cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple subcutaneous angiolipomas associated with new-onset diabetes mellitus.

A 44-year-old Hispanic man, with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cerebrovascular accident, presented to the Mount Sinai Department of Dermatology with sudden, fast-growing nodules over both of his shins. Approximately 2 months before the appearance of the nodules, the patient was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 8.5%. The patient was taking metformin orally, 500 mg three times daily, at the time of presentation. Six nodules appeared over a period of days. They caused a burning, throbbing pain upon ambulation. Over a period of 6 months, the lumps decreased in size, and two totally disappeared. The resolution of the nodules coincided with the control of the patient's diabetes, as demonstrated by HbA1c of 5.5%. The patient denied trauma to the sites of the nodules. The patient denied any associated purpura or ecchymoses over the nodules. The past medical history was significant for a stroke with residual right hemiparesis at 42 years of age. The family history was negative for similar lesions, but an aunt did have diabetes mellitus type 2. The patient denied alcohol use, smoking, or intravenous drug use. Physical examination was positive for six soft, tender, freely mobile, symmetrical, well-demarcated, round masses, 1–2 cm in diameter and skin colored, over the anterior aspects of both legs. The patient was obese (body mass index, 38.5). Laboratory tests (barring the initially elevated HbA1c) were normal. One lesion was excised. Histopathology revealed features typical of an angiolipoma (see Fig. 1a,b). A karyotype of the angiolipoma was not performed. Figure 1. (a) Prominent vessels filled with fibrin thrombi at the periphery of mature fat lobules. (b) At higher magnification Because excision of one angiolipoma produced scarring with a poor cosmetic result, intralesional triamcinolone, 5 mg/mL, was tried without success.
Improved color matching of metal ceramic restorations. Part II: Procedures for visual communication.

Abstract Most ceramic restorations are fabricated in a location remote from the dental office. Successful fabrication of matching life-like ceramic restorations necessitates a collaborative effort between the dentist and the ceramist. To meet the demands for visual communication of shade and surface texture, the following steps are recommended.
Personality predictors of bulimic behavior and attitudes in males

This study was an investigation of personality factors associated with bulimic behaviors and attitudes in males. Various measures that have been noted as predictors of female bulimia were tested on 96 college students. Chronic dietary restraint and interoceptive awareness were the strongest predictors of more maladaptive eating patterns. The results suggest that maladaptive eating patterns in males and females may share a common set of features.
Flight critical system design guidelines and validation methods

Efforts being expended at NASA-Langley to define a validation methodology, techniques for comparing advanced systems concepts, and design guidelines for characterizing fault tolerant digital avionics are described with an emphasis on the capabilities of AIRLAB, an environmentally controlled laboratory. AIRLAB has VAX 11/750 and 11/780 computers with an aggregate of 22 Mb memory and over 650 Mb storage, interconnected at 256 kbaud. An additional computer is programmed to emulate digital devices. Ongoing work is easily accessed at user stations by either chronological or key word indexing. The CARE III program aids in analyzing the capabilities of test systems to recover from faults. An additional code, the semi-Markov unreliability program (SURE) generates upper and lower reliability bounds. The AIRLAB facility is mainly dedicated to research on designs of digital flight-critical systems which must have acceptable reliability before incorporation into aircraft control systems. The digital systems would be too costly to submit to a full battery of flight tests and must be initially examined with the AIRLAB simulation capabilities.
Associated leukemia and mixed gem cell tumor in a patient with gonadal dysgenesis

A 16-year-old phenotypic female developed acute myeloblastic leukemia with a fulminant course very shortly after surgery and chemotherapy for a mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary. The karyotype (46, XY, 47, XY + 8) suggested de novo rather than therapy-associated leukemia. The relationship between germ cell tumors and leukemia, their common yolk sac derivation and the role of the Y chromosome are discussed. The idea that XY gonadal dysgenesis may be familial also is discussed.
On the effect of inexact size information in size based policies

Recently, there have been a number of scheduling success stories in computer applications. Across a wide array of applications, the simple heuristic of "prioritizing small jobs" has been used to reduce user response times with enormous success. For instance, variants of Shortest-Remaining-Processing-Time (SRPT) and Preemptive-Shortest-Job-First (PSJF) have been suggested for use in web servers [5, 12], wireless applications [6], and databases [8]. As a result of the attention given to size based policies by computer systems researchers, there has been a resurgence in analytical work studying these policies. However, the policies studied in theory, e.g. SRPT and PSJF, are idealized versions of the policies implemented by practitioners. In particular, the intricacies of computer systems force the use of complex hybrid policies in practice, though these more complex policies are still built around the heuristic of "prioritizing small jobs." Thus, there exists a gap between the results provided by theoretical research and the needs of practitioners. This gap results from three primary disconnects between the model studied in theory and the needs of system designers. First, in designing systems, the goal is not simply to provide small response times; other performance measures are also important. Thus, idealized policies such as SRPT and PSJF are often tweaked by practitioners to perform well on secondary performance measures (e.g. fairness and slowdown) [3, 11, 12]. Second, the overhead involved in distinguishing between an infinite number of different priority classes typically causes system designers to discretize policies such as SRPT and PSJF so that they use only a small number of priority classes (5-10) [5, 11]. Third, in many cases information about the service demands (sizes) of jobs is inexact. For instance, when serving static content, web servers have exact knowledge of the sizes of the files being served, but have inexact knowledge of network conditions. Thus, the web server only has an estimate of the true service demand [7, 12].
Behavior modification with children: An index of reviews

Abstract An index is presented to review articles published in the last 10 yr relating to the use of behavioral methods with children. Eighty-nine reviews identified through computer searches of the psychological, educational and social sciences literature are listed under 36 cross-referenced subject categories.
Evolution of radar reflectivity and total lightning characteristics of the 21 April 2006 mesoscale convective system over Texas

Abstract On 21 April 2006 a mesoscale convective system (MCS) passed within range of the Houston (KHGX) operational Weather Surveillance Radar — 1988 Doppler (WSR-88D, S-band) and the Houston Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) network, which measures the time and three-dimensional location of total, or both intracloud (IC) and cloud-to-ground (CG), lightning. This study documents the evolution of total lightning and radar reflectivity for the 21 April 2006 MCS over Texas, with emphasis on the stratiform region and those processes in the convection region that likely influence stratiform region development. As the MCS traverses the LDAR network, the system slowly matures with a weakening convective line and a developing stratiform region and radar bright band. The area of stratiform precipitation increases by an order of magnitude and mean stratiform radar reflectivity increases by 7–8 dB in the radar bright band and mixed-phase zone (0° to − 10 °C) just above it. As the stratiform region matures, the total lightning pathway slopes rearward and downward from the back of the convective line and into the stratiform region. At early times, the pathway extends horizontally rearward 40 to 50 km into the stratiform region at an altitude of 10 to 12 km. Near the end of the analysis time period, the total lightning pathway slopes rearward 40 km and downward 6 km through the transition zone before extending 40 to 50 km in the stratiform region at an altitude of 5 to 7 km. The sloping pathway likely results from charged ice particles advected from the convective line by storm relative front to rear flow while the level pathway extending further into the stratiform region is likely caused by both charge advection and local in-situ charging. As the stratiform region matures, the stratiform region total lightning flash rate increases and total lightning heights decrease. The percentage of stratiform total lightning flashes originating in the stratiform region increases significantly from 10% to 45%. The number of positive CG flashes in the stratiform region also increases with 73% originating in the convective or transition regions. Both in-situ charging mechanisms created by the development of the mesoscale updraft and charge advection by the front to rear flow likely contribute to the increased electrification and total lightning production of the stratiform region.
Mast Cell-derived Prostaglandin D2 Controls Hyaluronan Synthesis in Human Orbital Fibroblasts via DP1 Activation IMPLICATIONS FOR THYROID EYE DISEASE

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a debilitating disorder characterized by the accumulation of adipocytes and hyaluronan (HA). Production of HA by fibroblasts leads to remarkable increases in tissue volume and to the anterior displacement of the eyes. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), mainly produced by mast cells, promotes orbital fibroblast adipogenesis. The mechanism by which PGD2 influences orbital fibroblasts and their synthesis of HA is poorly understood. We report here that mast cell-derived PGD2 is a key factor that promotes HA biosynthesis by orbital fibroblasts. Primary orbital fibroblasts from TED patients were isolated and used to test the effects of PGD2, prostaglandin J2, as well as prostaglandin D receptor (DP) agonists and antagonists on HA synthesis. The expression of HA synthase (HAS), hyaluronidase, DP1, and DP2 mRNA levels was assessed by PCR. Small interfering RNAs against HAS1 or HAS2 were used to assess the importance of HAS isoforms on HA production. Treatment of human orbital fibroblasts with PGD2 and PGJ2 increased HA synthesis and HAS mRNA. HAS2 was the dominant isoform responsible for HA production by PGD2. The effect of PGD2 on HA production was mimicked by the selective DP1 agonist BW245C. The DP1 antagonist MK-0524 completely blocked PGD2-induced HA synthesis. Human mast cells (HMC-1) produced PGD2. Co-culture of HMC-1 cells with orbital fibroblasts induced HA production and inhibition of mast cell-derived PGD2 prevented HA synthesis. Mast cell-derived PGD2 increased HA production via activation of DP1. Selectively targeting the production of PGD2 and/or activation of DP1 may prevent pathological changes associated with TED.
Tectonic, climatic and lithologic influences on landscape fractal dimension and hypsometry : implications for landscape evolution in the San Gabriel Mountains, California

East-west variation in tectonic activity and strong north-south climatic gradients provide a unique opportunity to study tectonic, climatic and lithologic influences on landscape evolution in the San Gabriel Mountains, California. The competing tendencies of constructive tectonic and degradational climatic effects act against lithologic resistance to influence fluvial systems, and thus the nature of adjacent and nested drainage basins. Landscape fractal dimension (D), a measure of surface roughness over a variety of scales, and the hypsometric integral (I), a measure of the distribution of landmass volume above a reference plane are useful measures of altitudinal variation with scale. As such, they may provide clues as to the relative influences of tectonism, climate and rock type. Topographic analyses of the San Gabriel Mountains clearly indicate that tectonism strongly influences D at range-wavelength scales, while rock-type variation apparently influences D and I at smaller scales. Tectonism is also shown to influence I across the mountain-piedmont junction at all scales investigated. Tectonic activity shows strong negative correlation with both I and D because tectonically active portions of the mountain front do not allow time for much landscape dissection by lower-order streams. Three-dimensional topographic modeling suggests climatic parameters exert a stronger influence on D than does tectonism. This modeling also suggests an inverse correlation between range-scale D and I with varying climate and uplift rate; a positive correlation is observed in the San Gabriel Mountains. We suggest this difference results from (1) differences in uplift style between the San Gabriel Mountains and the models, and/or (2) variation in rock-type erodibility present in the San Gabriel Mountains but which was not modeled. We postulate that the interaction of tectonic, climatic and lithologic parameters influences the stable I and D to which a landscape evolves. Key questions remaining include: (1) the time required to reach a stable I or D after a climatic or tectonic change; (2) what does the fractal nature of topography tell us about the scaling characteristics of major landforming processes; (3) how does climate influence range-scale I and both range- and small-scale D; and (4) what are the effects on I and D of range-scale lithologic variation, both in the models and in real landscapes?
Minimum model error estimation for poorly modeled dynamic systems

A novel strategy (which we call "minimum model error'* estimation) for postexperiment optimal state estimation of discretely measured dynamic systems is developed and illustrated for a simple example. The method is especially appropriate for postexperiment estimation of dynamic systems whose presumed state governing equations are known to contain, or are suspected of containing, errors. The hew method accounts for errors in the system dynamic model equations in a rigorous manner. Specifically, the dynamic model error terms in the proposed method do not require the usual Kalman filter-smoother process noise assumptions of zero-mean, symmetrically distributed random disturbances, nor do they require representation by assumed parameterized time series (such as Fourier series); Instead, the dynamic model error terms require no prior assumptions other than piecewise continuity. Estimates of the state histories, as well as the dynamic model errors, are Obtained as part of the solution of a two-point boundary value problem. The state estimates are continuous and optimal in a global sense, yet the algorithm processes the measurements sequentially. The example demonstrates the method and shows it to be quite accurate for state estimation of a poorly modeled dynamic system.
Simple cognitive modeling in a complex cognitive architecture

Cognitive modeling has evolved into a powerful tool for understanding and predicting user behavior. Higher-level modeling frameworks such as GOMS and its variants facilitate fast and easy model development but are sometimes limited in their ability to model detailed user behavior. Lower-level cognitive architectures such as EPIC, ACT-R, and Soar allow for greater precision and direct interaction with real-world systems but require significant modeling training and expertise. In this paper we present a modeling framework, ACT-Simple, that aims to combine the advantages of both approaches to cognitive modeling. ACT-Simple embodies a "compilation" approach in which a simple description language is compiled down to a core lower-level architecture (namely ACT-R). We present theoretical justification and empirical validation of the usefulness of the approach and framework.
Chinese and American College Students' Body-Image: Perceived Body Shape and Body Affect:

This study examined the differences in the measures of perception of body shape and body affect among Chinese and American college male and female students. 289 Chinese students in China and 180 American students in the United States voluntarily completed the Body-image Questionnaire, comprised of four categories: (a) anthropometric data, (b) self-perception of body shape, (c) body affect, and (d) desired body shape. American students were significantly more likely than Chinese students to perceive their body shapes as being larger, but both Chinese and American students tended to perceive their body shapes accurately. For body affect, both Chinese and American female students who perceived themselves as thin had positive feelings about their bodies, while both groups of female students who perceived themselves as heavy had negative feelings about their bodies. American women were more likely than Chinese women to have negative feelings about their bodies. American students also placed high value on muscu...
Conditional ambiguity of one-dimensional crystal structures determined from a minimum of diffraction intensity data.

When the number of intensities greatly exceeds the number of unknown atomic coordinates, the problem of obtaining a crystal structure from the intensities is overdetermined and, for a sufficiently small structure, a chemically meaningful solution can be found by direct methods. A difficulty in determining a structure has been historically attributed to the non-uniqueness of such a structure owing to multiple, or homometric, structures that yield the same set of intensities. The number of homometric structures has not been rigorously analyzed owing to the complexity of this problem. By using the method of elementary symmetric polynomials with a new origin definition, one-dimensional crystal structures of a small number of identical atoms (N < 5), determined from a minimum (N − 1) of the lowest-resolution intensities, are enumerated. It is demonstrated that such a structure is unique for N ≤ 3. Interestingly, for N = 4, the structure can be determined either uniquely or twofold ambiguously, depending on the intensity values. These results suggest that, even for larger structures, a minimum set of (or not many more) accurately measured intensities can yield a unique structure.
The influence of shelter availability on recruitment and early juvenile survivorship of Lythrypnus dalli Gilbert (Pisces: Gobiidae)

Abstract The bluebanded goby, Lythrypnus dalli Gilbert, is a common inhabitant of rocky subtidal reefs along the coast of southern California. Experiments utilizing artificial habitats indicate that recruitment and early juvenile survivorship are limited by the presence of adult conspecifics and predators. However, the level of effect is strongly influenced by shelter availability. Both adult and predator effects on limiting juvenile density are significantly reduced as the availability of shelters is increased. Susceptibility to predation is greatest among smaller size classes of fish and is likely to result from displacement from shelters by larger fish. Existing population structures probably reflect the availability of adequate shelter sizes and relative competitive abilities among fish.
Characterization, setup, and control of a manufacturing laser ablation tool and process

This paper is a description of the ablation of polyimide with an excimer laser ablation tool in a manufacturing line. The light source is a 150 watt, XeCl (308 nm) gas laser. Two methods of ablating via patterns with the laser tool (full-chip and scan modes) will be discussed, in addition to the tool, set-up, operation and tool/process control.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Wiki Writers: Students and Teachers Making Connections across Communities.

Expressions of delight and anticipation are a direct result of a schoolwide writing program designed by teachers to develop language skills in special education students. These second graders participated in a writing project that made use of wikis to facilitate collaboration among the students, parents, teachers, and university members of their professional development school. Student results on reading benchmark tests showed impressive growth.
Neutrinoless double- β decay in the microscopic interacting boson model

We present a formalism for calculating nuclear matrix elements of double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay within the framework of the microscopic interacting boson model. We calculate Fermi, Gamow-Teller, and tensor matrix elements in the decay of Ge-Se-Mo-Te-Xe-Nd-Sm and compare our results with those of the shell-model (SM) and of the quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA). Our results are in agreement with QRPA. We discuss simple features of the matrix elements and give a formula that allows one to estimate matrix elements in terms of the number of valence proton and neutron pairs.
Impact of Abnormal Second-Trimester Maternal Serum Single, Double, and Triple Screening on Patient Choices about Prenatal Diagnosis

The development of multiple-marker biochemical screening has increased the percentage of aneuploidies detected for all age groups and has also increased the abnormality/amniocentesis ratio from about 1 in 85 for maternal serum α-fetoprotein alone (single screening) to about 1 in 50 for either maternal serum α-fetoprotein plus human chorionic gonadotropin (double screening) or maternal serum α-fetoprotein combined with human chorionic gonadotropin and unconjugated estriol (triple screening). We evaluated the decisions to have or decline amniocentesis of 985 patients ‘at risk’ by either single, double, or triple screening, as multiple markers were phased in over a 3-year period. The patient acceptance of the procedure did not change (approximately 80%) either by actual risk or type of biochemical screening. The labeling of ‘at risk’ status is more important than actual numerical risks, and the patient perception of risk status must be considered in counseling.
Modification of surfaces by covalent attachment of polymer micelles

Polymer micelles composed of polystyrene-block-poly(methacrylic acid) have been chemically attached to amino-modified SiO 2 surfaces by carbodiimide coupling. The density of coverage is very high (ca. 3 x 10 10 micelles/cm 2 ) and fairly uniform. The diameter of the micelles is ca. 50 nm and the distribution of micelle sizes is essentially undisturbed by this coupling reaction. These modified surfaces might be of interest in surface modification because of the very high density of reactive groups that are associated with each micelle.
An Approximate Method of Sideband Intensity Calculation in Magic Angle Spinning NMR

A theory of sideband intensity is derived by expanding into a Taylor series the free induction decay observed under magic angle spinning (MAS). According to this procedure, the free induction decay signal is completely represented by a basis of irreducible tensors from rank zero to rank infinity. After averaging over all orientations, only the zero-order irreducible tensors contribute to the sideband intensities. Symmetry properties of the sidebands can be seen clearly in this expansion and an approximate formula up to ninth order is obtained by truncating the series. Sideband intensities can be calculated rapidly with this formula. The results agree satisfactorily with the exact sideband intensities obtained by numerical simulation if the ratio of the anisotropy to the spinning speed, ω0δ/ωr, is smaller than 3. The relationship of the sideband intensities with the moments of a MAS spectrum shows that the proposed method is an alternative to moment analysis when the spinning speed is not very slow. Anisotropic information about the chemical shift anisotropy interaction therefore can be extracted efficiently from experimental spectra by this approximate method.
Post-translational protein translocation: not all hsc70s are created equal

Hsc70s in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria interact with membrane-associated components of the translocation machinery and are required for post-translational protein import. Although it has been proposed that the mitochondrial and ER machines function similarly, a variety of experiments suggest that BiP, the ER hsc70, might play a more elaborate role.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Inhibits Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase through the Clearance Receptor POTENTIAL ROLE IN THE INHIBITION OF ASTROCYTE PROLIFERATION

The modulation of the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by endogenous growth factors or growth inhibitors provides a potential means of regulating cell proliferation. We determined the effect of the endogenous anti-proliferative peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), on the ability of MAPK to phosphorylate myelin basic protein. In astrocytes, MAPK activity was significantly stimulated (up to 3-fold) by three known glial mitogens, endothelin-3, platelet-derived growth factor, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. ANP inhibited by 55-70% the ability of each of these mitogens to activate MAPK. The effects of ANP were equipotent to those caused by C-ANP 4-23, a peptide that specifically binds to the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor. Additionally, both natriuretic peptides caused a 70-80% inhibition of the sodium vanadate-stimulated MAPK activity, complete inhibition of the okadaic acid-stimulated activity, and inhibition of the mitogen-stimulated phosphorylation of MAPK. To understand the potential mechanism by which the natriuretic peptides act, we found that both ANP and C-ANP inhibited the mitogen-stimulated activity of the immediate upstream kinase in the cascade, MAPK kinase (MEK). C-ANP also strongly inhibited the endothelin-3-, platelet-derived growth factor-, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced stimulation of DNA synthesis in the astrocytes, while both okadaic acid and sodium vanadate significantly reversed these anti-proliferative actions. Our results identify ANP as a peptide hormone that inhibits growth factor-stimulated MAPK. These data suggest that the ability of the natriuretic peptides to inhibit MAPK may be important for their anti-growth actions. This effect likely occurs via the inhibition of upstream kinase(s), including MEK, uniquely resulting from ligand binding to the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor.
Re-examination of collinearity tests for density-dependent mixing rules

Abstract This article corrects a mistaken conclusion reached by one of us (PTE) in an earlier article in this journal [Fluid Phase Equilibria 48 (1989) 209–222]. We had found that density dependent mixing rules, when used with the Redlich-Kwong equation of state (RK/EoS), violated the isochoric collinearity constraint at the cricondentherm (CT), while use of the more familiar van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules do not. Here we repeat the collinearity tests but with the simpler equation of state of van der Waals. Collinearity at the CT is found for both density dependent and quadratic mixing rules. Because the exact form of the cubic EoS should not affect collinearity, we conclude that numerical errors in our earlier RK/EoS calculations are the culprit for the mistaken conclusion involving density dependent mixing rules. All terms but one can be found analytically with the vdW/EoS, increasing the accuracy of the test by more than one order-of-magnitude.
Evolution of experimental applications of synchrotron radiation: A quantitative description

Abstract Recently, I was asked to introduce a session on spectroscopy at the Biophysics and Synchrotron Radiation 98 meeting. I wanted to recognize the “hot new areas” in synchrotron-based spectroscopy, and the rapidly expanding research in the infrared came immediately to mind. As it happens, however, I am acquainted with several of the scientists responsible for the development of infrared research using synchrotron radiation sources, and thus knew that while “hot” is certainly appropriate, “new” is not quite correct. Other speakers at the same conference emphasized the recent, rapid growth in determinations of macromolecu-lar structures by X-ray crystallography using synchrotron radiation, but from personal contacts with leaders in this field I knew that this was also a long and arduous process. These observations led me to consider the evolution of new research areas within the synchrotron radiation community.
Nuclear transition protein 2 (TP2) of mammalian spermatids has a very basic carboxyl terminal domain

Summary Nuclear transition protein 2 (TP2) along with TP1 are major basic chromosomal proteins of rat spermatids during the period of transition from histone-associated to protamine-associated DNA. TP2 isolated by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography was cleaved with S. aureus V8 protease to yield two fragments. The complete amino acid sequence of the 27 residue peptide assigned to the carboxyl terminus was established. It contains most of the basic residues of the protein and is likely to be a major site of DNA binding. Thus, TP2 is differentiated from core histones in having its basic domain at the carboxyl rather than amino terminal end.
The Neutron-Proton Interaction

An analysis of the high energy (40 and 90 Mev) experimental neutron-proton scattering results is presented. It is shown that there is good agreement with the theoretical predictions based on a potential model having a $\frac{1}{2}(1+{P}_{x})$ exchange dependence and a "long-tailed" radial dependence. There is evidence, furthermore, from the scattering for the inclusion of a tensor force. A comparison of the predictions of square well, exponential, and Yukawa radial dependences is included to illustrate the effect of different shape characteristics.
World Competitiveness: The Practical Test of U.S. Economic Policy

What do we need to assure U.S. competitiveness? Participants in the current debate on that question tend to talk as though the economic policies and world competitiveness of U.S. industry were somehow separate when, in fact, world competitiveness is where the economic policies of the nation finally get tested. The crying need is to tie economic policy to business competitiveness, and not treat them like strangers.
Photoincorporation of [3H]-chloropromazine into a solubilized bovine striatal preparation

Abstract Photolysis at 300 nm of [ 3 H]-chlorpromazine (CPZ) in the presence of a digitonin-solubilized bovine striatal homogenate results in the formation of a high molecular mass component (>200,000 daltons) which does not arise upon photolysis of either [ 3 H]-CPZ or the solubilized preparation separately. Additional components of low molecular mass are observed in both photolyzed and unphotolyzed preparations. The high molecular mass component to which [ 3 H]-CPZ binds irreversibly contains a significant fraction of the initial [ 3 H] activity. The formation of the high molecular mass component is inhibited by 35 ± 9% when the original photolysis is performed in the presence of 500 nM (+)-butaclamol, an active antagonist of specific binding to postsynaptic dopamine receptors, compared to photolysis in the presence of 500 nM (−)-butaclamol, which has negligible specific affinity for these dopamine receptors. EGTA at a concentration of 5mM has no effect on the photolabeling by [ 3 H]-CPZ. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic separation of the high molecular mass component shows a major band at ∼61,000 daltons which is not evidenced in the low molecular mass fraction. These observations suggest that upon photoexcitation CPZ may photocrosslink a complex of membrane proteins which includes a neuronal DA receptor.
Transient ischemic attack and stroke associated with sildenafil (Viagra) use

Sildenafil citrate (Viagra; Pfizer US Pharmaceutical Group, New York, NY) is prescribed for millions of men with erectile dysfunction. There are well-known risks of cardiovascular events in patients taking sildenafil concomitantly with organic nitrates.1,2⇓ However, little is known about stroke risk in patients with previous cerebrovascular events who take sildenafil. In both placebo-controlled and open-label studies, sildenafil was not associated with an increased risk of stroke.2 These studies, however, excluded patients who had had myocardial infarction, life-threatening arrhythmia, or stroke in the previous 6 months2—a population at very high risk for subsequent stroke. We describe a patient who suffered a TIA followed by a stroke in the same distribution 6 days later, and each event was associated with sildenafil use. A 50-year-old, right-handed man ingested 50 mg of sildenafil without achieving an erection or participating in sexual intercourse. Two hours after taking the medication he developed right facial weakness, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, altered right hemibody sensation, …
Comparative gas sensing in cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and metal-free phthalocyanine chemiresistors.

The sensitivities of metallophthalocyanine (MPcs: M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and H2) chemiresistors to vapor phase electron donors were examined using 50 nm MPc films deposited on interdigitated electrodes. Sensor responses were measured as changes in current at constant voltage. Analytes were chosen to span a broad range of Lewis base and hydrogen bond base strengths. The MPc sensor responses were correlated exponentially with binding enthalpy. These exponential fits were consistent with the van’t Hoff equation and standard free energy relationships. Sensor recovery times were found to depend exponentially on binding enthalpy, in agreement with the Arrhenius equation. Relative sensitivities of all MPcs were compared via two-way ANOVA analysis. Array response patterns were differentiated via linear discriminant analysis, and analyte identification was achieved over a range of concentrations with 95.1% classification accuracy for the strong binding analytes. The ability to distinguish among different analytes, re...
Notch signaling plays a key role in cardiac cell differentiation

Results from lineage tracing studies indicate that precursor cells in the ventricles give rise to both cardiac muscle and conduction cells. Cardiac conduction cells are specialized cells responsible for orchestrating the rhythmic contractions of the heart. Here, we show that Notch signaling plays an important role in the differentiation of cardiac muscle and conduction cell lineages in the ventricles. Notch1 expression coincides with a conduction marker, HNK-1, at early stages. Misexpression of constitutively active Notch1 (NIC) in early heart tubes in chick exhibited multiple effects on cardiac cell differentiation. Cells expressing NIC had a significant decrease in expression of cardiac muscle markers, but an increase in expression of conduction cell markers, HNK-1, and SNAP-25. However, the expression of the conduction marker connexin 40 was inhibited. Loss-of-function study, using a dominant-negative form of Suppressor-of-Hairless, further supports that Notch1 signaling is important for the differentiation of these cardiac cell types. Functional studies show that the expression of constitutively active Notch1 resulted in abnormalities in ventricular conduction pathway patterns.
Biology of Two Weevils, Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus and Trichosirocalus horridus, on Carduus spp. in Europe

Field studies were conducted at Rome, Italy, on Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus (F.) and Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer), two candidate insects for the biological control of Carduus thistles in the United States. The biologies of these weevils were similar; teneral adults appeared in the spring and fed for 2 to 3 weeks on leaves of the primary host, Carduus macrocephalus Desfontaines, before estivation in the soil. Both weevils resumed feeding in the fall. Mating and oviposition occurred from November to March. Eggs of C. trimaculatus were laid on the surface and under the epidermis of the leaves, whereas eggs of T. horridus were laid in feeding grooves in the midrib. Larvae of both species fed together in the crowns and buds from December to April, but no cannibalism was observed. More larvae of T. horridus fed in buds than did larvae of C. trimaculatus . Pupation occurred in the soil. Both weevils were univoltine.
Special commentary: Food and Drug Administration and American Glaucoma Society co-sponsored workshop: the validity, reliability, and usability of glaucoma imaging devices.

of optic nerve structure and function is the basis for the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. 2,3 Advances in computerized imaging devices to assess the anatomy of the optic nerve complex (retinal ganglion cell layer, retinal nerve fiber layer [RNFL], optic disc, and parapapillary region) are improving our understanding of glaucomatous neurodegeneration and may ultimately be shown to result in improved outcomes for patients. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of premarket submissions for imaging devices received by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which has been accompanied by a dramatic rise in the use of ocular imaging devices in the management of glaucoma. 4 As with any diagnostic device, appropriate use can enhance patient care, and inaccurate classification or misinterpretation of results can lead to a delay in diagnosis or unnecessary treatment and associated patient anxiety, increased costs, and risks associated with unnecessary treatments. In light of these concerns about the appropriate use of these devices in ophthalmic care, the FDA and the American Glaucoma Society sought expert opinions on ways to facilitate the correct use of these devices and to promote innovation in this device area. OnOctober5,2012,theFDAandtheAmericanGlaucoma Society co-sponsored a workshop at the FDA’s Silver Spring campus to discuss imaging devices used in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma with an emphasis on optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices. 5 The specific goals of the workshop were to provide a platform for physicians, researchers, and FDA colleagues interested in the field of imaging devices for glaucoma to discuss the construction, reliability, and usability (what to convey to the user) of normative databases; to enhance the proper use of these databases and imaging technologies in clinical practice; to elucidate approaches to evaluate the accuracy, agreement, and precision of measurements; and to advance and clarify the regulatory science in the field of imaging devices. The workshop agenda with links to the speaker’s slides, a transcript of the workshop proceedings, and the Webcast of the workshop are available online at the FDA website (available at: http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ NewsEvents/WorkshopsConferences/ucm318305.htm# agenda).
Posthysteroscopic hyponatremia: Evidence for a multifactorial cause

Hyponatremia, caused by absorption of hypotonic irrigating fluids, is a well-documented complication of surgical procedures such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Although not commonly mentioned in the renal literature, there have been several case reports of hyponatremia associated with hysteroscopic endometrial ablation that also were considered to be attributable to absorption of hypotonic fluid. We present a 43-year-old white woman who underwent endometrial ablation for menorrhagia under general anesthesia. Postoperative serum chemistries showed a sodium of 112 mEq/L and an osmolality of 234 mOsm/L, and urine chemistries showed a sodium of 125 mEq/L and an osmolality of 629 mOsm/L. Although fluid retention of hypotonic irrigating fluid clearly contributed to the hyponatremia, search for associated morbidity showed an absence of either osmotic or volume stimulus to account for the apparent antidiuretic effect, suggesting the participation of a postsurgical, stress-related ADH release. We conclude that hyponatremia associated with hysteroscopic endometrial ablation may be multifactorial.
Spanish as a heritage language in the United States

This book, an edited volume of solicited chapters, presents a comprehensive overview of current research on various aspects of the field of Spanish as a heritage language in the USA. It is organise...
Multilevel interconnection technology

Multilevel interconnections for both bipolar and MOS VLSI circuits, and the associated materials/process problems are reviewed. The application of barrier layered based double-level metal to bipolar and CMOS gate array device is illustrated. The potential for "designed-in" reliability for VLSI interconnects with proper attention to current density design rules and material selection will be discussed.
Parallelism, preprocessing, and reachability: a hybrid algorithm for directed graphs

Abstract The problem of reachability in a directed graph has resisted attempts at efficient parallelization. Only for fairly dense graphs can we efficiently achieve significant parallel speedups, using known methods. We describe a technique allowing significant parallel speedup even for moderately sparse graphs, following a sequential preprocessing step in which a representation of the graph is created.
Inactivation of methylmercury dicyandiamide by Penicillium in soil and the relationship to damping-off of peas

In laboratory experiments autoclaved University of California (UC) soil mix containing 5-20 mg of methylmercury dicyandiamide (MMDD)/g of soil was infested with Penicillium notaturn. Bioassays were made at intervals up to 63 days later to detect the fungicide’s rate of inactivation. The culture of P. notatum had been adapted to grow in the presence of high MMDD concentrations in an agar medium. Relationships among initial MMDD concentration, presence of P. notatum and incidence of damping-off of peas caused by Pythium ultimum were determined. Methylmercury dicyandiamide (MMDD) was used for many years throughout the world to treat seeds and soils in the control of plant diseases. Unfortunately, compounds containing methylmercury were found to be potentially hazardous to man and animals and MMDD use was prohibited in many countries. Our research was completed about the time the bans were promulgated and we withheld publication of our results. Huisinghl recently pointed out the need for research on heavy metals in soil and our results appear to answer some questions raised in his review. In addition, our results, which involve a toxicant, a potentially detoxifying organism, and their relationship to damping-off of peas, are pertinent generally to other environmental systems. In earlier studies2 fungicidal activity of MMDD in non-sterile soil rapidly declined after application of the fungicide. This decline was due to activities of microorganisms and studies were made of some bacteria involved in the process. Penicillium notatum Westling, which is capable of inactivating MMDD, was studied in these experiments. An abstract of portions of this work has been published.3 Our experiments were designed to obtain data to answer the following questions: How long does MMDD remain fungitoxic in soil? What happens when repeated applications are made to soil? What effects do strains of P. notatum adapted to grow in the presence of high in vitro concentrations of MMDD have on concentrations and fungicide activity of MMDD in soil? How do all of these affect control of damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum Trow ?
The Influence of Weak Links and Oxygen Deficiency on Electrical Properties of Bi-2212 and Ti-2212 Hts Thin Films

Thin films of the Bi-2212 and T1–2212 compounds were prepared by MOCVD deposition techniques. Resistivity versus temperature and critical current density measurements were used to characterize the electrical properties. An analysis of the data based on a proposed model determined the influence of intragranular weak links. Thin film samples in both systems with near optimum oxygen doping showed a correlation between the slope and magnitude of the resistivity in the normal state. Samples with reduced oxygen content displayed a strong increase in the intragrain boundary resistance, consistent with weak link defects. The results agree with a similar analysis of YBCO samples and support a common mechanism for the development of weak links in cuprates.
Tolerability of denosumab in metastatic solid tumor patients with renal insufficiency

Denosumab is approved for the prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs) in metastatic solid tumor patients with bone metastases. Limited data regarding the safety of denosumab in patients with severe renal insufficiency suggests increased rates of hypocalcemia compared to patients with normal renal function. The purpose of this study was to assess the rates of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia in cancer patients with severe renal impairment. In this case series, patient demographics, primary tumor site, number of denosumab doses, and episodes of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia were retrospectively obtained by patient chart review. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Twenty-two metastatic solid tumor patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) who had received denosumab at a dose of 120 mg were included. Ten of 22 patients (45 %) experienced a hypocalcemic event of any grade. Three patients (14 %) had grade 3 hypocalcemia, and no patients had grade 4 hypocalcemia. The median number of doses of denosumab prior to calcium nadir was one. Seven of 22 patients (32 %) experienced hypophosphatemia of any grade including grade 3 events in two patients (9 %). Denosumab resulted in increased rates of hypocalcemia when administered to metastatic solid tumor patients with severe renal impairment for the prevention of SREs compared to previously reported rates of hypocalcemia in the general population. However, all cases of hypocalcemia were asymptomatic and resolved prior to subsequent dosing. Due to a higher rate of hypocalcemia than reported in patients with normal renal function, patients with severe renal impairment should receive close monitoring of calcium levels while receiving denosumab.
Measurement of the coherent neutron scattering length of $sup 3$He by reflection from a quartz-liquid-helium interface

The real part of the bound-atom coherent neutron scattering length of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ has been measured by comparing the reflectivities of quartz-liquid-$^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and quartz-liquid-$^{4}\mathrm{He}$ interfaces and has been found to have the value (6.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.6) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}13}$ cm.