cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defensive Strategies for Autonomous Decentralized Lightweight Swarms

The SHARKS protocol enables agents to circle a two-dimensional target or ensphere a three-dimensional target through two simple distributed algorithms that ensure that the drones are equally dispersed from each other and maintain a specified distance from a target. An attack vector was identified in previous work that corrals agents and inhibits the swarms ability to create a perimeter. This research focuses on overcoming this attack without adding extensive overhead to the drones. Three basic techniques are proposed where the legitimate agents eject from their ideal circle around the target. By breaking out of this formation and quickly returning, the agents are able to bypass the adversarial nodes. The results were measured using a security metric based on the total disruption of the adversaries. These experiments showed that the total disruption across the swarm could be less than five percent using ejection strategies that set the ejection distance or the likelihood of ejecting based on the distance between the agents.
Gliomatosis cerebri: Management and survival in the United States (P1.6-005)

Objective: We describe the management of gliomatosis cerebri (GC) and provide clinical basis of aggressive behavior in gliomas. Background: Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is an extensive growth pattern involving three contiguous lobes. Design/Methods: We analyzed the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2004–2014. We compared clinical and survival patterns of GC to histologically confirmed grade III diffuse gliomas (high-grade gliomas, HGG). Results: 397 GC cases were identified and compared to 18,647 HGG. The median age of GC patients was 63 years, significantly older compared to HGG (50 years, p Conclusions: Survival was significantly lower in GC compared to other HGG. Treatment for GC is based on radiation and chemotherapy. Over 35% of GC patients did not receive any form of treatment, which was significantly higher compared to HGG, and remains an undertreated disease. Further understanding of the biological aspects associated with this growth pattern is warranted. Disclosure: Dr. Garcia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Slone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Villano has nothing to disclose.
Frame Analysis of Plea Bargaining

Structural aspects of plea bargaining will later be examined from a conversational analysis perspective. As a prelude, a problem with this perspective must be noted. Within conversational analysis research there is a focal concern with structures of talk that are invariant to particular settings of interaction, while little analytic attention is given to those settings per se.
Reliable and accurate characterization of frequency dependent electrical material properites

In today's high speed digital circuit design, some high data rate signal paths require interconnect simulations up to 100 GHz. One of the major challenges for these simulations is generating reliable and accurate frequency dependent material models for dielectric constant (dk) and loss tangent (df). This paper will present a metrology for measurement of typical interconnect materials using cavity resonators including a method to capture all measurement variations. Once a precise metrology is established, the paper will then use the collected data to provide additional insight into popular modeling methods used to extrapolate data beyond measurement frequency. For the type of materials measured, specific recommendations will be made on the modeling parameters to have the most accurate high-frequency models for typical package substrate materials.
Recognition principle for generalized Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces

We give a homotopy theoretical characterization of generalized Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces which resembles the Γ-space structure used by Segal to describe infinite loop spaces.
Sufficient conditions for zero-one laws

We generalize a result of Bateman and Erdos concerning partitions, thereby answering a question of Compton. From this result it follows that if K is a class of finite relational structures that is closed under the formation of disjoint unions and the extraction of components, and if it has the property that the number of indecomposables of size n is bounded above by a polynomial in n, then K has a monadic second order 0-1 law. Moreover, we show that if a class of finite structures with the unique factorization property is closed under the formation of direct products and the extraction of indecomposable factors, and if it has the property that the number of indecomposables of size at most n is bounded above by a polynomial in log n, then this class has a first order 0-1 law. These results cover all known natural examples of classes of structures that have been proved to have a logical 0-1 law by Compton's method of analyzing generating functions.
Plasmid rescue: recovery of flanking genomic sequences from transgenic transposon insertion sites

The transgenic RescueMu lines were designed for and successfully used in our maize gene discovery project. The pBluescript-containing RescueMu transposon can be readily recovered by a procedure called plasmid rescue. Plasmid rescue is a technique for recovering bacterial plasmids from transgenic eukaryotic genomic DNA. Total maize DNA was first digested with restriction enzyme(s), ligated, and then transformed into E. coli cells. Colonies were recovered under selection against the antibiotic marker(s) in the transgene vector. Ampicillin or carbenicillin was used for RescueMu transgene recovery. The flanking genomic sequences at RescueMu insertion sites were simultaneously captured and then sequenced using RescueMu-readout primers. Genomic DNA from an individual plant or from pooled samples of up to approximately 50 plants could be used in a single rescue. Because the majority of transgenic constructs currently used in flowering plants were made in the form of plasmids, this protocol could therefore be adapted by and useful to researchers involved in other transgenic work and be versatile for characterizing transgene loci.
Rayleigh scattering of whispering gallery modes of microspheres due to a single dipole scatterer

An exact solution for the problem of interaction between whispering gallery modes of spherical microresonators and a single dipole is presented. It is predicted that experimentally observed spectral doublets associated with this interaction are a part of a triplet whose third component has yet to be observed. It is also shown that the interaction between the dipole and nonresonant whispering gallery modes results in a renormalization of the dipole's polarizability and experimental manifestations of this effect are discussed.
Stabilized Alkaline Fe ( VI ) Charge Transfer The Zirconia Coating Stabilized Superiron Alkaline Cathode

Superiron cathodes, consisting of unusual Fe(VI) particles, are substantially stabilized with a low-level zirconia coating, which improves the experimental energy storage capacity of alkaline superiron batteries. Fe(VI) cathodes sustain three-electron alkaline reduction at a single, energetic [0.60 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)] potential. Superiron cathode salts such as K 2 FeO 4 and Cs 2 FeO 4 are stable in the solid state but tend to be passivated in alkaline electrolyte due to the formation of an Fe(III) overlayer. A zirconia coating is derived from ZrCl 4 through an organic medium by the conversion of ZrCl 4 to ZrO 2 . The zirconia coating shuttles hydroxide through to the interior cathode material, sustains a high rate of alkaline cathode charge transfer in the redox reduction of Fe(VI) to Fe(III) redox reduction, and inhibits Fe(III) passivation. The zirconia coating effectively enhances the stability of these superiron cathodes. However, for an Fe(VI) salt, which is not stable in the solid state, such as BaFeO 2 , an applied zirconia coating is not observed to stabilize alkaline cathodic charge transfer. Small particle and solid KOH and AgO additives each are observed to improve Fe(VI) cathodic charge transfer and enhance accessible Fe(VI) gravimetric capacity.
Pollution source direction identification: embedding dispersion models to solve an inverse problem

We develop a Bayesian method for identifying pollution source directions that combines deterministic and stochastic models. We frame the source direction identification as an inverse problem, embedding the deterministic dispersion model American Meteorological Society/United States Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) directly into the likelihood function. AERMOD's fast computation time allows us to run the model at each iteration of the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), thereby creating a simulated likelihood function and obviating the need for an emulator. The method is flexible enough to identify multiple source directions for cases in which a species or source type of interest is emitted at more than one location, and reversible jump MCMC is used to evaluate the appropriate number of sources. Source direction identification is an important part of the pollution source apportionment problem, which entails identifying and describing pollution sources and their contributions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and design of zero-voltage-switching class-E converter

In this paper, a new class-E DC-to-DC converter with half-wave controlled current rectifier is proposed. This is a high order multiple resonant converter whose circuit modes of operation have different resonant frequencies. The basic converter operation, detailed steady state analysis, steady state control characteristics and the peak values of inductance current and capacitance voltage are given. Based on the derived control characteristic curves, a design example along with a design procedure is demonstrated. The results are verified by PSPICE simulation. It is shown that this topology retains all the advantages of the conventional class-E converter and still provides zero-voltage-switching and results in low component stress values.
Modes of Religiosity: A Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission

Modes of Religiosity:. Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission. Harvey Whitehouse. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004. 208 pp.
On the Foundations of the Drucker Vision

This is the first of two essays on the influences of Peter Drucker’s exposure to proponents of the Austrian School of economics on his writing and philosophical views. In this essay, I review the major influences that appear to have shaped much of his thinking, focusing mainly on post-World War I European history and the development of the Austrian School. In the second essay, “The Drucker Vision: Corporations, Managers, Markets, and Innovation,” I review Drucker’s writing with the objective of tracing the how his views have been shaped by these influences. I focus, in particular on Drucker’s views of classical economics, the profit motive, corporate purpose, the value imperative, corporate social responsibility, managerial ethics, corporate purpose, innovation, pension funds, and the market for corporate control. The over-arching objective of both essays is to provide clearer interpretation of the meaning of some of Drucker’s most important and frequently misunderstood contributions.
Ignatius Sancho's LETTERS OF THE LATE IGNATIUS SANCHO, AN AFRICAN

Born aboard a slave ship in 1729, Ignatius Sancho knew nothing of Africa. At age two Sancho was taken to England, where he would befriend John, the second duke of Montagu. Montagu introduced Sancho...
Supply chain design and optimization: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract Optimal supply chain design is vital to the success of industrial concerns now more than ever before. This paper reviews some principal research opportunities and challenges in the field of supply chain design. The growing area of enterprise-wide optimization and the increasing importance of energy and sustainability issues provide plentiful opportunities for supply chain design research. However, modeling, algorithmic, and computational challenges arise from these research opportunities. There are three major technical challenge areas where knowledge gaps can be addressed in supply chain design, namely multi-scale challenges, multi-objective and sustainability challenges, and multi-player challenges. This paper provides an overview of opportunity areas, a description of relevant technical challenges, and a perspective on how these challenges might be addressed in supply chain design. Illustrative examples are presented to illuminate avenues for future research.
Orienting response and discrimination conditioning.

Abstract The effects of habituation or no habituation trials, alternating and random pattern of CS+ and CS− presentations, and constant and variable intertrial intervals were observed on both rate and amount of discrimination conditioning of both first and second interval galvanic skin responses in 96 students. Red and green lights of 0.5 sec duration served as CSs. Unconditioned stimulus was a 0.5 sec shock. CS-UCS interval was 5.0 sec. Both variation in orienting response magnitude and discrimination conditioning were demonstrated. However, experimentally induced variation in orienting response magnitude did not interact with either rate or amount of discrimination conditioning. CS habituation trials decreased magnitude of responding nondifferentially to both CS+ and CS− over early acquisition trials when compared with magnitude of responding of the group not receiving CS habituation trials. Similarly, the constant ITI group gave smaller responses to both CS+ and CS− than did the variable ITI group. No differences in magnitude of response between alternating and random stimulus presentation groups were found.
Pyroelectric and dielectric properties of ceramics

Ferroelectric oxide ceramics have been investigated as possible alternatives to highly sensitive triglycine sulfate (TGS) crystals for their use in room temperature infrared detectors. In this paper dielectric and pyroelectric properties of some ceramics based on modified lead titanate and others are presented. The figures-of-merit of these ceramics calculated using the measured dielectric and pyroelectric data are presented. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the principal ceramic systems are also compared with existing materials reported in the literature.
Determination of putrescine and cadaverine in seafood (finfish and shellfish) by liquid chromatography using pyrene excimer fluorescence

A liquid chromatography (LC) method is described for the easy determination of the biogenic diamines putrescine (PUT) and cadaverine (CAD) in canned tuna, frozen tuna loin, fresh mahimahi fillet, frozen raw shrimp, cooked lump crabmeat, and fresh and cold-smoked salmon. The method is also a useful screen for histamine (HTA). The method involves homogenization of fish tissue, extraction of biogenic amines into borate-trichloroacetic acid solution, centrifugation, and derivatization of supernatant with 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester. The derivatized diamine species allow for the intramolecular excimer fluorescence of the pyrene moiety at a higher emission wavelength than is possible for the endogenous tissue monoamines, thus providing visual specificity of detection. All seafood species were fortified with 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 μg/g (ppm) of PUT and CAD. Determination was based on standard graphs for PUT and CAD using peak areas with standard solutions equivalent to 0.375, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 ppm in tissue. A set of five matrix controls (unfortified seafood tissue) were also analyzed; endogenous PUT was found in all samples except the canned tuna, and CAD found only in the shrimp, crab, and cold-smoked salmon. The background amines were thus subtracted prior to determining spike recovery. The intra-assay average recoveries ranged from 71 to 94% across species and spike levels.
Metric-induced optimal embedding for intrinsic 3D shape analysis

For various 3D shape analysis tasks, the Laplace-Beltrami(LB) embedding has become increasingly popular as it enables the efficient comparison of shapes based on intrinsic geometry. One fundamental difficulty in using the LB embedding, however, is the ambiguity in the eigen-system, and it is conventionally only handled in a heuristic way. In this work, we propose a novel and intrinsic metric, the spectral l2-distance, to overcome this difficulty. We prove mathematically that this new distance satisfies the conditions of a rigorous metric. Using the resulting optimal embedding determined by the spectral l2-distance, we can perform both local and global shape analysis intrinsically in the embedding space. We demonstrate this by developing a template matching approach in the optimal embedding space to solve the challenging problem of identifying major sulci on vervet cortical surfaces. In our experiments, we validate the robustness of our method by the successful identification of major sulcal lines on a large data set of 698 cortical surfaces and illustrate its potential in brain mapping studies.
Secure and Durable (SEDURA): An Integrated Encryption and Wear-leveling Framework for PCM-based Main Memory

Phase changing memory (PCM) is considered a promising candidate for next-generation main-memory. Despite its advantages of lower power and high density, PCM faces critical security challenges due to its non-volatility: data are still accessible by the attacker even if the device is detached from a power supply. While encryption has been widely adopted as the solution to protect data, it not only creates additional performance and energy overhead during data encryption/decryption, but also hurts PCM lifetime by introducing more writes to PCM cells.In this paper, we propose a framework that integrates encryption and wear-leveling so as to mitigate the adverse impact of encryption on PCM performance and lifetime. Moreover, by randomizing the address space during wear-leveling, an extra level of protection is provided to the data in memory. We propose two algorithms that respectively prioritize data security and memory lifetime, allowing designers to trade-off between these two factors based on their needs. Compared to previous encryption techniques, the proposed SEDURA framework is able to deliver both more randomness to protect data and more balanced PCM writes, thus effectively balancing the three aspects of data security, application performance, and device lifetime.
Ultrastructure of sporodochium and conidium development in the anamorphic fungus Epicoccum nigrum

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine sporodochium and conidium development in Epicoccum nigrum Link. Each sporodochium, a slightly raised mass of hyphae consisting of a pseudoparenchymous stroma covered with muriform conidia, arose from a group of loosely packed hyphae that formed on the agar surface. Conidiophores developed from the surface of the stroma. Each possessed a two-layered wall consisting of an inner electron transparent layer and an outer electron dense layer. Most conidiophores consisted of only two cells, the apical of which became swollen and gave rise to a solitary conidium initial in a holoblastic fashion. This initial enlarged and became divided into a smaller basal cell and a larger apical cell by a transverse septum. While the basal cell did not divide further, the apical cell became divided into numerous cells as the result of the formation of longitudinal and transverse septa. As a conidium matured the electron transparent inner layer of its wall thicke...
A unified mixed effects model for gene set analysis of time course microarray experiments.

Methods for gene set analysis test for coordinated changes of a group of genes involved in the same biological process or molecular pathway. Higher statistical power is gained for gene set analysis by combining weak signals from a number of individual genes in each group. Although many gene set analysis methods have been proposed for microarray experiments with two groups, few can be applied to time course experiments. We propose a unified statistical model for analyzing time course experiments at the gene set level using random coefficient models, which fall into the more general class of mixed effects models. These models include a systematic component that models the mean trajectory for the group of genes, and a random component (the random coefficients) that models how each gene's trajectory varies about the mean trajectory. We show that the proposed model (1) outperforms currently available methods at discriminating gene sets differentially changed over time from null gene sets; (2) provides more stable results that are less affected by sampling variations; (3) models dependency among genes adequately and preserves type I error rate; and (4) allows for gene ranking based on predicted values of the random effects. We describe simulation studies using gene expression data with “real life” correlations and we demonstrate the proposed random coefficient model using a mouse colon development time course dataset. The agreement between results of the proposed random coefficient model and the previous reports for this proof-of-concept trial further validates this methodology, which provides a unified statistical model for systems analysis of microarray experiments with complex experimental designs when re-sampling based methods are difficult to apply.
Effect of naltrexone during extinction of alcohol-reinforced responding and during repeated cue-conditioned reinstatement sessions in a cue exposure style treatment

The ability of alcohol-related cues to promote craving can be attenuated independently by giving the opioid antagonist naltrexone (NTX) or by subjecting alcohol-dependent patients to a cue exposure treatment. The effects of cue exposure treatment may be enhanced if conducted in the presence of NTX. The purpose of these experiments was to determine if NTX given during extinction of responding for alcohol in rats would alter cue-conditioned reinstatement of responding and to determine if NTX, paired with repeated cue-conditioned reinstatement, would reduce subsequent cue-conditioned reinstatement or reacquisition of self-administration in the absence of NTX. Rats lever pressed for alcohol in the presence of an olfactory cue. Visual and auditory stimuli were presented during alcohol delivery. In the first experiment, rats were injected with saline or 3 mg/kg NTX prior to extinction sessions followed by cue-conditioned reinstatement tests. In the second experiment, extinction was followed by cue-conditioned reinstatement sessions presented twice per week. The rats received saline or NTX (3 and 10 mg/kg) prior to several sessions. All rats received reinstatement tests with and without a pretreatment of NTX followed by reacquisition of alcohol self-administration. NTX had no effect on responding during extinction or on subsequent cue-conditioned reinstatement. Only 10 mg/kg NTX reduced responding during the twice weekly reinstatement sessions. The twice weekly NTX treatment had no effect on subsequent cue-conditioned reinstatement in the absence of NTX. Reacquisition of responding for alcohol was reduced in the group receiving saline during repeated reinstatement sessions, whereas this effect was blocked in the NTX group. These findings support the notion that NTX given during a brief abstinence period (i.e., extinction) has minimal effects on future sensitivity to alcohol cues and alcohol consumption. NTX given during the repeated alcohol cue exposure does not alter the subsequent incentive value of alcohol cues in the absence of NTX or enhance the beneficial effects of cue exposure treatment.
Solid-state characterization of an NR2B selective N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist polymorphs.

Abstract (−)-6-{2-[4-(3-Fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl}-3,4-dihydro-quinolin-2(1H)-one (compound A) is an NR2B selective N -methyl d -aspartate (NMDA) antagonist that has shown at least two polymorphs, forms I and II. In this report, we prepared two polymorphs, forms I and II and their crystal forms were identified and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and variable temperature powder X-ray diffractometry (VT-PXRD). The results of DSC and VT-PXRD suggested that compound A has at least three polymorphic forms: I, II and a new form III, and that forms II and III showed an enantiotropic relationship. We also performed single crystal X-ray analyses of specific conditions based on the results of VT-PXRD. The unit cell dimensions in crystallographic parameter and molecular arrangements of form I were quite different from forms II and III. Whereas, the crystal structures of forms II and III were similar with the exception of the C58–C59–C61–C62 torsion angle.
Metastatic Solid-pseudopapillary Tumour of the Pancreas: Clinico-biological Correlates and Management

Solid-pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm of young women, currently categorised in the World Health Organization classification under exocrine pancreatic tumours. Increased awareness of this condition correlated recently with an apparent rise in incidence as well as recognition of more aggressive clinical courses. We describe two patients with solid-pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas. A smaller, localised tumour in an unusually young white man was surgically excised with no evidence of recurrence after 2 years. The other case also had an uncommon presentation, with an aggressive course resulting in vascular encasement of the superior mesenteric bundle and aorta, and local involvement of the mesenteric lymph nodes. A literature review was carried out, and the main clinico-pathological features and strategies of treatment of solid-pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas are presented. Pathological, genetic and molecular features distinguish solid-pseudopapillary tumours from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, neuroendocrine differentiation can be found focally in occasional cases of solid-pseudopapillary tumour. Patients with localised disease are usually cured by surgery. Prolonged survival can be seen in the presence of distant metastasis, if such lesions are resected surgically. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are used in rare cases when resection is not possible. No current chemotherapy regimens are considered standard in the treatment of this tumour. A rational chemotherapy protocol for such a rare tumour needs to consider its origin and clinical behaviour. However, the indolent clinical progression of solid-pseudopapillary tumours is similar to that of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour.
Intractable renovascular hypertension in an adult recipient of a pediatric cadaveric renal transplant.

Renovascular hypertension developed in an anephric 37-year-old patient after he received a cadaveric renal transplant from a 2-year-old donor. Despite adequate homograft function, a transplant nephrectomy was performed because of intractable, life-threatening hypertension. There was relative stenosis throughout the course of the transplanted renal artery. Pathologic examination of the kidney did not demonstrate evidence of technical failure or immunological or hypertensive damage. Atrophic changes in the media of the renal artery may have resulted from radiation damage. The hypertension appears to have been caused by disproportionate growth between the parenchyma in the hypertrophying pediatric homograft and its renal artery.
THE BLACK CHURCH: Manhood and Mission

STUDENTS of the black Christian church today tend to emphasize its long and honorable association with the cause of black liberation, its tradition of protest, whether overt or covert, against white racism. "The Black Revolution was born in the 'invisible' Black Church of the slave era." "The independent Black Church emerged as a protest-a protest against the racist theology and the racist ecclesiology of the church in America."' This emphasis, as Vincent Harding has pointed out, serves as a necessary counterbalance to "classic" interpretations of the black church, by such scholars as Benjamin Mays and E. Franklin Frazier, as passive, other-worldly, not inclined to struggle for racial justice. Any definite judgment on the black church will undoubtedly have to give some weight to both these interpretations, thereby recognizing what Harding terms "the ambiguity, the doubleness, of black religious experience, indeed of all religious experience."2 Yet even recognition of this "doubleness"-this polarity between religion as an opiate and religion as a stimulus to protest--does not constitute a full appreciation of the contribution the black church has made to the earthly liberation of its people. That contribution goes beyond the simple either/or of passive submission and active resistance to encompass the realm of communal nurture in which a people develops and symbolizes its answer (s) to the question, What does it mean to be a man? Every human community defines and authenticates those models of
Extrasolar planets: More giants in focus

A fresh analysis of data from gravitational microlensing surveys for planets orbiting stars other than the Sun finds that gas-giant planets similar to Jupiter are more common than previously thought.
Expanding the Reach of Electronic Commerce: The Internet EDI Alternative

Abstract Exchanging business transactions online through electronic document interchange (EDI) is a well-understood practice. However, EDI's potential is limited by the inability of millions of companies to participate. That will change as the projected impact of Internet EDI means every company can become a trading partner.
A multi-channel cooperative MIMO MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

Recently, several multi-channel MAC protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to improve network capacity and boost energy efficiency. In addition, cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique has been shown to be able to significantly enhance the energy efficiency of WSNs if properly configured. However, these two promising techniques have not been jointly utilized in WSNs. In this paper, we explore such a joint design by proposing a novel MAC protocol for WSNs that takes advantage of both multiple channels and cooperative MIMO. Specifically, sensor nodes in a WSN are organized into clusters and each cluster head selects some cooperative nodes to help forward traffic to or receive from other clusters by utilizing cooperative MIMO technique. For intra-cluster communications, different channels are assigned to adjacent clusters to reduce collisions, while for inter-cluster communications, cooperative MIMO links are scheduled to improve energy efficiency and concurrent transmissions are enabled by assigning different channels to them. We carry out extensive simulations and the results demonstrate that the proposed protocol can significantly increase throughput and improve energy efficiency compared to other schemes. For example, for a WSN with 150 nodes in a 250m × 250m field, with five or more available channels, the protocol can achieve over three times saturated throughput while saving up to 17% energy per bit for inter-cluster communications.
Crossing of the equator by the deep western boundary current in the western Atlantic Ocean

Abstract Property distributions and geostrophic shear from a hydrographic section near 37°W in the Atlantic Ocean show the deep western boundary current (DWBC) in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) established against the western boundary of the Brazil Basin immediately south of the equator (between 2° and 5°S). The DWBC thus has directly crossed the equator to the South Atlantic following the east-southeast trend of the continental slope isobaths. The estimated DWBC transport of NADW is 35 × 106 m3 s−1, similar to other estimates from the tropics discussed here. These large DWBC transports are opposed by flow of deep water to the North Atlantic immediately offshore of the DWBC, with as much as two-thirds of the DWBC transport being returned as these recirculations. One recirculation center is the Guiana Basin north of the equator but extends at least a few hundred kilometers south of the equator; another is visible at 11°S in the Brazil Basin. The degree of connection of these two observed recirculatio...
Gram Negative Bacteria Associated with Sloughing, a Softening of California Ripe Olives

SUMMARY —A softening of olives, called “sloughing,” has occurred during the processing of California “ripe” olives for many years. The spoilage is characterized by the softening and ultimate sloughing of at least part of the skin and tissue from the pit of the olive. Control of the spoilage was accomplished largely by reducing the washing period from the customary four to a maximum of three days. The gram-negative bacteria associated with the spoilage include species allocated to five different genera. Aerobacter, Escherichia, Paracolobactrum, Aeromonas, and Achromobacter. The characteristics of these bacteria, their ability to cause softening of olives, and the kinds of pectolytic enzymes they produce are described.
Cell-Type-Specific Localization of Transforming Growth Factor-β2 and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in the Hamster Ovary: Differential Regulation by Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone

Cell-type-specific localization and gonadotropin regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) in the hamster ovary were evaluated immunohistochemically under three conditions: (1) during the estrous cycle (Day 1 = estrus; Day 4 = proestrus); (2) after the blockade of periovulatory gonadotropin surges by phenobarbital, and (3) after FSH and/or LH treatment of long-term hypophysectomized hamsters. Ovarian TGF-beta 1 activity was primarily localized in theca and interstitial cells. The activity increased moderately but significantly after the preovulatory LH surge and reached a peak at 0900 h, Day 2 h; oocytes showed considerable activity. TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity subsequently fell to low levels in theca-interstitial cells through 0900 h, Day 4. Significant TGF-beta 2 immunoreactivity appeared after the surge, mainly in the granulosa cells of both preantral and antral follicles; a few interstitial cells surrounding preantral follicles showed discrete staining. TGF-beta 2 immunoreactivity in granulosa cells and in interstitial cells next to preantral follicles reached a peak at 0900 h, Day 1, and persisted up to 0900 h, Day 2; oocytes showed no staining. Phenobarbital treatment blocked the appearance of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 immunoreactivities at 1600 h, Day 4; however, a rebound in immunoreactivities was observed with the onset of the surge after a 1-day delay. Replacement of LH to long-term hypophysectomized hamsters resulted in a marked increase in TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity in the interstitial cells, but FSH, although it induced follicular development, did not influence ovarian TGF-beta 1 activity. Treatment with FSH, however, induced a massive increase in TGF-beta 2 immunoreactivity in the granulosa cells of newly developed antral and preantral follicles but not in the interstitial cells; LH, on the other hand, had no significant effect on TGF-beta 2 activity. Treatment with FSH and LH combined resulted in a dramatic increase in TGF-beta 2 immunoreactivity in granulosa and interstitial cells and in TGF-beta 1 in theca and interstitial cells comparable to their peak activity in intact animals. Western analyses substantiated the presence of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 in the hamster ovary and the specificity of immunolocalization. These studies, therefore, provide critical evidence that TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 in the hamster ovary are expressed in specific cell types and that their expression is differentially regulated by LH and FSH, respectively.
Engineering approach to interpretation of oedometer tests performed on collapsible soils

Abstract Two mathematical models were selected for describing soil collapsibility. The elastic behavior of quasi-uniform materials was utilized for modeling one-dimensional compression of ‘dry’ soil specimens. Water-saturated soil specimens were modeled as elastic materials where deformation properties ‘improve’ during stress increase. Two simple formulas are offered for the interpretation of the double oedometer tests. The validity of these formulas derived within the common stress domain was demonstrated. The analytical expressions derived from the double oedometer tests may be utilized in the interpretation of the single oedometer tests. The effectiveness of the suggested method in the interpretation of single oedometer test was illustrated using the test results published in the literature.
Excitation of surface polaritons via optical nonlinearities: Threshold behavior.

We have developed a theory which describes the excitation of surface polaritons, via two nondegenerate laser beams, at a smooth interface formed by a metallic substrate and a material which displays a second-order optical nonlinearity. Detailed calculations suggest that excitation will be most efficient at the longer wavelengths where the surface polaritons exhibit little loss and are well-defined excitations.
Translanguaging Practices as Mobilization of Linguistic Resources in a Spanish/English Bilingual After-School Program: An Analysis of Contradictions

This article discusses the results of an empirical study that examined the translanguaging practices of primary-grade, bilingual Latino students, as mediated by bilingual teacher candidates (TCs), in an after-school program in the southwestern United States. Expansive Learning theory, within the cultural-historical activity tradition, guided the analysis. The author uses the concept of internal contradictions to analyze dilemmas that emerged during the program, as they related to the participants’ language use. Results indicate that participants’ translanguaging practices inadvertently reinforced the hegemony of English, which made English, and concerns regarding testing, the object of the activity for many of the TCs. The author suggests that this tension reflects larger historical contradictions in U.S. schooling for language-minoritized children. Accordingly, she cautions about the use of flexible language policies in bilingual education, which could be used to either stabilize or transgress language h...
Emphysematous cholecystitis in an elderly woman: Case report and review of the literature

Cholecystitis, a frequent diagnosis in emergency departments, has been discussed extensively in the medical literature. We report a case of emphysematous cholecystitis, an unusual form of this disease process, including the classic radiographic findings. We also offer a review of the literature, emphasizing the proposed pathophysiology and the life-threatening nature of this surgical condition. Early recognition and surgical consultation are vital in these patients.
Primary localized amyloidosis of bladder

Abstract Primary amyloidosis of the bladder is a rare disease, most frequently confused with bladder carcinoma. Our experience in defining the lesion during surgery is presented. The etiology is discussed.
Stimulation of locomotor activity of genetically obese mice by amphetamine.

Die motorische Aktivitat von genetish obesen (ob/ob) und diabetischen (db/db) Mausen wurde durchd-Amphetamin starker gesteigert als bei normalen Mausen, wobei das Regulationszentrum fur die motorische Aktivitat intakt zu sein scheint.
Large width in the Lee model for the Higgs-Goldstone sector

We discuss a variant of the unstable particle Lee model motivated by the problem of large width in Higgs meson decay. The essential result is that, in the point-interaction model, the width for decay into Goldstone bosons (W's and Z's), defined from the second-sheet unstable particle pole, obeys Γ0 ⩽ Γ <32Γ0, where Γ0 is the naive perturbative width, and the ordering is from weak coupling at the lower end to strong coupling at the upper end. If the point interaction of the Lee model is modified to make the tree scattering amplitude for Goldstone particles relativistically invariant, a large-coupling upper bound for the width results. Γ < 10.7 mH, where by comparison, the naive perturbative width grows like mH3. We find that defining the renormalized coupling at the complex Higgs pole is reasonable in the Lee model, even when the pole moves far from the real axis. Furthermore, scattering effects remain strong, in the sense that the unitarity bound is roughly approached over a large range of energies, although the scattering amplitude never reaches more than about 80% of saturation in the point-interaction model, contrary to naive perturbation theory. We also point out, without discussing it in this paper, what appears to be a new fact about the Lee model, that the Higgs propagator has a bound-state pole in addition to the resonance pole.
OVARIAN INFLUENCE ON POLLEN TUBE GROWTH, AS INDICATED BY THE SEMIVIVO TECHNIQUE

With the semivivo technique, pollen tubes grow from the bases of cut styles. The length of pollen tubes protruding from such styles, or growing through intact styles, is greatly enhanced by allowing initial pollen tube growth to occur before the ovary is removed. The presence of other floral parts has no apparent effect in this study. This improved semivivo method provides an abundant supply of pollen tubes that may show fewer artifacts than do those produced with in vitro growth. It also suggests that the ovary plays an important role in pollen-style interactions. POLLEN, representing a haploid portion of the angiosperm life cycle, provides a microbiallike system for selection. This has increased the necessity for improved and expanded techniques for pollen observations. The present paper represents one such technique and, at the same time, tells something about floral parts and the role they play in normal pollen tube growth.
A Novel Function of CRL4Cdt2: REGULATION OF THE SUBUNIT STRUCTURE OF DNA POLYMERASE δ IN RESPONSE TO DNA DAMAGE AND DURING THE S PHASE*

DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ4) is a heterotetrameric enzyme, whose p12 subunit is degraded in response to DNA damage, leaving behind a trimer (Pol δ3) with altered enzymatic characteristics that participate in gap filling during DNA repair. We demonstrate that CRL4Cdt2, a key regulator of cell cycle progression that targets replication licensing factors, also targets the p12 subunit of Pol δ4 in response to DNA damage and on entry into S phase. Evidence for the involvement of CRL4Cdt2 included demonstration that p12 possesses a proliferating cell nuclear antigen-interacting protein-degron (PIP-degron) and that knockdown of the components of the CRL4Cdt2 complex inhibited the degradation of p12 in response to DNA damage. Analysis of p12 levels in synchronized cell populations showed that p12 is partially degraded in S phase and that this is affected by knockdowns of CUL4A or CUL4B. Laser scanning cytometry of overexpressed wild type p12 and a mutant resistant to degradation showed that the reduction in p12 levels during S phase was prevented by mutation of p12. Thus, CRL4Cdt2 also regulates the subunit composition of Pol δ during the cell cycle. These studies reveal a novel function of CRL4Cdt2, i.e. the direct regulation of DNA polymerase δ, adding to its known functions in the regulation of the licensing of replication origins and expanding the scope of its overall control of DNA replication. The formation of Pol δ3 in S phase as a normal aspect of cell cycle progression leads to the novel implications that it is involved in DNA replication as well as DNA repair.
Accuracy of IOL calculations in children: a comparison of immersion versus contact A-scan biometery.

Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of pediatric IOL calculations performed under general anesthesia by using immersion A-scan biometry and to compare the results to those obtained using contact A-scan biometry. Methods A retrospective review of 203 consecutive cases of pediatric cataract extraction with primary IOL implantation within the capsular bag; mean patient age was 5.52 ± 4.19 years (range, 18 days to 18 years). Axial length measurements were performed with the contact A-scan biometry in 138 eyes, whereas immersion technique biometry was used in the remaining consecutive 65 eyes. Preoperative predictive target refraction was compared with the refractive result obtained at the 2-month postoperative visit. Results The mean of the absolute value lens prediction error for all eyes was 1.08 ± 0.93 D from the desired postoperative refractive result. Lens prediction error for the contact A-scan subgroup was 1.11 ± 0.90 D, whereas the immersion A-scan subgroup was less at 1.03 ± 0.98 D. This result was not statistically significant ( p = 0.6442). Statistically significant correlations were found between increased lens prediction error and age at time of surgery or corneal curvature. Conclusions This retrospective, noncomparative pilot study showed no significant difference in IOL prediction error when comparing the postoperative refractive results obtained with immersion versus contact A-scan biometry in pediatric IOL calculations.
Computer search for defects in a D = 3 Heisenberg spin glass

Abstract A computer study of T = 0 metastable states (local minima) of a Heisenberg spin glass (1728 fixed-length spins on a simple cubic latice with random nearest-neighbor bonds) is reported, in which an attempt is made to describe the relation of nearby minima in terms of defects and to characterize those defects. The local rotation matrix relating one equilibrium configuration to another is well defined, and has a (relatively long) correlation length of 3–4 lattice units. The size of the clusters of spins which tend to be locked together in rigid rotations is 100–200 spins by several criteria. It is found that disclination lines and continuous twists of 360° across the sample exist as stable minima of the energy. However, the domain walls, across which the rotation matrix undergoes a reflection, appear to be more “fundamental” defects. The excitation energy of a defect is of the order of one exchange coupling or less. It does not seem possible to resolve the differences between two metastable states as a simple combination of spatially isolated defects.
Relationship between multibody dynamics computation and nonlinear vibration theory

This paper presents the ground-work of implementing the multibody dynamics codes to analyzing nonlinear coupled oscillators. The recent developments of the multibody dynamics have resulted in several computer codes that can handle large systems of differential and algebraic equations (DAE). However, these codes cannot be used in their current format without appropriate modifications. According to multibody dynamics theory, the differential equations of motion are linear in the acceleration, and the constraints are appended into the equations of motion through Lagrange's multipliers. This formulation should be able to predict the nonlinear phenomena established by the nonlinear vibration theory. This can be achieved only if the constraint algebraic equations are modified to include all the system kinematic nonlinearities. This modification is accomplished by considering secondary nonlinear displacements which are ignored in all current codes. The resulting set of DAE are solved by the Gear stiff integrator. The study also introduced the concept of constrained flexibility and uses an instantaneous energy checking function to improve integration accuracy in the numerical scheme. The general energy balance is a single scalar equation containing all the energy component contributions. The DAE solution is then compared with the solution predicted by the nonlinear vibration theory. It also establishes new foundation for the use of multibody dynamics codes in nonlinear vibration problems. It is found that the simulation CPU time is much longer than the simulation of the original equations of the system.