cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Welfare workers' cultural models of domestic violence

ABSTRACTDespite progress in policies and services for domestic violence, service use remains lower than the need suggests. This study, an analysis from a larger project on social service providers, examines welfare workers' shared beliefs about domestic violence. Using a mixed method design utilizing pile sorts (n = 38; 11 child welfare and 29 financial assistance), a survey (n = 57; 24 child welfare and 33 financial assistance), and in-depth interviews (n = 3; two child welfare and one financial assistance)—workers organized their ideas about factors that contribute to domestic violence, rated the factors along key dimensions of meaning (importance, controllability, characteristics of victims or perpetrators, and cause or effect), and shared experiences of their work with domestic violence cases. Financial assistance and child welfare workers organized their beliefs similarly demonstrating consensus on the importance of the factors, and shared beliefs about the factors that were causes and effects of dom...
Detection on Antibody Level of Rubella and Epidemic Mumps in Fangzi District of Weifang City

[Objective]To study the antibody level and natural infection status of rubella and epidemic mumps among healthy population in Fangzi district of Weifang city.[Methods]843 serum specimen were collected from 1～≥70-year-old healthy population,the antibody of rubella and epidemic mumps were detected by haemagglutination Inhibition test(HI).[Results]Among 843 serum specimens,antibody positive rate of rubella was 83.51% and geometric mean titer(GMT) was 1 ∶93.96.Among 834 serum specimen,antibody positive rate of mumps was 71.46% and GMT was 1 ∶4.76.[Conclusion]Because the infection rate of rubella and epidemic mumps of children under 5 years was 58.64% and 38.58% respectively,it is suggest to carry out the supplementary immunization of rubella and epidemic mumps among children under 5 years.
Epidemic Features of Category B Infectious Disease in Xindu District,Chengdu,2007-2011

Objective To analyze epidemic features of Category B infectious disease in Xindu district, Chengdu city from2007to 2011,and to provide scientific references for prevention and control strategies.Methods Descriptive method was applied to analyze the data of Category B infectious disease in Xindu district during 2007-2011.Results A total of 7 385 cases belonging to 15 Category B disease were reported in Xindu district during the period.The annual average incidence rate was 219.33/105, with the lowest incidence in 2009(177.20/105)and the highest in 2007(264.61/105);the annual average mortality rate was 0.71/105.The top five highest incidence disease were respectively pulmonary tuberculosis,hepatitis B,syphilis,bacillary dysentery and gonorrhea.The major infectious diseases with high mortality rate were pulmonary tuberculosis,rabies and AIDS.The infectious diseases with a ascending incidence were respectively blood and sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis,viral hepatitis C and AIDS.The infectious diseases with a declining incidence were respectively pulmonary tuberculosis,bacillary dysentery,measles and viral hepatitis A hepatitis.Conclusion The overall incidence of Category B infectious disease presents a declining trend through 2007-2011.More efforts should be put on the high-incidence diseases and diseases with ascending incidence.
VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS MORPHOGENESIS IS ACCOMPANIED BY COVALENT PROTEIN MODIFICATIONS

We report here that covalent modifications of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins increase as these proteins assemble into nucleocapsids and virus particles. Phosphorylation was the major alteration seen in nucleocapsid protein NS, but other changes contributed to charge variation in nucleocapsid protein N. Phosphorylated forms of the G, N, and M proteins were detected in virions, but not within infected cells, indicating that these proteins are modified at the time of virus budding from the cell surface. These post-translational alterations in protein structure may regulate steps in the maturation of the virus.
Exploring the Trust Question in the Midst of Public Management Reforms

This article explored the dynamics of interpersonal trust relationship between political appointees and career managers. Premised on the contemporary public management reforms at the state level, the article found a relatively limited level of interpersonal trust from the perspectives of career managers, and that correlated positively with managerial variables such as flexibility of discretion, participatory management, communication, and commitment. A simple regression analysis, complemented with qualitative data analysis, revealed that managerial variables such as flexibility of discretion, communication, and length of service have significant implications for a trustful relationship between political officeholders and career public managers, accounting for 52% of the variance in the regression model. Juxtaposing the states that have adopted radical civil service reforms and those with moderate reforms, the article found that career managers operating under the two models did not express significant dif...
The President and the Public: Inaugural Addresses in American History

This article examines presidential inaugural addresses to gain a perspective on the changing relationship between the people and the presidency throughout American political history. The analysis suggests three distinct models of inaugural address—constitutional, party, and plebiscitary—each articulating a different understanding of presidential leadership and the relationship between the presidency and the people. The constitutional presidents see themselves largely as restrained, constitutional officers with a minimal relationship to the people. The party model yields a role for the president which is more tied to the people's will, especially as expressed through party. Even though tied more strongly to the public, party presidents recognize constitutional limits on their roles and powers. Plebiscitary presidents often eschew party affiliation and the guise of constrained constitutional officer, and cast themselves as engines of the American political system fully tied to public opinion. Plebiscitary p...
The Internet and Multimedia Cartography

Cartography has always been subject to changes in technology. The particular change in the way maps are delivered to map user that began about a decade ago can be seen as a revolution. We are still adjusting to this rapid change. The research that is summarized here reflects this adaptation to a new medium. Clearly, there is much research yet to accomplish before the use of the Internet can be mastered by cartographers.
Research On Electric And Magnetic Fields (EMF) : An Update On The State Of The Science

Research on possible health effects of electric and magnetic fields (EMF) has been conducted for more than two decades. During the past decade, the focus has been on possible associations of magnetic field exposure with cancer. The effort to clarify the possible health risk of EMF exposure involves the disciplines of epidemiology, biology, physics and engineering. EMF cancer epidemiologic studies have examined both children in residential settings and adults (primarily) in occupational studies. More recent studies have emphasized larger numbers, improved methodologies and better exposure assessment. In the laboratory, the search for reproducible biological responses to EMF exposure continues in studies of cells and animals. The goal is to identify and characterize interaction mechanisms, which could lead to a definition of EMF “dose”. Animal cancer studies using large numbers of animals with a variety of EMF exposure conditions are employing established models to test for a possible carcinogenic role. Even in the presence of uncertainty about health risks, options for managing fields are being evaluated. These include new transmission line configurations, methods to reduce net currents in distribution systems, and shielding.
Intramolecular charge transfer in donor‐bridge‐acceptor compounds with paired linearly conjugated or cross‐conjugated pathways

An understanding of intramolecular charge transfer in 2-D linearly conjugated and cross-conjugated compounds is necessary for the rational design of molecular electronics, improved solar energy devices, semi-conducting polymers, and materials with nonlinear optical properties. In this work, the femtosecond transient absorption spectra and kinetics of several donor-bridge-acceptor compounds containing cross-conjugated or linearly conjugated bridging groups were obtained. The veratrole group was used as the donor, and the phthalimide group was used as an acceptor. 2-D conjugation was achieved by involving two bridging groups arranged cyclically between the donor and acceptor. The donor and acceptor were bridged by m-phenylene in the cross-conjugated compounds or 2,5-thiophene in the linearly conjugated compounds. We found slower charge separation times and slower charge recombination times in the compounds containing cyclic cross-conjugated bridging groups than in those containing the cyclic linearly conjugated groups in polar solvent. Charge separation rates that were found to be dependent on solvent were observed in the donor-bridge-acceptor compounds. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Squamous and Neuroendocrine Specific Immunohistochemical Markers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Tissue Microarray Study

The performance characteristics of neuroendocrine-specific and squamous-specific immunohistochemical markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), in particular in oropharyngeal tumors in this era of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cases, are not well-established. The differential diagnosis for poorly differentiated SCCs, for nonkeratinizing oropharyngeal SCCs, and for other specific SCC variants such as basaloid SCC and undifferentiated (or lymphoepithelial-like) carcinomas includes neuroendocrine carcinomas. Given that neuroendocrine carcinomas of the head and neck are aggressive regardless of HPV status, separating them from SCC is critically important. In this study, we examined the neuroendocrine markers CD56, synaptophysin, and chromogranin-A along with the squamous markers p40 and cytokeratin 5/6 in a large tissue microarray cohort of oral, oropharyngeal, laryngeal, and hypopharyngeal SCCs with known HPV results by RNA in situ hybridization for the oropharyngeal tumors. Results were stratified by site and specific SCC variant. The neuroendocrine stains were rarely expressed in SCC ( 98% overall), including very strong, consistent staining in oropharyngeal HPV-related nonkeratinizing SCC. Undifferentiated (or lymphoepithelial-like) carcinomas of the oropharynx are more frequently p40 or cytokeratin 5/6 negative or show only weak or focal expression. In summary, markers of neuroendocrine and squamous differentiation show very high specificity and sensitivity, respectively, across the different types of head and neck SCC.
Bringing Informal Science Education to Elementary Pre-service Teacher Preparation

The purpose of this study was to explore how a health-based informal science education course, as part of an elementary undergraduate teacher preparation program, influenced pre-service teachers’ ideas about formal and informal science teaching and learning. Additionally, the study explored how the course impacted their understandings of the value of bridging informal science to supplement formal instruction. Qualitative study data were gathered through two (mid- and end-of-semester) focus group interviews with five pre-service teachers enrolled in a health-based informal science course. Analysis of data indicated that the inclusion of informal science education experiences during PST preparation has the potential to support novice teachers' developing ideas about science teaching and learning including ways to connect science to students’ lives and make science engaging and meaningful. Findings are reported in four key themes that emerged from the data: (a) formal teacher preparation and informal education, (b) connections between formal and informal science education, (c) personal and professional collaborations, and (d) benefits of informal science education.
What else is sociology of law? Reflection on John Griffiths's What is sociology of law?

John Griffiths's characteristically ambitious and tendentious paper “What Is Sociology of Law?” (see the previous issue of this journal) has forced me to reflect about the foundations of our field....
Examining the importance of the level of computational theory used in solution-phase structural determinations by NMR using residual dipolar couplings

The structures of many small molecules have been determined using residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) and the singular value decomposition method (SVD). Here, a key part of the SVD method is examined. The methods used to predict the 3-dimensional structures of molecules used in the SVD methodology for comparison with RDCs were examined for their impact on the quality of agreement that those structures had with observed RDCs. It was observed that the method of generating a proposed structure had a great impact on the quality of agreement with observed spectral data and that more computationally intensive methods of proposing structures provided better agreement with the observed RDCs in the control molecule.
Marcellus Shale Gas Development and Farming

We study changes in farming in the Marcellus region associated with unconventional natural gas drilling activity. Due to concerns raised by the popular press, we consider 18 different county-level agricultural variables. While we find no significant changes in the number of farms or land in farms in drilling counties relative to non-drilling counties, there is an increase in median farm sizes, indicating potential consolidation in drilling counties. Despite anecdotal evidence suggesting a transition away from dairy farming to either beef or hay production, we find no support for this at the county level.
Dietary Polyphenols, Gut Microbiota, and Intestinal Epithelial Health

Abstract Excessive food intake is one of the major reasons leading to the current obesity epidemic. Obesity is associated with impaired gut barrier function, imbalanced gut microbiota, and compromised satiety hormones. Polyphenols are bioactive compounds present abundantly in plant-derived foods that have epithelial barrier strengthening and antiobesity effects. Additionally, polyphenols promote the secretion of satiety hormones by enteroendocrine cells in the gut. In this chapter, the interaction among dietary polyphenolics, gut microbiota and their metabolites, intestinal epithelial barrier function, satiety hormone secretion, and obesity are discussed.
Ethanol Ablation for the Treatment of Cystic and Predominantly Cystic Thyroid Nodules.

Abstract Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for the treatment of symptomatic cystic thyroid nodules. Patients and Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with benign cystic thyroid nodules treated with PEI from February 1, 2000, through October 31, 2016. The main outcomes were efficacy, defined as symptom relief or reduction in nodule volume of 50% or more, and safety, defined as no or minor adverse events. Results Twenty patients had PEI. Mean age at the time of PEI was 50 years, and 13 (65%) were women; all patients were euthyroid. Twelve patients (60%) had complex cystic thyroid nodules (>50% cystic component), with the rest being purely cystic. The median largest diameter of the thyroid cyst was 4.5 cm (interquartile range [IQR], 3.2-5.3 cm; range, 2.3-8.0 cm); the median volume pre-PEI was 19.6 mL (IQR, 10.4-48.5 mL; range, 2.8-118.1 mL). The median amount of cystic fluid drained before PEI was 13.5 mL (IQR, 6.8-32.3 mL), and the median amount of ethanol administered was 3 mL (IQR, 2-5 mL; range, 0.5-20 mL). After median follow-up of 2 years, 17 of 19 patients (89%) were asymptomatic. Of 10 patients with available imaging on follow-up, 7 (70%) had a 50% or greater reduction in nodule volume (median volume decrease, 75.64% [IQR, 41.40%-91.99%]). Adverse effects occurred in 4 patients (20%) and were mild and temporary (slight pain, vagal reaction, and bleeding into the cyst). Conclusion Percutaneous ethanol injection seems to be a safe and effective alternative to surgical resection for patients with purely or predominantly cystic thyroid nodules and compressive symptoms who decline surgery or are not good surgical candidates.
Nongranulomatous Involvement of the Bone Marrow in Lepromatous Leprosy

Bone marrow involvement in lepromatous leprosy has been characterized histologically by a proliferation of foamy histiocytes containing lepra bacilli, the so-called Virchow cells. The authors have studied three patients with biopsy-proven lepro-matous leprosy in whom Fite stain, performed on histologic sections of bone marrow aspirates, demonstrated numerous bacilli lying free in the interstitium in the absence of Virchow cells or focal collections of foamy macrophages. Two of the patients had a recent diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy by skin biopsy; the third patient had a 33-year history of lepromatous leprosy that had been treated. Bone marrow aspirates were performed in all three patients for evaluation of anemia. The findings indicate that the bone marrow may act as a reservoir for viable organisms in the absence of a host response in treated and untreated patients with lepromatous leprosy. The persistence of viable organisms in the bone marrow in patients with lepromatous leprosy may account for the high rate of relapse and/or recrudescence of the disease following cessation of specific therapy. Bone marrow examination with the Fite modification of the acid-fast stain is therefore indicated in such patients to evaluate bone marrow involvement and the efficacy of treatment.
Technical Challenges in Location-Aware Video Surveillance Privacy

Though designing, deploying, and operating a video surveillance system in a public place is a relatively simple engineering task, equipping operational systems with privacy enhancing technology presents extraordinarily difficult technical challenges. We explore using mobile communications and location tracking to enable individuals to assert a preference for privacy from video surveillance. Rather than prohibit or defeat surveillance, our system – Cloak – seeks to discourage surveillers from distributing video without the authorization of the surveilled. We review the system architecture and operation, and demonstrate how privacy can be enhanced while requiring no change to existing surveillance technology. We use analysis and simulation to explore the solution’s feasibility, and show that an individual’s video privacy can be protected even in the presence of the many sources of error (e.g., dense crowds, unsynchronized clocks, unreliable communications, location error, location signal loss) we anticipate in a deployed system. Finally, we discuss the key technical, social, and legal barriers to Cloak’s large-scale deployment, and argue that the pervasive use of camera phones requires the focus of efforts on surveillance privacy technology to shift to limiting dissemination rather than limiting video capture.
Modelling Functional Domains of the GABAA Receptor Chloride Channel

Secondary structure predictions of domains surrounding residues identified in ligand binding in the α 1 subunit of GABAA receptors suggest a large structural motif that may be coupled to channel gating. We recently identified amino acids (F65 and H102 in bovine α 1 subunit) as sites of photoaffinity labelling with GABA and benzodiazepine (BZ) ligands respectively. The two domains, TIDVFFR(61–67) for GABA and TPDTFFH(96–102) for BZ show sequence homology, suggesting that this portion of the BZ binding site may have arisen from a modified agonist site. Secondary structure predictions suggest that these two sequences in the extracellular domain are likely to exist as short strands of β sheet, which flank a sequence including two W residues which is highly conserved in all of the ligand-gated ion channel receptor superfamily. The whole β α β-β domain, with ligand binding at the N-terminal end and allosteric ligand binding at the other end, is suggested to transduce binding energy into a conformational change that results in ion channel opening.
The Zonally Averaged Tropical Circulation

We shall begin this text with a zonal-time averaged representation of the tropical atmosphere. These are height (or pressure)-time diagrams that illustrate several simplified climatological features of the tropical atmosphere such as the zonal wind, temperature, moisture (specific humidity) and the mean meridional circulation, i.e., the Hadley cell.
Passiflora intricata , an apetalous new species from the Dominican Republic in Supersection Auriculatae (Passifloraceae)

A new species of Passiflora L. endemic to the Dominican Republic, P. intricata , is described and illustrated from herbarium material and living plants. The flower is unusual in Passiflora by its vestigial androgynophore and tangled thread-like corona. It is placed in subgenus Decaloba supersection Auriculatae s.str. on the basis of its plicate operculum, laminar and petiolar nectaries, grooved seeds, very reduced petals (absent in this new species) and apically attenuate coronal filaments.
A Collection of Notions about The Other 23 Hours

Being invited to write this commentary is a career high. To prepare, I took an old and tattered autographed copy of The Other 23 Hours down from my bookshelf. It had been many years since I had rea...
Abstract 140: Real-time Modulation of Platelet Phenotype and Vein Wall Biology in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Background: The role of antiplatelet agents in the modulation of arterial disease is well described, but a paucity of data exists regarding their role in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). We hypo...
Immunological, vascular, metabolic, and autonomic changes seen with aging possible implications for poor outcomes in the elderly following decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant MCA stroke: a critical review.

Introduction Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and requires rapid and intensive treatment to prevent adverse outcomes. Decompressive hemicraniectomy stands as the gold standard for surgical resolution of the intracranial swelling which accompanies cerebral infarction; however, the benefits of this procedure are not as well achieved in the elderly (age >65 years) compared to the younger population. Evidence acquisition This is a critical review performed on all available literature relating to middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke in the elderly with emphasis on articles examining causality of adverse outcomes in this group over younger populations. Utilizing PRISMA guidelines, we initially identified 1462 articles. Evidence synthesis After screening, four clear areas of physiological change associated with aging were identified and expounded upon as they relate to MCA stroke. These four areas include: immunological, autonomic, mitochondrial, and vascular changes. Elderly patients have a decreased and declining capacity to regulate the inflammation that develops postinfarction and this contributes to adverse outcomes from a neurological stand point. Additionally, aging decreases the ability of elderly patients to regulate their autonomic system resulting in aberrant blood pressures systemically post infarction. With age, the mitochondrial response to ischemia is exaggerated and causes greater local damage in elderly patients compared to younger populations. Finally, there are numerous vascular changes that occur with age including accumulation of homocysteine and atherosclerosis which together contributed to decreased structural integrity of the vasculature in the elderly and render decreased support to the recovery process post infarction. Conclusions We conclude that physiological changes inherent in the aging process serve to intensify adverse outcomes that are commonly associated with strokes in the elderly. Identification and subsequent minimization of these risk factors could allow for more effective management of elderly patients, post stroke, and promote better clinical outcomes.
Educational video intervention improves knowledge and self-efficacy in identifying malnutrition among healthcare providers in a cancer center: a pilot study

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the USA, and malnutrition secondary to cancer progression and treatment side effects is common. While abundant evidence indicates that nutrition support improves patient outcomes, it is estimated that up to half of malnutrition cases are misclassified or undiagnosed. The use of a multidisciplinary team to assess nutrition status has been observed previously to reduce delays in nutritional support. Hence, educating all members of the oncology healthcare team to assess nutrition status may encourage earlier diagnosis and lead to improved patient outcomes. Thus, the objective was to perform a pilot study to assess change in knowledge and self-efficacy among oncology team members after watching an educational video about malnutrition. A pre-test post-test educational video intervention was given to 77 ambulatory oncology providers during weekly staff meetings at a community ambulatory oncology center in central Illinois. Change in knowledge and self-efficacy in malnutrition assessment and diagnosis was measured and acceptability of the brief educational video format was also observed. Mean test scores improved by 1.95 ± 1.48 points (p < 0.001). Individual occupational groups improved scores significantly (p ≤ 0.005) except for specialty clinical staff. Self-efficacy improved from 38 to 70%. 90.8% of participants indicated the educational video improved their confidence in assessing malnutrition. The educational video was well accepted and improved knowledge and self-efficacy of malnutrition assessment and diagnosis among ambulatory oncology providers. Wider implementation of such an educational intervention and longitudinal testing of knowledge retention and behaviors change is warranted.
Medical Use of Long-term Extended-release Opioid Analgesics in Commercially Insured Adults in the United States

Objectives We examined the proportion of patients initiating extended-release (ER) opioids who become long-term users and describe how pain-related diagnoses before initiation of opioid therapy vary between drugs and over time. Methods Using MarketScan (2006-2015), a US national commercial insurance database, we examined pain-related diagnoses in the 182-day baseline period before initiation of ER opioid therapy to characterize indications for opioid initiation. We report the proportion who became long-term users, the median length of opioid therapy, and the proportion with cancer and other noncancer chronic pain, by active ingredient. Results Among 1,077,566 adults initiating ER opioids, 31% became long-term users, with a median length of use of 209 days. The most common ER opioids prescribed were oxycodone (26%) and fentanyl (23%), and the most common noncancer pain diagnoses were back pain (65%) and arthritis (48%). Among all long-term users, 16% had a diagnosis of cancer. We found notable variation by drug. Eighteen percent of patients initiating drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration >10 years ago had evidence of cancer during baseline compared with only 8% of patients who received newer drugs. Conclusions In a national sample of adults with private insurance, back pain was the most common diagnosis preceding initiation of opioid therapy. Opioids that have been approved within the last 10 years were more frequently associated with musculoskeletal pains and less frequently associated with cancer. Amid increasing concerns regarding long-term opioid therapy, our findings provide context regarding the conditions for which long-term opioid therapy is prescribed.
Comparing Coverage of King, Swoopes and Griner

This chapter reports the results of two content analysis studies conducted for the book. It begins by introducing media sociology and Shoemaker and Reese’s Hierarchical Influences Model, the guiding theoretical perspectives of this work and also discusses literature in the related areas of framing, journalistic routines and source usage. The first study, which employed a two-dimensional framing measurement scheme to analyze coverage of King, Swoopes and Griner, found that more stories were written about King, and they were more likely to employ the individual frame. Articles about Swoopes used the Gay Athlete frame more often. The second study compared source prominence in stories about Swoopes and Griner and found that comments from the two athletes dominated the coverage.
Development of an IoT Based Open Source SCADA System for PV System Monitoring

This paper presents the development of a low cost, open source Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for solar photovoltaic (PV) system monitoring and remote control. The proposed SCADA system is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) SCADA architecture which incorporates web services with the conventional SCADA for a robust supervisory control and monitoring. It comprises of analog Current and Voltage sensors for acquiring the desired data from the solar PV system, Arduino Uno micro-controller which serves as a Remote Terminal Unit to receive the acquired sensor data, Raspberry Pi with a Node-RED programming tool for parsing the acquired data (Communication Channel), and Emoncms Local Server IoT Platform for data storage, monitoring and remote control (Master Terminal Unit). The developed SCADA system was set up to monitor and control a 260W, 12V solar PV panel in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory at Memorial University, and some of the created Dashboards and Charts showing the acquired data on Emoncms server where an operator can monitor the data in the cloud using both a computer with internet access, and Emoncms mobile app are presented in the paper.
A study of modeling perception in a first-time modeling class

In this paper, we have studied the modeling perception change of first-time learners in a heavily undergraduate research institute. The new course has covered a lot of aspects that are a part of a regular modeling course, including domain-specific languages, modeling, metamodeling, code-generation, and model transformation. We have run the study by distributing three surveys to all students: one at the beginning of the course, one in the middle, and one at the end. The results are mixed. Even though there are changes in terms of what modeling is, the primary obstacle seems to be related to the tools and support available (or not) in the modeling community.
Assessing the cognitive and work load of an inpatient safety dashboard in the context of opioid management.

Abstract For health information technology to realize its potential to improve flow, care, and patient safety, applications should be intuitive to use and burden neutral for frontline clinicians. We assessed the impact of a patient safety dashboard on clinician cognitive and work load within a simulated information-seeking task for safe inpatient opioid medication management. Compared to use of an electronic health record for the same task, the dashboard was associated with significantly reduced time on task, mouse clicks, and mouse movement (each p
Improving Diagnostic Processes in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit: A Team Endeavor

Evaluation in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) is deemed the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of epilepsy, allowing the formulation of clinico-electrophysiologic correlations to guide pharmacologic and surgical treatments of epilepsy.1 Optimal management and testing of patients during seizures in the EMU is paramount because it will lead to improved data recording and ultimately reduce any potential risk to the patient. Although long-term video EEG in the EMU is generally safe, vast differences in the processes of care are evident across institutions.2
Corn Response Across Plant Densities and Row Configurations for Different Moisture Environments

Corn (Zea mays L.) production in the Southeast can be negatively impacted by erratic summer rainfall and drought-prone, coarse-textured soils, but irrigation combined with conservation tillage and cover crops may support greater plant densities arranged in different row configurations to improve yield. We examined five site-years of data across two soil types in Alabama to compare corn yields in a conservation system across three plant densities for single- and twin-row configurations in dryland and irrigated moisture regimes. Treatments were arranged with a split plot treatment restriction in a RCB design with three replications. Main plots were irrigation level (no irrigation and irrigation), and subplots were a factorial arrangement of three plant densities (5.9, 7.4, and 8.9 plants m−2) and row configurations (single and twin). A moisture environment (low and moderate) variable, defined by growing season rainfall, was used to average over site-years. In general, irrigation in the moderate-moisture environment improved each measured variable (plant height, stover yield, corn yield, and test weight) and decreased grain N concentration and aflatoxin levels compared to the low-moisture environment with no irrigation. Benefits of increased rainfall and irrigation to reduce soil moisture stress across drought-prone soils were evident. Pooled results across all site-years indicated no yield response as plant density increased, but greater yields were observed with the greatest plant densities in the moderate-moisture environments. No advantage for twin-row corn production was observed across five site-years in Alabama, which indicates either row configuration can be successfully adopted.
Original articleHealth services research and policyDirect Interactive Public Education by Breast Radiologists About Screening Mammography: Impact on Anxiety and Empowerment

Purpose Anxiety has been called a “harm” of screening mammography. The authors provided direct, interactive education to lay audiences and measured these sessions’ impact on anxiety and any increased understanding of breast cancer screening.
A Companion to the History of the Book , 2nd edition. Simon Eliot and Jonathan Rose, eds.

When he declared, “the physical book really has had a 500-year run” in a 2009 interview, Jeff Bezos might well be forgiven for thinking that the book began with Gutenberg. Histories of the book have tended to give the impression that it emerged with movable type and existed largely, if not exclusively, in Mainz, New York, London, Paris, Venice, and environs. The first edition to A Companion to the History of the Book , first published in 2007, was a welcome, albeit modest, corrective to this narrow focus. While the bulk of its attention was on print in Western Europe and the United States, it incorporated chapters on manuscripts, books in Asia and Latin America, and the Hebraic and Islamic traditions, broadening the scope of book history both chronologically and geographically.
Cross-sectional Variation of Option Implied Volatility Skew

The slope of the option implied volatility plot against the strike reflects the risk-neutral skewness of the underlying security's conditional return distribution. We identify two principal risk sources that contribute to the cross-sectional variation of individual stock options' implied volatility skew: the market risk exposure of the stock's return and the company's default risk. Once controlled for these two risk exposures and the implied volatility level, the remaining idiosyncratic variation of the implied volatility skew reflects more of investor expectation and sentiment on the stock's future price movement and can be used to predict future stock returns with more accuracy.
Early Life Exposure to Food Insecurity is Associated with Changes in BMI During Childhood Among Latinos from CHAMACOS.

Early life exposures have been associated with obesity later in life. We aim to assess the association between early life exposure to food insecurity and change in BMI throughout childhood and adolescents. Food security status and growth variables from 243 Mother–child dyads from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas study were assessed 7 times over a 12-year period. Generalized log linear models with Poisson distributions and linear regression models were implemented to assess the associations between early life food insecurity and obesity and growth. Early life food insecurity was associated with a 0.43 (0.01, 0.82) kg/m2 decrease in BMI from age 2 to 3.5, and a 0.92 kg/m2 (0.38, 1.46) increase in BMI among boys from ages 3.5 to 5, after adjusting for covariates. Sex and age modify the association between early life exposure to food insecurity and BMI.
State Law, U.S. Power, Foreign Disputes: Understanding the Extraterritorial Effect of State Law in the Wake of Morrison v. National Australia Bank

The recent Supreme Court case of Morrison v. National Australia Bank embraced a sweeping version of the presumption against extraterritorial application of federal law, and in doing so dramatically restricted the potential applicability of federal securities law to foreign litigants and transactions. This development has attracted a wealth of commentary, most of which has focused on the implications for the future treatment of federal statutes that may apply to foreign conduct.Scholars have overlooked, however, perhaps the most remarkable consequence of the Court’s opinion in Morrison: the fact that it in effects makes state law more widely applicable abroad than is federal law. Court decisions applying state law have never been constrained by a presumption against extraterritoriality. Indeed, when applying state choice-of-law principles, courts have treated state law and foreign law as essentially interchangeable. Further, the constitutional restrictions limiting the circumstances under which states can apply their own law to disputes are quite modest. Thus, though foreign plaintiffs may be precluded from relying on federal securities law, they may be able to state near-identical causes of action under state law. The same may soon be true in other areas of law if the Court’s trend toward expanding its use of the presumption against extraterritoriality continues.My article considers the implications of this phenomenon. It argues that, in addition to the deficiencies already identified by commentators, Morrison is also problematic because it has the perverse effect of substituting state law for federal law in securities cases involving substantial foreign contacts. This is troublesome both because it undermines the Court’s articulated justifications for the presumption and because it is likely to create continued – and indeed intensified – discord and unpredictability in international transactions. In addition, the Article attempts to draw attention to an additional facet of a problem I have discussed earlier: the general failure of courts to analyze the application of state law under choice-of-law principles as an extraterritoriality problem. This failure undermines the ability of courts to apply state conflicts doctrine in a way that takes account of the special problems of the international arena.
‘Now the mask is taken off’: Jacobitism and colonial New England, 1702–27

Jacobitism has been shown to be an integral and enduring element of British culture, especially during the twenty-six years following the Revolution of 1688. Yet few attempts have been made to explore the impact or existence of Jacobitism in the British Atlantic world. This article locates and examines the presence of Jacobitism in the religious controversies and transatlantic print culture of colonial New England from 1702 to 1727 and draws tentative conclusions about the existence and significance of Jacobitism in the British Atlantic.
Student Note-Taking in Narrative-Centered Learning Environments: Individual Differences and Learning Effects

Note-taking has a long history in educational settings. Previous research has shown that note-taking leads to improved learning and performance on assessment. It was therefore hypothesized that note-taking could play an important role in narrative-centered learning. To investigate this question, a note-taking facility was introduced into a narrative-centered learning environment. Students were able to use the facility to take and review notes while solving a science mystery. In this paper we explore the individual differences of note-takers and the notes they take. Finally, we use machine learning techniques to model the content of student notes to support future pedagogical adaptation in narrative-centered learning environments.
A Control System Design Methodology for Large-Scale Interconnected Systems

The complexity of large-scale interconnected systems necessitates the availability of a thorough methodology for evaluating design options that are faced by engineers and physicists during all phases of system development. Additionally, methods for designing reasonably simple control systems that provide robust stability and high performance with a control system architecture comprised of local subsystem controllers coordinated through higher-level control authority must be available. The significant need to develop analysis approaches that may be applied to complex design problems to complement the experience of design engineers is addressed herein by the development of a large-scale interconnected control system design methodology. An overview of the methodology developed to date is presented in this paper, and an application of modern multivariable techniques to a space-based laser jitter control system illustrates the development and utilization of the methodology.
Angiotensin II-induced changes in G-protein expression and resistance of renal microvessels in young genetically hypertensive rats

Altered regulation of cAMP may contribute to enhanced renal reactivity to angiotensin II (Ang II) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Such a phenomenon may occur in renal preglomerular arterioles and may involve changes in expression of GTP-binding regulatory proteins. We have examined the effects of Ang II on steady state levels of Gαi-1,2, Gαi-3 Gαs and Gαq in preglomerular arterioles from young marginally hypertensive SHR and on mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal vascular resistance (RVR) and renal cAMP excretion (UcAMP.V). Young (5-6 week old) SHR and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats received Ang II (35 ng/kg/min, s.c.) or vehicle for 7 days via osmotic minipumps. Urine was collected over the last 24 h. On day seven, MAP and renal blood flow were measured in anesthetized rats and RVR was determined. Preglomerular arterioles were isolated by perfusing the kidneys with iron oxide and using a series of mechanical steps coupled with the use of a magnet to retain iron-laden vessels. Membranes were prepared and the expressions of Gαi-1,2, Gαi-3, Gαs and Gαq were evaluated by Western immunoblotting. Baseline MAP (124 ± 6 mmHg) was only marginally (p > 0.05) higher in SHR when compared with WKY rats (110 ± 4 mmHg). RBF (3.04 ± 0.16 mL/min) was significantly lower and RVR (41.10 ± 1.37 mmHg.min/mL) was significantly higher in SHR when compared to age-matched WKY rats (4.36 ± 0.30 mL/min and 25.79 ± 1.58 mmHg.min/mL, respectively). Ang II significantly increased MAP in SHR (17 mmHg) but not in WKY rats. These increases in MAP were accompanied by significant increases in RVR in SHR (48% over control) but not in WKY rats. Compared to WKY rats, preglomerular arterioles from SHR exhibited significantly higher basal expression of Gαi-1,2 (11- fold), Gαi-3 (13-fold) and Gαs (3-fold). Chronic infusion of Ang II, however, downregulated the expression of Gαs (by 53%; p 0.05) in SHR preglomerular arterioles but significantly upregulated the expression of these proteins in WKY by 3-, 8- and 15-fold, respectively. Basal levels of Gαq were not different in preglomerular arterioles from the two strains but were downregulated by Ang II in both WKY (74% of basal) and SHR (52% of control). Baseline UcAMP.V was significantly lower in SHR (31.22 ± 6.51 nmol/24 h) compared with WKY rats (65.33 ± 3.60 nmol/24 h). Chronic Ang II infusion significantly increased UcAMP.V in SHR as well as WKY rats. These data clearly demonstrate that expressions of Gi isoforms as well as Gs in renal microvessels are elevated during early stages of hypertension and suggest that the elevated levels of Gi proteins may be directly associated with a blunted adenylyl cyclase-cAMP cascade in the renal microvasculature. Furthermore, Ang II appears to directly downregulate the expression of Gs in young SHR but not in young WKY renal microvessels. Such diversity in its effect on G-protein expression may be important for enhanced renal sensitivity to Ang II in SHR.
Characterizing artificial blood substitutes and testing the Monod two-state model using heterodyned phase-grating spectroscopy

Summary form only received as follows: The development of cross-linked Hb artificial blood substitutes is an area of much growth and attention. Where donated blood can be stored for up to three weeks, artificial blood can be stored indefinitely. The problem of disease transmission is negligible. Moreover, these blood substitutes can act as drug-delivery agents as well as having the capacity to deliver oxygen to cancerous sites and aid in photodynamic therapy techniques. In previous work the authors have characterized Hb and Mb using time-resolved phase grating spectroscopy. Recently they have increased the sensitivity of their experiment by implementing heterodyne detection using a diffractive optic. This has allowed them to detect the extremely small changes in structure of these blood substitutes and aid-in their development and understanding. The advent of these artificial blood substitutes also opens up a new venue by which to study energy transduction in biomolecules. This puts the authors in a unique position to test the predictions of the Monod two-state model. By varying the sites of cross-linking they have tested the Monod two-state model for Hb. New results characterizing these cross-linked Hb and probing the validity of the Monod two-state model are shown.
Surgical Anatomy of the Penis

The bulk of the penis is made up of three erectile bodies: two corpora cavernosa and the single corpus spongiosum (Fig. 39.1). The dorsally located corpora cavernosa contain erectile tissue within a compliant sheath of connective tissue, the tunica albuginea. Within the shaft of the penis, there is free communication between the corpora cavernosa through an incomplete midline septum. This septum is composed of multiple strands of connective tissue, similar to that of the tunica albuginea. The septum becomes more complete at the tip of the penis and toward the penile hilum, where the corpora cavernosa become independent and form separate crura.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of theophylline in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.

: Dialysis clearance and drug recovery of theophylline were investigated in three peritoneal dialysis patients and the results were compared with those obtained from five hemodialysis patients. Peritoneal clearance averaged 9.5 ml/min, in contrast with the hemodialysis clearance of 84.8 ml/min, indicating a relative inefficiency of peritoneal dialysis with regard to theophylline removal. Theophylline half-life was reduced substantially during hemodialysis, 2.0 to 3.2 hours, in comparison with the normal half-life range of 4.7 to 6.8 hours during peritoneal dialysis. The fraction of theophylline recovered by peritoneal dialysis approximated 3.2 per cent of dose, while hemodialysis recovered up to 40 per cent of the administered dose. The overall observations of half-life, dialysis clearance, and drug recovery suggest a clear advantage of hemodialysis over peritoneal dialysis for theophylline detoxification. However, peritoneal dialysis may be preferred to hemodialysis for uremic patients requiring theophylline therapy. Since the removal of theophylline by peritoneal dialysis is minimal, an undesirable alteration of the theophylline dosage regimen in association with dialysis therapy can thus be avoided.