cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4820: Whole methylome explorations of paired tumor and non-tumor clinical samples using HELP

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Introduction: Gene silencing by promoter methylation is common in carcinogenesis. In lung cancer, hypermethylation of specific gene promoters has been found to occur during the earliest histologic stages of the cancer. Thus far surveys of methylation in lung tumors have focused on specific gene panels (5 – 10 genes). A few large scale studies have reported selection of longer gene lists or focused on larger sets of CpG islands. Methods: We have adapted an approach to survey genome-wide methylation events in tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissue from clinical lung resection samples using the HELP (HpaII tiny fragment Enrichment by Ligation mediated PCR) assay. This assay, based on the generation of restriction enzyme libraries generated by methylation sensitive (HpaII) and methylation insensitive (MspI) isoschizomers yields information on 1.2 million HpaII fragments throughout the genome. Each HpaII fragment corresponds to two CpG sites. The assay lends itself to low starting amounts of DNA (3 ug) and robust assessment of methylation status by comparing ratios of HpaII- generated- fragments to MspI- generated fragments co-hybridized to a Nimbelgen custom high-density microarray. Summary of results: In a pilot set of three paired tumor and non-tumor tissue samples, we identified 1504 fragments (corresponding to two CpG sites each) that were hypermethylated in tumor versus non-tumor in all three pairs. Of these, 165 fragments were located within gene promoters. In the opposite direction, 2907 fragments were found to be hypermethylated in non-tumor versus tumor. Of these, 81 were located within gene promoters. We could identify both known and novel regions of the genome as well as specific gene-promoters that are hypermethylated in tumor versus non-tumor. We will discuss selected methylation events in further detail. Conclusion: The HELP assay is a powerful approach to interrogate methylation status of individual HpaII fragments across the whole genome, offering a large sample size of 1.2 million HpaII fragments. We are able to discover individual methylation events common across different clinical specimens and are currently expanding our sample set, and planning correlations with transcriptome-wide studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4820. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4820
Effect of benzyl N-benzyl carbethoxyhydroxamate on cholesterol metabolism in the rat.

SummaryIn 3 experiments, male Wistar rats (185 g) were fed 2% benzyl N-benzyl carbethoxyhydroxamate (W-398) for 3 weeks. The rats exhibited marked weight loss (losing 40 g while the controls were gaining 50-80 g); livers of the drug-fed group were larger (5.4-7.0% body wt) compared with the controls (39-4.4% body wt) and liver cholesterol levels were significantly elevated (avg of 3 experiments: drug—858 mg/100 g and control—279 mg/100 g). The compound had no effect upon serum cholesterol levels. In one experiment, in which W-398 was fed as 0.5% of the diet, the rats gained 30% less weight than did the normals, their livers were larger and their liver cholesterol levels were significantly higher than were those of the control rats. The data suggest a continuing synthesis of cholesterol in rats fed W-398 but an apparent inability to transfer it from the liver.When either acetate- 1-14C or mevalonate-2-14C was injected into the drug-treated rats they converted more (but not significantly more) of the substr...
Dispersal of microfungi in the Thames River Estuary of Eastern Long Island Sound

The use of microfungi as an indicator of mass water movement in the Thames River Estuary of Eastern Long Island Sound was shown from a study over a two year period. The fungi, of terrestrial origin, were obtained from surface and bottom water samples taken in the river and from surface water samples in the sound. Seasonal variation in colony forming units revealed that the greatest number of fungi at any station occurred during the interval November–May and the lowest number during the interval June–September for both 1974–1975 and 1975–1976. The seasonal variation occurred in both surface and bottom water samples of stations in the river, although fewer colonies were produced from bottom samples than from surface samples. Correlations between salinity and colony forming units in the Thames River and near shore stations and lack of correlations at the off-shore stations in Long Island Sound indicate movement and dispersion of microfungi during the mixing of the water from the Thames River and Long Island Sound. Analysis of temperature, precipitation, salinity and river discharge data indicate that fluctuations in river discharge and mixing processes are the major factors that affect the dispersion of microfungi in this estuary.
Ontogenetic changes in the neural mechanisms of eyeblink conditioning

The rodent eyeblink conditioning paradigm is an ideal model system for examining the relationship between neural maturation and the ontogeny of associative learning. Elucidation of the neural mechanisms underlying the ontogeny of learning is tractable using eyeblink conditioning because the necessary neural circuitry (cerebellum and interconnected brainstem nuclei) underlying the acquisition and retention of the conditioned response (CR) has been identified in adult organisms. Moreover, the cerebellum exhibits substantial postnatal anatomical and physiological maturation in rats. The eyeblink CR emerges developmentally between postnatal day (PND) 17 and 24 in rats. A series of experiments found that the ontogenetic emergence of eyeblink conditioning is related to the development of associative learning and not related to changes in performance. More recent studies have examined the relationship between the development of eyeblink conditioning and the physiological maturation of the cerebellum, a brain structure that is necessary for eyeblink conditioning in adult organisms. Disrupting cerebellar development with lesions or antimitotic treatments impairs the ontogeny of eyeblink conditioning. Studies of the development of physiological processes within the cerebellum have revealed striking ontogenetic changes in stimulus-elicited and learning-related neuronal activity. Neurons in the interpositus nucleus and Purkinje cells in the cortex exhibit developmental increases in neuronal discharges following the unconditioned stimulus (US) and in neuronal discharges that model the amplitude and time-course of the eyeblink CR. The developmental changes in CR-related neuronal activity in the cerebellum suggest that the ontogeny of eyeblink conditioning depends on the development of mechanisms that estavlish cerebellar plasticity. Learning and the induction of neural plasticity depend on the magnitude of the US input to the cerebellum. The role of developmental changes in the efficacy of the US pathway has been investigated by monitoring neuronal activity in the inferior olive and with stimulation techniques. The results of these experiments indicate that the development of the conditioned eyeblink response may depend on dynamic interactions between multiple developmental processes within the eyeblink neural circuitry.
Primary Care Physicians' Knowledge and Behavior Related to Alzheimer's Disease

A national sample of primary care physicians from the American Medical Association database was surveyed to examine primary care physician knowledge and physician practices related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). A previously validated instrument, The University of Alabama at Bir mingham Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Testfor Health Professionals, was used to assess phy sician knowledge. The survey also included questions regarding the frequency of performing di agnostic, treatment, and support behaviors for Alzheimer's patients and families. Scores on the knowledge portion of the questionnaire varied widely, with internists and family practitioners scoring better than general practitioners, and younger physicians scoring higher than older physicians. Overall, primary care physicians made few new diagnoses and infrequently per formed behaviors related to the diagnostic process, treatment, and recommendation of support services. Weak, positive associations werefound between physician level of knowledge and six...
A Hybrid Autonomous Control Approach

A hybrid autonomous control approach for active damping and control of a persistent disturbance is presented. Direct velocity feedback control is coupled with an adaptive feedforward controller to minimize the transient response and that due to a persistent disturbance, respectively. A time-averaged gradient descent algorithm was selected to adapt the feedforward filter, rendering the controller model-insensitive and thus autonomous for the chosen application. The feedback control loop serves to increase the damping of the controlled structure, decreasing the convergence time associated with the adaptive feedforward filter. Thus the integration of the two control approaches affords increases in performance previously not possible with the adaptive feedforward controller alone.
A Quartic Key Identity for a Partition Theorem of Göllnitz

Abstract A key identity in three free parameters involving partitions into distinct parts is proved using Jackson's q -analog of Dougall's summation. This identity is shown to be combinatorially equivalent to a reformulation of a deep partition theorem of Gollnitz obtained by the use of a quartic transformation.
Influence of category identity on letter matching: Conceptual penetration of visual processing or response competition?

Participants performed same–different matching tasks, with physical-identity instructions, on letter pairs composed from the letters B, b, and p. The letters in a pair were presented simultaneously or sequentially, with the experiments differing in whether (1) the letters could appear in two or four positions, (2) two or five SOAs were used, (3) the font was Arial or one in which the two loops of the letter B were of the same size, and (4) p did or did not occur in same pairs. With sequential presentation, different RTs were longer when the letters had the same name (Bb; within-category pair) than when they did not (Bp; between-category pair), replicating a finding by Lupyan et al. (2010). However, unlike in their study, this category effect was also significant with simultaneous presentation, tending to be nonsignificantly smaller for RTs but larger for accuracy than that obtained with sequential presentation. A similar pattern was observed when we removed a bias to respond different whenever the letter p was detected in the experiments in which p did not appear in same pairs. The presence of a category effect with simultaneous presentation is predicted by a response competition account, but not by Lupyan et al.’s conceptual-penetration-of-visual-processing account.
Contaminated Communication: TEPCO and Organizational Renewal at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

This case study examines the postcrisis discourse of Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) and its executives following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant crisis of Spring 2011. Using organizational renewal as a framework, we argue TEPCO communicated a desire to rebuild its reputation by being prospective and focusing on the future, emphasizing rebuilding and growth, providing an optimistic message, and communicating information through its leaders. Although TEPCO's postcrisis communication adhered to the tenets of renewal, stakeholders remained skeptical of the organization—likely the result of an inability to foster a strong precrisis relationship with the Japanese public and its government. This study shows how a company can fail to establish renewal among its stakeholders when renewal discourse is not framed successfully.
Development and adult pituitary-adrenal function in female rats injected with morphine during different postnatal periods.

Abstract Developmental, neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of early morphine addiction in female rat pups were investigated. compared with controls, body weights of morphine-injected animals, regardless of treatment age, were depressed during treatment and remained depressed for periods up to 49 days; growth rates of these animals were decreased during drug treatment but temporarily surpassed those of controls following termination of morphine administration. Delayed eye opening and early vaginal opening occurred in some of the animals administered morphine before Day 14. Behaviorally, animals treated with the narcotic from Days 15–21 showed impaired activity in the open field test; all animals, in any early morphine treatment group, showed normal resting pituitary-adrenal activity at 30 days of age and showed no neuroendocrine signs of protracted dependence. However, rats neonatally narcotic-treated on Days 15–21 showed a decreased corticosterone rise in response to morphine challenge of 30 mg/kg for as late as Day 62. The persistence of the weight and endocrine effects suggest that exposure of the immature female rat to morphine results in prolonged morphine-specific alteration of brain mechanisms concerned with behavioral and neuroendocrine processes and supports the suitability of using a rat model to study long-term effects of neonatal narcotic addiction.
Standardized food governance? Reflections on the potential and limitations of chemical-free shrimp

Multilayered conformity-assessment systems (MCASs) are becoming an increasingly prominent governance mechanism in food and agriculture. MCASs maintain their legitimacy through the use of scientific norms and practices, as well as multiple tiers of oversight. The purported outcome is standardized conformity-assessment practices, and thus, standardized food and production practices regardless of location or producer. This article examines the ability of MCASs to enforce one form of zero tolerance standards: organics (i.e., zero-synthetic chemicals). The focus is on the governance of organic standards in the rural Indonesia, where the idea of zero tolerance is historically foreign. Drawing on a case study of an organic shrimp project in Indonesia, the ways that the social, economic, and cultural conditions of the global South affect the operations of a MCAS and the capacity of the MCAS to adapt to such conditions are examined. My findings raise questions as to the capability of MCASs to ensure standardized food governance globally.
World Data Center-A for Paleoclimatology at the NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder, CO

The World Data Center-A for Paleoclimatology, located in the NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, is committed to providing the scientific community with easy access to all paleoenvironmental data. Efforts to make archived data readily available include international coordination of data acquisition, management, and distribution, sponsoring workshops and data cooperatives to facilitate the compilation of important data sets, development of a browse and visualization software package (PaleoVu), and dispersal of archived data on magnetic media or over ANONYMOUS FTP/INTERNET. The program publishes a semi-annual newsletter that highlights latest developments and accomplishments in the area of paleoenvironmental data for global change research. Contributions to the newsletter are welcome from researchers describing their efforts to coordinate the free flow of paleoclimate data throughout the international scientific community.
Advancing Moore's law: Challenges and opportunities

Moore's law has been the guiding principle of silicon CMOS technology scaling for four decades. Transistor density has been doubled every two years in Intel microprocessors since early '70. Intel's latest dual core Itanium® 2 server chip has deployed 1.72 billion transistors vs. 2,250 transistors in the 4004 processor introduced in 1971. Same density improvement trends can be found in memory and other ASIC products as well. The remarkable progress in packing more functionality, complexity, and performance into a single silicon chip could have not been achieved without numerous innovations in IC manufacturing technologies, lithography, transistors, interconnects and packaging. In this presentation, I will provide a review of most critical process technology innovations in the last decade, including advanced lithography, strained silicon transistors, high k/metal gate transistors, Cu metallization, and low k ILD. The last decade of Moore's law has been characterized by significant differences, compared to the first three decades of silicon scaling, in the types of technical challenges and innovations that are required to advance Moore's law. The insight into the challenges and opportunities will help guide advancing Moore's law into the future.
The Institutional Foundations of Inequality and Growth

Abstract After a decade of research, the effect of inequality on long-run economic growth remains unresolved, in part because researchers have treated omitted variable bias as an estimation problem rather than a deeper question of causality. In this article we argue that the key omitted variable is the quality of economic institutions. Using both cross-country and panel data specifications, we find no direct effect of inequality on growth in the long-run. Rather, the protection of property rights simultaneously raises growth rates and reduces income inequality. We interpret these findings as evidence that insecure property rights disproportionately disadvantage the poor.
Looking at Words: The Iconicity of the Page

Regardless of their semantic meaning, words exist in and through their material, mediated forms. By extension, sacred texts themselves are material forms and engaged in two primary ways: through the ears and eyes. This article focuses on the visible forms of words that can stir emotional and even sacred responses in the eyes of their beholders. Thus words can be said to function iconically, affecting a mutually engaging form of "religious seeing." The way words appear to their readers will change the reader's interaction, devotion, and interpretation. Examples range from modern popular typography to European Christian print culture to Islamic calligraphy. Weaving through the argument are two key dialectics: the relation of words and images, and the relation of the seen and the unseen.
Carbon tetrachloride lowering of choline oxidation in mice—A radiorespirometric study

Abstract Experiments are described in which radiorespirometry is used to study how CCl 4 inhalation modifies the oxidation of choline methyl by mice. The amount of 14 CO 2 formed from intraperitoneally injected 14 C-methyl-labeled choline was measured in a series of mice, both before and after the inhalation of measured amounts of CCl 4 by each animal. Concentrations as low as 20 ppm CCl 4 , when inhaled for a period of time, sharply decrease the oxidation of the methyl groups of choline. A possible explanation of this finding is that CCl 4 lowers the activity of either (or both) choline oxidase or betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase. This would decrease the rate of the initial reactions essential to the transmethylation of choline methyl which is prerequisite to any subsequent oxidation of this group. The net effect would be similar to a choline deficiency since methyl from choline would not be available to the animal. This may, in part, explain similarities in the effects of either CCl 4 administration or choline deficiency with respect to liver and kidney damage, the two organs with the highest activity of the two enzymes.
The predictiveness of infant developmental diagnosis

The purposes of infant evaluation are to detect the child with organic disease of the brain and to identify factors which will modify the course of development. Follow-up of 199 infants seen between 16 and 52 weeks and re-evaluated at an average age of 7 years indicates the infant evaluation is highly predictive and points out some of the most important factors which affect school-age behavior. This report is confined to DQ (general developmental quotient)-IQ (Stanford-Binet) changes. Infant neurometor status and developmental quotient form the basic substrate, which is modified later by socioeconomic status and the occurrence of seizures after the infant examination. Of the 30 non-defective infants who fell to IQ 75 or less at school age, only one was not explainable by associated adverse factors, singly or in combination: i.e., abnormal infant neuro-motor status, subsequent seizures, lowest third in the socioeconomic scale or other specific diseases such as Down's or cretinism. In contrast, if the child is in the highest socioeconomic third his school-age function is good, even if adverse factors are present. Only 5 of the 48 children with IQs 106+ would not have been expected to achieve this level on the basis of their infant behavior; only one of these was in the lowest socioeconomic third. Perceptual-motor, language, school achievement and central nervous system integrative functions, as measured by a battery of tests at school age, were predicted at the same high level by the infant examination. The data indicate the importance of clinical judgment in diagnostic evaluation in infancy.
The fluoride ion effect in the reactions of singlet oxygen with enols

Abstract The fluoride ion effect in the reactions of enolic systems with singlet oxygen has been investigated. β-Dicarbonyl compounds yielded 1,2,3-tricarbonyl derivatives, some of which underwent further hydration, whereas α-diketones suffered oxidative decarboxylation to give open-chain aldehydo-acids or keto-acids.
Design Modifications May Improve Range of Motion Following Posteriorly Stabilized Total Knee Replacement: a Matched Pair Study

Our institution’s latest knee implant design modifications aimed to decrease anterior knee pain, reduce the amount of bone that is resected in the femoral box, and improve range of motion. Does this new knee design achieve desired clinical improvement in our patient population? This study was designed to compare our new design to that of its predecessor in a matched pair analysis. A consecutive group of 100 knees underwent total knee arthroplasty using the newer box reamer (BR) posterior-stabilized design was matched by age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) to patients with the classic posterior-stabilized (PS) component. Average follow-up was 29.6 months (range 21–47) in the new group. Preoperative range of motion (ROM) and clinical scores, such as Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Knee Society Scores, were obtained and compared to the patients’ most recent follow-up. Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) and revision of the implant for any reason were also analyzed. Ability to attain ROM of >120°, >130°, and >140° was also determined in each cohort. At 2-year follow-up, 41% of BR knees achieved >130° flexion compared with 19% in the PS design group. WOMAC improved from pre-op 47 to 80 at 1 year in the newer BR design group and 48 to 80 in the classic PS design group. There were 9 MUAs in the newer BR design group compared with 14 in the classic PS design group. There were three revisions in the PS group and none in the BR group. Design improvements to this newer knee allowed more patients to achieve greater flexion and appear to have achieved clinical and design goals of the engineering modifications.
Age-dependent regulation of synaptic connections by dopamine D2 receptors

The authors show that type 2 dopamine receptors (D2Rs) negatively regulate spine morphogenesis in the hippocampi of adolescent mice. Spine deficiency resulting from D2R overactivation was associated with dysconnectivity in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit and working memory deficits. These phenotypes could be rescued by D2R antagonists given during adolescence.
Growth and survival of Azospirillum brasilense and Arthrobacter giacomelloi in binary continuous culture

Azospirillum brasilense and Arthrobacter giacomelloi were grown in single and mixed succinate-limited continuous cultures at a partial oxygen pressure of 0.01 atm. Growth, viability and survival during nutrient starvation were examined at various dilution rates. At D = 0.05 h-1, Ks values for succinate consumed were calculated. Arthrobacter giacomelloi viability was inversely related to dilution rate whereas Azo. brasilense was directly related. Slightly lower values of viability were obtained in mixed culture, but the ratio between the microorganisms was constant. The survival of Arth. giacomelloi in single culture decreased with increasing growth rate while survival of Azo. brasilense was directly related to dilution rate. Acetylene reduction activity was generally very low in both single and mixed cultures. Respiration rate was also determined and the mixed culture showed an oxygen uptake rate higher than that of single cultures.
Employer preferences for long-term union contracts

In recent years, the American industrial relations system has undergone considerable stress. One byproduct of a stressful period is that old ways of conducting industrial relations are being increasingly questioned. The fact that questions are raised, however, does not necessarily mean that the climate for change is receptive to all suggestions. In this paper we provide evidence that the management community would strongly oppose recent suggestions for the abandonment of long-term collective bargaining contracts.
Regulation of virulence in Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae causes the diarrheal disease cholera primarily because it expresses a colonization factor (toxin-coregulated pilus; TCP) and a potent toxin (cholera toxin; CT) within the human intestine. While the true environmental signals that induce CT and TCP expression within the intestine remain unknown, much progress has been made identifying the regulatory factors that modulate their expression. Transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding TCP and CT involves a cascade consisting of a number of regulatory factors located on recently acquired mobile genetic elements as well as others residing within the ancestral Vibrio genome. In vivo studies have revealed interesting differences between the regulation of TCP and CT expression in the laboratory and within the intestine.
Activity and participation in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Abstract We describe activity and participation in children and youth with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and compared an intervention and control group after a strengthening program using the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) and the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). Questionnaires were filled out by parents at baseline, 12-weeks, and 1-year. The intervention group performed a strengthening program twice a week for ten weeks, followed by a 9-month independent program. Thirty-six participants (18 control, 18 intervention) between the ages of 5- and 18-years (mean 10.6 years, SD 4.6 years) were enrolled, and 34 completed the 1-year assessment. There were significant differences between formal and informal participation ( p p = 0.040), while happiness declined in intervention and increased in control ( p = 0.003). There were no significant differences between control and intervention groups in any of the CAPE or PODCI change scores from baseline to 1-year. Upper extremity function, sport and physical function, comfort/pain and happiness PODCI scores were lower than normative values. The NF1 cohort had low participation in formal active physical and skill-based activities. The companionship and location dimensions suggest participation occurs with family and other relatives in the home or a relative's home and reflects a pattern of social isolation from peers.
Wavelet packet time series analysis of aluminum electrolytic cells

For decades the process of aluminum electrolysis has facilitated the production of aluminum. The process occurs within aluminum electrolytic cells, where alumina (Al2O3) is dissolved in liquid cryolite (Na3AlF6). The dissolved alumina is reduced by the carbon anode and forms carbon dioxide. Complexes containing aluminum ions migrate to the cathode surface (bath-metal interface) where aluminum metal is produced. The monitoring of the electrolysis process is done through the use of the cell resistance. Using resistance set point values that are indirectly related to the desired alumina concentration in the bath (cryolite), the computed resistance can indicate if the cell is operating within acceptable production conditions. The resistance time series is a nonstationary random process. We have applied the principal component method to shortsegments of each time series to identify key components. However the principal components are data dependent. In order to study the time series' localized structure we use a wavelet packet based approach to analyze this nonstationary process. We use Daubechies 3 orthonormal wavelet and scaling function as our basis functions and model each short segment of the resistance time series as a locally stationary wavelet process. The use of wavelet packets increases the separability of the innovations into individual packets. Hence each wavelet packet time series represents a single subprocess. The analysis of individual subprocesses yields information for making inference of how the process evolves during unstable operating conditions.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The relationship between the rate of entry into S phase, concentration of DNA polymerase α, and cell volume in human diploid fibroblast-like monokaryon cells☆

Abstract We have examined the kinetic relationship between the rate of entry into the S phase in human diploid fibroblast-like (HDFL) monokaryon cells and (1) the concentration of DNA polymerase α activity and (2) the cell volume. In the former studies, a first-order dependence between the rate of entry into the S phase and the concentration of DNA polymerase α activity was observed, consistent with the enzyme, or a coregulated factor, being rate limiting for this metabolic process. Examination of the nature of the dependence of the rate of entry into the S phase upon cell volume revealed a more complex relationship. The results obtained in studies with synchronized cultures are consistent with the presence of two to three rate-limiting reactants when cell volume is the independent variable. Studies with asynchronous HDFL cell cultures revealed that the smallest cells in the G1 population, presumably the early G1 cells, enter the S phase at an increasing rate as a function of cell volume up to a certain size, beyond which the cells enter at a decreasing rate similar to that observed in the studies with the synchronized cultures. Similar studies examining the relationship between cell volume and the rate of entry into S phase in three established immortal cell lines revealed positive correlation between the rate of entry into S phase and cell volume throughout the size range of the G1 population. This latter observation suggests that the factors involved in the initiation of the S phase may be present in concentrations that are not rate limiting in immortal cell lines.
Chemical Bonding Topology of Superconductors

Heavy fermion superconductors can be classified into the following two types based on their structures: (1) ternary transition metal carbides, borides, and silicides containing {line_integral}-block metals exhibiting stable multiple oxidation states such as cerium in CeCu{sub 2}Si{sub 2}, CeRu{sub 3}B{sub 2}, and CeRu{sub 3}Si{sub 2} or uranium in Uru{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and U{sub 2}PtC{sub 2}; (2) binary alloys containing multiple oxidation state actinides (particularly uranium) and nonactinide polyhedral clusters such as Be{sub 13} centered icosahedra in Ube{sub 13} and Pt{sub 6/2} octahedra in Upt{sub 3}. The f-block metals in heavy fermion superconductors not only exhibit multiple oxidation states but are also diluted enough by the other elements so that the separation between f-block metals in the structure is at least 4 {angstrom}. The f-block metals become part of the conducting skeletons of heavy fermion superconductors so that their conductivities arise at least partially through valence fluctuations involving f-electrons.
Enlarged Left Vitelline Vein Remnant as a Cause of Cyanosis after the Fontan Procedure: Resolution with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug

A 6-year-old girl with heterotaxy and a functional single ventricle had persistent cyanosis 4 years after a fenestrated Fontan procedure. Cardiac catheterization revealed a large venous fistula from a left-sided hepatic vein to the coronary sinus, resulting in desaturation. The anomalous vein was occluded with an Amplatzer vascular plug.
Using contingent choice methods to assess consumer preferences about health plan design

Introduction American insurers are designing products to contain healthcare costs by making consumers financially responsible for their choices. Little is known about how consumers will view these new designs. Our objective is to examine consumer preferences for selected benefit designs.
Efficient Cryptographic Primitives for Private Data Mining

Data mining is frequently obstructed by privacy concerns. In many cases data is distributed, and bringing the data together in one place for analysis is not possible due to privacy laws (e.g. HIPAA) or policies. Privacy preserving data mining techniques have been developed to address this issue by providing mechanisms to mine the data while giving certain privacy guarantees. However, when these techniques are built on cryptographic primitives, while providing strong privacy, they are often too inefficient to be used in practical settings. To this end, we address the problem of efficiency by investigating trade-offs that can be made in the trust model. By making reasonable concessions in the trust model, that is, by adding a non-collaborative third party, we can achieve great gains in efficiency. We show this by creating a novel protocol for privately computing dot product, a foundational primitive for many private data mining activities. We also investigate how to extend our protocol in the case when a third party cannot be completely trusted by both participating parties, thus reducing the amount of trust needed in the third party. We then show experimentally the gains in efficiency that can be realized in the computation of the private dot product using this model.
Role of the medial temporal lobes in relational memory: Neuropsychological evidence from a cued recognition paradigm

In this study, we examined the role of the hippocampus in relational memory by comparing item recognition performance in amnesic patients with medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage and their matched controls. Specifically, we investigated the contribution of associative memory to item recognition using a cued recognition paradigm. Control subjects studied cue-target pairs once, whereas amnesic patients studied cue-target pairs six times. Following study, subjects made recognition judgments about targets that were presented either alone (no cue), with the originally presented cue (same cue), or with a cue that had been presented with a different target (recombined cue). Controls had higher recognition scores in the same cue than in the recombined cue condition, indicating that they benefited from the associative information provided by the same cue. By contrast, amnesic patients did not. This was true even for a subgroup of patients whose recognition performance in the no cue condition was matched to that of the controls. These data provide further support for the idea that the hippocampus plays a critical role in relational memory, even when associative information need not be retrieved intentionally.
Daytime Behavior and Sleep Disturbance in Epilepsy

Daytime behavior and sleep disturbance in 30 children with epilepsy, mean age 10.3 +/- 2.1 years, were evaluated by parent-rating questionnaires and child symptom self-report measures in a study at the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
W-band microstrip RF-MEMS switches and phase shifters

This paper presents W-band microstrip shunt switches on quartz substrates. The -20 dB isolation bandwidth of the switches is limited to around 10% due to the /spl lambda//sub g//4 radial stubs used, with an insertion loss of -0.2 to -0.5 dB. The microstrip switches are used in a switched-line phase shifter and a reflect-line phase shifter at W-band frequencies, and resulted in good performance over a 5-10% bandwidth.
Estimation From Samples

Estimation is the process of determining a likely value for a population parameter (eg, the true population mean or proportion) based on a random sample. In practice, a sample is drawn from the target population, and sample statistics (eg, the sample mean or sample proportion) are used to generate estimates of the unknown parameter. The sample should be representative of the population, ideally with participants selected at random from the population. Because different samples can produce different results, it is necessary to quantify the sampling error or variation that exists among estimates from different samples. Appropriate classification of the key study variable, also referred to as the outcome or end point, as continuous or discrete is critically important in estimation and in other statistical applications. Once a variable or outcome is correctly classified, other issues such as the number of comparison groups and whether those groups are independent or dependent (ie, matched or paired) affect the determination of the appropriate estimation technique. Two types of estimates can be produced for any population parameter: point estimates and confidence interval (CI) estimates. A point estimate for a population parameter is a single-valued estimate of that parameter. A CI estimate is a range of values for a population parameter with a level of confidence attached (eg, 95% confidence that the interval contains the unknown parameter). The CI starts with the point estimate and builds in a margin of error that incorporates the confidence level and the sampling variability or standard error. CIs are presented below for different types of variables. Sample size determination and issues related to interpretation and precision follow. A CI is a range of values that are likely to cover the true population parameter, and the general form is point estimate±margin of error. The point estimate is determined first. For …
Midgut pain due to an intussuscepting terminal ileal lipoma: a case report

Introduction: The occurrence of intussusception in adults is rare. The condition is found in 1 in 1300 abdominal operations and 1 in 100 patients operated for intestinal obstruction. The child to adult ratio is 20:1. Case presentation: A 52-year-old Irish Caucasian woman was investigated for a 3-month history of intermittent episodes of colicky midgut pain and associated constipation. Ileocolonoscopy revealed a pedunculated lesion in the terminal ileum prolapsing into the caecum. Computed tomography confirmed a smooth-walled, nonobstructing, low density intramural lesion in the terminal ileum with secondary intussusception. A laparoscopic small bowel resection was performed. Histology revealed a large pedunculated polypoidal mass measuring 4 × 2.5 × 2 cm consistent with a submucosal lipoma. She had complete resolution of her symptoms and remained well at 12-month follow-up. Conclusion: This case highlights an unusual cause of incomplete small bowel obstruction successfully treated through interdisciplinary cooperation. Ileal lipomas are not typically amenable to endoscopic removal and require resection. This can be successfully achieved via a laparoscopic approach with early restoration of premorbid functioning.
Topological invariance of the Hall conductance and quantization

It is shown that the Kubo equation for the Hall conductance can be expressed as an integral which implies quantization of the Hall conductance. The integral can be interpreted as the first Chern class of a U(1) principal fiber bundle on a two-dimensional torus. This accounts for the conductance given as an integer multiple of e2∕h. The formalism can be extended to deduce the fractional conductivity as well.
Analysis and prediction of functionally important sites in proteins

The rapidly increasing volume of sequence and structure information available for proteins poses the daunting task of determining their functional importance. Computational methods can prove to be very useful in understanding and characterizing the biochemical and evolutionary information contained in this wealth of data, particularly at functionally important sites. Therefore, we perform a detailed survey of compositional and evolutionary constraints at the molecular and biological function level for a large set of known functionally important sites extracted from a wide range of protein families. We compare the degree of conservation across different functional categories and provide detailed statistical insight to decipher the varying evolutionary constraints at functionally important sites. The compositional and evolutionary information at functionally important sites has been compiled into a library of functional templates. We developed a module that predicts functionally important columns (FIC) of an alignment based on the detection of a significant “template match score” to a library template. Our template match score measures an alignment column's similarity to a library template and combines a term explicitly representing a column's residue composition with various evolutionary conservation scores (information content and position-specific scoring matrix-derived statistics). Our benchmarking studies show good sensitivity/specificity for the prediction of functional sites and high accuracy in attributing correct molecular function type to the predicted sites. This prediction method is based on information derived from homologous sequences and no structural information is required. Therefore, this method could be extremely useful for large-scale functional annotation.
Model-based formal specification directed testing of abstract data types

A model-based formal specification directed software testing approach is presented. It provides a test oracle and introduces a new coverage criterion for the functional (black-box) testing based on formal specifications. Given the source code of an implementation, its formal specification, and the retrieve functions, a test driver can be generated to conduct, evaluate, and measure the functional test. Although the complete specification conformance of an implementation cannot be established by testing alone, our approach provides a strong necessary condition of complete specification conformance. >
The Palaeomagnetism of the Lupata Alkaline Volcanics

Summary Oriented cores have been drilled from seven sites in the alkaline volcanics of the Lupata Series, Mesozoic in age, of Mozambique. At four sites long cores (12 feet) were drilled using newly-developed sampling techniques and equipment. At the other three sites short cores were obtained with a small drill. After partial demagnetization in alternating magnetic fields, directions of magnetization were closely grouped within each site and agreement between the sites was good. These directions are considered to be those of thermo-remanent magnetization acquired when the volcanics cooled. On the assumption of an axial dipole field, the South magnetic pole parameters are 61°.8S. 79°.oE. α95= 4°.1. This pole position is compared with other Mesozoic poles from Africa.
Point-Counterpoint: Active venoconstriction is/is not important in maintaining or raising end-diastolic volume and stroke volume during exercise and orthostasis

PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE POINT:COUNTERPOINT DEBATES This series of debates was initiated for the Journal of Applied Physiology because we believe an important means of searching for truth is throug...
Invasive potential of cattle fever ticks in the southern United States.

Background: For >100 years cattle production in the southern United States has been threatened by cattle fever. It is caused by an invasive parasite-vector complex that includes the protozoan hemoparasites Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, which are transmitted among domestic cattle via Rhipicephalus tick vectors of the subgenus Boophilus. In 1906 an eradication effort was started and by 1943 Boophilus ticks had been confined to a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (TEQA) along the Texas-Mexico border. However, a dramatic increase in tick infestations in areas outside the TEQA over the last decade suggests these tick vectors may be poised to re-invade the southern United States. We investigated historical and potential future distributions of climatic habitats of cattle fever ticks to assess the potential for a range expansion. Methods: We built robust spatial predictions of habitat suitability for the vector species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and R. (B.) annulatus across the southern United States for three time periods: 1906, present day (2012), and 2050. We used analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) to identify persistent tick occurrences and analysis of bias in the climate proximate to these occurrences to identify key environmental parameters associated with the ecology of both species. We then used ecological niche modeling algorithms GARP and Maxent to construct models that related known occurrences of ticks in the TEQA during 2001–2011 with geospatial data layers that summarized important climate parameters at all three time periods. Results: We identified persistent tick infestations and specific climate parameters that appear to be drivers of ecological niches of the two tick species. Spatial models projected onto climate data representative of climate in 1906 reproduced historical pre-eradication tick distributions. Present-day predictions, although constrained to areas near the TEQA, extrapolated well onto climate projections for 2050. Conclusions: Our models indicate the potential for range expansion of climate suitable for survival of R. microplus and R. annulatus in the southern United States by mid-century, which increases the risk of reintroduction of these ticks and cattle tick fever into major cattle producing areas.