cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analysis of repressor overproduction by the lambda cIIIs mutant.

Abstract Efficient lysogenization of Escherichia coli K12 by bacteriophage λ requires the high level of synthesis of the phage repressor shortly after infection. This high level of synthesis of repressor requires the action of the λ eII and cIII proteins. Certain mutants of λ (λcIIIs) appear to have excess c II c III activity and can lysogenize more efficiently than λ+. The basis for the enhanced lysogenization is that, while two or more infecting phage are necessary for λ+ to lysogenize, a single infecting λcIIIs particle is sufficient for lysogenization. Also, repressor levels in cells infected with λcIIIs are higher than in those infected with λ+. I report here that repressor overproduction by λcIIIs (1) is due to a much higher rate of repressor synthesis than that of λ+; (2) is most marked at low multiplicities of infection, possibly because λcIIIs produces repressor much more efficiently than λ+ as a singly infecting phage.
Engineered surfaces of multifunctional and molecular diamond for biosensing

This work presents the novel ideas of engineered surfaces of multifunctional and molecular diamond for immobilization of bio-molecules as viable and potential platforms. The present paper aimed to introduce novel concept and novel forms of diamond for biosensing applications including ultra dispersed diamond (powder) and ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (thin film deposited on Si). Several types of studies were performed to determine the fluorescence and chemical modification of the diamond surfaces.
Left Parties, Poor Voters, and Electoral Participation in Advanced Industrial Societies

Although income inequality is an important normative issue for students of democratic politics, little is known about its effects on citizens’ electoral participation. The authors develop a formal ...
Report On ‘Comprehensive Curricular Change at a Small Liberal Arts College: Bioorganic First at Juniata College’

Because the conceptual basis of the curriculum is that the majority of the students are not chemists, participants in this session examined which aspects of organic chemistry are really necessary for a nonchemical (mostly biological) audience. Participants learned about Juniata’s solution to this curriculum problem and considered whether any of the ideas are useful in other settings. An important consideration is whether the curriculum is indivisible or whether certain parts can be adopted without others. Particular examples from the Juniata curriculum were described.
Treating noctural enuresis in one session of family therapy a case study

Nocturnal enuresis can be a significant symptom, occurring in as many as 20% of all children. A number of etiological theories have been proposed to explain the symptom, very few of which include family dynamics. Likewise, a number of treatment approaches have been advocated and evaluated with most reporting limited successes. This paper is a case study of a 6½‐year‐old identified patient, who was enuretic for three years. Various treatments had been tried but without success. The child was referred and the family was asked to come for the initial interview. A family assessment was conducted, based on principles of brief, symptom‐focused family systems psychotherapy. Directives were given to the family and the symptom was eliminated. Follow‐up at one year indicated no recurrence of the symptom and positive changes in other areas of the family. The treatment rationale and effectiveness are discussed.
The Nature of Geographic Knowledge

The nature of geographic knowledge today is very different from what it was fifty years ago. It has evolved from phenomenal (declarative) to intellectual (primed by cognitive demands). Surges of interest in systematic specialties and technical innovations in representation and analysis have changed the nature of geographic knowledge, advanced geographic vocabulary, defined and examined geographic concepts, and developed spatially explicit theories relating to human and physical environments. Explorations of interactions between these domains has generated a new interest in integrated science. This interest has produced a unique way of examining human-environment relations, and has provided the basis for a vastly different underlying knowledge structure in the discipline. But the future still challenges and significant problems face geography if it is to remain a viable academic discipline in the new information technology society.
Seagrass resource assessment using remote sensing methods in St. Joseph Sound and Clearwater Harbor, Florida, USA

In the event of a natural or anthropogenic disturbance, environmental resource managers require a reliable tool to quickly assess the spatial extent of potential damage to the seagrass resource. The temporal availability of the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery provided a suitable option to detect and assess damage of the submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). This study examined Landsat TM imagery classification techniques to create two-class (SAV presence/absence) and three-class (SAV estimated coverage) SAV maps of the seagrass resource. The Mahalanobis Distance method achieved the highest overall accuracy (86%) and validation accuracy (68%) for delineating the seagrass resource (two-class SAV map). The Maximum Likelihood method achieved the highest overall accuracy (74%) and validation accuracy (70%) for delineating the seagrass resource three-class SAV map. The Landsat 5 TM imagery classification provided a seagrass resource map product with similar accuracy to the aerial photointerpretation maps (validation accuracy 71%). The results support the application of remote sensing methods to analyze the spatial extent of the seagrass resource.
Getting more mileage from web text sources for conversational speech language modeling using class-dependent mixtures

Sources of training data suitable for language modeling of conversational speech are limited. In this paper, we show how training data can be supplemented with text from the web filtered to match the style and/or topic of the target recognition task, but also that it is possible to get bigger performance gains from the data by using class-dependent interpolation of N-grams.
Bis(dimethylamino) Phosphorochloridate

[1605-65-8] C4H12ClN2OP (MW 170.58) InChI = 1S/C4H12ClN2OP/c1-6(2)9(5,8)7(3)4/h1-4H3 InChIKey = WYLQARGYFXBZMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent for protection of alcohols,1 ketones,2 thiols3 and amines;4 reductive deoxygenation of alcohols and ketones2) Physical Data: fp >230 °C; d 1.152 g cm−3. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: moisture sensitive; store in a dry, cool environment. Handle in a well-ventilated fume hood.
Interleukin-6 response to exercise and high-altitude exposure: influence of α-adrenergic blockade

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important cytokine involved in a number of biological processes, is consistently elevated during periods of stress. The mechanisms responsible for the induction of IL-6 und...
The origins of private property rights: states or customary organizations?

Political theories of property rights are less optimistic than self-governance perspectives regarding the ability of non-state organizations to supply private property institutions. Despite offering different answers to the question of where property rights come from, these diverse perspectives share a concern with organizational capacity, constraints, and legitimacy as explanations why organizations are able to supply private property rights. We use these shared concerns as a point of departure to investigate formal and informal private property rights in rural Afghanistan. We find that informal private property rights are more effective than formal private property rights because customary organizations fare better than the state on the dimensions of capacity, constraints, and legitimacy. More generally, these ‘political’ features of formal and informal organizations explain why self-governance works, as well as provide insight into the challenges confronting efforts in fragile states to establish formal private property institutions.
Turbidite Origin of Glaciolacustrine Sediments, Woodcock Lake, Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT Laminated silt- and clay-size sediments exposed in cutbanks along Woodcock Creek in northwestern Pennsylvania are of glaciolacustrine origin. The presence of convolutions and graded laminae indicate that deposition of these sediments was by turbidity currents. Small-scale cross-bedding in some of the coarser sediments within the laminae suggests that deposition of an individual graded lamination required no more than a few days' time. Thus, although these sediments superficially appear to be annual varves, they are in fact rhythmites. The turbidity currents primarily responsible for the deposition and deformation of the laminated sediments probably originated from an outwash stream which flowed into an ice-dammed lake which temporarily occupied Woodcock. Creek Valley sometime during Pleistocene time. As the sediment-laden stream entered the lake, sand- and gravel-size sediments were deposited, forming a delta-kame which presently exists. along the valley wall about km from the exposed lake sediments. When the stream currents which flowed across the delta reached the delta front, they had a higher density (suspended-sediment load) than the lake water. Thus, the stream currents flowed down the delta face onto the prodelta slope as turbidity currents. These turbidity c rrents are believed to have deposited the graded laminae now exposed along the valley bottom.
Fabrication of TSV-based silicon interposers

Silicon interposers with through-silicon vias (TSVs) will enable further miniaturization and reduction in power consumption for future electronic systems. The design and method of integration of the TSVs can have a significant effect on the interposer process complexity, yield, and reliability. This paper will compare two different process approaches for Si interposer fabrication. In one approach, TSVs were formed “TSVs last”, following the front-side multi-level metallization (MLM) processing, and were lined with copper, but were not filled. The second approach was a “TSVs first” process in which copper-filled TSVs were formed in silicon wafers prior to frontside MLM processing. These wafers were processed through front-side Cu CMP and back-side wafer thinning, leaving Cu-filled TSVs exposed from both sides. The resulting TSV substrates could then be used for interposer fabrication involving front-side and back-side metal processing. This paper will summarize the fabrication and testing of TSV electrical test structures and interposer wafers using the TSVs-last process. For the TSVs-first process, which is still in development, the paper will review the demonstrations of key process modules and discuss integration and reliability considerations.
Cascading effects of predatory fish on the composition of benthic algae in high-altitude streams

Cascading effects of predators can affect ecosystem properties by changing plant biomass, distribution and assemblage composition. Using data from field surveys and whole-stream experiments we tested the hypothesis that predatory trout change assemblage composition of benthic algae in high-elevation streams mediated by grazer behavior. Field surveys revealed that the taxonomic composition of algal assemblages differed significantly between streams that contained trout and those that were fishless; but comparisons of palatable versus unpalatable algal taxa between fish and fishless streams were equivocal because of high natural variability. Therefore, we tested for a behavioral (non-consumptive) trophic cascade experimentally by adding brook trout chemical cues to six naturally fishless streams for 25 days and compared responses of grazers and algae to six reference streams without fish cues added. Algal response variables included rates of change in the abundance of three physiognomic categories, from most palatable (attached erect and prostrate diatoms) to least palatable (non-diatoms), as determined from food selectivity analyses of the most common grazers (mayflies and caddisflies). Fish cues did not affect the mean densities or changes in densities of total grazers or any individual grazer species. However, in streams where fish cues were added, rates of accrual of attached erect diatoms, which was the preferred algal type for the grazer most vulnerable to trout predation (Baetis), were higher and their densities increased significantly faster with increasing densities of this grazer species than in reference streams. Results of his experiment support the hypothesis that predator induced suppression of grazer foraging behavior, rather than cascading effects of top predators on grazer density, may contribute to variation in the composition of algal assemblages among streams by allowing proliferation of most palatable algal species.
REEXAMINATION OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER BY NATURAL CONVECTION FROM HORIZONTAL SURFACES IN POROUS MEDIA

Analytical study of buoyancy induced heat and mass transfer from a horizontal surface embedded in a saturated porous medium is reported in this paper. The present analysis shows that the similarity solutions reported in the previous studies for a surface maintained at a constant temperature and a constant concentration are not physically plausible. It is also shown that a surface under a constant heat flux and mass flux condition, on the other hand, permits possible similarity solutions. The governing parameters for the problem under consideration are the buoyancy ratio, N, and Lewis number, Le. To verify the relations derived from the scale analysis, the computed results have covered a wide range of the governing parameters, i.e., -1 < N < 10 and 0.1 < Le < 100.
An Improved Electronic Colon Cleansing Method for Detection of Colonic Polyps by Virtual Colonoscopy

Electronic colon cleansing (ECC) aims to segment the colon lumen from a patient abdominal image acquired using an oral contrast agent for colonic material tagging, so that a virtual colon model can be constructed. Virtual colonoscopy (VC) provides fly-through navigation within the colon model, looking for polyps on the inner surface in a manner analogous to that of fiber optic colonoscopy. We have built an ECC pipeline for a commercial VC navigation system. In this paper, we present an improved ECC method. It is based on a partial-volume (PV) image-segmentation framework, which is derived using the well-established statistical expectation-maximization algorithm. The presented ECC method was evaluated by both visual inspection and computer-aided detection of polyps (CADpolyp) within the cleansed colon lumens obtained using 20 patient datasets. Compared to our previous ECC pipeline, which does not sufficiently consider the PV effect, the method presented in this paper demonstrates improved polyp detection by both visual judgment and CADpolyp measure
Scaling Up of Breastfeeding Promotion Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: the “Breastfeeding Gear” Model

Breastfeeding (BF) promotion is one of the most cost-effective interventions to advance mother-child health. Evidence-based frameworks and models to promote the effective scale up and sustainability of BF programs are still lacking. A systematic review of peer-reviewed and gray literature reports was conducted to identify key barriers and facilitators for scale up of BF programs in low- and middle-income countries. The review identified BF programs located in 28 countries in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia. Study designs included case studies, qualitative studies, and observational quantitative studies. Only 1 randomized, controlled trial was identified. A total of 22 enabling factors and 15 barriers were mapped into a scale-up framework termed "AIDED" that was used to build the parsimonious breastfeeding gear model (BFGM). Analogous to a well-oiled engine, the BFGM indicates the need for several key "gears" to be working in synchrony and coordination. Evidence-based advocacy is needed to generate the necessary political will to enact legislation and policies to protect, promote, and support BF at the hospital and community levels. This political-policy axis in turn drives the resources needed to support workforce development, program delivery, and promotion. Research and evaluation are needed to sustain the decentralized program coordination "gear" required for goal setting and system feedback. The BFGM helps explain the different levels of performance in national BF outcomes in Mexico and Brazil. Empirical research is recommended to further test the usefulness of the AIDED framework and BFGM for global scaling up of BF programs.
Panoramic Search: The Interaction of Memory and Vision in Search through a Familiar Scene.

How do observers search through familiar scenes? A novel panoramic search method is used to study the interaction of memory and vision in natural search behavior. In panoramic search, observers see part of an unchanging scene larger than their current field of view. A target object can be visible, present in the display but hidden from view, or absent. Visual search efficiency does not change after hundreds of trials through an unchanging scene (Experiment 1). Memory search, in contrast, begins inefficiently but becomes efficient with practice. Given a choice between vision and memory, observers choose vision (Experiments 2 and 3). However, if forced to use their memory on some trials, they learn to use memory on all trials, even when reliable visual information remains available (Experiment 4). The results suggest that observers make a pragmatic choice between vision and memory, with a strong bias toward visual search even for memorized stimuli.
Tolerant or intolerant character of interacting criteria in aggregation by the Choquet integral

Abstract In many multi-criteria decision-making problems the decision criteria present some interaction whose nature may vary from one situation to another. For example, some criteria may be statistically correlated, thus making them somewhat redundant or opposed. Some others may be somewhat substitutive or complementary depending on the behavior of the decision maker. Some others may be decisive in the sense that the global score (of any alternative) obtained by aggregation is bounded by the partial score along one of them. In this paper we analyze this latter form of interaction. When a criterion bounds the global score from above, it is called a blocker or a veto, due to its rather intolerant character. When it bounds the global score from below, it is then called a pusher or a favor. We thus investigate the tolerance of criteria, or equivalently, the tolerance of the weighted aggregation operator (here the Choquet integral) that is used to aggregate criteria. More specifically, we propose (axiomatically) indices to appraise the extent to which each criterion behaves like a veto or a favor in the aggregation by the Choquet integral. Previous to this, we also propose global tolerance degrees measuring the extent to which the Choquet integral is conjunctive or disjunctive.
Approaches to Brain Function

The reader is introduced to the bewildering array of opinion concerning the sensory function of the brain. Those with impatient disposition should omit this chapter and after a glance at Figure 35 should proceed to Chapter 11. Those who really want to know are advised to consult a text on the history of psychology or of neurophysiology, for in this space the topic can hardly be done justice.
Value-based notification conditions in large-scale publish/subscribe systems?

We address the problem of providing scalable support for subscriptions with personalized value-based notification conditions in wide-area publish/subscribe systems. Notification conditions can be fine-tuned by subscribers, allowing precise and flexible control of when events are delivered to the subscribers. For example, a user may specify that she should be notified if and only if the price of a particular stock moves outside a "radius" around her last notified value. Naive techniques for handling notification conditions are not scalable. It is challenging to share subscription processing and notification dissemination of subscriptions with personalized value-based notification conditions, because two subscriptions may see two completely different sequences of notifications even if they specify the same radius. We develop and experimentally evaluate scalable processing and dissemination techniques for these subscriptions. Our approach uses standard network substrates for notification dissemination, and avoids pushing complex application processing into the network. Compared with other alternatives, our approach generates orders of magnitude lower network traffic, and incurs lower server processing cost.
The Autoaccelerator - A Generator for Producing a High Energy Intense Relativistic Electron Beam by the Autoacceleration Process

The technology for producing an intense relativistic electron beam with particle energies of less than 10 MeV is higly developed and has been discussed extensively in the literature. Methods of generating intense electron beams with particle energies exceeding 10 MeV are linked with solving complex physics, enginneering and financial problems. A potentially simple and inexpensive approach for generating such a high kinetic energy electron beam is to use autoacceleration processes on a lower voltage beam. The autoacceleration processes are the result of the mutual interaction between the electron beam and passive structures which are inserted in a conventional drift tube. This interaction leads to the redistribution of energy within the beam such that the majority of the electrons transfer their energy to a small portion of the beam. Possible processes for autoacceleration were discussed as early as 1971 especially in the Russian literature. Experiments showed the feasibility of autoacceleration and the problems facing these mechanisms.
Activation and regeneration of whole cell biocatalysts: initial and periodic induction behavior in starved Escherichia coli after immobilization in thin synthetic films.

Activation and regeneration of whole cell biocatalytic activity via initial and subsequent induction of the lacZ gene was investigated in starved Escherichia coli using a novel synthetic biofilm. Stationary-phase bacteria were entrapped in 10–80 μm thick multi-layer films, where a copolymer of acrylic and vinyl acetate was the immobilization matrix. The E. coli were placed in a defined starvation medium containing essentially no nitrogen or carbon source and induced initially using lactose or isopropylthiogalactoside (IPTG). Subsequent inductions were performed with IPTG. Comparison studies with suspended bacteria showed that when IPTG was the initial inducing agent, induction kinetics are linear for both immobilized and suspended cells. After induction with lactose, however, a lag time is noted for suspended cells, but not for E. coli in the biofilm. Biocatalytic activity was successfully regenerated by re-inducing starved suspended cells 1–3 days after an initial induction with lactose. This regeneration was demonstrated in the synthesis of additional active β-galactosidase. However, immobilized cells could be re-induced for at least 17 days after the initial induction, and viability in the synthetic biofilms remained greater than 90%, demonstrating that periodic induction is a valuable method for extending the life of whole cell biocatalysts. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Strongly reversible manifolds

The results here concern bijective continous functions from one connected separable n -manifold M to another N . If M has the property that every such function is necessarily a homeomorphism, then M is said to be strongly reversible. Strongly reversible manifolds having only compact boundary components are completely charaterized.
The Relationship Between Sleep and Weight in a Sample of Adolescents

Research to date in young children and adults shows a strong, inverse relationship between sleep duration and risk for overweight and obesity. Fewer studies examining this relationship have been conducted in adolescents. The purpose of the article is to describe the relationship between sleep and weight in a population of adolescents, controlling for demographics, energy intake, energy expenditure, and depression. This is a cross-sectional study of 723 adolescents participating in population-based studies of the etiologic factors related to obesity. We examined the relationship between three weight-related dependent variables obtained through a clinical assessment and three sleep variables obtained through self-report. Average caloric intake from dietary recalls, average activity counts based on accelerometers, and depression were included as covariates and the analysis was stratified by gender and grade level. Our results show that the relationship between sleep duration and BMI is evident in middle-school boys (β = −0.32, s.e. = 0.06: P < 0.001) and girls (β = −0.18, s.e. = 0.08: P = 0.02) but largely absent in high-school students. Differences in sleep patterns have little association with weight in males, but in high-school girls, waking up late on weekends as compared to weekdays is associated with lower body fat (β = −0.80, s.e. = 0.40: P = 0.05) and a healthy weight status (β = −0.28, s.e. = 0.14: P = 0.05). This study adds to the evidence that, particularly for middle-school boys and girls, inadequate sleep is a risk factor for early adolescent obesity. Future research needs to examine the relationship longitudinally and to study potential mediators of the relationship.
Best practices in contemporary diagnostic immunohistochemistry: panel approach to hematolymphoid proliferations.

Abstract Context.—The complexities of diagnostic hematopathology in the modern era are well known, and even in this molecular era, immunophenotypic studies, together with routine histopathology, re...
Porphyrobacter mercurialis sp. nov., isolated from a stadium seat and emended description of the genus Porphyrobacter

A novel, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, pleomorphic yellow-orange bacterial strain was isolated from a stadium seat. Strain Coronado(T) falls within the Erythrobacteraceae family and the genus Porphyrobacter based on 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. This strain has Q-10 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone, as do other members of the family. The fatty acid profile of this strain is similar to other Porphyrobacter, however Coronado(T) contains predominately C18:1ω7cis and C16:0, a high percentage of the latter not being observed in any other Erythrobacteraceae. This strain is catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, can grow from 4 to 28 °C, at NaCl concentrations 0.1-1.5%, and at pH 6.0-8.0. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented in this study, strain Coronado(T) represents a novel species in the Porphyrobacter genus for which the name Porphyrobacter mercurialis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is Coronado(T) (=DSMZ 29971, =LMG 28700).
María Zambrano in dialogue

This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies. 2015. 16(4): 329-333. DOI: 10.1080/14636204.2015.1116964.
Heterochrony as Diachronically Modified Cell-Cell Interactions

Heterochrony is an enabling concept in evolution theory that metaphorically captures the mechanism of biologic change due to mechanisms of growth and development. The spatio-temporal patterns of morphogenesis are determined by cell-to-cell signaling mediated by specific soluble growth factors and their cognate receptors on nearby cells of different germline origins. Subsequently, down-stream production of second messengers generates patterns of form and function. Environmental upheavals such as Romer's hypothesized drying up of bodies of water globally caused the vertebrate water-land transition. That transition caused physiologic stress, modifying cell-cell signaling to generate terrestrial adaptations of the skeleton, lung, skin, kidney and brain. These tissue-specific remodeling events occurred as a result of the duplication of the Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein Receptor (PTHrPR) gene, expressed in mesodermal fibroblasts in close proximity to ubiquitously expressed endodermal PTHrP, amplifying this signaling pathway. Examples of how and why PTHrPR amplification affected the ontogeny, phylogeny, physiology and pathophysiology of the lung are used to substantiate and further our understanding through insights to the heterochronic mechanisms of evolution, such as the fish swim bladder evolving into the vertebrate lung, interrelated by such functional homologies as surfactant and mechanotransduction. Instead of the conventional description of this phenomenon, lung evolution can now be understood as adaptive changes in the cellular-molecular signaling mechanisms underlying its ontogeny and phylogeny.
Growth Factors and Neoplasia

Function and growth are two interrelated aspects of life in all organisms. Whereas function permits manifestation of the specific aspects and life patterns of all organisms, growth is the essential process that guarantees the continuity of life. Growth occurs at the level of organismal populations or cell populations within an organism. Regulation of the phenomenon of growth has been a central point of scientific investigation since ancient times. The rapidity of embryonic growth has always fascinated investigators in the biologic sciences. Whereas regulated normal growth is essential for maintenance of life, aberrations of growth characterize several aspects of disease. Aberrant growth is a hallmark of the neoplastic process. The foundations of modern research in oncology were laid down on the premise that the cause of neoplasia could be shown by comparing the growth of normal and neoplastic tissues. Comparisons were made of the growth between regenerating liver and hepatocellular carcinomas as well as of the growth of normal skin and skin papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas. These studies have now expanded to many normal and neoplastic cell systems and have received added impetus with the realization that the growth of normal cells is a highly regulated process. The essential regulatory controls have been intensely investigated during the past 15 years. As a result of these investigations, we understand that cells are stimulated to grow in response to specific chemical messages. These messages are produced by other cells located remotely or adjacent to the responding cell. Occasionally, these messages are produced by the growing cells themselves. The term Growth Factors has been coined to describe collectively the chemical substances that constitute the signals that regulate in a positive or negative manner the growth of cells.
From Holding Hands to Having a Thing to Hooking Up: Framing Heterosexual Youth Relationships

ABSTRACTThe experience of forming romantic attachments during adolescence aids in the development of future relationships. The clearly defined and ordered process of forming these relationships does not seem to exist in adolescent relationships today. This study focuses on the language used to define current dating practices, how parents and youth deviate in these definitions, and the ambiguity associated with adolescent romantic relationship behaviors. Findings indicate several tags applied to youth relationships from talking to dating and youth relationships progress along a continuum with somewhat vague behavioral boundaries. These potentially vague boundaries suggest the need to thoughtfully operationalize the terminology used when assessing dating practices and developing programs for youth and their parents so that efforts to prevent adolescent intimate partner violence are more effective.
Role of Protein Serotype Antigens in Protection against Disease Due to Neisseria meningitidis

Evidence is provided for the protective effects of antibody to noncapsular antigens in immunity to meningococcal disease. Serotype 2 strains were associated with 500/% of disease due to group B Neisseria meningitidis in Europe. The amount of serotype antibody in normal individuals is related to age, and adult levels are reached by about 10 years of age. Children under two years of age who have recovered from disease due to groups B and C N. meningitidis of serotype 2 make antibody to serotype 2; this fact indicates the potential immunogenicity of the serotype antigen in young children. The isolated serotype 2 antigen injected into rabbits elicited bactericidal antibody that was only weakly opsonic. Guinea pigs that were infected via spring implants with serotype 2 N. meningitidis developed antibody to serotype 2. After clearance of infection these animals became resistant to challenge with serotype 2 strains of groups B and C N. meningitidis. This serotype-specific immunity to reinfection persisted for at least four months.
Writer in the Hyphenated Condition: Diana Chang

Americans in the "hyphenated condition," a term Diana Chang coined in a talk at the 1976 MLA convention and particularly non-Caucasian Americans who are most readily because most visibly distinguishable live constantly trying to balance on an edge, now slipping over to one side of the hyphen, now climbing back only to fall down the other side. This divided or schizoid self, so well-illuminated in Marilyn Waniek's article, "The Schizoid Implied Authors of Two American Jewish Novels,"' cannot but be apparent in the work such a person produces. Thus, even if a writer does not write of her own ethnic background, focusing instead on characters from the dominant culture, she may nonetheless reveal not necessarily her own ethnicity but the fact that she is not totally or unequivocally part of the dominant culture.
The acute effects of time-of-day-dependent high fat feeding on whole body metabolic flexibility in mice.

The acute effects of time-of-day-dependent high fat feeding on whole body metabolic flexibility in mice
Observation of clinical efficacy of pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Objective To explore the clinical efficiency of the pulmonary surfactant replacement therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome( ARDS) in full-term and pre-term neonates. Methods The clinical efficacy of 21 full-term neonates who diagnosed with ARDS and were treated with PS were analyzed. Results After the pulmonary surfactant replacement therapy,the levels of PaO2,PaCO2and FiO2were better improved in the treatment group than in the control group 6,12,24 hours after the treatment( P 0. 05). The main parameters of ventilation,including PIP,PEEP,and FiO2,decreased obviously after the treatment. The effective rate was 90. 4%( 19/21). There was no significant adverse reaction occurred. Conclusion The application of pulmonary surfactant replacement treatment in full-term and pre-term infants with ARDS could improve their clinical efficiency and reduce the duration of ventilation and complications.
Rhythm analysis of second-language speech through low-frequency auditory features.

Rhythm patterns play an important role in the perception of second-language (L2) speech. This paper presents a novel approach to evaluating L2 speech rhythm using low-frequency spectral features inspired by the rhythmogram auditory model. In this paper we investigate several new feature sets for use in training rhythm-centric acoustic models. By capturing information over suprasegmental linguistic units appropriate for rhythmic analysis (including syllables and prosodic feet), these novel features can outperform traditional features in detecting rhythm errors on the ISLE corpus of learner English by 5-15% absolute.
Predictors of Excisional Volume Loss in Partial Nephrectomy: Is There Still Room for Improvement?

Abstract Since volume loss is the most important modifiable determinant of long-term renal function after partial nephrectomy, there is great interest in ways to reduce the loss of healthy parenchyma. We retrospectively reviewed 880 partial nephrectomies to identify predictors of excisional volume loss (EVL), based on pathologic assessment. After stepwise variable selection, we assessed age, sex, solitary kidney status, tumor size, endophytic property, estimated blood loss, surgical approach, and surgeon volume for association with EVL using multiple regression. Male sex ( p p p =0.01), open approach ( p p p 3 more EVL than robotic surgery. Negative surgical margins (95.7% vs 94.1%, p =0.32) did not differ between open and robotic approaches, respectively. EVL is associated with patient, tumor, and especially provider factors, suggesting that volume preservation may be improved with surgical optimization. Lack of percent volume loss data, which precluded assessment of EVL's impact on long-term renal function, is a limitation. Patient summary We found that surgical approach affects the quantity of healthy kidney removed during cancer surgery, suggesting that there is room for further surgical improvement.
Demand on Foreign Assets is Falling, Bank Currency Accounts are Stable

2015 saw a noticeable reduction on the part of economic agents for assets in foreign currency. This signiﬁed a decrease in investments in foreign assets both for the population and for organizations (for individuals – savings in foreign exchange cash) with relatively stable (for organizations) and growing (for population) currency accounts in Russian banks.
Classification of and techniques for the reconstitution of acquired strictures in the region of the ureteropelvic junction.

AbstractWe performed percutaneous intrarenal surgery on 22 patients with acquired strictures of various degrees of severity in the region of the ureteropelvic junction. Of 17 patients with strictures through which a guide wire could be passed (type 1) 8 (47 per cent) had good or excellent long-term results. Of 4 patients with strictures that were patent radiologically but through which a guide wire could not be passed (type 2) only 1 (25 per cent) had good long-term results. The patient with a stricture that totally obliterated the lumen (type 3) suffered recurrence. We conclude that percutaneous techniques for the management of acquired strictures in the region of the ureteropelvic junction can be difficult technically and currently are most successful in the treatment of strictures of short duration that occur after pyeloplasty.
Bridging the Gap Between Academia and Industry in Hospitality: Using Real Life Case Studies

This article offers a detailed description of the successful use of Experiential Learning Techniques in a hospitality classroom setting. The authors argue that the use of such instructional approaches will bridge the existing gap between hospitality education and the competencies employers expect from graduates of hospitality programs.
Nonlinear optical studies and CO 2 laser-induced melting of Zn-doped GaAs

The absorption of CO2 laser radiation (λ = 10.6 μm) in p-type GaAs is dominated by direct free-hole transitions between states in the heavy- and light-hole bands. For laser intensities of the order of 10 MW/cm2 (pulse duration at FWHM = 70 nsec), the absorption coefficient of lightly Zn-doped GaAs begins to decrease with increasing laser intensity. The nonlinear transmission is found to be reasonably well described by an inhomogeneously broadened two-level model, where the saturation intensity has a value of ~20 MW/cm2 for light with a wavelength of 10.6μm.
Whitman: A New Distribution of Roles

The paradox which remains central to Thoreau’s development is that the expression of a vertical symbolic unity is dependent on relationships which are horizontal and metaphoric. It is only through an intimacy with the material world that transcendence can be truly perceived. Thus transcendence and materiality are shown to be compatible terms. However, the ultimate success for Thoreau lies in the expression of transcendence through the single fact — the bug in Waiden, the beach grass of Cape Cod and Mount Ktaadn in The Maine Woods are independent expressions of the same divinity. These objects evoke an individuality which powerfully radiates an otherness so that the activity of relating is seen as a transient state. By reaching a state of seamlessness they dramatically reflect the qualities of divinity as an omnipresent figure. Nature consistently reveals a process of stealthily drawing objects together to produce magnificent expressions of unity — identities, like Waiden Pond, which suggest none of the difficult associations evident in social intercourse. Therefore, even when accompanied on his adventures, Thoreau avoids the elements normally associated with good company and so conversations are generally extended enquiries while debate simply does not exist.
Robust LPV estimator synthesis using integral quadratic constraints

A method is presented for synthesizing output estimators for a class of continuous time, uncertain, linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. The uncertain system is described as an interconnection of a nominal LPV system and a block structured perturbation. The nominal LPV system is “gridded” over the space of parameters, with the state matrices being arbitrary functions of the parameters. The input/output behavior of the perturbation is described by integral quadratic constraints. The main contribution of this paper is the derivation of convex conditions for the synthesis of output estimators for uncertain, grid-based LPV plants. Since LPV systems do not have valid frequency response interpretations, the time domain, dissipation inequality approach is followed. Robust performance is measured using the upper-bound on the worst-case induced-L2 gain of the closed loop. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using a numerical example.
One-Electron Mechanism in a Gel–Polymer Electrolyte Li–O2 Battery

Development of better energy storage media is vital in the adoption of renewable energy technologies, and lithium–air (O2) batteries have spurred great interest. However, current Li–O2 batteries are plagued by unwanted side reactions, flammable electrolytes, and slow kinetics attributed to the 2 mol e–/mol O2 peroxide chemistry. In this work, we show that a gel polymer electrolyte consisting of a polymer, ionic liquid, and salt can control the oxygen reduction chemistry in a Li–O2 cell (switching from a 2 e– to a 1 e– superoxide chemistry), support the formation of ionic liquid–superoxide complexes, and reduce the number of reactive species present in the cell. A one electron process could allow for newer energy-dense Li–O2 batteries with faster kinetics and higher energy efficiencies typical of superoxide-dominant Na–O2 and K–O2 batteries.
Performance of Western Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma californicum) on Two Common Host Plants, Including a New Host Plant Record

ABSTRACT. Tent caterpillars are generalists across their full host range, but display local host plant preferences. We present evidence for a new host plant record, wax currant (Ribes cereum), for western tent caterpillars (Malacosoma californicum) along the Colorado Front Range. We tested the suitability of wax currant as a host plant for western tent caterpillars as compared to chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), an abundant and commonly used host plant. We measured the density of tent caterpillar tents in areas where both host plants occur to assess host plant use. We reared tent caterpillar larvae on both host plants and measured fitness effects due to host plant quality (survival, pupal mass) and natural enemies (parasitism). We did not find a relationship between host plant abundance and use by tent caterpillars and found no evidence for a preference for either host plant. We found that western tent caterpillars do not differ in pupal mass when reared on chokecherry and on wax currant in a laboratory s...
Sleep disturbance and depressive affect in patients treated with haemodialysis.

SUMMARYBackground Sleep disorders and depression are prevalent conditions in patients with end-stage kidney disease. These co-morbidities have significant overlap and compounded morbidity and mortality burden. This overlap presents challenges to optimal clinical assessment and treatment. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients on maintenance haemodialysis, and to assess the impact of depressive affect. Objectives This was a single-site, single group, cross-sectional study of 69 English-speaking patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Self-reported assessments included those of sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), daytime sleepiness (Epworth's Sleepiness Scale), a dialysis-specific sleep questionnaire, and standard laboratory values. No objective sleep information was collected. Method All participants were well dialysed, and represented all four daily shifts. Fifty-eight per cent reported clinically significant sleep difficulty, with elevated yet sub-threshold daytime sleepiness. Mean depressive affect was also elevated, yet sub-diagnostic and was positively correlated with increased age. Results Participants scoring above the diagnostic threshold for depression had significantly more disturbed sleep quality, more daytime sleepiness and had more problems sleeping due to restless leg syndrome than people with minimal depressive affect. Conclusion Poor sleep quality is prevalent in patients on maintenance haemodialysis, and is associated with increased daytime sleepiness. Depression further compounds this relationship, and is significantly associated with increased daytime sleepiness and restless leg syndrome.
Medical Management of Ulcerative Colitis: Conventional Therapy—Azathioprine

Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are effective therapies for maintaining steroid-free remission for many patients with ulcerative colitis. Genetic variation in the population leading to variable thiopurine metabolism warrants initial and ongoing laboratory monitoring throughout the course of treatment for dose-dependent toxicities such as leukopenia and hepatic biochemical abnormalities. Dose-independent toxicity, such as fever, pancreatitis, or flu-like illness, often occurs in the first few weeks of therapy, but some reactions (e.g., nausea) may be avoided by switching from azathioprine to 6-mercaptopurine. Infections are a primary risk of long-term therapy. There is an elevated relative risk of lymphoma during therapy; however, the absolute risk is relatively low. Future clinical trials may determine if the combination of azathioprine and biologic therapy is more effective in ulcerative colitis than either therapy alone.