cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical and biological aspects of myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome

Children with Down syndrome are at an elevated risk of leukemia, especially myeloid leukemia (ML-DS). This malignancy is frequently preceded by transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), which is self-limited expansion of fetal liver-derived megakaryocyte progenitors. An array of international studies has led to consensus in treating ML-DS with reduced-intensity chemotherapy, leading to excellent outcomes. In addition, studies performed in the past 20 years have revealed many of the genetic and epigenetic features of the tumors, including GATA1 mutations that are arguably associated with all cases of both TAM and ML-DS. Despite these advances in understanding the clinical and biological aspects of ML-DS, little is known about the mechanisms of relapse. Upon relapse, patients face a poor outcome, and there is no consensus on treatment. Future studies need to be focused on this challenging aspect of leukemia in children with DS.
On the molecular mechanism of action of scorpion neurotoxin. II. From Androctonus australis Hector.

An hypothesis has been presented earlier based on binding experiments that the ACh storage and release mechanism in the cholinergic terminal is based on a stack of CMP molecules. Such a stack can bind ACh in a 1 : 1 ratio and the resulting ACh-CMP complex is stereochemically complementary to morphine (1 : 1 : 1) and related drugs. The amino acid sequence of scorpion neurotoxin II (Androctonus australis Hector) has recently been published. This paper presents a model of the conformation of this protein, including its pattern of disulphide bond formation, that is to a high degree complementary to a stack of nine molecules of CMP. The conformation of the protein is predicted at two levels of confidence: (1) high (amino acids 48–64) and (2) tentative (amino acids 1–47). If this theoretical conformation is confirmed by direct biophysical studies this will provide evidence in favour of the CMP hypothesis.
Compiling for a hybrid programming model using the LMAD representation

There are two typical ways for a compiler to generate parallel code for distributed memory multiprocessors. One is to generate explicit message passing code and the other is to generate code for a distributed shared memory software layer. In this paper, we propose a new compiler design that combines message passing and distributed shared memory for a single program, depending on how data is accessed. The Linear Memory Access Descriptor (LMAD) is used to represent data distribution and data accesses in our compiler. The LMAD can represent complex distribution and access patterns accurately. We show how LMADs may be used to generate message passing operations. Experimental results indicate that our technique is useful for programs with both regular and irregular access patterns.
In Situ Composites

Blending of thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers (TLCP) with thermoplastic matrices resulted in a complex biphasic morphology. The in situ formation of reinforcing phase constituted by TLCP inclusion affected the processing parameters of blends and their mechanical and physical–chemical properties. A dramatic decrease in the melt viscosity and the formation and elongation of the liquid-crystal polymer droplets were observed under proper processing conditions when a limited amount (5–10% by weight) of TLCP was added. The extent of reinforcing effect was controlled by the amount of TLCP, its morphology (i.e., elongated fibrils vs round-shaped particles) and the interphase adhesion between matrix and liquid-crystalline inclusions. Fiber spinning experiments showed that opportune drawing conditions were necessary to improve the composite modulus. The viscosity ratio between the two phases is the main parameter controlling the ability to transfer the elongational stress from the matrix to molten TLCP inclusions. The morphology of the blends was correlated with the rheological and mechanical properties. Keywords: self-reinforcing composite; in situ composite; polymer blend; liquid crystals; nematic; polyester
Perceptual Narrowing during Simulated Pressure-Chamber Exposure:

In this study, 15 male subjects performed a central visual acuity task (Landolt ring detections) and a peripheral light detection task during what they thought to be a 60-ft. dive in a pressure chamber. There was no actual pressure change. A 15-man control group performed the same tasks at an outside location. Experimental measures included a posttest anxiety checklist and continuous heart rate recording. The chamber group showed significantly higher anxiety scores and also a significantly higher heart rate throughout the experiment. There was no difference between the groups with regard to correct Landolt detections, although the chamber group responded somewhat slower. Peripheral detection, however, was severely and significantly degraded in the chamber group. It was concluded that perceptual narrowing had been demonstrated as a result of psychological stress associated with exposure to the “dangerous” pressure-chamber.
The development of projectile excitation during ion-solid collisions observed through convoy electron emission

Preliminary results and interpretation are presented for a recent experiment designed to explore the evolution of electronic excitation of a projectile ion during flight through a solid target by monitoring the development of high-order multipole moments of the convoy electron angular distribution as a function of target thickness.
Real Time: Governing the Market After the Failure of Knowledge

This paper presents an ethnographic account of the work of bureaucrats at the Bank of Japan, Japan's central bank, as they engaged in the construction of a "real time" payments system. The paper aims to consider certain shared dimensions of the knowledge practices of late modern anthropologists and economic planners and the special challenges these pose to the study of modern knowledge. In particular, the paper focuses on the effects of the attraction of "self-sustaining systems" consisting of "two sides." It concludes that one central challenge of new ethnographic subjects such as global financial markets is to find ways of ethnographically apprehending dimensions of modern knowledge that do not present themselves as steps or elements in the construction or destruction of systems, or as phenomena that can be seen from two sides.
Putting Alternate Assessments into Practice: What to Measure and Possible Sources of Data

The reauthorized Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires that states have alternate assessments in place by the year 2000. Personnel in departments of education are working on the development of alternate assessments that are to be used in accounting for the performance and progress of students with disabilities who do not participate in the typical state assessments. In this article, we define alternate assessment, describe methods that can be used to collect data, and describe domains in which data should be collected. We report the results of a focus group study in which teachers delineated ways in which data might be collected using each of the methods in each of the domains. We provide a set of initial thoughts that could serve as a starting point for designing alternate assessments.
Basking Behavior of Emydid Turtles (Chysemys picta, Graptemys geographica, and Trachemys scripta) in an Urban Landscape

Basking is common in emydid turtles and is generally accepted to be a ther- moregulatory behavior. In 2004, we quantifi ed and described the basking behavior of turtles in the Central Canal of Indianapolis. This canal system fl ows through an urban landscape that is dominated by fragmented woodlots, residential areas, and commer- cial areas. We observed that basking turtles exhibited variable basking behavior, with spatial and temporal shifts in basking behavior from east-facing banks in the morn- ing to west-facing banks in the afternoon. Turtles in the Central Canal are subject to frequent disturbance, which altered basking behavior. Many turtles forewent aerial basking on emergent substrates for aquatic basking on vegetation mats, which main- tained warmer and more consistent temperatures than either emergent substrates or the surrounding water. Living in an intensively managed urban habitat, turtles in the Central Canal are susceptible to frequent anthropogenic perturbations, and future man- agement should consider the life history and ecology of urban turtle populations
Is Random Error Useful for Developmental Psychology

Insbesondere in der Psychologie wurden quantitative Verfahren lange als Gewahr von Objektivitat und als Beleg der eigenen Wissenschaftlichkeit verstanden. Dies ubergeht, dass alle Datensorten lediglich Reprasentationen von Phanomenen und zugleich kulturelle Hervorbringungen sind: Daten sind bedeutungsvolle Symbole, mit deren Hilfe Menschen Unmittelbares im "Hier und Jetzt" (d.h. "Phanomene") verstehen, bewaltigen und verandern entlang ihrer je spezifischen Zwecke (also z.B. fur die Konstruktion von Wissen). Daten sind, wie alle Reprasentationen, mit impliziten Annahmen geladen, die aus dem Reprasentationsakt folgen, in den sie eingebunden sind. Fur die Wissenschaften ist eine grostmogliche Passung von Daten, Analyse und Theorie von hervorgehobener Bedeutung. Dies gilt im Besonderen fur die wissenschaftliche Untersuchung von Entwicklung (-sprozessen), mit der sehr spezifische Annahmen verbunden sind. Hier bilden Veranderung und Veranderbarkeit das Zentrum der interessierenden Phanomene, wahrend der statistische Fokus auf Fehler und auf Konzepte von Zufall genau diesem zentralen Interesse entgegensteht. Wird ein Konzept wie das des Zufallsfehlers verwandt, so wird auch die diesem Konzept inharente Annahme von Stabilitat mit ubernommen, obwohl es sich bei Entwicklung um einen dynamischen Prozess handelt, mit dem Veranderung und Neuheit verbunden sind. Hieran wird deutlich, dass (disziplinar) institutionalisierte Bindungen an Verfahren oder an Arten von Daten mit der zentralen Frage der Angemessenheit dieser Verfahren/Datensorten zur Reprasentation des in Frage und zur Untersuchung stehenden Phanomens nicht vereinbar sind. Von diesen Uberlegungen ausgehend wird zu zeigen versucht, wie wissenschaftliches Wissen konstruiert werden kann, auch wenn die Variabilitat, die gerade entwicklungspsychologische Phanomene auszeichnet, anerkannt und der Untersuchung zuganglich gemacht wird. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0103190
BROWNIAN MOTION OF A MIRROR IN SUPERFLUID HELIUM

This paper treats the Brownian motion of a mirror suspended in a phonon or photon gas. It is shown that the properties of the medium, such as the statistics and the temperature dependence of the excitation concentration, influence the mean square Fourier amplitudes of the motion of the mirror.
Statistical Properties of the Two-Stage Least Squares Estimator Under Cointegration

We derive the limiting properties of the two-stage least squares estimator of an equation in a dynamic simultaneous model when variables are nonstationary and cointegrated. The implication on hypothesis testing is also discussed. It is shown that in a structural equation approach what one needs to worry about are the classical issues of identification and estimation, not nonstationarity and cointegration. Conventional formulae for computing the asymptotic covariance of the 2SLS estimator and the Wald-type test statistics remain good approximations despite the fact that variables may be integrated.
The effect of prepulse on x-ray laser development using a powerful subpicosecond KrF* laser

A high power UV laser has been developed as a pump source for short wavelength (down to 1 nm) X-ray lasers. Various schemes are considered and theoretical analysis is discussed. Spectroscopic studies of laser-target interaction have been performed and, in particular, the effect of a prepulse on plasma generation has been investigated. Analysis of the observed spectra indicates that reduction of the prepulse energy results in a higher temperature plasma. Investigation of the interaction using thin layered targets is also presented. These data provide evidence for initially hot plasma conditions generated from target layers ≦150 A. Discussions of proposed laser schemes at 1–5 nm are presented.
Uniqueness of connected sum decompositions in dimension 4

Abstract Suppose W is a 4-manifold with good fundamental group and M is a closed simply-connected 4-manifold. Suppose we are given two decompositions h 1 : W ⋍ M # W 1 and h 2 : W ⋍ M # W 2 inducing the same decomposition of π 2 W . In this paper we study when we can conclude that W 1 and W 2 are homeomorphic. As a consequence we conclude that the ∗ operation for changing the Kirby-Siebenmann invariant of a 4-manifold is well defined. We will also use this discussion to relate the ambient approach to classification to the surgery approach.
14C2H4: Its Purification for Biological Studies

A gas chromatographic technique is described for obtaining ultra high purity (14)C(2)H(4) for use in biological studies. (14)C(2)H(4) purchased from commercial sources contained readily detectable impurities including radioactive acetylene. Following purification on two different columns, no impurities were detected by high sensitivity gas chromatographic analysis. However, shortly thereafter impurities were detected as a result of radiation decomposition. Trapping and immediately regenerating ultra high purity (14)C(2)H(4) from dilute, filtered Hg (CIO(4))(2) solutions did not cause the formation of impurities, whereas additional impurities were formed when unpurified (14)C(2)H(4) was used. Impurities were also formed when ultra high purity (14)C(2)H(4) was stored in such solutions prior to its regeneration or when it was trapped and immediately regenerated from more concentrated Hg(CIO(4))(2) solutions.
Androgen control of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA synthesis in male sex accessory tissue of castrate rats.

Incorporation of thymidine-3H methyl into nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was measured as a function of time and androgen or vehicle administration in male sex accessory tissue and liver of castrate rats. The activation of DNA synthesis by androgen is organ specific, i.e., noted only in seminal vesicle and prostate, but not in liver. The earliest activation noted occurred at 24 hr in seminal vesicle and at 48 hr in prostate and was sustained for up to 72 hr of androgenic stimulation. Increased nuclear and mitochondrial DNA synthesis occurred at the same time, suggesting that DNA is being synthesized in anticipation of the first wave of cell division, permitting nuclei and mitochondria to be replicated for parcelling out to daughter cells. Thus, neither nuclear nor mitochondrial DNA synthesis is required for the early action of androgen on its target tissues. (Endocrinology 90: 1633, 1972)
Comparison of the Sheffield Birth Score in an Insured Managed Care Population vs. a Medicaid Managed Care Population. † 674

Comparison of the Sheffield Birth Score in an Insured Managed Care Population vs. a Medicaid Managed Care Population. † 674
Adolescents Living in Public Housing: Self-perceptions of Competence and Family Satisfaction

This pilot study was developed to better understand the perceived level of self-competence in African American adolescents living within public housing developments in the mid-South. The study’s goal was to obtain a more in-depth understanding of self-perceptions in strategic areas and begin to determine how their environment may affect dimensions of self-competence. Measurements included Harter’s Self-Perception Profile for Children scale (SPPC) and Hudson’s Family Relationship Problems domain contained in his Multidimensional Adolescent Assessment Scale. A comparative analysis was conducted between the sample means and those obtained from the population on which the SPPC instrument was normed [Harter (1985), The self-perception profile for children: revision of the perceived competence scale for children. Denver: Manual, University of Denver]. All scores were analyzed both within gender and within past scholastic performance. Findings suggested that this sample of public housing youth scored similarly within both gender and past scholastic performance on most domains with a few exceptions. Males scored significantly higher on self-ratings of physical appearance than females, and low-reporting scholastic achievers tended to rank themselves significantly lower in athletic competence. Physical appearance and scholastic competence were associated with global self-worth, and family turmoil was associated with fewer close friendships. Importantly, the sample means were significantly different than the normed population means across several domains of competence. The finding suggesting that scholastic performance is a predictor of self-worth is supported by later research and refuted by earlier research. Perhaps this is a regional effect or perhaps there has been a cultural norm shift that more recent studies are able to identify. Interventions need to be designed for youth at middle-school age because the ability to instill protective factors greatly diminishes at post-puberty development.
Water Vapor Permeability of Edible Bilayer Films

Edible films composed of a water soluble, carbohydrate layer (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and various kinds of lipid layers were tested for resistance to water vapor permeability. Films were tested at 25°C and a relative humidity differential of 85%. Films containing solid lipids, such as beeswax, paraffin, hydrogenated palm oil or stearic acid yielded permeabilities of 0.2 g · mil · day−1· mmHg−1 or less which is a smaller value than that for low density polyethylene.
DNA-melting at the Bacillus subtilis flagellin promoter nucleates near -10 and expands unidirectionally.

Abstract A central step in promoter activation by RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the localized separation of the DNA strands to form the transcription bubble. We have used potassium permanganate footprinting to monitor DNA strand-separation by the Bacillus subtilis σ D RNAP at the strong promoter, P hag , directing transcription of flagellin. The susceptibility of individual thymine bases to permanganate oxidation is influenced by temperature, Mg 2+ , nucleotides, and the RNAP δ subunit. In the absence of δ, σ D RNAP establishes a partially opened complex even at 0°C with permanganate reactivity localized between −11 and −4 (RP −4 ). The region of strand separation expands to near −1 at 20°C (RP −1 ) and to +3 at 40°C (RP +3 ). The δ subunit inhibits the downstream propagation of the transcription bubble and thereby increases the concentration of early intermediates in the melting pathway. Indeed, Eδσ D forms a distinct nucleated complex (RP n ) at 0°C with a structural distortion localized to an AT base step within the −10 element. We propose a model for promoter melting in which strand separation nucleates within the conserved −10 consensus and subsequently propagates downstream. Mg 2+ and nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) favor the downstream propagation of the transcription bubble and strongly stimulate the RP −1 to RP +3 conversion. The NTP effects are apparently mediated by binding of substrate to the initiating NTP site: purines are more effective than pyrimidines and GMP alone can greatly increase the level of DNA-melting. The binding of substrates, but not Mg 2+ alone, can effectively overcome the anti-melting effect of δ.
Cross-equatorial pathways of salt and tracers from the northern Indian Ocean: Modelling results

Abstract The pathways of cross-equatorial flows originating in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are modelled using a 4.5-layer model of the Indian Ocean. Passive tracers and drifters are used to diagnose the transports. The model results show that relatively fresh Bay of Bengal water is transported southward across the equator throughout the year east of 90°E, but during the southwest monsoon as far west as 60°E. In the western part of the ocean, northward transport of low-salinity water across the equator takes place in a narrow region of positive relative vorticity flows in the Somali Current. Substantial southward cross-equatorial exchange of Arabian Sea water occurs as far east as 95°E, primarily from May to September. During the northeast monsoon the net transport is small, but large variability in the exchange of Arabian Sea water is associated with planetary equatorial waves. The cross-equatorial circulation emerge as a clockwise gyre, with southward flow in the mixed layer of the interior of the ocean, and a northward flow in the western boundary current region, including the mixed layer as well as subsurface layers. The path of the low-salinity or freshwater transport is associated with this circulation.
Amiodarone versus procainamide for the acute treatment of recurrent supraventricular tachycardia in pediatric patients.

Background— Intravenous amiodarone and procainamide are both used as therapies for refractory supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). However, no studies have compared the efficacy and safety of these agents in pediatric patients. Methods and Results— All patients treated with intravenous amiodarone or procainamide during 25 consecutive months for the following mechanisms of SVT were included: orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia, intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia, and ectopic atrial tachycardia; junctional ectopic tachycardia was excluded. Treatment response was categorized as full success, partial success, or failure. Partial success was defined as clinical improvement and/or arrhythmia control but not meeting full success criteria. Adverse events were classified as major (requiring resuscitation) or minor (management changes). There were 40 episodes of SVT in 37 patients (median age, 34 days; 24 with congenital heart disease). Amiodarone was the initial therapy in 26 cases and procainamide in 14 cases. If partial and full success are combined, procainamide was successful in 71% of cases compared with 34% for amiodarone ( P =0.046). If partial success is considered a treatment failure, procainamide was successful in 50% compared with 15% for amiodarone ( P =0.029). Ten patients received the second medication after the first failed. Success was achieved in 5 of 8 amiodarone-to-procainamide crossovers compared with 1 of 2 procainamide-to-amiodarone crossovers. One major and 10 minor adverse events occurred in amiodarone patients versus 6 minor adverse events in procainamide patients ( P =NS). Conclusions— In this cohort, procainamide achieved greater success compared with amiodarone in the management of recurrent SVT without statistically significant differences in adverse event frequency. Received August 18, 2009; accepted February 17, 2010. # CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE {#article-title-2}
On an Inequality of C. Sundberg: A Computational Investigation via Nonlinear Programming

The main goal of this article is to discuss a numerical method for finding the best constant in a Sobolev type inequality considered by C. Sundberg, and originating from Operator Theory. To simplify the investigation, we reduce the original problem to a parameterized family of simpler problems, which are constrained optimization problems from Calculus of Variations. To decouple the various differential operators and nonlinearities occurring in these constrained optimization problems, we introduce an appropriate augmented Lagrangian functional, whose saddle-points provide the solutions we are looking for. To compute these saddle-points, we use an Uzawa–Douglas–Rachford algorithm, which, combined with a finite difference approximation, leads to numerical results suggesting that the best constant is about five times smaller than the constant provided by an analytical investigation.
The characterization of iron sulfide minerals in anoxic marine sediments

Abstract The performance of extractants commonly used in the determination of acid volatile sulfide minerals (e.g., ‘amorphous-FeS’, mackinawite and greigite) and pyrite has been evaluated using pure mineral phases and anoxic sediments. ‘Amorphous-FeS’ and mackinawite are quantitatively recovered by most cold acid extractions, but greigite recovery is incomplete. Harsher extractants with reducing agents are necessary for the complete recovery of greigite, but dissolution of fine-grained synthetic pyrite occurs under such conditions. A quantitative separation between greigite and pyrite is not possible using these techniques, but the use of ‘acid volatile sulfide’ and ‘pyrite’ as operational categories is adequate for most field studies.
Research on Hydraulic Control System of Straightening Machine with Nine Rolls for Plates Based on BP Neural Network PID Controller

A mechanical transmission equipment of traditional straightening machine for plates are driven by worm gear and worm, which causes small straightening force, slow pressing speed and low control precision. However, screwdown control system of straightening machine can be driven by hydraulic system, which will lead to large straightening force, rapid pressing speed and high control precision. This system was designed for straightening machine with nine rolls for plates, its transfer function was deduced, and the analysis on its stability and time response was conducted. A BP neural network PID controller was utilized in the system for improving dynamic characteristics. It can be concluded that the system responds rapidly, and stability and control precision are high if BP neural network PID controller is used in the system.
Amic acid doping of polyaniline: Characterization and resulting blends

Abstract Amic acids are found to be dopants for polyaniline (Pani). In particular, polyamic acids, the precursors to polyimides, react with Pani to form an all-polymer conducting matrix composed of protonated Pani and the polyamate counteranion. The acid/base interaction provides the driving force for molecular miscibility. The doping reaction is probed further by using a model system based on a monomeric diamic acid. It is found that the conductivity in the all-polymer matrix is limited by geometric constraints between the two polymers. Upon imidization of the Pani/polyamic acid blend, the doping reaction is reversed resulting in a non-conducting Pani/polyimide blend. However, the miscibility between the two polymers is still retained forming a “frustrated” blend in which the two polymers are frozen into a homogeneous, non-equilibrium state unable to phase separate as a result of physical restrictions.
Brain Creatine Kinase with Aging in F-344 Rats: Analysis by Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

We measured in vivo forward flux of the creatine kinase reaction in rat forebrain in young (Y: 6 month, n = 13), mid-aged (M: 12 month, n = 7) and aged (O: 27 month, n = 10) animals using 31P magnetic resonance saturation transfer. Forward flux was reduced in the aged rats (Y: 0.42 +/- 0.08; M: 0.41 +/- 0.10; O: 0.31 +/- 0.03 s(-1) +/- SD; p = 0.008 O vs. Y). In vitro studies in a subset of the same rats showed a parallel decline in CK activity (Y: 2.16 +/- 0.40; M: 2.17 +/- 0.25; O: 1.56 +/- 0.06 IU +/- S.D.; p = 0.002 O vs. Y). The in vivo spectroscopic and in vitro biochemical measures were significantly correlated. Reduced creatine kinase activity could account for the observed decreased forward flux in aging brain. Intracellular pH, phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate ratio, and phospocreatine/gamma-adenosine triphosphate ratio did not differ between groups. Forward flux may represent a better measure of brain energy function than relative phosphocreatine or adenosine triphosphate levels observable in vivo.
Regional similarities in the metabolic regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase

Seven normal weight and 10 obese women were studied to determine the relative activities of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (ATLPL) in the gluteal and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue depots, both in the fasting state and in response to a 6-hour insulin/glucose infusion. In normal weight women, fasting gluteal enzyme activity was greater than abdominal (P < .02). In the obese group, fasting levels of ATLPL were higher in both the gluteal and abdominal depots than in the normal weight group, but similar between regions. The regulation of ATLPL by insulin/glucose was also similar between regions in each group. When both groups were considered together, there was a strong correlation between fasting ATLPL of both regions, and between the insulin responsiveness of gluteal ATLPL and abdominal ATLPL after a 6-hour infusion. Despite regional differences in fasting ATLPL in lean women, these studies indicate that the regulation of ATLPL by insulin/glucose is largely similar in at least these two subcutaneous adipose tissue depots.
Prof. Labbé's Production of ‘Allomorphs’ by the Action of increased Hydrogen Ion Concentration

PROF. LABBE, in a series of recent papers (C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 1924, t. 178, p. 132, 594; t. 179, p. 928; 1924, Arch. Zool. Exp., t. 62, p. 401), has communicated the results of observations made on the Salines of Croisic, and the conclusions he draws there from as to the nature and stability of species would, if substantiated, seriously shake the foundations of systematic zoology. For example, he asserts that, from the eggs of a parent form Canthocamptus minutus, O.F.M. exposed in the ovisac to the influence of a high PH, he has obtained a mixed progeny consisting of: (a) C. minutus (typical). (b) ‘Allomorph’ Mesochra (Walterstarffia) blanchardi Rich. (c) ‘Allomorph’ Canthocamptus lucidulus Rehb. (d) ‘Allomorph’ Mesochra salina n. sp.
Hiring and Training Work-Study Students: A Case Study

This article describes the implementation of a comprehensive hiring and training program for library work-study students designed to reduce the time spent on individual training. After staff reductions, Marygrove College Library in Detroit, Michigan, turned to an underutilized resource—work-study students. Formerly, training these students took so much permanent staff time that the library questioned investing so much effort on a contingent work force. With the cuts, the library reconsidered the value of work-study employees and devised a hiring and training program to choose the best candidates for the position and to reduce the effort full-time staff spent training new workers.
Processing and fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke for ethanol production

Processing and fermentation trials on Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers, and on pure inulin media were carried out. Acid and thermal treatments, pure and mixed cultures of yeast, and enzyme preparations were investigated. Best ethanol yields on either substrate were obtained with pH 2 thermal treatments, resulting in 131.6 liters ethanol per metric ton fresh tuber.
A different look at some basic sight‐word lists and their use

Abstract The intent of this article is to examine the words common to and the phonic characteristics of three basic sight‐word vocabulary lists. The lists vary in age dating from the 1940's to the 1970's. One, the Dolch is the most highly recognized by teachers at the elementary grade levels. The lists were selected because they cover a broad span of time, are highly representative of basic sight‐word lists and are recognizable. Careful examination of the pronunciation guides for the words using the New College Edition of The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language reveals that 137 of a total of 334 words are one hundred percent phonically consistent. Of the remaining 197 words, many are common exceptions to a rule but have the same sound such as “s” having a “z” sound. Many of the words follow a phonic rule; however, the number of words related to the rule is small. Actually, phonic analysis could be used on many of these words. Of the 334 total words on the three lists, 133 are common to al...
Comparison of three new nonculture tests in the diagnosis of Chlamydia genital infections

This study compares three new rapid nonculture tests to cell culture with passage for the diagnosis of Chlamydia genital infections in sexually active adolescent and young adult females. Two hundred consecutive patients having a pelvic examination had cervical samples taken for the following: Papanicolaou smear, gonorrhea culture, Chlamydia cell culture, direct fluorescent antibody (DFA; Difco), isotopic DNA probe (Gen-Probe), and enzyme immunoassay (EIA; IDEIA III, Novo BioLabs). After resolution of discrepant results, 25 of the specimens were judged to be positive. The DFA identified 17 of the 25, with 3 false-positive results; the DNA probe identified 20 of the 25, with no false positive results; and the EIA identified 22 of the 25, with one false-positive result. The sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values, respectively, were DFA, 68%, 98.2%, 85%, 95.5%; DNA probe, 80%, 100%, 100%, 97.2%; and EIA, 88%, 99.4%, 95.6%, 98.3%. These new rapid nonculture tests are comparable and relatively reliable, with trends favoring the EIA and the DNA probe. Further studies with larger samples are needed to determine their clinical utility.
On the Thermal Balance of a Mid‐Ocean Ridge

Summary The northernmost expressions of the East Pacific Rise spreading centre, the Juan de Fuca Ridge and Explorer Trough, have unusual heat-flow distributions. Crestal values are only moderately high, but flank areas that are models of undisturbed sedimentation have mean heat flows near 7 HFU (290 mW m−2). The values in these areas retain considerable scatter, but the detailed distribution is close to the opposite of that expected from conductive heat-flow refraction. The high mean values confirm that sea-floor spreading occurs by the upwelling of hot (magma temperature) material. The low crestal measurements and the non-refractive scatter in the flank areas strongly suggest that hydrothermal circulation is the dominant heat transfer process in fresh crestal material. Much of the heat loss from the new lithospheric material must occur through open circulation near the ridge crest and is never reflected in measurements of surface conduction.
Algorithms for Attitude Determination Using the Global Positioning System

Techniques are discussed for attitudedetermination using the global positioningsystem (GPS) differential phase measurements, assuming that the cycle integer ambiguities are known. The problem of attitude determination is posed as a parameter optimization problem. One proposed set of optimal solutions, which includes solutions of Wahba’s problem, is based on least-squares  t of some attitude parameters to a set of vector measurements. The use of these algorithms requires the conversion of the basic GPS scalar phase measurements into unit vectors. It is shown that when the GPS antennas constitute two axes of a Cartesian coordinate system, the conversion is immediate. When this is not the case, a more elaborate transformation is required. The necessary conversion formulae for both cases are developed and demonstrated in an example. Another possible approach is based on a least-squares  t of the attitude quaternion to the GPS phasemeasurements themselves. The cost function of the  t is given in the literature in the most straightforward formulation as a function of the attitude matrix. Conversion is presented of the matrix-based cost function to a quaternion-based cost function that corresponds to the cost function minimized by QUEST. However, unlike the QUEST cost function, the converted cost function is not a simple quadratic form; therefore, the simple QUEST solution is not applicable in this case. An iterative solution for  nding the optimal quaternion is derived and demonstrated through numerical examples. The algorithms can handle cases of planar antenna arrays and, thus, cover a de ciency in earlier algorithms.
Prefix codes and isomorphic automata

We give here the related structures of two regular prefix codes generating languages recognized by isomorphic automata.
Structure and Function of the 10 S Conformation of Smooth Muscle Myosin

Abstract Smooth myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) was exchanged with RLC labeled with benzophenone-4-iodoacetamide at Cys-108. Irradiation under conditions that favor the folded (10 S) conformation resulted in 10 S cross-linked myosin that could not unfold. Purified 10 S cross-linked myosin was cross-linked between the RLC of one head to light meromyosin between leucine 1554 and glutamate 1583, adjacent to a predicted noncoiled region, approximately 60 nm from the tip of the tail. At high ionic strength without actin, product release from one-half of the heads was slow (like 10 S) whereas the other half were activated. This suggests that tail binding to the RLC carboxyl-terminal domain stabilizes ionic interactions important to slow nucleotide release. With actin, product release from both (un)phosphorylated 10 S cross-linked myosin was from one slow population similar to unphosphorylated filaments. 10 S cross-linked myosin weakly bound actin (dissociation constant > 500 μM) and did not move actin in vitro. Single-headed myosin did not fold or trap nucleotide. These and other data suggest that “trapping” occurs only with both heads and the tail binds to a newly formed site, which includes the RLC carboxyl-terminal domain, once trapping has occurred.
Crossed temperature discrimination following section of forebrain neocortical commissures.

Summary Two neurological patients who had undergone total forebrain commissurotomies for the control of epilepsy were examined for the ability to make crossed temperature comparisons. Warm or cool temperature stimuli were presented to homologous regions on opposite sides of the body, the patients were required to indicate whether the two stimuli were of the same or different temperatures. Results indicated that the left hemisphere has access to temperature information from the left side of the body. It could not be determined whether the right hemisphere also has access to ipsilateral temperature information. We concluded from these findings that the left somesthetic ipsilateral pathway can convey sufficient temperature information to allow for accurate comparisons.
The effects of substrate bias on phase stability and properties of sputter-deposited tungsten carbide

The effects of substrate bias on phase formation and physical properties of rf magnetron sputter-deposited tungsten carbide films have been investigated in this work. Films were deposited at 275 °C using bias levels ranging from 0 to −150 V and at room temperature and −160 V. At low bias levels, the films were primarily composed of the WC1−x/W2(C,O) phases, both of which have the B1 structure, and the fraction of the hexagonal W2C phase increased with bias level. The increased substrate bias levels also correlated with a reduction in oxygen content, suggesting that reducing oxygen content promotes formation of the W2C phase. However, the film deposited at room temperature and −160 V bias had an oxygen content of only 3%, yet did not form the W2C phase, indicating a minimum level of thermal activation is also required to form W2C. Increasing the bias voltage also resulting in increases in film hardness, modulus and compressive residual stress, while reducing resistivity.
Time Resolved Fluorescence From Chlorotetracycline-Stained Coronary Arteries Using Excimer Laser Excitation

The use of light emitted accompanying a laser procedure on diseased sites within the heart and circulatory system, a procedure called laser angioplasty, provides a potentially simple, available monitor of the properites of the tissue target site. The nature and physical makeup of the site to be lased, as well as the evolution of the photoablation of the site, may be monitored in a fluorescence measurement.
Assessing Interactions for Fixed-Dose Drug Combinations in Tumor Xenograft Studies

Statistical methods for assessing the joint action of compounds administered in combination have been established for many years. However, there is little literature available on assessing the joint action of fixed-dose drug combinations in tumor xenograft experiments. Here an interaction index for fixed-dose two-drug combinations is proposed. Furthermore, a regression analysis is also discussed. Actual tumor xenograft data were analyzed to illustrate the proposed methods.
Internet Sexuality: Clinical Implications for Couples

In recent years, the exponential growth in Internet use has led clinicians to question the impact of this technological advancement on couples and families. However, most clinical research has focused on how sexual content or interactions online affect individuals. With the exception of Internet infidelity, family researchers have yet to assess the impact of Internet sexuality on couples with respect to their relationship or their sexual satisfaction. Consequently, little is known about the implications of online sexual content on couples' sexual and emotional relationships. Therefore, research is needed to explore the impact of Internet sexuality on dyadic sexual satisfaction and intimacy.
Inhibition of Protease-Resistant Prion Protein Accumulation In Vitro by Curcumin

Inhibition of the accumulation of protease-resistant prion protein (PrP-res) is a prime strategy in the development of potential transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) therapeutics. Here we show that curcumin (diferoylmethane), a major component of the spice turmeric, potently inhibits PrP-res accumulation in scrapie agent-infected neuroblastoma cells (50% inhibitory concentration, approximately 10 nM) and partially inhibits the cell-free conversion of PrP to PrP-res. In vivo studies showed that dietary administration of curcumin had no significant effect on the onset of scrapie in hamsters. Nonetheless, other studies have shown that curcumin is nontoxic and can penetrate the brain, properties that give curcumin advantages over inhibitors previously identified as potential prophylactic and/or therapeutic anti-TSE compounds.
Sinoaortic denervation does not prevent differential Pavlovian conditioning of bradycardia in rabbits.

Abstract Recent findings suggest that descending projections from the amygdaloid central nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) may modulate the baroreceptor reflex and thereby facilitate the expression of the bradycardiac conditioned response (CR) in rabbits 18,21 . The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of the afferent limb of the baroreceptor reflex in differential Pavlovian conditioning of bradycardia in rabbits. Animals received either aortic denervation, sinoaortic denervation or sham denervation. After recovery from surgery, animals received one differential Pavlovian conditioning session per day over the nex 6 days. Sinoaortic denervation abolished the baroreceptor reflex as assessed by intravenous injections of phenylephrine. In addition, sinoaortic denervation increased baseline heart rate (HR), altered the topography of the HR unconditioned response, but did not abolish the HR orienting response or prevent the acquisition of bradycardiac CRs. The findings of the present study suggest that afferent barosensory input is not necessary for the expression of the HR CR in rabbits. However, descending ACE projections may stil play a role in the HC CR by directly affecting NTS neurons.
A Critique of the New Public Management and the Neo-Weberian State: Advancing a Critical Theory of Administrative Reform

The New Public Management (NPM) has often been favorably contrasted with European Public Administration (EPA). This paper attempts to balance this Anglo-American perspective with a relatively new European critique of NPM which its authors call the Neo-Weberian State (NWS). Despite their differences in some key respects, however, it is argued that the NPM and NWS are similar in their sweeping paradigmatic character, their ambiguities and internal inconsistencies, their inability to go beyond instrumental rationality and incorporate forms of hermeneutic and critical reason, and in their advocacy of bureaucracy via participation under certain historical conditions, hence consistent with Weber’s characterization of modern organization and management. The paper, based on the authors’ rendering of critical social theory, provides a fresh means for bridging the two perspectives.
Toxicity of mixed-oxidant electrolyzed oxidizing water to in vitro and leaf surface populations of vegetable bacterial pathogens and control of bacterial diseases in the greenhouse

Abstract Mixed-oxidant (MO) electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water was generated by electrolysis of a 1.7% KCl (aq. w/v) brine solution. The MO EO water was a powerful bactericide in vitro at a dosage of mixed oxidants equivalent to 50 mg L −1 free available chlorine. Populations of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians , Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola , and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora were reduced from log 9 to log 10 CFU mL −1 to undetectable levels after 1 min exposure. Only E. carotovora subsp. carotovora was sensitive to a 5 mg L −1 dose of MO EO water. In greenhouse disease control experiments, 50 or 100 mg L −1 MO EO water failed to control bacterial leaf spot of lettuce, bacterial spot of tomato and pepper, or bacterial leaf spot of radish. A spray application of a copper hydroxide/mancozeb suspension was effective for control of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce and bacterial spot of tomato and pepper, reducing foliar disease levels up to 45%. Some phytotoxicity was observed at the 100 mg L −1 MO EO water dose. The lack of disease control on greenhouse plants with MO EO water may in large part be due to low mortality of the pathogen on leaf surfaces. In five of six experiments, no significant reductions in leaf surface populations were found for 50 mg L −1 MO EO water. In contrast, copper/mancozeb treatments reduced pathogen leaf surface populations by up to 5 log units when copper-sensitive strains were involved.
The relation of harvesting intensity to changes in soil, soil water, and stream chemistry in a northern hardwood forest, Catskill Mountains, USA

Abstract Previous studies have shown that clearcutting of northern hardwood forests mobilizes base cations, inorganic monomeric aluminum (Alim), and nitrate (NO3−-N) from soils to surface waters, but the effects of partial harvests on NO3−-N have been less frequently studied. In this study we describe the effects of a series of partial harvests of varying proportions of basal area removal (22%, 28% and 68%) on Alim, calcium (Ca2+), and NO3−-N concentrations in soil extracts, soil water, and surface water in the Catskill Mountains of New York, USA. Increases in NO3−-N concentrations relative to pre-harvest values were observed within a few months after harvest in soils, soil water, and stream water for all three harvests. Increases in Alim and Ca2+ concentrations were also evident in soil water and stream water over the same time period for all three harvests. The increases in Alim, Ca2+, and NO3−-N concentrations in the 68% harvest were statistically significant as measured by comparing the 18-month pre-harvest period with the 18-month post-harvest period, with fewer significant responses in the two harvests of lowest intensity. All three solutes returned to pre-harvest concentrations in soil water and stream water in the two lowest intensity harvests in 2–3 years compared to a full 3 years in the 68% harvest. When the results of this study were combined with those of a previous nearby clearcut and 40% harvest, the post-harvest increases in NO3−-N concentrations in stream water and soil water suggest a harvesting level above which the relation between concentration and harvest intensity changes; there was a greater change in concentration per unit change in harvest intensity when basal area removal was greater than 40%. These results indicate that the deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems previously demonstrated for intensive harvests in northern hardwood forests of northeastern North America that receive high levels of atmospheric N deposition can be greatly diminished as harvesting intensity decreases below 40–68%. These results await confirmation through additional incremental forest harvest studies at other locations throughout the world that receive high levels of atmospheric N deposition.