined computers

A class of fault-tolerance techniques using time redundancy can be a viable alternative for high-performance pipelined processors. Time-redundant fault-tolerance techniques, such as recomputing with shifted operands (RESO), have not been very popular, partly because of the perceived time overhead of such techniques. While the per-instruction time overhead can be quite high, especially if the degree of pipelining is low, the overhead can be very small (and possibly negligible) when the execution of an entire program is considered and the degree of pipelining is high. Simulation studies were carried out on the Cray-1 scalar unit using the well-known Livermore loops as benchmarks to determine the performance loss due to time-redundant fault-tolerance techniques. The results show that the overhead for such techniques is less than 10% in almost all cases and is negligibly small in most cases. This suggests that time-redundant techniques can be useful for fault tolerance in high-performance scalar processors with multiple pipelined functional units. >
Predicting Infestation Levels of the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Using Pheromone Traps

There is considerable interest in using pheromone trap catches of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), to estimate or predict population density and damage. At six sites in the Georgia Piedmont, adult tip moths were monitored through one or more years using pheromone traps while population density and damage for each tip moth generation were determined. During most years, trap catch was higher during the first adult generation compared with subsequent generations regardless of population density. Within each generation, trap catch was moderately to highly correlated with associated population density or damage levels. Hyperbolic regression models best described these relationships and suggested trap saturation when populations are high. Trap catch during the first adult generation was highly predictive of population density or damage during the subsequent generation. Trap catch during the second adult generation was fair at predicting subsequent density or damage. The models presented herein should be used with caution because they are likely to be region-specific. Validation of these relationships is necessary before widespread application of these models is warranted.
ANALYSIS OF MODES OF ENTRY AND LEGAL STATUSES OF AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES

The paper discusses the diverse modes of entry and legal statuses of African immigrants in the United States. This is vital as it will have a bearing on the integration of the immigrants within the American society. Like all U.S. immigrant groups, most African immigrants are admitted through family reunification channels; however, African immigrants are much more likely than other groups to be admitted as refugees or through the diversity visa program which aims to increase flows from underrepresented countries by allowing immigration from those countries of individuals without a formal job offer or strong family ties in the U.S.A.
George Eliot's Intellectual Life: The Visionary: transmitting ideals in Daniel Deronda

Middlemarch all but ends with the sentence: “Every limit is a beginning as well as an ending.” George Eliot's next novel, Daniel Deronda (1876), opens with the sentence, “Man can do nothing without the make-believe of a beginning.” Something has happened to make Eliot believe that to make a new beginning, it is necessary not merely to take up from the previous limit but to introduce a “make-believe,” a new, even arbitrary constituent dropped into the super-organism. It is another resource of Middlemarch to provide us with a hint of her procedure here. That encyclopedic fiction did for the totality of an English society (not the one present at time of writing but a past one) what Balzac before and Zola afterward required a whole shelf of novels to do. After such fulfillment, it would be necessary to go beyond prior achievement in a new mode. An additional, even alien element was needed for a novel that might deal with the England of the present as its predecessor had done for the past. Why not an Englishman who discovers he's not English at all or entirely, but an outsider, an “Italian with white mice” or, to use the pungent phrase of one Middlemarcher, “a grafting of the Jew pawnbroker” (lxxi, 707). A somewhat arbitrary beginning, but pregnant with possibilities.
Predictors and clinical relevance of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in ambulatory patients with a continuous flow left ventricular assist device

Background Patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) are at high risk for ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTAs). Objective We aimed to identify clinical predictors of VTAs and subsequent outcomes after VTA in ambulatory LVAD patients. Methods A retrospective study of 149 patients with a continuous flow HeartMate II LVAD who survived to discharge from index hospitalization after LVAD implantation was performed from January 10, 2005, to September 3, 2013. A multivariate Cox model was used to assess clinical predictors of VTAs. Results During a mean follow-up period of 2.1 ± 1.2 years, 41 patients (28%) experienced VTAs; 30 of these patients (71%) had ventricular tachycardia, and 11 (29%) had ventricular fibrillation. History of VTAs before LVAD (hazard ratio [HR] 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57–5.96; P = .001) and history of atrial fibrillation (AF) (HR 3.13; 95% CI 1.60–6.11; P = .008) were the most powerful predictors of VTAs after LVAD implantation. There were 19 deaths (46%) among patients with VTAs and 15 deaths (14%) among patients without VTAs ( P P Conclusion In ambulatory LVAD patients, history of VTAs before LVAD implantation and history of AF predict VTAs after LVAD implantation. VTAs are associated with an increased risk of mortality. In such patients, aggressive measures to control VTAs and AF should be considered.
Experimental and analytical characterization of a shear coaxial combusting GO2/GH2 flowfield

Detailed measurements of the flow velocities and major species distributions downstream of a uni-element shear coaxial injector in a gaseous oxygen/hydrogen (GO2/GH2) rocket chamber are presented and compared with CFD predictions from a reacting Navier-Stokes solution. The velocity profiles are obtained by means of laser Doppler velocimetry, while the species (H2, O2, and H2O) are measured by Raman spectroscopy. The CFD predictions are in good agreement with the measurements, although they moderately overpredict the spreading rate of the reaction zone at the downstream location. Both experimental and numerical results indicate that the shear coaxial injector mixes slowly but that combustion is completed on a length scale representative of that tested in actual combustors. The experiments show high c* efficiency, and the computations show the flame combusts all the GO2, both suggesting complete combustion. Detailed CFD resolution shows that the base region behind the GO2 post tip acts as a flameholder for the GO2/GH2 flame. Overall, the results demonstrate that advanced diagnostics and CFD predictions can be used in concert as tools for gas/gas injector design. (Author)
Congressional Isolationists and the Roosevelt Foreign Policy

In the 1950's, as in the 1930's, there are Congressional efforts to limit executive discretion in the conduct of foreign affairs. Senators Taft and Wherry have generated a debate over the President's authority to send armed forces abroad, which is reminiscent of the debate over the neutrality legislation of the earlier decade. The time has therefore come when a more just appreciation of President Roosevelt's leadership in foreign affairs may be possible and when such an evaluation may be useful.
Modern Interpretation of Li Zhi's Critical Thought on All Men Are Brothers

The theory of "determined effort" and the theory of "loyalty and righteousness" are the centralized embodiment of Li Zhi's critical thought on All Men Are Brothers .The former emphasizes that the novel should be "works of determined effort" which means creative enthusiasm in modern theory.The latter sums up the novel's theme,which affirms the righteousness of Liangshan Uprising.At that time Li Zhi's critical thought and artistic analysis on All Men Are Brothers had a great influence upon the novel circle,which forcefully promoted the sound development of ancient China's realistic novels.
Aging society and successful aging

In rapidly aging society like Japan, it is imperative for aged persons to accomplish what we call 'successful aging'. The components of successful aging are (1) high physical function with low risk of disease, (2) good cognitive function and (3) high level of engagement to life and society. Ample evidence obtained from medical research suggests how age-associated diseases can be prevented and how high physical activity can be maintained in aged persons. More studies are required, however, to know how deterioration of cognitive function can be prevented. Those who participate in work or in social activities are less likely to show physical or mental decline. Interdisciplinary researches are required to find ways for achieving successful aging in Japan.
Looking into the Abyss

While P. G. Wodehouse and others sought to attack their opposition head-on by ridiculing the rash fears of invasion, one of the major serious writers of the period was preparing to wade far more subtly into the controversy over how Germany and its inhabitants could and should be imagined. In doing so, he chose to avoid the issue of German military prowess almost entirely and instead chose to focus on the dire cultural consequences for Britain of what he saw as an ever-increasing move towards the ‘wrong’ German model of hyper-nationalism and ‘national efficiency’. For him, Britain was in danger of becoming the very ‘monster’ the likes of Le Queux and Harmsworth were publicly pledged to resist.
Maxreach: reducing network incompleteness through node probes

Real-world network datasets are often incomplete. Subsequently, any analysis on such networks is likely to produce skewed results. We examine the following problem: given an incomplete network, which b nodes should be probed to bring as many new nodes as possible into the observed network? For instance, consider someone who has observed a portion (say 1%) of the Twitter network. How should she use a limited budget to reduce the incompleteness of the network? In this work, we propose a novel algorithm, called MAXREACH, which uses a budget b to increase the number of nodes in the observed network. Our experiments, across a range of datasets and conditions, demonstrate the efficacy of MAXREACH.
Solving M-modes using heuristic search

M-Modes for graphical models is the problem of finding top M label configurations of highest probability in their local neighborhoods. The state-of-the-art method for solving M-Modes is a dynamic programming algorithm which computes global modes by first computing local modes of each subgraph and then search through all their consistent combinations. A drawback of the algorithm is that most of its time is wasted on computing local modes that are never used in global modes. This paper introduces new algorithms that directly search the space of consistent local modes in finding the global modes, which is enabled by a novel search operator designed to search a subgraph of variables at each time. As a result, the search algorithms only need to generate and verify a small number of local modes and can hence lead to significant improvement in efficiency and scalability.
New photoheterolysis precursors to study oxenium ions: combining experiment and theory

The combination of theoretical calculations and laser flash photolysis experiments has aided in understanding the reactivity and properties of oxenium ions. Direct observation of the reactivity, spin configurations, and lifetimes of short-lived oxenium ions via laser flash photolysis (LFP) techniques is now possible due to the discovery of new photoprecursors to these species. These new precursors allowed the direct observation of the parent phenyloxenium ion in solution by using protonated hydroxylamine tetrafluoroborate salt. Computations suggest that the singlet–triplet gap (ΔEST) of aryloxenium ions can be tuned by substituents, and predicted a ground state triplet oxenium ion, which was confirmed by experimental studies. The interplay of theory and experiment in understanding these species is discussed.
Reviews of Science for Science Librarians: Nontrivial Feats—Recent Awards in Mathematics

ABSTRACTIn 2012 this publication reviewed the winners of international awards in mathematics with a detailed analysis of the Fields Medal (Meier 2012). In the four years since, there have been multiple mathematics prizes and awards of various renown with a particularly historic Fields Medal—the first female mathematician ever to be honored. In this article the focus will only be on recent winners of awards, but additional prizes in mathematics will be included. Librarians should follow mathematical awards in order to collect related materials and keep aware of trends in the field.
Measuring Scale-Up and Scale-Out Hadoop with Remote and Local File Systems and Selecting the Best Platform

MapReduce is a popular computing model for parallel data processing on large-scale datasets, which can vary from gigabytes to terabytes and petabytes. Though Hadoop MapReduce normally uses Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) local file system, it can be configured to use a remote file system. Then, an interesting question is raised: for a given application, which is the best running platform among the different combinations of scale-up and scale-out Hadoop with remote and local file systems. However, there has been no previous research on how different types of applications (e.g., CPU-intensive, data-intensive) with different characteristics (e.g., input data size) can benefit from the different platforms. Thus, in this paper, we conduct a comprehensive performance measurement of different applications on scale-up and scale-out clusters configured with HDFS and a remote file system (i.e., OFS), respectively. We identify and study how different job characteristics (e.g., input data size, the number of file reads/writes, and the amount of computations) affect the performance of different applications on the different platforms. Based on the measurement results, we also propose a performance prediction model to help users select the best platforms that lead to the minimum latency. Our evaluation using a Facebook workload trace demonstrates the effectiveness of our prediction model. This study is expected to provide a guidance for users to choose the best platform to run different applications with different characteristics in the environment that provides both remote and local storage, such as HPC cluster and cloud environment.
Abstract 289: Non-viral Rna Delivery To The Endothelium

Dysfunctional vasculature contributes to more disease than any other tissue in the body1. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have the potential to help elucidate the role of endothelial cells in vivo by durably silencing multiple genes simultaneously, but this requires efficient delivery, which has remained challenging in cell types besides hepatocytes. We have developed nanoparticles that deliver siRNA to endothelial cells with high specificity, thereby facilitating the silencing of multiple endothelial cell genes in vivo. These particles do not significantly reduce gene expression in hepatocytes or immune cells even at doses forty times greater than those required for endothelial gene silencing. Optimized formulations achieved the most durable non-liver silencing reported to date, and delivered siRNAs that modified endothelial function in mouse models of vascular permeability, emphysema, primary tumor growth, and metastasis. We believe the nanomaterial described here may improve the ability to study endothelial gene function in vivo, and be used to treat diseases caused by vascular dysfunction.
Hyperhomocysteinemia: a new risk factor for central retinal vein occlusion.

PURPOSE: Previous studies have documented that an elevated plasma homocysteine level is a risk factor for vascular disease. The purpose of this study is to determine whether hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for central retinal vein occlusion. METHODS: This case-controlled study involved reassessment of 74 patients with documented central retinal vein occlusion. Control subjects consisted of individuals referred to the same clinic for assessment of a nonretinal vascular disease. Hyperhomocysteinemia was defined as a total plasma homocysteine level above the 95th percentile in the control group. RESULTS: The mean total plasma homocysteine level was 11.58 mumol/L for cases and 9.49 mumol/L for controls. Of the 74 patients with a central retinal vein occlusion, 21.6% had total plasma homocysteine levels above the 95th percentile in the control group (odds ratio, 6.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.81 to 23.50, P = .003). Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 55% of cases with bilateral disease, 30% of ischemic cases, and 31% of cases with severe visual loss. CONCLUSION: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for central retinal vein occlusion.
Development of best-practices for conserving beneficial insects within Iowa's agricultural landscape

Native plants attractive to beneficial insects may improve the value of buffer strips by contributing to local biodiversity and enhancing the delivery of insect-derived ecosystem services. To determine best management practices for designing buffer strips that conserve beneficial insects, nine plant communities were evaluated. We hypothesized that the diversity and abundance of beneficial insects will be: (1) greatest in diverse plant communities with continuous availability of floral resources; (2) intermediate in plant communities with reduced plant species richness and availability of floral resources; and, (3) lowest in plant communities composed of a single species. More diverse and abundant beneficial insect communities were observed in diverse and forb-only plant communities compared to simple plant communities, especially in treatments composed of species attractive to beneficial insects compared to compositions recommended for prairie restoration. Model comparisons revealed significant positive relationships between the diversity and abundance of beneficial guilds with plant
Effect of beta-agonists on LAM progression and treatment

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare disease of women, is associated with cystic lung destruction resulting from the proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle-like LAM cells with mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes TSC1 and/or TSC2 The mutant genes and encoded proteins are responsible for activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is inhibited by sirolimus (rapamycin), a drug used to treat LAM. Patients who have LAM may also be treated with bronchodilators for asthma-like symptoms due to LAM. We observed stabilization of forced expiratory volume in 1 s over time in patients receiving sirolimus and long-acting beta-agonists with short-acting rescue inhalers compared with patients receiving only sirolimus. Because beta-agonists increase cAMP and PKA activity, we investigated effects of PKA activation on the mTOR pathway. Human skin TSC2+/- fibroblasts or LAM lung cells incubated short-term with isoproterenol (beta-agonist) showed a sirolimus-independent increase in phosphorylation of S6, a downstream effector of the mTOR pathway, and increased cell growth. Cells incubated long-term with isoproterenol, which may lead to beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization, did not show increased S6 phosphorylation. Inhibition of PKA blocked the isoproterenol effect on S6 phosphorylation. Thus, activation of PKA by beta-agonists increased phospho-S6 independent of mTOR, an effect abrogated by beta-agonist-driven receptor desensitization. In agreement, retrospective clinical data from patients with LAM suggested that a combination of bronchodilators in conjunction with sirolimus may be preferable to sirolimus alone for stabilization of pulmonary function.
Targeting Mantle Cell Lymphoma with a Strategy of Combined Proteasome and Histone Deacetylase Inhibition

Although approved for over a decade, the clinical utility of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) remains largely restricted to the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). This has fueled interest in understanding mechanisms of resistance to their antineoplastic actions, leading to the development of new and improved PIs (e.g., carfilzomib, ixazomib, marizomib) and rational combinations with other novel classes of targeted agents. With respect to the latter, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) represent one of the most extensively studied classes of agents. PIs and HDACIs interact at multiple levels to trigger synergistic cell killing in a variety of tumor types through multiple mechanisms, including induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage, PI-mediated inhibition of the cytoprotective NF-κB pathway activated by HDACIs, and promotion of proteotoxic stress through simultaneous proteasome inhibition and disruption of aggresome formation and chaperone proteins, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Clinically, this combination may be closest to regulatory approval in MM, but represents a promising avenue of investigation in MCL, a relatively uncommon but challenging disease that has been the focus of much recent attention given Food and Drug Administration approvals in 2013 for the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide and the first-in-class Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ibrutinib. In this chapter, we discuss the mechanisms of action of and interactions between PIs and HDACIs with an MCL focus and review the relevant preclinical and clinical data.
Computational cultural neuroscience: implications for augmented cognition

From perceiving objects in space to recognizing emotions at a distance, culture affects how people think, feel, reason as well as the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these processes. Here I review recent evidence from cultural neuroscience, introduce the notion of computational cultural neuroscience - the development of computational and formal models of how culture affects neurobiological mechanisms and vice versa - and finally, discuss the implications of computational cultural neuroscience for research in augmented cognition.
Mantenga sus amigos cerca, pero a los enemigos lo más lejos posible: una mirada hacia Lesión Traumática en «El Padrino II»

Background: The Godfather Part II portrays the fictional Corleone family and its role in organized crime. The aims of this study are to describe the trauma and deaths portrayed in The Godfather Part II. Hypothesis: The hypotheses are that: a) male characters suffer more traumatic mechanism/death than females, b) more traumatic mechanisms occur in the second half of the film, and c) a higher percentage of traumatic mecha? nisms are penetrating. Methods: In this descriptive study, The Godfather Part II was viewed for incidents of significant traumatic mecha? nisms. Traumatic mechanisms were documented by time. Characters that died during the film were evaluated for type of mechanism and cause of death. Categorical comparisons were made with chi?square tests, using an ? = 0.05. Results: There were 27 traumatic mechanisms and 19 deaths. A total of 93% of the mechanisms involved male char? acters whereas 7% of the mechanisms involved female characters (p 0.05). Traumatic injury was the cause of death (p < 0.001). Penetrating injury was the most common cause of death overall. Conclusions: There are gender differences in the characters that suffer a traumatic mechanism and death in The Godfather Part II. A majority of deaths are from penetrating traumatic injuries.
Development and validation of a regional-scale high-resolution unstructured model for wave energy resource characterization along the US East Coast

Abstract Leveraging the high-performance computing capability at one of the US Department of Energy’s (USDOE) National Laboratories, an ultra-high-resolution Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model suitable for wave energy project feasibility studies is developed for the US East Coast Region. This model uses an unstructured mesh with a coastal resolution of 200 m. It is forced by Climate Forecast System Reanalysis wind fields with spatial and temporal resolutions of 0.312° and 1 h at the surface, and by wave parameters from the global WAVEWATCH III model along the model’s open boundaries. It is the first USDOE regional wave hindcast model for the US East Coast developed according to International Electrotechnical Commission standards for wave energy resource assessment and characterization. The present study focuses on the development and validation of this ultra-high resolution large-scale model, including source model selection, sensitivity studies, and model performance evaluation for a wave energy resource characterization application.
Pre-existing White Matter Hyperintensity Lesion Burden and Diagnostic Certainty of Transient Ischemic Attack.

Abstract Goals: There are no validated biomarkers that allow for reliable distinction between TIA and other transient neurological symptoms that mimic TIA. We sought to determine whether the degree of pre-existing white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesion burden relates to the diagnostic certainty of TIA in a cohort of patients presenting with transient neurological symptoms. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 144 consecutive patients with available brain MRI to quantify and normalize the WMH volume for brain atrophy (adjusted white matter hyperintensity [aWMHV]). We first stratified subjects to probable (n = 62) versus possible (n = 82) TIA as per existing guidelines. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to determine a critical aWMHV-threshold (7.8 mL) that best differentiated probable from possible TIA. We then further stratified patients with possible TIA to likely (n = 52) versus unlikely (n = 30) TIA after independent chart review and adjudication. Finally, multivariable logistic and multinomial regression was used to determine whether the defined aWMHV independently related to probable and likely TIA after adjustment for pertinent confounders. Findings: With the exception of age (P
Adverse Childhood Experiences in Infancy and Toddlerhood Predict Obesity and Health Outcomes in Middle Childhood.

Abstract Background: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study articulated the negative effects of childhood trauma on adult weight and health. The purpose of the current study is to examine t...
Influence of Peer Physicians on Intensity of End-of-Life Care for Cancer Decedents.

Background:The intensity of end-of-life care varies substantially both within and between areas. Differing practice patterns of individual physicians are likely influenced by their peers.Objective:To assess whether intensity of end-of-life care previously provided by a physician’s peers influences p
Putting Puerto Rico’s best (black) face forward: Ramón Rivero’s “Diplo” and racialized performances of liberation

Ramon Rivero was an immensely popular blackface performer in mid-twentieth-century Puerto Rico known for his character-turned-persona, Diplo. This laughter-inducing negrito created a vehicle for Rivero’s political critiques of US imperialism and humanitarianism. For many in Puerto Rico, this blackface persona was an enactment of Puerto Rican liberation that simultaneously “celebrated” and “included” blackness. In this essay, I draw on three recent performative citations of Diplo’s legacy to consider the lasting effects of blackface performance in Puerto Rico and the complicated racial, cultural and national politics that underlie the continued sanctioning of the racist appropriations through which Rivero gained fame and honor. I elucidate how anticolonial nationhood in Puerto Rico has historically been premised on the disembodiment—and thus dehumanization—of blackness, a practice to which performance gives continued life. Examining Diplo’s performative reappearances allows us to think collectively about the many beloved blackface personae today present in Latinx popular culture.
Nuclear structure of N 18 and the neighboring N = 11 isotones

The fusion-evaporation reaction $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$($^{11}\mathrm{B}$,$2p$) was used to populate excited states in $^{18}\mathrm{N}$. New gamma-ray transitions were added to the $^{18}\mathrm{N}$ level scheme. The mean lifetime of the first excited state was measured to be 582(165) ps and its transition rate to the ground state was determined to be $B(M1)=0.036(10)$ W.u. Shell model calculations in the full $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{sd}$ model space were used to investigate the low-lying configurations in $^{18}\mathrm{N}$ and in the $N=11$ isotones $^{17}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{19}\mathrm{O}$. It was found that the role of the proton-neutron interaction is important in determining the ground state and low-lying excited state properties. The ground state spin inversion in these isotones is attributed to the increased importance of the quadrupole relative to the pairing interaction and is discussed within the framework of a schematic pairing + quadrupole model.
Endoscopic resection of the third ventricular epidermoid cysts: A case review and review of literature.

Background Epidermoid cysts are benign, congenital lesions that originate from ectodermal cells, they are most commonly found in the cerebellopontine angle, but rarely in the ventricular system. There is limited literature regarding the different microsurgical techniques utilized to approach these lesions. Methods A 63-year-old female with a recurrent third ventricular epidermoid cyst underwent gross total resection utilizing an endoscopic technique. We also reviewed the various endoscopic/microsurgical approaches and outcomes reported in literature. Results We identified 15 cases, including our own. Nine of these were managed using microsurgical techniques, while six cases (including ours) were treated endoscopically; gross total resection was achieved in 10/15 cases (67%). Most commonly, surgeons utilized the interhemispheric transcallosal approach (five cases). Tumor recurrence was seen in two cases. Complications attributed to these resections included: disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (3) - diabetes insipidus, galactorrhea, and hypopituitarism; tumor recurrence (2); aseptic meningitis (1); and a transient Korsakoff syndrome (1). Conclusion Epidermoid cysts of the third ventricle are exceedingly rare, and surgical resection is generally well tolerated. Microsurgical transcortical, transcallosal, and endoscopic approaches each have advantages and disadvantages, and are associated with unique procedure-specific complications. Continuing technological improvement would favor endoscopic approaches for resection of tumors of the third ventricle in the future.
Information Newton's flow: second-order optimization method in probability space.

We introduce a framework for Newton's flows in probability space with information metrics, named information Newton's flows. Here two information metrics are considered, including both the Fisher-Rao metric and the Wasserstein-2 metric. A known fact is that overdamped Langevin dynamics correspond to Wasserstein gradient flows of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. Extending this fact to Wasserstein Newton's flows, we derive Newton's Langevin dynamics. We provide examples of Newton's Langevin dynamics in both one-dimensional space and Gaussian families. For the numerical implementation, we design sampling efficient variational methods in affine models and reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) to approximate Wasserstein Newton's directions. We also establish convergence results of the proposed information Newton's method with approximated directions. Several numerical examples from Bayesian sampling problems are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
2DImpute: imputation in single-cell RNA-seq data from correlations in two dimensions.

SUMMARY We developed 2DImpute, an imputation method for correcting false zeros (known as dropouts) in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. It features preventing excessive correction by predicting the false zeros and imputing their values by making use of the interrelationships between both genes and cells in the expression matrix. We showed that 2DImpute outperforms several leading imputation methods by applying it on datasets from various scRNA-seq protocols. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The R package of 2DImpute is freely available at GitHub (https://github.com/zky0708/2DImpute). CONTACT d.anastassiou@columbia.edu. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Calibration-Quality Cancer Nanotherapeutics

Nanoparticle properties such as size, shape, deformability, and surface chemistry all play a role in nanomedicine drug delivery in cancer. While many studies address the behavior of particle systems in a biological setting, revealing how these properties work together presents unique challenges on the nanoscale. “Calibration-quality” control over such properties is needed to draw adequate conclusions that are independent of parameter variability. Furthermore, active targeting and drug loading strategies introduce even greater complexities via their potential to alter particle pharmacokinetics. Ultimately, the investigation and optimization of particle properties should be carried out in the appropriate preclinical tumor model. In doing so, translational efficacy improves as clinical tumor properties increase. Looking forward, the field of nanomedicine will continue to have significant clinical impacts as the capabilities of nanoparticulate drug delivery are further enhanced.
Upgrading Optical Flow to 3D Scene Flow Through Optical Expansion

We describe an approach for upgrading 2D optical flow to 3D scene flow. Our key insight is that dense optical expansion – which can be reliably inferred from monocular frame pairs – reveals changes in depth of scene elements, e.g., things moving closer will get bigger. When integrated with camera intrinsics, optical expansion can be converted into a normalized 3D scene flow vectors that provide meaningful directions of 3D movement, but not their magnitude (due to an underlying scale ambiguity). Normalized scene flow can be further “upgraded” to the true 3D scene flow knowing depth in one frame. We show that dense optical expansion between two views can be learned from annotated optical flow maps or unlabeled video sequences, and applied to a variety of dynamic 3D perception tasks including optical scene flow, LiDAR scene flow, time-to-collision estimation and depth estimation, often demonstrating significant improvement over the prior art.
Role of higher-order inertia in modulating elastic wave dispersion in materials with granular microstructure

Abstract (Meta-) materials with granular microstructures exhibit nonlinear dispersive wave propagation, which is typically attributed to the presence of a microstructure. However, this behavior can arise from two additional sources in a linear non-dissipative system – the grain-scale or micromechanical characteristics and the grain-scale or micro-inertial characteristics. The microstructure, the grain-scale mechanical and the grain-scale inertial properties in combination may be designated as micro-mechano-morphology. From a continuum modeling viewpoint, the observed dispersion behavior that accounts for micro-mechano-morphology of materials with granular microstructures can be described using a granular micromechanics based micromorphic model (Nejadsadeghi and Misra 2019b, Misra and Poorsolhjouy 2016). Following the approach outlined in these works, we elaborate on the effect of micro-scale inertia upon the wave propagation behavior. The work is motivated by the observation of negative group velocity of optical waves seen in simulations using discrete models of granular media. We show that higher-order inertia is necessary for describing this phenomena using continuum models. We further show that this phenomena can be modulated by micro-scale mass density distributions, thus affecting the widths of potential frequency band-gaps, including the negative group velocity of the acoustic branch.
Correlates of Concurrent Morbid Obesity and Tobacco Use Disorder Nationally in the Veterans Health Administration.

The aim of this study was to examine health, demographic, and service utilization characteristics of veterans with multimorbid tobacco use disorder (TUD) and morbid obesity compared to those with e...
Approximation to multivariate normal integral and its application in time-dependent reliability analysis

Abstract It is common to evaluate high-dimensional normal probabilities in many uncertainty-related applications such as system and time-dependent reliability analysis. An accurate method is proposed to evaluate high-dimensional normal probabilities, especially when they reside in tail areas. The normal probability is at first converted into the cumulative distribution function of the extreme value of the involved normal variables. Then the series expansion method is employed to approximate the extreme value with respect to a smaller number of mutually independent standard normal variables. The moment generating function of the extreme value is obtained using the Gauss-Hermite quadrature method. The saddlepoint approximation method is finally used to estimate the cumulative distribution function of the extreme value, thereby the desired normal probability. The proposed method is then applied to time-dependent reliability analysis where a large number of dependent normal variables are involved with the use of the First Order Reliability Method. Examples show that the proposed method is generally more accurate and robust than the widely used randomized quasi Monte Carlo method and equivalent component method.
Gabor mode enrichment in large eddy simulations of turbulent flow

A turbulence enrichment model for subfilter-scale motions in large eddy simulations (LES) is comprehensively evaluated in the context of a posteriori analysis. The paper further develops the Gabor mode enrichment model first introduced in Ghate & Lele (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 819, 2017, pp. 494–539) by analysing three key requisites of LES enrichment using solenoidal small-scale velocity fields: (a) consistent spectral extrapolation and improvement of resolved single- and two-point second-order correlations; (b) ability to accurately capture the flow physics responsible for temporal decorrelation at small scales; and (c) accurate representation of spatially localized and intermittent interscale energy transfer between scales resolved by the coarse-grid LES and subfilter scales. We argue that the spatially and spectrally localized Gabor wavepackets offer an optimal basis to represent small-scale turbulence within quasi-homogeneous regions, although the alignment of fine-scale vorticity with large-scale strain appears to be somewhat overemphasized. Consequently, we interpret the resulting subfilter scales as those induced by a set of spatially dispersed Burgers–Townsend vortices with orientations determined by the larger scale velocity gradients resolved by the coarse-grid LES. Enrichment of coarse-grid simulations of two high Reynolds number flow configurations, homogeneous isotropic turbulence and a rough-wall turbulent boundary layer show promising results.
COVID-19 treatments and pathogenesis including anosmia in K18-hACE2 mice.

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although much has been learned in the first few months of the pandemic, many features of COVID-19 pathogenesis remain to be determined. For example, anosmia is a common presentation, and many patients with anosmia show no or only minor respiratory symptoms1. Studies in animals infected experimentally with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19, provide opportunities to study aspects of the disease that are not easily investigated in human patients. Although the severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to lethal2, most experimental infections provide insights into mild disease3. Here, using K18-hACE2 transgenic mice that were originally developed for SARS studies4, we show that infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes severe disease in the lung and, in some mice, the brain. Evidence of thrombosis and vasculitis was detected in mice with severe pneumonia. Furthermore, we show that infusion of convalescent plasma from a recovered patient with COVID-19 protected against lethal disease. Mice developed anosmia at early time points after infection. Notably, although pre-treatment with convalescent plasma prevented most signs of clinical disease, it did not prevent anosmia. Thus, K18-hACE2 mice provide a useful model for studying the pathological basis of both mild and lethal COVID-19 and for assessing therapeutic interventions.
A Face Can Launch a Thousand Shares (and a 0.80% Abnormal Return)

In this paper we examine the market reaction - price and volume - to the appearance of a firm in the Who's News column of the Wall Street Journal. We differentiate between those firms whose articles are accompanied by a picture of an executive and a control set of firms whose articles on the same day are not accompanied by a picture. The results show a more pronounced market reaction to the 'cum picture' articles, consistent with the incomplete information theory of Merton (1987) and the heuristic-based familiarity hypothesis. There is no evidence of significant long-run abnormal performance for the sample firms.
PAUL AT ATHENS: FRESH INSIGHTS

This paper discusses the challenges of Christian principles to adapt biblical message to today. It start with the growing trend toward individualism, and privatization of religion, violence and finally persecution. I will analyze the apologetics method in the famous speech given by the apostle Paul on Mars Hill, recorded in Acts 17:16-34. Then, finally making proposals on how Paul's approach to be used in the practice of today's Christian apologetics based on the challenges given above. KEYWORDS: Paul, privatization, faith, religion, apologetics, individualism.
Liquid Helium Rotational Reservoir Management in a 20 MVA Superconducting Generator

Recent extensive electrical, hydraulic, and mechanical testing of a 20 MVA superconducting generator provided valuable insights into the feasibility of applying cryogenic technology to future large-size central power plant generators. The test setup is shown in Figure 1. The rotor is a uniquely designed liquid helium (LHe) dewar with encapsulated NbTi superconducting racetrack windings encased in an aluminum support system.