cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Adverse Contrast Reaction Following Nonintravenous Urinary Tract Imaging

Abstract Adverse reactions (ARs) to intravenous (IV) radiographic contrast range from mild urticaria to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Intraluminal contrast dye is routinely used in the urinary tract with a minimal perceived risk of AR. We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases for California and Florida from 2007 to 2011 to identify patients who received urinary tract contrast dye for retrograde pyelography, percutaneous pyelography, retrograde/other cystogram, and ileal conduitogram. After excluding patients who had received IV contrast for other radiologic studies, ARs to contrast were identified by a composite end point of diagnoses not present on admission including shock, anaphylaxis, iatrogenic hypotension, urticaria, angioedema, laryngospasm, laryngeal edema, and/or a new diagnosis of contrast reaction. Overall, 76 174 patients were included who had undergone non-IV urinary tract imaging, 367 (0.48%) of whom developed an AR. On multivariate analysis, receipt of contrast in the lower urinary tract (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8; p =0.04) or upper urinary tract by retrograde pyelography (OR: 1.6; p =0.04) or antegrade pyelography (OR: 2.0; p =0.007) increased the risk of AR compared with control patients. The use of contrast dye in the urinary tract is associated with a low, but present risk of AR. Patient summary We looked at patients who underwent a urologic procedure using radiographic contrast media in the urinary tract. Although adverse reactions (ARs) may occur with the use of contrast media in the urinary tract, these reactions are experienced by a minority of patients (approximately 1 in 200). In addition, we found that an allergy to intravenous contrast does not increase a patient's risk of an AR to contrast within the urinary tract.
Hybrid Public Offerings In China: The Case Of Class B Shares

When raising equity capital through the recently opened Shanghai stock exchange, Chinese companies can issue stock to Chinese nationals (A shares) or to non-Chinese nationals (B shares). Between 1990 and 1996 40 issuances of B shares took place, often by firms that had previously issued A shares. These class B initial offerings are found to exhibit underpricing relative to first day trading prices, but to a much less severe degree than class A share IPOs. Indeed, the extent of underpricing of class B shares is found to be in line with underpricing in the U.S. This is surprising because for the most part these offerings are hybrids of IPOs and seasoned equity offerings, representing offerings of old (traded) claims in a new market setting. We examine a variety of standard explanations for underpricing of IPOs finding either no empirical support for the hypotheses, or that many of these explanations are not relevant to the characteristics of the Chinese market. Two features of Chinese IPOs particularly seem to set them apart from new issues in the U.S. First, the capital market is not fully established, and second, the issuer of all IPOs is the government. The Chinese IPOs represent an attempt to transform a non-market economy, therefore, the prime objective may be the very creation of a viable market mechanism rather than a mere maximization of issue proceeds. We examine whether underpricing may be explained by this desire by the government (who also happens to be the issuer) to establish a market, and suggest a variety of lines for future research to cast further light on this hypothesis.
Phagocytic and metabolic activities of isolated rat Kupffer cells.

SummaryThe isolation of rat Kupffer cells was effected by the use of collagenase and trypsin digestion of liver tissue. The isolated cells demonstrated the ability to phagocytize, but required both serum and heparin. Metabolic studies demonstrated that the cells might possess a significant fatty acid metabolism and that the phagocytic process of the isolated Kupffer cell was both cyanide and iodoacetate sensitive. Microelectrophoretic studies suggested that the surface integrity of the isolated cells, as measured by surface charge, remained intact during the isolation procedure.
A prospective study of thrombophilia in trauma patients with pulmonary embolism

BACKGROUND Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a rare, but often fatal, complication of trauma. To date, there has been no study of the prevalence of thrombophilic abnormalities among trauma patients who sustain a PE. Our purpose was to determine whether heritable thrombophilia is associated with the development of PE in trauma patients. METHODS All patients admitted to the trauma service over a five-month period had residual blood from standard laboratory samples stored. Patients were then prospectively followed through their hospital. Greets' formula was used to estimate risk of thromboembolic disease. For every patient who developed a PE (n = 20), four controls with similar risk were randomly selected. DNA samples were genotyped. The genes screened included MTHFR, Factor II, Factor V, and Protein C. RESULTS DNA genotyping for Factor V and Protein C revealed only wild-type alleles in the cases. Genotyping of Factor II revealed mutations in 25% (10 of 40) of alleles in the cases and 17% (27 of 160) of alleles in the controls (p = 0.24). Mutation in alleles of the MTHFR1 gene occurred in 28% (11 of 40) of the cases and in 28% (40 of 150) of the controls (p = 0.92); genotyping in five of the controls (10 alleles) was indeterminate at the MTHFR1 alleles after testing. CONCLUSIONS No statistically significant differences were found in genetic abnormalities among trauma patients who developed PE and who did not; however, the sample size was small. Routine screening for thrombophilia in trauma patients is not recommended.
Visiting Mom: A pilot evaluation of a prison-based visiting program serving incarcerated mothers and their minor children

We describe an evaluation of a prison visiting program, Extended Visiting (EV), for incarcerated mothers and their children. Mothers (N = 24) and caregivers (N = 19) were interviewed regarding experiences with the program. Mothers identified benefits including maintaining a relationship with children, physical contact, motivation, privacy, peer support, and personal growth. Caregivers echoed mothers' appreciation for the opportunity to maintain mother-child relationships and physical contact. Mothers identified barriers including desire for overnight visits and more age-appropriate activities. Caregivers perceived travel time and costs and children's adverse reactions as barriers. When comparing EV to typical visiting, participants unanimously preferred EV.
Characterization and Use of Polyfluorosiloxanes in Automotive Applications

Polysiloxanes are routinely used in the semiconductor industry as die encapsulants. Thermal analysis, NMR, ion chromatography, and dielectric spectroscopy was used to characterize these polymers. The dielectric loss spectrum was found to be directly related to the long term electrical stability of the encapsulated die, and was also found to be a more sensitive technique for determining the concentration of electronically active impurities than GC/MS, and ion chromatography. Dielectric spectroscopy was also used to study the diffusion of acids, and water, through these polymers. While the solubility of acids and water in these materials is low, their diffusion constants are high, on the order of 10−4 cm2/s. In addition, the interaction of the encapsulant with the silicon nitride passivation used on the die surface was found to have an effect on the long term stability of the device. This is believed to be due to the formation of a conductive layer at the silicon nitride/polymer interface which ultimately forms a leakage path between the bond pads, or into the silicon nitride passivation layer.
NEGOTIATING THE UNKNOWN: A COMPULSORY LICENSING SOLUTION TO THE ORPHAN WORKS PROBLEM

The artistic heritage of the United States is rotting away in “the bowels of a few great libraries,” providing value to no one. If the owner of a work’s copyrights is unknown or cannot be located, then the work cannot be licensed for use in new creative projects or preserved in a digital form, and is often unavailable to the public. To combat this “orphan works” problem, the Copyright Office has proposed a statutory limitation on infringement liability for users of orphan works who have completed a “reasonably diligent” search for the work’s owner. However, this limited liability approach provides only a half-measure of the legislative medicine needed to cure the orphan works problem. This Article argues that a compulsory licensing system is needed as well. Among other benefits, a compulsory license for orphan works would help minimize search, transaction, and administrative costs for users, incentivize investment in orphan works projects, and provide the flexibility necessary to bring major archival and restoration projects up to scale.
Celebrating the ASN at 50

By bringing together individuals with complementary expertise, interests, and ideals, medical societies realize shared goals and ultimately improve care for people worldwide. For the past 50 years, the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) has achieved these objectives and accomplished its initial
Tools for Sea Urchin Genomic Analysis

The Sea Urchin Genome Project Web site, SpBase ( http://SpBase.org ), in association with a suite of publicly available sequence comparison tools provides a platform from which to analyze genes and genomic sequences of sea urchin. This information system is specifically designed to support laboratory bench studies in cell and molecular biology. In particular these tools and datasets have supported the description of the gene regulatory networks of the purple sea urchin S. purpuratus. This chapter details methods to undertake in the first steps to find genes and noncoding regulatory sequences for further analysis.
Brief Announcement: A QPTAS for Non-preemptive Speed-scaling

Modern processors typically allow dynamic speed-scaling offering an effective trade-off between high throughput and energy efficiency. In a classical model, a processor/machine runs at speed s when consuming power sα where α >1 is a constant. Yao et al. [FOCS 1995] studied the problem of completing all jobs before their deadlines on a single machine with the minimum energy in their seminal work and gave a nice polynomial time algorithm. The influential work has been extended to various settings. In particular, the problem has been extensively studied in the presence of multiple machines as multi-core processors have become dominant computing units. However, when jobs must be scheduled non-preemptively, our understanding of the problem remains fairly unsatisfactory. Often, preempting a job is prohibited since it could be very costly. Previously, a O((wmax wmin)α)-approximation was known for the non-preemptive setting where wmax and wmin denote the maximum and minimum job sizes, respectively. Even when there is only one machine, the best known approximation factor had a dependency on α. In this paper, for any fixed α >1 and e >0, we give the first (1+e)-approximation for this problem on multiple machines which runs in nO(polylog (n)) time where n is the number of jobs to be scheduled.
Hematological abnormalities in neonatal patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

The physical process of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) results in derangement of the hemostatic mechanism, which may lead to increased morbidity, secondary to the disease process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hematological status of neonates undergoing ECMO therapy, and to evaluate coagulation tests in predicting hemorrhagic risk. Following Institutional Review Board approval, 30 patients undergoing ECMO treatment were retrospectively entered into this study. Medical records were reviewed and indicators of hemostasis, transfusion, morbidity, and outcomes recorded. Assessment of coagulation was determined through serial analysis of platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), antithrombin III, fibrin split products, D-dimers, plasma free hemoglobin, activated clotting time, ionized calcium, and thrombelastography (TEG). Median total transfusion requirements for all patients were 1.79 ml/kg/ECMO hr. Fifty-seven percent of the 30 patients were diagnosed as coagulopathic according to Extracorporeal Life Support Organization standards. Patients were separated into either a hemorrhagic group (HEM, >2.0 ml/kg/ECMO hr, n=13) or a nonhemorrhagic group (N-HEM, n=17), with HEM patients requiring twice the transfusion volume of N-HEM (p<0.0001). Hemorrhagic complications were reported in 53.8% of the HEM patients vs. 35.3% in the N-HEM group. HEM patients were transfused with significantly greater quantities of platelets on days 1,3,5, and 8 and packed red blood cells on day 7 when compared to N-HEM (p<0.05). TEG determination showed significant differences between groups on days 3 and 6 (p<0.005), and 8 (p<0.05). Derangements in hemostasis resulting from ECMO are profound, with methods of assessing coagulation complicated by both the variability in patient condition and lack of specificity of laboratory tests. Interpretation of TEG data has shown to be a valuable supplement for managing this challenging patient population.
Un-fixing the race: Midcentury sonic Latinidad in the shadow of Hollywood

“Un-fixing the Race: Midcentury Sonic Latinidad in the Shadow of Hollywood” analyzes the careers of postwar-era crooner Andy Russell and jump blues musician Don Tosti to make the argument that while these artists were associated with symbolic Whiteness (Russell) and symbolic Blackness (Tosti), their musical practices engaged sonic Latinidad to express, rather than elude, their Mexican American cultural origins. Rejecting the option of acoustic “passing,” they employed Spanish language and pachuco Calo in their performances and recordings and claimed a space for Latinos as subjects, rather than exotic Others, within the project of borderlands modernity.
MO-DE-209-00: DBT Physics Basic to Advanced

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) is rapidly replacing mammography as the standard of care in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. DBT is a form of computed tomography, in which a limited set of projection images are acquired over a small angular range and reconstructed into tomographic data. The angular range varies from 15° to 50° and the number of projections varies between 9 and 25 projections, as determined by the equipment manufacturer. It is equally valid to treat DBT as the digital analog of classical tomography – that is, linear tomography. In fact, the name “tomosynthesis” stands for “synthetic tomography.” DBT shares many common features with classical tomography, including the radiographic appearance, dose, and image quality considerations. As such, both the science and practical physics of DBT systems is a hybrid between computed tomography and classical tomographic methods. In this lecture, we will explore the continuum from radiography to computed tomography to illustrate the characteristics of DBT. This lecture will consist of four presentations that will provide a complete overview of DBT, including a review of the fundamentals of DBT acquisition, a discussion of DBT reconstruction methods, an overview of dosimetry for DBT systems, and summary of the underlying image theory of DBT thereby relating image quality and dose. Learning Objectives: 1.To understand the fundamental principles behind tomosynthesis image acquisition. 2.To understand the fundamentals of tomosynthesis image reconstruction. 3.To learn the determinants of image quality and dose in DBT, including measurement techniques. 4.To learn the image theory underlying tomosynthesis, and the relationship between dose and image quality. ADM is a consultant to, and holds stock in, Real Time Tomography, LLC. ADM receives research support from Hologic Inc., Analogic Inc., and Barco NV.; ADM is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for Gamma Medica Inc.; A. Maidment, Research Support, Hologic, Inc.; Research Support, Barco, Inc.; Scientific Advisory Board, Gamma Medica, Inc.; Scientific Advisory Board, Real-Time Tomography, LLC.; Shareholder, Real-Time Tomography, LLC; J. Mainprize, Our lab has a research agreement with GE Healthcare on various topics in digital mammography and digital tomosynthesis; W. Zhao, Research grant from Siemens Health Care
Dietary energy density and obesity: how consumption patterns differ by body weight status

Recent public health messages have advised consumers to lower dietary energy density (ED) for weight management, but it is not known whether the proportion of the diet from low-ED foods is related to weight status. In a nationally representative sample of US adults, we evaluated whether the proportions of dietary energy intake contributed by low- and high-ED foods are associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Data were from a cross-sectional sample of 9551 adults ≥18 years in the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). ED (kcal/g) was calculated for each food item reported during a 24-h dietary recall; individual foods were divided into five ED categories: very low ED ( 4.0 kcal/g). The percentages of total energy and the food weight from each category were evaluated by BMI and WC after controlling for total energy intake and other covariates. Men classified as lean (BMI 30 kg/m2); 5.2 %very low and 20.1low %; p-trends <0.001very low, 0.002low). Similarly, women classified as lean reported intakes of very low-ED foods of 7.8 % (vs. 6.4 % for women with obesity) of total energy and low-ED foods of 24.7 % (vs. 21.5 % for women with obesity) of total energy (p-trends 0.007very low, 0.004low). Men and women with obesity reported greater proportions of energy from high-ED foods (45.9 %men with obesity vs. 42.4 %lean men, 44.2 %women with obesity vs. 39.9 %lean women) with significant statistical trends (men = 0.008, women = 0.0005). Similar patterns were observed for intakes of proportions of very low-, low-, and high-ED foods and WC. Higher proportions of energy intake and food weight contributed by very low- and low-ED foods are associated with lower BMI (and WC).
Using Policy Modeling to Describe the Negotiation Exchange

This is a study of the points of view in a negotiation. Policy modeling, a new method for understanding utilities, is discussed. With policy modeling, the importance weights, subjective values, and a trade-off strategy were estimated from prenegotiation ratings. With these parameters, the values of unfamiliar offers made during a negotiation then also could be estimated. The utility models of the individual negotiators allowed display of the pattern or “dance” of offers of a particular negotiation. These graphs showed a surprising stability of utilities prior to and during the negotiation. Individual negotiator's offers and perceptions of the opponent's offers during negotiation were consistent with the utility predicted from the policy model. Results are discussed in terms of the important role of utilities in negotiation and the potential for this new method to examine variables that may influence, or cause a departure from, the stability of utilities during negotiation.
Design of a MRAS-type sliding mode observer for estimation of the rotor time constant of the induction motor

The paper discusses the problem of estimating the rotor time constant of the induction motor. Estimation is done considering that the stationary frame fluxes are available. The fluxes are obtained using a voltage model observer - the paper assumes that the stator resistance and the magnetizing inductance of the motor are known, therefore, the fluxes are accurate. The inverse of the rotor time constant is estimated with a MRAS-type sliding mode observer that uses the incoming fluxes to construct the feedback terms; it also uses a speed signal at the input. Since the speed may be inaccurate, this affects the estimation process. The paper shows that the error in the estimated rotor time constant can be reduced by operating the induction motor with a low ratio of i d to i q . The estimation method involves only simple mathematics and is not computationally intensive. The theoretical claims of the paper are supported with simulations and experiments.
Reduced graphene oxide and gel polymer based thin film supercapacitor

This work reports a thin-film supercapacitor featuring advanced electrode and electrolyte materials and the capability of integration on SiO 2 /Si substrate. Conventional supercapacitors see their limit including low effective surface area electrode, low voltage-tolerance electrolyte, and bulky size. This work addresses these issues by the following novelties: 1) spray-coated rGO electrode layer with the high surface area, 2) quasi-solid gel polymer electrolyte layer using ionic liquid with high electrochemical voltage window (> 3 V), and 3) thin film (100 μm thick electrode) profile. The experimental results show the prototype generated 6 times higher energy density than the activated carbon sample. Our work pushes forward to a chip-scale energy storage solution for upcoming internet of things (IoT) applications.
Magnesium in inflammation-associated fetal brain injury

Injury to the fetal and perinatal brain is one of the leading causes of lifetime neurodevelopmental morbidity and mortality in children and affects more than 6,000 children born in the United States each year [1, 2]. The neonatal brain is vulnerable due to its rapid rate of growth and development and immature immunological mechanisms [3]. While the etiology of injury differs across the developmental spectrum with regard to gestational age, infection and inflammation play an important role in brain injury, especially in the very preterm neonate [4]. We now know that the most prevalent mechanism responsible for preterm birth and especially preterm birth < 28 weeks is mediated by inflammation [5]. The neonates born in the setting of infection or inflammation are at significantly increased risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes [6, 7]. Clinical and epidemiological studies demonstrate the association between maternal infection, neonatal brain damage, and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the fetal brain, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid [8, 9]. Two meta-analyses conclude that clinical chorioamnionitis is a risk factor for both cerebral palsy and cystic PVL [10, 11]. There is also suggestion that less conspicuous infection as evidenced by histological chorioamnionitis is associated with brain injury and cerebral palsy [11]. Up to 50 % of infants who survive very preterm birth will suffer cognitive, behavioral, attention, and socialization deficits [12, 13]. Basic science studies using animal models (rodents, rabbits, cats, and sheep) have induced PWMD by inducing inflammation and infectious insults [14, 15]. Recently, a meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials of antenatal magnesium sulfate for the prevention of cerebral palsy and other neurological abnormalities has concluded that magnesium appears to be protective in neonates at risk for delivery less than 34 weeks. The basic science mechanisms for the neuroprophylaxis are not completely understood. This chapter will concentrate on best possible evidence for mechanisms by which magnesium sulfate appears to act as neuroprotectant in the premature brain at risk for preterm birth.
Phylogenetic patterns of foliar mineral nutrient accumulation among gypsophiles and their relatives in the Chihuahuan Desert

Premise of the study Gypsum endemism in plants (gypsophily) is common on gypsum outcrops worldwide, but little is known about the functional ecology of Chihuahuan Desert gypsophiles. We investigated whether leaf chemistry of gypsophile lineages from the northern Chihuahuan Desert are similar to leaves of related nonendemic (gypsovag) species relative to their soil chemistry. We expected widely distributed gypsophiles (hypothesized to be older lineages on gypsum) would have distinct leaf chemistry from narrowly distributed, relatively younger lineages endemic to gypsum and gypsovags, reflecting adaptation to gypsum. Methods We collected leaves from 23 gypsophiles and related nonendemic taxa growing on nongypsum soils. Soils and leaves were analyzed for Ca, S, Mg, K, N, and P. Leaf gypsum was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Key results Most widespread gypsophile lineages that are hypothesized to be relatively old accumulate foliar S, Ca, and gypsum, but younger gypsophile lineages and closely related gypsovags do not. Young, narrowly distributed gypsophile lineages have leaf chemical signatures similar to nonendemic congeners and confamilials. Conclusions Our data suggest multiple adaptive mechanisms support life on gypsum in Chihuahuan Desert gypsophiles. Most widespread gypsophiles are specialized for life on gypsum, likely due to shared abilities to accumulate and assimilate S and Ca in leaves. In contrast, narrowly distributed gypsophiles may have mechanisms to exclude excess S and Ca from their leaves, preventing toxicity. Future work will investigate the nutrient accumulation and exclusion patterns of other plant organs to determine at what level excess S and Ca uptake is restricted for young-lineage gypsophiles and gypsovags.
A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Aspirin Use and Progression of Emphysema-like Lung Characteristics on CT Imaging: The MESA Lung Study.

Background Platelet activation reduces pulmonary microvascular blood flow and contributes to inflammation; these factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD and emphysema. We hypothesized that regular use of aspirin, a platelet inhibitor, would be associated with a slower progression of emphysema-like lung characteristics on CT imaging and a slower decline in lung function. Methods The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) enrolled participants 45 to 84 years of age without clinical cardiovascular disease from 2000 to 2002. The MESA Lung Study assessed the percentage of emphysema-like lung below –950 Hounsfield units ("percent emphysema") on cardiac (2000-2007) and full-lung CT scans (2010-2012). Regular aspirin use was defined as 3 or more days per week. Mixed-effect models adjusted for demographics, anthropometric features, smoking, hypertension, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II-receptor blocker use, C-reactive protein levels, sphingomyelin levels, and scanner factors. Results At baseline, the 4,257 participants' mean (± SD) age was 61 ± 10 years, 54% were ever smokers, and 22% used aspirin regularly. On average, percent emphysema increased 0.60 percentage points over 10 years (95% CI, 0.35-0.94). Progression of percent emphysema was slower among regular aspirin users compared with patients who did not use aspirin (fully adjusted model: –0.34% /10 years, 95% CI, –0.60 to –0.08; P = .01). Results were similar in ever smokers and with doses of 81 and 300 to 325 mg and were of greater magnitude among those with airflow limitation. No association was found between aspirin use and change in lung function. Conclusions Regular aspirin use was associated with a more than 50% reduction in the rate of emphysema progression over 10 years. Further study of aspirin and platelets in emphysema may be warranted.
Experiential Group Psychotherapy Supervision

Following a review of various traditional models of supervising group therapy, an experiential model of supervising group in a group setting is presented. The model stresses the group aspect of the supervisory process, encourages group interaction, here-and-now responses and associations, and employs concepts from both object relations and group-as-a-whole theory to understand what is taking place. The model's premise is that case material presented in a supervision group stimulates parallel material in supervisees, which is then used to elucidate what has taken place in the therapy group being presented. Excerpts from one supervisory group are used to illustrate major features of the model.
Medical schools in the United States, 2012-2013.

Thefollowingtablescontaindata thatarederivedmainly fromthe2012-2013LiaisonCommitteeonMedicalEducation(LCME)AnnualMedicalSchoolQuestionnairePart II. The questionnairewas sent in February 2013 to the deans of the136LCME-accreditedmedicalschoolswithenrolledstudents. Therewasa100%responserate.Eachquestionnairewasreviewed andattemptsweremade toverify informationandobtainmissingdata.Data foryearsother than2012-2013wereobtainedfrom previous LCMEAnnualMedical School Questionnaires. Author Affiliations:Medical Education Group, AmericanMedical Association, Chicago, Illinois. Corresponding Author: Barbara Barzansky, PhD, Division of Undergraduate Medical Education, AmericanMedical Association, 330 NWabash Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 (barbara.barzansky@ama-assn.org). Conflict of Interest Disclosures: The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJEFormforDisclosureofPotentialConflictsof Interestandnonewere reported. Funding/Support: This research was funded solely by the AmericanMedical Association, which employs Dr Barzansky andMs Etzel.
Rapid changes in the microvascular circulation of skeletal muscle impair insulin delivery during sepsis

Sepsis costs the healthcare system $23 billion annually and has a mortality rate between 10 and 40%. An early indication of sepsis is the onset of hyperglycemia, which is the result of sepsis-induc...
The Ball Game Is for the Boys: The Visual Framing of Female Athletes on National Sports Networks’ Instagram Accounts:

Despite the growth of female participation in sports, media coverage of female athletics remains stagnant. Scholarship regarding the treatment of female athletes in magazines, newspapers, and news ...
Herrenvolk Democracy: The Rise of the Alt-Right in Trump’s America

As Hillary Clinton warned that Donald Trump was aiding the Alt-Right’s movement to take over the Republican Party by making extremism acceptable to mainstream Americans, white nationalists were celebrating it. What does this mean for American democracy? Political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt argue that Trump’s election to the presidency signals a threat to American democracy because (1) he has “no real allegiance to democratic norms” and (2) because the Republican Party failed to maintain those norms by catering to Tea Party extremism which undermined mutual toleration and institutional restraint. This chapter argues that Trump’s successful presidential bid and the 2016 GOP platform stem from an ideology of white racial normalcy and a race-based nationalism that emerges out of Southern Civil Religion, thereby reinventing nineteenth-century Herrenvolk democracy for the twenty-first century. It examines how the rise of the Alt-Right was legitimized through neoconservative appeals to white victimology, the erosion of traditional values, and the crisis of fragmentation allegedly posed by cultural pluralism and liberal democracy, and how its agenda was codified through the 2016 GOP platform.
Significant suppression of surface leakage in GaSb/AlAsSb heterostructure with Al2O3 passivation

This work develops a (NH4)2S/Al2O3 passivation technique for photodiode-based GaSb/AlAsSb heterostructure. Surface-sulfurated GaSb/AlAsSb heterostructure mesas show a significant suppression of reversed-bias dark current by 4–5 orders of magnitude after they are further passivated by Al2O3 layers. So the mesa sidewalls treated with (NH4)2S/Al2O3 layers can effectively inhibit the shunt path of dark carriers. The activation energies for both bulk and surface components are extracted from temperature-dependent current–voltage characteristics, which suggest that the bulk characteristics remain unchanged, while Fermi-level pinning at surfaces is alleviated. Additionally, temperature coefficients of the breakdown voltage are extracted, confirming that the breakdown process is confined entirely in the large bandgap AlAsSb regions. This study shows that the implementation of (NH4)2S/Al2O3 passivation can lead to room temperature GaSb-based photodiodes and GaSb/AlAsSb-based avalanche photodiodes for highly efficient photodetection.
Who Is Afraid of Judgment Aggregation

There are two different fundamental conceptions of the task of social aggregation: interest aggregation and judgment aggregation. While the former aims at the fair and efficient trade-off of personal interests, the latter aims the best resolution of disagreement. Both are possible interpretations of the standard preference aggregation and preference-based voting problems. This note makes two broad points. First, the judgment aggregation conception is not yet well understood and remains undertheorized. Second, the difference between the two conceptions matters; it is a difference that makes a difference. To substantiate the first point, we argue that judgment aggregation as resolution of disagreement cannot be subsumed under statistical aggregation in the manner of Condorcet’s jury theorem, and sketch a more specific articulation as “reflexive consensus under arguable disagreement”. To substantiate the second point, we illustrate the difference in the context of two important voting rules, the Kemeny rule and Majority Judgment.
A New Catheter Technique to Correct Severe IVC Filter Tilt during Placement

Introduction Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter tilt is a common complication that occurs during and after filter placement. Severe tilting leads to reduced filter efficacy, lower retrieval success, and higher complication rates during retrieval. We present a novel catheter technique to correct severely tilted cone-shaped IVC filters without having to retrieve and replace the existing filter. Methods A retrospective review was performed for patients at our institution over three years who had severely tilted filters and underwent correction with the catheter technique. Indications for filter placement were categorized, and patient age, gender, tilt correction outcome, and complication rates were collected and analyzed. After severe tilting was noted on post-IVC filter deployment venogram, a Sos catheter was passed via the same femoral access site used for the filter placement. The catheter tip was reformed inside the cone of the filter and was used to push the filter tip back toward midline. Completion venogram was taken to document the amelioration of the tilt. Results Out of 28 patients who were found to have severely tilted filters on deployment and underwent correction with the catheter technique, 27/28 (96.4%) had successful correction. One (3.6%) had a minor complication where the filter struts became entangled with the catheter tip; however, simple maneuvering of the catheter and use of a stiff wire to straighten the catheter loop freed up the entanglement. No major complications occurred. Conclusion This technique is safe, effective, obviates filter replacement, and can be considered an additional management option for severe IVC filter tilt during placement.
Taking an Independent Research Course in Psychology: Different Teaching Models Lead to Very Different Experiences:

Students majoring in psychology are often required or encouraged to have hands-on experience in the field. One way to gain experience is through an independent research experience (IRE); however, l...
A Simple Linear Time-Variant Theory of Superregeneration

We present a simple and intuitive analysis of super-regeneration that takes into account the periodically time-varying nature of a superregen operated in linear mode. We analyze the low-pass equivalent of a superregen as a starting point. Insights from this analysis guide the formal derivation of the amplifier's time-dependent impulse response, as well as of the operating conditions under which it is valid. Using the impulse response, we can easily determine the amplifier's response to arbitrary inputs as well as its frequency domain properties.
Designing with Genes in Early Childhood: An exploratory user study of the tangible CRISPEE technology

Abstract Biodesign, a speculative and creative offshoot from the field of bioengineering, is an area of STEM that is growing in popularity in education settings, primarily because of its unique interdisciplinary lens that connects STEM disciplinary knowledge and creative design practices. Although this trend is currently limited to middle school, high school, and higher education, prior research suggests that children 5 years and older, may yield long-term gains from exploring developmentally-appropriate concepts from novel STEM fields. Although there is little research on educational technologies or resources to support young children’s curiosity and learning in this novel domain, some research suggests that young children may already be forming preconceptions about genetics and biology (e.g., from popular media). Tangible technologies, which provide children qualitatively new, developmentally appropriate ways to engage with ideas and techniques, have been shown to support children’s engagement with foundational ideas relevant to biodesign, including the engineering design process. By applying developmentally appropriate constraints to our technology development (e.g., through frameworks such as the Positive Technological Development), the research team developed and evaluated a novel tangible technology called CRISPEE to introduce young children to concepts of biology and engineering. This article describes an experimental pilot study to investigate (1) how young children interact with the CRISPEE technological prototype, and (2) what prior knowledge the average child might bring to an educational biodesign activity. Implications for ongoing technology development and developmentally appropriate learning goals are discussed.
A 3D Animation Tool for Simulating Fish Escape Behavior

Flocking behavior in animals has long been an area of interest in computer animation. Various tools have been developed to help animators simulate flocking behavior without coding. Most of these tools are based on the classic flocking behavior model, which has simplistic escape behavior rules. Certain species, such as fish, has much more sophisticated escape behaviors. In this paper, present a new plug-in for Blender (FishEscapeSim) that can simulate more sophisticated fish escape behavior and predator-prey interactions. Our fish escape behavior model is based on the observations from biological research. We discuss the design and implementation of this tool and demonstrate its usage. This tool can help animators quickly create more realistic fish escape behavior without having to write code.
Pediatric Trichotillomania

Trichotillomania (TTM) is an impulse control disorder characterized by chronic hair-pulling, distress, and impairment. Although the negative effects of TTM are documented and often readily evident, there remains a paucity of psychopathology and treatment research on this disorder, particularly in pediatric populations. In an effort to improve assessment of pediatric TTM, several TTM-specific instruments for youth have now been developed to reliably identify symptoms and examine related phenomenology. Instrument development has now yielded instruments to evaluate TTM and related symptoms in the context of clinical trials of youth, and the first randomized controlled trial of any treatment for pediatric TTM was recently published. Using the initial pediatric TTM studies as building blocks, future research is now needed to create a stronger body of knowledge about the relative and combined efficacy of potential interventions for TTM in youth, as well as to examine the effects of TTM phenomenology and comorbidity on treatment outcome. Dissemination efforts must also be heightened for this knowledge to best reach these vulnerable populations.
Valvular Heart Disease in Athletes

Valvular heart disease is prevalent in older athletes with primarily degenerative valvular disorders and younger athletes with congenital or genetic syndromes. Limited data exist on the risks and benefits of exercise for athletes with underlying valvular disorders, so current guidelines are primarily based upon expert consensus. This review focuses on the current data, guideline recommendations, and emerging clinical conundrums for athletes with common valvular heart conditions including aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), mitral regurgitation (MR), mitral valve prolapse (MVP), and thoracic aortic aneurysms. Aortic growth appears similar in athletes compared to non-athletes with BAV. Return to exercise following mitral valve repair for primary MR does not seem to lead to significant valve deterioration or adverse outcomes in short-term follow-up. Longitudinal cohort studies of athletes with MVP have suggested that ventricular arrhythmias can be common, but sudden cardiac death is rare. Aortic dilation is uncommon in young otherwise healthy athletes, but can commonly be found in older endurance and strength athletes. Valvular heart conditions in athletes are prevalent in clinical practice; however, there are limited data on the outcomes in these patients to drive guideline development and clinical decision-making. Future research should focus on defining the risks of continual exercise on outcomes in patients with known valvular disease, the optimal time for valve repair/replacement, and the risks of returning to exercise following valvular intervention.
Concrete Production on Nuclear Power Plant Projects

This paper provides a general overview of the concrete production and placement process on nuclear power plant construction projects. Particular emphasis is directed towards those practices that differ significantly from commerical concrete construction practices. The paper deals specifically with: (1)The batch plant facility; (2)material quatification of cement, aggregate, and water; (3)material storage requirements; (4)formwork; (5)reinforcement; (6)cadwelding; (7)concrete placement; (8)consolidation; and (9)acceptance criteria.
Geniculo-cortical connections in primates: normal and experimentally altered development.

Publisher Summary This chapter emphasizes on the emergence of afferent connections from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd) of the thalamus to the primary visual cortex (area 17) in the cerebrum of fetal rhesus monkeys. Author started this series of studies with the hope that it would enhance the understanding of normal and pathological development in the human visual system and perhaps elucidate indirectly the pathogenesis of various congenital disorders of the cerebral cortex. The developing visual cortex seems to be a reasonable experimental model for that purpose because its cellular organization and characteristics of binocular and color vision are remarkably similar in both monkeys and man. The chapter is concerned with the basic anatomical organization of geniculo-cortical input in the adult monkey. Later it deals with critical developmental events and prenatal mechanisms that may be at play during the genesis of the normal pattern of geniculo-cortical connections in primates. Finally, the morphological consequences of selective prenatal destruction of eye(s) that affect secondarily the development of central visual pathways are used as a criterion for determining the extent of capacity for synaptic reorganization within the primate visual cortex.
Topological Field Theory

The fundamental problem facing string theory at present is our inability to select its true vacuum nonperturbatively. Until the true string vacuum can be discovered, it is impossible to determine whether the theory predicts nonsense, and must be discarded as yet another failed attempt at a unified field theory, or gives a valid description of our universe and a unification of all known quantum forces. The frustration is that string theory has been evolving backward, ever since its accidental discovery in 1968 by Veneziano and Suzuki, so its underlying geometry is totally unknown.
Decay of Light Elements in Stellar Envelopes

I should like to confine this discussion of the decay of the light elements to Li, Be, and B since the observations of D and He3 in stars are not relevant to the decay in stellar envelopes. The light elements are trace constituents best observed in the resonance lines. Only Li I and Be II have resonance lines which can be studied from ground-based observations. Therefore we know the most about abundances in stars where these ions can be observed and how those abundances are affected by stellar evolution. I will first discuss the cosmic or initial abundances of Li, Be, and B to establish the “zero-point” from which the decay occurs. Then observations and interpretations relevant to the decay and to stellar evolution will be considered.
Transphoresis and Isotachophoresis—Automatable Fast Analysis of Electrolytes, Proteins, and Cells, with Suppression of Gravitational Effects

Transphoresis and isotachophoresis are defined as related fast high-resolution displacement electrophoretic methods, in which there are sharply separated compartments of uniform concentration, without gaussian zones. Electrical detection allows simultaneous analog or digital expression of quantity and identity from a single staircase signal. Use of free solution or dilute colloid in a capillary allows mechanical sample introduction, flushing, and reloading. Microliters of sample and inexpensive stock solutions are used and subnanomole quantities may be analyzed in minutes or seconds. All ions of one sign are analyzed simultaneously without staining, chemical reaction, or elution. The method is suitable for body fluids, and possibly for use with serum proteins. Temperature effects are less severe than in zone methods; but for proteins and cells gravitational distortions must be circumvented by rotation, stirring density gradients, or isopycnic solvents. Results of small ion, protein, and cell separations are given, and a separation in zero-gravity in Skylab is referred to.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is upregulated in the cervical dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord and contributes to the maintenance of pain from facet joint injury in the rat.

The facet joint is commonly associated with neck and low back pain and is susceptible to loading-induced injury. Although tensile loading of the cervical facet joint has been associated with inflammation and neuronal hyperexcitability, the mechanisms of joint loading-induced pain remain unknown. Altered brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are associated with a host of painful conditions, but the role of BDNF in loading-induced joint pain remains undefined. Separate groups of rats underwent a painful cervical facet joint distraction or a sham procedure. Bilateral forepaw mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed and BDNF mRNA and protein levels were quantified in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord at days 1 and 7. Facet joint distraction induced significant (P < 0.001) mechanical hypersensitivity at both time points. Painful joint distraction did not alter BDNF mRNA in the DRG compared with sham levels but did significantly increase (P < 0.016) BDNF protein expression over sham in the DRG at day 7. Painful distraction also significantly increased BDNF mRNA (P = 0.031) and protein expression (P = 0.047) over sham responses in the spinal cord at day 7. In a separate study, intrathecal administration of the BDNF-sequestering molecule trkB-Fc on day 5 after injury partially attenuated behavioral sensitivity after joint distraction and reduced pERK in the spinal cord at day 7 (P < 0.045). Changes in BDNF after painful facet joint injury and the effect of spinal BDNF sequestration in partially reducing pain suggest that BDNF signaling contributes to the maintenance of loading-induced facet pain but that additional cellular responses are also likely involved.
Toward a maximally effective means for analysis of hyperspectral data

In this paper we describe efforts toward a hyperspectral land remote sensing data analysis procedure that would be maximally effective for use by a broad community of future users. Though there would be dependence of performance achieved on the spectral subspace and the classification algorithm used, the major dependence is on how well the user quantitatively defines the classes desired. Thus the attempt is to measure this dependence for typical users and to introduce means that mitigate the problem of class and training definition.