cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperbilirubinemia: a risk factor for infection in the surgical intensive care unit

Abstract Background Hyperbilirubinemia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is common. We hypothesized that hyperbilirubinemia in the surgical ICU predisposes patients to infection. Methods Patients with bilirubin ≤3 mg/dL were compared to patients with bilirubin >3 mg/dL. We then compared the low bilirubin patients to high bilirubin patients who developed infection after their hyperbilirubinemia. Results There were 1,620 infections in 5,712 patients with low bilirubin (28%), compared with 284 in 409 patients in the high bilirubin group (69%, P P P Conclusions There is an increased susceptibility to infection among jaundiced surgical ICU (SICU) patients that persists even when sepsis-related hyperbilirubinemia patients are excluded.
For whom the bell tolls: An ethnography of a night nurse sub-culture

This paper explores a night nursing sub-culture which is struggling to survive. The context is the NHS in the UK. Temporal separation and hostility towards the culture emanating from environmental actors helped mould a distinct subcultural group which recognise their difference and revel in their espoused camaraderie and ‘splendid isolation’. They carry the yoke of the ‘unloved’ while enjoying a ‘special relationship’ with patients and shouldering considerable responsibility for those in their care. The culture may be likened to other marginalised and powerless workplace or societal groups. Labelled by their ‘professional' colleagues as ‘babysitters’ and marginalised, they face extinction. This paper, based on ethnographic methods, explicates and describes that culture and explores issues of gender and of choice in the workplace. It focuses on professional sub-cultures, particularly in healthcare, by examining the centripetal forces which keep cultures together and the differentiating factors which separa...
Purification and Molecular-Cloning of Human Apolipoprotein F

In our effort to study proteins that are involved in high density lipoprotein metabolism, we have identified apolipoprotein F and isolated a full length cDNA clone. Apolipoprotein F, with an apparent molecular mass of 29 kilodaltons, was purified from human high density lipoproteins using a modified two dimensional electrophoresis procedure. The cDNA, with a size of 1735 base pairs, was cloned from a Hep G2 cDNA library. The cDNA encodes apolipoprotein F, which is composed of 162 amino acids, and predicts that apolipoprotein F is a proteolytic product of a larger protein. Northern blot analysis indicates that apolipoprotein F mRNA is detected only in liver for the tissues examined. The gene was mapped to human chromosome number 12 using a human/rodent somatic cell hybrid mapping panel.
Healing of periodontal connective tissues following surgical wounding and application of citric acid in dogs

Topical application of citric acid to a root surface which has been scaled and root planed results in exposure of collagen fibrils of the dentin matrix. The purpose of this study was to examine the healing of gingival connective tissue adjacent to a root planed and subsequently acid conditioned root surface and to determine whether the exposure of dentin or cementum matrix collagen would facilitate the reestablishment of an attachment between the healing connective tissue and the root surface. Full thickness flaps were raised and labial alveolar bone removed over maxillary incisor roots of seven Labrador retrievers. The exposed root surface was planed before etching with citric acid (pH 1) for 3 min. The flap was then repositioned at its original level. Block sections were obtained after 7, 14, 21 and 42 days and the interface between the root surface and the healing wound tissue studied by light and electron microscopy. Compared to conventional flap surgery in the same animals, application of citric acid to the instrumented root surface resulted in an improved rate of connective tissue healing as well as a rapid and consistent reestablishment of connective tissue attachment through extensive interdigitation of new and old collagen fibrils at the tooth-gingiva interface. Subsequent reinforcement of the established connective tissue attachment included recalcification of the acid-affected dentin and deposition of new cementum.
Protein Kinase C Inhibitors Sensitize GNAQ Mutant Uveal Melanoma Cells to Ionizing Radiation

Purpose Uveal melanoma (UM) tumors require large doses of radiation therapy (RT) to achieve tumor ablation, which frequently results in damage to adjacent normal tissues, leading to vision-threatening complications. Approximately 50% of UM patients present with activating somatic mutations in the gene encoding for G protein αq-subunit (GNAQ), which lead to constitutive activation of downstream pathways, including protein kinase C (PKC). In this study, we investigated the impact of small-molecule PKC inhibitors bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM) and sotrastaurin (AEB071), combined with ionizing radiation (IR), on survival in melanoma cell lines. Methods Cellular radiosensitivity was determined by using a combination of proliferation, viability, and clonogenic assays. Cell-cycle effects were measured by flow cytometry. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling were performed by quantitative real-time PCR, reverse-phase protein array analysis, and immunofluorescence. Results We found that the PKC inhibitors combined with IR significantly decreased the viability, proliferation, and clonogenic potential of GNAQ(mt), but not GNAQ(wt)/BRAF(mt) cells, compared with IR alone. Combined treatment increased the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of IR in GNAQ(mt) cells through delayed DNA-damage resolution and enhanced induction of proteins involved in cell-cycle arrest, cell-growth arrest, and apoptosis. Conclusions Our preclinical results suggest that combined modality treatment may allow for reductions in the total RT dose and/or fraction size, which may lead to better functional organ preservation in the treatment of primary GNAQ(mt) UM. These findings suggest future clinical trials combining PKC inhibitors with RT in GNAQ(mt) UM warrant consideration.
Kazakhstan and the Global Nuclear Order

Kazakhstan’s advanced nuclear industry and active foreign nuclear policy make it a significant player on the global nuclear scene. This article sets the stage by addressing Kazakhstan’s nuclear inheritance from the Soviet period. It then provides an overview of the country’s nuclear sector with an emphasis on the nuclear fuel cycle and on prospects for introducing nuclear energy into Kazakhstan’s energy mix. The article’s final section analyzes Astana’s nuclear diplomacy on the international global nuclear scene.
Two Beams Squeeze Feature Sizes in Optical Lithography

The fabrication of electronic circuits on chips relies on the patterning of surfaces by optical lithography, which is used to control where different components—metal wires, semiconductor gates, and oxide insulators—form ( 1 ). Three papers in this issue ( 2 – 4 ) report a new approach to optical lithography that allows small feature sizes to be created more easily than with traditional approaches.
Smallpox transmission risks: how bad?

Martin Enserink's article “how devastating would a smallpox attack really be?” (News Focus, 31 May, p. [1592][1]) asserts that smallpox transmission primarily occurs after several hours spent in close contact with the index patient (i.e., the first infected patient in an outbreak). Although this
STRUCTURAL DESIGNS WITHIN AMERICAN INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC DEPARTMENTS

The purpose of this paper is to (a) distinguish the structural designs, and (b) examine the relationship between structure and effectiveness in American sport organizations. Formalization, centralization, and specialization were examined to determine the structural designs. Senior level administrators from National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I (N = 86) departments completed an electronic questionnaire. Cluster analysis was used to group departments according to the three dimensions of structure. Results demonstrated the presence of two structural designs—the Simple Structure and the Enabling Structure. MANCOVA procedures showed differences between departments in athletic achievement, but not in the education of student athletes. Discussion of the findings and future directions are presented.
Optical Properties of Freestanding Germanium Nanocrystals

Strained Ge has demonstrated improved optical properties. Mechanically milled Ge nanocrystals have shown tensile strain. Here, we discuss the enhanced optical properties and the efficient room temperature luminescence by Ge nanocrystals.
Spectroscopic Probing of Mixed-Mode Adsorption of Ru(bpy)32+ to Silica

Evanescent wave excitation of fluorescence was used to study the adsorption of Ru(bpy)32+ from aqueous solution to three types of surfaces: bare silica, a dimethylethylsiloxane (C2) monolayer on silica, and a dimethyloctadecylsiloxane (C18) monolayer on silica. The solution pH was varied to investigate the nonpolar and electrostatic contributions to the free energy of adsorption for each surface. The pH dependence of the adsorption showed that the pKa is the same for each of the three surfaces, consistent with earlier conclusions that the acidity of derivatized silica surfaces is due to areas of exposed silica. The free energies of adsorption for the bare silica surface, −26.2(±0.2) kJ/mol at pH 8, was attributed to electrostatic interactions alone. The free energy of adsorption for the C2 and C18 surfaces, −28.5(±0.1) and −31.5(±0.1) kJ/mol, respectively, were found to have both electrostatic and nonpolar contributions, with the latter being larger by 50% for the C2 surface and 100% for the C18 surface....
Chemistry of the phenoxathiins and isosterically related heterocycles. XXXI: Synthesis of the 1,3-diazaphenoxathiin ring system and the relationship of the 13C-NMR chemical shift of the C-10a resonances to the molecular dihedral angle determined by X-ray diffraction: a further investigation

Synthesis of the 1,3-diazaphenoxathiin ring system and the confirmation of its structure by 13C-nmr spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography are reported. Implications of the 13C-nmr chemical shift of the C-10a resonance and its relationship to the molecular dihedral angle are presented. The molecule crystallizes in the Pbca space group and was found to have a dihedral angle of 165.5(9)°, the structure refining to a final R-factor of T = 0.0427.
A Clinical Hypothesis for Intermittent Unintelligibility in Two English Language Learners

Abstract Purpose: This article reports an unusual speech pattern produced by two English Language Learners (ELLs), who developed intermittent unintelligibility shortly after placement in English-only academic settings. Method: In order to determine if this speech pattern had been observed by other speech-language pathologists (SLPs), 123 school-based speech language pathologists (SLPs) were surveyed as to their experience with the pattern in both monolingual English-speaking and bilingual (languages unspecified) students aged 3-21 years. Results: The majority (76%) of SLPs reported having observed the pattern in school-age monolingual and bilingual children. Conclusions: A theoretical framework to explain the sudden development of intermittent unintelligibility in the two children in the case study as well as other children who produce the speech pattern as reported by the survey respondents is presented. Different clinical implications are suggested for different clinical populations and areas in need of...
Optimum Thickness of Pressure-Sensitive Paint for Unsteady Measurements

When pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) is used to measure unsteady pressures, the thickness of the paint layer critically affects both the PSP signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)and frequency response. Asthe thickness of a paint layer increases, the brightness of the signal, and thus the SNR, increases, whereas the frequency response decreases, resultinginattenuationoftheunsteadycomponentofthesignal.Inaddition,ifpressuree uctuationsandfrequencies are large and the paint layer is thick, the unsteady PSP signal may be distorted and the steady component may be offset from its true mean value. These observations suggest that, for each application, there is an optimum paint thickness where the “ unsteady SNR” (the ratio of unsteady signal amplitude to steady noise ) is a maximum and wherethe offset and distortion are small. Thishypothesisis explored by numerically evaluating published analytic solutions to a simplie ed model of the unsteady PSP problem. It was found that over a wide range of parameters the unsteady SNR is a maximum when the paint thickness corresponds to a 1.25 dB attenuation of the unsteady signal. At this optimum, the nondimensional time constant (h 2 !/D) is approximately 1.5.
Shmushkevich method for broken SU3

Abstract The Shmushkevich method for SU3 is generalized to include symmetry-breaking. Application to the baryon resonant decuplet is considered. It is found that matrix elements of the symmetry-breaking operator between two different representations of SU3 may contribute.
Reticular stimulation and generalized drive

Abstract Eight animals were stimulated within the dorsolateral midbrain reticular formation while performing in situations designed to be sensitive to variations in drive level. Amount of gross activity, fine activity, exploration, and bar presses to obtain food and avoid shock was suppressed as an increasing function of stimulating current from 10 to 125 μamp. Electrocortical activation was seen in all animals with reticular stimulation, and grossly observable alerting, fear and forced motor reactions were described. The reward value of stimulation was tested in the majority of animals, and an increasing tendency toward escape of the central stimulus was seen with increasing amperage. It is concluded that direct midbrain reticular excitation does not produce a corresponding increase in drive or motivational level that would be evidenced as facilitation of a wide variety of activities.
Critical phenomena at the nuclear ordering transition in PrCu6

Abstract We have observed the effects of critical fluctuations on the resistivity and susceptibility of PrCu6 at the nuclear magnetic ordering transition at 2.5 mK. The behavior of the resistance is analogous to that of pure Dy and Tb at their magnetic ordering transitions. The frequency dependence of the susceptibility can be fit by the Debye form. Both the real and imaginary parts are observed at audio frequencies and are consistent as required by the Debye relation. Critical slowing is observed in the relaxation rate as the critical point is approached from higher temperatures.
Self-efficacy and educational interventions in heart failure: a review of the literature.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to better understand how to structure educational interventions for heart failure patients to improve their self-efficacy for self-care behaviors. Methods A computer search of the literature from 1966 through May 2009 was conducted, yielding 84 articles. All articles were reviewed in relation to the search criteria, resulting in 12 articles that were evaluated. Results Each of the reviewed studies used an intervention plus education to improve self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was a primary outcome for 7 of the studies and a secondary outcome for 5 of the studies in this literature search. Both short- and long-term interventions can improve self-efficacy demonstrating that the duration of the intervention can vary and still be successful. Conclusions Existing evidence suggests that it is not the amount of education (number of sessions/length of sessions) that improves self-efficacy, but some other factor or factors that remain unknown at present. Education delivery costs, flexibility, and the ability to more easily integrate new discoveries need to be explored. Interventions that include components specifically geared toward increasing self-efficacy for self-care in patients with heart failure are needed. Learning activities need to be incorporated into patient education programs to provide practice time that may result in behavior changes. The opportunity to practice self-care behaviors within the context of the education provided to those with heart failure, along with ongoing support, needs to be explored in future studies.
Review: PTCA reduces adverse cardiac outcomes and death better than thrombolytics after myocardial infarction.

Source Citation Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL. Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet. 2...
ROESY with water flip back for high-field NMR of biomolecules.

We report a version of the ROESY experiment in which saturation of the water magnetization is avoided without compromising suppression of the water signal during acquisition. Field gradient and selective RF pulses are used to maintain precise control of the water magnetization throughout the experiment and avoid signal losses due to radiation damping and molecular diffusion effects. The pulse sequence includes a delay for intentional radiation damping prior to mixing period. The optimal length of this delay is field and sample dependent, but easily determined from the apparent linewidth of the water signal. NOESY and TOCSY variants of the same experiment are presented which make use of identical manipulations of the water magnetization. The three pulse sequences constitute a suite for which little parameter adjustment is required once one of the experiments has been configured.
Characterization of the SRP68/72 interface of human signal recognition particle by systematic site‐directed mutagenesis

The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a ribonucleoprotein complex which is crucial for the delivery of proteins to cellular membranes. Among the six proteins of the eukaryotic SRP, the two largest, SRP68 and SRP72, form a stable SRP68/72 heterodimer of unknown structure which is required for SRP function. Fragments 68e' (residues 530 to 620) and 72b' (residues 1 to 166) participate in the SRP68/72 interface. Both polypeptides were expressed in Escherichia coli and assembled into a complex which was stable at high ionic strength. Disruption of 68e'/72b' and SRP68/72 was achieved by denaturation using moderate concentrations of urea. The four predicted tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR1 to TPR4) of 72b' were required for stable binding of 68e'. Site-directed mutagenesis suggested that they provide the structural framework for the binding of SRP68. Deleting the region between TPR3 and TPR4 (h120) also prevented the formation of a heterodimer, but this predicted alpha-helical region appeared to engage several of its amino acid residues directly at the interface with 68e'. A 39-residue polypeptide (68h, residues 570-605), rich in prolines and containing an invariant aspartic residue at position 585, was found to be active. Mutagenesis scanning of the central region of 68h demonstrated that D585 was solely responsible for the formation of the heterodimer. Coexpression experiments suggested that 72b' protects 68h from proteolytic digestion consistent with the assertion that 68h is accommodated inside a groove formed by the superhelically arranged four TPRs of the N-terminal region of SRP72.
DIRECT INTERPRETATION OF RESISTIVITY DATA OVER TWO‐DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES*

A direct interpretation scheme is developed which is capable of determining most of the geological features of a ground which can be assumed to be two dimensional in structure. This scheme extends the earlier work of Pekeris (1940) and Koefoed (1968) to the case where the basal layer of a ground is undulating. It also has a limited use for finding the parameters of a dipping dyke in the lower medium. Though the top and dip of the dyke can be determined, this is not true for the thickness.
EFFECT OF GERMINATION ON HEMAGGLUTINATING ACTIVITY OF PEA AND BEAN SEEDS

The effect of germination on the blood hem agglutinating activity (BHA) of eight varieties’ of pea and bean seeds was studi Ed. Among seeds, the BHA of Wando, Laxton Progress, Pinto and soybean was the highest, that of Mung bean was the lowest. The BHA decreased progressively with days of germination. After 4 days of germination, the BHA of seeds decreased to the following percentages of ungerminated seeds: Dwarf Gray pea, 16.3%; Early Alaska pea, 8.1%; Laxton Progress pea, 5.3%; Mammoth Melting pea, 9.1%; Wando pea, 5.1%; and soybean, 3.7%. The BHA of Mung bean and Pinto bean disappeared completely after 4 days of germination. This study shows that an antinutritive factor, hemagglutinin, of seeds was decreased by germination.
Analysis of the Transition to Percutaneous Placement of Greenfield Filters

• To establish whether a transition from surgical to percutaneous placement of Greenfield filters was justified, a review of the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of the two approaches was conducted. Between 1984 and 1989,168 filters were placed in 169 patients, 48 surgically and 120 percutaneously. Placement was successful in 45 (94%) of the 48 surgical patients and 120 (99%) of the 121 percutaneous patients. Filter misplacement occurred in three (6%) surgical patients and no percutaneous patients. Clinically evident femoral vein thrombosis occurred in only four (5%) of the percutaneous patients, while inferior vena cava thrombosis occurred in three (3%) of the percutaneous patients. One pulmonary embolus occurred after percutaneous filter placement and resulted in death. The cost of percutaneous placement was 58% that of surgical placement. A retrospective review of the experience in our patient population indicates that safety, cost, and ease of insertion make the percutaneous approach the procedure of choice for Greenfield filter placement. ( Arch Surg . 1990;125:1550-1553)
Multicolor Image From Superposition Of Rainbow Holograms

This paper describes two methods that add a multicolor property to the rainbow holographic technique. The first method simply superposes three rainbow holograms, each of which is recorded in a different wavelength. It generates a three-dimensional, natural-color image in white light. The second method is also a super-position of rainbow holograms but requires only one wavelength in the entire recording process. The variation of the reference beam angle is converted into different colors. The reconstructed image does not necessarily have the original color distribution; rather it gives us a freedom to encode each exposure in any desirable color.
Estrogenic regulation of S6K1 expression creates a positive regulatory loop in control of breast cancer cell proliferation.

The 40S ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) is an important regulator of cell growth. Expression of S6K1 is often elevated in breast cancer cells. However, the transcriptional mechanism of S6K1 overexpression is not understood. In this report, we demonstrate that estrogen activates expression of S6K1 via Estrogen Receptor (ER) α in ER-positive breast cancer cells. We also show that estrogen acts on the proximal promoter of the S6K1 gene in a mechanism involving the transcriptional factor GATA-3. Finally, we provide data that support the importance of estrogenic regulation of S6K1 expression in breast cancer cell proliferation. S6K1 directly phosphorylates and regulates ligand-independent activity of ERα, while ERα upregulates S6K1 expression. This S6K1-ERα relationship creates a positive feed-forward loop in control of breast cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, the co-dependent association between S6K1 and ERα may be exploited in the development of targeted breast cancer therapies.
Increasing rates of cervical and lumbar spine surgery in the United States, 1979-1990.

Study DesignData from annual national surveys of hospitalizations were used to review trends.ObjectivesThe trends in rates of hospitalizations with cervical and lumbar spine surgery were examined among persons ≥25 years old.Summary of Background DataPrelimlnary analysis of national survey data indic
Discontinuous solutions in supersonic reacting gas flows.

Es werden fur Uberschallstromungen reagierender Gase verallgemeinerte Losungen mit schwachen und starken Unstetigkeiten (Sprunge in den Ableitungen bzw. in den Variablen selbst) betrachtet. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Kurven, an denen solche Unstetigkeiten auftreten, die Charakteristiken des Gleichungssystems fur schwache Unstetigkeiten sind. Das Zusammenwirken von Unstetigkeiten verschiedener Veranderlichen wird diskutiert.
Endoscopy for Internal Hemorrhoids

Commentary: Rectal bleeding from internal hemorrhoids occurs commonly and is a frequent indication to visit a physician. Some patients may present with severe bleeding and anemia that require hospital admission and/or blood transfusion. Although medical therapy is usually effective for the majority of outpatients, some patients with frequent and/or severe bleeding may require therapy by endoscopy or surgery. In this Clinical Update, Dr Rome Jutabha reviews the indications and contraindications to endoscopic therapy of symptomatic internal hemorrhoids. In addition, Dr Jutabha discusses the relative risks and benefits of the various commercially available endoscopic treatments. – Richard C. K. Wong, MD, FASGE, Editor University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
Estimates of Diapycnal Mixing in the Abyssal Ocean

Profiles of diapycnal eddy diffusivity to a maximum depth of 4000 meters were derived from ocean velocity and temperature microstructure data obtained in conjunction with separate experiments in the Northeast Pacific and Northeast Atlantic oceans. These profiles indicate that in the ocean interior where the internal wave field is at background intensity, the diapycnal eddy diffusivity is small (on the order of 0.1 x 10(-4) meters squared per second) and independent of depth, in apparent contradiction with large-scale budget studies. Enhanced dissipation is observed in regions of elevated internal wave energy, particularly near steeply sloping boundaries (where the eddy diffusivity estimates exceed 1 x 10(-4) meters squared per second). These results suggest that basin-averaged mixing rates may be dominated by processes occurring near the ocean boundaries.
Living with shore protection structures: A review

Abstract Shore protection structures will continue to be built and maintained to protect coastal infrastructure. This review identifies factors influencing our ability to retain or restore natural features or construct artificial habitats on beaches and dunes in the presence of these structures. Protection structures are visual and physical intrusions into natural landscapes, and they alter natural processes and introduce exotic habitat. Impacts on landforms and habitats vary depending on the type of structure and its size, shape, orientation, type of materials used, age and state of repair. Changes will occur to any structure through time, and decisions must be made to supplement, rebuild, replace, or remove them or allow them to deteriorate. Decisions about removing protection structures are problematic because they might already have habitat value, and the effects of removal are as difficult to predict as the effects of their original emplacement. Creative alternatives to traditional structures can be applied to retain or enhance some of the natural values of landforms and habitats. This can occur by making structures smaller, placing them below ground or water level, selecting construction materials that enhance habitat, or using beach fill to overcome undesirable effects. Decisions are required on whether the enhancement of habitat by modifying traditional structures is actually desirable. Humans must now be considered intrinsic agents of landscape evolution, and decisions on how, when and where to place, modify or remove protection structures depend on numerous human inputs, requiring interventions that have an interdisciplinary perspective and are placed in a societal context.
Association of the polyomavirus middle-T antigen with c-yes protein

Expression of the middle-T antigen of polyomavirus is sufficient to induce transformation of fibroblasts in culture and tumour formation in whole animals1–4. Middle-T can form a complex with the cellular src gene product (p60c-src) and can be phosphorylated by p60c-src in vitro5,6. Studies using middle-T mutants have suggested that the association of middle-T with pc-src may be necessary but not sufficient for transformation7–9. Therefore, we addressed the possibility that middle-T could interact with other tyrosine protein kinases structurally related to p60c-src. Using antibody raised against a fusion protein between β-galactosidase and amino-terminal sequences of p90gag-yes from Y73 virus (anti-yes antibody)10, we have found that middle-T can associate with and be phosphorylated by the c-yes proto-oncogene product, a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 62,000 (62K). This raises the possibility that the middle-T–c-yes complex contributes to transformation by polyomavirus.
Prophylaxis of migraine with anionic polyelectrolytes.

SYNOPSIS In previous studies on patients with migraine headaches we found that 50% had reduced concentrations of basophils and lymphocytes. Treatment with inhalations of heparin often restored these blood indices to normal and was accompanied by a reduction in migraine headache, We report here data on the long term treatment of 37 migraine patients with inhalations of heparin and with an oral semi-synthetic heparinoid, Pentosan Polysulfate (PNP). 27 patients responded with a mean improvement in migraine index of 79% and as a group showed significant increases in basophil, total lymphocyte, and in particular T-cell concentrations. Ten patients whose migraine headaches were related to their menstrual cycles were relatively unresponsive to heparin or PNP. They had a general leukopenia, but basophils were within normal range.
Initial heterosexual behavior of adolescent Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

This report describes the first heterosexual encounters of twelve 3-year-old rhesus monkeys, six of each sex. The subjects were all laboratory-born, and were reared in wire cages for the first 8 months of life, accompanied only by their mothers. After these animals were weaned, each was placed in a cage with another animal of the same age and sex. The pairs formed in this way remained intact until the animals were 2 years old. When heterosexual dyads were formed, some of the subjects attacked and bit the animal with which they had been paired, while the members of other pairs established almost immediate rapport as evidenced by mutual grooming and adequate sexual behavior. The initial sexual interactions of most pairs were uncoordinated, but all eventually demonstrated qualitatively species-typical patterns of sexual behavior. Despite their immaturity, two of these pairs succeeded in producing offspring, both of which were healthy.
Analytic Standard Errors for Exploratory Process Factor Analysis

Exploratory process factor analysis (EPFA) is a data-driven latent variable model for multivariate time series. This article presents analytic standard errors for EPFA. Unlike standard errors for exploratory factor analysis with independent data, the analytic standard errors for EPFA take into account the time dependency in time series data. In addition, factor rotation is treated as the imposition of equality constraints on model parameters. Properties of the analytic standard errors are demonstrated using empirical and simulated data.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Promotes Phosphorylation and Binding of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 to Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Chronic incubation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces a state of insulin resistance characterized by a diminished ability of insulin to induce phosphorylation of the β subunit of its own receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). When adipocytes are briefly pretreated with TNF and then stimulated with insulin, tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 increases above the level induced by insulin alone. By itself, TNF induces the time-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Among these is IRS-1, a docking protein with tyrosine phosphorylation sites that bind cytoplasmic signaling molecules that contain Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. TNF stimulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes also promotes the association of the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) with IRS-1 and also its tyrosine phosphorylation. In murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes, IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase phosphorylation and the association of these proteins are promoted by murine TNF, which interacts with the type 1 and type 2 TNF receptors. Human TNF, which binds to the murine type 1 TNF receptor selectively, also promotes IRS-1 phosphorylation and binding of IRS-1 to PI 3-kinase. This is the first demonstration that a member of the TNF/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily can use an IRS-1 signaling system as a component of its cellular response and provides a mechanism through which TNF receptors may engage downstream elements in signaling pathways.
A theoretical approach to the kinetics of polymer degradation in solution

After main-chain scission in a polymer, the frequency of encounter between segments in the different fragments is related to the separating process between the fragments. The relationship obtained shows that the separating time is proportional to M½, where M is the molecular weight, when the excluded volume disappears. When good solvent is used, the half-time for the separation is obtained as τ½ = const. M0.16–0.22, which is approximated to the experimental data obtained previously (τ½ = const. M0.34 and τ½ = const. M0.22) for the degradations of polyisobutene and poly(phenyl vinyl ketone), respectively. The increase of the half-time with increasing coil density can be explained by the excluded volume. The inverse proportionality of the diffusion of segments to solvent viscosity explains the proportionality of the half-time to microviscosity. The above separating process reverses the reaction between polymer radicals. From their dependence on the chain length, τ½/kD = const. M½ (where kD is the specific rate for the reaction), is estimated. Such an approximation holds, regardless of the type of solvent.
Elementary-step modeling and transient FTIR studies of CO oxidation on Rh/SiO2

Abstract This paper describes a non-equilibrium elementary-step model for CO oxidation on 5% Rh/SiO 2 . Transient programming methods were used to perform the experiments wherein Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and localized catalyst temperature measurements were combined with bulk measurements. The spatially-uniform model consisted of elementary steps (adsorption, desorption and surface reaction) together with heat and mass transport processes incorporated into overall reactor balances for the various species. The kinetic rate constants were based on literature values which were adjusted to match the experiment ignition and extinction temperatures. The model simulates well the experimental results over the range of experimental conditions in which uniform reaction rates prevail. The agreement is poor in the extinction transition where spatial non-uniformities are evident. The model was capable of predicting the behavior of a catalyst with a different Rh loading and thus can be used to design catalysts with optimum activity subject to a specified set of conditions.
Deletion of the Cytophaga hutchinsonii type IX secretion system gene sprP results in defects in gliding motility and cellulose utilization

Cytophaga hutchinsonii glides rapidly over surfaces and employs a novel collection of cell-associated proteins to digest crystalline cellulose. HimarEm1 transposon mutagenesis was used to isolate a mutant with an insertion in CHU_0170 (sprP) that was partially deficient in gliding motility and was unable to digest filter paper cellulose. SprP is similar in sequence to the Porphyromonas gingivalis type IX secretion system (T9SS) protein PorP that is involved in the secretion of gingipain protease virulence factors and to the Flavobacterium johnsoniae T9SS protein SprF that is needed to deliver components of the gliding motility machinery to the cell surface. We developed an efficient method to construct targeted nonpolar mutations in C. hutchinsonii and deleted sprP. The deletion mutant was defective in gliding and failed to digest cellulose, and complementation with sprP on a plasmid restored both abilities. Sequence analysis predicted that CHU_3105 is secreted by the T9SS, and deletion of sprP resulted in decreased levels of extracellular CHU_3105. The results suggest that SprP may function in protein secretion. The T9SS may be required for motility and cellulose utilization because cell surface proteins predicted to be involved in both processes have C-terminal domains that are thought to target them to this secretion system. The efficient genetic tools now available for C. hutchinsonii should allow a detailed analysis of the cellulolytic, gliding motility, and protein secretion machineries of this common but poorly understood bacterium.
Using the Semantics Inherent in Sitemaps to Learn Ontologies

The Semantic Web is a collection of components that work together so that a machine is able to process and understand information. In order for this vision to be fully realized, formal standards for representing and interpreting data must be determined and enforced. These formal standards include the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and machine processible ontologies. On the one hand, crafting an ontology manually is a difficult, time-consuming, and labor-intensive task. On the other hand, an automatically generated ontology may suffer from poor quality, including poor semantics. We are proposing a semi-automated approach in ontology development, an approach that limits the disadvantages of each above mentioned method when used in isolation. The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web. The current web itself has rich semantics, though not in a machine-readable format, and an important part of the current web is sitemaps. HTML sitemaps are useful in helping users to easily navigate websites, and they have rich taxonomic information. Thus, sitemaps could be of significant value in ontology development. Our approach evaluates related sitemaps by focusing on mining semantic information from these sitemaps and then using this information to help create ontologies. Given a set of HTML sitemaps from one domain, the proposed approach will first identify taxonomic relations to start building an ontology and then enhance the ontology by enrichment and refinement. The approach has been evaluated on several domains. The empirical experiments indicate that the approach is effective.
Synthesis of silver nanoplates at high yields by slowing down the polyol reduction of silver nitrate with polyacrylamide

This communication describes a simple route to Ag nanoplates by slowing the polyol reduction of silver nitrate with polyacrylamide (PAM). In addition to its role as a stabilizer for Ag colloids, the amino groups of PAM can form complexes with Ag+ ions in the solution to substantially reducing the reduction rate, leading to the formation of thin nanoplates.
A Bayesian perspective on the Bonferroni adjustment

SUMMARY Bayes/frequentist correspondences between the p-value and the posterior probability of the null hypothesis have been studied in univariate hypothesis testing situations. This paper extends these comparisons to multiple testing and in particular to the Bonferroni multiple testing method, in which p-values are adjusted by multiplying by k, the number of tests considered. In the Bayesian setting, prior assessments may need to be adjusted to account for multiple hypotheses, resulting in corresponding adjustments to the posterior probabilities. Conditions are given for which the adjusted posterior probabilities roughly correspond to Bonferroni adjusted p-values.
Resonances: Population of low-level density regions?

Abstract A simple explanation based primarily on the binding energies of nuclei in the entrance channel and level densities calculated with the shell model is proposed to explain the occurence of resonances in heavy-ion reactions for sd-shell nuclei.
A systematic review of curricula on relationships between residents and the pharmaceutical industry

CONTEXT Research has demonstrated the potential adverse impact of pharmaceutical company marketing techniques on doctor knowledge and prescribing practices. Lack of experience may make resident doctors particularly vulnerable to pharmaceutical industry influence. Curricula addressing resident-pharmaceutical industry relations have been reported, but there is no consensus regarding the best approach to take. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review published curricula that address resident-pharmaceutical industry relations and to assess them for content, validity and outcomes measures. METHODS Curricula were identified via searches of electronic databases and bibliographies of collected articles. Inclusion criteria required articles to describe an educational curriculum, applied in graduate medical education, on relations between doctors and the pharmaceutical industry. RESULTS The search identified 9 curricula. Most addressed detailing of residents by pharmaceutical representatives. Two articles described curriculum development. Eight articles included an evaluation component; only 1 included a control group for comparison. Modest improvements were noted in resident confidence, knowledge of guidelines, belief in the potential influence of marketing on behaviour, and self-reported acceptance of gifts. Only 2 evaluations used a validated outcome instrument, and no studies included longterm follow-up. CONCLUSIONS A limited number of curricula have addressed resident-pharmaceutical industry interactions. Inconsistency in content, application and evaluation methodology prevents any meaningful synthesis of data. Resident attitudes and behaviours may be affected, but the outcome measures used lacked sufficient validity to assess improvements in knowledge and analytic skills. A clearer delineation of the curriculum development process and the use of standardised outcome measures would facilitate the reproduction of positive results at other institutions.
NEW NONTHERMAL FILAMENTS AT THE GALACTIC CENTER: ARE THEY TRACING A GLOBALLY ORDERED MAGNETIC FIELD?

New high-resolution, wide-field 90 cm VLA observations of the Galactic center (GC) region by Nord and coworkers have revealed 20 nonthermal filament (NTF) candidates. We report 6 cm polarization observations of six of these. All of the candidates have the expected NTF morphology, and two show extended polarization, confirming their identification as NTFs. One of the new NTFs appears to be part of a system of NTFs located in the Sgr B region, 64 pc in projection north of Sgr A. These filaments cross the Galactic plane with an orientation similar to the filaments in the Galactic center radio arc. They extend the scale over which the NTF phenomena is known to occur to almost 300 pc along the Galactic plane. Another NTF was found in the Galactic plane south of the Sgr C filament but with an orientation of 45° to the Galactic plane. This is only the second of 12 confirmed NTFs that is not oriented perpendicular to the Galactic plane. An additional candidate in the Sgr C region was resolved into multiple filamentary structures. Polarization was detected only at the brightness peak of one of the filaments. Several of these filaments run parallel to the Galactic plane and can be considered additional evidence for nonpoloidal magnetic fields at the GC. Together the 90 and 6 cm observations indicate that the GC magnetic field may be more complex than a simple globally ordered dipolar field.
Sensitivity Study of PP and PS AVO on Azimuthal Anisotropy

Multicomponent seismic data offer not only seismic reflections of pure compressional wave (PP) but also of converted shear waves (PSV and PSH) resulting from conversions at stratum interfaces in the subsurface. Different types of waves have different responses to subsurface geology. The reflection amplitude responses of different types of waves have been investigated and compared through a numerical modeling study. The shot-receiver offset and azimuthal angle have been varied relative to the subsurface anisotropy symmetry direction. Our results show that PSV data are more sensitive to azimuthal anisotropy than PP data. This makes the converted wave a better tool for subsurface azimuthal anisotropy (or fracture) detection. The study also demonstrates that the higher-order term in PP-wave amplitude versus offset (AVO) expression (beyond the traditional intercept and slope terms) can be important for fracture detection. Feasibility modeling study before field application is essential to better understand the relative importance of each term in the azimuthal AVO response and the appropriate incidence angle range for azimuthal anisotropy detections.
A sub-word-parallel Galois field multiply-accumulate unit for digital signal processors

This paper presents a versatile Galois field multiply-accumulate (MAC) unit, which is used as a compute block in a digital signal processor (DSP). The MAC unit can be used to perform error detection through parallel computation of cyclic redundancy checks (CRC). We propose a Galois field MAC based algorithm to perform parallel computation of m-bit CRC using i bits of the message at a time, where i /spl les/ m. Handling less than m bits in parallel enables a trade-off by significantly reducing the hardware area and delay of the compute block. The MAC can also be used to perform error correction employing Reed Solomon codes. It uses a sub-word-parallel architecture to optimise the performance of the proposed CRC algorithm and Reed Solomon encoding/decoding. Thus it enables programmable solution to a large variety of applications employing error control coding techniques in the communications and consumer electronics field.
Work in progress — Multidisciplinary laboratory for development, design and consumer testing of marketable residential LED luminaires

Electrical engineers and architects collaborate in 'real life'. In the university, this rarely happens. This paper presents novel approaches to a laboratory that brings electrical engineering and architecture students together. Lawrence Technological University is participating in the 'Solar Decathlon 2007' international competition. Lighting is a critical part of this competition and 'lighting energy use' is one of the ten competitions. The designed house will have varying lighting requirements, and innovative energy conserving lighting approaches are required. The LTU laboratory facility will eventually have several stations known collectively as 'The Lighting Lab'. Electrical engineering students work on the technical aspects of light measurement and the design and manufacturing of luminaires, whereas architecture students work on designing esthetically pleasing lighting luminaires that meet the illumination requirements. Equipment in the lab includes various luminaries, lamps, an artificial sky fixture, a direct beam sunlight simulator, light meters and demonstration displays. Students become familiar with direct/indirect light sources and conventional and low-voltage lighting, and then develop how it can be used for task, decorative and general lighting. A focus for research is the study of LEDs [light emitting diodes]. LED luminaries require further development to provide required illumination at work surfaces in an esthetically pleasing way.