cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress induces stem cell proliferation via TRPA1/RyR-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the Drosophila midgut

Precise regulation of stem cell activity is crucial for tissue homeostasis and necessary to prevent overproliferation. In the Drosophila adult gut, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been detected with different types of tissue damage, and oxidative stress has been shown to be both necessary and sufficient to trigger intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation. However, the connection between oxidative stress and mitogenic signals remains obscure. In a screen for genes required for ISC proliferation in response to oxidative stress, we identified two regulators of cytosolic Ca2+ levels, transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) and ryanodine receptor (RyR). Characterization of TRPA1 and RyR demonstrates that Ca2+ signaling is required for oxidative stress-induced activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway, which in turns drives ISC proliferation. Our findings provide a link between redox regulation and Ca2+ signaling and reveal a novel mechanism by which ISCs detect stress signals.
Angiosomal radiopathologic analysis of transarterial radioembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

To assess the radiopathologic correlation following Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization (TARE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using variable radiodosimetry to identify imaging surrogates of histologic response. Twelve patients with HCC underwent ablative (≥ 190 Gy) and/or non-ablative (< 190 Gy) TARE delivered in a segmental, lobar, or combined fashion as a surgical neoadjuvant or bridge to transplantation. Both targeted tumor and treatment angiosome were analyzed before and after TARE utilizing hepatocyte-specific contrast-enhanced MRI or contrast-enhanced CT. Responses were graded using EASL and mRECIST criteria. Histologic findings including percent tumor necrosis and adjacent hepatic substrate effects were correlated with imaging features. Complete pathologic necrosis (CPN) was observed in 7/12 tumors post-TARE. Ablative and non-ablative dosing resulted in CPN in 5/6 and 2/6 tumors, respectively. Hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging, the absence of hepatocyte-specific gadolinium contrast uptake, and plateau or persistent enhancement kinetics in the angiosome correlated with CPN and performed similarly to EASL and mRECIST criteria in predicting CPN. The absence of hepatocyte-specific contrast uptake, increased signal on T2-weighted sequences, and plateau or persistent enhancement in the angiosome may represent MRI surrogates of CPN following TARE of HCC. These findings correlated with EASL and mRECIST response criteria. Further investigation is needed to determine the role of these findings as possible adjuncts to conventional imaging criteria.
Sensitizing Clostridium difficile Spores With Germinants on Skin and Environmental Surfaces Represents a New Strategy for Reducing Spores via Ambient Mechanisms

Background: Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Prevention of C. difficile transmission is challenging because spores are not killed by alcohol-based hand sanitizers or many commonly used disinfectants. One strategy to control spores is to induce germination, thereby rendering the spores more susceptible to benign disinfection measures and ambient stressors. Methods/Results: C. difficile spores germinated on skin after a single application of cholic acid-class bile salts and co-germinants; for 4 C. difficile strains, recovery of viable spores from skin was reduced by ~0.3 log 10 CFU to 2 log 10 CFU after 2 hours and ~1 log 10 CFU to >2.5 log 10 CFU after 24 hours. The addition of taurocholic acid to 70% and 30% ethanol significantly enhanced reduction of viable spores on skin and on surfaces. Desiccation, and to a lesser extent the presence of oxygen, were identified as the stressors responsible for reductions of germinated spores on skin and surfaces. Additionally, germinated spores became susceptible to killing by pH 1.5 hydrochloric acid, suggesting that germinated spores that remain viable on skin and surfaces might be killed by gastric acid after ingestion. Antibiotic-treated mice did not become colonized after exposure to germinated spores, whereas 100% of mice became colonized after exposure to the same quantity of dormant spores. Conclusions: Germination could provide a new approach to reduce C. difficile spores on skin and in the environment and to render surviving spores less capable of causing infection. Our findings suggest that it may be feasible to develop alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing germinants that reduce spores on hands.
“So Where are the Promises of This America? Where is the democracy and where are the human rights?”: Refugee youth, citizenship education, and exclusion from public schooling

ABSTRACTThis article explores the disjuncture between refugee's pre-migratory educational aspirations and their everyday encounters with urban public schools. This study engages with two main quest...
Policy fields, data systems, and the performance of nonprofit human service organizations

In a policy environment that demands evidence of effectiveness, data collection has now become a significant part of the work of many nonprofit human service organizations. One commentator in the S...
Networks and Computer Systems

Communication networks are a collection of entities that function in a collaborative role to convey information from its source to its destination. There is an accepted code of standards for such networks to follow. These standards set guidelines for monitoring the functions of networks in their macroscopic and microscopic forms. To maintain the integrity of the networks and an accountability of their operations, large functions are broken down into more manageable modular levels. Such modular functions can be assembled, disassembled, reassembled, and repackaged much like computer functions in hardware modules, software packages, and microprograms. However, an additional element of complexity governs the network functions. Whereas most network functions (especially those interfaced with human beings) have to respond in real time, computer systems and networks do not always have a human recipient of information. To this extent, the communication networks must satisfy a more stringent requirement at the human interface. In this first chapter, the similarities and differences between communication networks and computer systems, two very powerful synergistic forces in modern society, are explored. At the outset, it is evident that the genesis of the information revolution resides in the cooperation and collaboration between these two disciplines.
THE PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF A NUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATASE OF RAT LIVER NUCLEI.

cleotide pyrophosphatase activit’y was routinely assayed with UDP-glucose as the substrate. The test system (total volume, 3.00 ml) was 100 mM in Tris-HCI buffer (pH S.5), 5.2 mM in MgSO+ 0.27 mM in NADP, and 0.20 mM in UDP-glucose and contained nucleotide pyrophosphatase and 0.1 ml or more of a solution of phosphoglucomutase (0.09 mg per ml) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (0.032 mg per ml) that was 70 mM in imidazole and 2 mM in MgS04. A control was prepared that contained the ingredients in the reaction system with the exception of UDP-glucose. When purified nucleotide pyrophosphatase was available, the pyrophosphatase, instead of the UDP-glucose, was sometimes left out of the control. The reaction was followed by measuring NADP reduction spectrophotometrically at 340 rnp at room temperature. When glucose l-phosphate (at 0.20 mM) was tested in the reaction system in place of UDP-glucose, the initial velocity was at least 0.34 pmole of NADPH formed per minute. This is at least 10 to 50 times the velocity obtained with UDP-glucose. One unit of nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the formation of NADPH at an initial velocity of 1.00 pmole per minute. Activity is expressed as units per ml of enzyme, and specific activity is expressed as units per mg of protein. This assay was used with all substrates that could form glucose l-phosphate upon hydrolysis. The initial velocity varied linearly with the amount of enzyme added as seen in Fig. 1. Assay Method B for Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase Activity-As an alternative method the following procedure was used. The test system (total volume, 3.00 ml) was 100 mM in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5) and 5.2 mM in MgS04, and contained nucleotide pyrophosphatase and the appropriate substrate. Controls were prepared by omission of enzyme or substrate. After addition of the substrate, the solutions were mixed and incubated at 37”. The reaction was followed by measuring loss of substrate, as described in the section “Other Measurements” below. When NAD was the substrate, nicotinamide was frequently included at 100 mM to inhibit any NAD nucleotidase activity. The specific activity was expressed as the micromoles of substrate destroyed per minute per mg of protein. When the substrate was ADP, all tubes were incubated at 37” for the
Protein Transport to the Yeast Vacuole

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the protein transport in yeast vacuole. The study of protein transport to the yeast vacuole is providing a wealth of information on a remarkable variety of mechanisms used to sort and transport eukaryotic proteins. To identify the vacuolar localization signal within CPY that diverts this protein from the secretory pathway. The presence of a sorting signal within the p2 CPY propiece implied that there must be other proteins responsible for recognizing the CPY sorting signal and delivering CPY to the vacuole. After budding, the clathrin coat must be shed in order for the vesicle to fuse with the endosome. Black and Pelham have found that the GGAs are required for sorting the t-SNARE Pep12p from the TGN to the PVC. More than 50 different vps mutants have been isolated that exhibit a defect in protein transport between the TGN, PVC and vacuole. These mutants secrete p2 CPY. The yeast prevacuolar/late endosomal compartment (PVC) is the site of convergence of the endocytic pathway and the biosynthetic pathway that mediates delivery of newly synthesized proteins to the vacuole. This chapter briefs about protein trafficking pathways exiting TGN along with endosome-to-TGN transport. Whether yeast vacuoles actually engage in a maturation process from a hybrid organelle to a mature vacuole, or whether all vacuolar structures in the yeast cell are structurally and functionally equivalent, has yet to be determined. This chapter finally highlights two historical notes.
On the Sarvajñatva (Omniscience) of Mahāvīra and the Buddha

Sarvajnatva or omniscience is an attribute which, like omnipotence (sarva-śaktimatva) and omnipresence (sarva-gatatva), is considered to be a prerogative of God. The Vedic seers were well acquainted with the concept of omniscience, as can be seen from adjectives like viśva-vit,viśva-vidvān, viśva-cak-ṣu and sarva-vit, applied to the Vedic deities, and notably to Agni. We do not meet with the term sarvajna until the period of the Muṇḍakopaniṣat, presumably a pre-Buddhist text, where it comes to be used for the Brahman, the Absolute “from whom this, namely the saguna Brahman, comes to birth as name, form and food”.2 In the Māṇḍūkyopaniṣat2 and in the literature of the subsequent periods, the term comes to be used exclusively to describe the Īśvara of philosophical systems like Yoga,4 Nyāya and Vaiśesika, as well as the Purānic trinity of Brahmā, Viṣṇnu and Śiva. In all these cases the word is taken in its literal meaning, viz., the knower of ALL, with emphasis not only on the infinite content of this knowledge, but also on the ability of direct perception, independent of the mind and body.
The Thermoregulatory System

The living cells of the body produce (metabolize) energy from the chemicals absorbed from food during digestion and oxygen absorbed by the lungs in a complex series of relatively inefficient chemical reactions. Only about 20% of the energy produced is used to perform work, and the remaining 80% is converted to heat. Accordingly, metabolism is measured in units of heat called Calories or kilogram calories (1 Calorie = 1,000 calories). A Calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1°C.
Eicosanoids and The Pathophysiology of Sepsis and Trauma

Circulatory shock from sepsis continues as a major clinical problem in the world. No new treatment modalities other than volume resuscitation have emerged as effective agents since the early concepts of humoral mechanisms were formulated in the early part of this century. The disco very of Northover and Subramanian in 1962 (1) that cyclooxygenase inhibitors attenuated the hemodynamic events and prolonged the survival in endotoxemia in dogs has stimulated a substantial interest in the area of the role of eicosanoids in endotoxin shock, bacteremic shock, the sepsis syndrome and septic shock (2–22).
Probabilistic Precipitation Forecast Postprocessing Using Quantile Mapping and Rank-Weighted Best-Member Dressing

AbstractHamill et al. described a multimodel ensemble precipitation postprocessing algorithm that is used operationally by the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS). This article describes further ch...
Analysis of Music Tagging and Listening Patterns: Do Tags Really Function as Retrieval Aids?

In collaborative tagging systems, it is generally assumed that users assign tags to facilitate retrieval of content at a later time. There is, however, little behavioral evidence that tags actually serve this purpose. Using a large-scale dataset from the social music website Last.fm, we explore how patterns of music tagging and subsequent listening interact to determine if there exist measurable signals of tags functioning as retrieval aids. Specifically, we describe our methods for testing if the assignment of a tag tends to lead to an increase in listening behavior. Results suggest that tagging, on average, leads to only very small increases in listening rates, and overall the data do not support the assumption that tags generally serve as retrieval aids.
Analytic Solution to the Moment Tensor—Anisotropy Inverse Problem

We solve an idealized version of the moment tensor—anisotropy inverse problem. The medium in which faulting occurs has general anisotropy described by 21 parameters. The data are a set of moment tensors for all possible configurations of a unit fault; that is, all combinations of strike, dip and rake (a very idealized assumption, for tectonic constraints may limit available configurations). We first ask whether the anisotropic parameters can be inferred uniquely from the moment tensors and arrive at the answer, “almost”. The data constrain only 20 linear combinations of the 21 parameters; the isotropic Lame parameter $$\lambda$$ cannot be determined. We provide an analytic solution algorithm, valid for both weak and strong anisotropy, that uses the data and a prior value of $$\lambda$$ . We then ask whether measurements of the trace of the moment tensor and its smallest eigenvalue (proxies for its explosive and compensated linear vector dipole components, respectively) can determine uniquely the anisotropy. Here our analysis is limited to the weak anisotropy case. We find that these data are “almost” sufficient. They constrain only 19 linear combinations of the 21 parameters; the isotropic Lame parameters $$\lambda$$ and $$\mu$$ cannot be determined. We provide a semi-analytic algorithm for solving the inverse problem, given prior values of $$\lambda$$ and $$\mu$$ . Numerical tests demonstrate that both solution methods work and can be used to assess the sensitivity of the solution to erroneous prior information. However, because the methods require data for all fault configurations, their application to the sparse data available for most seismic source regions is limited; they complement but do not supplant existing inversion techniques.
Chapter 15 – Poxviruses

Human poxviruses are large, enveloped dsDNA viruses that include several viruses of clinical importance. Variola virus (VARV) is the causative agent of smallpox, a disease with a fatality rate of 30% that plagued humankind for millennia. Following a high fever, the characteristic smallpox rash progresses through macule, papule, vesicle, and pustule stages before scabbing over and separating, leaving a depigmented scar behind. The smallpox vaccine contains the related orthopox vaccinia virus, which provides protection through the production of cross-reactive antibodies. Eradication of smallpox was possible because VARV does not have a nonhuman reservoir, is transmitted through close contact only, and does not induce subclinical or latent infections. A lyophilized preparation allowed for the vaccine to be delivered to areas lacking refrigeration, and the bifurcated needle provided a consistent and reproducible manner in which to deliver the vaccine. Poxviruses carry within the virion a transcriptional system that allows transcription to occur within a cytoplasmic virus factory, independent of nuclear factors. Poxvirus virions have two infectious forms: the mature virion is wrapped with a single envelope, while the enveloped virion possesses an additional lipid membrane. These are associated with infection between hosts and localized, cell-to-cell spread, respectively. Possessing around 200 gene products, poxviruses use several different protein complexes to carry out the stages of the virus replication cycle.
First in man studies of [18F]FPPRGD2: A novel PET radiopharmaceutical for imaging αvβ3 integrin levels

1433 Objectives Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth. The expression of αvβ3 on capillary cells has a key role in this process. We have developed a novel 18F-based PET radiopharmaceutical, [18F]FPPRGD2 (FDA eIND 104150), based on the dimeric RGD peptide sequence, which targets the αvβ3 integrin. We present data on the first people imaged with this tracer. Methods Five healthy volunteers (mean age: 42) were recruited. Three PET and 1 PET/CT scans were obtained up to 3 hours post-injection (dose: 9.5 ± 3.4 mCi; specific activity: 1200 ± 714 mCi/umol) using a GE Discovery LS PET/CT scanner. During this time, vitals, EKGs, and blood samples were obtained at regular intervals. The blood was used to calculate time activity curves and to ensure stability of the tracer and lab values. The imaging data was used to evaluate biodistribution, as well as for dosimetry calculations using OLINDA. Results The radiopharmaceutical was well tolerated with no alterations in vitals, EKGs, or lab values noted. There was stable distribution in all patients with primary clearance through the kidneys, as well as the liver, spleen, and bowel. Only minimal uptake was seen elsewhere. Time activity curves showed rapid clearance from the vasculature within 30 minutes, with most of the activity in the plasma. Dosimetry (units are rem/mCi) showed the principal organs to be the urinary bladder (0.863) (bladder voiding model), lower large intestine (0.529), kidneys (0.360), and spleen (0.250). Conclusions [18F]FPPRGD2 is safe, with desirable pharmacokinetic and biodistribution characteristics for imaging angiogenesis (αvβ3-integrin expression), especially in the head, neck, thorax and extremities. Testing of [18F]FPPRGD2 in patients with cancers is planned. Based on these results, this radiopharmaceutical would be optimal for brain, lung, and breast cancers, but may also be useful for other regions and non-imaging applications
Rightwing and Liberal Islamophobia: The Change of Imperial Guard from Trump to Biden

When Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump in the 2020 election, the world waited with bated breath for a new US president to restore the old order. The Trump presidency was extraordinary; it was the mos...
Immigration, presidential politics, and partisan polarization among the American public, 1992–2018

We extend theories about “immigration backlash” and right-wing populism in three ways by analyzing trend data to examine the interplay between views of immigration, partisan polarization, and votin...
Providing Adaptive Feedback in Concept Mapping to Improve Reading Comprehension

Previous research has demonstrated the benefits of applying comparative strategies while learning from informational texts, where students identify key concepts and then attempt to establish relationships between those concepts. Concept mapping is one activity that can prompt students to use comparative strategies, but not all students benefit from this activity without support. This work presents an intelligent tutoring system for concept mapping that facilitates the development of comparative strategies through diagnostic feedback that responds to the quality of students’ concept mapping process and map correctness. The novelty of the system lies in the combination of outcome-based feedback methods typical in concept mapping with adaptive process-based evaluation. In a lab study with 46 college students, we evaluate the effect of this combined adaptive support compared to solely process-based support and no support. Results suggested that the combined feedback approach showed promise at improving students’ use of comparative strategies and learning outcomes.
SARS-CoV-2 detection by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing: Analysis of false positive results and recommendations for quality control measures.

Abstract Testing for SARS-CoV-2 has become a critical component for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays are currently the predominate method for testing. Quality control (QC) measures utilize known positive and known negative controls to ensure the adequacy of extraction and RT-PCR steps but do not evaluate all components of testing. We have conducted a quality assurance review of our RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 to determine the rate of false positive results in asymptomatic patients and causes for these errors. Design We have developed a quality control procedure in which all specimens from asymptomatic unexposed persons with SARS-CoV-2 positive tests were retested. When a second test was “non-detected” a third test was performed and a root cause analysis of the erroneous result undertaken. Results In the study period, 24,717 samples were tested and 6251 were from asymptomatic patients. Of the 288 initial positive tests, 20 (6.9%) were negative on retesting. Review of cycle threshold curves, technologists’ records, location of specimen on testing plates and relationships with high viral load specimens was undertaken. Analysis revealed technologists’ errors (misplacement of specimen in testing plate or contamination) and cross contamination from high viral load specimens in adjacent wells of testing plates were common causes for false positive results. Discussion SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing is associated with a small number of false positive results, most easily recognized in asymptomatic non-exposed patients. Implementation of a limited retesting protocol identifies clinically significant testing errors and allows review and improvement of laboratory procedures.
A Legal Database Review of Circumcision Related Litigation in the United States.

Abstract Objective To characterize circumcision-related litigation in the United States (US) and factors predictive of lawsuit outcome. Circumcision is a common urologic procedure with medical and ethical nuances. Methods We reviewed the Nexis Uni legal database for state and federal cases using the term “circumcision” in combination with “medical malpractice” or “negligence” or “medical error” or “complication” or "malpractice" or "tort". Litigation primarily related to circumcision from 1939 to 2021 were reviewed for medical and legal details. Results We identified 77 unique cases. Most cases were processed in state (87%) or appellate (59%) court systems with negligent surgical performance as the most common lawsuit reason (49%). Of reported specialties, urology was the highest proportion represented among named physicians (29%) and most patients were minors at time of circumcision (64%) and lawsuit (59%). Common complications included aesthetic dissatisfaction (20%), pain (19%), impaired sexual function (17%) and surgical trauma/injury (16%). Most verdicts favored physicians (59%), but when against physicians, the median indemnity was $175,000. Lawsuits due to negligent informed consent was significantly more likely to result in verdict favoring the physician compared to those due to negligent surgical performance. Conclusions Circumcision-related litigation in the US is rare and trial verdicts favor physicians, particularly in federal court cases or when parties allege negligent informed consent. Cases that favored plaintiffs successfully alleged negligent surgical technique. We recommend physicians performing circumcisions receive proper training, clearly communicate potential complications, and ensure appropriate indications for adult patients to reduce malpractice risk.
Hemispherical total emissivity of niobium, molybdenum, and tungsten at high temperatures using a combined transient and brief steady-state technique

The hemispherical total emissivity of three refractory metals, niobium, molybdenum, and tungsten, was measured with a new method using a combined transient and brief steady-state technique. The technique is based on rapid resistive self-heating of a solid cylindrical specimen in vacuum up to a preset high temperature in a short time (about 200 ms) and then keeping the specimen at that temperature under steady-state conditions for a brief period (about 500ms) before switching off the current through the specimen. Hemispherical total emissivity is determined at the temperature plateau from the data on current through the specimen, the voltage drop across the middle portion of the specimen, and the specimen temperature using the steady-state heat balance equation based on the Stefan–Boltzmann law. Temperature of the specimen is determined from the measured surface radiance temperature and the normal spectral emissivity; the latter is obtained from laser polarimetric measurements. Experimental results on the hemispherical total emissivity of niobium (2000 to 2600 K), molybdenum (2000 to 2700 K), and tungsten (2000 to 3400 K) are reported.
The development of an index of high-risk pregnancy

Presented is a scheme by which an index of high-risk pregnancy can be evaluated. The proposed scheme is applied to a risk index developed for the purpose of illustration. The usefulness of risk indices (or any other predictive measure) can be judged in clear statistical terms. The illustrative model developed here behaves similarly with each of the two sets of data on which it is tested, except to the extent that it is influenced by the incidence in the test population of the outcome to be predicted. The conclusion reached is that unreasonable demands are made of high-risk indices, that no index can satisfy all requirements. However, if the requirements are reasonably stated in advance, indices of high-risk pregnancy can be extremely useful.
The effect of a biology learning community on ISU secondary science education students and the teaching of biological evolution

The concept of biological evolution is essential to a deep understanding of biology. Biological evolution is a well-established scientific theory that explains how the diversity of life on this planet arose from a single or several original life forms. Nevertheless, public controversy has often clouded the extent to which biological evolution is addressed by science teachers in K-12 public education classes. This study investigated the evolution education teaching practices of Iowa State University (ISU) students who completed the evolution education component of the Biology Education Teaching and Learning (BETAL) community, and the evolution education teaching practices of ISU students who did not take part in the evolution education component of BETAL. These two groups were compared to the evolution education teaching practices of teachers across the United States reported in prior studies. Although the sample was small, that all BETAL evolution education participants taught biological evolution is encouraging. While BETAL evolution education participants faced opposition to teaching biological evolution, the BETAL evolution education participants continue to teach biological evolution despite the opposition. BETAL evolution education participants also reportedly spent overall more time teaching biological evolution and included ties to important nature of science topics while doing so.
Anti-jamming performance of multi-carrier spread spectrum with constant envelope

A special complex sequence, called a complex quadratic sequence, is proposed as the frequency-spreading sequence for multicarrier spread spectrum (MC-SS) modulation scheme. The resulting MC-SS signal has constant envelope in both time and frequency domains. This feature provides flexibility for the MC-SS system to mitigate the effects of both partial-bond jamming and pulse jamming. For partial-band jamming, the MC-SS system with frequency domain detection and combining can outperform DS/SS. for pulse jamming, the MC-SS system with time-domain detection and combining can outperform MC-SS systems. The proposed MC-SS signal has a constant envelope thus reducing linearity requirements on the power amplifier. A simple jammer state estimation scheme for both partial-band and pulse jamming channel is also proposed and analyzed. Furthermore multi-access with the MC-SS system is possible by assigning users with different cyclic-shifts of the complex quadratic sequence. Simulation results are provided to verify our analysis.
Circularization, Synchronization, and Differential Rotation in Chromospherically Active Binaries

Our data base includes chromospherically active binaries for which Prot is known accurately from photometry of the starspot wave. The SU UMa binaries are hypothesized to have starspots, in which case Psuperoutburst = Pmigration.
General invalidation and trauma-specific invalidation as predictors of personality and subclinical psychopathology

Abstract We examined the hypothesized link of general and trauma-specific invalidation to the development of personality traits and subclinical psychopathology. College students' ( N = 248) self-reports of childhood sexual abuse, perceived invalidation to disclosure of the abuse, and perceived general invalidation by caregivers were used to predict symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline, narcissistic, and psychopathic personalities. Hierarchal regression analyses revealed that childhood sexual abuse and general invalidation independently predicted symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and borderline personality. General invalidation also independently predicted narcissistic and psychopathic personalities. Among a subset of participants who reported at least one instance of abuse ( N = 91), perceived invalidation to abuse disclosure independently predicted all measured personality and psychopathology constructs, whereas general invalidation did not. These findings suggest that invalidation may play an important role in the development of personality and subclinical psychopathology.
Some methylcyclopentadienyl-metal compounds

Abstract The preparation and properties of bismethylcyclopentadienyl derivatives of Fe, Ni, Ti, Zr, methylcyclopentadienides of Mn, Nd, and Tl, and methylcyclopentadienyl carbonyls of Mo, Mn and Fe are described. Manganese methylcyclopentadienide shows unusual magnetic behaviour, with co-operative effects that persist in the melt.
Prostatitis: Clinical phenotyping of patients with pelvic pain.

Despite a plethora of clinical trials, no treatment has shown consistent success for symptomatic management in patients with chronic prostatitis–chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Subdividing this heterogeneous patient population according to phenotype, and selecting therapy accordingly, represents an important step forward in the treatment of this disorder.
STUDIES ON THE SUPRARENAL CORTEX : VI. THE EFFECT OF SUPRARENAL CORTICAL HORMONE UPON THE ELECTROLYTE EXCRETION OF THE INTACT NORMAL DOG. A PROPOSED METHOD OF COMPARATIVE ASSAY.

The effect of the administration of suprarenal cortical hormone upon the excretion of sodium and potassium has been studied on normal dogs. It is shown to be qualitatively similar to the effect of this hormone upon suprarenalectomized animals and upon patients with Addison's disease. The phenomenon is proposed as the basis for a suitable method for comparative assay of suprarenal cortical extracts. The method is simple, time saving, and uses a minimum of extract.
Digital, Ultrasensitive, End-Point Protein Measurements with Large Dynamic Range via Brownian Trapping with Drift

This communication shows that the concept of Brownian trapping with drift can be applied to improve quantitative molecular measurements. It has the potential to combine the robustness of end-point spatially resolved readouts, the ultrasensitivity of digital single-molecule measurements, and the large dynamic range of qPCR; furthermore, at low concentrations of analytes, it can provide a direct comparison of the signals arising from the analyte and from the background. It relies on the finding that molecules simultaneously diffusing, drifting (via slow flow), and binding to an array of nonsaturable surface traps have an exponentially decreasing probability of escaping the traps over time and therefore give rise to an exponentially decaying distribution of trapped molecules in space. This concept was tested with enzyme and protein measurements in a microfluidic device.
Factors influencing intercirculatory mixing in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries

Abstract Hemodynamic data from 100 patients, all 1 year old or older, with complete transposition of the great arteries are reviewed. The degree of intercirculatory mixing was correlated with the number and site of anatomic communications between the 2 circuits and also with the total flow through the pulmonary circuit. The mixing in patients with only 1 anatomic communication between the 2 circuits was generally equally good whether the communication was an atrial septal defect or a ventricular septal defect. The average mixing in patients with 2 communications was only slightly greater than that in patients with 1 communication. The evidence indicates that, in this select group of patients who are at least 1 year old, factors other than the number and location of potential mixing sites are important in determining the degree of mixing achieved. Total flow through the pulmonary circuit seems to be of great importance. Patients with a high level of pulmonary flow achieve good mixing. As total pulmonary flow decreases, generally secondary to increasing pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary vascular disease, intercirculatory mixing decreases substantially.
Progress Toward Development of a Multichannel Vestibular Prosthesis for Treatment of Bilateral Vestibular Deficiency

This article reviews vestibular pathology and the requirements and progress made in the design and construction of a vestibular prosthesis. Bilateral loss of vestibular sensation is disabling. When vestibular hair cells are injured by ototoxic medications or other insults to the labyrinth, the resulting loss of sensory input disrupts vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) and vestibulo-spinal reflexes that normally stabilize the eyes and body. Affected individuals suffer poor vision during head movement, postural instability, chronic disequilibrium, and cognitive distraction. Although most individuals with residual sensation compensate for their loss over time, others fail to do so and have no adequate treatment options. A vestibular prosthesis analogous to cochlear implants but designed to modulate vestibular nerve activity during head movement should improve quality of life for these chronically dizzy individuals. We describe the impact of bilateral loss of vestibular sensation, animal studies supporting feasibility of prosthetic vestibular stimulation, the current status of multichannel vestibular sensory replacement prosthesis development, and challenges to successfully realizing this approach in clinical practice. In bilaterally vestibular-deficient rodents and rhesus monkeys, the Johns Hopkins multichannel vestibular prosthesis (MVP) partially restores the three-dimensional (3D) VOR for head rotations about any axis. Attempts at prosthetic vestibular stimulation of humans have not yet included the 3D eye movement assays necessary to accurately evaluate VOR alignment, but these initial forays have revealed responses that are otherwise comparable to observations in animals. Current efforts now focus on refining electrode design and surgical technique to enhance stimulus selectivity and preserve cochlear function, optimizing stimulus protocols to improve dynamic range and reduce excitation-inhibition asymmetry, and adapting laboratory MVP prototypes into devices appropriate for use in clinical trials.
Moving away from methyl bromide: Political economy of pesticide transition for California strawberries since 2004

We examine the progress of the phaseout of the use of the pesticide methyl bromide in the production of California field strawberries. This phaseout is required under the Montreal Protocol and has been contentious in this sector, which receives exemptions from the schedule initially agreed under the treaty, and in international negotiations over the future of the Protocol. We examine the various ex-ante predictions of the impacts on growers, consumers and trade patterns in light of several years of declining allocations under the Critical Use provisions of the Protocol and the 2010 approval of iodomethane for use in California and subsequent 2012 withdrawal of this alternative from the US market. We find that, contrary to ex-ante industry claims, the years of declining methyl bromide use have been years of rising yields, acreage, exports, revenues and market share for California growers, even when faced with a global recession and increased imports from Mexican growers who retain the right to use the chemical under the Protocol. This has implications for the Protocol as a whole and for the remainder of the US phaseout of this chemical in particular.
Trace-element emissions from western U. S. coal-fired power plants

The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory program to evalute the trace elements in stack emissions from coal-fired power plants is described. Stack sampling and analysis of fly ash at modern, western U. S. power plants is discussed. Scanning-electron-microscope techniques are shown to be essential for accurate sizing of stack particles sampled with cascade impactors. Particle-size distributions for volatile and nonvolatile trace elements are reported. Comparisons show that the trace elemet enrichment factors of western and eastern U. S. coal-fired power plants are significantly different.
Effects of living conditions on drinking in the hooded rat.

Drinking of rats living in the main colony room was compared to drinking of animals in isolation. Animals consume the major portion of their daily intake during the dark phase of the day and the correlation between drinking and dark-light ratio is more apparent for animals in isolation.
Surface passivation and implications on high mobility channel performance (Invited Paper)

We review our recent studies of the passivation of the GaAs and InGaAs surface using a combination of insitu and ex situ surface analysis and capacitor measurements. We find that the control of Ga-oxides in particular appears to play an important role in understanding the characteristics of III-V MOS devices.
Comparison of surface density and volume of human iliac trabecular bone measured directly and by applied stereology

Twenty iliac crest cadaver specimens were obtained from 7 females and 13 males, ages 57–85 years, to empirically test the mathematically derived conversions of linear perimeter to three-dimensional area-volume ratios and to test the Delesse principle for volume. The scaling factor for linear perimeters was measured by coating the specimens with fast green stain. A weight per area coating constant was calculated and directly applied to the weight of coating on bone. External volume was measured by calipers and trabecular volume was measured by displacement. All data were repeated on the same specimens and correlated with standard histomorphometric technique. Our direct and histomorphometric measurements of volume on the same specimens showed almost identical means and were highly correlated (r=0.992,P<0.001). The direct and histomorphometric measures of surface density were also highly correlated (r=0.980,P<0.001). A comparison of values derived from 20 and 60 fields was run on the histomorphometric determinations of volume and surface density. The extremely high correlations for volume (r=0.995,P<0.001) and surface density (r=0.998,P<0.001) suggest that 20 fields are sufficient for these two measurements. The conclusions were that (a) Delesse' principle can be accurately applied to trabecular bone; (b) stereologic measures of bone volume are highly accurate; (c) inter- and intrapatient variation is due largely to sample site variation; (d) the direct measurement of trabecular surface was no different than the histomorphometric one; and (e) the conventional scaling factor of 4/π (1.273) is correct and is nearly identical to the empirically derived factor of 1.199.
Effects of the fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana on protein biosynthesis of infected Spodoptera exigua larvae

Vegetative development of Beauveria bassiana in the hemocoel of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua did not cause significant alterations in the profile of hemolymph proteins. Pulselabeling tissue explants revealed that vegetative growth of B. bassiana hyphal bodies did not impact the biosynthetic capability of either the fat body or cuticle epidermis, both major sites of host protein synthesis. Even at the late stage of hyphal body development, when concentrations reached 3 x 10” fungal cells per ~1 of hemolymph, both fat body and cuticle explants were capable of synthesizing and secreting the majority of proteins detected in naive samples. Hemocyte cultures were found to secrete significantly fewer labeled proteins than either fat body or cuticle explants. Replication of hyphal bodies in hemocyte cultures established from infected larvae induced the synthesis and secretion of 3 peptides having M, of 31, 32 and 40 kDa. Interestingly, peptides having identical M,s were detected in infected cell free hemolymph samples. These peptides did not correspond to proteins induced in response to heat shock suggesting that they may represent in vivo produced fungal metabolites. At the very late vegetative growth stage, the hyphal bodies produced germ tubes which invaded host tissues. Unlike the hyphal bodies, the mycelial tissue invasion phase inhibited host protein biosynthesis and produced a range of exocellular peptides. Beauveria bassiana Insect mycopathogens Spodoptera exigua Insect proteins Insect disease
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of weekly 5-fluorouracil administered with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and high-dose leucovorin: A potential role for growth factor as mucosal protectant

Diarrhea is dose-limiting with weekly 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus high-dose leucovorin (LV). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been associated with a decrease in chemotherapy-associated mucosal toxicity. This study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of weekly 5-FU when administered with GM-CSF and high-dose LV. Patients were treated with intravenous LV 500 mg/m2 plus 5-FU weekly for six doses followed by a 2-week rest. GM-CSF 250 mg/m2 was administered subcutaneously 5 days each week. Cohorts were treated with 5-FU at 600, 700, and 800 mg/m2 weekly. Twenty-nine patients were treated. The MTD of 5-FU in this schedule was 700 mg/m2/week, with diarrhea dose-limiting. 5-FU delivered dose intensity at the MTD was 424 ± 23.7 mg/m2/week, including rest periods. 5-FU and LV pharmacokinetics were not altered by concurrent treatment with GM-CSF. In a weekly schedule with high-dose LV and GM-CSF, the MTD of 5-FU and 5-FU delivered dose intensity were higher than pr...
Simulation of Fiber Entanglement by Modeling Vorticity in Water Flow Field

This research developed a model of the hydroentanglement process, based on the first principles of fluid mechanics. This model proceeded from the assumption that fiber entanglement in the hydroenta...
Resolution enhancement techniques for contact hole printing of sub-50nm memory device

In resolution limited lithography process, the contact hole pattern is one of the most challenging features to be printed on wafer. A lot of lithographers struggle to make robust hole patterns under 45nm node, especially if the contact hole patterns are composed of dense array and isolated hole simultaneously. The strong OAI(Off Axis Illumination) such as dipole is very useful technique to enhance resolution for specific features. However the contact hole formed by dipole illumination usually has elliptical shape and the asymmetric feature leads to increment of chip size. In this paper, we will explore the lithographic feasibility for the coexisting dense array with isolated contact holes and the technical issues are investigated to generate finer contact hole for both dense and isolated feature. Conventional illumination with resist shrinkage technique will be used to generate dense array and isolated contact hole maintaining original shape for the sub-50nm node memory device.
Effect of autonomic nervous system dysfunction on the circadian pattern of myocardial ischemia in diabetes mellitus

Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of ambulatory myocardial ischemia in patients with diabetes mellitus and to delineate the relation between the presence and severity of autonomic nervous system dysfunction and the incidence and time of onset of myocardial ischemia. Background. Conflicting data exist with regard to the circadian pattern of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events, such as ambulatory ischemia, in diabetes. Methods. We performed ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in 60 patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. Autonomic nervous system testing was performed in a subgroup of 25 patients with myocardial ischemia after discontinuation of all antianginal medications. Results. Thirty-eight of 60 patients had evidence of ambulatory ischemia; 91% of all ischemic episodes were asymptomatic. The 25 patients with ambulatory ischemia who underwent autonomic nervous system testing had a peak incidence of ischemia between 6 amand noon (46 of 133 ischemic episodes, p < 0.007), compared with the other three 6-h periods. Fifteen of the 25 patients had no or mild autonomic nervous system dysfunction and demonstrated a similar peak incidence of ischemia between 6 amand noon (p = 0.0009). However, the 10 patients with moderate to severe autonomic nervous system dysfunction did not experience a morning peak of ischemia, and the number of ischemic episodes was distributed evenly throughout the day (p = 0.4). Conclusions. Silent ischemia is highly prevalent among patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. Time of onset of ischemia in diabetic patients follows a circadian distribution, with a peak incidence in the morning hours. However, patients with significant autonomic nervous system dysfunction did not demonstrate such a peak, suggesting that alterations in sympathovagal balance may have an effect on the circadian pattern of cardiovascular events.