cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The OTRI-I Audit and the Detection and Expression of Hidden and Blind Organizational Identities: Implications for Managing Reputational Intelligence, Authenticity and Alignment

This study introduces a method for identifying multiple and hybrid identities for values-based organizations. Using a case study composed of mixed qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper details an instrument and process for detecting and expressing an organization's multiple organizational identities from the perspective of its publics. Within the US population, the OTRI-I Audit empirically verified the existence of eight distinct but not mutually exclusive publics having different perceptions of the identity of the denomination. These eight profiles explained 53.7 percent of the statistical variance. Two publics represented views of the organization's corporate story that should be used as reference points for uncovering hidden or blind identities or reputations, managing authenticity and aligning the organization's various identities from the AC2/3/4ID Test for the mutual benefit between an organization and its stakeholders.
The Gesell Developmental Schedules: Arnold Gesell (1880-1961).

It is quite possible that the suggested “changing nature“ of mental ability may have an explanation in the selection of items in the four original schedules set up by Gesell and in their scoring usage. Most studies of these tests give them small credit for later predictive value, stating their value lies in neurologic and intellectual evaluation of the infant at the time of testing, rather than any agreement with later tests as the infant matures. Later and more extended evaluation of the test items indicates that if they were treated with modern methods of scoring and standardization they might yield results that would give predictive information about infant development. More precise directions for giving the items is essential. Surely the contributions of these elaborate studies of infants deserve to be absorbed as they have been in our modern analysis of infant behavior.
Modafinil: past, present and future

Modafinil is a novel wake-promoting agent approved for the treatment of excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy that holds significant promise as an alternative treatment to traditional psychostimulants for excessive fatigue associated with medical and psychiatric disorders and as augmentation medication for treatment-resistant depression.
Measuring the impact of a domestic violence coordinated response team

The police have been given the responsibility of the first response to domestic violence. Their performance in this role has been inconsistent and often inadequate. While many departments have the capacity to improve their response, the police acting alone are often poorly staffed and ill equipped to provide purposeful, proactive change. This study examines the efficacy of a domestic violence coordinated response team pilot project. In an effort to improve the police response and to reduce repeat incidents among intimate partners, this project teamed uniformed police officers and victim advocates as first responders/follow‐up investigators, and augmented them with personnel from probation, parole and corrections services. The pilot project concentrated exclusively on violence between intimate partners. Over 18,000 domestic violence calls for service were reviewed. Evaluators identified and extracted over 4,000 bona fide intimate partner domestic violence cases. The study found the specialized domestic violence unit performed significantly better than the control district. Higher arrest, prosecution and conviction rates resulted from cases initiated by the specialized unit. Factors impacting performance of the unit are explored and observations made concerning evaluation difficulties and strategies.
Consistent model reduction of experimental modal parameters for reduced-order control

The problem of synthesizing reduced-order linear models of vibrating structures for the design of fixed-order dynamic feedback control is investigated. The present technique builds on a recently developed procedure for constructing an objective set of mass and stiffness matrices from measured modal parameters that are akin to the Craig-Bampton synthesized matrices obtained from finite element models (FEMs). The constructed mass and stiffness matrices are determined directly from the identification of experimental data, however, rather than through correlation or reconciliation of a FEM. A model truncation criterion is then applied to the identified minimum-order mass and stiffness model to satisfy certain observability/controllability requirements for the reduced model. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique for synthesizing reducedorder controllers from system realizations of experimental data. The dynamic performance of the resulting closedloop models is assessed using the known full-order structural dynamics and compared with existing model reduction techniques.
Comparison of depressive symptoms between homebound older adults and ambulatory older adults.

Due to the social isolation imposed by chronic illness and functional limitations, homebound older adults are more vulnerable to depression than their mobility-unimpaired peers. In this study, we compared 81 low-income homebound older adults, aged 60 and older, with their 130 ambulatory peers who attended senior centers, with respect to their depressive symptoms, depression risk and protective factors, and self-reported coping strategies. Even controlling for sociodemographics, health problems, and other life stressors, being homebound, as opposed to participating in senior centers, was significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms. However, when the coping resources–social support and engagement in frequent physical exercise, in particular–were added to the regression model, the homebound state was no longer a significant factor, showing that the coping resources buffered the effect of the homebound state on depressive symptoms. In terms of self-reported coping strategies, even among the depressed respondents, only a small proportion sought professional help, and that was largely limited to consulting their regular physician and social workers, who may not have had professional training in mental health interventions.
The Belief Illusion

I offer a new argument for the elimination of ‘beliefs’ from cognitive science based on Wimsatt’s ([1981]) concept of robustness and a related concept of fragility. Theoretical entities are robust if multiple independent means of measurement produce invariant results in detecting them. Theoretical entities are fragile when multiple independent means of detecting them produce highly variant results. I argue that sufficiently fragile theoretical entities do not exist. Recent studies in psychology show radical variance between what self-report and non-verbal behaviour indicate about participants’ beliefs. This is evidence that ‘belief’ is fragile, and is thus a strong candidate for elimination.
Introduction to the 31st Annual IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium

The eight papers in this special issue were originally presented at the 2009 Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium, held in Greensboro, North Carolina, October 11-14, 2009.
Temporal and Spatial Gain in Stimulated Light Scattering

The theory of scattered light waves with exponential temporal and spatial gain is investigated in the linearized approximation for a number of different cases of material excitation. Regions of weakly coupled gain (the rate-equation approximation) and strongly coupled gain are found. A group velocity for the scattered wave is introduced to facilitate the analysis. Gain is found for the case where the material excitations lose their uncoupled character.
Activity and cyclic AMP-dependent regulation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ gene expression in primary neuronal and astrocyte cultures.

Abstract: The regulation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) gene expression by neuronal activity and by activation of the cyclic AMP signaling pathway in primary neuronal and astroglial cultures is described. Neuronal activity mimicked by veratridine-mediated depolarization profoundly increased N/OFQ gene expression in primary striatal neurons. Calcium entry through L-type, but not N-type, voltage-sensitive calcium channels activated by depolarization appears to be involved, because nitrendipine and nifedipine, but not ω-conotoxin, reduced the induction of N/OFQ expression by veratridine. A selective inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin kinases (KN-62) also antagonized the depolarization-induced increase in N/OFQ mRNA levels, suggesting a role for these enzymes in the activity-dependent induction of N/OFQ gene expression. Constitutively expressed transcription factors may mediate N/OFQ gene expression levels, because veratridine induction of N/OFQ transcription was insensitive to the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Regulation of N/OFQ gene expression by depolarization and cyclic AMP is not restricted to striatal neurons, because similar regulation was also observed in neuronal cultures derived from the cerebral cortex. Veratridine did not increase N/OFQ mRNA levels in primary astrocyte cultures; however, elevated intracellular cyclic AMP levels lead to a dramatic, 30-fold induction of N/OFQ mRNA levels in these cells.
Alternative method for exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian describing a two-level system coupled to a bose gas with an Einstein spectrum

A simple method is described which exactly diagonalizes the Hamiltonian describing a two-level system coupled to a Bose gas with an Einstein spectrum. The method is based on a separation of the boson field into two mutually orthogonal (and commuting) parts, one of which corresponds to the bound spectrum, the other corresponds to the continuous spectrum. It is also shown that such an additive, linear, field-splitting method is inadequate for the case of a nonconstant spectrum.
From Robots to Techno Sapiens: Ethics, Law and Public Policy in the Development of Robotics and Neurotechnologies

The specific ethical and legal challenges posed by robotics must be considered within the context of the broader societal impact of emerging technologies. The public is generally fascinated by new technologies, and perceives technology as an engine of both promise and productivity. But there is also considerable disquiet as to whether we are surrendering the future to a juggernaut of change that will decimate cherished values and institutions. This disquiet is evident in the worldwide prohibition on human cloning, restrictions upon the sale of genetically modified foods in the EU, controversy regarding research using embryonic stem cells in the US, and international regulations prohibiting athletes from using human growth hormones and drugs that enhance performance. Technological innovation offers countless rewards, but also poses dangers that are difficult to predict. How will humanity navigate the promise and perils of the bio-tech, info-tech and nanotech revolution? The various fields (genomics, synthetic biology, nanotechnology, information technology and robotics, regenerative medicine, and neuroscience) that are contributing to this revolution overlap and converge. The overlap and convergence of research in neuroscience and artificial intelligence will be given particular attention in this article. Computational neuroscience has become an important tool for revealing information processing properties of various structures within the nervous system. Computer simulations provide laboratories for testing various theories about mental activity. Findings in neuroscience inform strategies for developing discrete cognitive capabilities in AI. The computational theory of mind drives hypotheses regarding the likelihood of reproducing human intelligence artificially. In turn, critics of the contention that mental activity can
A sufficient condition for continuity of optimal sets in mathematical programming

Abstract This paper develops a sufficient condition for continuity (as opposed to upper semicontinuity) of the optimal set of a mathematical program. Applications to the theory of economic choice are discussed.
A Multiprogrammed Operating System for Nuclear Physics Data Acquisition

A multiprogrammed operating system for nuclear physics data acquisition has been developed as part of a Yale/IBM Joint Study. The system supports multiple users in a fully protected environment. Features of the system include dynamic storage allocation, a fully reentrant supervisor, language and device independence, dynamic priorities, virtual device utilities, and extensive inter-task communication facilities. An application example is presented.
Rate Distortion Bounds for Voice and Video

Numerous voice, still image, audio, and video compression standards have been developed over the last 25 years, and significant advances in the state of the art have been achieved. However, in the more than 50 years since Shannon's seminal 1959 paper, no rate distortion bounds for voice and video have been forthcoming. In this volume, we present the first rate distortion bounds for voice and video that actually lower bound the operational rate distortion performance of the best-performing voice and video codecs. The bounds indicate that improvements in rate distortion performance of approximately 50% over the best-performing voice and video codecs are possible. Research directions to improve the new bounds are discussed.
k-Nearest Neighbor Based Consistent Entropy Estimation for Hyperspherical Distributions

A consistent entropy estimator for hyperspherical data is proposed based on the k-nearest neighbor (knn) approach. The asymptotic unbiasedness and consistency of the estimator are proved. Moreover, cross entropy and Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence estimators are also discussed. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of the estimators for models including uniform and von Mises-Fisher distributions. The proposed knn entropy estimator is compared with the moment based counterpart via simulations. The results show that these two methods are comparable.
Immediate tracheal extubation following liver transplantation: Fast track in liver transplantation: 5 years' experience. Biancofiore G, Bindi ML, Romanelli AM, Boldrini A, Bisà M, Esposito M, Urbani L, Catalano G, Mosca F, Filipponi F. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005;22:584–590.

Background and objective: Reducing postoperative mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing liver transplantation may have clinical and organizational advantages. On the basis of our experience, we here evaluate the possibility of practising immediate tracheal extubation in the operating theatre. Methods: In this prospective study, patients consecutively undergoing liver transplantation between 1 June 1999 and 31 May 2004 were extubated in the operating theatre at the end of surgery on the basis of standardized and universally accepted criteria, under conditions of haemodynamic and metabolic stability. Results: Two hundred and seven of the 354 patients (58.5%) were extubated immediately after the completion of the surgical procedure (mean time between end of surgery and extubation: 0.4±1.4 min); two were re-intubated. In the last of the 5 yr of the study, the percentage of immediate extubations increased to 82.5%. During the study period, there was a progressive increase in the number of immediate extubations per individual member of the team of anaesthetists. The pre-transplant Child-Pugh severity of the underlying liver disease did not predict rapid extubation, but the Model for End-stage Liver Disease score of < 11 did (receiver operator characteristic area under the curve= 0.61; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Immediate extubation after liver transplantation is possible in a substantial percentage of cases; confidence, habit and a spirit of emulation are decisive factors in encouraging anaesthetists to extend this practice to the largest possible number of patients. A successful immediate extubation may be an important indicator of perioperative quality of care in liver transplantation.
Renal excretion of protein in adrena-lectomized dogs treated with various adrenal cortical hormones.

The excretion of urinary protein was studied in four adrenalectomized dogs given different types and levels of adrenal cortical hormone replacement. Distinctive changes in the levels of serum proteins as well as changes in serum electrolytes were associated with only minor alterations in the rate of urine protein excretion. An increase in the clearance of globulins during the period of high cortisone dosage was noted. This was due to diminished serum concentrations of this fraction while the excretion rate remained constant. These data suggest that the adrenal cortical hormones play a minor role in the regulation renal protein excretion by the normal dog.
Misregulation of Stromelysin-1 Expression in Mouse Mammary Tumor Cells Accompanies Acquisition of Stromelysin-1-dependent Invasive Properties

Stromelysin-1 is a member of the metalloproteinase family of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes that regulates tissue remodeling. We previously established a transgenic mouse model in which rat stromelysin-1 targeted to the mammary gland augmented expression of endogenous stromelysin-1, disrupted functional differentiation, and induced mammary tumors. A cell line generated from an adenocarcinoma in one of these animals and a previously described mammary tumor cell line generated in culture readily invaded both a reconstituted basement membrane and type I collagen gels, whereas a nonmalignant, functionally normal epithelial cell line did not. Invasion of Matrigel by tumor cells was largely abolished by metalloproteinase inhibitors, but not by inhibitors of other proteinase families. Inhibition experiments with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides revealed that Matrigel invasion of both cell lines was critically dependent on stromelysin-1 expression. Invasion of collagen, on the other hand, was reduced by only 40-50%. Stromelysin-1 was expressed in both malignant and nonmalignant cells grown on plastic substrata. Its expression was completely inhibited in nonmalignant cells, but up-regulated in tumor cells, in response to Matrigel. Thus misregulation of stromelysin-1 expression appears to be an important aspect of mammary tumor cell progression to an invasive phenotype.
Armor configurations via dynamic programming

The problem of selecting materials, their thicknesses and order for armor designed for the defeat of shaped charge threats, has been formulated as a constrained optimization problem. The mathematical model provides an optimal order and thickness of each layer of material such that the resulting armor configuration will be of minimum mass per unit area subject to constraints on total thickness and shaped charge jet tip exit velocity.
Use of Video-assisted Intubation Devices in the Management of Patients with Trauma

Patients with trauma may have airways that are difficult to manage. Patients with blunt trauma are at increased risk of unrecognized cervical spine injury, especially patients with head trauma. Manual in-line stabilization reduces cervical motion and should be applied whenever a cervical collar is removed. All airway interventions cause some degree of cervical spine motion. Flexible fiberoptic intubation causes the least cervical motion of all intubation approaches, and rigid video laryngoscopy provides a good laryngeal view and eases intubation difficulty. In emergency medicine departments, video laryngoscopy use is growing and observational data suggest an improved success rate compared with direct laryngoscopy.
Magnetotransport properties of mesoscopic graphite spin valves

We report the magnetoresistance (MR) properties of quasi-two-dimensional mesoscopic graphite (MG) spin valve devices consisting of MG flakes contacted by ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes. For devices in which an ultrathin magnesium oxide $(\mathrm{MgO})$ tunnel barrier is inserted at the FM/MG interface, the spin valve effect has been observed, with MR magnitudes up to 12% at $7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and signals persisting up to temperatures as high as $60\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. In contrast, the spin valve effect has not been seen in devices without $\mathrm{MgO}$, suggesting the importance of spin-dependent interfacial resistance for spin injection into MG. In addition, an investigation of the voltage bias dependence and gate voltage dependence of MR has been performed.
Simplifying biological complexity

There are huge and growing opportunities for fruitful interactions between physicists and biologists. Understanding how key components of a biological system interact across organizational levels is a major challenge, requiring an intimate link between theory and biological data.
Replication of Avian Sarcoma Virus In Vivo Requires an Interaction between the Viral RNA and the TψC Loop of the tRNATrp Primer

Reverse transcription in avian sarcoma virus (ASV) initiates from the 3' end of a tRNA(Trp) primer, which anneals near the 5' end of the RNA genome. The region around the primer-binding site (PBS) forms an elaborate stem structure composed of the U5-inverted repeat (U5-IR) stem, the U5-leader stem, and the association of the tRNA primer with the PBS. There is evidence for an additional interaction between the viral U5 RNA and the T psi C loop of the tRNA(Trp) (U5-T psi C). We now demonstrate that this U5-T psi C interaction is necessary for efficient replication of ASV in culture. By randomizing specific biologically relevant regions of the viral RNA, thereby producing a library of mutant viruses, we are able to select, through multiple rounds of infection, those sequences imparting survival fitness to the virus. Randomizing the U5-T psi C interaction region of the viral RNA results in selection of largely wild-type sequences after five rounds of infection. Also recovered are mutant viruses that maintain their ability to base pair with the T psi C loop of the tRNA(Trp). To prove this interaction is specific to the tRNA primer, we constructed a second library, in which we altered the PBS to anneal to tRNA(Pro), while simultaneously randomizing the viral RNA U5-T psi C region. After five rounds of infection, the consensus sequence 5'-GPuPuCPy-3' emerged, which is complementary to the 5'-GGTTC-3' sequence found in the T psi C loop of tRNA(Pro). These observations confirm the importance of the U5-T psi C interaction in vivo.
Antiferromagnetic Arrangements in Ferrites

The molecular field treatment of the magnetic properties of ferrites given by N\'eel is extended to take into account the antiferromagnetic exchange interactions within the two magnetic sublattices. On further subdividing the two lattices, we show that the ground state may, (1) have an antiparallel arrangement of the spins on the two sites; or (2) consist of a triangular arrangement of the spins on the sublattices; or (3) have antiferromagnetism in each of the two sites separately. We also show that transitions between various configurations may occur in the same substance at different temperatures, without the assumption of temperature-dependent interactions. Neutron diffraction experiments and specific heat measurements are suggested for the detection of the predicted arrangements.
Active nodal task seeking (ANTS): an approach to high-performance, ultradependable computing

The active nodal task seeking (ANTS) approach to the design of multicomputer systems is named for its basic component: an active nodal task-seeker (ANT). In this system, there is no load balancing or load sharing, instead, each ANT computing node is actively finding out how it can contribute to the execution of the needed tasks. A run-time partition is established such that some of the ANT computing nodes are under exhaustive diagnosis at any given time. An ANTS multicomputer system can achieve a mean time to failure of more than 20 years with just 8 computing nodes and 3 buses, while the minimum requirements are 3 computing nodes and 1 bus, and with a worst case computing node failure rate of 5/spl times/10/sup -4//h. This work has been motivated by the need to develop high-performance multicomputer systems for radar, active and passive sonar, and electronic warfare that can provide ultradependable performance for more than 20 years without field repairs. We argue that high performance is also an attribute of an ANTS computing system, because the overhead of dynamic task scheduling is reduced and because efficient use is made of the available processing resources. >
The genomically mosaic brain: Aneuploidy and more in neural diversity and disease

Genomically identical cells have long been assumed to comprise the human brain, with post-genomic mechanisms giving rise to its enormous diversity, complexity, and disease susceptibility. However, the identification of neural cells containing somatically generated mosaic aneuploidy – loss and/or gain of chromosomes from a euploid complement – and other genomic variations including LINE1 retrotransposons and regional patterns of DNA content variation (DCV), demonstrate that the brain is genomically heterogeneous. The precise phenotypes and functions produced by genomic mosaicism are not well understood, although the effects of constitutive aberrations, as observed in Down syndrome, implicate roles for defined mosaic genomes relevant to cellular survival, differentiation potential, stem cell biology, and brain organization. Here we discuss genomic mosaicism as a feature of the normal brain as well as a possible factor in the weak or complex genetic linkages observed for many of the most common forms of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Natural responses to quaternary climatic change in the greater nevada test site region, U.S.A.

Abstract Many natural processes, particularly those that occur at or near the earth's surface (e.g. erosion, infiltration, soil formation, and plant growth), are influenced or altered by climatic change. Migration of hazardous and radioactive contaminants into and through the environment depends on these natural processes. Climatic fluctuations can affect the nature, magnitude, and rate of these processes. In any long-term environmental evaluation of natural processes, responses to climatic change must be considered. Four generalized categories of natural responses to Quaternary climatic change are recognized for the greater Nevada Test Site (NTS) region of southern Nevada and adjacent California: (1) biologic, (2) geomorphic, (3) hydrologic (including surface and subsurface), and (4) pedologic/diagenetic. Specific examples that correspond to the four categories illustrate the broad range of complex natural processes that are affected by climatic change. These responses dictate the potential effect of climatic change on waste isolation and contaminant transport. This effect is being examined by existing and planned environmental-restoration and waste-management programs within the region. Regulatory requirements for many of these programs include long-term (>10,000-year) waste isolation because of radiologic components. An overview is presented of the slowly growing data base of the complex relationships between climate and natural processes that must be considered in performance and risk assessments for environmental programs in this region. Limitations in and inconsistencies between various data sets are noted, as appropriate. In particular, better quantified estimates or ranges of estimates of magnitudes and rates are commonly needed for these processes and responses. These estimates allow climatic change and related responses to be incorporated explicitly into conceptual and numerical models and into performance and risk assessments of the various environmental-restoration and waste-management programs within the greater NTS region.
Thermodynamic modeling of the Cr-Pd and Mo-Pd systems

To assist the quantitative design of ultra-high strength (UHS) quantum steels containing Pd, a set of self-consistent thermodynamic model parameters is presented to describe the phase equilibria of the Cr-Pd and Mo-Pd systems. These thermodynamic parameters are of importance to control the kinetics of solid-solid phase transformations, such as martensitic transformation, and precipitation of M2C carbide and austenite, relevant to the design of UHS steels in the Fe-C-Co-Cr-Mo-Ni-Pd system. The present thermodynamic modeling complements our previous report on the thermodynamic modeling of the Co-Pd, Fe-Pd, and Ni-Pd systems to facilitate quantitative design of UHS quantum steels.
Total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy for T4 laryngeal cancer: a 14-year review.

Abstract Objective The most appropriate treatment of locally advanced carcinoma of the larynx remains to be ascertained. Management of T4 laryngeal cancer patients with postoperative radiotherapy after total laryngectomy is generally advocated and not often debated. However, the effects of this combined treatment approach are poorly documented. We reviewed the oncologic outcome and long-term survival of individuals treated by total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy (TLPR) for T4 carcinoma of the larynx. Methods Twenty-eight patients with a pathologic diagnosis of T4 laryngeal cancer treated by TLPR during a 14-year period were studied retrospectively. Median follow-up from treatment until the end of observation was 36 months (range 6 to 123 months). Results The overall actuarial and disease-free survival rates at 7 years were 43% and 30%, respectively. Local recurrence, regional relapse, and distant metastasis developed in 4%, 4%, and 7% of the cases, respectively. Later esophageal stricture, dental caries, or carotid artery disease in 3 patients (11%) was successfully managed. Multivariate analysis showed patient age, bilateral true vocal cord-anterior commissure involvement by laryngeal cancer (horse-shoe lesion), and any type of treatment failure to be the most predictive variables affecting prognosis. Conclusion Long-term disease control and survival is achievable by TLPR with minimal late toxicity in patients with T4 carcinoma of the larynx.
Use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: Results of a current survey

To evaluate the current use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in the treatment of coronary artery disease, 50 operators experienced in angioplasty (mean experience 949 ± 706 cases) were surveyed. Although the use of angioplasty is still skewed toward less extensive disease (80% of 1-, 64% of 2- and 39% of 3-vessel disease), it is now estimated that 39 ± 16% of patients undergoing diagnostic angiography are ultimately referred for PTCA, whereas only 28 ± 13% are referred to bypass surgery. PTCA thus accounts for 58% of revascularization. Although approximately half of current PTCA patients are clinical candidates for bypass surgery, much of the growth of angioplasty has consisted of treating patients who are either too high a risk for bypass, or who have symptoms with medical therapy that are too mild to warrant surgery. Whereas elective procedures for stable angina (60 ± 18%) are still the predominant indication for PTCA, a substantial fraction of procedures are performed for unstable angina (27 ± 10%) or for acute myocardial infarction (13 ± 15%). Despite a 91% current success rate, 9% of cases are unsuccessful, including 3% in which emergency bypass surgery is required. The most common reasons for unsuccessful procedures are failure to cross the lesion with a wire or balloon (52%), failure to dilate the lesion (4%), and abrupt closure of the dilated segment (44%) due predominantly to extensive local dissection. These data, based on a pooled experience of some 46,000 PTCA procedures, offer a unique glimpse into the current expanded application of this technique.
Quantitation of proteins in the femtomole range by hemagglutination using an electronic particle counter.

Abstract By using an electronic particle counter equipped with two counting channels, it is possible to simultaneously count total particles and agglutinated particles in an erythrocyte population. Using these two parameters, an empirically useful measure of the degree of agglutination in a sample (the agglutination index) can be generated. This method has been used to accurately and precisely determine human serum IgG concentrations in an inhibition of hemagglutination assay. As little as 1 μg/ml of IgG could be measured in this way. Agglutination and inhibition of agglutination assays with other systems indicate that this method will be widely applicable.
COHORT ANALYSIS OF RECENT TRENDS IN LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION

The age-period-cohort accounting framework is used to describe labor force participation patterns for the sex-color groups over the interval 1969–1979, using data from the March Current Population Survey. A model with a special type of age-period interaction, in addition to main effects of the three indexing variables, is presented as a means of capturing the transitory period “shocks” which differentially influence participation odds for young and old age groups. Findings show that younger cohorts of nonblack men, nonblack women, and black women have greater “intrinsic” tendencies to participate than older cohorts, while younger cohorts of black men have lesser “intrinsic” tendencies to participate than older cohorts. The results are used to decompose across-time change into a part due to cohort effects and a part due to period effects.
On An Application of Switching Circuit Analysis to Concurrent Test Validation

A method of analysis of relations between performance and patterns of decision criteria for a test battery (pass-fail) using Boolean switching circuit theory is presented. The method does not require assumptions of additivity, linearity or independence, usually required by profile and/or regression methods and deals equally well with nominal as well as scaled data.
WHO calls for stronger action to reduce health risks from climate change.

The World Health Organization has called for more concerted action worldwide to reduce the health risks associated with climate change. Backed by scientific experts at its first conference on health and climate change, held in Geneva on 27-29 August, WHO also said that effective mitigation and adaptation could benefit global public health significantly. The organisation’s director general, Margaret Chan, told more than 300 delegates at the conference that current debates were not giving enough attention to the “profound effects that climate variables have on health.” “The evidence is overwhelming; climate change endangers human health,” Chan said. “Solutions exist and we need to act decisively to change this trajectory.” WHO has estimated that climate change could cause about 250 000 additional deaths a year from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea, and heat stress from 2030 to 2050. It …
Anisotropy in photonic crystals and plasmonic materials

We propose to use 2D photonic crystal as a substrate in plasmonic devices. Due to strong anisotropy of the substrate, the propagation range of surface plasmon increases as compared to the case of isotropic substrate.
Applied Psychophysiology and Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Sex Offenders1

Abstract This article presents an application of applied psychophysiological and cognitive and behavioral strategies to the treatment of sex offenders. The participants were 21 sex offenders treated as outpatients at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in White River Junction, Vermont. A repeated-case-study format was used. Because hyperventilation destabilizes the autonomic nervous system (disrupting and/or preventing erection and other aspects of male sexual arousal) and dramatically changes brain function (degrading train of thought and shifting neuroendocrine function), clients were taught to hyperventilate in response to thoughts and images of the targets of their illegal behavior. Psychophysiological indices included skin conductance and penile plethysmograph. Participants were treated in six individual sessions, and most have been followed up for more than 2 years. Results show that with motivated clients, this procedure produces convincing, positive results.
Experimental signature for black hole production in neutrino air showers

The existence of extra degrees of freedom beyond the electroweak scale may allow the formation of black holes in nearly horizontal neutrino air showers. In this paper we examine the average properties of the light descendants of these black holes. Our analysis indicates that black hole decay gives rise to deeply penetrating showers with an electromagnetic component which differs substantially from that in conventional neutrino interactions, allowing a good characterization of the phenomenon against background. Naturally occurring black holes in horizontal neutrino showers could be detected and studied with the Auger air shower array. Since the expected black hole production rate at Auger is $g1$ event/year, this cosmic ray observatory could be potentially powerful in probing models with extra dimensions and TeV-scale gravity.
On the Control Allocation for Coordinated Ground Vehicle Dynamics Control Systems

This paper presents a new control allocation scheme for advanced coordinated vehicle dynamics control (CVDC) that takes into account vehicle operating condition and tire-surface friction coefficient. Individual tire slip and slip angles are selected as the control variables to resolve the inherent tire force nonlinear constraints. A real-time adaptable accelerated fixed-point (AFP) method is proposed to solve the magnitude and rate constrained quadratic programming control allocation (CA) problem. It could achieve faster convergence rates when control variable saturations occur. The performance of this control allocation approach is evaluated for adverse driving conditions simulated using the CarSimreg vehicle simulation package.
Fast image search using a multiscale stochastic model

Searching an image for the occurrence of a pattern or a template is an essential step in a number of image processing applications. We propose a new multiresolution matching criterion based on the generalized log likelihood ratio. We also developed a multiscale search technique which facilitates finding the best solution by searching a small subset of the entire set of possible template locations. The search technique is designed to keep the amount of computation at each resolution approximately the same. The results obtained on our example images demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the matching criterion along with a speed-up of over two orders of magnitude by the search technique.
Almost everywhere convergence of convolution powers

Given an ergodic dynamical system (X,B,m, τ) and a probability measure μ on the integers, define for all f ∈ L1(X) The almost everywhere convergence of the convolution powers μnf(x) depends on the properties of μ. If μ has finite and then for all f ∈ Lp(X), 1< p < ∞, exists for a.e. x. However, if m2(μ) is finite and E(μ)≠0, then there exists E∈B such that a.e. and a.e. In the case when m2(μ) is infinite and E(μ)=0 we give examples for which we have divergence and other examples which show convergence is possible.
Occupational Stress, Satisfaction, Physical Well Being, and Coping: A Study of Homemakers:

A number of major studies of occupational stress have examined purportedly highly stressful jobs such as air traffic controllers, police officers, and military personnel. Little is known about the stress, satisfaction, and physical well-being associated with the job of homemaking. The present study examined the question: Are homemaking tasks more stressful, less satisfying, and more physically upsetting for full-time or part-time homemakers? A total of 307 randomly selected full-time and part-time homemakers answered the research question. In general, full-time homemakers are more stressed by children, domestic work conditions, and role issues than part-time homemakers. The part-time homemakers were more stressed by the lack of sharing in tasks exhibited by spouses or others than were the full-time homemakers. Generally both groups were satisfied (measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire) with the homemaker job. A few differences were found in physical health and well being but no distinct pat...
The Influence of Aggressors’ Characteristics on Teachers’ Responses to Physical and Relational Aggression

In the present study, middle school teachers responded to written vignettes describing physical and relational aggressive incidents. The aggressors were male or female children committing an aggressive act against same-sex peers, who were also described as good or bad. Among the results, teachers rated female physical aggression as more serious and deserving of more severe punishment than male physical and relational aggression. Bad students’ aggression was rated as more serious and warranting more severe punishment than was good students’ aggression. However, teachers also rated good students’ physically aggressive behavior as more serious and warranting more severe forms of punishment than their relationally aggressive behavior. Results are discussed in relation to previous findings on teachers’ responses to students’ aggression.
Signalling cascades that modulate the activity of sodium channels in sensory neurons

It is well established that inflammatory mediators can heighten the sensitivity to a variety of different modalities of sensory stimulation. Early work demonstrated that inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E2, serotonin, or nerve growth factor, lower the threshold to nociceptive stimuli in animal models of pain. Later work has shown that a large part of this enhanced sensitivity results directly from the altered sensitivity or excitability of the sensory neurons themselves. All of these inflammatory mediators are known to act via membrane receptors, and it comes as no surprise that nociceptive sensory neurons express many of these receptors. Ligand binding to these receptors results in the activation of downstream signalling cascades which can ultimately regulate or modulate the activity of ion channels that are critical in setting the state of excitability in sensory neurons. This review will focus on the signalling cascades that modulate the activity of voltage-dependent sodium channels that give rise to the augmented sensitivity to various kinds of stimuli. This alteration in the sensitivity or threshold will be referred to as sensitization. In addition to modulation of channel activity, another important mechanism that can modify the state of excitability is the transcriptional change that leads to alterations in the levels of expression for different ion channels. Several recent reviews have discussed the changes in sodium channel expression after different types of nerve injury, such as that arising after neuropathic or inflammatory pain states ([1–9] and Chapter by J.J. Clare, this volume), therefore such observations regarding sodium channels will not be discussed.
God Save This Honorable Court: Religion as a Source of Judicial Policy Preferences

If Supreme Court behavior is structured largely by the policy preferences of the justices, political scientists ought to consider the source of those preferences. Religion is one force that can str...
In Situ Kinetics Studies in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

We report results of polarization measurements resolved for the negative and positive electrodes of vanadium redox batteries (VRBs) using a dynamic hydrogen electrode in an operating battery cell. Electrochemical experiments with symmetric electrolyte feeds were also performed. Greater kinetic polarization is observed at the negative (V3/2+) electrode compared to the positive electrode (V5/4+), in contrast with previously reported ex situ measurements. For the positive electrode, the polarization in the low-current regime was modest and was not kinetically controlled. The relative rates of reaction are a surprise since it might be expected that the V3/2+ redox reaction is a simple outer-sphere electron transfer.
Thermodynamic Benefit of Abnormal Grain Growth in Pore Elimination During Sintering

Free-energy analyses performed on closed particle-pore arrays show that the presence of an abnormal grain thermodynamically favors the shrinkage of large pores to which is is adjacent. This gives an explanation to the experimentally observed phenomenon of abnormal-grain-growth-promoted densification in barium titanate.
Designing Precipitation-Strengthened Iron-Aluminides for High-Temperature Applications

A combination of minor solutes was added to an Fe{sub 3}Al-type base alloy (Fe--28%Al--6%Cr--0.05%B) to produce carbide precipitates. These solutes reacted to produce coarse Ti-rich MC and Cr- and Mo-rich M{sub 6}C precipitates during fabrication at 650--1000{degree}C. X-ray diffraction of hot-worked material revealed a significant amount of the higher-temperature B2 phase is retained at room temperature, indicating that the D0{sub 3} {leftrightarrow} B2 phase transformation was retarded. During subsequent heat-treatments, the coarse carbides partially dissolved during annealing at 1100--1200{degree}C, and no grain coarsening was observed at temperatures up to 1200{degree}C. Specimens annealed for 1h at 1250{degree}C and quenched exhibited fine carbide precipitates both along some of the dislocations and at grain boundaries. The annealed and quenched specimens also contained many fine dislocation loops which coarsened and evolved into networks during further aging at 750{degree}C for 1--10h. Tensile testing at 600{degree}C showed improvements in strength and ductility of annealed and aged material relative to the hot-worked condition. Correlation of microstructural behavior with tensile properties changes supports the idea that microstructural control can be used to develop better high-temperature strength in the B2 phase. However, more data is needed on the combinations of alloying and heat-treating which produce fine, stable matrix carbidemore » dispersions in iron-aluminides. 12 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.« less
SECONDARY FLOW EFFECTS IN DIAGONAL MHD CHANNELS.

DETAILED three-dimensional calculations are made to study the generation of secondary flows in conductingand insulating-sidewall diagonal channels. The secondary flows are found to diminish the velocity overshoots, to promote flow and momentum mixing, and to introduce flow asymmetry. The secondary flows also introduce asymmetry in the peripheral variations of skin friction and heat flux on the cathode, anode, and sidewalls. Contents The flowfield in the diagonal MHD channel is modeled by the parabolic form of the three-dimensional, compressible, turbulent Navier-Stokes equations.1 The parabolic flow assumption imposes three restrictions on the analysis: 1) no flow reversal in the predominant (axial) flow direction; 2) negligible diffusion of heat and momentum in the axial direction; and 3) weak influence of the downstream pressure field on the upstream flow conditions. The turbulence field is described by the two-equation K-e model. Maxwell equations together with Ohm's law are used to solve for the electric field and current density. For the sake of economy in computation time, the assumption of infinitely fine electrode segmentation is introduced.2 Under this assumption, the three-dimensional potential \l/ can be represented in the terms of two-dimension al potentials, 7 and 2:
Effects of chromaticities and occlusion of shaft on magnitude of the Müller-Lyer illusion.

The magnitude of the Muller-Lyer illusion was investigated using the Brentano figure by varying the chromaticities of the shaft and the fins along the cone-excitation axes and by varying the occlusion status of the shaft by the fins. 72 college students participated using the staircase method. The stimuli whose shaft and the fin chromaticities were the same produced larger illusions than stimuli with different chromaticities regardless of the luminance contrast between the figure and the surround. When the shaft appeared in front of the fins, the illusion effect was stronger than when the shaft was occluded by the fins.