cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glutamine drives glutathione synthesis and contributes to radiation sensitivity of A549 and H460 lung cancer cell lines.

Abstract Background Increased glutamine uptake is known to drive cancer cell proliferation, making tumor cells glutamine-dependent. Glutamine provides additional carbon and nitrogen sources for cell growth. The first step in glutamine utilization is its conversion to glutamate by glutaminase (GLS). Glutamate is a precursor for glutathione synthesis, and we investigated the hypothesis that glutamine drives glutathione synthesis and thereby contributes to cellular defense systems. Methods The importance of glutamine for glutathione synthesis was studied in H460 and A549 lung cancer cell lines using glutamine-free medium and bis-2-(5-phenyl-acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) a GLS inhibitor. Metabolic activities were determined by targeted mass spectrometry. Results A significant correlation between glutamine consumption and glutathione excretion was demonstrated in H460 and A549 tumor cells. Culturing in the presence of [13C5]glutamine demonstrated that by 12 h > 50% of excreted glutathione was derived from glutamine. Culturing in glutamine-free medium or treatment with BPTES, a GLS-specific inhibitor, reduced cell proliferation and viability and abolished glutathione excretion. Treatment with glutathione-ester prevented BPTES-induced cytotoxicity. Inhibition of GLS markedly radiosensitized the lung tumor cell lines, suggesting an important role of glutamine-derived glutathione in determining radiation sensitivity. Conclusions We demonstrate here for the first time that a significant amount of extracellular glutathione is directly derived from glutamine. This finding adds yet another important function to the already known glutamine dependence of tumor cells and probably tumors as well. General significance Glutamine is essential for synthesis and excretion of glutathione to promote cell growth and viability.
Variation among congeneric dinoflagellates from the northeastern United States and Canada. I: Enzyme electrophoresis

Relationships among dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium (=Protogonyaulax) from Long Island, New England, USA, and northeastern Canada were investigated between 1983 and 1987 using enzyme electrophoresis. A relative lack of heterogeneity among toxic isolates was observed despite large geographic separations of source populations. This observation is in marked contrast to observations on toxic members of this genus from the west coast of Canada and the United States. These different enzyme variability patterns support the proposal that dispersal of toxic strains in the east from a common source has occurred recently, presumably from established populations in northern Maine, USA, or Canada. Non-toxic strains from the study area were only distantly related to toxic isolates, consistent with their different morphology and separate species designations. One non-toxic isolate from a different region, that is conspecific with a number of the toxic strains, was more similar to these isolates than to other non-toxic clones.
Studies on Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae: I. Two New Mediums for Growing L. Icterohaemorrhagiae, L. Canicola, and L. Biflexor, and a Method for Maintaining the Virulence of L. Icterohaemorrhagiae in Culture

dium for mass production of leptospiras for experimental use, the writer attempted to study the nutritional requirements, growth rate, and some biochemical characteristics of L. icterohaemorrhagiae in culture. Preliminary tests made in a Warburg apparatus were unfortunately, disappointing, as no oxygen consumption was detected even with a total of 18 million organisms for a period of 6 hours at temperature of 25, 32, and 37 C. The negative results with the Warburg apparatus compelled the writer to use the more empirical method of growing the leptospiras in mediums composed of different kinds and amounts of food substances and inorganic salts, and determining the richness and rate of growth and the pu and other changes in each medium during the period of incubation. As a result of this study, two new mediums for growing L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. canicola, and L. biflexor have been developed and the growth rate and some biochemical reactions of L. icterohaemorrhagiae have been revealed. In addition, a method for maintaining the virulence of this species for guinea pigs has also been developed. While the
Vitamin C intervention may lower the levels of persistent organic pollutants in blood of healthy women - A pilot study.

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has a long term impact on human health. The goal of this pilot study was to test whether antioxidant intervention by vitamin C supplementation may be a remedial approach to decrease body burden of POPs in humans. Using solid phase extraction coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and a gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry, we measured 18 PCBs, 7 OCPs, and 5 PBDEs in the blood of 15 healthy California women (8 were obese/overweight and 7 had normal weight) before and after 2 months of vitamin C supplementation (1000 mg/day). We observed higher PBDE levels than PCBs and OCPs, but only PCB and OCP levels were strongly and positively correlated with participant's BMI and age. We also found statistically significant decreases in 6 PCBs (PCB-74, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153, PCB-180, and PCB-187), and 2 OCPs (4,4′-DDE, and 4,4′-DDT), but not PBDEs after vitamin C supplementation. Pending confirmation of this pilot finding in a larger study of both sexes, vitamin C intervention may have important public health implications in protecting health by reducing body burdens of POPs.
PTPS-07COMPETING MOLECULAR GENETIC FORCES: TRISOMY 21(DOWN SYNDROME, DS) AND PTCH1 MUTATION (GORLIN SYNDROME) IN A 21 MONTH-OLD WITH SHH DESMOPLASTIC/NODULAR MEDULLOBLASTOMA

BACKGROUND: Individuals with Trisomy 21 have a striking cancer distribution, with a 10- to 20- fold increased risk of acute leukemia compared to a markedly decreased incidence of solid tumors. Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, is particularly rare in the DS population, with only one published case. As demonstrated in a mouse model of DS, the supernumerary chromosome 21 is associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and a decreased number of external granule cell layer progenitor cells (EGLs). Treatment of these mice with sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway agonists promotes normalization of EGLs and improved cognitive functioning. PATIENT: We describe a 21 month-old male with DS with desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma (DNMB) - a tumor derived from Shh dysregulation and over-activation of EGLs. Immunohistochemistry revealed patchy cytoplasmic GAB-1 staining and patchy strong YAP-1 nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, further placing this DNMB into the new consensus molecular classification Shh subgroup. Additional testing revealed a de novo heterozygous germ line mutation in the PTCH1 gene encoding a tumor suppressor protein in the Shh pathway; both parents tested negative for this mutation. CONCLUSIONS: The reduced presence of EGLs in DS patients offers a plausible explanation for the disparity of medulloblastoma in this population. Conversely, patients with PTCH1 germ line mutations experience Shh pathway overstimulation resulting in Gorlin (Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma) Syndrome and an increased incidence of malignant transformation of EGLs leading to medulloblastoma formation. This represents the first documented report of an individual with DS (developmental failure of EGLs, decreased incidence of medulloblastoma) simultaneously carrying PTCH1 germ line mutation (overstimulated EGLs, increased incidence of medulloblastoma). Thus, we observe a highly unusual circumstance in which the PTCH1 mutation appears to ‘trump’ the effects of trisomy 21 in causation of Shh-activated medulloblastoma. Additional genomic studies are ongoing and will be presented.
Application of Target Characters in Missile Fuze-Warhead Coordination Simulation

The target characters occupy very important position in missile fuze -warhead coordination simulation. The application of target's movement,geometry,scattering,configuration and vulnerability characters in simulation system were studied completely,and the geometry and mathematical model were established.The application of target movement character in coordinate transformation matrixes and fuze optimal delay time design,the application of target geometry and scattering characters in target detection and identification;as well as the application of target configuration and vulnerability characters in target damage evaluation,etc.were introduced.By the simulation example,the concrete application situation of target characters in the missile fuze - warhead coordination simulation was illustrated, which has certain reference significance for the establishment of a similar missile - target encounter simulation system.
Orientational order controls crystalline and amorphous thermal transport in superatomic crystals

In the search for rationally assembled functional materials, superatomic crystals (SACs) have recently emerged as a unique class of compounds that combine programmable nanoscale building blocks and atomic precision. As such, they bridge traditional semiconductors, molecular solids, and nanocrystal arrays by combining their most attractive features. Here, we report the first study of thermal transport in SACs, a critical step towards their deployment as electronic, thermoelectric, and phononic materials. Using frequency domain thermoreflectance (FDTR), we measure thermal conductivity in two series of SACs: the unary compounds Co6E8(PEt3)6 (E = S, Se, Te) and the binary compounds [Co6E8(PEt3)6][C60]2. We find that phonons that emerge from the periodicity of the superstructures contribute to thermal transport. We also demonstrate a transformation from amorphous to crystalline thermal transport behaviour through manipulation of the vibrational landscape and orientational order of the superatoms. The structural control of orientational order enabled by the atomic precision of SACs expands the conceptual design space for thermal science.
Congenital Malformation and Maternal Phenylketonuria

Infants born to women with PKU are frequently mentally retarded, microcephalic, of low birthweight, and have various malformations.
Electrical Characteristics of Semiconductor Lasers

In this chapter, the electrical characteristics of semiconductor lasers are discussed. The basic operation of p–n junction diodes is reviewed, and the ways in which semiconductor lasers are and are not diodes will be enumerated.
Three-Scale Filtering Approach Theory

The study of the diffusion and dispersion of heat and pollutants in water bodies and in the atmosphere has received considerable attention in the last decades. Traditionally, the interest has been focused on the ability to estimate the behavior of “mean” temperatures and concentrations. Nonetheless, the random character of natural flows often makes that information insufficient. Indeed, in many cases temperature and concentration may reach values much larger than the mean with considerable frequency, in zones where such high values are undesirable. Accordingly, in recent years significant effort has been devoted to developing techniques for the estimation of certain measures of the variability of the flow characteristics (cf. Csanady, 1983, Hunt, 1985, and Smith, 1985a, 1985b). In “characteristics,” of course, we include the velocity field besides the transported scalars, as it is well know that, in a turbulent environment, the better resolved advection is, the less important (turbulent) diffusion becomes.
Design of a Class-DE Rectifier with Shunt Inductance and Nonlinear Capacitance for High-Voltage Conversion

This paper presents a design method for a resonant class-DE rectifier with a shunt inductance input network. The cass-DE resonant rectifier offers numerous advantages at high operating frequencies and high output voltages. For a high-voltage design, the limiting factor has been the absence of a design process incorporating shunt inductance for low-to-high impedance matching as well as nonlinear capacitance from semiconductor devices. To design a rectifier with a specific input impedance at the fundamental frequency of operation, designers have been relying on either parametric variation in iterative simulations that often takes a long time to complete, or simple equations without considering nonlinear capacitances that renders the analysis inaccurate at high frequencies. In this paper, we propose a design procedure that begins with universal design curves that are applicable regardless of the capacitance nonlinearity. This is followed by parameter selection and a convergence check to ensure the rectifier operates at the desired output voltage. Based on the outlined procedure, we design and experimentally verify a 27-MHz 350-V current-driven rectifier, a 25-MHz 500-V voltage-driven rectifier, and a 27.12-MHz 2-kV four-stage rectifier, all of which the resonant capacitor is nonlinear and the input impedance is resistive at the switching frequency.
Engineering the pre-metastatic niche

The pre-metastatic niche - the accumulation of aberrant immune cells and extracellular matrix proteins in target organs - primes the initially healthy organ microenvironment and renders it amenable for subsequent metastatic cell colonization. By attracting metastatic cancer cells, mimics of the pre-metastatic niche offer both diagnostic and therapeutic potential. However, deconstructing the complexity of the niche by identifying the interactions between cell populations and the mediatory roles of the immune system, soluble factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and stromal cells has proved challenging. Experimental models need to recapitulate niche-population biology in situ and mediate in vivo tumour-cell homing, colonization and proliferation. In this Review, we outline the biology of the pre-metastatic niche and discuss advances in engineered niche-mimicking biomaterials that regulate the behaviour of tumour cells at an implant site. Such oncomaterials offer strategies for early detection of metastatic events, inhibiting the formation of the pre-metastatic niche, and attenuating metastatic progression.
On Exactitude in Poetry: The Cartographic Histories of Garrett Hongo’s Coral Road

This chapter discusses Edouard Glissant ’s concept of opacity in order to explore postcolonial representations of Hawai‘i , whose world, culture, archive , and history have historically been at best unimagined, and at worst, erased and replaced. Threading his poetics through Romantic and postmodern invocations of the imagination , Hongo suggests a trajectory of understanding the role and nature of imagination and memory for the postcolonial . Coral Road seeks to create an alternative cultural and historical text that can function as a counter archive to the traumas of Hongo’s racialized experience of colonialism, one that navigates the rift between Kanaka Maoli (native Hawaiian) and Settler representations of Hawai‘i .
Psychosocial predictors of gestational weight gain and the role of mindfulness

Abstract Objective To identify the psychosocial factors (i.e., stress, anxiety, depression, social support) that are associated with gestational weight gain (GWG) and the relationship of mindfulness with GWG during each trimester of pregnancy. Design In this cross-sectional study, an online survey that assessed physical and mental health and wellness practices was administered to pregnant women. Participants Pregnant women ≥8 weeks gestation, ≥18 years old, and could read and write in English. Measurement and findings Women who responded to the survey (N=1,073) were on average 28.7±4.6 years old. Findings from a regression analysis suggest that increased levels of depression may be predictive of increased GWG in the second trimester and decreased levels of mindfulness may be predictive of increased GWG in the first trimester. Anxiety, stress, and overall social support were not associated with GWG in any trimester. Key conclusions Mindfulness-based strategies (e.g., yoga) may have the potential to manage both depression and excessive GWG and may beneficial for and preferred by pregnant women. More research is warranted to determine clear relationships between psychosocial health, mindfulness, and GWG. Implications for practice Health care providers are encouraged to screen for depression in early pregnancy (i.e., first or second trimester) and provide resources to manage symptoms of depression and GWG to promote optimal birth outcomes. Health care providers may want to counsel patients on how to manage depression and/or GWG by suggesting mindfulness-based approaches.
Aminoglycoside resistance profile and structural architecture of the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6’)-Im

Aminoglycoside 6'-acetyltransferase-Im (AAC(6')-Im) is the closest monofunctional homolog of the AAC(6')-Ie acetyltransferase of the bifunctional enzyme AAC(6')-Ie/APH(2")-Ia. The AAC(6')-Im acetyltransferase confers 4- to 64-fold higher MICs to 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides and the 4,5-disubstituted aminoglycoside neomycin than AAC(6')-Ie, yet unlike AAC(6')-Ie, the AAC(6')-Im enzyme does not confer resistance to the atypical aminoglycoside fortimicin. The structure of the kanamycin A complex of AAC(6')-Im shows that the substrate binds in a shallow positively-charged pocket, with the N6' amino group positioned appropriately for an efficient nucleophilic attack on an acetyl-CoA cofactor. The AAC(6')-Ie enzyme binds kanamycin A in a sufficiently different manner to position the N6' group less efficiently, thereby reducing the activity of this enzyme towards the 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides. Conversely, docking studies with fortimicin in both acetyltransferases suggest that the atypical aminoglycoside might bind less productively in AAC(6')-Im, thus explaining the lack of resistance to this molecule.
Multilevel Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression with the Combined STAR and Antisense RNA System

Synthetic small RNA regulators have emerged as a versatile tool to predictably control bacterial gene expression. Owing to their simple design principles, small size, and highly orthogonal behavior, these engineered genetic parts have been incorporated into genetic circuits. However, efforts to achieve more sophisticated cellular functions using RNA regulators have been hindered by our limited ability to integrate different RNA regulators into complex circuits. Here, we present a combined RNA regulatory system in Escherichia coli that uses small transcription activating RNA (STAR) and antisense RNA (asRNA) to activate or deactivate target gene expression in a programmable manner. Specifically, we demonstrated that the activated target output by the STAR system can be deactivated by expressing two different types of asRNAs: one binds to and sequesters the STAR regulator, affecting the transcription process, while the other binds to the target mRNA, affecting the translation process. We improved deactivatio...
Who was Dr. William C. Baum

The first discovery of primary hyperaldosteronism secondary to an aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma has been credited solely to Dr. Jerome Conn, an endocrinologist at the University of Michigan and for whom, Conn syndrome was named. Dr. William Baum, a urologist at the University of Michigan, however, was instrumental in the appropriate operation and historical aldosteronoma resection. Despite Dr. Baum's important role in this discovery, he was never included as an author in any of the subsequent papers describing Conn syndrome and, few today would recognize his name. So, who was Dr. Baum and what happened? This historical article aims to revisit the history surrounding the discovery of aldosteronoma as a cause of Conn's syndrome and to catalog the life and involvement of Dr. William C. Baum in that discovery.
A Practical Approach to Quantitative Grayscale Ultrasound Analysis of Hepatic Steatosis in Pediatric Patients Using a Picture Archiving and Communication System-Based Tool.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS)-based ultrasound (US) quantification technique for diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in a pediatric population. METHODS Abdominal US images of 49 pediatric patients (≤18 years) with histopathologically proven diagnoses of hepatic steatosis (n = 17), nonsteatotic liver disease (n = 19), and a normal liver (n = 13) were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, the fibrosis stage, and the steatosis grade were obtained from the database. Quantitative grayscale measurements of the echo intensity level of the liver and kidneys were performed on the US images using the PACS measuring tool. The hepatorenal ratio was obtained by dividing mean liver by mean kidney values. The heterogeneity index for the liver was calculated by dividing the liver standard deviation by mean liver values. Hepatorenal ratio and heterogeneity index values of the 3 groups were correlated with pathologic results and compared by a 1-way analysis of variance. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed, and cutoff values were determined. RESULTS The hepatorenal ratio of the hepatic steatosis group was significantly greater than those of the control and nonsteatotic liver disease groups (P < .001). The heterogeneity index of the hepatic steatosis group was significantly greater than that of the control group (P = .046). For a hepatorenal ratio cutoff value of 1.5, 88.2% sensitivity, 91.4% specificity, 88.3% positive predictive value, and 94.1% negative predictive value were obtained for predicting hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS PACS-based quantitative grayscale US quantification is a safe, accurate, and easily applicable objective method for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in children. A hepatorenal ratio of greater than 1.5 can be used as a conservative parameter, permitting increased confidence in discriminating hepatic steatosis from other conditions.
Lipid metabolism reprogramming and its potential targets in cancer

Reprogramming of lipid metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of malignancy. Increased lipid uptake, storage and lipogenesis occur in a variety of cancers and contribute to rapid tumor growth. Lipids constitute the basic structure of membranes and also function as signaling molecules and energy sources. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), a family of membrane-bound transcription factors in the endoplasmic reticulum, play a central role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Recent studies have revealed that SREBPs are highly up-regulated in various cancers and promote tumor growth. SREBP cleavage-activating protein is a key transporter in the trafficking and activation of SREBPs as well as a critical glucose sensor, thus linking glucose metabolism and de novo lipid synthesis. Targeting altered lipid metabolic pathways has become a promising anti-cancer strategy. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of lipid metabolism regulation in malignancy, and highlights potential molecular targets and their inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Comparison of Affective and Predatory Offenders

This chapter provides a summary of the differences found in the sample between the two violence types, including the degree of IPV, criminal history, substance/drug offenses, assault, fraud, and trespassing. The relationship between the offender and the animal victim was more frequently found with the affective offenders. The type of animal cruelty acts differed between the affective and predatory types. Finally, the motivations for the animal cruelty act was different between the affective and predatory types, with predatory offenders more likely motivated due to the offender’s needs/wants, animal being unwanted, and to experience nonspecific sadism. Affective offenders were more motivated by a third party and due to the action by the animal.
Early Events in the Hormonal Regulation of Glial Gene Expression: Early Response Genes

Glial cells play important roles in the development arid the functioning of the brain (Arenander and de Vellis, 1983, Arenander and de Vellis, 1989). Glial cell development and functions are regulated by growth factors, hormones, neurotransmitters and other autocrine and paracrine factors and cell-cell contact. How are these factors mediating their effects? The diversity of cell types and complexity of cellular interaction necessitated developing in vitro methods to study mechanisms of glial growth and function. Cell culture techniques allow experimental control of developmental events and molecular markers allow precise identification of cell types. As a result, glial research has greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating neural development.
Swarming, afterswarming, and reproductive rate of unmanaged honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera)

The reproductive rate of unmanaged European honeybee races was studied in Kansas, U.S.A. Colonies produced a mean of 3.6 daughter colonies per original queen during one year. This high reproductive rate was largely due to the frequent occurrence of afterswarms, a factor not adequately considered in previous studies. The rate of afterswarming was influenced by at least two factors: the amount of sealed brood (pupae) in the colony and the season when swarming occurred. Factors which may influence the survival and subsequent reproduction of prime swarms and afterswarms are discussed.
Restenosis and Remodeling: Is the Adventitia Involved?

Vascular remodeling has assumed great importance as a cause of coronary restenosis. Yet understanding of this complex phenomenon is only recently beginning to grow as more data has emerged. In its most fundamental form, remodeling may be defined as any change in vessel diameter (enlargement or constriction) in response to chronic changes in hemodynamic conditions or humoral factors [1]. With atherosclerosis or after vascular intervention, the coronary artery may exhibit three separate remodeling responses 1) compensatory enlargement, 2) absence of compensation or 3) vascular constriction/shrinkage [2]. Each has substantial implications for the artery lumen.
Phase III Integrated Water Recovery Testing at MSFC: Closed Hygiene and Potable Loop Test Results and Lesson Learned

A series of tests has been conducted at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to evaluate the performance of a Space Station Freedom (SSF) pre-development water recovery system. Potable, hygiene, and urine reclamation subsystems were integrated with end-use equipment items and successfully operated for a total of 35 days, including 23 days in closed-loop mode with man-in-the-loop. Although several significant subsystem physical anomalies were encountered, reclaimed potable and hygiene water routinely met current SSF water quality specifications. This paper summarizes the test objectives, system design, test activities/protocols, significant results/anomalies, and major lessons learned.
Qualitative and quantitative shifts in adolescent problem behavior development: A cohort-sequential multivariate latent growth modeling approach.

The aim of this study was to examine the nature of problem behavior development from late childhood through adolescence, to assess the quantitative development of problem behavior (alcohol use, marijuana use, deviance, academic failure) as well as potential qualitative shifts in problem behavior over time. Multivariate latent growth curve modeling (LGM) analyses and a cohort-sequential design were employed. Data were from the National Youth Survey and included 770 youth from four cohorts (11, 12, 13, 14 years old), assessed annually for 5 years. Results showed significant growth in problem behavior from ages 11 to 18. Alcohol use and marijuana use contributed most, and academic failure contributed least to the problem behavior latent construct. Results of the variant model revealed that the contribution of all four behaviors to the overall problem behavior construct increased similarly as children aged.
Zur Praxis der Wissenssoziologischen Diskursanalyse

„Wissenssoziologische Diskursanalyse“ (WDA) bezeichnet ein sozialwissenschaftliches Forschungsprogramm zur Analyse gesellschaftlicher Wissensverhaltnisse und Wissenspolitiken (Keller 1998; 2001; 2003a; 2005a). In und vermittels von Diskursen wird von gesellschaftlichen Akteuren im Sprach- bzw. Symbolgebrauch die soziokulturelle Bedeutung und Faktizitat physikalischer und sozialer Realitaten konstituiert. Der Wissenssoziologischen Diskursanalyse geht es um die Erforschung dieser Prozesse der sozialen Konstruktion von Deutungsund Handlungsstrukturen (Wissens-Regimen, Wissenspolitiken) auf der Ebene von Institutionen, Organisationen bzw. kollektiven Akteuren und um die Untersuchung der gesellschaftlichen Wirkungen dieser Prozesse. Diskurse lassen sich als strukturierte und strukturierende Anstrengungen verstehen, Bedeutungen bzw. allgemeiner: mehr oder weniger weit ausgreifende symbolische Ordnungen zu erzeugen, zu stabilisieren und dadurch einen verbindlichen Sinnzusammenhang, eine Wissensordnung fur spezifische Praxisfelder in sozialen Kollektiven zu institutionalisieren. Diese diskursive Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit bildet einen (eminent wichtigen) Ausschnitt aus dem, was Peter Berger und Thomas Luckmann (1980 [1966]) die „gesellschaftliche Konstruktion der Wirklichkeit“ genannt haben.1 Die von der WDA vorgenommene Verankerung der Diskursanalyse in der Wissenssoziologie von Berger/Luckmann, in der Tradition des Symbolischen Interaktionismus und der Foucaultschen Fokussierung von Macht/Wissen-Regimen zielt darauf, Diskurse nicht als abgehoben semiotisch prozessierendes System zu analysieren, sondern als soziale Praxis.
How to Know if You're Really There: An Evaluation of Measures for Presenteeism in Nursing

Objectives To report presenteeism prevalence across presenteeism measures from the work-stress and sickness domains. To evaluate the psychometric fit of those measures in a nursing population. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive survey of 447 US RNs using five reliable and validated measures of presenteeism: Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS), Job-Stress-Related Presenteesim Scale (JSRPS), Healthcare Productivity Scale (HPS), Nurses Work Functioning Questionnaire (NWFQ), and Health and Work Questionnaire (HWQ). The survey was evaluated using descriptive, exploratory, and confirmatory factor analysis. Results Mean rates among nurses (SPS = 19.50, JSRPS = 2.1, HPS = -15.1, NWFQ = 17.0, and HWQ = 6.7) were higher than previously published and spanned both job-stress and sickness domains of presenteeism. We identified different factor structures than previously published for three of the five instruments. Conclusion An inclusive conceptualization of presenteeism that includes work-stress and sickness domains is crucial to developing future measures and interventions for presenteeism.
Is It Ethical for For-profit Firms to Practice a Religion? A Rawlsian Thought Experiment

Recent judicial rulings and changes in federal and state legislation have given for-profit corporations a growing list of rights and constitutional protections, including the right to practice religion free from many types of federal or state restriction. In this paper, we highlight the implications of these developments using Rawls’ (A theory of justice, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1971) Theory of Justice to explore the consequences of for-profit corporate religious freedom for consumers and employees. We identify preliminary principles to spark a discussion as to how expanding religious freedom for businesses and fair access to goods and services can coexist in the for-profit marketplace.
IMPROVED DIAGNOSIS OF VESSEL-SPECIFIC ISCHEMIA BY STEPWISE CONSIDERATION OF STENOSIS SEVERITY, NON-CALCIFIED PLAQUE VOLUME, AND CORONARY LUMEN VOLUME: RESULTS FROM THE PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER, INTERNATIONAL CREDENCE TRIAL

Stenosis severity alone is unreliable to identify ischemia, but atherosclerotic plaque characteristics can improve accuracy. We thus evaluated a stepwise approach of coronary stenosis severity, non-calcified atheroma volume (NCAV) and coronary lumen volume (CLV) for diagnosis of vessel-specific
The 24-h savings of adaptation to novel movement dynamics initially reflects the recall of previous performance

The extent initial readaptation reflects the recall of previous motor performance is largely unknown. We examined early single-trial force-field adaptation on the second day of training and disting...
International Development Assistance: A Case Study of Brazil

Transformations of the global economic and geo-political orders brought on at the dawn of the twenty-first century have affected development assistance (DA). Many emerging economies (EEs), among them those of the BRICS, have come to aspire to global recognition. By becoming players in the development assistance marketplace, they assert themselves as emerging nations in their own right and leaders in their regions, both sources of soft power. While some countries assert their identity on nationalistic grounds, enhanced by DA on a bilateral basis, others seek to harness the dividends of globalization as a vehicle to assist lagging countries by bringing them into the global community and marketplace. Established rules of international relations among nation states drive the approach to DA by the former, whereas the latter are driven by the emerging and still imperfect global governance (Kumar & Messner, 2010, pp. 8–9).
Extracellular vs Intracellular Delivery of CO: Does It Matter for a Stable, Diffusible Gasotransmitter?

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gasotransmitter produced in humans. An essential unanswered question in the design of carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) is whether the delivery molecule should b...
Use of 68Ga DOTATATE, a new molecular imaging agent, for neuroendocrine tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET), such as insulinomas and carcinoid tumors, can be challenging to diagnose since patients often present with vague symptoms. Adding to the challenge, these tumors are often occult on typical cross-sectional imaging modalities. Because of these challenges, there has been an increase in the utilization of radiopharmaceuticals that take advantage of specific receptors expressed by NET. Among the multiple radiopharmaceuticals that can be used, 68Ga DOTATATE is emerging as the most sensitive and specific imaging agent. We present a case where 68Ga DOTATATE was used to diagnose a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor.
Measuring Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation in National Disease Surveillance Systems: A Pilot Study

The study sought to determine participants’ preferred methods for self-reporting biological sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation in national surveillance studies. An online, cross-sectional...
A Mobile App to Facilitate Socially Distanced Hospital Communication During COVID-19: Implementation Experience.

Background: COVID-19 has significantly altered health care delivery, requiring clinicians and hospitals to adapt to rapidly changing hospital policies and social distancing guidelines. At our large academic medical center, clinicians reported that existing information on distribution channels, including emails and hospital intranet posts, was inadequate to keep everyone abreast with these changes. To address these challenges, we adapted a mobile app developed in-house to communicate critical changes in hospital policies and enable direct telephonic communication between clinical team members and hospitalized patients, to support social distancing guidelines and remote rounding. Objective: This study aimed to describe the unique benefits and challenges of adapting an app developed in-house to facilitate communication and remote rounding during COVID-19. Methods: We adapted moblMD, a mobile app available on the iOS and Android platforms. In conjunction with our Hospital Incident Command System, resident advisory council, and health system innovation center, we identified critical, time-sensitive policies for app usage. A shared collaborative document was used to align app-based communication with more traditional communication channels. To minimize synchronization efforts, we particularly focused on high-yield policies, and the time of last review and the corresponding reviewer were noted for each protocol. To facilitate social distancing and remote patient rounding, the app was also populated with a searchable directory of numbers to patient bedside phones and hospital locations. We monitored anonymized user activity from February 1 to July 31, 2020. Results: On its first release, 1104 clinicians downloaded moblMD during the observation period, of which 46% (n=508) of downloads occurred within 72 hours of initial release. COVID-19 policies in the app were reviewed most commonly during the first week (801 views). Users made sustained use of hospital phone dialing features, including weekly peaks of 2242 phone number dials, 1874 directory searches, and 277 patient room phone number searches through the last 2 weeks of the observation period. Furthermore, clinicians submitted 56 content- and phone number–related suggestions through moblMD. Conclusions: We rapidly developed and deployed a communication-focused mobile app early during COVID-19, which has demonstrated initial and sustained value among clinicians in communicating with in-patients and each other during social distancing. Our internal innovation benefited from our team’s familiarity with institutional structures, short feedback loops, limited security and privacy implications, and a path toward sustainability provided by our innovation center. Challenges in content management were overcome through synchronization efforts and timestamping review. As COVID-19 continues to alter health care delivery, user activity metrics suggest that our solution will remain important in our efforts to continue providing safe and up-to-date clinical care.
Disclosure, welfare and adverse selection

Abstract I consider a broad class of economic environments where a principal contracts with an agent under adverse selection and the agent can credibly disclose information to the principal. I show that there is an equilibrium that interim Pareto dominates the equilibrium without evidence if and only if the optimal mechanism without evidence assigns the outside option to a set of types satisfying a ‘gains from trade’ property. The results apply to a range of economic environments including insurance markets, financial markets and goods markets with quality-based price discrimination.
Urban Sustainability and Public Health: Throwing the Bath Water Out and Not the Baby

This slide presentation reviews the affect of urbanization on community health. It exams urbanization trends in the Atlanta metro area and includes information on impervious surfaces, air quality, mitigation strategies, spatial growth modeling, land use, public health surveillance and different data collection methods.
Apiose. I : 1,2:3,5-Di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-apio-L-furanose

Abstract A procedure for the extraction of apiose from eel grass (Zostera marina L.) on a large scale is described. The crystalline diisopropylidene derivative was obtained in a yield of 1% and was shown to be 1,2:3,5-di-O-isopropylidene-α- D -apio- L -furanose (2), namely, 1,2:3,31-di-O-isopropylidene-[3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-β- L -threofuranose]. Graded acid hydrolysis of 2 afforded 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α- D -apio- L -furanose (4), which was oxidized with periodate to give 1,2-O-isopropylidene- D -glycero-tetros-3-ulose (5). Borohydride reduction of 5 gave 1,2-O-isopropylidene- D -erythrose (9). Treatment of 4 with bis(imidazol-1-yl)thione gave the cyclic thionocarbonate 7, which was converted into 3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-C-methylene- D -glycero-tetrose (8) by treatment with trimethyl phosphite. Stereoselective hydroxylation of 8 gave 4.
A multi-modality image data collection protocol for full body finite element model development

This study outlines a protocol for image data collection acquired from human volunteers. The data set will serve as the foundation of a consolidated effort to develop the next generation full-body Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models for injury prediction and prevention. The geometry of these models will be based off the anatomy of four individuals meeting extensive prescreening requirements and representing the 5th and 50th percentile female, and the 50th and 95th percentile male. Target values for anthropometry are determined by literature sources. Because of the relative strengths of various modalities commonly in use today in the clinical and engineering worlds, a multi-modality approach is outlined. This approach involves the use of Computed Tomography (CT), upright and closed-bore Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and external anthropometric measurements. CT data provide sub-millimeter resolution and slice thickness of the subjects in the supine and an approximately seated position. Closed-bore MRI complements CT data by providing high-resolution images with improved contrast between soft tissues. MRI pulse sequences that image fat-water interfaces out-of-phase are used to enhance contrast and facilitate segmenting organ and muscle boundaries. Upright MRI data complement closed-bore data by enabling quantification of morphological changes that occur when a subject is oriented upright with respect to gravity. The final component in this suite of image data is a set of external anthropometry (EA) measurements. EA measurements include three-dimensional point cloud acquisition of external bony landmarks as well as surface contours. These data serve as a valuable geometric validation tool for the assembled full-body FEA models. Protocol development results, including preliminary image data sets, in-plane resolution and slice thickness achieved for each modality, pulse sequence designs for MRI acquisition protocols, and custom positioning systems used in image acquisition are presented. The approach outlined in this study is expected to provide sufficient data to develop models in both the seated and standing posture. This suite of imaging and anthropometry data will serve as a strong foundation for the collaborative development of a group of fullbody FEA models for injury prediction in the coming years. A Multi-Modality Image Data Collection Protocol for Full Body Finite Element Model Development
Chapter 7 Development and Dual Processes in Moral Reasoning: A Fuzzy‐trace Theory Approach

Abstract Fuzzy‐trace theory is used to explain: paradoxical reversals in moral reasoning (e.g., for trolley vs. footbridge scenarios); insensitivity to quantitative differences in outcomes, especially for protected values (and variations due to response formats); effects of dual opposing processes, such as emotion and cognitive control (inhibition); and the role of moral values in adolescents' risky decision making. Fuzzy‐trace theory is contrasted with standard dual‐process approaches, and unique predictions are derived (e.g., about activation of specific brain areas). Evidence supports the conclusions that people tend to rely on fuzzy, gist‐based intuition in reasoning generally; that this tendency is exacerbated for moral reasoning about protected values; that moral intuitions spring from a developmentally advanced semantic system in which the qualitative gist of decisions is processed, as opposed to an evolutionarily primitive “system 1” as standard dual‐process theories assume; and that, ironically, such reasoning makes it more likely that people achieve the very utilitarian outcomes that this reasoning eschews.
Volatility Co-Movement

I estimate a GARCH-based volatility factor model that incorporates market volatility and information from high-frequency data. I find that index and stock volatility co-move more after the stock becomes part of SP500. This effect is characteristic to higher frequencies (i.e. hourly) and it is beyond what is predicted by an increase in return comovement. One proposed hypothesis consistent with the findings argues that volatility comovement is induced by 'trading mechanism noise' such as noise generated during index arbitrage operations. Additional behavioral hypotheses may be supported by my results. Moreover, volatility has more uniform intra-day distribution after the addition.
Are patients with low body mass index candidates for deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps for unilateral breast reconstruction

Thin women have not traditionally been considered ideal candidates for autologous breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruction in thin women undergoing immediate unilateral breast reconstruction. A retrospective review of 1,040 consecutive patients was performed. In total, 381 patients met the inclusion criteria. To improve clinical interpretability, patients were divided into three groups based on body mass index: “thin” (BMI ≤ 22.99), “traditional” (>23 and ≤29.99), and “obese” (BMI >30) candidates. Flap characteristics were compared to mastectomy weights, and postoperative complications were analyzed. In all groups, flap size was generally more than sufficient to match the mastectomy specimen, as flap weight:mastectomy weight ratio ws greater than 1 in all groups with no significant difference between groups (1.1 in thin patients, 1.0 in traditional patients, and 1.0 in obese patients). Fat necrosis prevalence was lowest in the thin group (12.5%), compared to the traditional (15.9%, P = 0.443) or obese (14.4%, P = 0.698) groups. Prevalence of breast infection were lower in the thin patients (5.2%) versus the traditional (8.7%, P = 0.287) or obese (14.4%, P = 0.033). Abdominal wound healing complications and seroma were also lowest in thin patients. DIEP flap breast reconstruction may be an effective method for unilateral breast reconstruction in thin patients, with sufficient flap weights and lower incidence of complications than in heavier patients. As such, low BMI may not present a barrier in the reconstruction of a breast mound matching native breast size. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.
Measurement of the W boson helicity in top quark decays

A measurement of the fraction, f{sup +}, of right-handed W bosons produced in top quark decays is presented. This analysis is based on a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 370 pb{sup -1}, collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron p{bar p} Collider at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV. The helicity angle, {theta}*, is reconstructed for each lepton. f{sup +} is determined by comparing the cos {theta}* distribution from the data with that for the expected background and signal for various values of f{sup +}. The fraction of longitudinal W bosons, f{sup 0}, is assumed to be 0.7 as predicted by the standard model. This yields f{sup +} = 0.109 {+-} 0.094 (stat) {+-} 0.063 (syst), consistent with the standard model prediction of f{sup +} = 3.6x 10{sup -4}. The possibility that both f{sup +} and f{sup 0} stray from standard model values is also investigated. In this case cos {theta}* distributions for each possible W helicity state, along with the backgrounds, are fit to the cos {theta}* distribution for the data. The best fit values are f{sup +} = 0.82 {+-} 0.30(stat) and f{sup 0} = -0.58 {+-} 0.50(stat).
MARC CIP Records and MARC LC Records: An Evaluative Study of Their Discrepancies

In the last ten years, Cataloging in Publication (CIP) records have gained increasing acceptance and use in libraries, especially for cataloging purposes. Nevertheless, there is a general perception that the accuracy of CIP records can be further improved. Because improvement is only possible with more concrete information identifying specific problem areas, this study is designed to provide catalogers and cataloging managers more empirical data on the frequency and types of discrepancy between MARC CIP records and subsequent MARC LC records. This study differs from an earlier study which involved CIP records that appeared on the verso of the title page of publications. In addition, this study will make some observations regarding more effective use of the CIP records, primarily for cataloging purposes.