cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Per-flow counting for big network data stream over sliding windows

Per-flow counting for big network data streams is a fundamental problem in various network applications such as traffic monitoring, load balancing, capacity planning, etc. Traditional research focused on designing compact data structures to estimate flow sizes from the beginning of the data stream (i.e., landmark window model). However, for many applications, the most recent elements of a stream are more significant than those arrived long time ago, which gives rise to the sliding window model. In this paper, we consider per-flow counting over the sliding window model, and propose two novel solutions, ACE and S-ACE. Instead of allocating a separate data structure for each flow, both solutions utilize the counter sharing idea to reduce memory footprint, so they can be implemented in on-chip SRAMs in modern routers to keep up with the line speed. ACE has to reset the sliding window periodically to give precise estimates, while S-ACE based on a novel segment design can achieve persistently accurate estimates. Our extensive simulations as well as experimental evaluations based on real network traffic trace demonstrate that S-ACE can achieve fast processing speed and high measurement accuracy even with a very tight memory.
Introduction: Anthropocentrism, the Anthropocene, and the Apocalypse

Here I establish my focus and rhetorical approach—literature as persuasive. Foremost, this chapter lays out the scientific but also cultural, theoretical, and religious contexts for the literary texts discussed in subsequent chapters. I provide definitions of anthropocentrism and its alternatives (“soft” anthropocentrism, ecocentrism); show my work’s relationship with the Anthropocene; comment on some of the implications of my research for the growing field of posthumanist studies; discuss the relationship of the works I discuss with scientific predictions of human extinction; and comment on popular conceptions of the apocalypse in popular culture and in Western religions.
Evaluation of Selected Durability Properties of Portland Cement Concretes Containing Ground Glass Fiber as a Pozzolan

Glass fibers are produced in large quantities around the world for the production of fiber glass composites and for other reinforcement applications. However, considering the stringent quality requ...
Moral health : Responsibility in therapeutic culture

A partir du lien entre moralite et sante mentale etabli par Platon dans la «Republique», l'A. examine le role de la responsabilite morale dans la culture therapeutique contemporaine.
Algae, Coagulation, and Ozonation

In addition to the direct disinfecting and oxidizing benefits of ozone, several secondary benefits have been attributed to its use. These include 1) microflocculation (i.e., the spontanaeous flocculation of particles), 2) a reduction in coagulant dosages, 3) improved water quality (usually measured as turbidity) following filtration through deep bed granular filters, and 4) a reduction in the filter bed head loss gradient. How ozone causes a reduction in the coagulant dose or induces flocculation is not well understood. Several proposed mechanisms are listed and discussed in a recently published book on ozone (Langlais, Reckhow, and Brink, 1991). These include: 1) increased Al complexation with natural organic matter (NOM), 2) increased Ca complexation with NOM, 3) reduction in particle stability due to loss of adsorbed organic matter from natural particles, 4) polymerization of NOM, 5) break-up of metal-organic complexes such as iron yielding in situ production of metal coagulant, and 6) reactions with algae.
The Millian Theory of Names and the Problems of Negative Existentials and Non-Referring Names

A theory of the meaning of proper names must provide an answer to this question: “what kinds of propositions are typically expressed by uses of sentences which contain proper names?” There are two major types of theories of the meaning of proper names: Millian and Fregean. The Millian Theory (type) entails that typical uses of sentences which contain proper names express singular propositions; singular propositions have individuals — rocks, chairs, planets, and persons — as well as qualities or relations as constituents. The Fregean Theory (type) entails that such uses express qualitative propositions; qualitative propositions have qualities or relations, but not individuals, as constituents. Each theory (type) has its apparent successes and failures, and, often, what is regarded as one’s failure is viewed as its rival’s success.
The Psychology of Counseling. Edwin C. Lewis/Test Scores and What They Mean. (2nd ed.) Howard B. Lyman/Readings in Statistics. Joseph A. Steger, Editor/Human Resources and Higher Education. Staff Report of the Commission on Human Resources and Advanced Education. John K. Folger, Helen S. Astin, and Alan E. Bayer

(1971). The Psychology of Counseling. Edwin C. Lewis/Test Scores and What They Mean. (2nd ed.) Howard B. Lyman/Readings in Statistics. Joseph A. Steger, Editor/Human Resources and Higher Education. Staff Report of the Commission on Human Resources and Advanced Education. John K. Folger, Helen S. Astin, and Alan E. Bayer. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 118-121.
JAK/STAT inhibition in macrophages promotes therapeutic resistance by inducing expression of protumorigenic factors

Tumor-associated macrophages contribute to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer. Within the tumor microenvironment, tumor-derived factors activate pathways that modulate macrophage function. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we find that tumor-derived factors induce activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in macrophages. We also demonstrate that loss of STAT3 in myeloid cells leads to enhanced mammary tumorigenesis. Further studies show that macrophages contribute to resistance of mammary tumors to the JAK/STAT inhibitor ruxolitinib in vivo and that ruxolitinib-treated macrophages produce soluble factors that promote resistance of tumor cells to JAK inhibition in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate that STAT3 deletion and JAK/STAT inhibition in macrophages increases expression of the protumorigenic factor cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and that COX-2 inhibition enhances responsiveness of tumors to ruxolitinib. These findings define a mechanism through which macrophages promote therapeutic resistance and highlight the importance of understanding the impact of targeted therapies on the tumor microenvironment.
Multiscale theory in the molecular simulation of electrolyte solutions.

To define a role for AIMD simulation on the limited time and space scales accessible to those demanding methods, this paper organizes McMillan–Mayer theory, the potential distribution approach, and...
Improving Advance Care Planning in a Resident Primary Care Clinic.

Introduction:Two-thirds of chronically ill patients do not have an advance directive. The primary aim of this study was to develop an intervention to increase the documentation of advance directive...
The More (Antennas), the Merrier: A Survey of Silicon-Based mm-Wave Phased Arrays Using Multi-IC Scaling

Phased-array antenna technology has had a broad impact for more than half a century, spanning radio astronomy and radar, and is about to ignite a significant shift in the operation of mobile communications. Its general principle is to use an array of wireless transmitters (Txs) or receivers (Rxs) to focus and steer energy. The focus is achieved by creating an interference pattern from the antenna array to enable constructive interference in the desired direction and destructive interference in all of the other directions; the steering is accomplished by modifying the delays at each antenna element in the array to control the directions of constructive and destructive interference [1]-[3].
A comparison of a public and private university of the effects of low-cost streaming services and income on movie piracy

Abstract This paper examines factors that affect online movie piracy activity. Specifically, the authors examine the impact of inexpensive legal streaming services, such as Netflix, and household family income as well as gender. A sample of college students at a private university, representing a more affluent population, are compared with students from a public institution. Initial findings indicate differences between the two samples. Lastly, although digital piracy is reduced among the samples, it does still exist suggesting a much more complex issue than previously thought.
The rate-controlling mechanism(s) during plastic deformation of polycrystalline NaCl at 0.28–0.75 TM

The plastic deformation kinetics of polycrystalline 99.9% NaCl were determined in compression at 23–532°C (0.28–0.75TM) and a strain rate e = 8.3 × 10−4 s−1. The rate-controlling mechanism at 0.28–0.65 TM (σ/μ 3 × 10−4) were in accord with the Weertman-Dorn creep equation. At T > 0.5 TM the decrease in strain hardening with strain and temperature was attributed to cross slip, leading to a brittle-to-ductile transition at 0.5 TM. Dislocation climb was deduced to become more important at higher temperatures. The stress-strain curves were described reasonably well by the Bergstrom-Roberts dislocation multiplication model.
Capital Budgeting In Practice: Issues Not Addressed In Finance Texts

Undergraduate and graduate finance textbooks present the capital budgeting process as a formal quantitative process. Absent from this model is any meaningful discussion of the role of qualitative factors in long-term investment analysis. Our findings reveal that for most firms, the conventional textbook approach to capital budgeting is not practiced in the business world. We find that qualitative factors play a critical, and in many cases, a dominant role in the capital budgeting process. The purpose of this paper is to help instructors provide guidance for students in understanding the way quantitative and qualitative capital budgeting tools are actually used in practice. This knowledge will help students use these skills much more effectively and allow them to successfully integrate themselves into a company’s capital budgeting process. Furthermore, this understanding will help the student bridge the gap between education and practice.
Mystical Love in Confession X: An Inquiry on the Name of the Divine

“God ” is, in the first place, a name. Before being a person or Being, the name “God” could be anything imaginable. “What’s in a name?” “Who is the one that we love and how could we finally give account to it?” Such are the questions this paper will try to answer. This study will conduct a reading based largely on Augustine’s Confessions X, and will be dissected into two smaller parts. In the first part, I will propose the possibility of applying a mystical approach to address this issue. Then I will examine how the saint travels across his memory in search of God, as a demonstration of the mystical journey into love.
Impact of MGUS and myeloma on skeletal health

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy that evolves from a premalignant condition termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). MM is the most frequent cancer that involves the skeleton, with 90% of patients eventually developing bone lesions. Bone involvement causes devastating consequences for MM patients, including pathological fractures that occur in 50%–60% of patients and are present in 20% of patients at diagnosis. These fractures cause severe bone pain and increase mortality risk by 20%. MM increases localized bone resorption and suppresses bone formation, causing purely lytic lesions that usually do not repair. MGUS also affects the skeleton, with MGUS patients having a 1.7-fold increased fracture incidence compared to age-matched controls. In this chapter the mechanisms responsible for the impact of MGUS and MM on the skeleton and therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat MGUS- and MM-induced bone disease are discussed.
Rapid Expansion of Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cell Types in the CNS of Susceptible Mice Infected with Theiler's Virus.

The infection of susceptible mice with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induces a T cell-mediated demyelinating disease. This system has been studied as a relevant infection model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, defining the type of T cell responses and their functions is critically important for understanding the relevant pathogenic mechanisms. In this study, we adoptively transferred naive VP2-specific TCR-Tg CD4+ T cells into syngeneic susceptible SJL mice and monitored the development of the disease and the activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells during the early stages of viral infection. The preexisting VP2-specific naive CD4+ T cells promoted the pathogenesis of the disease in a dose-dependent manner. The transferred VP2-specific CD4+ T cells proliferated rapidly in the CNS starting at 2–3 dpi. High levels of FoxP3+CD4+ T cells were found in the CNS early in viral infection (3 dpi) and persisted throughout the infection. Activated VP2-specific FoxP3+CD4+ T cells inhibited the production of IFN-γ, but not IL-17, via the same VP2-specific CD4+ T cells without interfering in proliferation. Thus, the early presence of regulatory T cells in the CNS with viral infection may favor the induction of pathogenic Th17 cells over protective Th1 cells in susceptible mice, thereby establishing the pathogenesis of virus-induced demyelinating disease.
Who is the holy seed?: Purity and identity in the Restoration Community:

Interpreters often note the way in which the phrase ‘holy seed’ links Isa. 6.13 and Ezra 9.2. However, few explore how these texts apply the phrase to different communities/groups of people in anci...
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome with Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report and a Narrative Review of the Literature

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene deletion condition. The WHS core phenotype includes developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, seizures, and distinctive facial features. Various other comorbidities have also been reported, such as hearing loss, heart defects, as well as eye problems and kidney problems. In this report, we present a case of WHS accompanied by hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia, which has not been previously reported. A girl was born at 37 weeks of gestation by vaginal delivery. She was small for the gestational age (2,045 g) and admitted to neonatal intensive care unit. She had typical WHS facial features and was found to have bilateral small kidneys associated with transient metabolic acidosis and renal insufficiency. She had right-sided sensorineural hearing loss, a small atrial septal defect, and colpocephaly and hypoplasia of corpus callosum. She had a single seizure which was well controlled with an oral antiepileptic medication. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated a large terminal chromosome 4p deletion (21.4 Mb) and 4p duplication (2.1 Mb) adjacent to the deletion. A unique finding in this patient is her consistently elevated levels of parathyroid hormone and serum calcium, suggesting hyperparathyroidism. We present this rare case along with a review of the literature and hope to draw an attention to a potential relationship between WHS and hyperparathyroidism.
Perioperative outcomes of carotid endarterectomy and transfemoral and transcervical carotid artery stenting in radiation-induced carotid lesions

Abstract Objective Limited data are available to guide the choice of intervention for patients with radiation-induced carotid stenosis (RICS), either transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR), transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TFCAS), or carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate patients who had undergone these carotid artery interventions for RICS and the associated outcomes. Methods Patients in the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) carotid artery stenting surveillance project registry and the SVS VQI CEA modules who had undergone carotid artery intervention (TCAR, TFCAS, or CEA) for RICS were included. Those aged >90 years and those with concomitant interventions (eg, coronary bypass) were excluded. A composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included death, MI, stroke, cranial nerve injury (CNI), and other local and systemic complications. Multivariable logistic regression controlling for presenting symptomatic status and comorbid medical conditions was conducted for the outcome variables, except for death, which was analyzed using Cox regression modeling. Results A total of 1927 patients with RICS had undergone CEA (n = 1172), TCAR (n = 253), or TFCAS (n = 502). The CEA group had a higher rate of diabetes (31% vs 25% for TCAR and 25% for TFCAS; P = .01), hypertension (85% vs 82% for TCAR and 79% for TFCAS; P Conclusions RICS patients treated by TCAR in the SVS VQI had the lowest risk of the composite of stroke, death, and MI and CNI. Therefore, TCAR might be the preferred treatment modality. Further comparative studies are needed to evaluate the long-term outcomes in this population and to elucidate the relationship of these procedures to the individual outcomes of stroke, MI, and death.
Aminopolycarboxylates in trivalent f-element separations

Abstract Aminopolycarboxylate reagents strongly bind a variety of metal ions. Trivalent f-elements are no exception. The formed complexes are very stable, especially when aminopolycarboxylate structure contains multiple aminoacetate groups. The efficient coordination of trivalent f-elements by these reagents prompted decades of research and development efforts devoted to separation and purification of f-block metal ions. This chapter overviews the fundamental and applied aspects of aminopolycarboxylate use in trivalent f-element separations. First, a brief synopsis on how the chemical properties of 4f and 5f metal ions determine their similar solution behavior is followed by a discussion of aqueous complexation as means to perturb it. The synthetic methodologies for preparation of aminopolycarboxylate complexants are discussed next. Fundamental features of trivalent f-element complexation by aminopolycarboxylates are summarized, focusing on a variety of structure-function relationships demonstrated for this class of chelators and theoretical efforts to accurately describe such coordination environments. Finally, historical accounts of aminopolycarboxylate use in 4f and 5f element separations are supplemented by recent advances in those research fields.
Kennedy Space Center Launch and Landing Support

The presentations describes Kennedy Space Center (KSC) payload processing, facilities and capabilities, and research development and life science experience. Topics include launch site processing, payload processing, key launch site processing roles, leveraging KSC experience, Space Station Processing Facility and capabilities, Baseline Data Collection Facility, Space Life Sciences Laboratory and capabilities, research payload development, International Space Station research flight hardware, KSC flight payload history, and KSC life science expertise.
Alterations in cerebral protein-synthesizing systems during maturation.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the changing properties of cytoplasmic ribosomes of cerebral origin during development and the possible relationship of these changes to specialized function in the central nervous system. Recent interest in the mechanisms of protein synthesis in the nervous system derives from the concept that certain proteins in neural tissues and the regulatory processes involved in their biosynthesis may be directly concerned with coding, storage and transmission of information. Quantitatively, the most important site of protein synthesis in the brain, as in other organs, is the cytoplasmic ribosome. Protein synthesis also occurs on ribosomes in mitochondria of neurons and glia and possibly synaptic and other neuronal structures. In searching for the relevance of the present observations to the specialized biological properties of the higher centers of the brain, it seems reasonable to suggest that the instability of certain messenger RNA-ribosome complexes in the adult cerebrum may provide a highly-responsive mechanism for associating the synthesis of certain proteins with the coding, storage, and utilization of information. These properties of cerebral protein-synthesizing system develop concomitantly with neuronal maturation.
How (Not) to Think Like a Punisher

This article examines the several and sometimes contradictory accounts of sentencing in proposed revisions to the Model Penal Code. At times, sentencing appears to be an art, dependent upon practical wisdom; in other instances, sentencing seems more of a science, dependent upon close analysis of empirical data. I argue that the new Code provisions are at their best when they acknowledge the legal and political complexities of sentencing, and at their worst when they invoke the rhetoric of desert. When the Code focuses on the sentencing process in political context, it offers opportunities to deploy both practical wisdom and empirical analysis that may actually make American sentencing less arbitrary and, importantly, less severe. When the Code retreats to retributive or desert theory, it appeals to indeterminate and unpredictable principles that threaten to undermine the new provisions’ more salutary proposals.
Finding and Fostering Learning: What College and University Leaders Need to Know and What They Can Do.

Learning is a core part of all forms of higher education work. College leaders of all kinds—administrators, staff, faculty, and students—must know how to seek out and support the wide array of learning that can go on in colleges and universities.
A comparison of undergraduate student performance in online and traditional courses

As online instruction becomes more prevalent at the college and university level, researchers are attempting to measure the success of these programs using a variety of methodologies, instruments, and sample sizes. There is a need for continued exploration and study to assure quality instruction. The purpose of this study was to compare course performance over time between online and traditional classroom students enrolled in a required management information systems course included in the business school's common professional component. The online delivery method was found to be effective, but performance, as measured by final course grades, showed a significantly lower mean score than students enrolled in traditional sections of the course. Other findings indicated that traditional course designs can be adequately adapted to the online model and that collaborative course development can lead to a level of consistency in student performance within high demand courses.
The two freedoms, economic growth and development: An empirical study

Log-linear methods are applied to categorical data containing economic freedom, political freedom, the level of income, and the rate of economic growth for a panel of about 100 countries from 1975 to 1992. The main results are: given economic freedom, the rate of economic growth is independent of political freedom and the level of income; given the level of income, political freedom is independent of economic freedom and the growth rate. The analysis suggests the fundamental effects of economic freedom in fostering economic growth, and a high level of income as the condition of a high degree of political freedom.
Intracellular localization of ornithine and arginine pools in Neurospora.

Abstract The intracellular localization of the large pools of ornithine and arginine in Neurospora has been investigated. Over 90% of both amino acids were found to be associated with an osmotically sensitive organelle. This organelle, termed the "vesicle," is readily distinguishable from mitochondria on sucrose gradients. The association of ornithine and arginine with this vesicle is not an artifact of cell fractionation, and appears to reflect their intracellular localization within a membrane-enclosed structure. Other amino acids also appear to be localized within the vesicle. These results provide evidence for a compartmentation mechanism which withholds endogenous ornithine and arginine from catabolic fates.
Processing and retrieving handwritten medical forms

POSTER PAPER. Automatic indexing and searching in handwritten medical forms is a very important task. It is very challenging due to the poor image quality and the consequent low OCR performance. We describe a handwritten document retrieval system that improves the existing techniques in two respects. First, we present a Markov Random Fields based preprocessing algorithm that improves the image quality and OCR performance. Second, we improve the existing retrieval techniques by utilizing the OCR probabilities and language model into the term-weight scheme.
Thoracoschisis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Thoracoschisis is an extremely rare congenital birth defect in which intra-abdominal organs eviscerate through a defect in the thoracic wall1. There are only seven previously reported pediatric cases and in each case, there is some diaphragmatic anomaly, suggesting that the defect took place before complete formation of the diaphragm. Our patient was referred to us from a local hospital immediately after delivery. The patient was born with a thoracoschisis of the left side below the 8th intercostal space. The thoracoschisis was repaired. Although there is a high prevalence of cardiac defects among thoracoschisis patients, this patient shows only small atrial septal defects.
Correlates of vigorous exercise in a predominantly low SES and minority high school population.

Background. This study identifies correlates of vigorous exercise among minority and low-socioeconomic-status adolescents. Methods. Ninth and 11th grade students completed 1,634 questionnaires regarding vigorous exercise and possible correlates. Results. While 76% of students participated in vigorous exercise 3 or more times per week (the year 2000 goal for the nation), only 55% participated in vigorous exercise 3 or more times per week outside of school. A substantial minority of students (20%) did not participate in any vigorous exercise outside of school, and 11% did not participate in any vigorous exercise at all. Males and 9th graders participated in significantly more vigorous exercise than did females and 11th graders both in school physical education and outside of school. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses with 28 independent variables were computed separately for males (R = 0.44, F(28,625) = 5.27, P < 0.001) and females (R = 0.45, F(28,622) = 5.56, P < 0.001). Correlates were similar for both groups and included self-efficacy, family, and friend support. Conclusions. Results suggest that among minority and lower socioeconomic status adolescents the prevalence of vigorous exercise decreases with age or when students are not required to participate in school physical education and that social factors may be instrumental for sustaining vigorous exercise.
Combined inhibition of p38 and Akt signaling pathways abrogates cyclosporine A-mediated pathogenesis of aggressive skin SCCs.

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common neoplasm in organ transplant recipients (OTRs). These cancers are more invasive and metastatic as compared to those developed in normal cohorts. Previously, we have shown that immunosuppressive drug, cyclosporine A (CsA) directly alters tumor phenotype of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) by activating TGF-β and TAK1/TAB1 signaling pathways. Here, we identified novel molecular targets for the therapeutic intervention of these SCCs. We observed that combined blockade of Akt and p38 kinases-dependent signaling pathways in CsA-promoted human epidermoid carcinoma A431 xenograft tumors abrogated their growth by more than 90%. This diminution in tumor growth was accompanied by a significant decrease in proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. The residual tumors following the combined treatment with Akt inhibitor triciribine and p38 inhibitors SB-203580 showed significantly diminished expression of phosphorylated Akt and p38 and these tumors were less invasive and highly differentiated. Diminished tumor invasiveness was associated with the reduced epithelial–mesenchymal transition as ascertained by the enhanced E-cadherin and reduced vimentin and N-cadherin expression. Consistently, these tumors also manifested reduced MMP-2/9. The decreased p-Akt expression was accompanied by a significant reduction in p-mTOR. These data provide first important combinatorial pharmacological approach to block the pathogenesis of CsA-induced highly aggressive cutaneous neoplasm in OTRs.
A Historical Analysis of the Curriculum of Organic Chemistry Using ACS Exams as Artifacts

Standardized examinations, such as those developed and disseminated by the ACS Examinations Institute, are artifacts of the teaching of a course and over time may provide a historical perspective on how curricula have changed and evolved. This study investigated changes in organic chemistry curricula across a 60-year period by evaluating 18 ACS Organic Chemistry Exams through the lenses of problem-type, visualization use, content covered, and percentile rankings. For all lenses, the early 1970s emerged as a focal point for change and stabilization of the organic chemistry curricula.
Identification of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) specific HLA-DR1-restricted T-cell epitopes.

BACKGROUND Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is a prostate cancer tumor antigen and is an immunological target in several active immunotherapy clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer. We and others have demonstrated that PAP-specific T-cell responses can be elicited and augmented following antigen-specific immunization in both humans and animal models. We have previously reported that prostate cancer patients immunized with a DNA vaccine encoding PAP (pTVG-HP) developed both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. PAP-specific, CD4+ T-cell proliferative responses were generated in three out of four HLA-DRB1*0101 patients suggesting the possibility that DR1-restricted epitopes exist. METHODS To identify PAP-specific HLA-DRB1*0101 restricted epitopes, we immunized HLA-A2.01/HLA-DRB1*0101 (A2/DR1) transgenic mice with the pTVG-HP DNA vaccine. To map DRB1*0101-restricted epitopes, splenocytes from immunized mice were screened against a library of overlapping 15-residue, PAP-derived peptides using an IFNγ ELISPOT assay. RESULTS We identified four HLA-DRB1*0101 epitopes for PAP in A2/DR1 mice (PAP161–175, PAP181–195, PAP191–205, and PAP 351–365). T cells specific for one epitope (PAP181–195) were found to be augmented after immunization in a HLA-DRB1*0101+ prostate cancer patient. CONCLUSIONS The identification of MHC class II epitopes may provide tools to directly monitor immune responses after vaccination and may be important for the design of future prostate cancer vaccines. Prostate 72:730–740, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cultural richness versus cultural large scale insights: culture, globalization, and it workers

The increasing globalization of business and of the Information Technology (IT) workforce has increased interest in cross-cultural issues associated with distributed software development, virtual teams, and cultural conflict or collaboration using information and communication technologies (ICT's) [6]. We continue to see a reliance on studies using quantitative methods that compare a limited number of cultural variables (such as Hofstede's 1984), often because of the challenges associated with richer interpretive or ethnographic studies. Ethnography is a traditional design approach when studying rich cultural issues, deeply rooted in anthropology and goals of rich, emic description, and understanding [1]. Unfortunately, in information systems (IS) research, there is a predominant emphasis on quantitative survey designs, sacrificing cultural richness for broader sampling of more limited variables. Our extended abstract proposes mixed method designs that incorporate both quantitative and qualitative methods as a viable, richer alternative to survey research of cultural studies. For purposes of our presentation at ACM SIGMIS-CPR, we are providing some preliminary arguments from our larger study where additional research is analyzed and compared. To illustrate our points, however, we briefly compare two IS cultural studies, one using comparative ethnography and one using a sequential, phased mixed method design. Our goal is not to discourage rich cultural ethnographies, but to provide a viable alternative approach that may enable more culture research in IS.
Simple viscous-inviscid aerodynamic analysis of two-dimensional augmentors

A theory for the computation of two-dimension al thrust augmentor performance has been developed. The flowfield is assumed to be incompressible, of uniform density, and statistically steady. The flowfield in and around the augmentor is assumed to consist of an outer inviscid part and an inner viscous part. The outer field is computed analytically and then matched with the inner field, which is computed by integral methods. Some of the theoretical results are compared with recently acquired experimental data. b h I k
Janocchio--a Java applet for viewing 3D structures and calculating NMR couplings and NOEs.

We present a Java applet, based on the open source Jmol program, which allows the calculation of coupling constants and NOEs from a three-dimensional structure. The program has all the viewing features of Jmol, but adds the capability to calculate both H–H and H–C 3-bond couplings constants. In the case of HH couplings, the Altona equation is used to perform this. The program also calculates NOEs using the full relaxation matrix approach. All these calculations are driven from a simple point and click interface. The program can calculate values for multi-structure files, and can produce input files for the conformational fitting program NAMFIS. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Vitro Prostaglandin E2 Stimulation of 45 Ca Mobilization from Chick Bone

The ability of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to mobilize /sup 45/Ca from chick embryo long bones was assayed in an in vitro bone culture system. Concentrations of PGE2 tested ranged from 10(-9) to 10(-5) M. The PGE2 was effective in stimulating release of /sup 45/Ca from prelabelled bones at all concentrations tested except at 10(-9) M. In addition, stimulation of /sup 45/Ca release could be produced daily for 4 consecutive days of PGE2 culture-pulsing at what appeared to be the optimal PGE2 concentration, 10(-7) M. The authors conclude, as in mammals, PGE2 is a potent stimulator of calcium mobilization from avian bone. The potential involvement of prostaglandins in eggshell formation is discussed.
A Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plant Simulation Model

As interest for clean renewable electric power technologies grows, a number of parabolic trough power plants of various configurations are being considered for deployment around the globe. It is essential that plant designs be optimized for each specific application. The optimum design must consider the capital cost, operations and maintenance cost, annual generation, financial requirements, and time-of-use value of the power generated. Developers require the tools for evaluating tradeoffs between these various project elements. This paper provides an overview of a computer model that is being used by scientists and developers to evaluate the tradeoff between cost, performance, and economic parameters for parabolic trough solar power plant technologies. An example is included which shows how this model has been used for a thermal storage design optimization.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Intrinsic Properties of the ⟨z⟩ = 2.7 Lyα Forest from Keck Spectra of Quasar HS 1946+7658

We present the highest quality Ly? forest spectra published to date. We have complete 7.9 km s-1 FWHM spectra between the Ly? and Ly? emission lines of the bright, high-redshift (V = 15.9, z = 3.05) QSO HS 1946+7658. The mean redshift of observed Ly? forest clouds is z = 2.7. The spectrum has a signal-to-noise ratio per pixel of 2 km s-1 that varies from 15 at 4190 ? to 100 at 4925 ?. The absorption lines in the spectrum have been fitted with Voigt profiles, and the distribution of Voigt parameters has been analyzed. We show that fitting Voigt profiles to high quality data does not give unique results. We have performed simulations to differentiate between true features of the line distributions and artifacts of line blending and the fitting process. We show that the distribution of H I column densities is a power law of slope -1.5 from N(H I) = 1014 cm-2 to N(H I) 1013 cm-2.
Electromagnetic Wave Scattering by Small Impedance Particles of an Arbitrary Shape and Applications

The proposal deals with electromagnetic (EM) wave scattering by one and many small impedance particles of an arbitrary shape. Analytic formula is derived for EM wave scattering by one small impedance particle of an arbitrary shape and an integral equation for the effective field in the medium where many such particles are embedded. These results are applied for creating a medium with a desired refraction coefficient. The proposed theory has no analogs in the literature. (Mathematical Subject Classiffication: 35J05, 35J25, 65N12, 78A25, 78A48.)
Large-signal characterization of unipolar III-V semiconductor diodes at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies

Large-signal characterizations are performed for n-GaAs and n-InP diodes operating in oscillator circuits at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. A CAD approach, consisting of a physical device model and an efficient numerical solution method, is used to analyze several sample diode structures with different material properties and geometries. The large-signal simulation results are reported for X-band and Q-band diodes, and are found to correlate well with results obtained from both laboratory experiment and large-scale ensemble Monte Carlo calculations. >
Depression and Risk for Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.

Abstract Objective Many studies have reported the relationship between depression and diabetes, but the results have been inconsistent. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review through meta-analysis to assess the association of depression with the risk for developing diabetes. Methods We retrieved the studies concerning depression and the risk for diabetes. Meta-analysis was applied to calculate the combined effect values and their 95% confidence intervals. The risk for publication bias was assessed by the Egger regression asymmetry test. Results As many as 33 articles were included in the meta-analysis, for a total of 2 411 641 participants. The pooled relative risk for diabetes was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.25–1.59) for depression, and the combined relative risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.18–1.47). Conclusions Depressed people have a 41% increased risk for developing diabetes mellitus and a 32% increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms underlying this relationship are still unclear and need further research.
Molecular recognition directed self‐assembly of tubular supramolecular architectures from building blocks containing monodendrons as exo‐receptors and crown‐ or pseudo‐crown‐ethers as endo‐receptors

The principles of self-assembly of tapered exo-receptors constructed from monodendrons containing crown-ether, oligooxyethylenic groups and polymer backbones as endo-receptors into tubular supramolecular architectures are described with selected examples. In the case of polymers with flexible backbones it is suggested that a helical chain conformation is induced during the assembly of its own tapered side groups. This mechanism is supported by the enhanced self-assembling ability of tapered side groups attached to a backbone with rigid helical conformation.
Extrahypothalamic Control of Stress-Induced Inhibition of Growth Hormone Secretion in the Rat11

The aim of these experiments was to determine whether the telencephalon is essential for stress-induced suppression of plasma GH levels and, if so, which telencephalic structures are involved. In the first study, the telencephalon was completely removed from adult female rats by suction; intact and sham-operated rats served as controls. At 24 h after surgery, blood samples were collected at the initiation of and 15 min after a 3-min immobilization- blood withdrawal stress procedure and used for determining non-stress and stress plasma levels of GH, respectively. GH was measured by radioimmunoassay. In contrast to the normal stressinduced decrements in GH levels observed in controls, this response was blocked and stress caused a paradoxical increase (P<0.01) in GH levels in telencephalon-ablated rats. These results suggested that the telencephalon is essential for stress-induced inhibition of GH secretion. Therefore, the several components of the telencephalon were ablated individually in additional experi...
Evidence that a Single Monomer of Spx Can Productively Interact with RNA Polymerase in Bacillus subtilis

Spx activates transcription initiation in Bacillus subtilis by directly interacting with the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme α subunit, which generates a complex that recognizes the promoter regions of genes within the Spx regulon. Many Gram-positive species possess multiple paralogs of Spx, suggesting that two paralogous forms of Spx could simultaneously contact RNAP. The composition of Spx/RNAP was examined in vitro using an Spx variant (SpxΔCHA) bearing a 12-amino-acid deletion of the C terminus (SpxΔC) and a hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tag and Spxc-Myc, a full-length Spx with a C-terminal myelocytomatosis oncoprotein (c-Myc) epitope tag. All Spx/RNAP complexes bearing deletion or C-terminal-tagged variants were transcriptionally active in vivo and in vitro. Reaction mixtures containing SpxΔCHA and Spxc-Myc combined with RNAP were applied to either anti-HA or anti-c-Myc affinity columns. Eluted fractions contained RNAP with only one of the epitope-tagged Spx derivatives. The resin-bound RNAP complex bearing a single epitope-tagged Spx derivative was transcriptionally active. In vivo production of SpxΔC and SpxΔCHA followed by anti-HA affinity column chromatography of a cleared lysate resulted in retrieval of Spx/RNAP with only the SpxΔCHA derivative. Binding reactions that combined active Spxc-Myc, inactive Spx(R60E)ΔCHA, and RNAP, when applied to the anti-HA affinity column, yielded only inactive Spx(R60E)ΔCHA/RNAP complexes. The results strongly argue for a model in which a single Spx monomer engages RNAP to generate an active transcriptional complex.
Approaches to prostatic cancer chemotherapy using the Dunning R3327H prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Androgen-responsive cells: To determine if testosterone or dihydrotestosterone is the main trophic hormone of prostatic adenocarcinoma, we have treated Dunning R3327H prostatic adenocarcinoma-bearing rats with 6-methylene progesterone, which blocks conversion of testosterone to dihydrotostesterone. Copenhagen-Fisher rats were treated with steroid (20 mg/Kg daily) immediately following implantation of tumor and thereafter for 117 days. There was a 92% inhibition of growth of tumors and a lesser effect upon prostate and seminal vesicles. Tumor-free body weights remained unchanged. Both treated and untreated tumors had equivalent DNA content on a per weight basis. This result supports the thesis that prostatic adenocarcinoma requires dihydrotestosterone for growth. Androgen-insensitive cells: Advanced prostate cancer does not respond to endocrine therapy but is temporarily controlled by the cytotoxic steroid estramustine. The latter shows significant selective binding to prostatic protein. To develop chemotherapeutic agents that will control androgen-insensitive cells and possess improved selectivity for prostatic protein, we have studied a number of steroids for their ability to displace 3H-labeled estramustine from prostatic cytosolic proteins. Surprisingly, a carbamide substituent at the C17 position was found to confer significant binding affinity for prostatic estramustine-binding protein. Extension of this structural characteristic to the estramustine type of molecule is being studied.
Efficacy and safely of radiofrequency catheter ablation of left-sided accessory pathways through the coronary sinus

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of left-sided accessory pathways (APs) with the use of an endocardial technique carries all potential risks of left heart catheterization. We analyzed the determinants of success, efficacy, and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation from the coronary sinus (CS), as a potential alternative to the endocardial technique in these patients. Thirteen patients (mean age 40 ± 20 years) with 15 left-sided APs and a history of symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia were included in the study. Nine APs were localized in the left posteroseptal region, and the remaining 6 in the left free wall. Ablation from CS was attempted in 12 patients with 14 APs. In 1 patient ablation within the CS was not deemed safe because of a small venous lumen. All 14 APs were successfully ablated using either CS ablation alone or combined with the endocardial technique. Efficacy of the CS ablation as a primary technique was 56% (5 of 9 APs). In 5 additional APs, oblation in the CS eliminated pathway conduction after failed endocardial attempts. CS ablation either as a primary or a secondary technique eliminated conduction in 10 of 14 APs (71.4%) (group 1). In the remaining 4 APs (group 2), the primary CS attempt was unsuccessful and APs were ablated with a subsequent endocardial approach. Determinants of success for the CS method were local AP to atrial and/or ventricular electrogram amplitude ratios ≥ 1 (p < 0.05). The success rate of CS ablation was 83% in the left posteroseptal APs adjoining the branching point of the middle cardiac vein or a CS anomaly. Radiofrequency ablation in the CS was safe at the energy levels and durations used in this study, with no evidence of major or delayed vascular complications. During follow-up of 10 ± 7 months, there was no recurrence of sustained tachycardia in any patient who underwent successful ablation from the CS. We conclude that primary CS ablation can be an effective and safe alternative to the endocardial technique for ablation of leftsided APs with electrogram ratios ≥ 1. These findings are frequently seen in left posteroseptal APs in proximity to the middle cardiac vein or a CS anomaly.
FoxO1 stimulates fatty acid uptake and oxidation in muscle cells through CD36-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

Emerging evidence documents a key function for the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 in cellular metabolism. Here, we investigate the role of FoxO1 in the regulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in muscle cells. C2C12 cells expressing an inducible construct with either wild type FoxO1 or a mutant form (FoxO1/TSS) refractory to the protein kinase B inhibitory effects were generated. FoxO1 activation after myotube formation altered the expression of several genes of FA metabolism. Acyl-CoA oxidase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ mRNA levels increased 2.2-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, whereas mRNA for acetyl-CoA carboxylase decreased by 50%. Membrane uptake of oleate increased 3-fold, and oleate oxidation increased 2-fold. Cellular triglyceride content was also increased. The enhanced FA utilization induced by FoxO1 was mediated by a severalfold increase in plasma membrane level of the fatty acid translocase FAT/CD36 and eliminated by cell treatment with the CD36 inhibitor sulfo-N-succinimidyl-oleate. We conclude that FoxO1 activation induces coordinate increases in FA uptake and oxidation and that these effects are mediated, at least in part, by membrane enrichment in CD36. The data suggest that FoxO1 contributes to preparing the muscle cell for the increased reliance on FA metabolism that is characteristic of fasting. Dysregulation of FoxO1 in muscle could contribute to intramuscular lipid accumulation and insulin resistance by maintaining activation of FA uptake.