cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neoceptors: reengineering GPCRs to recognize tailored ligands

Efforts to model and reengineer the putative binding sites of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have led to an approach that combines small-molecule 'classical' medicinal chemistry and gene therapy. In this approach, complementary structural changes (e.g. based on novel ionic or H-bonds) are made in the receptor and ligand for the selective enhancement of affinity. Thus, a modified receptor (neoceptor) is designed for activation by tailor-made agonists that do not interact with the native receptor. The neoceptor is no longer activated by the native agonist, but rather functions as a scaffold for the docking of novel small molecules (neoligands). In theory, the approach could verify the accuracy of GPCR molecular modeling, the investigation of signaling, the design of small molecules to rescue disease-related mutations, and small-molecule-directed gene therapy. The neoceptor–neoligand pairing could offer spatial specificity by delivering the neoceptor to a target site, and temporal specificity by administering neoligand when needed.
A unified theory of consumption, travel and trip chaining

Abstract The microeconomic theory of demand explains the purchasing decisions of consumers ignoring that most consumption requires travel. Travel demand theory, strongly influenced by econometrics, has developed largely independently of microeconomic theory and ignores consumption decisions. I treat consumption and travel in a unified manner for consumers allocating their time between wage-earning and discretionary trips to purchase a variety of consumption goods. The focus is the complementariness and substitution between travel and consumption. The consumer decides the frequency of the trips to make to each store over a period of time and how much to buy on each trip. I also examine how the consumer should mix separate trips to two stores, with chained trips in which he visits both stores. Under the preferences specified, resources saved by trip-chaining go into more travel so that the total expenditure allocated to travel remains unchanged. I point out how the model can be generalized in a number of ways to improve its scope and applicability.
Assessing the Influence of Reacting Pyrite and Carbonate Minerals on the Geochemistry of Drainage in the Coeur d'Alene Mining District

The relative abundance of minerals that react to generate or consume acid in mineralized areas is critical in determining the quality of water draining from such areas. This work examines the fundamental reactions that influence the pH and composition of drainage from mine adits and tailings piles. The authors construct triangle diagrams that predict stoichiometric relationships between concentrations of dissolved SO{sub 4}{sup {minus}}, dissolved Ca and Mg, and either alkalinity or acidity by considering reactions involving the oxidation of pyrite, dissolution of carbonate minerals, and precipitation of iron oxide and iron hydroxysulfate minerals. Drainage data from the Coeur d'Alene mining district are used to test their stoichiometric approach. Comparisons between theoretical predictions and drainage data indicate that the range of pH values in the mining district is due to reacting pyrite to carbonate mineral ratios that range from near 0/1 to 1/1. Calcite and ankerite are the dominant carbonate minerals that buffer the acid produced during pyrite oxidation and ferrihydrite or schwertmannite precipitation.
Psychomotor and Mental Development from Birth to Age of Four Years; Sex Differences and Their Relation to Home Environment Children in a New Stockholm Suburb Results from a Longitudinal Prospective Study Starting at the Beginning of Pregnancy

Five hundred and thirty-two pregnant women were interviewed about their psychosocial health at the beginning of pregnancy. According to various factors including alcoholism, mental disease and criminality among the women and their husbands the families were divided in three groups of different degrees according to psychosocial stress. The pregnancies, deliveries and the 497 live-born children in these families have been investigated with prospective methods. Data concerning the psychological development and psychiatric health of the child were attained by interviewing the mother and evaluating the child during visits to home (age 1 and 4). The physical health and development of the children has been followed by prospective data achieved from the child welfare centers. At one year of age 452 of the children (226 boys, 226 girls) and at four-five years of age 412 of the children (202 boys, 210 girls) were evaluated by the Griffith's Development Scales. Findings from these evaluations can now be related to a number of factors concerning the psychosocial situation, pediatric riskfactors etc. With the prospective, longitudinal methods used in this project interesting results concerning sex differences related to the mental development have been found. At one year of age girls had higher scores than boys on the Griffiths-subscale measuring hearing-and-speech abilities. At four years of age several significant differences between the sexes were found. Girls had more "even" Griffiths-profiles and scored higher than boys in several Griffiths-subscales. The greatest differences at four years of age were found concerning personal-social function and eye-hand-coordination. Boys seem to be specially vulnerable to the psychosocial situation in their homes as the Griffiths-results at four years of age are lower among boys from homes with psychosocial stress compared to other boys. It should be very interesting to follow and study what these sex differences mean concerning future development, the occurrence of psychopathology school difficulties. Language: en
Development and testing of an active platen for IC manufacturing

The conflicting demands for finer features and increased production rates in integrated circuit manufacturing have emphasized the need for improved wafer positioning technology. In this paper we present operational test results from a magnetically levitated platen with structurally integrated piezoelectric acctuators. The strain based actuators provide active damping of the platen`s flexible body modes, enabling increased bandwidth on the mag-lev positioning system. Test results reveal a dramatic reduction in steady state positioning error and settling time through implementation of active vibration control.
Sprouty 2 Binds ESCRT-II Factor Eap20 and Facilitates HIV-1 Gag Release

The four ESCRT (endocytic sorting complexes required for transport) complexes (ESCRT-0, -I, -II, and -III) normally operate sequentially in the trafficking of cellular cargo. HIV-1 Gag trafficking and release as virus-like particles (VLPs) require the participation of ESCRTs; however, its use of ESCRTs is selective and nonsequential. Specifically, Gag trafficking to release sites on the plasma membrane does not require ESCRT-0 or -II. It is known that a bypass of ESCRT-0 is achieved by the direct linkage of the ESCRT-I component, Tsg101, to the primary L domain motif (PTAP) in Gag and that bypass of ESCRT-II is achieved by the linkage of Gag to ESCRT-III through the adaptor protein Alix. However, the mechanism by which Gag suppresses the interaction of bound ESCRT-I with ESCRT-II is unknown. Here we show (i) that VLP release requires the steady-state level of Sprouty 2 (Spry2) in COS-1 cells, (ii) that Spry2 binds the ESCRT-II component Eap20, (iii) that binding Eap20 permits Spry2 to disrupt ESCRT-I interaction with ESCRT-II, and (iv) that coexpression of Gag with a Spry2 fragment that binds Eap20 increases VLP release. Spry2 also facilitated release of P7L-Gag (i.e., release in the absence of Tsg101 binding). In this case, rescue required the secondary L domain (YPX(n)L) in HIV-1 Gag that binds Alix and the region in Spry2 that binds Eap20. The results identify Spry2 as a novel cellular factor that facilitates release driven by the primary and secondary HIV-1 Gag L domains.
Measuring Task-related Changes in Heart Rate Variability

Small beat-to-beat differences in heart rate are the result of dynamic control of the cardiovascular system by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been positively correlated with both mental and physical health. While many studies measure HRV under rest conditions, few have measured HRV during stressful situations. We describe an experimental protocol designed to measure baseline, task, and recovery values of HRV as a function of three different types of stressors. These stressors involve an attention task, a cold pressor test, and a videotaped speech presentation. We found a measurable change in heart rate in participants (n=10) during each task (all p's < 0.05). The relative increase or decrease from pre- task heart rate was predicted by task (one-way ANOVA, p=0.0001). Spectral analysis of HRV during the attention task revealed consistently decreased measures of both high (68+7%, meanplusmnS.E.) and low (62+13%) frequency HRV components as compared to baseline. HRV spectra for the cold pressor and speech tasks revealed no consistent patterns of increase or decrease from baseline measurements. We also found no correlation in reactivity measures between any of our tasks. These findings suggest that each of the tasks in our experimental design elicits a different type of stress response in an individual. Our experimental approach may prove useful to biobehavioral researchers searching for factors that determine individual differences in responses to stress in daily life.
Evidence for Strike-Slip Faulting Along the Brevard Zone in North Carolina

The Brevard zone is a narrow belt of steeply dipping low-grade metamorphic rocks known to extend for at least 375 miles from near Montgomery, Alabama, northeast to Mount Airy, North Carolina. It probably continues northeastward into Virginia, but its position there can only be inferred. The Brevard zone separates the Blue Ridge geologic belt on the northwest from the Inner Piedmont belt on the southeast, but it is only locally coincident with the physiographic boundary between the Blue Ridge and Piedmont. The Brevard zone has previously been interpreted both as a narrow syncline of younger rocks infolded into a terrane of metamorphic and plutonic rocks and as a belt of retrogressively metamorphosed rocks along an overthrust fault (the Martic or Brevard overthrust). Detailed mapping and petrographic studies southeast of the Grandfather Mountain window in North Carolina show that there the Brevard is a fault zone, and rocks along this fault zone display pervasive structural and metamorphic effects related to it across an outcrop width of as much as 5 miles. Latest movement along the zone occurred after major thrusting along the Linville Falls fault, which bounds the Grandfather Mountain window, and before emplacement of an unaltered diabase dike believed to be Late Triassic. Reconnaissance field and petrographic studies along the zone in North Carolina, South Carolina, and northern Georgia support the conclusion that the Brevard is a fault zone. The linearity of the zone, the presence of blastomylonite and phyllonite within it, the horizontal cataclastic lineation associated with it, and the contrast in rocks across it suggest that the Brevard is a zone of strike-slip faulting of great magnitude. Right-lateral displacement of at least 135 miles is believed to have occurred in late Paleozoic or Early Triassic time or both.
A Robustness Analysis of Game-Theoretic CDMA Power Control

This paper studies robustness of a gradient-type CDMA uplink power control algorithm with respect to disturbances and time-delays. This problem is of practical importance because unmodeled secondary interference eects from neighboring cells play the role of disturbances, and propagation delays are ubiquitous in wireless data networks. We rst show Lp -stability, for p2 [1;1] , with respect to additive disturbances. We pursue L1 -stability within the input-to-state stability (ISS) framework of Sontag [7], which makes explicit the vanishing eect of the initial conditions. Next, using the ISS property and a loop transformation, we prove that global asymptotic stability is preserved for suciently small time-delays in forward and return channels. For larger delays, we achieve global asymptotic stability by scaling down the step-size in the gradient algorithm.
Considerations of osteoporosis prevention in an aging society

As the population ages, preventive gerontology has been advocated to promote good personal health practices for a healthier longevity. While detection and management of high blood pressure, elevated serum glycemic and cholesterol levels, have been routine in the care of older persons, approaches to osteoporosis identification and management are more complex and less widely practiced. This article reviews aspects of osteoporosis detection and intervention in this patient population, with recommendations for meeting the needs of 'bone health' in an aging society.
A model-based characterization of evoked potentials for monitoring neurosurgery

Presents a new method for characterization of multichannel evoked potentials (EPs) by fitting the data with a linear combination of Gaussian functions. This approach is sensitive to the peaks present in EPs, providing valuable neurophysiological information for surgical monitoring. >
Sex, Science, and History

The history of sexual liberation is inextricably bound with the history of scientific rationalism. Throughout the twentieth century, the basic moral consensus on sexual liberation has proved capable of accommodating a wide variety of scientific methodologies, from the cultural anthropology of Margaret Mead to the biological taxonomy of Alfred Kinsey. Two recent works, Derek Freeman's The Fateful Hoaxing of Margaret Mead: A Historical Analysis of Her Samoan Research, and James H. Jones's Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public/Private Life, critique their respective subjects' specific scientific practice only to reaffirm the general practice of sexual science and its underlying (a)moral consensus. In this article, I will examine the treatment of methodological issues in these books as a reflection of the historical profession's participation in the moral bankruptcy of the social sciences. Freeman's empirical deconstruction of Mead's Samoan research and Jones's empirical reconstruction of Kinsey's life both skirt substantive moral issues by affirming a hopelessly nineteenth-century ideal of scientific objectivity. Each book, in its own particular way, fetishizes fact at the expense of argument and obscures the nature of intellectual developments of interest to historians of every moral and methodological orientation.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Youth

Without question, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most studied non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment of depression in youth, with over 80% of published psychotherapy trials testing the effects of CBT protocols. Until quite recently, CBT also was widely proclaimed to be a highly effective intervention for youth depression, albeit with stronger data for adolescent than for child samples. However, within the past two years, a series of new findings have complicated this previously rosy picture of CBT. The most well-known results come from the Treatment of Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS, 2004). In the TADS investigation, CBT failed to outperform a pill placebo, while active medication treatments (fluoxetine alone and fluoxetine-plus-CBT) produced strong and consistent effects. In this article, the authors strive to make sense of these seemingly conflicting findings, provide direction for the appropriate use of CBT in practice given the current evidence base, and suggest areas of additional investigation that may help to clarify the current confusion on the effects of CBT.
Optimal channel assignments for lattices with conditions at distance two

The problem of radio channel assignments with multiple levels of interference can be modeled using graph theory. Given a graph G, possibly infinite, and real numbers k/sub 1/, k/sub 2/, ..., k/sub p/ /spl ges/ 0, a L(k/sub 1/, k/sub 2/, ..., k/sub p/)-labeling of G assigns real numbers f(x) /spl ges/ 0 to the vertices x, such that the labels of vertices u and v differ by at least k/sub i/ if u and v are at distance i apart. We denote by /spl lambda/(G; k/sub 1/, k/sub 2/, ..., k/sub p/) the infimum span over such labelings f. We survey this new theory of real number labelings. When p - 2 it is enough to determine /spl lambda/(G; k, 1) for reals k /spl ges/ 0; which will be a piecewise linear function. We present the function for the square lattice (grid) and for the hexagonal lattice. For the triangular lattice, we have also solved it except for the range 1/2 /spl les/ k /spl les/ 4/5.
Regional Specificity of Format-Specific Priming Effects in Mirror Word Reading Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The speed and accuracy with which subjects can read words is enhanced or ‘‘primed’’ by a prior presentation of the same words. Moreover, priming effects are generally larger when the physical form of the words is maintained from the first to the second presentation. We investigated the neural basis of format-specific priming in a mirror word-reading task using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants read words that were presented either in mirror-image (M) orientation or in normal (N) orientation and were repeated either in the same or the alternate orientation, creating 4 study--test conditions, N-N, M-N, N-M, and M-M. Priming of N words resulted in reductions in fMRI signal in multiple brain regions, even though reading times (RTs) were unchanged. Priming of M words showed a pattern of RTs consistent with format-specific priming, with greater reductions when the prime matched the form of the test word. Primingrelated reductions in fMRI activity were evident in all regions involved in mirror-image reading, regardless of the orientation of the prime. Importantly, reductions in several posterior regions, including fusiform, superior parietal, and superior temporal regions were also format specific. That is, signal reductions in these regions were greatest when the visual form of the prime and target matched (M-M compared with N-M). The results indicate that, although there are global neural priming effects due to stimulus repetition, it is also possible to identify regional brain changes that are sensitive to the specific perceptual overlap of primes and targets.
β-Cell Regeneration Mediated by Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to ameliorate diabetes in animal models. The mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. An unanswered question is whether BMSCs are able to differentiate into β-cells in vivo, or whether BMSCs are able to mediate recovery and/or regeneration of endogenous β-cells. Here we examined these questions by testing the ability of hBMSCs genetically modified to transiently express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or pancreatic-duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) to reverse diabetes and whether these cells were differentiated into β-cells or mediated recovery through alternative mechanisms. Human BMSCs expressing VEGF and PDX1 reversed hyperglycemia in more than half of the diabetic mice and induced overall improved survival and weight maintenance in all mice. Recovery was sustained only in the mice treated with hBMSCs-VEGF. However, de novo β-cell differentiation from human cells was observed in mice in both cases, treated with either hBMSCs-VEGF or hBMSCs- PDX1, confirmed by detectable level of serum human insulin. Sustained reversion of diabetes mediated by hBMSCs-VEGF was secondary to endogenous β-cell regeneration and correlated with activation of the insulin/IGF receptor signaling pathway involved in maintaining β-cell mass and function. Our study demonstrated the possible benefit of hBMSCs for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes and gives new insight into the mechanism of β-cell recovery after injury mediated by hBMSC therapy.
Functional Correlates of Mutations in β-Catenin Exon 3 Phosphorylation Sites

beta-Catenin-mediated signaling can be constitutively activated by truncation or mutation of serine and threonine residues in exon 3. Mutations in this region are observed in many human tumors. Examination of the locations of these mutations reveals interesting patterns; specifically, Ser45 and Thr41 appear more frequently in malignant tumors, and Ser37 and Ser33 are more common in benign entities. To test whether these patterns represent functional differences in beta-catenin signaling mechanisms, we generated mutations of each of these residues. Stable transformation of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells showed a transformed phenotype with each of the four mutations, as assessed by growth in soft agar and collagen. Functional assays including proliferation assays, cell shedding assays, and wounding assays demonstrated two groups. Ser45 and Thr41 represent a more transformed phenotype, whereas Ser37 and Ser33 behaved similarly to the vector in these assays. Assessment of downstream genes demonstrated increased activation of the beta-catenin target gene cyclin D1 by Ser45. Finally, we examined the kinase activity of I kappa B kinase-alpha and found that this kinase, unlike glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, appears to preferentially phosphorylate Ser45 and Thr41, independent of priming by casein kinase-1. We conclude that these sites may represent an alternative (non-wnt) signaling pathway, which may be inappropriately activated in tumors with mutations of these residues.
Rethinking China’s Internet censorship: The practice of recoding and the politics of visibility

This article proposes visibility as a new lens through which to examine the politics of Internet censorship in China. It focuses on the practice of recoding, that is, the use of code words and images to circulate information that is deemed “sensitive” and therefore removed from the web. While commentators in the West have often described censorship-evading practices like this as a form of “resistance” against state domination, little academic attention has been paid to how and why recoding holds political and cultural significance. The prism of visibility, by conceptualizing recoding as a cultural response to censorship, opens up a more critical perspective to comparatively analyze examples drawn from both China and the United States. It therefore invites a careful rethinking of China’s Internet censorship beyond the framework of the nation-state, by calling attention to the social dimension of meaning making and the negotiation of power in a transnational context.
Antigen-Induced Experimental Septic Arthritis in Rabbits after Intraarticular Injection of Staphylococcus aureus

With the Dumonde-Glynn model of antigen-induced arthritis, a rabbit model was developed to examine the histopathologic differences between normal and arthritic joints in the same animal infected by intraarticular injections of Staphylococcus aureus. Microscopic examination of whole joint sections and a quantitative histopathologic scale were used to compare changes in all the articular components of 17 normal and 17 arthritic joints infected for less than two weeks. The histological changes were more severe in infected arthritic joints than in infected normal joints (mean ? SD total histology score, 13.8 ? 2.4 and 9.3 ? 4.0, respectively; Z^ .001). In infected arthritic joints, subsynovial abscesses extended into subchondral bone via the pannus of chronic synovitis at articular margins and intraarticular attachments of cruciate ligaments, rather than by initial cartilage destruction and direct extension into subchondral bone.
Effects of Stress on Eating Practices Among Adults

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between comfort food preferences of adults when under normal (nonstressful) and stressful conditions. A total of 185 university faculty completed on InQsit, a 31-item Stress-Eating Survey. Sixty-seven percent experienced changes in appetite when stressed, with 69% having an increase in appetite and 31% a decrease. Under stressful conditions, participants chose a wider variety of sweet (p ≤ .001) and salty/crunchy foods (p = .004). High-restrained eaters chose significantly more types of sweet foods (p = .031) and beverages (p = .020) than low-restrained eaters. Variety of mixed dishes significantly decreased (p = .048) with increased age. This research suggests that majority of adults may experience an increased appetite with stress and may choose more types of sweet and salty/crunchy foods. Under normal and stressful conditions, it appears that gender, age, and restraint level may also influence comfort food choices.
Infrasonic component of volcano-seismic eruption tremor

Air-ground and ground-air elastic wave coupling are key processes in the rapidly developing field of seismoacoustics and are particularly relevant for volcanoes. During a sustained explosive volcanic eruption, it is typical to record a sustained broadband signal on seismometers, termed eruption tremor. Eruption tremor is usually attributed to a subsurface seismic source process, such as the upward migration of magma and gases through the shallow conduit and vent. However, it is now known that sustained explosive volcanic eruptions also generate powerful tremor signals in the atmosphere, termed infrasonic tremor. We investigate infrasonic tremor coupling down into the ground and its contribution to the observed seismic tremor. Our methodology builds on that proposed by Ichihara et al. (2012) and involves cross-correlation, coherence, and cross-phase spectra between waveforms from nearly collocated seismic and infrasonic sensors; we apply it to datasets from Mount St. Helens, Tungurahua, and Redoubt Volcanoes.
Control of electron energy distributions and plasma characteristics of dual frequency, pulsed capacitively coupled plasmas sustained in Ar and Ar/CF 4 /O 2

The fluxes of radicals and ions to the wafer during plasma processing of microelectronics devices determine the quality of the etch or deposition. These fluxes are largely controlled by controlling the electron energy distribution function f( e)which determines the dissociation patterns of feedstock gases. In quasi-steady state operation, an equilibrium condition for f( e) results from a real time balance between electron sources and sinks. Using pulsed power, electron sources and sinks do not need to instantaneously balance—they only need to balance over the longer pulse period. This provides additional leverage to customize f( e). In this paper, the f( e)in a two-frequency, pulsed capacitively coupled plasma sustained in Ar and Ar/CF4/O2 mixtures are discussed with results from a two-dimensional plasma hydrodynamics model. The f( e)are obtained from a Monte Carlo simulation which includes electron‐electron collisions. We found that the f( e)and rate coefficients can be controlled by pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and duty cycle (DC) of the pulsed power in a manner not otherwise easily attainable using continuous excitation. The tail of the f( e)is enhanced with smaller PRF and DC in order to compensate for the electron losses during the power-off portion of the cycle. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
Muted voices in the legislative process: the role of scholarship in US Congressional efforts to protect children from internet pornography:

This analysis brings a range of theoretical perspectives on the politics of the communications policy-making process to bear on US Congressional efforts to protect children from internet pornography. The examination of the Congressional information gathering hearings during the formulation of the Communications Decency Act, Child Online Protection Act and Children's internet Protection Act shows an excess reliance on anecdotal evidence and a lack of social scientific research in informing Congressional inquiries. The authors here argue that such incidental involvement of academic scholarship could be explained through the lenses of `symbolic politics' and `class power', which have important implications for communication scholars who wish to be more closely involved in the communication policy-making process during future debates.
Pharmacy and the “Zombie Apocalypse”

Why am I writing about pharmacy and the “zombie apocalypse”? Have I lost my mind? No, not yet! But it apparently got your attention. A few years ago, a couple of individuals at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were thinking outside the box and tried something similar. After years of trying to get the public to think about emergency preparedness and to act prior to a catastrophic event (eg, hurricane, wildfire, tornado, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, and terrorist attack), they were convinced that the public wasn’t really listening or acting until it was too late. From personal experience with the wildfires in the Pacific Northwest this past summer, I found that many people did not listen until the fires were in their own backyard. Some people started to prepare months in advance; they made firewise adjustments to their property and as the risk of an evacuation increased they started to move valuables to a different location or put them in a location that would make their removal from the property easier and quicker. I am sure you know people who have made similar preparations for natural events, but how many of you have actually prepared for these events at home or work?
The cell cycle regulator 14-3-3σ opposes and reverses cancer metabolic reprogramming

Extensive reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanism controlling this tumour metabolic shift remains not fully understood. Here we show that 14-3-3σ regulates cancer metabolic reprogramming and protects cells from tumorigenic transformation. 14-3-3σ opposes tumour-promoting metabolic programmes by enhancing c-Myc poly-ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. 14-3-3σ demonstrates the suppressive impact on cancer glycolysis, glutaminolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis and other major metabolic processes of tumours. Importantly, 14-3-3σ expression levels predict overall and recurrence-free survival rates, tumour glucose uptake and metabolic gene expression in breast cancer patients. Thus, these results highlight that 14-3-3σ is an important regulator of tumour metabolism, and loss of 14-3-3σ expression is critical for cancer metabolic reprogramming. We anticipate that pharmacologically elevating the function of 14-3-3σ in tumours could be a promising direction for targeted anticancer metabolism therapy development in future.
International Law Governing Communications and Information: A Collection of Basic Documents.

(1983). International Law Governing Communications and Information: A Collection of Basic Documents. American Journalism: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 107-108.
Observation of Elliptical Patterns in Type I Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion

We measure the spatial profile of down-converted light from Type-I SPDC in BBO and BiBO crystals. We find BiBO (BBO) produces elliptical (circular) transverse patterns because the generated light experiences an angle-dependent (-independent) refractive index.
Thomas Barratt and the Development of British Advertising

For almost fifty years Thomas Barratt was the inspiration behind the advertising for Pears soap and a leading figure in the advertising world. Though he was not immune from errors of judgement and his significance may have been overestimated by his business contemporaries, he nevertheless had a considerable influence on the evolution of advertising both in Britain and overseas through the techniques he employed, his consistently high expenditure, and the case for advertising which he put so forcefully.
Marketing and Other Matters

Neuropsychologists are generally an intelligent group, and probably prefer a thorough, if not somewhat obsessive, craft. There is, however, a fine line between adequate understanding and effective performance. This is, in part, because what is known and understood about test measurement and brain function is yet incomplete. In addition, fine discriminations in a patient's test performance that is important for analysis and synthesis may be difficult to communicate to the non-neuropsychologist. It is challenging, at times, to link findings to specific interventions. Other practitioners sometimes rightly complain that some do not translate findings into useful and practical implications or treatment recommendations for the patient. The effective practitioner is a reasonable human being who can see shades of gray where others may only see black and white. She or he can also distinguish black from white and does not minimize one or the other just because it (a) does not support a personal or strongly held expectation, (b) might hurt someone's feelings, or (c) will likely discourage a lucrative referral source.
Rapid Bus: A Low-Cost, High-Capacity Transit System for Major Urban Areas

Prompted by federal funding, more than 30 American cities have built or are building new rail transit lines. These expensive lines have debatable value as they put transit agencies in debt and impose high maintenance costs, yet they carry few riders more than the buses they replace and produce minimal, if any, environmental benefits.As an alternative to rail transit, this paper proposes a “rapid bus” system that would offer fast, frequent, and comfortable transportation to most people in an urban area. This paper will estimate the annualized costs of such a system and compare it with the costs of a traditional system of rail supplemented by feeder buses. Based on these estimates, this paper finds that: While rail lines serve a limited number of corridors, for less money a rapid bus system can reach nearly everyone in an urban area. A rapid bus system can offer more frequent service at faster average speeds and fewer transfers between transit vehicles, all at a lower cost than rail. Rapid buses also offer more comfortable rides because two-thirds to three-fourths of bus riders can be seated, whereas more than half of rail riders must stand when the rail system is operating at capacity. Rapid bus systems are scalable, with low incremental costs, as downtown employment centers grow from 40,000 to 500,000 jobs. In contrast, rail systems require huge expenditures to start up and expand. While a four-line light-rail system can bring only about 36,000 people per hour into a downtown area, the rapid bus system described in this paper can bring as many as 140,000 people per hour into downtown. While rapid buses cannot cost-effectively replace the long-established subways and commuter trains serving New York City, they could save taxpayers’ money by replacing aging rail transit systems in Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Washington. Urban areas with 40,000-200,000 downtown jobs should expand their transit systems using rapid buses rather than light rail or other rail systems. Urban areas with fewer than 40,000 downtown jobs probably do not need any form of high-capacity rapid transit.
Computer assisted Data Management for Basin Modeling

Basin modeling is an important tool to evaluate potential hydrocarbon reserves for petroleum exploration. The key to successful basin modeling is integration of diverse geological information across various technical disciplines. Present basin modeling workflows require a tedious collection of different data types from different information sources. To streamline the flow between basin models and these data sources, we programmed a Java I/O library to interact with our interpretation system. This effectively automates various data-gathering routines so that the modelers’ attention can be focused on data QC rather than retrieval. Our computer-assisted approach alleviates fatigue errors associated with preconditioning data, reduces individual bias from tasks such as estimating lithologies and improves the agreement of the calculated response with observed data. Furthermore, this approach can update and catalog previous work easily so that an interpreter can retrieve the most up-to-date models via a simple GIS query.
Improved Digital Holographic Interferometry for Two-Dimensional Plasma Density Measurements

Holographic interferometry is a technique that uses interference between two coherent laser beams to characterize the density structure and thereby the deformation of an object of interest. Interferometry has applications in fluid mechanics, stress analysis, and plasma diagnostics. The ZaP Flow Z-Pinch Project at the University of Washington uses holographic interferometry for high resolution, two-dimensional electron density measurements of a Z-pinch plasma. Renovations have been made to the interferometry system to improve interferogram quality and to transition from an analog system to a digital system. A new Nd:YAG laser has replaced an older ruby laser for enhanced spatial coherence of the laser beam and sharper interferogram resolution. A digital camera is employed in place of wet photography to expedite the data analysis process. A beam expander has been constructed from Nd:YAG optics to maximize interferogram size while preserving beam quality. The new system has been tested on a plasma surrogate and is currently being fielded on the ZaP-HD experiment to identify plasma structures.
Pink Bollworm: Response to Various Emission Rates of Gossyplure in the Field

Rubber septa used as substrates for gossyplure (1:1 ratio of Z,Z -and Z,E -isomers of hexadecadienyl acetate), the sex pheromone of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), produced 1st-order loss curves with a half-life of 159 days in the laboratory (release rate constant, k = 1.8×10−4h−1) and an avg half-life of 120 days in the field (k = 2.4×−4h−1; the rate of evaporation equals kM where M is the amount of pheromone on the septa at a given time). Male moths responded equally well to emission rates of 0.012–0.98 μ g/h in field tests conducted May and July and 0.084–8.8 μ g/h in Sept. Baits emitting in the range of ca. 0.2–2 μ g/h (3570 μ g/septum) would be attractive throughout a 6-mo season. Single virgin native female moths were as attractive as septa baits treated with 1000 μ g of gossyplure in trapping tests conducted in the field. Males showed the same diurnal rhythm in responding to female moths and to the baits.
Epidemiological Analysis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Fogang County From 2005 to 2007

ObjectiveTo analyze epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Fogang county and to provide the basis on prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis.MethodsDirect network reporting system was used to analyze prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Fogang couty. ResultsFrom 2005 to 2007,pulmonary tuberculosis ranked the first three highest morbidities in all reported communicable diseases,with higher prevalence than former year in turn. Highest morbidity was seen in peasants and those with smear positive constituted the most amount. ConclusionOrganization for pulmonary tuberculosis control should take more effective measures for peasant patients and all patients should get earlier transfer treatment for smear test.
Endocrine assays in the monitoring of pregnancy.

The application of hormone assays to the monitoring of high-risk pregnancies is most helpful if the assays are performed serially in any one patient to offset marked interindividual and intraindividual biological variability. Because of the difficulty in clinically identifying abnormal fetal conditions, most assays do not yield optimal sensitivity and specificity; thus, they are best used as adjuncts to other diagnostic procedures.
Fabrication of nanopillar structure by silica nanosphere lithography and passivation with wet chemical oxidation cleaning

This work focus the fabrication and passivation of Si nanopillar structure. Si nanopillar structures are fabricated by well controlled silica nanosphere lithography with metal assisted chemical etching (MACE). For high quality passivation, nanopillar structures are cleaned using general Si cleaning process with wet oxidation. The wet oxidation process helps to reduce surface state density of nanopillar structure. Nanopillar structure is passivated using several methods as thermal, wet oxide, a-Si:H, organic and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ). Al 2 O 3 passivation shows the highest lifetime and implied open circuit voltage (Voc) as 31.9 μs and 595 mV.
Assessing Upper Tropospheric Jet Streak Proximity Using the Rossby Radius of Deformation

The Rossby radius of deformation is a parameter that describes the relative role of buoyant and inertial forces for atmospheric phenomena in a flow regime. It will be demonstrated that it can also be used to determine whether or not forcing for vertical motions in the region between upper level tropospheric jet streaks overlaps or interacts. Using predefined points in the entrance and exit regions of neighboring upper level jet streaks, the distance between them is calculated for each event. If they are closer than twice the Rossby radius of deformation, the resulting region affected by both streaks is termed the Rossby Radius of Deformation Overlap Zone (RRDOZ). Plan-view and cross-sectional analysis shows that ageostrophic transverse circulations within the RRDOZ led to enhanced upward vertical velocities as predicted in prior research. Lastly, a short-term climatology for overlap events in North America is derived, and these are classified according to three proposed archetypes.
An ergonomic study of body motions during Muslim prayer using digital human modelling

This research presents an ergonomic study of body motions during Muslim prayer (i.e., Salāt) using digital human modelling. A factorial analysis is conducted considering four main factors: population, gender, percentile, and prayer posture. For healthy individuals, the results showed that all the main factors are significant, but no interaction effects were found to be significant. It was also found that there is an inverse relationship between the time spent on each prayer posture and the back compression force affecting the person during that posture. In addition, modifications to the bowing posture were studies for individuals with low back pain considering three main factors: back angle, knee angle, and pain level. It was found that all the main factors and one interaction effect (back angle × knee angle) are significant. This can help identify the back and knee angles that minimise the compression force for individuals with low back pain.
Polymer-Free Drug-Coated Coronary Stents in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease at High Bleeding Risk.

Patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and a high risk of bleeding are not ideal candidates for a polymer-based drug-eluting stent (DES) because it requires 6–12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The purpose of this review is to assess the angiographic and clinical outcomes of polymer-free drug-coated stents (PF-DCS) in stable CAD patients with a high bleeding risk. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared angiographic and clinical outcomes of PF-DCS with bare-metal stents (BMS), permanent polymer (PP)-DES, or biodegradable polymer (BP)-DES. However, none of these studies particularly recruited patients with stable CAD and a high risk of bleeding. Furthermore, there are limited data available on duration of DAPT following PF-DCS placement. PF-DCS has a better efficacy and similar safety as compared with BMS. PF-DCS with dual drug is noninferior to currently available PP-DES. Further RCTs are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of PF-DCS to BP-DES and PP-DES comparing shorter to standard durations of DAPT.
UV Fluorescent Epoxy Adhesives from Noncovalent and Covalent Incorporation of Coumarin Dyes

Epoxies are commonly used in art conservation as adhesives for artifact reconstruction and repair. However, with the development of colorless epoxies, it has become more difficult to detect repair work. Fluorescent epoxies would allow for easy detection of the epoxy joints by simple visual inspection under UV light while remaining unnoticeable under normal display lighting. Coumarins are natural dyes that can be added in very small amounts to make thermosets fluoresce. Depending on the functionality of the coumarin used, the dye may be physically encapsulated in the cross-linked polymer or it may be bound to the polymer through covalent bonds. In this paper, we examine the efficacy of coumarin (1) and coumarin 480 (2) as physically encapsulated dyes and 7-hydroxycoumarin (3) and 7-glycidyloxycoumarin (4) as covalently bound dyes in a commercial epoxy thermoset, Epo-Tek 301. All four dyes could be used to make the epoxy fluorescent, but coumarins 1 and 2 slightly reduced the lap shear strength of the thermoset and could be extracted with solvent. In contrast, coumarins 3 and 4 had little effect on the mechanical properties of the epoxy and only minute amounts could be extracted.
Religious Pluralism and the Buridan's Ass Paradox

The paradox of Buridan’s Ass involves an animal facing two equally adequate and attractive alternatives, such as would happen were a hungry ass to confront two bales of hay that are equal in all respects relevant to the ass’s hunger. Of course, the ass will eat from one rather than the other, because the alternative is to starve. But why does this eating happen? What reason is operative, and what explanation can be given as to why the ass eats from, say, the left bale rather than the right bale? Why doesn’t the ass remain caught between the options, forever indecisive and starving to death? Religious pluralists face a similar dilemma, a dilemma that I will argue is more diffi cult to address than the paradox just described.
How to Achieve High Rates of Bowel Preparation Adequacy

Effective colonoscopy is dependent on adequate bowel cleansing. A number of bowel preparation regimens have been advocated, with the gold standard being polyethylene glycol and balanced electrolytes. Nevertheless, a number of lower volume preparations have been adopted in hopes of increasing tolerability without sacrificing efficacy. More aggressive bowel preparations have been suggested for those at high risk for inadequate bowel cleansing. Techniques such as endoscopic jet lavage may be used to salvage an inadequate preparation; however, these methods are somewhat costly in terms of time. The adequacy of the preparation should be documented according to a validated cleansing scale.