cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increase in arterial stiffness measures after bariatric surgery.

Abstract Background and aims The relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness is complex, with a potential interaction by age (inverse association at younger age and positive at older age) and conflicting reports on the effect of lifestyle-based weight loss on arterial stiffness. Little is understood about post-bariatric surgery changes in arterial stiffness. This study aimed to examine post-bariatric surgery changes in arterial stiffness and identify factors associated with greater changes in arterial stiffness. Methods In 72 patients (mean age 44.5 years, 72.2% female), we evaluated two arterial stiffness measures, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV), one month prior to and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Another follow-up visit was conducted 12 months after bariatric surgery in a subset of 58 participants. Results Six months after bariatric surgery, an evident decrease was seen in body mass index, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure. In contrast, both CAVI and haPWV significantly increased at 6 months (+0.64 [0.42, 0.87] and +0.24 [0.04, 0.44] m/s, respectively). Among 58 patients with relevant data, CAVI and haPWV remained elevated 12 months after bariatric surgery (+0.80 [0.53, 1.07] and +0.40 [0.17, 0.62] m/s, respectively). Being non-diabetic and having larger decreases in post-surgery heart rate were independently associated with greater increases in post-surgical CAVI. Conclusions Arterial stiffness measures, CAVI and haPWV, were elevated after bariatric surgery despite other favorable cardiometabolic changes. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism and prognostic implications of this elevation in arterial stiffness measures after bariatric surgery.
Comparison between turbulent helical dynamo simulations and a non-linear three-scale theory

Progress toward understanding principles of nonlinear growth and saturation of large scale magnetic fields has emerged from comparison of theoretical models that incorporate the evolution of magnetic helicity with numerical simulations for problems that are more idealized than expected in astrophysical circumstances, but still fully non-linear. We carry out a new comparison of this sort for the magnetic field growth from forced isotropic helical turbulence in a periodic box. Previous comparisons between analytic theory and simulations of this problem have shown that a two-scale model compares well with the simulations in agreeing that the driver of large scale field growth is the difference between kinetic and current helicities associated with the small scale field, and that the backreaction that slows the growth of the large scale field as the small scale current helicity grows. However, the two-scale model artificially restricts the small scale current helicity to reside at the same scale as the driving kinetic helicity. In addition, previous comparisons have focused on the late time saturation regime, and less on the early-time growth regime. Here we address these issues by comparing a three scale model to new simulations for both early and late time growth regimes. We find that the minimalist extension to three scales provides a better model for the field evolution than the two-scale model because the simulations show that the small scale current helicity does not reside at the same scale as that of the driving kinetic helicity. The simulations also show that the peak of the small scale current helicity migrates toward lower wave numbers as the growth evolves from the fast to saturated growth regimes.
Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Total Suspended Matters (TSM) in the Yellow River Estuary

Total suspended matters (TSM) play a significant role in water quality assessment and resource management of coastal waters as it has a direct influence on many aquatic processes. This paper discovers dynamic spatial-temporal TSM patterns in coastal waters by using the self-organizing map (SOM), an unsupervised machine learning method on the 19 years Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m imagery data. The paper found that the SOM of 2 × 3 grid is suitable to the Yellow River estuary, which shows six different patterns from winter to summer. Characteristics and factors affect the variability of the identified TSM patterns were also discussed. This study also demonstrated a general approach to apply SOM to identify TSM patterns in coastal waters.
Ireland in Focus: Interdisciplinary Study Abroad and the Benefits of Collaboration

Beginning in 2015, New Mexico State University’s Office of Study Abroad, Faculty-Led International Program (FLIP) encouraged us to create a two-course/cross-disciplinary experience for students. Al...
Imaginative Medicine: Thinking Creatively about Poetry, Illness, and Pain

This essay examines poems from the books Via Corporis by Mexican poet Pura Lopez-Colome (1952-) and Harm by U.S. poet Hillary Gravendyk (1979-2014), which offer two different contemporary examples of lyric poetry’s engagement with pain and illness. In each case these poets demonstrate how pain as constructed in the lyric creates its own language, its own poetic corpus or relationship to the body, and distinct approaches to broader cultural contexts. In complementary ways these two poets use their imaginative voices to embody or give form to and create empathy for experiences of illness that, while to some degree universal, may often be side- stepped or considered unrepresentable. These poets’ work illustrates how poetic language can communicate beyond narrative, opening other avenues to express and understand pain. Gravendyk and Lopez Colome extract what happens in the physical realm and through the use of image, sound, perspective, word play, and figurative language, to construct enigmatic poems that surprise and perhaps challenge existing representations of illness and pain.
Creep and Time-dependent Response of Composites

The increasing prevalence of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) in civil infrastructure such as rebar, rehabilitation/strengthening, seismic retrofit, pipelines, beams, columns, walls and in some cases all-FRP structures such as bridges has required a better understanding of the durability of these materials when subjected to harsh changing environmental conditions. Durability is typically associated with the prediction of long-term properties of a material in order to assess the time-dependent performance of structures where a service life of 50 years or more is required. The time-dependent response of a material is generally associated with creep and relaxation. Creep is a time-dependent and permanent deformation of materials when subjected to an externally applied load over an extended period of time. This chapter will describe creep and the time-dependent response of polymer matrix composites. An overview of creep and stress relaxation in FRP composites is provided and followed by a description of methods and procedures used to predict the long-term response of composites including accelerated aging. The effects of temperature, moisture, physical aging, and creep-fatigue interaction on the time-dependent response of the composite are discussed. The chapter reviews the influence of creep on the time-dependent structural behavior of all composite structures, structures rehabilitated with externally bonded FRP composites, and FRP composites reinforced concrete beam structures. Finally, the chapter concludes with an assessment of future trends in characterizing creep behavior and the time-dependent response of composites in civil infrastructure applications.
The left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) ratio accurately predicts obstructive multivessel CAD on Siemens Biograph PET/CT Rb-82 myocardial imaging

152 Objectives Normal pharmacologic responses to dipyridamole infusion include increased heart rate, decreased systemic blood pressure and decreased LVESV with resultant increased left ventricular ejection fraction. Our hypothesis was that the LVESV ratio (LVESV measured during dipyridamole effect vs. prior to infusion at rest), was a more accurate method to identify patients with obstructive multivessel CAD vs. TID, decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), or increase in left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) ratio during dipyridamole infusion. Methods Patients who had undergone both PET/CT Rb-82 myocardial imaging and x-ray coronary arteriography were included. Exclusion criteria included prior revascularization. Patients were divided, based on the absence (Group I, n= 45) or presence of multivessel CAD (Group II, n= 56). One blinded observer [RLE] processed all images using 4DM PET software. Data were analyzed by the area under the curve receiver-operator characteristic curve [AUC-ROC]. Evaluation of perfusion images were excluded from this study. Conclusions The LVESV ratio(AUC 0.86 +/- 0.04) is an accurate method to identify obstructive multivessel CAD, independent of perfusion imaging and superior to measurement of TID, decrease in ejection fraction and increase in LVEDV ratio
Towards higher thermoelectric performance of Bi2Te3 via defect engineering

Abstract No thermoelectric material would have attained its best performance without defects. The electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity in their totality are manifestations of charge flow, phonon flow, and their interplay mediated by defects. We herein focus on the role of 0-D defects (dopants, vacancies, interstitials, and antisites), 1-D defects (dislocations), 2-D defects (grain boundaries), and 3-D defects (nanoinclusions) in a benchmark thermoelectric material Bi2Te3. The results give new insights into developing higher performance thermoelectric materials via defect engineering.
Regulación transcripcional y señalización en las células inmunes e inflamatorias: su importancia en la biología y en la enfermedad pulmonar

RESUMEN: Esta revision se propone analizar los recientes avances que se han llevado a cabo para comprender la regulacion de la expresion de las quimiocinas que se observa durante los procesos inflamatorios cronicos, como en el caso de las enfermedades alergicas. Nos centraremos en los datos actuales que sugieren que la regulacion postranscripcional desempena en la regulacion genica de las quimiocinas una funcion mas importante de lo que se habia creido anteriormente. A este respecto, se dispone cada vez de mas datos que indican que los mecanismos que controlan la estabilidad ARNm pueden ser importantes para determinar, o mantener, los niveles aumentados de la expresion genica de las quimiocinas en este contexto. Estas vias reguladoras pueden representar objetivos importantes de las nuevas estrategias antiinflamatorias. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 933-947.
Closed form analysis with Petri nets

The authors develop a symbolic computation technique to obtain closed form solutions for various performance measures of discrete event systems modeled as extended stochastic Petri nets or arbitrary stochastic Petri nets. The method for obtaining closed form solutions is based on the moment generating function based approach proposed by D.L. Guo et al. (1991). The symbolic math package Maple was used to obtain the closed form expressions and evaluate the performance measures. Some of the results obtained from this method are presented. >
Regulation of Extramuscular Fuel Sources During Exercise

The sections in this article are: 1 Fuel Requirements of the Working Muscle 1.1 Effect of Exercise Duration 1.2 Effect of Exercise Intensity 2 Exercise Responses of Hormones and Nerves Involved in Acute Metabolic Regulation 2.1 Insulin Response 2.2 Glucagon Response 2.3 Catecholamine Responses 3 Extramuscular Fuel Sources 4 NEFA Mobilization from Adipose Tissue 4.1 Basic Mechanisms that Influence NEFA Availability 4.2 Regulatory Factors 5 Hepatic Glucose Production 5.1 Exercise Response 5.2 Regulation by the Endocrine Pancreas 5.3 Role of Epinephrine 5.4 Role of Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Norepinephrine 5.5 Role of Cortisol 5.6 Regulation during High-Intensity Exercise 6 Hepatic Fat Metabolism: Oxidation and Triglyceride Synthesis 6.1 Regulation of Ketogenesis 6.2 Triglyceride Synthesis 7 Splanchnic Bed Amino Acid Metabolism 7.1 Protein Breakdown 7.2 Amino Acids as a Carbon Source for Gluconeogenesis and Oxidation 7.3 Uptake of Nitrogenous Compounds by the Splanchnic Bed 7.4 Fate of Nitrogenous Compounds in the Liver 8 Gastrointestinal Tract as a Source of Glucose: Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion 8.1 Importance 8.2 Determinants of the Metabolic Availability of Ingested Carbohydrates 8.3 Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Endogenous Substrates 9 Training-Induced Adaptations in Extramuscular Fuel Mobilization 9.1 Endocrine Adaptations to Physical Training 9.2 Adaptations of Extramuscular Fuel Sources to Physical Training 10 Summary
The olfactory receptor gene superfamily of the mouse.

Olfactory receptor (OR) genes are the largest gene superfamily in vertebrates. We have identified the mouse OR genes from the nearly complete Celera mouse genome by a comprehensive data mining strategy. We found 1,296 mouse OR genes (including ∼20% pseudogenes), which can be classified into 228 families. OR genes are distributed in 27 clusters on all mouse chromosomes except 12 and Y. One OR gene cluster matches a known locus mediating a specific anosmia, indicating the anosmia may be due directly to the loss of receptors. A large number of apparently functional 'fish-like' Class I OR genes in the mouse genome may have important roles in mammalian olfaction. Human ORs cover a similar 'receptor space' as the mouse ORs, suggesting that the human olfactory system has retained the ability to recognize a broad spectrum of chemicals even though humans have lost nearly two-thirds of the OR genes as compared to mice.
Molecular mechanisms of angiotensin II stimulation on aquaporin-2 expression and trafficking.

ANG II plays a major role in renal water and sodium regulation. In the immortalized mouse renal collecting duct principal cells (mpkCCDcl4) cell line, we treated cells with ANG II and examined aquaporin-2 (AQP2) protein expression, trafficking, and mRNA levels, by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR. After 24-h incubation, ANG II-induced AQP2 protein expression was observed at the concentration of 10−10 M and increased in a dose-dependent manner. ANG II (10−7 M) increased AQP2 protein expression and mRNA levels at 0.5, 1, 2, 6, and 24 h. Immunofluorescence studies showed that ANG II increased the apical membrane targeting of AQP2 from 30 min to 6 h. Next, the signaling pathways underlying the ANG II-induced AQP2 expression were investigated. The PKC inhibitor Ro 31–8220 (5 × 10−6 M) and the PKA inhibitor H89 (10−5 M) blocked ANG II-induced AQP2 expression, respectively. Calmodulin inhibitor W-7 markedly reduced ANG II- and/or dDAVP-stimulated AQP2 expression. ANG II (10−9 M) and/or dDAVP (10−10 M) stimulated AQP2 protein levels and cAMP accumulation, which was completely blocked by pretreatment with the vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) antagonist SR121463B (10−8 M). Pretreatment with the angiotensin AT1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist losartan (3 × 10−6 M) blocked ANG II (10−9 M)-stimulated AQP2 protein expression and cAMP accumulation, and partially blocked dDAVP (10−10 M)- and dDAVP+ANG II-induced AQP2 protein expression and cAMP accumulation. In conclusion, ANG II regulates AQP2 protein, trafficking, and gene expression in renal collecting duct principal cells. ANG II-induced AQP2 expression involves cAMP, PKC, PKA, and calmodulin signaling pathways via V2 and AT1 receptors.
The role of alcoholism and liver disease in the appearance of serum antibodies against acetaldehyde adducts

We recently presented preliminary data indicating the presence of antibodies against acetaldehyde adducts in sera of over 70% of alcoholic patients. To assess the respective roles of liver disease and alcohol consumption as well as the specificity of this immune response, 141 patients in various stages of alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases were tested by a hemagglutination assay. Sixty-three (73%) of 86 alcoholics had antibody titers above control levels (p less than 0.0001). Alcohol consumption of these individuals was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that of those alcoholics with normal titers. Twenty-two patients (39%) with nonalcoholic liver diseases also had elevated levels of antibodies against acetaldehyde adducts (p less than 0.0005); of these, 8 had primary biliary cirrhosis (7 in Stages III and IV), 9 had chronic active hepatitis (6 with cirrhosis) and 5 had acute (virus- or drug-induced) hepatitis. Antibody titers did not correlate with levels of transaminase or alkaline phosphatase activity, nor with bilirubin, and albumin. However, in 52 alcoholics and in nonalcoholic patients with biopsy-confirmed liver disease, the highest titers were seen in the more advanced stages of liver damage. Thus, in addition to alcohol consumption, severity of liver disease may play a role in the appearance of circulating antibodies against acetaldehyde adducts.
Profiling the humoral immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi infection with protein microarrays

To determine the cell envelope proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi recognized by immune sera of patients with late Lyme disease, we developed a Borrelia microarray containing proteins encoded by 90 cell envelope genes and their homologs described in the annotated genomic sequence of B. burgdorferi, strain B31. The protein microarray was used to profile the humoral immune response using sera from 13 patients with late Lyme disease and four normal controls. Although there was considerable heterogeneity in the individual sera responses, 25 of the cell envelope proteins were recognized by seven or more samples. Sera from non-infected individuals lacked reactivity against any of the proteins on the array. Among the most antigenic envelope proteins, BLAST search revealed little sequence homology to known microbial proteins from other species. The proteins that were highly seropositive included several members of the Erp gene families, BBA24 (decorin binding protein A (DbpA)) and members of the Borrelia gene family Pfam113 that code for the Mlp lipoprotein gene family. Several novel, uncharacterized B. burgdorferi antigens identified in this study were BBA14, BBG23, BB0108, BB0442 and BBQ03. The accurate diagnosis of Lyme disease depends on correlating objective clinical abnormalities with serological evidence of exposure to B. burgdorferi. A protein array of the envelope proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi may be very useful in specifically identifying patients with Lyme disease. This approach could contribute to a more rapid discovery of antigens not expressed in vitro that may be useful for the development of vaccine and diagnostics.
Root water uptake of field-growing plants indicated by measurements of natural-abundance deuterium

Measurements of stable-isotope ratios of water extracted from stems and, in some studies, soils are increasingly being used to study the integrated root function of field-growing plants. This study explored if additional measurements on water extracted from roots could indicate the activity of roots in different areas of the soil profile and their influence on canopy water sources, so providing advantages over more common sampling strategies. Studies were conducted on trees and shrubs located in diverse habitats: a saline, semi-arid floodplain, a subhumid mountain-range front and a cold desert. At each site, roots, soil immediately surrounding the roots, and plant stems were sampled. Roots were taken from different depths in the soil, to approximately 2 m at one site. Overall, 80% of roots sampled had H isotope ratios different from the surrounding soil. The differences up to 37‰, were significant (p<0.05) at two of the sites. Thus water in most of the roots sampled did not come entirely, if at all, from the surrounding soil, illustrating movement and possible mixing of water within the root system. This condition was not simply related to the availability of water surrounding the soil, which was also measured. There were also differences in root and stem H isotope ratios (up to 17‰) in 67% of samples, although the difference was only significant in shallow samples from the floodplain. The general similarity in stem and root δ2H values indicates that most roots sampled were involved in the main supply of water to the canopy. Patterns of root function varied between the individual sites. Trees were primarily using groundwater at the floodplain and mountain front sites, as the surface soils had mean matric potentials of-1800 kPa. At the mountain front site, the surface roots were transporting groundwater to the canopy in isolation form the surrounding soil. In contrast, surface roots at the floodplain were taking up water from the surrounding soil, although this water was not a significant source in the trees' overall water supply. This activity of surface roots would not have been evident from the δ2H data without the root samples. At the cold desert the roots in moist surface soil provided the main source of water for the shrubs. There too the root data indicated different water uptake patterns than otherwise would have been assumed. The root data showed that groundwater could not have been a water source, a conclusion which had been reached in a previous study. Thus measurements of stable isotope ratios in root water may be a valuable tool in assessing water uptake patterns and root function.
An emerging discipline [biotechnology]

Biotechnology for Biomedical Engineers is a subject that is near and dear to the author's heart. The author started research and teaching in biomedical engineering as early as 1962, thus feels one of the pioneers in this field. Also, the author became very interested, not too long after becoming involved with biomedical engineering, in bioprocess engineering. This presentation focuses more directly on engineering rather than science. The term biotechnology is generally associated with science, and the author believes that the United States is so focused on science that once again they might find their selves in the same situation with biotechnology, relative to other countries, as they find their selves today in electronics and automobiles. Somehow, the USA must recognize that process engineering is critical to the development of this industry to be effective in international competition for the manufacture of high molecular weight therapeutic proteins. It is the author's purpose to tie bioprocess engineering together with biomedical engineering. Since this is a biomedical engineering journal, it is the author's inclination to introduce to biomedical engineers, who are not familiar with bioprocess engineering, how these two subdisciplines are coming together. >
Quantitative metrics in clinical radiology reporting: a snapshot perspective from a single mixed academic-community practice.

Quantitative imaging has emerged as a leading priority on the imaging research agenda, yet clinical radiology has traditionally maintained a skeptical attitude toward numerical measurement in diagnostic interpretation. To gauge the extent to which quantitative reporting has been incorporated into routine clinical radiology practice, and to offer preliminary baseline data against which the evolution of quantitative imaging can be measured, we obtained all clinical computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports from two randomly selected weekdays in 2011 at a single mixed academic-community practice and evaluated those reports for the presence of quantitative descriptors. We found that 44% of all reports contained at least one “quantitative metric” (QM), defined as any numerical descriptor of a physical property other than quantity, but only 2% of reports contained an “advanced quantitative metric” (AQM), defined as a numerical parameter reporting on lesion function or composition, excluding simple size and distance measurements. Possible reasons for the slow translation of AQMs into routine clinical radiology reporting include perceptions that the primary clinical question may be qualitative in nature or that a qualitative answer may be sufficient; concern that quantitative approaches may obscure important qualitative information, may not be adequately validated, or may not allow sufficient expression of uncertainty; the feeling that “gestalt” interpretation may be superior to quantitative paradigms; and practical workflow limitations. We suggest that quantitative imaging techniques will evolve primarily as dedicated instruments for answering specific clinical questions requiring precise and standardized interpretation. Validation in real-world settings, ease of use, and reimbursement economics will all play a role in determining the rate of translation of AQMs into broad practice.
Analyzing Light Scattering from Aspherical Nuclei for Cell Biology and Clinical Applications

We discuss new models of light scattering by aspherical cell nuclei and relate them to studies of cell mechanics and early cancer detection based on angle-resolve low coherence interferometry, an inverse light scattering method.
Projective clustering and its application to surface reconstruction: extended abstract

We use projective clustering to design and implement a fast surface reconstruction algorithm for point clouds that also works well for sharp edges and corners. Our method relies on two new approximation algorithms developed and implemented for the first time, namely, fast projective clustering and parallel dynamic nearest neighbor searching based on shifted quad-trees. Also, our implementation is one of the first for this problem with any kind of guarantees (for a very restricted type of manifolds). Our algorithm is easy to parallelize and is external-memory friendly. Finally we provide a method for combining increasingly more complex fitters in a cascade which allows planar regions of the point cloud to be quickly processed while spending more time on high curvature areas including sharp features. In the domain of normal estimation, our method is faster and more accurate than previous systems on a large number of point clouds.
Mycobacterium haemophilum infections of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in research facilities

In May 2005, a disease outbreak was investigated at a zebrafish (Danio rerio) research facility experiencing severe losses. Mycobacterium haemophilum was isolated from these fish and the disease was subsequently recreated in experimentally infected zebrafish. Fish exhibited signs characteristic of mycobacteriosis, including granuloma formation and severe, diffuse, chronic inflammation. Bacteria were observed in multiple tissues, including the central nervous system. Biofilm samples from the outbreak facility were PCR positive for M. haemophilum, suggesting biofilms might act as a reservoir for infection. Zebrafish appear to be particularly vulnerable to M. haemophilum, and measures such as quarantine and treatment of incoming water should be implemented to minimize the likelihood of introduction of this bacterium to zebrafish research facilities. Zebrafish are already a well-established laboratory animal model for genetics, toxicology and disease, their susceptibility to M. haemophilum may make them useful for the study of this bacterium in the future.
Zoning Compliance Control Method Applied in Regional Planning of the Marine Environment Capacity Calculation

This paper uses control points quality compliance method to calculate the COD, inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate marine environment capacity of Luoyuan Bay. Control point quality compliance method to calculate the environmental capacity of the location of the emission of pollutants, the distribution density and control point location is closely related to its value with the changes in the number of outfall and sewage position changes and change. Conditions of existing sources of pollution distribution, COD, inorganic nitrogen (Din), active phosphate environment capacity (PO4-P) for 602207t/a2576 t/a724 t/a.
Anterior surgical approaches to the thoracic outlet

Objectives The anatomy of the thoracic outlet is complex, and the optimum surgical approach to pathologic disease at this location is controversial. Although the Dartevelle approach to the apex seems to be a safer and more direct approach, this technique has not been widely adopted in the United States. We have used this approach for pathologic disease at the thoracic outlet and modified it. Our experience is described in this article. Methods A retrospective review was performed on all patients who underwent an anterior approach between December 1997 and May 2003. Results There were 42 patients who underwent anterior approaches to pathologic disease at the level of the outlet. Diagnosis included apical non–small cell lung cancers (20 patients), osteosarcoma (2 patients), spinal cord compression (5 patients), solitary metastasis (4 patients), and benign lesions (11 patients). There were 22 female and 20 male patients with ages ranging from 26 to 82 years (mean age, 54.6 years). There were 25 complications in 14 patients and 1 in-hospital death. A transmanubrial approach was used in 14 patients, the standard Dartevelle technique was used in 8 patients, and a transclavicular approach with reapproximation of the clavicle was used in 20 patients. Reapproximation failed in 5 patients (3/3 patients who underwent fixation with mini-plates and 2/17 patients with sternal wires). Conclusions The anterior approach is a useful adjunct to a thoracic surgeon's armamentarium. When a transclavicular approach is optimal, division and reapproximation of the clavicle are feasible. In our experience, reapproximation with wires is superior to plates and screws.
The Point of Creative Frustration and the Creative Process: A New Look at an Old Model

An extension of Graham Wallas's model of the creative process is presented. Wallas's stages of preparation, Incubation, Illumination and Verification are reviewed, extended and integrated with the present model. Periods of Problem-Solving, Incubation and Growth are established with specific points of Initial Idea Inception, Creative Frustration and Illumination. The idea that a specific point of creative frustration occurring within the creative process is introduced. Responses to the Point of Creative Frustration are proposed: Denial, Rationalization, Acceptance of Stagnation and New Growth. The significance of the extended model is discussed.
Dimensions of adolescent drug-avoidant attitude

Attitudes toward drug and alcohol use and adolescent rates of substance use and abuse have consistently exhibited strong relationships. Yet, the authors maintain that the global construct of drug use attitude is amorphous and lacking in defined boundaries that allow for effective educational and treatment interventions. The purpose of the study was to examine the underlying dimensions of drug use attitudes that relate to substance use by adolescents. Six constitutive dimensions of drug use attitude were identified through factor analysis. These six dimensions are perceived peer attitude, alcohol-avoidant attitude, drug-avoidant attitude, performance attitude, image enhancement attitude, and perceived parental attitude. All six factors were found to correlate significantly with both drug experimentation and frequency of drug use. Two internally referenced factors (drug-and alcohol-avoidant attitudes) are discussed as outcomes of the attitude formation process. The four externally referenced attitude components (peer, parental, image enhancement, and performance attitudes) may influence the formation of internalized attitudes and suggest the need for interventions targeting peer and parental relations and youths' understanding and perception of how drug use impacts personal appearance and performance.
Sanitation and houseflies (Musca domestica): Factors for the transmission of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori is the world's commonest infection, but the modes of transmission are largely unknown. Under laboratory conditions, houseflies can carry viable H. pylori on their external surfaces and in their alimentary tracts. More recently, H. pylori DNA has been demonstrated in wild flies in the USA and in Poland, by polymerase chain reaction. Flies can acquire H. pylori from the environment and could therefore function as a significant reservoir and vector in the transmission of H. pylori .
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis associated with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a rare disorder characterized by tense bullae arranged annularly on the trunk and extremities. LABD is usually idiopathic or associated with medications, classically vancomycin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Rarely, LABD has been reported in association with lymphoproliferative disorders, sarcomas, and carcinomas of solid organs, although it is controversial whether this is a causative association.
Remembering George E. P. Box: (Some) Anecdotes and Examples of His Industrial Statistics Legacy

This article is a tribute to George Box, highlighting his contributions to the field of statistics.
Poly(ethylene glycol)s 2000–8000 in water may be planar: A small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) structure study

Abstract Poly(ethylene glycol)s of all molecular weights are highly soluble in water. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) data has been collected on buffered ionic D2O solutions of PEGs of nominal molecular weights 2000, 4000, and 8000 Da at a low concentration of 0.5% (w/v). The radii of gyration Rg vary as approximately Mw0.5, which is consistent with both a Gaussian chain and a flat plate. Numerous types of experiments indicate flaws in the interpretation as a Gaussian chain. When the alternative interpretation is used, the structures in these dilute solutions are found to have a constant area stoichiometry of 1:1 water:–CH2CH2O– and are consistent with the data when monomeric molecules are plates of packed chains one chain thick.
THE INFLUENCE OF IONIC STRENGTH AND POLYCATIONS ON THE OXIDATION OF FERROCYTOCHROME C BY CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE.

Abstract 1. 1. The rate of oxidation of soluble ferrocytochrome c by particulate or purified cytochrome c oxidase (cytochrome c : O 2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1) is very sensitive to changes in the ionic strength of the reaction mixture. When measured in phosphate buffers of constant I , the reaction shows no optimum in the pH range 5.8 to 7.7. 2. 2. The addition of AlCl 3 or SnCl 4 to the reaction mixture used by Wainio et al. decreases the pH to values below 4. Cytochrome c shows autoxidizability at this acidity. 3. 3. Partially acetylated cytochrome c shows absorption spectra identical with those of native cyctochrome c , both at room temperature and at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The acetylated cytochrome c can be readily reduced with hydrogen in the presence of palladium and is not autoxidizable. The acetylated ferrocytochrome c is not oxidized by cytochrome c oxidase, but the acetylated pigment is just as effective as native cytochrome c in decreasing the rate constant for the oxidase reaction. 4. 4. Poly- l -lysine is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome c oxidase reaction. However, a number of basic amino acids and dipeptides are not inhibitory in greater concentrations (either on a molar basis or on the basis of free amino groups). 5. 5. Wheat germ cytochrome c shows identical properties to mammalian cytochrome c in the cytochrome c oxidase reaction. 6. 6. The data give indications of the requirements for a charged site plus an ancillary group in the reaction of cytochrome c oxidase with soluble cytochrome c .
Numerical study of the effect of heat losses on self-propagating reactions in multilayer foils

Current models of self-propagating reactions in multilayer foils have been successful in predicting the velocity and structure of reaction fronts, as well as their variation with individual layer thickness and premixing in the as-deposited state. Depending upon the parameter regime, the propagation of the reaction front has been shown to occur either in a steady manner or in an oscillatory manner. So far, however, existing models have ignored the effect of heat losses on the reaction. In this study, the effect of radiative and conductive heat losses on the propagation of reaction fronts in multilayers is investigated numerically. Heat losses are shown to decrease the flame speed and the magnitude of the oscillations, and to increase the period of the oscillations. In the parameter range considered, radiative heat losses have a much smaller effect on reaction propagation than conductive heat losses.
Log-linear models for correlated marginal totals of a contingency table

The marginal totals of a contingency table can be rearranged to form a new table. If at least twoof these totals include the same cell of the original table, the new table cannot be treated as anordinary contingency table. An iterative method is proposed to calculate maximum likelihood estimators for the expected cell frequencies of the original table under the assumption that some marginal totals (or more generally, some linear functions) of these expected frequencies satisfy a log-linear model.In some cases, a table of correlated marginal totals is treated as if it was an ordinary contingency table. The effects of ignoring the special structure of the marginal table on thedistributionof the goodness-of-fit test statistics are discussed and illustrated, with special reference to stationary Markov chains.
Higgs boson production in semi-leptonic K and π decays

Abstract We consider light Higgs boson production in semi-leptonic K and π decays; K± → Hμ±ν and π± → He±ν. The standard model backgrounds from K± → μ±μ+μ−ν and π± → e±e+e−ν are also discussed. For mH ⩽ 300 MeV, the branching ratios for K± → Hμ±ν and K± → μ±μ+μ−ν are around 10−9, while for mH ⩽ 100 MeV, the branching ratios for π± → He±ν and π± → e±e+e−ν are of O(10−10).
Staying on versus going off a diet: Effects on eating in normal weight and overweight individuals

Past studies on the behavioral effects of dieting in overweight individuals have produced conflicting results. Overweight restrained eaters and self-initiated dieters have eaten little whether preloaded or not, whereas overweight individuals who have lost weight in weight reduction programs have eaten a lot whether preloaded or not. The present study examined the effects of requiring overweight self-initiated dieters to stay on or “go off” their diets for 2 days. A control group of normal weight self-initiated dieters was subjected to the same dieting manipulation. All subjects then participated in an ostensible ice cream taste test. Overweight subjects who stayed on their diets ate almost twice as much as overweight subjects who went off their diets; the intake of normal weight subjects was unaffected by the dieting manipulation. A cognitive explanation was developed to account for the findings of the present study along with those of past studies on self-initiated and weight-loss dieting. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A double porosity model for acoustic wave propagation in fractured-porous rock

Abstract The propagation of acoustic waves in a fluid-saturated porous medium containing a continuously distributed system of fractures is discussed. The porous medium is assumed to consist of two degrees of porosity and the resulting model thus yields three types of longitudinal waves, one associated with the elastic properties of the matrix material and one each for the fluids in the pore space and the fracture space. Two approaches are considered: one based on Biot's approach utilizing the “viscodynamic operator” and one based on Aifantis' “multiporosity theory”.
Structural basis for selective activation of ABA receptors

Changing environmental conditions and lessening fresh water supplies have sparked intense interest in understanding and manipulating abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, which controls adaptive responses to drought and other abiotic stressors. We recently discovered a selective ABA agonist, pyrabactin, and used it to discover its primary target PYR1, the founding member of the PYR/PYL family of soluble ABA receptors. To understand pyrabactin's selectivity, we have taken a combined structural, chemical and genetic approach. We show that subtle differences between receptor binding pockets control ligand orientation between productive and nonproductive modes. Nonproductive binding occurs without gate closure and prevents receptor activation. Observations in solution show that these orientations are in rapid equilibrium that can be shifted by mutations to control maximal agonist activity. Our results provide a robust framework for the design of new agonists and reveal a new mechanism for agonist selectivity.
Glucocorticoid stimulation interacts with sympathetic innervation to affect cardiac development in oculo.

The effects of chronic glucocorticoid stimulation and sympathetic innervation on myocardium developing in the absence of hemodynamic load were tested by grafting embryonic rat hearts into the anterior eye chamber (in oculo) of adult host rats. Myocardial grafts in control rats with normal hormonal milieu were compared with grafts in rats with chronic glucocorticoid stimulation (dexamethasone 40 μg/d) or glucocorticoid receptor type II blockade (RU 38486, 330 μg/d). Unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy of one eye chamber prevented sympathetic innervation to one graft in each host. Two indices of growth, graft size (projected area) and terminal graft weight, were obtained. Dexamethasone treatment increased both size and weight of sympathetically innervated grafts, whereas RU486 treatment significantly decreased graft weight. Conversely, dexamethasone treatment decreased graft size in denervated eye chambers, whereas RU486 treatment had no effect. No differences in graft beating rate were observed among conditions. Sympathetic innervation modulated the effect of glucocorticoids on developing myocardium, suggesting that growth of sympathetically innervated myocardium is enhanced with glucocorticoid exposure, but growth of noninnervated myocardium (e.g. fetal heart) may be compromised by excessive glucocorticoid exposure.
Inclusion and Exclusion in HIV Support Groups

Abstract The central question of this study was as follows: “Is it beneficial or deleterious to group cohesion and subsequent group process to have members who differ in their place along the HIV spectrum?” It was found that while group development occurred within the expected framework as outlined by Schutz (1958) and Yalom (1985), inclusion issues specifically around HIV figured strongly into the entire beginning group process. It appeared that factors of HIV / AIDS status and length of time knowing that status were key to understanding inclusion and exclusion issues and perhaps in determining which members continued in the group and which left.
Measurement of the oxygen content in high-T c superconductors: Enhanced resonant ion-scattering analysis

A simple and accurate method is demonstrated to measure oxygen concentrations in thin films of ${R}_{1}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (1:2:3 phase, where $R$ stands for the rare-earth element) by ion-beam analysis. Enhanced ion-scattering cross sections for 2.5-MeV protons and 8.7-MeV alpha particles, with depth resolutions of 200 and 50 nm, respectively, have been used to determine the oxygen content of laterally uniform thin-film and bulk superconductors. Both the H and He ion-beam analysis techniques are demonstrated to have the needed accuracy ($\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\delta}=0.3$) to ensure the proper composition for high-temperature superconductors in the 1:2:3 phase. These two techniques are based on enhanced ion-scattering cross section ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$) for which the ratios of $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ to the Rutherford cross sections are 5 for 2.5-MeV protons, and 22 for 8.7-MeV alpha particles.
Hemianopic visual field defects in children with intracranial shunts: report of two cases.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE : Intracranial shunts are commonly placed in children and frequently require replacement during the child's growing years. Severe signs of increased intracranial pressure often are the first indication of shunt displacement and malfunction. Subtle neuro-ophthalmic signs in children are usually overlooked. CLINICAL PRESENTATION : Two cases are described in which homonymous hemianopsia resulted from unsuspected movement of the shunt catheter in growing children. In one male patient, the catheter tip impaled the optic tract, and in the other male patient the shunt became embedded in the midbrain tegmentum and shunt failure led to compression of the posterior cerebral artery. INTERVENTION : In the presence of optic atrophy, papilledema may go unnoticed without serial examinations. This stresses the importance of detecting other early warning signs of shunt displacement and increased intracranial pressure, including visual field changes and subtle abnormalities of motility. CONCLUSION : Because early diagnosis and shunt revision may allow visual recovery, children with shunts should be followed with visual fields and serial disc photographs.
Modernity and the Fate of Utopian Representation in Wordsworth’s “Female Vagrant”

The fate of utopian thought in modernity is paradoxical. On the one hand, the utopian horizon of the future opens up in an unprecedented way in the late eighteenth century. On the other hand, there is a widespread suspicion of concrete utopian representation. Even those who take utopian writing seriously, whose own projects are in some way utopian, like Fredric Jameson in his recent Archaeologies of the Future, prize abstract utopian form over determinate utopian content. Contemporary critical theory is characterized by a “utopianism without utopia” and this attitude, I argue, has its genesis in forms of representation and critique developed in the Romantic period. By examining four different utopian spaces explored in Wordsworth’s “Female Vagrant,” I show that the poem functions as an allegory of the fate of utopian representation in modernity, both exposing the tragic insufficiencies of abstract utopianism and offering its own exemplary experiment in concrete utopian representation.
Survival of the Nematode-Antagonistic Fungus Verticillium Lecanii in Alginate Prills1,2)

Strains of the fungus Verticillium lecanii have been incorporated into alginate prills and studied as potential management agents for plant-parasitic nematodes. Since long-term storage is essential in material intended for field applications, the viabilities of two V. lecanii strains in prill formulations were recorded after storage in the freezer (-15°C), refrigerator (4°C), ambient room conditions (ca. 25°C), and glasshouse (15-43°C). In a wheat bran formulation, both strains generally grew from 90%-100% of prills storcd in the refrigerator for up to 43-45 months (although one batch of the mutant strain lost viability by 12 months). Viability at -15°C did not always remain as high as when prills were stored at 4°C. Viability of both strains was 0% within 2 years at ambient room conditions and within 7 months in the glasshouse. Similar results were obtained with the mutant strain in a pyrophyllite formulation. One batch of wheat bran prills made with the mutant strain plus soybean cyst nematode sex pheromone (vanillic acid) was also tested. Fungus viability was 0% after 25 months (freezer, refrigerator), 4 months (ambient room conditions), and 1 month (glasshouse). Fungus in prills made with the pheromone analogue syringic acid had a similar longevity to fungus in prills without added pheromone.