cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mannan as an antigen in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) assays and as a modulator of mannan-specific CMI.

Mannan (MAN) extracted from Candida albicans 20A was investigated for its potential as an antigen in the detection of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in vivo and in vitro and for its ability to modulate CMI when administered intravenously (i.v.). CBA/J mice were either immunized as adults by the cutaneous inoculation of 10(6) viable blastoconidia or colonized as infants (primed) and then boosted cutaneously as adults. When immunized animals were footpad tested with MAN, highly significant delayed-type hypersensitivity (DH) responses were detected. The DH responses to MAN were of a greater magnitude than those noted with the same quantity of cell wall glycoprotein (GP), an ethylenediamine extract of the cell wall which contains both glucan and MAN. In contrast, GP was a better antigen for the detection of CMI responses in an in vitro lymphoproliferative assay with either spleen or lymph node cell suspensions. Mice treated with MAN i.v. prior to the initiation of immunization or between priming and secondary inoculations developed significantly suppressed DH reactions when tested with either MAN or GP. The lowest effective dose of MAN was 250 micrograms, maximum suppression occurred with 500 micrograms, and either dose given 1 week prior to immunization was suppressive. The suppression by MAN was specific for MAN or the MAN-containing GP. Responses to another unrelated candidal antigen, a membrane extract designated BEX, were relatively unaffected. MAN, therefore, was an effective antigen for the detection of CMI in vivo, and its administration i.v. created what appeared to be a MAN-specific suppression since it could be detected with both MAN and a MAN-containing extract from the cell wall. Caution must be exercised in the interpretation of these data, however, since the protein component of each of these extracts has not been characterized with respect to its potential role in the phenomena observed.
Modeling speech production and perception mechanisms and their applications to synthesis, recognition, and coding

Summary form only given, as follows. Quantitative models of human speech production and perception mechanisms provide important insights into our cognitive abilities and can lead to high-quality speech synthesis, robust automatic speech recognition and coding schemes, and better speech and hearing prostheses. Some of our research activities in these two areas are described. Our speech production work involved collecting, and analyzing magnetic resonance images (MRI), acoustic recordings, and electropalatography (EPG) data from talkers of American English during speech production. The articulatory database is the largest of its kind in the world and contains the first images of liquids (such as /I/ and /r/) and fricatives (such as /s/ and /sh) for both male and female talkers. MR images are useful for characterizing the 3D geometry of the vocal tract (VT) and for measuring lengths, area functions, and volumes. EPG is used to study inter- and intra-speaker variabilities in the articulatory dynamics, while acoustic recordings are necessary for modeling. Inter- and intra-speaker characteristics of the VT and tongue shapes will be illustrated for various speech sounds, as well as results of acoustic modeling based on the MRI and acoustic data. The implications of our findings on vocal-tract normalization schemes and speech synthesis are also discussed. In the speech perception area, aspects of auditory signal processing and speech perception are parameterized and implemented in a speech recognition system. Our models parameterize the sensitivity to spectral dynamics and local peak frequency positions in the speech signal. These cues remain robust when listening to speech in noise. Recognition evaluations using the dynamic model with a stochastic hidden Markov model (HMM) recognition system showed increased robustness to noise over other state-of-the-art representations. The applications of auditory modeling to speech coding are discussed. We developed an embedded and perceptually-based speech and audio coder. Perceptual metrics are used to ensure that encoding is optimized to the human listener and is based on calculating the signal-to-mask ratio in short-time frames of the input signal. An adaptive bit allocation scheme is employed and the subband energies are then quantized. The coder is variable-rate, noise-robust and suitable for wireless communications.
West Virginia's Mountaineer Doctor Television

The Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center of West Virginia University (RCB HSC) is located in Morgantown, WV and offers a full array of services (Figure 1). The central mission of the RCB HSC is service to the State of West Virginia. West Virginia is a state with an approximate population of 1.8 million, 55 counties, approximately 3,000 physicians, and 63 hospitals (over half of which have less than 100 beds). Because of its terrain and distance to urban areas, recruitment of primary care physicians to rural West Virginia is a problem. In order to reduce feelings of isolation and to increase retention of providers in rural areas, the RCB HSC has developed many programs to support rural providers. For example, in 1985, the WVU School of Medicine started a program called the Medical Access and Referral System (MARS). This toll-free service enables RCB HSC specialists to instantly provide medical information to West Virginia's rural practitioners. MARS now receives over 1,500 calls a month. Rural practitioners that use MARS have indicated that it is a lifeline that allows them to provide better patient care. Another successful program at the RCB HSC designed to address the issue of isolation is the Visiting Clinicians Program. This program brings selected primary care physicians from rural West Virginia to the RCB HSC regularly to teach students in the morning and to be matched in the afternoon with a specialist of their choice. These rural doctors receive a stipend for their teaching, CME credit for their learning, and are appointed to the clinical faculty of the West Virginia University School of Medicine. These and other RCB HSC outreach programs now operate in 53 of West Virginia's 55 counties (Figure 2). Briefly, other programs include:
''Diagonalization'' of a compound Atwood machine

We consider a simple Atwood machine consisting of a massless frictionless pulley no. 0 supporting two masses m1 and m2 connected by a massless flexible string. We show that the string that supports massless pulley no. 0 ‘‘thinks’’ it is simply supporting a mass m0, with m0=4m1m2/(m1+m2). This result, together with Einstein’s equivalence principle, allows us to solve easily those compound Atwood machines created by replacing one or both of m1 and m2 in machine no. 0 by an Atwood machine. We may then replacing the masses in these new machines by machines, etc. The complete solution can be written down immediately, without solving simultaneous equations. Finally we give the effective mass of an Atwood machine whose pulley has nonzero mass and moment of inertia.
Can a Preschooler’s Mistaken Belief Benefit Learning?

Young children erroneously believe that differences either in mass alone or in volume alone can predict differences in sinking speed. The current study was an attempt to teach preschool children that neither mass nor volume alone is predictive for sinking speed. Instead, it is the average density of an object that can predict differences in sinking speed. Twenty-four 4-to 6-year-olds participated. In an initial phase, children’s mistaken beliefs about the effects of mass and volume on sinking speed were called to their minds. Then they were presented with demonstrations of sinking objects that disconfirmed these mistaken beliefs. The findings show that preschool children can replace mistaken beliefs and learn that two dimensions, originally thought of as being relevant, are indeed irrelevant. Children who did not perform correctly demonstrated a mass bias. The results also shed light on the origins of this bias.
Methodological quality of intervention research in speech–language pathology: Analysis of 10 years of group-design studies

The aim of this work was to critically examine the methodological quality of recent treatment research in speech–language pathology, focusing specifically on group-design studies (randomized, controlled trials and quasi-experimental-design studies). We also considered whether methodological quality differed as a function of a particular study's treatment focus (i.e. literacy, language, speech, fluency, voice), the age group studied (pre-school-age child; school-age child; adult), the year of publication, or the publishing journal. In total, 53 treatment studies published in the last 10 years in three journals of the American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (ASHA) were selected for analysis using Downs and Black's (1998) reliable, valid rating tool for examining methodological quality. The results indicated that the quality of the treatment studies was highly variable in terms of the 25 indicators of quality studied, and that there were few systematic differences in quality attributable to treatment fo...
Comparison of vasopressin and triglycyl-lysine vasopressin on splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics in dogs.

Triglycyl-lysine vasopressin (tGLVP) is activated in the circulation when theN-triglycyl residue of the molecule is cleaved by endothelial peptidases, releasing lysine vasopressin. We compared the effect of an intravenous bolus dose of tGLVP (20 μg/kg) with a constant infusion (2.75 mU/kg/min) of arginine and lysine vasopressin (PitressinR) in normal mongrel dogs. Portal pressure was artifactually increased by a constricting flow probe. Baseline values were similar in both groups; at the time of near-maximal reduction in portal pressure, both drugs equally reduced portal venous pressure (38±4 vs 39±4%), superior mesenteric arterial blood flow (40±8 vs 39±9%), portal venous flow (35±4 vs 40±5%), and heart rate (9±2 vs 11±7%. Cardiac output obtained 10–30 min after tGLVP administration was similar to that of VP, and each drug reduced cardiac output significantly when compared with its own baseline (18±4 vs 21±7%). Mean arterial pressure increased similarly with both drugs (11±3 vs 11±3%). The only difference observed was the hepatic arterial flow response. While tGLVP increased HAF 34±11%, the physiologic autoregulatory response to a decrease in portal venous flow and pressure; vasopressin was associated with no such compensatory response (1±6%). Whether this advantage of tGLVP and its more prolonged reduction of portal venous pressure (mean 103 min) are beneficial in the clinical setting requires additional studies.
Categorical perception of speech stimuli in children at risk for reading difficulty

Children determined to be at risk (n = 24) or not at risk (n = 13) for reading difficulty listened to tokens from a voice onset time (VOT) (/ga/-/ka/) or tone series played in a continuous unbroken rhythm. Changes between tokens occurred at random intervals and children were asked to press a button as soon as they detected a change. For the VOT series, at-risk children were less sensitive than not-at-risk children to changes between tokens that crossed the phonetic boundary. Maps of group stimulus space produced using multidimensional scaling of reaction times for the VOT series indicated that at-risk children may attend less to the phonological information available in the speech stimuli and more to subtle acoustic differences between phonetically similar stimuli than not-at-risk children. Better phonological processing was associated with greater sensitivity to changes between VOT tokens that crossed the phonetic boundary and greater relative weighting of the phonological compared to the acoustic dimension across both groups.
A REFERENCE-INVARIANT HEALTH DISPARITY INDEX BASED ON RÉNYI DIVERGENCE.

One of four overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) is to achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. In health disparity indices (HDIs) such as the mean log deviation (MLD) and Theil index (TI), disparities are relative to the population average, whereas in the index of disparity (IDisp) the reference is the group with the least adverse health outcome. Although the latter may be preferable, identification of a reference group can be affected by statistical reliability. To address this issue, we propose a new HDI, the Renyi index (RI), which is reference-invariant. When standardized, the RI extends the Atkinson index, where a disparity aversion parameter can incorporate societal values associated with health equity. In addition, both the MLD and TI are limiting cases of the RI. Also, a symmetrized Renyi index (SRI) can be constructed, resulting in a symmetric measure in the two distributions whose relative entropy is being evaluated. We discuss alternative symmetric and reference-invariant HDIs derived from the generalized entropy (GE) class and the Bregman divergence, and argue that the SRI is more robust than its GE-based counterpart to small changes in the distribution of the adverse health outcome. We evaluate the design-based standard errors and bootstrapped sampling distributions for the SRI, and illustrate the proposed methodology using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) on the 2001-04 prevalence of moderate or severe periodontitis among adults aged 45-74, which tracks Oral Health objective OH-5 in HP2020. Such data, which uses a binary individual-level outcome variable, are typical of HP2020 data.
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Endometrial Cancer: A Contemporary Approach to Surgical Staging

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping may be an acceptable surgical strategy between a complete lymphadenectomy and no nodal evaluation in patients with endometrial cancer. The most recent National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines includes recommendations and techniques for SLN mapping for endometrial cancer. The use of pericervical injection of fluorescent indocyanide green dye, combined with infrared camera and the laparoscopic approachcanaid in identification, isolation, and removal of SLNs.
The evolution of cost-effective screening and prevention of cervical carcinoma: implications of the 2006 consensus guidelines and human papillomavirus vaccination.

s H t s l t ervical cancer accounts for more gynecology-related deaths worldwide than any other malady, thus making it he most important preventable disease in woman’s health toay. Although likely an underestimate, Parkin et al reported hat cervical cancer affected 493,243 women worldwide in 002, which makes it the second most common female cancer nd the third most common cause of female cancer death, with 73,505 deaths reported. Another way to analyze the imporance of cervical cancer to society is to evaluate the years of life ost by young and middle-aged women (25-64 years old). On a lobal basis, cancer of the cervix is responsible for approxiately 2% of the total (weighted) years of life lost. However, it s the most important cause of years of life lost in Latin America nd the Caribbean. Cervical cancer also contributes the largest ortion to years of life lost from cancer in the populous regions f Sub-Saharan Africa and South-Central Asia, where the acual risk of loss of life from this cause is even higher, although it s somewhat overshadowed by deaths from noncancerous auses, such as acquired immunodeficiency disease and uberculosis. In the developed world in general and the United States speifically, cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates have delined approximately 75% over the past 3 decades. Still, the isease remains a serious health threat, with an estimated incience and mortality rate of 11,150 and 3670 in 2007, respecively. Incidence rates for Hispanic and Asian, especially Vietamese, women are higher than those for non-Hispanic nonsian American women. In addition, the African American ortality rate continues to be more than double that of white omen, even though the mortality rate for African American omen has declined more rapidly than the rate for white omen. Cervical cancer is preventable and generally curable if deected early. Important strategies to reduce the risk of cervical ancer include screening through the use of the Papanicolaou est, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and prophylactic PV vaccination. Researchers have identified HPV, which is
The forces and movements at the earthquake‐focus

It has long been known that tectonic earthquakes are due to fractures of the rock, usually connected with the formation of a new fault,or with renewed movement on an old one. The study of the California earthquake of 1906 developed the elastic-rebound theory, which explains in detail what occurs just before, and at the time of, the fracture. The theory was suggested by the displacements of various stations, as determined by Hayford's surveys; but it is not dependent on these displacements; it is founded on the fundamental characteristics of elastic solids. If we imagine stresses set up in the rock by movements in the Earth's crust, elastic strains will develop. If these strains pass the elastic limit, slow plastic distortions will take place. If the stresses grow sufficiently strong the rock will fracture and the two sides will spring back towards positions of no elastic strain. The elastic limit is a function of the time; the longer the stresses act the lower is the elastic limit; so that stresses not nearly strong enough to cause fracture may in time cause large plastic distortion, as evidenced by the slow bending of marble grave-slabs, and by the strong folding of strata.
Electrically-variable optical-beam deflection and focusing with p.l.z.t. ceramics

Discs of the ferroelectric ceramic p.l.z.t. have been used for electrically controlled light-beam deflection, with deflection angles up to 6°. and for mirrors of electrically variable focal length. The two techniques, both with nonvolatile memory, should find applications in optical instruments.
The need for converging evidence

Pienemann's Processability Theory is an interesting and well thought out attempt to account for the developmental problem in L1 and L2. If correct, it would relieve the genetically specified knowledge base of what he views as its burdensome task of having to specify a great deal of genetically encoded linguistic knowledge and transfer at least part of that task to the processing mechanisms available for the acquisition of procedural skills needed for language processing. He posits a set of processing resources forming an implicational hierarchy such that the resource of a certain level is a prerequisite for the functioning of the next higher level. He posits further that the processing devices will be acquired in their predetermined sequence of activation in the production process. A consequence of this is that acquirers of both the first and the second language will follow the same sequence of acquisition of the processing hierarchy. The differences in the courses of development can be attributed, he says, to the knowledge base with which the learner comes to the acquisition task. In the case of L1, he says, many would see UG as the knowledge base; in the case of L2, only the surface syntactic features of the target language are available (and, presumably, knowledge of the L1).
Screening the interactions between HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies and model lipid surfaces.

Abstract Our work is motivated by the observation that rare, broadly neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), 4E10 and 2F5, associate with HIV-1 lipids as part of a required first step in neutralization before binding to membrane-proximal antigens. Subsequently, induction of these types of NAbs may be limited by immunologic tolerance due to autoreactivity with host cell membranes. Despite the significance of this lipid reactivity there is little experimental evidence detailing NAb–membrane interactions. Simple and efficient screening assays are needed to select antibodies that have similar lipid reactivity as known NAbs. To this end we have developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy based assay that monitors antibody binding to thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) that replicate salient lipid surface chemistries and NAb binding to lipid surfaces. Specifically, we probed the relative importance of charge and hydrophobicity on antibody–surface interactions. We found that NAb binding to hydrophobic thiol surfaces was significantly greater than that of control monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Furthermore, we confirmed the importance of charge-mediated antibody surface interactions, originally suggested by results from mAb interactions with conventional lipid vesicle/bilayer surfaces. Our approach, using self-assembled thiol monolayers that replicate the binding behavior of NAbs on lipid surfaces, thus provides an efficient and useful tool to screen interactions of mAbs and lipid-reactive NAbs.
Singularly perturbed control systems using non-commutative computer algebra

SUMMARY Most algebraic calculations which one sees in linear systems theory, for example in IEEE TAC, involve block matrices and so are highly non-commutative. Thus conventional commutative computer algebra packages, as in Mathematica and Maple, do not address them. Here we investigate the usefulness of non-commutative computer algebra in a particular area of control theory*singularly perturbed dynamic systems*where working with the non-commutative polynomials involved is especially tedious. Our conclusion is that they have considerable potential for helping practitioners with such computations. Commutative GroK bner basis algorithms are powerful and make up the engines in symbolic algebra packages’ Solve commands. Non-commutative GroK bner basis algorithms are more recent, but we shall see that they, together with an algorithm for removing &&redundant equations’’, are useful in manipulating the messy sets of non-commutative polynomial equations which arise in singular perturbation calculations. We use the non-commutative algebra package NCAlgebra and the non-commutative GroK bner basis package NCGB which runs under it on two di!erent problems. We illustrate the method on the classical state feedback optimal control problem, see [1], where we obtain one more (very long) term than was done previously. Then we use it to derive singular perturbation expansions for the relatively new (linear) information state equation. Copyright ( 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On transitional space, unresolved conflicts, and an uncertain teacher education

This research project began as an effort to redesign a learning theory course as transitional space and evolved into an analysis of how unresolved conflict from younger learning selves influence graduate preservice teachers’ acquisition of teacher identity. The study draws upon work by Elizabeth Ellsworth on transitional space and Deborah P. Britzman’s work that deconstructs teacher education development. The data for the study were collected throughout a three‐semester graduate teacher education program and include narrative and formal writing using theoretical discourses. Foucauldian concepts of discourse analysis were used to interpret the initial data set; discourse analysis maps were then employed to further develop data interpretation. Two case study illustrations of preservice teachers resulted from this work. These illustrations demonstrate how transitional space is troubled space and the unevenness of teacher development. The study raises the question, ‘What will teacher education do with uncerta...
Interactive Assessment as a Research Tool

Dynamic/interactive approaches to psychological assessment make it possible to get information that would not be available from the use of other assessment methods. This utility rests on the concept of induced change as a research tactic, that is, inferring the nature of phenomena by deliberately and calculatedly changing them and then assessing the effects of those changes on criterion variables. Studies are reviewed showing how interactive assessment yielded new knowledge in the domains of psychopathology; neuropsychology; learning disabilities; intelligence testing in normally developing, deaf, and immigrant children; and evaluation of educational programs. Some ways in which interactive assessment procedures need improvement are discussed, principally with respect to their measurement characteristics.
Reverse Phosphotransfer from OmpR to EnvZ in a Kinase−/Phosphatase+ Mutant of EnvZ (EnvZ•N347D), a Bifunctional Signal Transducer of Escherichia coli

EnvZ of Escherichia coli is a transmembrane histidine kinase belonging to the family of two-component signal transducing systems prevalent in prokaryotes and recently discovered in eukaryotes. In response to changes in medium osmolarity EnvZ regulates the level of phosphorylated OmpR, its conjugate response-regulating transcription factor for ompF and ompC genes. EnvZ has dual opposing enzymatic activities; OmpR-phosphorylase (kinase) and phospho-OmpR-dephosphorylase (phosphatase). The osmotic signal is proposed to regulate the ratio of the kinase to the phosphatase activities of EnvZ to modulate the level of OmpR phosphorylation. In this work we used a COOH-terminal fragment of a previously identified kinase−/phosphatase+ EnvZ mutant (EnvZ•N347D) to demonstrate that the phosphoryl group on phospho-OmpR is transferred back to EnvZ to the same histidine residue (His243) that is utilized for the autokinase reaction by the wild type protein. Phospho-EnvZ•N347D thus formed could also transfer its phosphoryl group back to OmpR. The phosphotransfer reaction from phospho-OmpR to EnvZ•N347D was inhibited by ADP while Mg2+ ions stimulated the dephosphorylation reaction, resulting in release of inorganic phosphate. These results indicate that the energy levels of phosphoryl groups on OmpR and EnvZ are very similar and that the phosphatase reaction in the EnvZ•N347D mutant involves a reversal of the phosphotransfer reaction from EnvZ to OmpR using the identical His243 residue.
Stress-Strain Relationships in Yarns Subjected to Rapid Impact Loading: Part II. Breaking Velocities, Strain Energies, and Theory Neglecting Wave Propagation

The behavior of a yarn specimen, which is fastened at one end to a head mass and at the other end to a small tail mass, is analyzed for longitudinal impact of the specimen at the head. The analysis...
The effect of motion on IMRT - looking at interplay with 3D measurements.

Clinical recommendations to address tumor motion management have been derived from studies dealing with simulations and 2D measurements. 3D measurements may provide more insight and possibly alter the current motion management guidelines. This study provides an initial look at true 3D measurements involving leaf motion deliveries by use of a motion phantom and the PRESAGE/DLOS dosimetry system. An IMRT and VMAT plan were delivered to the phantom and analyzed by means of DVHs to determine whether the expansion of treatment volumes based on known imaging motion adequately cover the target. DVHs confirmed that for these deliveries the expansion volumes were adequate to treat the intended target although further studies should be conducted to allow for differences in parameters that could alter the results, such as delivery dose and breathe rate.
Core-exciton phonon interaction in LiF

Abstract The temperature coefficients of the fundamental exciton at 12.6 eV and the Li + 1s-2p exciton at 61.9 eV in LiF are both negative. But the Li + core exciton should have a small positive temperature coefficient or, more likely, a zero one according to the point-ion model. We checked the validity of the point-ion model for LiF by measuring with great accuracy the temperature dependence of core levels binding energies by means of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. We have concluded that the Li + 1s-2p exciton temperature coefficient arises entirely from exciton-phonon interaction. We have determined also the Li + 1s absorption threshold from available thermo-absorption spectra. The core-exciton phonon interaction is discussed using different models.
Volatile element chemistry in the solar nebula: Na, K, F, Cl, Br, and P

The results of the most extensive set to date of thermodynamic calculations on the equilibrium chemistry of several hundred compounds of the elements Na, K, F, Cl, Br, and P in a solar composition system are reported. Two extreme models of accretion are investigated. In one extreme complete chemical equilibrium between condensates and gases is maintained because the time scale for accretion is long compared to the time scale for cooling or dissipation of the nebula. Condensates formed in this homogeneous accretion model include several phases such as whitlockite, alkali feldspars, and apatite minerals which are found in chondrites. In the other extreme complete isolation of newly formed condensates from prior condensates and gases occurs due to a time scale for accretion that is short relative to the time required for nebular cooling or dissipation. The condensates produced in this heterogeneous accretion model include alkali sulfides, ammonium halides, and ammonium phosphates. None of these phases are found in chondrites. Available observations of the Na, K, F, Cl, Br, and P elemental abundances in the terrestrial planets are found to be compatible with the predictions of the homogeneous accretion model.
Connections of Berry and Hannay type for moving Lagrangian submanifolds

Abstract Berry's phase is the holonomy of the natural connection on the canonical circle bundle over projectivized quantum Hilbert space. Given a symplectic manifold P, a classical limit of this phase is constructed as the holonomy of a Berry connection over a finite-codimensional isodrastic foliation (defined by constancy of action integrals) on the space of lagrangian submanifolds in P equipped with smooth densities of total measure 1. If the densities are determined by a Kahler metric compatible with the symplectic structure, the curvature of the Berry connection at the lagrangian submanifold L is given by a simple formula involving curvature of L. In particular, the Berry connection defines a homotopy invariant for isodrastic loops of minimal lagrangian submanifolds in a simply connected Kahler manifold. A similar invariant constructed by the author for loops of symplectomorphisms is also a special case of the classical Berry phase. A classical analogue of Berry's phase was discovered by Hannay for moving families of completely integrable systems. Following Berry and Hannay, we interpret Hannay's angles as the holonomy of a Hannay connection on a bundle of tori over the isodrastic foliation on the space of lagrangian toral layers consisting of lagrangian tori with a flat affine structure and an extension of this structure to the first infinitesimal neighborhood. Finally, we show that the Hannay angles are the derivatives with respect to action variables of the classical Berry phase.
Broadcast capacity of a WSN under communication and information coordination

The broadcast capacity of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is defined as the maximum rate at which the network may generate messages intended for distribution to the entire network when subject to certain conditions on coverage and delay. Broadcast capacity is limited by factors such as communication collisions and congestion. Collisions may be reduced through the use of communication coordination (CC), and congestion may be reduced through information coordination (IC), ensuring that only useful messages are transmitted and stored. We study the broadcast capacity of a WSN when subject to various real world phenomena that affect wireless communication, namely channel variations, interference and random node failures. We study the benefits and costs associated with using the IC and CC mechanisms on different topologies through the use of various metrics.
Synthesis of isoindigo-based oligothiophenes for molecular bulk heterojunction solar cells.

Isoindigo, as a new electron acceptor unit for organic electronic materials, was integrated into two low-energy gap oligothiophenes. Optical and electrochemical studies of the newly synthesized oligomers demonstrate broad absorption through the visible spectrum, along with appropriate energy levels, as desired for light harvesting donors for organic solar cells when blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM). Molecular heterojunction solar cells were fabricated using these oligomers and exhibit a power conversion efficiency up to 1.76% with a Voc of 0.74 V, Isc of 6.3 mA/cm2 and fill factor of 0.38.
Lipid synthesis by Antimora rostrata, an abyssal codling from the Kona coast.

Abstract 1. 1. Antimora rostrata was collected from 2000 m in depth using the free vehicle technique off the Kona coast, Hawaii. Four of its tissues were excised to study lipid synthesis at different pressures and oxygen tensions. 2. 2. Acetate-1-14C was incorporated chiefly into phospholipids in swimbladder, intestine, and gill. Acetate-1-14C was primarily incorporated into triglycerides in the liver. This reflects the lipid composition of these tissues. 3. 3. The swimbladder and gill had the highest metabolism of the four tissues. 4. 4. Triglyceride synthesis was inhibited by pressure in all four tissues studied. High pressure enhanced phospholipid and fatty acid synthesis. 5. 5. Oxygen enhanced the synthesis of cholesterol from acetate-1-14C and squalene-4-3H. This suggests that the synthesis of high cholesterol concentrations in the swimbladder lipids is facilitated by the presence of hyperbaric oxygen in the swimbladders of abyssal fishes.
High-field domains in a thin cover-layer of CdS improve significantly the efficiency of CdS/CdTe solar cells

It is shown that a thin layer of CdS on top of a CdTe Solar Cell improves the efficiency by increasing mainly the open circuit voltage. This is reasoned as a result of reduced junction leakage and caused by a limitation of the maximum junction field. Such a limitation is achieved by the creation of a high-field domain in the copper-doped CdS, adjacent to the junction. The domain is initiated by field-quenching, that with further development creates a range of negative differential electron conductivity that forces the domain creation. Within the domain the field is limited to the domain field of about 80 kV/cm, that is well below initiating of any tunneling.
The Measurement of Aggressive Behavior in Laboratory Rats

(1933). The Measurement of Aggressive Behavior in Laboratory Rats. The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 213-217.
The design and performance of a gas cherenkov counter with spatial resolution

Abstract We describe the design and performance of a threshold gas Cherenkov counter used for detecting electrons in experiments of K e3 decays and hyperon leptonic decays. The counter has a degree of spatial resolution, i.e. it can resolve the azimuthal angle of the electron trajectory to ±7.5°.
Candidate genes for respiratory disease associated with markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in elderly men.

Background Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that candidate genes selected for a study of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) are associated with markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in an aging population.
Electronic perturbations of iron dipyrrinato complexes via ligand β-halogenation and meso-fluoroarylation.

Systematic electronic variations were introduced into the monoanionic dipyrrinato ligand scaffold via halogenation of the pyrrolic β-positions and/or via the use of fluorinated aryl substituents in the ligand bridgehead position in order to synthesize proligands of the type 1,9-dimesityl-β-R4-5-Ar-dipyrrin [R = H, Cl, Br, I; Ar = mesityl, 3,5-(F3C)2C6H3, C6F5 in ligand 5-position; β = 2,3,7,8 ligand substitution; abbreviated (β,ArL)H]. The electronic perturbations were probed using standard electronic absorption and electrochemical techniques on the different ligand variations and their divalent iron complexes. The free-ligand variations cause modest shifts in the electronic absorption maxima (λmax: 464–499 nm) and more pronounced shifts in the electrochemical redox potentials for one-electron proligand reductions (E1/2: −1.25 to −1.99 V) and oxidations (E1/2: +0.52 to +1.14 V vs [Cp2Fe]+/0). Installation of iron into the dipyrrinato scaffolds was effected via deprotonation of the proligands followed by t...
Increase in platelet count is not affected by the platelet yield of single donor pheresed platelets.

OBJECTIVES To determine if the rise in platelet count after transfusion in neonates is associated with platelet yield of the pheresed platelet unit. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study of infants in a level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit that received single donor platelets (SDP). Platelet rise in infants were compared between 3 groups: underproduction, destruction, and idiopathic. The main outcome variable studied was the rise in platelet count posttransfusion. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS The gestational age was 28+/-4.5 weeks. The platelet yield was 4.2+/-0.7 (x10(11)) and resultant platelet rise was 71+/-58.6x1000/mm3. Infants with platelet underproduction (n=30) had a greater rise compared with infants with platelet destruction (n=51) after transfusion (95.3+/-58 vs. 59.6+/-57.5x1000/mm3, P=0.01). After controlling for confounding variables, there was no correlation between the platelet yield and platelet rise, but the etiology of the thrombocytopenia remained associated with increased platelet rise. CONCLUSIONS There was no association between platelet yield of SDP and platelet rise. Infants with thrombocytopenia related to platelet underproduction had a greater rise in platelets after transfusion compared with those with platelet destruction, independent of yield or volume of the SDP transfusion.
Problems Expressed by Caregivers of Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine if use of a standardized classification system could help identify potential nursing sensitive problems for caregivers of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). METHOD. This study is a secondary analysis of data obtained from transcripts of public testimonies. Content analysis was conducted using a standardized classification system. The sample consisted of 376 statements from electronic transcripts of first person testimonies given by 48 caregivers of children with FASD in four states. FINDINGS. Forty-eight caregivers expressed a total of 53 signs and symptoms. The majority was in the problem areas: communication with community resources, caretaking/parenting, mental health, and income. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE. Using a nursing classification system, investigators were able to identify nursing sensitive problems expressed by caregivers of children with FASD. The information from this study can be used in future studies to confirm or revise the signs/symptoms identified in this study.
Prisons and Prisoners in Contemporary Spain

This study is a result of two research visits and tours of Spanish prisons in 1987 and 1989. As in previous articles, the authors address the question of what differences does it make on the criminal justice system when a country goes from a dictatorship to a democracy. Consequently, anecdotal and statistical evidence of prisons in the Franco era are offered. In addition, on-site visits of two modern prisons of the post-Franco period are discussed.
Dissipative transverse-field Ising model: Steady-state correlations and spin squeezing

We study the transverse-field Ising model with infinite-range coupling and spontaneous emission on every site. We find that there is spin squeezing in steady state due to the presence of the transverse field. This means that there is still entanglement, despite the decoherence from spontaneous emission. We analytically calculate fluctuations beyond mean-field theory using a phase-space approach, which involves converting the master equation into a Fokker-Planck equation for the Wigner function. Our calculations are relevant to current experiments with trapped ions.
The empirical estimation of the cost-minimizing jury size and voting rule in civil trials

Abstract Since the early 1970s, the literature examining the court system has placed much emphasis on the importance of the jury size and voting rule when analyzing the jury decision-making process. In addition, researchers have also used deductive reasoning to theoretically determine the cost-minimizing jury size and voting rule with regards to Type I and Type II errors. In this paper, we take this analysis one step further by empirically estimating the cost-minimizing jury size and voting rule in civil jury trials.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) drives constitutive production of glutamate decarboxylase in neural cell lines.

Many neurological disorders result directly or indirectly from the loss of inhibitory function. Engineering the production of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, may therefore be able at least partly to restore the lost inhibition seen in epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or Huntington's disease. In this article, we describe a set of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) that can deliver cDNAs encoding the GABA-producing enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), directly into neural cells. We have characterized these recombinant AAVs in several cell lines derived from the CNS. These recombinant AAVs effectively transduced all neural cell lines, although with different efficiencies. Transduction occurred in both proliferating and nonproliferating cells, but actively proliferating cell lines had approximately six times greater transduction efficiency than nonproliferating cells. Furthermore, these AAVs maintained long-term expression of GAD in an astrocytic cell line for at least seven passages. These recombinant AAVs are promising vehicles for investigating the potential therapeutic effects of GABA in animal models of epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases. J. Neurosci. Res. 57:137–148, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Vibrational overtones in organic thin films: a novel structural probe

With the enhanced sensitivity of Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy (PDS), vibrational overtone spectra have been obtained in organic thin films for the first time, covering the range from the near IR to the visible (0.4 - 2 eV). The absorption spectra of polycarbonate, for instance, exhibits C-H stretch modes for (Delta) n > 1 where n is the vibrational quantum level. Previous measurements were constrained to either long fibers, which pose the problem of various scattering losses not related to absorption, or to a restricted wavelength region in the visible accessible by dye laser sources. The unparalleled sensitivity of PDS allows precise determination of frequency, lineshape and intensity of the various modes, even for films approximately 10 (mu) /m thick over a broad energy range. The overtone spectra can be used as a probe of various basic molecular properties. In a manner similar to NMR spectroscopy, it is possible to study specific atomic bonds.
Distance in the space of energetically bounded Keplerian orbits

In this paper we derive an explicit, analytic formula for the geodesic distance between two points in the space of bounded Keplerian orbits in a particular topology. The specific topology we use is that of a cone passing through the direct product of two spheres. The two spheres constitute the configuration manifold for the space of bounded orbits of constant energy. We scale these spheres by a factor equal to the semi-major axis of the orbit, forming a linear cone. This five-dimensional manifold inherits a Riemannian metric, which is induced from the Euclidean metric on $${\mathbb{R}^6}$$ , the space in which it is embedded. We derive an explicit formula for the geodesic distance between any two points in this space, each point representing a physical, gravitationally bound Keplerian orbit. Finally we derive an expression for the Riemannian metric that we used in terms of classical orbital elements, which may be thought of as local coordinates on our configuration manifold.
25 Gb/s transmission over 820 m of MMF using a multimode launch from an integrated silicon photonics transceiver.

A new high bandwidth bend-insensitive MMF optimized for 1310 nm is designed and characterized. 25 Gb/s transmission over a record 820 m length using a multimode launch from an integrated SiPh transceiver at 1310 nm through the new fiber is demonstrated with a power penalty of 3.4 dB at 10−12 BER. Detailed characteristics of the fiber and transceiver are presented along with BER measurements.
In vitro phosphorylation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase: Analysis of 32P-labeled, inactivated enzyme☆

Abstract Rat liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase was inactivated with Mg 2+ and [γ- 32 P]ATP, then solubilized and purified to homogeneity. The 32 P radioactivity was precipitated by antibody to homogeneous rat liver reductase and comigrated with nonprecipitated, homogeneous reductase on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under nondenaturing conditions, 32 P radioactivity comigrated with reductase protein and activity on polyacrylamide gels. These results provide direct support for the concept that the enzyme is covalently phosphorylated during the in vitro incubation of microsomes with Mg 2+ and ATP.
Origin of the acidity enhancement of formic acid over methanol: Resonance versus inductive effects

Density functional theory calculations were employed to study the relative contribution of resonance versus inductive effects toward the 37 kcal/mol enhanced gas-phase acidity (ΔH°acid) of formic acid (1) over methanol (2). The gas-phase acidities of formic acid, methanol, vinyl alcohol (5), and their vinylogues (6, 8, and 9) were calculated at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level of theory. Additionally, acidities were calculated for the formic acid and vinyl alcohol vinylogues in which the formyl group and the vinyl group, respectively, were perpendicular to the rest of the conjugated system. Comparisons among these calculated acidities suggest that inductive effects are the predominant effects responsible for the enhanced acidity of formic acid over methanol, accounting for between roughly 62% and 65% of the total enhanced acidity; the remaining 38% to 35% of the acidity enhancement appears to be due to resonance effects. Further comparisons suggest that resonance effects are between roughly 58% and 65% of the 26 k...
A First Report of Photoemission in Experiments Related to Flash Sintering

A highly nonlinear increase in electrical conductivity and concomitant photoemission occurs not only during “flash sintering” but also in presintered, dense specimens. We report results from experiments with dense specimens that show a strong correspondence between the intensity of photoemission and electrical conductivity of specimens under a variety of conditions of the electrical parameters. It is proposed that both properties are related to the concentration of electron–hole pairs generated in such experiments.
Gravity waves could explain powerful thermospheric cooling

For the past few decades the upper reaches of Earth's atmosphere have been cooling much faster than researchers anticipated. While the rising atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is heating the air near the ground, that same increase is expected to cool the thermosphere—the atmospheric band that stretches from around 80 kilometers altitude to the exosphere at 500 kilometers—by emitting heat into space. However, while carbon dioxide should theoretically cool the thermosphere by around 2 kelvins per decade, the observed cooling was around 10 times this rate. Building on recent theoretical and modeling work, Oliver et al. lay out a mechanism that could explain the observed cooling.