cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond Conformity: An Anthropology of Empathy and Problem-Solving for Understanding Complex Lives

This chapter develops a narrative practice theory that explains how autobiographical narratives come to feel natural and true, becoming sources of motivation. It answers these questions: How do people negotiate their visions of the world? And, how is a society able to remain culturally coherent as people negotiate new and different visions? It draws on Bourdieu’s insights, which explain how deeply ingrained habits of the body come to feel socially and morally correct (e.g., 1977). Similarly, as people habituate the outlines for common types of stories, empathically placing themselves in one another’s stories, they gain the ability to assemble facts and personal experiences into culturally appropriate autobiographical narratives. As Bourdieu claims that physical actions became second nature to his subjects, I argue that telling specific types of stories, following well-defined but rarely articulated rules, has become second nature to mine. These stories create a culturally defined vision of objective reality.
Abstract 6281: Differential response of irradiated breast carcinoma cells to DNA-PK inhibition: Spheroid response is governed by cell adhesion effects rather than changes in radiosensitivity

Agents that increase tumor radiosensitivity are of interest in improving outcomes in radiotherapy (XRT). DNA-PKcs inhibitors lead to radiosensitization and also to alterations in cell adhesion proteins. Using a HER2 positive mammary carcinoma cell line, NT2.5, we investigated the impact of Nu7441, a potent and selective DNA-PKcs inhibitor together with external beam irradiation in both 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid cell culture systems. Colony formation assays were performed for cells irradiated as monolayers and also for cells disaggregated from spheroids. Cells grown in monolayer culture and as spheroids were incubated with Nu7441 (5 µM) for 24 h after different doses of external beam irradiation. In monolayer culture cells, α/β increased from 3.0 ± 0.2 Gy (XRT alone) to 6.9 ± 0.2 Gy when XRT was followed by Nu7441 incubation. Corresponding α/β values for cells obtained by disaggregating treated spheroids were 3.6 ± 0.7 Gy (XRT alone) and 3.5 ± 0.2 Gy (XRT+Nu7441). In contrast to the minimal change in α/β, spheroids survival was highly sensitive to Nu7441 incubation. 21 days after 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 Gy XRT alone 100, 83, 75, 63, 56, and 31%, respectively, of the irradiated spheroids remained intact; when Nu7441 treatment was involved, 56% remained intact at 2 Gy and 13% at 4 Gy, no spheroids survived to 3 weeks at 6 Gy or more. We also found a progressive increase in fragmentation for spheroids exposed only to Nu7441 (0 Gy): 3/24, 9/24 and 17/24 fragmented after 14, 21 and 28 days of incubation, respectively. The discrepancy between the minimal change in α/β from cells derived from spheroids and the spheroid growth response was not related to poor penetration of Nu7441 since the colony formation assay results for different sizes of spheroids (180 to 400 µm) treated with 4 Gy with or without Nu7441were not significantly different. The results suggest that spheroid response to DNA-PKcs inhibitors is driven by their known inhibition of cell-cell adhesion pathways and potentially less so by radiosensitization. Citation Format: Jing Yu, Ryan Lu, Jessie Nedrow, George Sgouros. Differential response of irradiated breast carcinoma cells to DNA-PK inhibition: Spheroid response is governed by cell adhesion effects rather than changes in radiosensitivity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6281.
In vivo supraspinatus muscle contractility and architecture in rabbit.

We introduce an improved method to assess rabbit supraspinatus muscle physiology. Maximum isometric force measured for the rabbit supraspinatus was dramatically greater than previous reports in the...
Toward improved river boundary conditioning for simulation of extreme floods

Abstract Hydrodynamic modeling is a common approach for flood inundation mapping. These models use conservation of mass and momentum to simulate the river hydrodynamics during flood events. To simulate floods and estimate the spatio-temporal distribution of extreme water levels, the upstream and downstream flows are used as the minimum required boundary conditions (BCs) in a hydrodynamic model. In this study, we show that such approach does not provide a realistic estimate of fluxes at boundaries and so poses uncertainty to estimated flood inundation, especially during extreme floods. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new BC approach that demonstrates the significance of two additional BC components, namely lateral flows and vertical fluxes, applied to the channel, and incorporates hydrologic bias impacts into the hydrodynamic model setup. The basis for applying these BC modifications is to conserve the water mass flux into the river systems during extreme flood events. We utilize two well-known hydrodynamic flood inundation models, LISFLOOD-FP and HEC-RAS 2D, to simulate a flash flood in 2016 as well as an extreme flood during Hurricane Harvey in fully-gauged and semi-gauged river systems, respectively. Results from both case studies confirm that modeling with only upstream and downstream BCs underestimates the flood hydrographs and inundation areas while using the proposed BC approach can significantly improve the modeling performance.
Energy-Efficient Inter-Domain Routing Protocol for MANETs

Abstract In the last seven years, the focus of researchers in ad hoc networks field has shifted to inter-domain routing. Researchers used several methods to enhance the efficiency of routing between different mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). These routing methods were based on clustering techniques, virtual coordinates, Ant Colony Optimization., etc. Inter-domain routing in MANETs relies on gateways. When a packet is sent from a source to a destination, it follows a route of internal and external connected gateways in different domains and as the MANETs are mobile (both individual nodes within a domain as well as whole domains relative to each other), the topology of the whole network composed of different domains can change in an intermittent way. Therefore, gateways belonging to different MANETs must know each other to be reconnected. In this paper we introduce our inter-domain routing proposal based on bees’ communication to handle a dynamic topology in inter-Ad Hoc networks. The goal is to design an energy efficient inter-domain routing protocol for MANETs with low overhead.
Clio: a 5-μm camera for the detection of giant exoplanets

We plan to take advantage of the unprecedented combination of low thermal background and high resolution provided by the 6.5m MMT's adaptive secondary mirror, to target the 3-5 micron atmospheric window where giant exoplanets are expected to be anomalously bright. We are in the process of building a 3-5 micron camera that we will use to carry out a survey to characterize the prevalence and distribution of giant planets around nearby, Sun-like stars. Sensitivity estimates show that for a 1 Gyr old G0V primary at 10 pc, we expect to detect 5 MJupiter and 15 MJupiter exoplanets at angular separations greater than 0.45-2.1" and 0.2-1.2" respectively. Monte Carlo simulations based on these sensitivity estimates and a sample of 80 young (<1 Gyr), nearby (<20 pc) M0V-F0V stars, predict the detection of 15±3 exoplanets with masses of 4-15 MJupiter and separations of 17-50 AU. Construction of the camera is currently underway and on-telescope testing is expected in the Fall 2004-Winter 2005.
Allogeneic cellular and autologous stem cell therapy for sickle cell disease: ‘whom, when and how’

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive inherited hematological disorder characterized by chronic hemolysis and vaso-occlusion, resulting in multiorgan dysfunction and premature death. The only known curative therapy for patients with severe SCD is myeloablative conditioning and allo-SCT from HLA-matched sibling donors. In this state of the art review, we discuss current and future considerations including patient selection/eligibility, intensity of conditioning regimens, allogeneic graft sources, graft manipulation, mixed donor chimerism, organ function and stability and autologous gene correction stem cell strategies. Recent novel approaches to promote mixed donor chimerism have included the use of matched unrelated adult donors, umbilical cord blood donors, haploidentical familial donors and the utilization of nonmyeloablative, such as reduced intensity and reduced toxicity conditioning regimens. Future strategies will include gene therapy and autologous gene correction stem cell designs. Prospects are bright for novel stem and cellular approaches for patients with severe SCD, and we are currently at the end of the beginning for utilizing cellular therapeutics for the curative treatment of this chronic and debilitating condition.
Preparation of encapsulated microbial cells for environmental applications.

Abstract An improved method for the encapsulation of bacteria into microspheres of alginate, agarose, or polyurethane is described. Cell suspensions were passed through a low-pressure nozzle into an aqueous phase where matrix polymerization or gelation yielded beads 2 to 50 μm in diameter. Trials with a chlorophenol-degrading Flavobacterium species showed that cells entrapped by these procedures were as catabolically active as free cells. These types of beads should have numerous applications in the fields of environmental science and engineering.
Software Fault Tolerance in Safety-Critical Applications

Software fault tolerance has primarily been aimed at increasing total software reliability. Unfortunately, it is impossible to provide general techniques that tolerate all faults with a very high confidence rate. This paper presents some of the available experimental evidence. However, in some situations a more limited fault tolerance may be all that is needed, i.e., the program must be able to prevent unsafe states (but not necessarily all incorrect states) or detect them and recover to a safe (but not necessarily correct) state. This approach is application-specific; the particular fault-tolerance facilities are designed specifically for the particular application. This paper briefly describes how this can be accomplished. Although more specific analysis of the problem is required for this approach than the more general ones, it provides the advantage of partial verification of the adequacy of the fault tolerance used (e.g., it is possible to show that certain hazardous states cannot be caused by software faults) and therefore will aid in certifying and licensing software that can potentially have catastrophic consequences. That is, the approach provides greater confidence about a more limited goal than more general approaches. These techniques can also be used to tailor more general fault-tolerance techniques, such as recovery blocks, and to aid in writing acceptance tests that will ensure safety. Even with the use of these techniques, systems with very low acceptable risk may not be able to be built using software components.
Shiga toxin, shiga-like toxin II variant, and ricin are all single-site RNA N-glycosidases of 28 S RNA when microinjected into Xenopus oocytes

Ricin, Shiga toxin, and Shiga-like toxin II (SLT-II, Vero toxin 2) exhibit an RNA N-glycosidase activity which specifically removes a single base near the 3′ end of 28 S rRNA in isolated rat liver ribosomes and deproteinized 28 S rRNA (Endo Y., Mitsui, K., Moti-zuki, M., & Tsurugi, K. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5908–5912; Endo Y. & Tsurugi, K. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 8128–8130, Endo, Y., Tsurugi, K., Yut-sudo, T., Takeda, Y., Ogasawara, K. & Igarashi, K. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. 171, 45–50). These workers identified the single base removed, A-4324, by examining a 28 S rRNA degradation product which was generated by contaminating ribonucleases associated with the ribosomes. To determine whether this N-glycosidase activity applies in living cells, we microinjected ricin into Xenopus oocytes. We also microinjected Shiga toxin and a variant of Shiga-like toxin II (SLT-IIv). All three toxins specifically removed A-3732, located 378 nucleotides from the 3′ end of 28 S rRNA. This base is analogous to the site observed in rat 28 S rRNA for ricin, Shiga toxin, and SLT-II. Purified, glycosylated, ricin A chain contains this RNA N-glycosidase activity in oocytes. We also demonstrated that the nonglycosylated A subunit of recombinant ricin exhibits this RNA N-glycosidase activity when injected into Xenopus oocytes. Ricin, Shiga toxin, and SLT-IIv also caused a rapid decline in oocyte protein synthesis for nonsecretory proteins.
Key parameters controlling OH‐initiated formation of secondary organic aerosol in the aqueous phase (aqSOA)

Secondary organic aerosol formation in the aqueous phase of cloud droplets and aerosol particles (aqSOA) might contribute substantially to the total SOA burden and help to explain discrepancies between observed and predicted SOA properties. In order to implement aqSOA formation in models, key processes controlling formation within the multiphase system have to be identified. We explore parameters affecting phase transfer and OH(aq)-initiated aqSOA formation as a function of OH(aq) availability. Box model results suggest OH(aq)-limited photochemical aqSOA formation in cloud water even if aqueous OH(aq) sources are present. This limitation manifests itself as an apparent surface dependence of aqSOA formation. We estimate chemical OH(aq) production fluxes, necessary to establish thermodynamic equilibrium between the phases (based on Henry's law constants) for both cloud and aqueous particles. Estimates show that no (currently known) OH(aq) source in cloud water can remove this limitation, whereas in aerosol water, it might be feasible. Ambient organic mass (oxalate) measurements in stratocumulus clouds as a function of cloud drop surface area and liquid water content exhibit trends similar to model results. These findings support the use of parameterizations of cloud-aqSOA using effective droplet radius rather than liquid water volume or drop surface area. Sensitivity studies suggest that future laboratory studies should explore aqSOA yields in multiphase systems as a function of these parameters and at atmospherically relevant OH(aq) levels. Since aerosol-aqSOA formation significantly depends on OH(aq) availability, parameterizations might be less straightforward, and oxidant (OH) sources within aerosol water emerge as one of the major uncertainties in aerosol-aqSOA formation.
Going Greenham/going Gaga on peace and security

The remarkable correspondences between the 19-year occupation of what was a US Air Forces in Europe Base by the Greenham Common Women’s Peace Camp and Jack Halberstam’s depictions of new millennium Gaga feminism are revealed through a queer reading of Greenham women and their movement ephemera collected upon the 30th anniversary of the encampment’s beginnings. Although this destabilizes Halberstam’s claim that Gaga feminism is a new feminism, more importantly it raises questions about how the Gagaesque politics of Greenham have given way to a more ‘respectable’ and ‘straight’ feminist peace and security agenda and what the costs are of clinging to conventional feminist peace and security teleologies that render such ‘peace’ politics as passe, marginal, and (erroneously) gender normative with the rise of the UNSCR 1325 era and the shift to feminist security (or war) studies that have come to represent a feminist coming-of-age story. What if ‘we’ queered feminist ‘peace’ stories, defying the dead and deaden...
Coupling between Molecular and Plasmonic Resonances: Effect of Molecular Absorbance

In this work, we show using both experiments and classical electrodynamic simulations that plasmon splitting in resonant molecule-coated nanoparticles increases linearly as the square root of absorbance of the molecular layer. This linear relationship shows the same universal behavior established in analogous systems such as cavity-polariton and surface plasmon polariton systems. To explain this behavior, a simple physical mechanism based on linear dispersion and absorption is proposed. The insights obtained in this study can be used as a general principle for designing resonant molecule-coated nanoparticles for realizing tunable nanophotonic devices and molecular sensing.
Vitamin D deficiency in community older adults with falls of gait imbalance: an under-recognized problem in the inner city.

Abstract Introduction. Recent reports suggest that vitamin D deficiency is both under-recognized and undertreated in the geriatric population. In particular, older adults with unexplained pain, falls and gait disorders often may have osteomalacia from vitamin D deficiency. Currently, older adults are not screened for vitamin D status even when clinical skin suggest deficiency. Our pilot study determined the vitamin D status in older, inner city community adults with features suggestive of vitamin D deficiency. Methods. The study was prospective and observational. Communitydwelling adults (> 60 years) from our ambulatory clinic or in-patient geriatric program, with features compatible with vitamin D deficiency (history of falls, gait imbalance, unexplained musculoskeletal pain, and/or fractures), were enrolled. IRB approval and signed informed consents were obtained. Following a history and physical exam, blood samples for vitamin D assay and routine chemistries were obtained. Additional information was co...
Docosahexaenoic Acid therapy of experimental ischemic stroke.

We examined the neuroprotective efficacy of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 essential fatty acid family member, in acute ischemic stroke; studied the therapeutic window; and investigated whether DHA administration after an ischemic stroke is able to salvage the penumbra. In each series described below, SD rats underwent 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). In series 1, DHA or saline was administered i.v. at 3, 4, 5, or 6 h after stroke. In series 2, MRI was conducted on days 1, 3 and 7. In series 3, DHA or saline was administered at 3 h, and lipidomic analysis was conducted on day 3. Treatment with DHA significantly improved behavior and reduced total infarct volume by a mean of 40% when administered at 3 h, by 66% at 4 h, and by 59% at 5 h. Total lesion volumes computed from T2-weighted images were reduced in the DHA group at all time points. Lipidomic analysis showed that DHA treatment potentiates neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) synthesis in the penumbra 3 days after MCAo. DHA administration provides neurobehavioral recovery, reduces brain infarction and edema, and activates NPD1 synthesis in the penumbra when administered up to 5 h after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
Measuring Intellectual Contributions for Achieving the Mission of the College of Business

Abstract Previous measures of intellectual contributions have been excessively broad in their attempts to measure the specific types of research conducted by business faculty, and excessively narrow in their view of how intellectual contributions relate to a school's mission. The mission-driven coding scheme outlined is a tool colleges can use to measure the multiple benefits of intellectual contributions in achieving a multifaceted mission—one that addresses teaching, research, and service. Adopting the proposed coding schemes will help schools of business meet the new challenges of mission-linked accreditation standards designed to support institutional diversity.
Are the American College of Cardiology/Emergency Cardiac Care (ACC/ECC) guidelines useful in triaging patients to telemetry units?

Purpose: To determine if the ACC/ECC guidelines (1991) properly stratify patients according to risk of arrhythmia, defined as a single event on cardiac monitoring, and benefit, defined as a subsequ...
STUDIES ON IMMUNITY TO MEASLES.

Studies on immunity to measles have been in progress since 1960. Primary infection with measles virus was followed by evidence of detectable antibody by the twelfth day; peak antibody titers were observed by the twenty-first to the twenty-eighth day. Subsequently, in most instances antibody persisted for at least four years at levels capable of completely inhibiting measles infection. However, when antibody declined to minimal or undetectable levels, exposure to measles virus was usually followed by an asymptomatic infection and a booster response; under these circumstances antibody was detectable by the seventh day and peak antibody levels were observed by the twelfth day. These studies confirm the observation that one attack of measles is followed by lifelong immunity. They also provide strong support for the prediction that one inoculation of live measles-virus vaccine will confer permanent immunity.
A comparison of stimulus preference assessment methods in adults with schizophrenia

Three methods of assessing preference for stimuli were compared in four adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. During phase 1, a survey method, a verbal stimulus choice method, and a pictorial stimulus choice method of assessing preference for four categories of stimuli were administered. During phase 2, a coupon system was used to determine which categories of stimuli actually functioned as reinforcers for each participant. Comparisons between the three preference assessment methods were then conducted based on the results of the reinforcer assessment. Results showed that, overall, there were few differences in total accuracy among the preference assessment procedures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective cardiac surveillance in patients with gynecologic cancer undergoing treatment with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD)

Abstract Objective The study objective was to examine the safety and cost savings of selective cardiac surveillance (CS) during treatment with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). Methods A retrospective, dual institution study of women receiving PLD for the treatment of a gynecologic malignancy was performed. The study period was 2002–2014. At both institutions, a selective strategy for CS was implemented in which only high-risk women with a cardiac history or with symptoms suggestive of cardiac toxicity during PLD treatment underwent a cardiac evaluation. Patient demographics, clinical and treatment history were evaluated. Cost analyses were performed utilizing professional/technical fee rates for echocardiogram and multi-gated acquisition scan for each state. Results PLD was administered in 184 women. The mean patient age was 62.7years, and 79% were treated for recurrent ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma. The median cumulative administered dose of PLD was 300mg/m 2 ; 24 received >550mg/m 2 . The median follow-up time was 20months. Of the 184 patients, the majority ( n =157, 85.3%) did not undergo either an initial cardiac evaluation or surveillance during or post-PLD treatment. Fifty-three patients considered high risk for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity underwent CS. Only three patients (1.6%) in the entire cohort developed CHF that was possibly related to PLD treatment; all had significant pre-existing cardiac risk factors. Selective instead of routine use of CS in the study population resulted in a cost savings of $182,552.28. Conclusion Utilizing cardiac surveillance in select women undergoing PLD treatment for gynecologic malignancies resulted in significant health care cost savings without adversely impacting clinical outcomes.
The respiratory function of gills in the larvae of Amblystoma punctatum

Abstract A study has been made of the effect of gill removal on the oxygen consumption of developing Amblystoma punctatum larvae. In water saturated with 21%, 15%, and 10% oxygen, the rate of oxygen consumption of gill-less animals is indistinguishable from that of normal individuals. At saturation with 5% oxygen, respiration of gill-less animals is less than that of controls with gills. Although gills may function in respiratory exchange, they are not essential for normal oxygen uptake under ordinary circumstances. Indirect evidence indicates that the hemoglobin of Amblystoma blood, at the stages studied, has limited significance in oxygen transport.
Effect of temperature on the expression of necrosis in soybean infected with Soybean mosaic virus

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes mosaic symptoms in susceptible soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars and stem-tip necrosis (STN) in some soybean cultivars carrying resistance genes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different temperature regimes on the expression of SMV-induced STN. Three soybean isolines, 'Essex' (rsv, mosaic to SMV strains G1 and G7), V94-3971 (Rsvl, resistant to G1 and necrotic to G7), and V262 (Rsv1-n, necrotic to G1 and mosaic to G7), were inoculated with Gl and G7 and maintained in growth chambers with a 12-h photoperiod and constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, 33, and 35°C. The STN in V262 induced by Gl and in V94-3971 by G7 developed at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C, on 44,41,14,8,8 days after inoculation (DAI), respectively. No STN reaction was induced by either strain at 35°C. Further study demonstrated that STN was induced 7 DAI at 32°C in V262 by Gl and in V94-3971 by G7, but mosaic symptoms developed in both genotypes at 33°C. However, STN was induced in V262 7 DAI by Gl and in V94-3971 14 DAI by G7 at an alternate temperature of 33°C day/20°C night. Stem-tip necrosis was also observed in V262 8 DAI by Gl, but not in V94-3971 by G7 at an alternate temperature 35°C day/20°C night. Essex exhibited mosaic symptoms when infected with Gl and G7 at all temperatures tested, and virus was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Stem-tip necrosis is a SMV strain-specific, thermosensitive response associated with SMV resistance genes.
Residual Milk Coagulants in Whey — Their Inactivation and Effects on Ultrafiltration Flux and Nitrogen Yields

Abstract Ten commercial milk coagulants were used to produce Cheddar cheese wheys. Wheys were then concentrated fourfold by ultrafiltration following pasteurization, separation, and prewarming. Fluxes were monitored. Wheys, final concentrates, and pooled permeates were tested for total nitrogen, nonprotein nitrogen, and fat. Wheys and concentrates were also tested for residual milk clotting activity. Residual activity was observed in the wheys and concentrates originating from the unmodified proteases of Mucor miehei and Mucor pusillus but not from the two modified proteases of Mucor miehei , an Endothia parasitica protease, two bovine pepsins, a bovine pepsin-swine pepsin blend, a Mucor pusillus -swine pepsin blend, or calf rennet, which served as the control. No significant differences in flux or nitrogen yields were observed.
Dielectric model of roton interactions in dilute solutions of 3He in 4He

The analogy between the theory of superfluidity and the theory of dielectrics can be extended to account for some of the properties of rotons in dilute solutions of /sup 3/He in superfluid /sup 4/He. These include the normal fluid density ratio and the shifts in energy of roton excitations relative to those of pure /sup 4/He.
Smoking Behavior and Alcohol Consumption in Individuals With Panic Attacks

Individuals with anxiety often report greater smoking and drinking behaviors relative to those without a history of anxiety. In particular, smoking and alcohol use have been directly implicated among individuals experiencing panic attacks, diagnosed with panic disorder, or high on panic-relevant risk factors such as anxiety sensitivity. Less is known, however, about specific features of panic that may differentiate among those who do or do not use cigarettes or alcohol. The purpose of the current study was to replicate previous research findings of an association between panic symptomatology, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption, as well as extend findings by examining whether specific symptoms of panic attacks differentiated among those who do or do not use cigarettes or alcohol. Participants (n = 489) completed the Panic Attack Questionnaire-IV, a highly detailed assessment of panic attacks and symptoms, as well as self-report measures of smoking history and alcohol use. Consistent with previous research, participants who reported a history of panic attacks (n = 107) were significantly more likely to report current daily or lifetime daily cigarette smoking, and significantly greater hazardous or harmful alcohol use than participants with no panic history (n = 382). Although smoking and hazardous alcohol use were highly associated regardless of panic status, participants with panic attacks showed elevated hazardous alcohol use after controlling for daily or lifetime smoking. Surprisingly, although participants who reported having had at least one panic attack were more likely to smoke, panic attack symptoms, intensity, or frequency did not differentiate panickers who did or did not smoke. Furthermore, panic-related variables were not shown to differentially relate to problematic drinking among panickers. Implications for understanding the complex relationship between panic attacks and smoking and drinking behaviors are discussed.
The U.S. Army Initiates a Proactive Approach to Leverage Cross- Cultural Understanding: The Case for the Culture & Foreign Language Enterprise

This article will describe how the U.S. Army has created a culture & foreign language enterprise in an effort to leverage cross-cultural understanding in support of U.S. Army mission objectives. Topics to be addressed include problems and challenges related to cultural issues that the U.S. Army has encountered since September 11, 2001 during military operations in Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan and surrounding countries in the region and steps taken to address these problems and challenges. Such topics describe the workings of the Army bureaucracy as it sought to maneuver resources in a manner that could effectively address culturally oriented issues and obstacles. The resulting approaches that have been created, funded, defended and sustained are detailed as examples of how large government institutions can persevere with agility to address such goals. The primary focus of this article, regarding the aforementioned, is the Army Culture & Foreign Language Enterprise. The life of this Enterprise exemplifies how a vision for utilizing civilian social science Ph.D.s, in support of Army goals & objectives related to culture, came to fruition and effectively functions. This description illustrates how such an Enterprise approach can be employed in other types of settings and with other types of issues.
Elovl4 5-bp deletion knock-in mouse model for Stargardt-like macular degeneration demonstrates accumulation of ELOVL4 and lipofuscin.

Abstract The mechanism underlying photoreceptor degeneration in autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular degeneration (STGD3) due to mutations in the elongation of very long chain fatty acids-4 (ELOVL4) gene is not fully understood. To evaluate the pathological events associated with STGD3, we used a mouse model that mimics the human STGD3 phenotype and studied the progression of retinal degeneration. Morphological changes in the retina of Elovl4 5-bp deletion knock-in mice (E_mut+/−) were evaluated at 22 months of age. The localization of ELOVL4, and the expression pattern of inner retinal tissue marker proteins, and ubiquitin were determined by immunofluorescence labeling of retinal sections. Levels of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lipofuscin fluorophores were measured by quantitative HPLC. Morphological evaluation of the retina revealed an accumulation of RPE debris in the subretinal space. A significant increase in the amount of ELOVL4 was observed in the outer plexiform layer in E_mut+/− mice compared to controls. Apart from the accumulation of ELOVL4, E_mut+/− mice also exhibited high expression of ubiquitin in the retina. Analysis of lipofuscin fluorophores in the RPE showed a significant elevation of A2E and compounds of the all-trans-retinal dimer series in retinas from four and ten month old E_mut+/− mice compared to wild-type littermates. These observations suggest that abnormal accumulation of ELOVL4 protein and lipofuscin may lead to photoreceptor degeneration in E_mut+/− mice.
Buoyancy flux bounds for surface-driven flow

We calculate the optimal upper bound, subject to the assumption of streamwise invariance, on the long-time-averaged buoyancy flux B* within the flow of an incompressible stratified viscous fluid of constant kinematic viscosity v and depth h driven by a constant surface stress τ = ρu 2 *, where u* is the friction velocity with a constant statically stable density difference Ap maintained across the layer. By using the variational 'background method' (due to Constantin, Doering and Hopf) and numerical continuation, we generate a rigorous upper bound on the buoyancy flux for arbitrary Grashof numbers G, where G=τh 2 /(ρ v 2 )
System-level performance evaluation of three-dimensional integrated circuits

In this paper, the wire (interconnect)-length distribution of three-dimensional (3-D) integrated circuits (ICs) is derived using Rent's rule and following the methodology used to estimate two-dimensional (2-D) (wire-length distribution). Two limiting cases of connectivity between logic gates on different device layers are examined by comparing the wire-length distribution and average and total wire-length. System performance metrics such as clock frequency, chip area, etc., are estimated using wire-length distribution, interconnect delay criteria, and simple models representing the cost or complexity for manufacturing 3-D ICs. The technology requirement for interconnects in 3-D integration is also discussed.
Formulas for calculating the inductance of channels located back to back

IN 1937 Arnold1 published an analytic procedure enabling the designer of a single-phase 2-conductor bus to determine combinations of conductor spacing and cross section that render proximity and skin effects (a-c resistance, eddy-current losses, and current density distortion) a minimum. For explicit details the reader is referred to Arnold's paper. For our purpose it suffices to remark: 1. In general the designer is afforded an unlimited number of combinations of conductor spacing and cross section.
Overwork/underpay: Labor and status of composition teachers since 1880

Rhetoric as a college-level discipline entered the nineteenth century as one of the most respected fields in higher education. The teacher of rhetoric at that time was an honored and respected figure, often occupying a chaired position like Edinburgh's Regius Professorship or Harvard's Boylston Chair. When, however, we look at the teacher of rhetoric a mere century later, what a sad change we find. Rhetoric has changed in a hundred years from an academic desideratum to a grim apprenticeship, to be escaped as soon as practicable. Instead of being an esteemed intellectual figure in community and campus, the rhetoric teacher of 1900 is increasingly marginalized, overworked, and ill-paid. Instead of being a senior professor, he, or she, is an instructor or a graduate student. Instead of being sought by students, rhetoric courses are despised and sneered at, and their teachers have fallen from the empyrean of named chairs to the status of permanent underclass "composition teachers": oppressed, badly paid, ill-used, and secretly despised. In this essay I want to examine some of the issues of labor and status that have surrounded the composition underclass, which is with us today in forms that would be all too familiar to the writing teachers of 1900. The creation of the composition underclass cannot be understood without examining an essential change that took place in America during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This was the shift from oral to written discourse within rhetorical training, with its result an incredible rise in the amount of individual academic work that each teacher of rhetoric must do. This overwork, along with the increasing bureaucratization of the universities, allowed the formation of permanent low-status jobs in composition which were not filled by upwardly mobile scholars, who increasingly gravitated to literary work, which was easier, offered a lighter load, and was given more respect.
Viscosity study of polystyrene in cyclohexane

Abstract The intrinsic viscosities of five different molecular weight polystyrenes in cyclohexane were measured at different temperatures. The temperatures cover three regions: above the θ point, at the θ point and below the θ point. The data were analysed with the theoretical framework on critical phenomena as a guide line. Although the collapsed region and the totally collapsed region vary with the range of molecular weight, the scaling law appears to be valid. There is a one-to-one correspondence of an observable in one regime to another regardless of the number of links.
Combined spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging system

Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) and optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) are two reflectancebased imaging technologies that may be utilized for high-resolution microscopic screening of internal organs. SECM provides en face images of tissues with a high lateral resolution of 1-2 μm, and a penetration depth of up to 300 μm. OFDI generates cross-sectional images of tissue architecture with a resolution of 10-20 μm and a penetration depth of 1- 2 mm. Since the two technologies yield complementary microscopic information on two different size scales (SECM-cellular and OFDI-architectural) that are commonly used for histopathologic evaluation, their combination may allow for more accurate optical diagnosis. Here, we report the integration of these two imaging modalities in a single bench top system. SECM images of swine small intestine showed the presence of goblet cells, and OFDI images revealed the finger-shaped villous architecture. In clinical study of 9 gastroesophageal biopsies from 8 patients, a diverse set of architectural and cellular features was observed, including squamous mucosa with mild hyperplasia and gastric antral mucosa with gastric pits and crypts. The capability of this multimodality device to enable the visualization of microscopic features on these two size scales supports our hypothesis that improved diagnostic accuracy may be obtained by merging these two technologies into a single instrument.
The band J.B.O. and exploding the serious side of pop culture

L'A. tente de theoriser la facon dont J.B.O., groupe pop allemand, produit de la signification par son art, et tente de situer ces significations dans les contextes national et international. En se centrant sur les produits culturels d'un orchestre particulier, et en cherchant leur racine chez les predecesseurs, il s'attache a decrire l'apparition d'une nouvelle tradition dans la comedie allemande
Simultaneous estimation of parameters under entropy loss

Abstract The problem considered is simultaneous estimation of scale parameters and their reciprocals from p independent gamma distributions under a scale invariant loss function first introduced in James and Stein (1961). Under mild restrictions on the shape parameters, the best scale invariant estimators are shown to be admissible for p = 2. For p ≥ 3, a general technique is developed for improving upon the best scale invariant estimators. Improvement on the generalized Bayes estimators of a vector involving certain powers of the scale parameter is also obtained.
Effect of exciton-phonon coupling in the calculated optical absorption of carbon nanotubes

We find that the optical properties of carbon nanotubes reflect remarkably strong effects of exciton-phonon coupling. Tight-binding calculations show that a significant fraction of the spectral weight of the absorption peak is transferred to a distinct $\mathrm{\text{exciton}}+\mathrm{\text{phonon}}$ sideband, which is peaked at around 200 meV above the main absorption peak. This sideband provides a distinctive signature of the excitonic character of the optical transition. The exciton-phonon coupling is reflected in a dynamical structural distortion, which contributes a binding energy of up to 100 meV. The distortion is surprisingly long ranged, and is strongly dependent on chirality.
The response of tumours with Gompertzian growth characteristics to fractionated radiotherapy

Abstract. Proliferation of tumour cells during radiotherapy may be a significant factor determining response to treatment. In previous work based on the linear-quadratic (LQ) model, tumour cell proliferation was assumed to be independent of both tumour size and the temporal structure of treatment. This paper examines a form of tumour cell proliferation that is exponential at small tumour sizes and Gompertzian at larger sizes. This is integrated with the LQ description of tumour cell sterilization. It is assumed that exposure to therapeutic radiation changes the state of tumour cells from viable to doomed. Doomed cells are assumed to be lost from the tumour mass with exponential kinetics. Six parameters are used to describe tumour response. Three of these are the standard 'LQ time' (alpha, beta, T) parameters. Two additional parameters are required to describe the shape of the tumour growth/regrowth curve (V, V) . The sixth parameter (T) represents the rate of loss of cells from the tumour. The model may b...
The Origin of Plant Sterols in the Skin Surface Lipids in Humans: From Diet to Plasma to Skin

To test the hypothesis that plant sterols found in the skin surface lipids of humans originated from diet after their absorption from intestine into plasma and then transferred to skin, we studied the 24-h excretion of plant sterols and cholesterol from skin and in feces in a hyperlipoproteinemic (type IIa) patient fed formula diets providing varying quantities of plant sterols (0–30 g/day) and cholesterol (0–1000 g/day). Upon feeding a sterol-free diet, the β-sitosterol excretion from the skin decreased progressively, from about 6 mg/day to 0.08 mg/day by 83 days and then completely disappeared. With addition of plant sterols (about 30 g/day) to the diet, β-sitosterol reappeared in the skin surface lipids and rose to nearly 5 mg/day by 6 weeks. With feeding of the sterol-free diet, the fecal excretion of β-sitosterol and the 2 other plant sterols decreased gradually and by week 4 disappeared completely from the feces and continued to be absent from the feces as long as the diet was free of plant sterols. The results demonstrated clearly that plant sterols which were absorbed into the plasma from the diet were excreted into the skin surface lipids after being transferred from the plasma to the skin.
Spatial interpolation of meteorological data in complex terrain using temporal statistics

Abstract Diagnostic wind field numerical models have significant difficulty developing representative wind velocities in complex terrain. A large of this difficulty begins with the initial wind field interpolation. If this interpolated wind field does not closely represent the true winder mass-consistent adjustments cannot retrieve the correct atmospheric flow patterns. Presently, the initial interpolation in diagnostic models is almost exclusively done using a simple one-over-separation-squared (1/r2) interpolation algorithm. This algorithm uses the closest or larger number of measurements of the wind velocity closest to the interpolation location. In this paper, we explore different interpolation algorithms using not only the measurement field at the interpolation time, but also the statistical relationships between stations. These algorithms were tested with data from the 1980 Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (ASCOT) sponsored by the Department of Energy. The results show that, while consistent (...
MBE growth kinetics and thermal stability of Si1-x-yGexCy/Si heterostructures

Bandgap tailoring and lattice-matching in SiGeC/Si heterostructures has potential for improving the performance and capabilities of Si based optoelectronics. Although remarkable progress in the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of SiGeC/Si heterostructures has been achieved, important questions concerning growth kinetics and thermal stability are still not fully understood. One major obstacle during MBE growth of these heterostructures may be the high surface diffusivity of carbon, which leads to small fractions of substitutional carbon at temperatures necessary for device quality epitaxial growth. We report on the surface kinetic properties of Si 0.992 Co 0.009 /Si and thermal stability of strained Si 0.992 C 0.008 /si and strain compensated Si 0.892 Ge 0.10 C 0.008 /Si heterostructures grown by MBE. For the first time, a single silicon-graphite source was used for the co-evaporation of silicon-carbon molecular species. For substrate temperatures up to 600°C ratios of substitutional to total carbon concentration as high as 0.75 were observed. Remarkably, this exceeds the fraction of substitutional carbon obtained by sublimating a graphite filament at similar growth temperatures. Strain compensated Si 0.892 Ge 0.10 Co 0.008 /Si alloys were shown to be more stable then the binary Si 0.992 C 0.008 /Si heterostructure alloys.
Testing Variability in the Two-Sample Case

A number of robust methods for testing variability have been reported in previous literature. An examination of these procedures for a wide variety of populations confirms their general robustness. Shoemaker's improvement of the F test extends that test use to a realistic variety of population shapes. However, a combination of the Brown–Forsythe and O'Brien methods based on testing kurtosis is shown to be conservative for a wide range of sample sizes and population distributions. The composite test is also shown to be more powerful in most conditions than other conservative procedures.
Organ System Failure Score in Obstetrics: Maternal and Neonatal Outcome

A scoring system for critically ill obstetric patients was devised based on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) score. The Organ System Failure (OSF) in Obstetrics score was applied to 1,890 patients, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were examined. Patients with an OSF score of ≥2.5 had statistically significantly more morbid outcomes, including care in an intensive care unit, length of stay, hysterectomy, need for transfusion, and mortality. An elevated OSF score was associated with lower birth weight, greater rates of prematurity, admission to the intensive care nursery, and longer nursery stays. OSF score is a useful predictor of maternal and neonatal morbidity.