cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying distinct heterochromatin regions using combinatorial epigenetic probes in live cells.

Abstract The 3D spatial organization of the genome controls gene expression and cell functionality. Heterochromatin (HC), which is the densely compacted and largely silenced part of the chromatin, is the driver for the formation and maintenance of nuclear organization in the mammalian nucleus. It is functionally divided into highly compact constitutive heterochromatin (cHC) and transcriptionally poised facultative heterochromatin (fHC). Long regarded as a static structure, the highly dynamic nature of the heterochromatin is being slowly understood and studied. These changes in HC occur on various temporal scales during the cell cycle and differentiation processes. Most methods that capture information about the heterochromatin are static techniques that cannot provide a readout of how the HC organization evolves with time. The delineation of specific areas such as fHC are also rendered difficult due to its diffusive nature and lack of specific features. Another degree of complexity in characterizing changes in heterochromatin occurs due to the heterogeneity in the HC organization of individual cells, necessitating single cell studies. Overall, there is a need for live cell compatible tools that can stably track the heterochromatin as it undergoes re-organization. In this work, we present an approach to track cHC and fHC based on the epigenetic hallmarks associated with them. Unlike conventional immunostaining approaches, we use small recombinant protein probes that allow us to dynamically monitor the HC by binding to modifications specific to the cHC and fHC, such as H3K9me3, DNA methylation and H3K27me3. We demonstrate the use of the probes to follow the changes in HC induced by drug perturbations at the single cell level. We also use the probe sets combinatorically to simultaneously track chromatin regions enriched in two selected epigenetic modifications using a FRET based approach that enabled us tracking distinctive chromatin features in situ.
Multi-objective unequal area pod-structured healthcare facility layout problem with daylight requirements

Abstract Outpatient clinic design can be optimized with a proposed mathematical model that formulates an Unequal Area Facility Layout Problem (UAFLP). The proposed non-linear multi-objective model maximizes natural daylight exposure and minimizes total walking distance for patients while considering constraints for modeling daylight, enabling a pod-structure, allowing for rotation of spaces, and ensuring accessibility to rooms within pods. This study identifies efficient algorithms that can tackle several inherent challenges of this NP-hard problem, including computational complexity and approximation of the area constraints for spaces with wide bounds. An adapted Genetic Algorithm for placement (GA-P) proved effective in solving the proposed multi-objective UAFLP model that estimated available daylight by using simulation–optimization. Sensitivity analysis conducted based on the experimental design indicates that the main factors affecting the algorithm’s performance are the selection mechanism for best Pareto point, number of spaces requiring lighting, and lighting dataset used. This adapted GA-P achieves better results than a Genetic Algorithm with continuous encoding of space coordinates (GA-C), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Simulated Annealing for Placement (SA-P) in terms of daylight exposure and travel distance for a multi-objective problem.
The Practical Side of Culinary Arts Education: The Role of Social Ability and Durable Knowledge in Culinary Arts Externships

As externships evolved from their vocational education roots into the university setting, both the course purposes and the expectations of student changed toward deeper learning. While the students’ responsibility for gaining knowledge has increased, teaching methods designed by educators to prepare students for more critically evaluated outcomes has not evolved at the same pace. Educators still grapple over how educational design can combine the structured teacher-centered learning strategy used in university classrooms with the learner-centered approach students typically utilize in for-profit culinary workplaces. This dissertation is about culinary externships in the urban environment. The study examined the roles, reasoning, and behavior of culinary externship stakeholders: student externs, externship sites via their externship supervisors, and educators who facilitate externships under the academic rules and guidelines of both culinary bachelor programs and the rigor demanded by higher education. Further, the study explored what factors encouraged and empowered students to acquire durable knowledge from their externship experiences and the forms of social capital they use to invest in their experience, as well as the conditions that failed to secure durable knowledge from the externship. The findings indicate that each stakeholder approaches an externship from their own working perspectives. Further, the ability of students to socialize, utilize agency to achieve their personal ends, bear the sole weight of evaluation, and acquire practical work experience prior to the externship yielded the best outcomes. Additional questions are posed and answered within the study.
A Bayesian Approach to Understanding Music Popularity

The Billboard Hot 100 has been the main record chart for popular music in the American music industry since its first official release in 1958. Today, this ranking is based upon the frequency of which a song is played on the radio, streamed online, and its sales. Over time, however, the limitations of the chart have become more pronounced and record labels have tried different strategies to maximize a song’s potential on the chart in order to increase sales and success. This paper intends to analyze metadata and audio analysis features from a random sample of one million popular tracks, dating back to 1922, and assess their potential on the Billboard Hot 100 list. We compare the results of Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) to other decision tree methods for predictive accuracy. Through the use of such trees, we can determine the interaction and importance of different variables over time and their effects on a single’s success on the Billboard chart. With such knowledge, we can assess and identify past music trends, and provide producers with the steps to create the ‘perfect’ commercially successful song, ultimately removing the creative artistry from music making.
A multiresolution finite element method using second generation Hermite multiwavelets

Publisher Summary Wavelet analysis of data has emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional signal processing techniques such as Fourier analysis. This is mainly because wavelet bases are compactly supported in time and can exactly represent polynomial data, enabling efficient multiresolution transformations. Many of these properties also make wavelets attractive as bases for the weak-form solution to PDEs as they can be used to efficiently represent solutions with sharp gradients or discontinuities. All finite element shape functions of the Lagrange family do in fact fall into the framework of second generation wavelets. This chapter describes the construction of second generation finite element multiwavelets of the Hermite family. It also discusses the fast wavelet transform for these bases, which are helpful in studying the static and dynamic response of an Euler beam. These bases are also helpful in evaluating several advantages offered by the multiresolution splitting of the governing operator, especially in applications, such as preconditioning and fast estimation of eigenvalues.
On networking multithreaded processor design: hardware thread prioritization

Packet processing applications in networking equipment must fulfil very high throughput requirements. At the same time, packet processing differentiation by means of packet classification, such as voice vs. e-mail, or DiffServ, must be obeyed. An efficient way to fulfil both requirements is to use numerous hardware threads combined with thread prioritization. This paper proposes a new thread prioritization method for a hardware multithreaded processor. The originality of the method is identified in the derivation mechanism of the thread priorities, which is based on inputs from three distinct sources; namely, the threads themselves, a control unit such as an operating system, and external sources such as timers or synchronization coprocessors. These sources are explicitly selected to fulfil the requirements of their distinct nature, namely software, middleware and hardware. The proposed method achieves the desired thread differentiation without hindering performance or increasing costs, as demonstrated by initial experimental results
Teaching Torture at the School of the Americas

A few years ago, the author of this article visited the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Old women carrying large photographs of their dead children marched around the square as they have done every Thursday since April 1977. One woman told the author how her 18-year-old daughter, clad in a nightgown, was abducted in the middle of the night. She had criticized government policies at the university. Her body was found near a creek. Other women related stories of how their children were "disappeared" and tortured. These mothers continue to demand that the Argentine government and military tell them what happened to their loved ones. During the time they were kidnapped, the United States supported the Argentine military dictatorship in its "Dirty War" of the late 1970s and early 1980s. During that time, Gen. Leopoldo Galtieri led the military junta in Argentina and some 30,000 people were "disappeared" and murdered. Many of those, and many thousands of others, were also tortured. General Galtieri was a graduate of the U.S. Army School of the Americas.The School of the Americas was established in 1946 in the Panama Canal Zone (originally called the "Latin American Training Center - Ground Division"). It was relocated in 1984 to Fort Benning, Georgia. Due to negative publicity, the School in 2001 was cosmetically renamed the "Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation." Since the School first opened, it has trained more than 59,000 military, police, and civilian officials from twenty-three Latin American and Caribbean countries. Many went on to disappear, torture, and murder their people. In fact, according to a 1995 Los Angeles Times editorial, "it is hard to think of a coup or human-rights outrage that has occurred in [Latin America] in the past 40 years in which alumni of the School for the Americas were not involved." This article discusses the insidious role of the School of the Americas in the modern practice of counterinsurgency and torture.
Communicating Governance: Will Plain English Drafting Improve Regulation?

It should come as no surprise that the Bush administration showed little interest in adopting Vice President Gore's ambitious, high profile National Performance Review (NPR) agenda. One area, however, where the Bush administration would do well to embrace the NPR's efforts is the plain language initiative. While it would be hyperbole to suggest that the NPR's efforts dramatically improved the clarity of the government's written communication (including statutes, regulations, policies, instructions, etc.), some progress was made. Yet it will take some time before a commitment to writing in plain, clear, precise English becomes a cultural (or governmental) norm. Even though the plain language movement lost its most well-placed executive branch advocate, champions outside the government may fill the void. In that context, Thomas A. Murawski's WRITING READABLE REGULATIONS is poised to make a valuable contribution. In addition to discussing the roots of the plain language movement and summarizing Murawski's approach to making governmental writing more accessible, this paper advocates for governmental investment in clarity in communication. To the extent that cost-benefit analysis only recently achieved prominence in our administrative state, it seems disingenuous to argue that the marginal cost of clear communication is not worth the investment. In a democracy, it is a shame that clear communication remains an aspiration, rather than a norm.
The Vulnerable Self: Enabling the Recognition of Racial Inequality

This chapter is a descriptive account of a disposition that promotes the recognition of racial oppression. Insofar as white supremacy conditions whites to not see racial injustice, they are discouraged from recognizing white racism; as a result, disagreement on matters regarding race and racism often falls along the color line with a typical black view that accounts for racism and a typical white view that often does not. It is therefore unlikely that more evidence will convince whites of the fact of racial oppression. It seems reasonable, then, to turn to the self and reveal what character disposition enables the recognition of racial oppression despite conditioning. I propose that selves who are dispositionally vulnerable are able to recognize racial inequality. Dispositional vulnerability is an awareness of self dependence on others for understanding and respect, and an awareness, in turn, of the other’s dependence for understanding and respect. Whether dispositional vulnerability is cultivated or conditioned, it promotes understanding across group differences like privilege and subordination and contributes to an atmosphere in which people feel compelled to understand and cooperate with one another.
Biomechanics of patient specific abdominal aortic aneurysms: computational analysis of fluid flow

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs) are located in the abdominal segment of the aorta, the majority below the renal arteries and above the iliac artery bifurcation. The associated mortality and morbidity rates have risen concomitantly in the last few years, despite significant improvements in surgical procedures and technological advancements in imaging devices. AAAs are a health risk of significant importance since they are largely asymptomatic until the onset of rupture, an event that carries an overall mortality rate in the 80% to 90% range. Aneurysm rupture is a biomechanical phenomenon that occurs when the mechanical stress acting on the inner wall exceeds the failure strength of the diseased aortic tissue. Since the internal mechanical forces are initiated and maintained by the dynamic action of blood flow within the aneurysm, the hemodynamics and wall mechanics of AAAs are important elements of study for the characterization of the biomechanical environment of aneurysms. It is the purpose of this work to perform fluid flow analysis on a patient specific aneurysm model. The results are compared to those of the static stress analysis performed on the same model.
A patient with Gorlin-Chaudhry-Moss syndrome and del(9)(q22.1q22.3)

We report a patient with a rare 9q deletion and features of Gorlin-Chaudhry-Moss syndrome (GCM). At age 3, the patient presented with acrocephaly, small maxilla, low frontal hairline, two occipital hair whorls, epicanthal folds, hypotelorism and prominent eyes with strabismus and nystagmus, and oval irides. She also had synophrys, low set ears, a tuft of hair on her nose, cleft tip of the nose, thin upper lip, downtumed corners of the mouth, high arched palate, webbing between the gums and buccal mucosa, wide alveolar ridge and dental anomalies including fusion of some teeth, mild pectus excavatum, 5th finger clinodactyly, left transverse palmar crease, short 4th metacarpals, overlapping toes 2-3, and thoracic scoliosis. She had persistent rhinorrhea and serous otitis media requiring PE tubes. She was not walking or talking. Karyotype was 46, XX, del(9)(q22.1q22.3). Mother's karyotype was normal and father was unavailable. CT scan identified agenesis of the corpus callosum. At age 21 she had moderate mental retardation and spoke in short phrases with unclear speech. Numerous scars on her arms were secondary to skin picking. Surgeries included spinal fusion with Harrington rod placement and removal of 5 odontogenic cysts. Right retinal detachment and cataract had occurred and she continued to have rhinorrhea and serous otitis. Acrocephaly, coarse facies, shallow orbits with prominent eyes, oval irides, synophrys, right ptosis, midface hypoplasia, prominent chin, hypodontia, short 4th metacarpals, and hypoplastic and dysplastic finger and toenails were noted. GCM was first reported in sisters with craniofacial dysostosis, hypertrichosis, dental and eye anomalies, patent ductus arteriosus, and mental retardation. Other features included short 4th metacarpals and distal phalanges. Two other unrelated females have been identified and all four patients had hypertrichosis, low frontal hairline, conductive hearing loss, and coarsening of facial features with time. Autosomal recessive inheritance was postulated. We are unaware of other subjects with this deletion though 9q22-q32 deletions have been reported to have mental retardation, seizures, hypotelorism, sclerocornea, duodenal atresia, malrotation, hydronephrosis, preaxial polydactyly and syndactyly of the toes. Our findings suggest that GCM may represent a contiguous gene syndrome residing within the 9q22.1-q22.3 segment. Our patient's more severe mental retardation may be secondary to deletion of other genes on 9q.
Capsule Commentary on Percac-Lima et al., Decreasing Disparities in Breast Cancer Screening in Refugee Women Using Culturally-tailored Patient Navigation

This retrospective study conducted by Percac-Lima et al.1 evaluated the impact of providing linguistically and culturally concordant patient navigation for female refugees ages 40–74 from Somalia, the Middle East and Bosnia on reducing disparities in breast cancer screening at an urban health center. Eligible patients (188) received a letter followed by phone or in-person contact by a patient navigator. Navigated patients were provided education, assistance with barriers and appointments for mammograms. Mammography rates increased in all three groups of refugee women, becoming comparable with rates of English and Spanish-speaking women receiving care at the same center. Disturbingly, the greatest increase in screening occurred in the 40–50-year-old population, a group for which there is no evidence of mammography benefit. An intervention that markedly increases potentially inappropriate medical care may not be a desired outcome. It would also be desirable to have included cost data, to assist healthcare system decision makers in considering economic as well as clinical value when deciding whether to adopt patient navigation. Translation of research to practice increasingly needs to include such analyses as systems face tighter and tighter fiscal constraints. Patient Navigation is a promising intervention to address health disparities among vulnerable populations. This study is one of several that has shown improvement with culturally tailored, language-concordant patient navigation in breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening rates among hard-to-reach populations including refugees, low income, and racially and ethnically diverse patients.2–5 Other health disparity populations, such as patients with behavioral health issues and disabilities, may also benefit from patient navigation. As the US population becomes more diverse, it is a challenge for fragmented healthcare delivery systems to provide patient-centered, cross-cultural care. However, even if ideal, matching patient navigators with patients who share particular characteristics may not be a feasible or sustainable means to achieve health equity. Additional research is required to assess what is feasible and most effective in reducing health disparities in this environment of limited resources in order to inform national health policy. These research studies can be helpful by including cost measures and analyses to evaluate the economic value of patient navigation interventions.
Learning in the Dimension of Otherness: A Tool for Insight and Empowerment.

The pivotal cultural stories of our lives, the scripts, become the conscious and unknown markers that help us to find our way throughout our existence, showing us how to teach, to learn, and to survive.
The effect of interphase toughness on fibre/fibre interaction in graphite/epoxy composites: an experimental and modelling study

Fibre/fibre interaction in composite materials is a very important micromechanical phenomenon that dictates the composite mechanical behaviour especially the toughness and failure process. A number of models have been developed to predict the fibre/fibre interaction in composite materials, but none of the existing models has considered the effect of interphase toughness on fibre/fibre interaction. In this study, micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS), with the ability to measure strain in graphite fibres with a spatial resolution of 2 µm, was used to measure fibre/fibre interaction in graphite/epoxy model composites with three different interphases. An energy-based model was used to calculate the strain energy release rate (Gi) for the three interphases used in this study. The three interphases, unsized, sized, and PMMA coated, yielded strain energy release rates of 40, 30, and 10 J m−2 respectively. Using the values calculated for strain energy release rate of the interphase and interfacial crack length, the energy-based model predicated stress concentration factor values in agreement with those experimentally measured. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of a national integrity system in fighting corruption

(1997). The role of a national integrity system in fighting corruption. Commonwealth Law Bulletin: Vol. 23, No. 1-2, pp. 499-528.
Effect of inter-layer dwell time on distortion and residual stress in additive manufacturing of titanium and nickel alloys

Abstract In situ measurements of the accumulation of distortion during additive manufacturing (AM) of titanium and nickel base alloys are made as a function of changes in dwell time between the deposition of individual layers. The inclusion of dwell times between individual layers to allow for additional cooling during the deposition process is a common technique utilized in AM processes. Experimental observations made here in Inconel ® 625 laser deposited builds show that the accumulation of distortion occurs with a consistent trend over the course of the builds and both distortion and residual stress levels decrease with increasing dwell times from 0 to 40 s. On the other hand, changes in dwell time for the Ti–6Al–4V laser deposited builds have a significant impact on the accumulation of distortion, with shorter and no dwell times minimizing the distortion accumulation and even reducing it over a range of build heights. These shorter dwell times also produce builds with significantly lower residual stress and distortion levels, particularly when no dwell time is applied. Based on these results, the materials to be deposited should be considered when developing appropriate path planning schedules.
Common interests bind AGU and geophysical groups around the globe

In continuation of our work to strengthen alliances with key organizations in the Earth and space science community, AGU president Michael McPhaden, president-elect Carol Finn, and I held a series of meetings with leaders from other science societies during the 2011 Fall Meeting. Over the course of 2 days we met with leaders from the Geophysical Society of America, European Geosciences Union, Japan Geosciences Union, Ethiopian Geophysical Union, Asia Oceania Geosciences Society, Chinese Geophysical Society, and Asociacion Latinoamericana de Geofisica Espacial. This gave us a valued opportunity to discuss the common interests and challenges we all face and to learn from each other's experience. The meetings allowed AGU to strengthen existing cooperative agreements and reach new levels of understanding between us and other societies. Additionally, we met with representatives from the Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute to discuss their intention to establish a geophysical union modeled after AGU.
Connecting forest ecosystem and microwave backscatter models

A procedure is outlined to connect data obtained from active microwave remote sensing systems with forest ecosystem models. The hierarchy of forest ecosystem models is discussed, and the levels at which microwave remote sensing data can be used as inputs are identified. In addition, techniques to utilize forest ecosystem models to assist in the validation of theoretical microwave backscatter models are identified. Several examples to illustrate these connecting processes are presented.
Ethanol self-administration in water satiated rats

Abstract The effects of water deprivation on acquisition of oral ethanol-reinforced responding by rats were studied. Rats previously trained to lever press for water responded for oral ethanol (8% W/V) as readily when water satiated as when water deprived. Though water deprivation was initially associated with high ethanol intake, on subsequent water satiation ethanol intake was comparable. The effects of Fixed-Interval (FI) schedules of ethanol reinforcement were also studied. The portion of the session occupied by ethanol-reinforced responding varied directly with FI parameter value. The volume of ethanol consumed varied inversely with FI value.
Ageing, auditory distraction, and grammaticality judgement

Background: Auditory distraction is known to affect serial recall (irrelevant sound effect), but there has been limited study about the effect of distraction on performance of more complex metalinguistic tasks, particularly as cognitive performance declines with normal ageing. The inhibitory deficit theory offers an explanation for this decline in performance with ageing, suggesting that older adults have difficulty limiting access of irrelevant information to attentional resources. Recent imaging data provide physiological evidence for changes that are seen with normal ageing. Aims: This study compared the effect of three levels of auditory distraction on judgement of well-formedness for grammatical and ungrammatical passive sentences varied by length (padding) and semantic reversibility, in younger and older normal adults. Methods & Procedures: Younger (n = 20; mean age 22.23) and older (n = 10; mean age 67.11) adults silently read sentences varied as above, presented in their entirety on a computer scr...
The importance of a priori sample size estimation in strength and conditioning research.

The statistical power, or sensitivity of an experiment, is defined as the probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis. Only 3 factors can affect statistical power: (a) the significance level ([alpha]), (b) the magnitude or size of the treatment effect (effect size), and (c) the sample size (n). Of these 3 factors, only the sample size can be manipulated by the investigator because the significance level is usually selected before the study, and the effect size is determined by the effectiveness of the treatment. Thus, selection of an appropriate sample size is one of the most important components of research design but is often misunderstood by beginning researchers. The purpose of this tutorial is to describe procedures for estimating sample size for a variety of different experimental designs that are common in strength and conditioning research. Emphasis is placed on selecting an appropriate effect size because this step fully determines sample size when power and the significance level are fixed. There are many different software packages that can be used for sample size estimation. However, I chose to describe the procedures for the G*Power software package (version 3.1.4) because this software is freely downloadable and capable of estimating sample size for many of the different statistical tests used in strength and conditioning research. Furthermore, G*Power provides a number of different auxiliary features that can be useful for researchers when designing studies. It is my hope that the procedures described in this article will be beneficial for researchers in the field of strength and conditioning.
Efficiently speeding up sequential computation through the n-way programming model

With core counts on the rise, the sequential components of applications are becoming the major bottleneck in performance scaling as predicted by Amdahl's law. We are therefore faced with the simultaneous problems of occupying an increasing number of cores and speeding up sequential sections. In this work, we reconcile these two seemingly incompatible problems with a novel programming model called N-way. The core idea behind N-way is to benefit from the algorithmic diversity available to express certain key computational steps. By simultaneously launching in parallel multiple ways to solve a given computation, a runtime can just-in-time pick the best (for example the fastest) way and therefore achieve speedup.Previous work has demonstrated the benefits of such an approach but has not addressed its inherent waste. In this work, we focus on providing a mathematically sound learning-based statistical model that can be used by a runtime to determine the optimal balance between resources used and benefits obtainable through N-way. We further describe a dynamic culling mechanism to further reduce resource waste.We present abstractions and a runtime support to cleanly encapsulate the computational-options and monitor their progress. We demonstrate a low-overhead runtime that achieves significant speedup over a range of widely used kernels. Our results demonstrate super-linear speedups in certain cases.
Fundamental Design Issues Related To Shape Memory Alloy Composites

Shape memory alloy (SMA) reinforced composites are a relatively new class of adaptive materials. The composites employ shape memory alloy fibers or films as distributed actuators to achieve adaptive functions while in service. In order to use this material reliably and exploit its potential, it is necessary to understand several of its thermomechanical characteristics. In this paper two fundamental design issues of the SMA reinforced composites, i.e., mechanical response of the SMA reinforced graphite/epoxy under tensile loading and qualitative examination of the interfacial bond between actuator fibers and matrices, are briefly described. The experimental methodologies and test results are presented and discussed.
Use and misuse of smoke detectors in residential areas

This study examined the use and misuse of home smoke detectors in three cities in the United Stales: Dayton, Ohio, Union City, New Jersey, and San Francisco, California. A sample of 300 households, 100 in each city, were reached in telephone interviews which were concluded with a request to test the smoke detector. For the sample, 86% had a smoke detector, and 73% of those smoke detectors were working. Neither the presence of children or whether the smoke detector was preinstalled or purchased and installed by the homeowner were associated with the likelihood of owning a smoke detector or its operating condition. However, ownership Varied between cities; 98% of respondents owned detectors in Dayton, OH compared to 72% in San Francisco, CA. Belief that smoke detectors were in good operating condition was strongly correlated with their actual state. Whether the detector was maintained in-house and the interaction between city and whether it was purchased by the resident were also significantly related to whether a smoke detector was working.
Imaging Forming Planetary Systems: The HST/STIS Legacy and Prospects for Future Missions

The first indication that debris and protoplanetary disks associated with other, young planetary systems were sufficiently nearby to image came with the IRAS detection of infrared excesses around $\beta$ Pic, Vega, Fomalhaut, and $\epsilon$ Eri. Moving beyond analysis of the infrared excess to optical and near-IR imaging requires access to high Strehl ratio and high contrast imaging techniques, with the ability to efficiently reject the residual scattered and diffracted light from the star to reveal the fainter scattered light and circumstellar emission originating from the vicinity of the star. HST/STIS imaging studies have made use of incomplete Lyot coronagraphic imaging modes to reveal the warped, inner disk of $\beta$ Pic, provide the highest spatial resolution images of young debris disk systems such as HR 4796A, have revealed the presence of azimuthally symmetric structure in HD 141569 and HD 163296, and have demonstrated that currently active, collimated outflows survive to higher stellar masses than previously expected, and through more of the star's pre-main sequence lifetime than anticipated. The HST/STIS coronagraphic imaging legacy will be discussed, together with the implications for future NIR and optical high contrast imaging capabilities.
The effect of re-establishment of circulation in completely ischemic kidneys upon the blood pressure of cats, dogs, and rats

Abstract In 1938, Taquini 1 reported that, when the kidney of a dog is made completely ischemic, re-establishment of the renal circulation is followed by a rise in blood pressure. In a previous study, 2 it was found that the expected rise in blood pressure did not occur in rabbits following the termination of complete renal ischemia which had lasted four to six hours. At that time, the only way to account for the difference in the response of dogs and rabbits was to assume a species variation. Because of the negative response in rabbits, it seemed desirable to extend these observations to other animals; in this communication we are reporting the effects upon the blood pressure of re-establishment of the circulation of ischemic kidneys in cats, dogs, and rats.
Residential development in an open city

Abstract This paper investigates the residential development process using a dynamic model of an open city. The model is used to analyze how the density and timing of development at various sites respond to changes in exogenous trajectories and functions. In particular, the impact of income and equilibrium utility trajectory variations as well as transportation and construction cost changes are evaluated for the general model with no specific functional forms assumed. Sufficient conditions for predicted responses are derived and interpreted.
Weyl's Theorem for Algebraically Paranormal Operators

Let T be an algebraically paranormal operator acting on Hilbert space. We prove : (i) Weyl’s theorem holds for f(T) for every f $\in$ H(σ(T)); (ii) a-Browder’s theorem holds for f(S) for every S $\prec$ T and f $\in$ H(σ(S)); (iii) the spectral mapping theorem holds for the Weyl spectrum of T and for the essential approximate point spectrum of T.
Parallel processing on heterogeneous networks for GIS applications

Abstract The use of network-based parallel computing is gaining an increasing popularity for different reasons. Its exploitation depends on the availability of simple but effective methodologies to parallelize applications, and the availability of portable and efficient communication libraries to develop parallel programs. These two items are necessary to obtain performance advantages, and to ensure software portability and reusability. In this paper we present our experience in parallelizing, in a systematic way, a class of Geographical Information Systems applications. We discuss the use of two well-known communication libraries (PVM and Linda). Performance results are also reported.
Study of the effects of laser radiation on epoxy resins and epoxy systems on stone, ceramic, and glass surfaces

Abstract A systematic study of the effects of Nd:YAG laser energy, at three wavelengths (1064, 532, and 355 nm) and Er:YAG laser at 2940 nm, on different epoxy resins and epoxy systems was performed. The tests on the study of the effect of laser energy on epoxy resins had two major goals. One focused on the influence that lasers may have during a cleaning process of art objects that contain epoxy resins. The other aim was to investigate possibilities for using lasers to remove epoxy resins from art objects. Two epoxy resins, Hxtal NYL-1 (clear) and Araldite AY103 with hardener HY991 (slightly yellow), were prepared as pure films as well as in mixtures with chalk, titanium white, microballoons, and charcoal. These materials were applied to different stone, ceramic, and glass substrates. Evaluations of the results were made with a combination of surface science and visual examination. The tests have shown that at least at high laser energy all the tested wavelengths of laser light had visual effects on both epoxy resins, which were primarily visible as discolorations and etched surfaces. Different wavelengths initiated different material alterations, for example, variations in the color of the alteration products. Additional to the laser wavelength, the characteristic of each of the components of the material irradiated influenced the laser induced reaction.
A magmatic heat pump

The structures of igneous cumulates can provide valuable clues to inaccessible magmatic processes. Many mafic layers in the Rhum Intrusion have ‘finger structures’1–3 that protrude into the overlying felsic rocks. These structures are attributable to melting of the overlying olivine–feldspar rocks by hot mafic magma emplaced as sills4. The bases of mafic layers contain smooth-bottomed olivine cumulates. Here I show that the heat needed to melt the roof of the layer is carried by rapidly rising light solute released by growth of basal olivine crystals that were deposited by two phase-convection. Compositional convection therefore drives a heat pump transfering heat of fusion from remote growing crystals to those that are melting. This action contrasts with cooling under a refractory roof, which is conduction-limited. The heat pumping principle shows why ultramafic magmas may melt their roofs whereas felsic magmas tend to form upper border zones.
Reinventing continuing medical education.

In 2003, two significant reports confirmed large gaps in the quality of American health care. McGlynn found that Americans receive recommended services only 54.9% of the time, and the first National Healthcare Quality Report demonstrated a similar “chasm” between evidence-based and actual care.1,2 Both reports confirmed that the gaps in delivery of evidence-based preventive services are comparable in size to those in delivery of other services. Sadly enough, this is old news. Questions prompted by these and other …
Ecophysiological responses of Chihuahuan desert grasses to fire

To better understand the effects of fire in the Chihuahuan desert, gas exchange characteristics of two dominant grass species, Bouteloua eriopoda and Aristida purpurea, and soil nitrogen availability were studied in response to prescribed fire at the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. Burned and unburned plant individuals were measured before and after fire. Rates of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were highest in burned individuals, with those of A. purpurea exceeding B. eriopoda. Soil nitrogen supply rates increased compared to unburned controls. Similar to other grasslands where fire is common, physiological characteristics of vegetation responded positively. These adaptations indicate that fire may be beneficial in the preservation and restoration of native grasses.
Who is a Sikh?: The Problem of Sikh Identity

What is Sikhism? the Nanak-panth the Khalsa and its Rahit the Khalsa in the 18th century the Singh Sabha reformation definition by legislation who is a Sikh?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting with Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis and Seizure during Pregnancy

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare multisystem disease with a wide array of presentation and is a diagnostic challenge during pregnancy. A 20-year-old gravida 1 at 39 weeks' gestation was referred to our hospital for elevated blood pressure, headache, and history of seizure. She was admitted with the impression of severe preeclampsia. Intravenous magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis and oxytocin for induction of labor were started. Primary lower-segment cesarean section was performed for nonreassuring fetal heart tracing. The postoperative course was complicated with fever requiring prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy, appearance of violaceous skin lesions on the periungual areas of fingers and toes, recurrent seizures, and altered sensorium. Biopsy of the lesions revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) with thrombi. Laboratory workup confirmed SLE with a dramatic improvement of the patient's condition upon initiating intravenous steroid therapy. LCV and neuropsychiatric SLE are rare presentations of SLE during pregnancy, and obstetricians should be aware of them. Workup for SLE is warranted in cases with atypical presentation of preeclampsia that does not resolve with delivery.
Milk enzymes: their role and significance.

Abstract Enzymes are delicate organic catalysts produced by living cells, either animal or plant, but work independently from the cells that produce them. They do not necessarily remain at the site of production but are often transported to the site of action through the circulatory systems. Enzymes can be differentiated from other catalysts on the basis of their specificity, chemical nature, and sensitivity. An important characteristic of an enzyme is a strict specificity of the reaction it can catalyze. Enzyme specificity is a vital biological phenomenon for metabolic order and for life itself since, without specificity, every enzyme would degrade haphazardly and indiscriminately every component of the life-giving cell material. Enzymes are proteins, and they function within a narrow pH and temperature range. In general, they are fairly sensitive to heat.
Allocation of accumulated resources among close kin: Inheritance in Sacramento, California, 1890–1984

Abstract We analyze the legacies of 1538 testate decedents from Sacramento, California 1890–1984. Spouse and/or children received an average 92% of the state. The few women who were survived by a spouse more often excluded their husbands in favor of their children than did husbands exclude wives. We explain this difference in spousal treatment in terms of the reproductive potential of the two sexes at the average age of death. Fathers and mothers without spouses bequeathed the majority of assets to children. Seventy-one percent of parents with two or more children treated them absolutely equally. Sex ratio among offspring was equal. There was no evidence of a general sex preference or a wealth by sex-preference interaction. Decedents with two or more daughters treated them more equitably than did decedents with two or more sons— additional evidence that treatment of daughters is less subject to environmental and individual variation than is the treatment of sons. Decedents without biological children treated adopted children like biological children. Smaller legacies to the few adopted children in families with biological children can be explained by increased sibship size.
Palaeontology. Australia's last giants.

The huge creatures that once roamed Australia were wiped out at about the same time. From the latest analyses, these extinctions look more than ever to be a matter of not what but who dunnit.
Survivorship, development, and DNA damage in echinoderm embryos and larvae exposed to ultraviolet radiation (290–400 nm)

Laboratory experiments utilizing ecologically relevant irradiances of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) known to occur in shallow Gulf of Maine waters were conducted on the planktonic embryos and larvae of two common benthic echinoids; the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis and the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma. Significant decreases in survivorship were observed in freshly fertilized embryos of both species with greater mortality in E. parma that was associated with the absence of UVR-absorbing compounds, the mycosporine-like amino acids. Experiments on blastula, gastrula, and prism larval stages of S. droebachiensis also showed significant decreases in survivorship, delays in development, and abnormal embryos and larvae associated with exposure to UVR. Additionally, all developmental stages of S. droebachiensis experimentally exposed to UVR resulted in significant increases in DNA damage, measured as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photoproducts. The observed delays in early cleavage and subsequent developmental stages for S. droebachiensis are correlated with DNA damage. It is postulated that cell cycle arrest at critical checkpoints after DNA damage, mediated by a suite of cell cycle genes, is a component of the observed UVR induced developmental delays.
DIFFUSE BILATERAL METANEPHRIC ADEMONA COMPLICATING DIFFUSE RENAL MALFORMATION

Bilateral renal wedge biopsies of a 2 month old male infant presenting with failure to thrive and uremia showed diffuse renal malformation with nicrocystic tubular dilatation and fetal-type glomeruli, a few showing glomerulosclerosis. Only in retrospective studies were 2 microscopic fuel of nodular renal blastema found. Kidneys removed at 7 years of age after renal transplantation showed a histologically benign monomorphous neoplasm compromised predominantly of microtubular structures with psammoma bodies (diffuse metanephric adenomatosis). Primitive blastema or stromal elements typical of Wilms' tumor were absent. There was no evidence of extrarenal extension. Nodular renal blastema and derivatives have been described in association with the highly malignant Wilms' tumor. The diffuse lesion in our patient resembles both the focal lesion derived from renal blastema described by Bove et al (Cancer 24, 323, 1969) (metanephric hamartoma) and a diffuse psammomatous Wilms' tumor described by Chatten (Pers. Ped. Path., Vol. III, 1976). The lesion in this patient demonstrated no malignant potential after 7 years and appears to be a benign neoplasm in the Wilms' tumor spectrum.
Elastic ep scattering and the Weizsäcker-Williams approximation

Abstract We derive a general expression for the total cross section of the production of an arbitrary multi-particle state, X, in elastic ep scattering, ep→Xp, which depends on two invariants associated with the subprocess eγ ∗ →X . From this we extract a modified Weizsacker-Williams distribution appropriate for elastic ep scattering. We apply these results to study associated νW production at future ep colliders.
Metabolism of a model environmental carcinogen by bivalve molluscs

Abstract Bivalve molluscs have been used as monitors of marine pollution because they concentrate xenobiotics of many kinds in their tissues. Marine pollutants often produce stress responses such as reduced scope for growth, lysosomal destabilization, altered immune responsiveness and other sequelae. The ability of bivalves to metabolize organic compounds via mixed-function oxygenases (MFO) was demonstrated by the epoxidation of aldrin 1 and benzo[ a ]pyrene (BP); 2 this work has been corroborated and extended in many subsequent studies. Biotransformation of BP and other environmental procarcinogens can generate either activated or detoxified metabolites. In this paper the BP metabolites produced by digestive gland homogenates of the clam ( Mercenaria mercenaria ) and the oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ) are described. Control bivalves produced the proximate carcinogen (BP 7,8-dihydrodiol), as well as various minimally reactive BP diols and monohydroxylated metabolites. Seven days after injection of the potent inducer of mammalian MFO, Aroclor 1254, BP 7,8-diol production was augmented in Mercenaria , and atypical quinones and phenols were seen in both species. However, in the Ames bacterial mutagenicity assay, homogenates from Aroclor-treated clams failed to activate benzo[ a ]pyrene. The biological significance of BP metabolism in bivalves is unknown; however, it may prove to be a useful index of pollution.