cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of kinin release in isolated rat hindquarters

We studied the determinants of kinin release into the venous effluent of rat hindquarters perfused with Krebs bicarbonate buffer. Kinin release in preparations perfused with control media (14.6 ± 2.5–20.7 ± 6.7 pg/15 min) was surpassed by that in preparations perfused with media containing kininase inhibitors (243 ± 53 to 276 ± 78 pg/15 min). Kinin release increased when purified kininogen (from 242 ± 43 to 3,365 ± 725 pg/15 min) or kallikrein (from 270 ± 49 to 30,649 ± 8,040 pg/15 min) was added to the perfusate. Conversely, kinin release fell when the kallikrein inhibitor aprotinin (from 272 ± 58 to 122 ± 27 pg/15 min) or soybean trypsin inhibitor (from 273 ± 52 to 195 ± 25 pg/15 min) was added. Both basal and kininogen-induced kinin release were attenuated in preparations perfused with media containing cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, but kallikrein-induced kinin release was not. These data suggest that kinin release from perfused rat hindquarters reflects the activity of both the kinin-degrading and kinin-generating pathways and that the latter is sustained by a kallikrein manufactured de novo and by preexistent kininogen(s).
Multi-Score Position Auctions

In this paper we propose a general family of position auctions used in paid search, which we call multi-score position auctions. These auctions contain the GSP auction and the GSP auction with squashing as special cases. We show experimentally that these auctions contain special cases that perform better than the GSP auction with squashing, in terms of revenue, and the number of clicks on ads. In particular, we study in detail the special case that squashes the first slot alone and show that this beats pure squashing (which squashes all slots uniformly). We study the equilibria that arise in this special case to examine both the first order and the second order effect of moving from the squashing-all-slots auction to the squash-only-the-top-slot auction. For studying the second order effect, we simulate auctions using the value-relevance correlated distribution suggested in Lahaie and Pennock [2007]. Since this distribution is derived from a study of value and relevance distributions in Yahoo! we believe the insights derived from this simulation to be valuable. For measuring the first order effect, in addition to the said simulation, we also conduct experiments using auction data from Bing over several weeks that includes a random sample of all auctions.
Applying Ibn Khaldun: the recovery of a lost tradition in sociology / Makers of Islamic civilization: Ibn Khaldun

Syed F. Alatas presents an ambitious agenda in his book Applying Ibn Khaldun. He suggests that much has been written about Ibn Khaldun, but few have actually applied his concepts ‘to specific histo...
Neonatal Transfusion Practices: Results of a National Survey

The current status of neonatal transfusion practices was investigated encompassing the areas of blood component selection, component processing, and product administration. A neonatal hemotherapy questionnaire was mailed to 25 free-standing pediatric institutions. Questionnaires were analyzed and interpreted for current trends in neonatal medicine. CPD and CPD-A1 red blood cells less than seven days old and less than five days old, respectively, are the red cell products of choice for routine and exchange transfusions. The majority of institutions surveyed routinely provide cytomegalovirus seronegative and irradiated red cell products. Current trends in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were also investigated.
Quaternary uplift and seismic cycle deformation, Península de Nicoya, Costa Rica

Differing rates and styles of Quaternary deformation along the Costa Rican fore arc reflect segmentation of the trench corresponding with three contrasting domains of subducting sea floor offshore. Rapid upward flexure of the southern fore-arc segment results from the subduction of the buoyant Cocos Ridge, whereas moderate deformation along the central fore-arc segment reflects the subduction of buoyant seamounts. In contrast, the northern Costa Rican fore arc deforms in response to the subduction of relatively dense sea floor devoid of major bathymetric anomalies. Quaternary geomorphic evidence and earthquake oral histories from the Peninsula de Nicoya, within the northern Costa Rican fore arc, demonstrate arcward tilting of the fore-arc crust, with discrete uplift events occurring during large subduction earthquakes. Uplift rates calculated from the late Holocene Cabuya terrace, along the peninsula's trench-perpendicular southeastern coast, decrease systematically toward the arc, from 4.5 m/k.y. at Cabuya to 1.7 m/k.y. at Montezuma, 8 km to the northeast. An uplifted carbonate beachrock horizon (radiocarbon age: 4500–5200 yr B.P.), correlated between Cabuya and Montezuma, is tilted 0.1° downward toward the arc. Although Quaternary uplift is evident as far arcward as Tambor, 10 km northeast of Montezuma, uplifted terraces are absent between Tambor and the Golfo de Nicoya. A submerged archaeological site (radiocarbon age: 2500 yr B.P.), located along the Golfo de Nicoya coast 30 km northeast of Montezuma, demonstrates late Holocene subsidence of 0.5 m/k.y. These data indicate net late Holocene arcward tilting of the peninsula at an angular rotation rate of between 0.01° and 0.02°/k.y. Oral histories describing the M 7.7 Nicoya subduction earthquake of 5 October 1950 provide evidence of seismic cycle deformation along the peninsula's southwestern coast between Puerto Carrillo and Nosara. Interviews with 48 residents show that coseismic uplift of at least 1 m affected this coastline, and that a significant fraction of this uplift has subsequently been reversed during four decades of gradual subsidence. The coseismic deformation pattern, estimated from a uniform slip dislocation model for the 1950 earthquake, is consistent with both geomorphic and oral history evidence. These observations suggest that seismic cycle deformation functions as an important mechanism of vertical tectonism within the Costa Rican fore arc. Arcward rotation and doming of the Peninsula de Nicoya during the Quaternary may reflect repeated cycles of sudden coseismic deformation followed by gradual postseismic and/or interseismic crustal movement.
Epithelial cell migration in the alimentary mucosa of the suckling pig.

SummaryThe small intestinal villus epithelium in day-old pigs was replaced in 7-10 days, while that in 3-week-old pigs was replaced in 2-4 days. Decreased replacement time with age was associated with an increase in crypt depth and a decrease in villus length. Epithelia in the large intestine were also replaced more slowly in day-old than in 3-week-old pigs. Squamous epithelia in esophagus and stomach were replaced at similar rates in both age groups.
Managing degenerative arthritis of the hip.

Degenerative arthritis will continue to cause frequent adult disability until its etiology is better understood and an effective treatment is discovered. Symptoms often appear in the weight-bearing joints, particularly the hip. Management varies greatly, from that by unconcerned physicians who advise patients to “live with it” to that by those who recommend surgery in almost all cases. Neither extreme is appropriate. Instruction in protecting the joints and considerate care help most patients. Increasing evidence shows that surgical intervention can alter progression.
Comparison of Ten Selected Upland Rice Varieties

The growth and yield of ten upland rice varieties had been studied by methods of field trials and randomized block design.It showed that the yield of Huhan No15 was the highest;Zhonghan No211,Gannonghandao No1,and Lvhan No1 were ranked from second to fourth,respectively,but there is no obvious difference among them.Furthermore,the yield of Jiaohan No1,Jinyuan No85,and Hannuo No2 were ranked antepenultimate to reciprocal first,respectively.Thereinto,annonghandao No1,and Lvhan No1 performed best on the growth period,in disease resistance and other traits,which are adapted to planting and extending along Huaihe River region.
178 CERVICAL AUSCULTATION OF SWALLOWING SOUNDS IN INFANTS AND ADULTS

Purpose Cervical auscultation (CA) has been used to describe the stability of swallow-associated sounds of infant feeding. Initial discrete sounds (IDS), signals that predictably occur as the pressure in the pharynx increases with swallow, of low-risk preterm infants became more uniform with increasing postmenstrual age (PMA). This developmental progression is not present in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The purpose of this study is to identify the IDS signal of adult swallows and compare the stability of IDS signals of infants to that of adults. Additionally, we compared two acoustic detection devices for CA. Methods We performed CA with a microphone and an accelerometer simultaneously fixed to the neck of healthy adults (n = 10). Each participant consumed a liquid, a pureed food (applesauce) and a solid (cookie). The variance index (VI), a measure of the stability of the IDS signal, was used to compare the IDS of adults to that of a group of suckle-feeding low-risk preterm infants (n = 12). Low risk was defined as no ongoing oxygen requirement, no BPD, no IVH ≥ Grade III, and no sepsis. Results The microphone and accelerometer collected signals of similar duration. The signals collected by the microphone were vibratory and artificially amplified/attenuated according to the frequency response curve of the microphone. The signals collected by the accelerometer included additional inaudible signals, such as motion and pressure changes. The mean VI of adults swallowing liquid (29.9 ± 3.1 [SEM]), did not differ from preterm infants > 36 weeks PMA (37.8 ± 2.3) but was lower than the VI of infants Conclusion This is the first real-time comparison of microphones and accelerometers for CA. A microphone may be adequate for simple auditioning of cervical sounds. For more complex applications, an accelerometer should be considered. The stability of IDS signals of low-risk preterm infants approaches that of normal adults as the infants age, suggesting a link between the stability of IDS during early infant feeding and long-term neurologic development.
Patriarchy, Gendered Spheres, or Evolutionary Adaptation? A Cross-National Examination of Adolescent Boys and Girls Access to Home Resources

Abstract:Using data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), this article examines gender differences in obtaining a wide array of educational, social, and cultural resources across forty countries, and assesses the extent to which these differences are consistent with predictions that come from rational choice, cultural, and evolutionary approaches. Analyses confirm that daughters are the greater beneficiaries of social and cultural resources, as well as of some educational resources. Meanwhile, sons have greater exposure to a smaller number of resources that are conducive to the acquisition of technological skills. These patterns are consistent with the thesis that there are gendered spheres of investment in home resources. Although gender inequality measured at the national level reconfigures the effects of gender on home resources, particularly cultural activity, there appears to be some dearth of a strong consistent pattern about the cross-national variations in gender difference...
Emerging Diseases and Global Warming

Reading the article “Emerging Diseases: Keep Your Eye on the Bat(s)?” (Microbe, September 2007, p. 418) brings to memory my Dad's comments from my youth about the geese and the ducks. In Western Canada when the geese and ducks would fly south each fall a cold/flu would show up in the local population.
What Is Experiential Teaching

“Learning by experience” is a phrase that is widely used. It suggests that a person’s experience can be used to promote his learning. To understand the phrase, therefore, it is necessary to grasp and use the concept of learning and the concept of experience, and to know the teaching method that can be used to promote learning by experience.
Simulated optic flow and extrastriate cortex. II. Responses to bar versus large-field stimuli.

Mulligan, Kathleen, Jong-Nam Kim, and Helen Sherk. Simulated optic flow and extrastriate cortex. II. Responses to bar versus large-field stimuli. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 562–570, 1997. In the precedin...
K depletion alters angiotensin II receptor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Dietary K depletion (KD) results in increases in the number of angiotensin II (ANG II) receptors and prevents ANG II-induced downregulation of ANG II receptors in membrane preparations of vessels from KD animals. Because dietary KD results in changes in factors other than K, we K depleted vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in culture to determine the specific effects of KD on ANG II receptor expression and processing. Scatchard analysis of ANG II uptake at 4 degrees C revealed that the number of surface receptors was increased by 37% in cells in which K had been reduced by 45%. This increase also occurred in the presence of cycloheximide. To determine the effect of KD on receptor processing, we measured the number of surface receptors after exposure to ANG II in concentrations sufficient to cause down-regulation. After 30-min exposure to ANG II, the number of surface receptors was reduced by 63% in control cells but only 33% in KD cells. Thirty minutes after withdrawing ANG II, surface binding returned to basal levels in control cells but was still reduced by 20% in KD cells. To determine the functional significance of impaired receptor processing, we measured ANG II uptake at 21 degrees C. Uptake at 21 degrees C depends on the functional number of receptors, i.e., the absolute number of surface receptors and the rate at which receptors are recycled to the surface after ANG II binding. ANG II uptake at 21 degrees C was reduced by 50% in KD cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mayonnaise and Salad Dressing Products

The regulations on Definitions and Standurds of Identity for Food Dressings and Flavorings are published in 21 CFR 169,1994 and The Almanac, 1995.
Direct monitoring of pulmonary disease treatment biomarkers using plasmonic gold nanorods with diffusion-sensitive OCT

The solid concentration of pulmonary mucus (wt%) is critical to respiratory health. In patients with respiratory disease, such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD), mucus hydration is impaired, resulting in high wt%. Mucus with high wt% is a hallmark of pulmonary disease that leads to obstructed airways, inflammation, and infection. Methods to measure mucus hydration in situ and in real-time are needed for drug development and personalized therapy. We employed plasmonic gold nanorod (GNR) biosensors that intermittently collide with macromolecules comprising the mucus mesh as they self-diffuse, such that GNR translational diffusion (DT) is sensitive to wt%. GNRs are attractive candidates for bioprobes due to their anisotropic optical scattering that makes them easily distinguishable from native tissue using polarization-sensitive OCT. Using principles of heterodyne dynamic light scattering, we developed diffusion-sensitive optical coherence tomography (DS-OCT) to spatially-resolve changing DT in real-time. DS-OCT enables, for the first time, direct monitoring of changes in nanoparticle diffusion rates that are sensitive to nanoporosity with spatial and temporal resolutions of 4.7 μm and 0.2 s. DS-OCT therefore enables us to measure spatially-resolved changes in mucus wt% over time. In this study, we demonstrate the applicability of DS-OCT on well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells during a clinical mucus-hydrating therapy, hypertonic saline treatment (HST), to reveal, for the first time, mucus mixing, cellular secretions, and mucus hydration on the micrometer scale that translate to long-term therapeutic effects.
The Philosophical Justification for the Equant in Ptolemy’s Almagest

In this paper I offer a close reading of Ptolemy’s philosophical defense of the equant in Almagest 9.2. I identify the challenge to the equant that his defense is supposed to meet, characterizing it as a dispute concerning the origin and authority of the astronomer’s first principles (ἀρχαί). I argue that the equant could be taken to violate a principle fundamental to the Almagest’s astronomical project, namely, that the heavenly bodies move only in uniform circular motions. I show that Ptolemy is not unaware of this potential objection, and explore two ways in which he seeks to fend it off.
Temporal migration patterns between natal locations of ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) and their Gulf Coast stopover site.

Autumn latitudinal migrations generally exhibit one of two different temporal migration patterns: type 1 where southern populations migrate south before northern populations, or type 2 where northern populations overtake southern populations en route. The ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) is a species with an expansive breeding range, which allows opportunities to examine variation in the timing of migration. Our objective was to determine a relationship between natal origin of ruby-throated hummingbirds and arrival at a Gulf coast stopover site; and if so, what factors, such as differences in body size across the range as well as the cost of migration, might drive such a pattern. To carry out our objectives, we captured hummingbirds at a coastal stopover site during autumn migration, at which time we collected feathers from juveniles for analysis of hydrogen stable isotopes. Using the hydrogen stable isotope gradient of precipitation across North America and published hydrogen isotope values of feathers from populations of breeding ruby-throated hummingbirds, we assigned migrants to probable natal latitudes. Our results confirm that individuals from across the range (30–50° N) stopover along the Gulf of Mexico and there is a positive relationship between arrival day and latitude, suggesting a type 1 migration pattern. We also found no relationship between fuel load (proxy for migration cost) or fat-free body mass (proxy for body size) and natal latitude. Our results, coupled with previous work on the spatial migration patterns of hummingbirds, show a type 1 chain migration pattern. While the mechanisms we tested do not seem to influence the evolution of migratory patterns, other factors such as resource availability may play a prominent role in the evolution of this migration system.
The Role of Journal Writing in Senior High School Students’ Attitude toward Mathematics

The study investigated the influence of journal writing on the senior high school students’ attitude toward mathematics. A mixed-method approach, particularly the convergent parallel design, was used in this study. Using Scale on Attitude Toward Mathematics (SATM) (Guce & Talens, 2013), the students’ attitude toward the subject was measured in four subscales—liking or disliking mathematics, tendency to engage in or avoid mathematical activities, belief that one is good or bad in mathematics and belief that mathematics is useful or useless. Using focus group discussion, the insights of the students on journal writing as a mathematics class activity were gathered. Results using quantitative data revealed positive significant differences in the attitude of the respondents in terms of (i) liking mathematics and (ii) having the tendency to engage in mathematical activities. This aligned with the result in the focus group discussion which suggested that students perceive journal writing as a helpful tool for them to enjoy mathematics and engage in it. The activity, thus, may be regarded as a means to improve students’ attitude toward mathematics.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: The Physician's Role and Team Care Alternatives

The increasing perception of obesity as a disease is likely to encourage the presumption that obesity ought to be medicalized and managed in the format of a traditional disease model by the existing health care system. Many difficulties will arise from this approach because of factors such as the large numbers of affected patients, the inadequacy of health professionals' training, negative cultural views of obesity, and the inadequacy of financing (ie, health insurance) mechanisms. A series of conflicting expectations related to the services that can be provided by physicians will reinforce their reluctance to manage this disease. Much of the care of obese patients can, however, be provided by a nonphysician primary obesity care provider or team with the physician providing selected support services. Models of a modified team care system, using selected and specific nonphysician personnel and involving the patient in continuing management, may offer some new and effective options for the care of obese patients.
Redox Regulation of Transcription by Cigarette Smoke

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, claiming more than 438 000 lives per year. It is important that we gain a better understanding of the etiology of smoking-induced lung diseases in the hope that the effects of cigarette smoke can be ameliorated by medical intervention. This review focuses predominantly on the redox immunotoxicity of cigarette smoke, with particular reference to modulation of gene expression on NF-κB subunits and their signaling pathways.
Cryptographic Hashing from Strong One-Way Functions (Or: One-Way Product Functions and Their Applications)

Constructing collision-resistant hash families (CRHFs) from one-way functions is a long-standing open problem and source of frustration in theoretical cryptography. In fact, there are strong negative results: black-box separations from one-way functions that are exponentially secure against polynomial time adversaries (Simon, EUROCRYPT '98) and even from indistinguishability obfuscation (Asharov and Segev, FOCS '15). In this work, we formulate a mild strengthening of exponentially secure one-way functions, and we construct CRHFs from such functions. Specifically, our security notion requires that every polynomial time algorithm has an extremely small probability of inverting two independent challenges. More generally, we consider the problem of simultaneously inverting k functions, which we say constitute a "one-way product function" (OWPF). We show that sufficiently hard OWPFs yield hash families that are multi-input correlation intractable (Canetti, Goldreich, and Halevi, STOC '98) with respect to all sparse (bounded arity) output relations. Additionally assuming indistinguishability obfuscation, we construct hash families that achieve a broader notion of correlation intractability, extending the recent work of Kalai, Rothblum, and Rothblum (CRYPTO '17). In particular, these families are sufficient to instantiate the Fiat-Shamir heuristic in the plain model for a natural class of interactive proofs. An interesting consequence of our results is a potential new avenue for bypassing black-box separations. In particular, proving (with necessarily non-black-box techniques) that parallel repetition amplifies the hardness of specific one-way functions – for example, all one-way permutations – suffices to directly bypass Simon's impossibility result.
Estimates of the precision of total and regional soft tissue body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in persons with chronic spinal cord injury

Introduction In both the clinical and research setting, the total body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan is widely employed to measure longitudinal changes in fat tissue mass and lean tissue mass of the total body and regional areas in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Knowledge of the precision error is essential due to less than optimal limb positioning (i.e., joint contracture and spasticity) that could confound the reliability of body composition measurements. Objective The objective of this prospective observational study was to determine the short- and long-term reliability of total and regional soft tissue body composition assessments from a DXA total body scan in persons with motor-complete SCI. Methods Twenty-four individuals with SCI completed within day precision testing by repositioning study participants between scans (short-term precision error). An additional and separate cohort of 22 individuals with motor-complete SCI were scanned twice on a GE-Lunar Prodigy scanner separated by a 4-week interval (long-term precision error). To quantify precision error, the root mean square coefficient of variation percent (RMS-CV%) values and the inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values for the total body and regional areas (arms, legs, trunk, android, and gynoid regions) for all body composition variables [% fat mass, fat mass (kg), lean mass (kg), and total mass (kg)] were calculated and are presented. Results For all soft tissue body composition variables, the short-term precision assessment revealed the highest RMS-CV% from the body composition variables did not exceed 5.6%, 2.7%, 3.8%, 3.5%, 5.8% and 2.3% for arms, legs, trunk, android, gynoid, and total body, respectively. In the long-term precision assessment, revealed the highest RMS-CV% from the body composition variables did not exceed 6%, 3%, 4.4%, 6.7%, 3.4% and 1.96% for arms, legs, trunk, android, gynoid, and total body, respectively. To support the long-term precision error assessment, the interclass-correlation coefficient in the long-term precision group demonstrated excellent linear agreement between repeat scans for all regions (r ≥ 0.95). Conclusion Precision error of the total body and regional soft tissue body composition variables were similar to that reported in the non-disabled population. These findings support the use of DXA as a reliable method to assess longitudinal changes in the total body and regional areas from various pharmacological and therapeutic interventions in persons with SCI.
Constructing a Dual-Subjectivity: Understanding the Intersection of Ethnic Studies and YPAR

This article explores the outcomes of using participatory action research with youth (YPAR) as an entry point into Africana Studies. The author draws from empirical research and anecdotal narratives to document a program where youth of African descent in the US engage in Ethnic Studies through the lens of action research. Beginning with a tracing of the development of Ethnic Studies in the US, the author shows how combining Ethnic Studies and YPAR builds a dual-subjectivity within youth where they are subjects of their own curricular exploration and simultaneously developing a subjectivity as researchers and knowledge producers. The article highlights three major implications of this dual-subjectivity for the political agency of youth of African descent living in a midsized US city.
Game Theory Based Charging Solution for Networked Electric Vehicles: A Location-Aware Approach

The recent explosive adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs) has sparked considerable interest in academia in developing efficient charging schemes. Supported by the advanced vehicle-to-grid network, vehicles and charging stations can, respectively, make better charging and pricing decisions via real-time information sharing. In this paper, we study the charging problem in an intelligent transportation system, which consists of smart-grid enabled charging stations and networked EVs. Each vehicle aims to select a station with the lowest charging cost by considering the charging prices and its location, while the objective of a charging station is to maximize its revenue, given the charging strategy of the vehicles. We employ a multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game to model the interplay between the vehicles and charging stations, in which the location factor plays an important role. We show that the equilibrium of the followers’ subgame played by the vehicles exits, while the stations are able to reach an equilibrium of their subgame with respect to the charging prices. Therefore, the Nash equilibrium of the Stackelberg game is achievable using the proposed charging scheme. Finally, the performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated via extensive trace-driven simulations.
Assessment of Opioid Cross-reactivity and Provider Perceptions in Hospitalized Patients With Reported Opioid Allergies

Background: The incidence of opioid allergy cross-reactivity in hospitalized patients with historical opioid allergies remains unknown. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence of newly suspected IgE-mediated reactions (IMRs) based on clinical criteria among patients with a chart-documented opioid allergy and to assess clinician perceptions of opioid allergies. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in hospitalized adults with a historically documented opioid allergy who received a subsequent opioid. The primary outcome was the incidence of allergic cross-reactivity between clinical and chemical opioid classes in patients with historical IMRs (H-IMRs) identified by clinical criteria, ICD-9 diagnosis codes, or allergic reaction treatment. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of opioid intolerances incorrectly documented as allergies and a survey to clinicians to assess the impact of opiate warnings on prescribing practices. Results: A total of 499 patients with historical opioid allergies were included. H-IMR to an opioid of any class was not significantly associated with IMR cross-reactivity to the same or any other class, with cross-reactivity rates ranging from 0% to 6.7%. Of the historical chart-documented allergies, 249 reactions (50%) were determined to be intolerances. A total of 461 (92.5%) patients successfully tolerated readministration of opioids despite a chart-documented allergy, and 8 (1.6%) patients developed possible IMR (7 pruritus, 1 possible anaphylaxis). Survey results (n = 54) indicated that opiate allergy warnings were neutral or unlikely to change opiate prescribing. Conclusions: The risk of IMRs caused by opioids is low in patients with H-IMRs to opioids. Opioid allergy documentations may propagate alert fatigue and unwarranted prescribing changes.
New filter efficiency tests being developed for the DOE

The United States Department of Energy (USDOE) is considering adoption of new test specifications and new test techniques for quality assurance testing of nuclear grade high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. Proposed new filter test specifications require penetration measurements to be made at a particle diameter in the range from 0.1 μm to 0.2 pm rather than at a particle diameter of 0.3 pm which is currently required. The new specifications are aimed at making penetration measurements at or near the size of maximum penetration for the current generation of nuclear grade HEPA filters. The new test specifications provide a high estimate of filter penetration relative to the predicted penetration of field challenges in terms of aerosol size and aerosol density. This conservative estimate is required to assure that USDOE air cleaning systems adequately protect public and worker health and the environment in the event of unplanned release of hazardous materials. Operational evaluation of a high flow alternative filter test system (HFATS) developed for the USDOE by Los Alamos National Laboratory is currently being completed. Interim results of this evaluation and results of laboratory and full-scale evaluations demonstrate that the HFATS is capable of providing measurements of filter penetration at specific sizes over the diameter range from ∼0.1 μm to ∼0.4 μm within the operational requirements of the USDOE Filter Test Facilities.
Demonstratives in First-Order Logic

In an earlier defense of the view that the fundamental logical properties of logical truth and logical consequence obtain or fail to obtain only relative to contexts, I focused on a variation of Kaplan’s own modal logic of indexicals. In this paper, I state a semantics and sketch a system of proof for a first-order logic of demonstratives, and sketch proofs of soundness and completeness. (I omit details for readability.) That these results obtain for the first-order logic of demonstratives shows that the significance of demonstratives for logic exceeds their behavior as rigid designators in counterfactual reasoning, or reasoning about alternative possibilities. Furthermore, the results in this paper help address one common objection to the view that logical truth and consequence obtain only relative to contexts. According to this objection, the view entails that logical consequence is not formal.
Experimental and DFT Investigation into Chloride Poisoning Effects on Nitrogen-Coordinated Iron–Carbon (FeNC) Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Iron–nitrogen-coordinated carbon-supported (FeNC) catalysts have been explored for application as oxygen depolarized cathode (ODC) catalysts that perform oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in electroc...
Case of the Season: Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: a Rare Cause of Intracardiac Mass.

Abstract We present the case of a 52-year-old female with a right atrial mass contiguous with a mass in the IVC. The patient was presumptively placed on anticoagulation for thrombus; however, the mass persisted prompting further imaging evaluation. She was ultimately diagnosed with intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) and underwent surgical resection.
Early Failures After Lumbar Discectomy Surgery: An Analysis of 62 690 Patients.

Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Objective:To determine the rate of early failures (readmission or reoperation for new or recurrent pain/neurological symptoms) within 30 days after lumbar di...
Management of High-Risk Breast Lesions: Point—Surveillance is a Change in Practice Preceding Evidence-Based Standardization

This article does not include an abstract. Please see the accompanying Counterpoint by Sughra Raza.
Estimation and Filtering With Big Option Data

The computational cost of estimating option valuation models is very high, due to model complexity and the abundance of available option data. We propose an approach that addresses these computational constraints by filtering the state variables using particle weights based on model-implied spot volatilities rather than model prices. We show that this approach is reliable. We illustrate our method by estimating the workhorse stochastic volatility and double-jump models using a big option data set. We obtain more precise estimates of variance risk premia and more plausible implied preference parameters, and we show that for these models moneyness and especially maturity restrictions may result in identification problems. The composition of the option sample affects parameter inference and the relative importance of options and returns in joint estimation.
Constructing a fundamental diagram for traffic flow with automated vehicles: Methodology and demonstration

Abstract Increasingly, commercial vehicles are equipped with automated vehicle (AV) features such as adaptive cruise control systems. The AV feature can automatically control the headway between the current vehicle and the preceding vehicle in an adaptive manner. The automatic control may lead to significantly different car- following motions compared with those of human-driven vehicles, which challenges the applicability of classic traffic flow theory to emerging road traffic with AVs. To investigate the impacts of commercial AVs on traffic flow, this paper proposes a general methodology that combines both empirical experiments and theoretical models to construct a fundamental diagram (FD), i.e., the foundation for traffic flow theory for AV traffic. To demonstrate the empirical experiment settings, we collected high-resolution trajectory data with multiple commercial AVs following one another in a platoon with different headway settings. The field experiment results revealed that the traditional triangular FD structure remains applicable to describe the traffic flow characteristics of AV traffic. Further, by comparing the FDs between AVs and human-driven vehicles, it was found that although the shortest AV headway setting can significantly improve road capacity, other headway settings may decrease road capacity compared with existing human-driven-vehicle traffic. It was also found that headway settings may affect the stability of traffic flow, which has been revealed by theoretical studies but was first verified by empirical AV data. With these findings, mixed traffic flow FDs were derived by incorporating different headway settings and AV penetration rates. The method proposed in this paper, including experiment designs, data collection approaches, traffic flow characteristics analyses, and mixed traffic flow FD construction approaches, can serve as a methodological foundation for studying future mixed traffic flow features with uncertain and evolving AV technologies.
Analyzing the Role of Repolarization Gradients in Post-infarct Ventricular Tachycardia Dynamics Using Patient-Specific Computational Heart Models

Aims: Disease-induced repolarization heterogeneity in infarcted myocardium contributes to VT arrhythmogenesis but how apicobasal and transmural (AB-TM) repolarization gradients additionally affect post-infarct VT dynamics is unknown. The goal of this study is to assess how AB-TM repolarization gradients impact post-infarct VT dynamics using patient-specific heart models. Method: 3D late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance images were acquired from seven post-infarct patients. Models representing the patient-specific scar and infarct border zone distributions were reconstructed without (baseline) and with repolarization gradients along both the AB-TM axes. AB only and TM only models were created to assess the effects of each ventricular gradient on VT dynamics. VTs were induced in all models via rapid pacing. Results: Ten baseline VTs were induced. VT inducibility in AB-TM models was not significantly different from baseline (p>0.05). Reentry pathways in AB-TM models were different than baseline pathways due to alterations in the location of conduction block (p 0.05) or AB-TM models (p>0.05). Reentry pathways and VT exit sites in AB only and TM only models were different than in baseline (p<0.05). Lastly, repolarization gradients uncovered multiple VT morphologies with different reentrant pathways and exit sites within the same structural, conducting channels. Conclusion: VT inducibility was not impacted by the addition of AB-TM repolarization gradients, but the VT reentrant pathway and exit sites were greatly affected due to modulation of conduction block. Thus, during ablation procedures, physiological and pharmacological factors that impact the ventricular repolarization gradient might need to be considered when targeting the VTs.
Detecting language processing in traumatic disorders of consciousness: A stimulus-based EEG study (P4.213)

Objective: To investigate the reliability of different EEG methods to detect behavioral evidence of language processing. Background: No gold standard currently exists for detecting language abilities in patients with traumatic disorders of consciousness (DOC). Design/Methods: EEG was acquired during rest and in response to spoken language in 16 controls in 16 controls (4F; age 28.5±7.8 years) and 17 patients with severe traumatic brain injury (4F; 4 coma, 1VS; 2MCS -; 4MCS+; 6PTCS; age 27.0±7 years; 9.5±4.8 days post injury). Three visual methods and an automated method of EEG analysis were used: 1) EEG background (Forgacs scoring, based on the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society criteria, ACNS); 2) EEG reactivity assessment upon language stimulation; 3) EEG background and reactivity assessment (Synek score) and 4) an automated classifier approach using a support vector machine (SVM). Behavioral evidence of language was assessed using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. Cohen’s Kappa was calculated to test agreement between behavioral diagnosis and each EEG method (binarizng Synek and Forgacs variables). Binary logistic regression with blockwise selection was performed to investigate the additional information provided by combining methods for predicting language. We hypothesized that 1) SVM has a higher level of agreement with clinical evidence of language than visual analyses and 2) SVM itself provides sufficient information to detect language. Results: SVM had the highest agreement with the clinically evident behavioral diagnosis (k=0.397), followed by the Forgacs score (k=0.343). The other methods agreed poorly with the diagnosis. The regression suggested that combining SVM with Forgacs score increased the model prediction from 78.8% to 84.8% for detecting language (r2 increasing from .205 to .498). Conclusions: In patients with traumatic DOC, an automated SVM approach provides greater agreement with observable behavioral signs of language than does visual analysis of EEG data. Combination of SVM with the Forgacs approach increases the sensitivity for predicting language. Study Supported by: Study Funded by the National Institutes of Health (K23NS094538), American Academy of Neurology/American Brain Foundation, Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology (Boston, MA), James S. McDonnell Foundation, and Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Neurology and Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology. Disclosure: Dr. Chatelle has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rosenthal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Spencer-Salmon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Edlow has nothing to disclose.
Specialized Parallel Architectures for Textual Databases

Publisher Summary The chapter presents the concept of unformatted databases and parallel architectures, proposed to manipulate textual databases. Databases fall into two general categories—namely, formatted and unformatted structures. Formatted databases are mainly time variant entities and are subject to extensive alteration as well as search operations. Unformatted databases (bibliographic or full-text) are archival in nature and are processed by searching for a pattern or a combination of patterns. The problem of searching large textual databases is addressed in the chapter. To improve the performance of such a lengthy operation, two major directions are discussed: one based on the design of efficient algorithms for pattern matching operations, and the other based on the hardware implementation of the basic pattern matching operations. Both approaches have their own merits and are subject to further research and study. However, the major theme of this chapter is centered around the design of the hardware pattern matcher. Such an emphasis is mainly due to the current advances in technology that have enabled the migration of the software functions into the hardware. Three different schemes of hardware implementation of an efficient term comparator for specialized backend text retrieval architectures are also discussed.
BRITTLE FRACTURE OF PRECOMPRESSED STEEL AS AFFECTED BY HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE AND STRAIN CONCENTRATION

Highly precompressed 1020 HR steel, 0.65 prestrain at 400°F (204°C), tested in nominally uniform tension at −80°F (−62°C) fractures at about 110,000 psi (760 MN/m2) with less than 0.02 plastic strain. Yet the addition of a hydrostatic pressure of less than 7000 psi (48 MN/m2) converts this visually brittle fracture to a ductile one with appreciable necking. The explanation of this surprising experimental result is shown to follow directly and simply from the combination of a tensile stress criterion of fracture, strain concentration and the low tangent modulus of the stress-strain curve in tension beyond the Bauschinger transition region of a few percent of plastic strain. Temperature dependence and strain-rate dependence of brittle fracture similarly are predictable in an almost trivial manner from the appropriate stress-strain curves for different amounts of precompression. So also is the amazingly high ductility or fracture toughness of the most complex of perforated or notched statically loaded structures of mild steel in an undamaged or fully annealed state.
Flexibility of ephemeral wetland crustaceans: environmental constraints and anthropogenic impacts

Ephemeral wetlands commonly experience events that would be drastic disturbances in permanent aquatic ecosystems, such as the elimination of all water. It is well known that survival in these harsh habitats requires flexibility in response to natural perturbations, but scientists have rarely investigated if this flexibility translates to anthropogenic stresses. Therefore, we evaluated aquatic crustacean communities in ephemeral wetlands in response to environmental and anthropogenic constraints. We sampled crustacean communities from 73 ephemeral wetlands across 5 states of the North American high plains. Neither habitat size, habitat depth, nor whether a wetland was natural or artificially created had any recognizable effect on the crustacean community. Moreover, natural communities have great flexibility, which seems to impart resilience under some anthropogenic forces. Communities of artificial waterbodies (roadside ditches and stock ponds) were indistinguishable from those in naturally formed wetlands. Cattle grazing, which in some ways resembles effects of native vertebrate grazers, was generally associated with increased invertebrate densities and richness. In contrast, tilling for row-crop agriculture decreased invertebrate density and richness. Overall, current conservation strategies in ephemeral wetlands may need to be revised to include artificial habitats as viable, important habitats, and cattle grazing as an essential ecosystem component in areas now lacking large native grazers, such as bison.
Peer Reviewed Article The Alexander Technique: Rehearsal Tools For Releasing the Actor's Voice

(2009). Peer Reviewed Article The Alexander Technique: Rehearsal Tools For Releasing the Actor's Voice. Voice and Speech Review: Vol. 6, Moving Voice, pp. 31-37.
Rapid turnover of fucose in the water-soluble glycoproteins of brain.

Abstract Experiments in adult rats injected intraperitoneally with 1 μCi/g doses of L -[1,5,6- 3 H] fucose demonstrated the presence of at least 2 metabolic pools of glycoproteins in brain, having greatly diffrent half-times for the turnover of fucose. The small pool of water-soluble glycoproteins, which comprise only 9% of the total bound fucose, has a fucose turnover rate (half-time of 39 h) which is approximately 18 times greater than that of fucose in the glycoproteins of whole brain (half-time of 29 days).
Ground state properties of the degenerate Hubbard chain: 1/N-expansion of the Bethe-Ansatz solution for a lattice system

Abstract The one-dimensional Hubbard model with arbitrary degeneracy N (N = 2S + 1, where S is the spin) is integrable if site-occupations of more than two electrons are excluded. The Bethe-ansatz equations are analyzed in the thermodynamic limit in the absence of external fields. In the large N limit they reduce to those of a hard core Bose gas. The 1/N-correction to the leading order result vanishes identically, so that the first corrections are contributions of the order 1/N2.
Data stream management for historical XML data

We are presenting a framework for continuous querying of time-varying streamed XML data. A continuous stream in our framework consists of a finite XML document followed by a continuous stream of updates. The unit of update is an XML fragment, which can relate to other fragments through system-generated unique IDs. The reconstruction of temporal data from continuous updates at a current time is never materialized and historical queries operate directly on the fragmented streams. We are incorporating temporal constructs to XQuery with minimal changes to the existing language structure to support continuous querying of time-varying streams of XML data. Our extensions use time projections to capture time-sliding windows, version control for tuple-based windows, and coincidence queries to synchronize events between streams. These XQuery extensions are compiled away to standard XQuery code and the resulting queries operate continuously over the existing fragmented streams.