cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical oxidation of 2,6-diamino-8-purinol

Abstract Electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to determine the mechanism of oxidation of 2,6-diamino-8-purinol in phosphate buffer solutions. Experimental evidence indicates that the overall process is a 2 e−, 2 H+ reaction in which 2,6,-diamino-8-purinol is oxidized to form a diimine. The diimine is not stable and decomposes in a series of hydrolysis reactions to the final products 5-hydroxyghdantoin-5-carboxamide and 1-carbohydroxy2-,4,6,8-tetraaza-3,7-dioxo-4-ene-bicyclo[3,3,0]octane (BCA). Results are presented which show that the 2 e− oxidation of 2,6-diamino-8-purinol proceeds in two 1 e− steps and the evidence for the formation of a coupling product is discussed. A mechanism is proposed to explain the observed results.
Gentrification in Black Face?: The Return of the Black Middle Class to Urban Neighborhoods

This article explores the historical, economic, and social factors that shape the recent migration of middle-class Blacks to low-income, urban, Black neighborhoods. It focuses on the meanings associated with this pattern of Black gentrification and the extent to which this residential pattern is consistent with previous models of urban gentrification. Using three years of ethnographic data from a low-income neighborhood in Philadelphia that has experienced an increase in Black middle-class residents, I conclude that this pattern of neighborhood change is distinct from previous models of urban gentrification. In this article, I argue that Black gentrification represents a unique set of opportunities and constraints that produce a group of middleclass African Americans willing to invest their social, economic, and cultural capital into improving the quality of life for low-income Black neighborhoods and their residents.
Effects of lead on growth and feeding behavior of young common terns (Sterna hirundo).

Common tern,Sterna hirundo, chicks injected with lead (Pb) nitrate (IP) showed slower weight gain than controls, due to reduced assimilation efficiency, rather than reduced food intake. The ability to manipulate fish, involving complex motor coordination of head and neck, showed impairment, while the ability to locate and seize fish did not. The study demonstrates that Pb can selectively impair certain behavioral functions of feeding.
Effect of insemination volume and concentration of spermatozoa on embryo recovery in mares

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine 1) if an insemination volume of 50 ml yielded a lower embryo recovery rate than an insemination volume of 10 ml, when both volumes contained a total of 250 million progressively motile spermatozoa, and 2) if an insemination volume of 50 ml yielded a lower embryo recovery rate than an insemination volume of 10 ml, when both volumes contained 25 million motile spermatozoa/ml of extended semen. Mares exhibiting estrus for 2 or more days and having a follicle ≥ 35 mm were inseminated every other day throughout estrus with extended semen. For the first experiment, insemination volumes (10 or 50 ml) of extended semen contained 250 million progressively motile spermatozoa. There was a significant (P
The “O and I” refrain in middle English poems: A grammatology of judgment day

Les Ecritures sources du refrain " graphique " de la forme " With an O and an I " dans la poesie religieuse moyen-anglaise
Electronic and Optical Properties of Modulation Doped Semiconductor Quantum Wells

We report on calculations of electronic and optical properties of modulation doped quantum well heterostructures based on a multiband effective mass approach which incorporates mixing of heavy and light hole states. The modulation doped quantum well structure is of special interest, because its electronic and optical properties can be substantially modified by adjusting the bias voltage across the sample. The valence sub-band structure is found to be a complicated function of the width and depth of the well and the doping potential; hence the zone center effective hole masses depend nontrivially on these parameters. Our calculations show that for some values of the well parameters the second valence subband has a negative effective mass. By choosing this effective hole mass to be equal to the negative of the effective electron mass a singularity can be created in the joint density of states causing sharp peaks to appear in the absorption and photoconductivity spectra.
Changes in delivered tidal volume with the addition of carbon dioxide to mechanical ventilation.

Summary Objective: To determine discrepancies in delivered tidal volumes induced by the addition of carbon dioxide (CO2) during mechanical ventilation. Design: Prospective, experimental, lung model study. Setting: Research laboratory at a University hospital. Subjects: Ventilator set-up using a mechanical lung model. Interventions: Tidal volumes were measured during pressure and volume limited ventilation at various pressures and volumes with the addition of inspired CO2 concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 4%. Three ventilator set-ups were used including the addition of CO2 to the inspiratory limb (M1), the use of two external blenders to mix air, oxygen and CO2 prior to entry to the ventilator (M2), and the use of one external blender to mix air and CO2 prior to addition to the ventilator. Measurements and main results: Statistically significant increases in delivered tidal volume were noted with the addition of CO2 with all three of the ventilator set-ups (M1, M2 and M3). However, the maximum increase was 2.4% above that of baseline (no CO2 added). With the M2 set-up, there was also a significant discrepancy noted between the set and the delivered tidal volumes (16–17%) when using the volume limited mode even without the addition of CO2. Conclusions: Either the M1 or the M3 set-up functioned efficiently without clinically significant alterations in ventilator performance. We prefer the M1 set-up as it is the one that is used most commonly in clinical practice and does not require significant alterations in the working configuration of the ventilator.
Hernlund receives 2010 Jason Morgan Early Career Award: Citation

[1] John W. Hernlund received the 2010 Jason Morgan Early Career Award at the 2010 AGU Fall Meeting, held 13–17 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is “for significant early-career contributions to tectonophysics.”
Precision neutron interferometric measurements and updated evaluations of the n − p and n − d coherent neutron scattering lengths

We have performed high-precision measurements of the coherent neutron scattering lengths of gas phase molecular hydrogen and deuterium using neutron interferometry. After correcting for molecular binding and multiple scattering from the molecule, we find ${b}_{\mathrm{np}}=(\ensuremath{-}3.7384\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0020)\mathrm{fm}$ and ${b}_{\mathrm{nd}}=(6.6649\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0040)\mathrm{fm}.$ Our results are in agreement with the world average of previous measurements, ${b}_{\mathrm{np}}=(\ensuremath{-}3.7410\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0010)\mathrm{fm}$ and ${b}_{\mathrm{nd}}=(6.6727\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0045)\mathrm{fm}.$ The new world averages for the $n\ensuremath{-}p$ and $n\ensuremath{-}d$ coherent scattering lengths, including our new results, are ${b}_{\mathrm{np}}=(\ensuremath{-}3.7405\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0009)\mathrm{fm}$ and ${b}_{\mathrm{nd}}=(6.6683\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0030)\mathrm{fm}.$ We compare ${b}_{\mathrm{nd}}$ with the calculations of the doublet and quartet scattering lengths of several nucleon-nucleon potential models and show that almost all known calculations are in disagreement with the precisely measured linear combination corresponding to the coherent scattering length. Combining the world data on ${b}_{\mathrm{nd}}$ with the modern high-precision theoretical calculations of the quartet $n\ensuremath{-}d$ scattering lengths recently summarized by Friar et al., we deduce a new value for the doublet scattering length of ${}^{2}{a}_{\mathrm{nd}}=[0.645\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003(\mathrm{expt})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007(\mathrm{theory})]\mathrm{fm}.$ This value is a factor of 4, more precise than the previously accepted value of ${}^{2}{a}_{\mathrm{nd}}=[0.65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04(\mathrm{expt})]\mathrm{fm}.$ The current state of knowledge of scattering lengths in the related $p\ensuremath{-}d$ system, ideas for improving by a factor of 5 the accuracy of the ${b}_{\mathrm{np}}$ and ${b}_{\mathrm{nd}}$ measurements using neutron interferometry, and possibilities for further improvement of our knowledge of the coherent neutron scattering lengths of ${}^{3}\mathrm{H},$ ${}^{3}\mathrm{He},$ and ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ are discussed.
Nurse practitioners' communication styles and their impact on patient outcomes: an integrated literature review.

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to examine the published research from 1999 to 2005 describing nurse practitioner (NP)–patient interactions and to determine the best practice to enhance patient outcomes. Data sources: Databases searched included Academic Search Elite, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Health Source Consumer Edition, Health Source Nursing/Academic Edition, Medline, and PsychInfo. Conclusions: Two communication styles described in the literature and determined by authors were (a) biomedical and (b) biopsychosocial. The biopsychosocial style is identified as patient-centered communication. Seven studies were then analyzed for NPs’ communication styles and the impact that they had on patient outcomes. The studies analyzed demonstrated that biopsychosocial (patient-centered) communication style positively influences patient outcomes as evidenced by (a) improved patient satisfaction, (b) increased adherence to treatment plans, and (c) improved patient health. Implications for practice: The results of this review indicate that patient-centered communication incorporated into the NPs’ practice is associated with improving patient outcomes such as (a) improved patient satisfaction, (b) increased adherence to treatment plans, and (c) improved patient health. Future research needs to be performed in order to fully study the relationship between NPs using patient-centered communication style and its impact on patient outcomes. Clinical recommendations are made based on findings of the integrated literature review.
Error bounds in mathematical programming

Originated from the practical implementation and numerical considerations of iterative methods for solving mathematical programs, the study of error bounds has grown and proliferated in many interesting areas within mathematical programming. This paper gives a comprehensive, state-of-the-art survey of the extensive theory and rich applications of error bounds for inequality and optimization systems and solution sets of equilibrium problems.
Synthesis of Platinum Catalyst Clusters and Electrochemical Investigation of Stability

In the current work, platinum catalyst nanoclusters were synthesized using two methods: (a) ascorbic acid reduction of K2PtCl4, (b) an H2PtCl6 polyol process. The processes yield clusters of platinum consisting of nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. Experiments were conducted using platinum clusters as the working electrode and bulk platinum wire as the counter electrode, both supported on inert, electronically conducting substrates. The electrodes spaced between 1 mm and 6 mm apart, were immersed in a Pt2+/Pt4+ containing electrolyte solution and electric potential was measured across the two electrodes. Experimental data show significantly lower kinetics of particle growth for the clustered, uniformly sized particles as compared to commercially available carbon supported platinum catalysts.
The effects of reserpine and haloperidol on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the brains of aged rats

Many neurotransmitter systems appear to be altered with aging. The effects of aging on the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines in the brain has been examined. The endogenous basal activity of tyrosine hydroxylase was lower in the hypothalamus of 24 month old Fisher 344 rats than in the hypothalamus of 3 month old or 6 month old animals. There was no difference in the basal activity of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus ceruleus, frontal cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, or the striatum of rats of ages 3 months, 6 months and 24 months. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity was increased in the striatum of 3 month old (60%) and 6 month old (28%) rats after treatment with haloperidol or reserpine, whereas no change in enzyme activity followed administration of these drugs to 24 month old animals. In conclusion, increases in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the brain that normally occur in the striatum of 3 month old rats after haloperidol or reserpine treatment are significantly decreased in 6 month old rats and not apparent in 24 month old rats.
Surface and interfacial tension in systems of α,ω-alkanediols with n-alkanes

Abstract The surface tensions of the α,ω-alkanediols which are liquids at room temperature, and their interfacial tensions against selected n-alkanes (from heptane to hexadecane), have been measured. The surface tensions of the equilibrated phases and several mutual solubilities have also been determined. The surface and interfacial tensions all exhibit a linear dependence on (molecular weight) − 1 2 . Similarities and differences between the present results and some earlier measurements on alkane/poly(ethylene glycol) systems are discussed; the importance of the ether oxygens of the poly(ethylene glycols) in influencing interfacial properties is made evident. Extrapolation of surface and interfacial tension data yields surprisingly accurate predictions of alkane/water interfacial tensions and the surface tension of water.
The Symbiosis Regulator CbrA Modulates a Complex Regulatory Network Affecting the Flagellar Apparatus and Cell Envelope Proteins

Sinorhizobium meliloti participates in a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legume plant host species of the genera Medicago, Melilotus, and Trigonella. We recently identified an S. meliloti two-component sensory histidine kinase, CbrA, which is absolutely required to establish a successful symbiosis with Medicago sativa (K. E. Gibson, G. R. Campbell, J. Lloret, and G. C. Walker, J. Bacteriol. 188:4508-4521, 2006). In addition to having a symbiotic defect, the cbrA::Tn5 mutant also has free-living phenotypes that suggest a cell envelope perturbation. Because the bases for these phenotypes are not well understood, we undertook an identification of CbrA-regulated genes. We performed a microarray analysis and compared the transcriptome of the cbrA::Tn5 mutant to that of the wild type. Our global analysis of gene expression identified 162 genes that are differentially expressed in the cbrA::Tn5 mutant, including those encoding proteins involved in motility and chemotaxis, metabolism, and cell envelope function. With regard to those genes with a known role in symbiosis, we observed increased expression of nine genes with overlapping functions in bacterial invasion of its host, which suggests that the mutant could be competent for invasion. Since these CbrA-repressed genes are vital to the invasion process, it appears that down-regulation of CbrA activity is important at this stage of nodule development. In contrast, our previous work showed that CbrA is required for bacteria to establish themselves within the host as nitrogen-fixing symbionts. Therefore, we propose a model in which CbrA functions as a developmental switch during symbiosis.
Electronic Properties and Defect Structure of Ti407: Correlation of Magnetic Susceptibility, Electrical Conductivity, and Structural Parameters via EPR Spectroscopy

Variable temperature EPR studies of polycrystalline Ti4O7 and preliminary single crystal studies have been interpreted in relation to the static magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity and X-ray diffraction data obtained on Ti4O7 samples from the same chemical run. This has facilitated the calculation of the mobility, the electrical conductivity, and the electronic effective mass in both the metallic and semiconducting regions of Ti4O7. Below ≈ 149 K a hopping mechanism dominates the conduction properties and at ≈ 120 K, μhop ≈ 4 × 10−6 cm2/Vs and σcal ≈ 1.49 × 10−3 (Ω cm)−1. This latter value is in good agreement with σmeas ≈ 3 × 10−3 (Ω cm)−1 obtained experimentally. An electronic effective mass of 5.6 me has been obtained for the semiconducting region and is consistent with a value of ≈ 5 me determined from thermoelectric and Hall effect data for the low temperature phase of Ti2O3. Above 149 K optical mode phonon scattering and ionized defect scattering combine to yield a total mobility of μT ≈ 0.6 cm2/Vs and σcal ≈ 1.43 × 103 (Ω cm)−1 which is in excellent agreement with the electrical conductivity results at 295 K. EPR-Untersuchungen bei variabler Temperatur an polykristallinem Ti4O7 und vorlaufige Einkristalluntersuchungen werden bezuglich der statischen magnetischen Suszeptibilitat, elektrischen Leitfahigkeit und Rontgenbeugungsdaten an Ti4O7-Proben der gleichen chemischen Serie diskutiert. Dies ermoglicht die Berechnung der Beweglichkeit, der elektrischen Leitfahigkeit und der effektiven Elektronenmasse sowohl im metallischen als auch im halbleitenden Bereich von Ti4O7. Unterhalb ≈ 149 K dominiert ein Hoppingmechanismus fur die Leitfahigkeitseigenschaften und bei ≈ 120 K betragt μhop ≈ 4 × 10−6 cm2/Vs und σcal ≈ 1,49 × 10−3 (Ω cm)−1. Der letztere Wert befindet sich in guter Ubereinstimmung mit dem experimentell ermittelten Wert σmeas ≈ 3 × 10−3 (Ω cm)−1. Eine effektive Elektronenmasse von 5,6 me wurde fur den halbleitenden Bereich erhalten, ein Wert der mit dem Wert von ≈ 5 me aus thermoelektrischen und Halleffektsmessungen fur die Niedertemperaturphase von Ti2O3 konsistent ist. Oberhalb 149 K ergeben kombinierte Streuung an optischen Phononen und ionisierten Storstellen eine Gesamtbeweglichkeit von μT μT 0,6 cm2/Vs und σcal ≈ 1,43 × 103 (Ωcm)−1 in ausgezeichneter Ubereinstimmung mit elektrischen Leitfahigkeitswerten bei 295 K.
Clinical and methodological utility of a composite outcome measure for alcohol treatment research.

Background: How to capture different response patterns resulting from alcohol treatment has been a troublesome issue for alcohol researchers. A composite measure is one approach to capturing multiple treatment outcomes among diverse client populations. This article provides the rationale. development, and work conducted thus far on the composite outcome index and discusses the clinical utility of the measure. Methods: With the use of Project MATCH data, the composite outcome measure was examined in relation to self-reported alcohol consumption and alcohol problems and biological markers as well as in relation to other areas of functioning, such as psychiatric dysfunction and quality of life. Also, for assessing the stability of the measure, different composite outcomes statuses were assessed over time. Results: Individuals with better scores on composite outcome index had fewer percent days abstinent, consumed more alcohol when they drank, had a greater number of alcohol problems, and evidenced higher blood levels as measured by y-glutamyltranspeptidase and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin. Individuals with poorer composite outcome statuses had poorer social and behavioral role functioning and mental and physical health-related quality of life. Findings on short- and long-term composite outcome statuses revealed that only a minority of clients (30%) sustained a remitted status (i.e., abstinent or moderate drinking without problems) over the 1-year follow-up, and fully 70% of the clients had reached a nonremitted status (i.e., heavy drinking and/or problems) on the composite measure at one or more time points during the 12-month follow-up. Conclusions: The composite outcome index could be used usefully along with singular measures of consumption to obtain a more complete picture of what has occurred among clients posttreatment. Future work will involve the testing of the composite outcome index with other client populations and/or different treatments to further our understanding of the varying response patterns found among alcohol-dependent clients.
Graphene growth with giant domains using chemical vapor deposition

We report the first demonstration of the growth of giant graphene domains on platinum (Pt), which results in a uniform bilayer graphene film with domain sizes of millimetre scale. These giant graphene domains are attributed to the giant Pt grains attained in post-deposition annealed Pt thin films that exhibit a strong dependency on the Pt film thickness. Giant grains have been claimed to occur in other metallic materials under appropriate film thicknesses and processing conditions. Our findings demonstrate a route towards rational large-scale uniform graphene synthesis for applications in nanoelectronics and sensing.
Class-based target identification with multiaspect scattering data

In underwater sensing applications, it is often difficult to train a classifier in advance for all targets that may be seen during testing, due to the large number of targets that may be encountered. We therefore partition the training data into target classes, with each class characteristic of multiple targets that share similar scattering physics. In some cases, one may have a priori insight into which targets should constitute a given class, while in other cases this segmentation must be done autonomously based on the scattering data. For the latter case, we constitute the classes using an information-theoretic mapping criterion. Having defined the target classes, the second phase of our identification procedure involves determining those features that enhance the similarity between the targets in a given class. This is achieved by using a genetic algorithm (GA)-based feature-selection algorithm with a Kullback-Leibler (KL) cost function. The classifier employed is appropriate for multiaspect scattering data and is based on a hidden Markov model (HMM). The performance of the class-based classification algorithm is examined using both measured and computed acoustic scattering data from submerged elastic targets.
In Pursuit of Justice: Christian-Democratic Explorations

In Pursuit of Justice: Christian-Democratic Explorations. By James W. Skillen. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2004. 192p. $65.00 cloth, $22.95 paper. This is a timely book about the relation of theory to practice and of Christian faith to politics. Its author first crafts a case for a Christian-democratic understanding of person, polity, and justice, and then explores possible implications of this worldview for various U.S. policy issues. The book is brief but thought provoking, written in clear and engaging prose and surveying an impressive range of scholarly literature. Among the chief merits of In Pursuit of Justice are its interdisciplinary character and its breadth. The arguments advanced should interest practitioners of many fields within political science, including political theory, American politics, policy studies, constitutional law, and religion and politics.
Mrp4, a new mitogen-regulated protein/proliferin gene; unique in this gene family for its expression in the adult mouse tail and ear.

Mitogen-regulated proteins (also known as proliferin; mrp/plf) are nonclassical members of the PRL/GH family. They are expressed at high levels during midgestation when they are thought to induce angiogenesis and uterine growth. There are between four and six mrp/plf genes, and three different complementary DNAs have been cloned. Here we identify a fourth mrp/plf gene (mrp4) that we have cloned and characterized. MRP4 is 91% identical in amino acid sequence with the other MRP/PLF proteins but is missing two glycosylation sites that are present in the other forms. Consistent with the loss of two of three glycosylation sites, the expressed form of MRP4 has a lower apparent molecular weight compared with other MRP/PLFs. In vivo, mrp4 is expressed in the placenta and the adult skin. Expression of mrp4 messenger RNA peaks in the placenta on day 12. In the skin, mrp4 expression is specific to the ears and tails of mice. Our results suggest that, as well as having growth and angiogenic effects during pregnancy, ...
Extracting gene pathway relations using a hybrid grammar: the Arizona Relation Parser

Motivation: Text-mining research in the biomedical domain has been motivated by the rapid growth of new research findings. Improving the accessibility of findings has potential to speed hypothesis generation. Results: We present the Arizona Relation Parser that differs from other parsers in its use of a broad coverage syntax-semantic hybrid grammar. While syntax grammars have generally been tested over more documents, semantic grammars have outperformed them in precision and recall. We combined access to syntax and semantic information from a single grammar. The parser was trained using 40 PubMed abstracts and then tested using 100 unseen abstracts, half for precision and half for recall. Expert evaluation showed that the parser extracted biologically relevant relations with 89% precision. Recall of expert identified relations with semantic filtering was 35 and 61% before semantic filtering. Such results approach the higher-performing semantic parsers. However, the AZ parser was tested over a greater variety of writing styles and semantic content. Availability: Relations extracted from over 600 000 PubMed abstracts are available for retrieval and visualization at http://econport.arizona.edu:8080/NetVis/index.html
Growth and Polarity Control of GaN and AlN on Carbon-face SiC by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy

Growth and polarity control of GaN and AlN on carbon-face SiC (C-SiC) by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) are reported. The polarities of GaN and AlN layers were found to be strongly dependent on the pre-growth treatment of C-SiC substrates. A pre-flow of trimethyaluminum (TMAl) or a very low NH3/TMAl ratio results in Al(Ga)-polarity layers on C-SiC. Otherwise, N-polarity layers resulted. The polarities of AlN and GaN layers were conveniently determined by their etching rate in KOH or H3PO4, a method reported earlier. We suggest that the Al adatoms, which have a high sticking coefficient on SiC, form several Al adlayers on C-SiC and change the incorporation sequence of Ga(Al) and N leading to metal polarity surface. In addition, the hexagonal pyramids, typical on N-polarity GaN surface, are absent on N-polarity GaN on off-axis C-SiC owing to high density of terraces on off-axis C-SiC. The properties of GaN layers grown on C-SiC are studied by X-ray diffraction.
p-adic Gamma Functions

The object of this chapter is to introduce the p-adic gamma function. This will be used to explain the p-adic beta function and ultimately for our discussion of singular disks in Chapters 24–26. Our treatment is strongly influenced by Boyarsky [5]. We will be brief since similar material has been discussed by Lang [23] and by Katz [21].
Necker cube perspective dominance as a function of retinal disparity.

Necker cube reversal rate and dominance of cube orientation were measured for 60 Ss under three conditions of disparity, both with and without steady fixation. Passive instructions were given. Reti...
Cationic Self‐Diffusion in Calcia‐Stabilized Zirconia

Self-diffusion of Zr in 12 and 16 mol.% CaO and of Ca in 16 mol.% CaO cubic zirconia was measured by the sectioning technique from 1700° to 2150°C. Lattice self-diffusion coefficients are: Autoradiographs show rapid grain boundary diffusion. DB is estimated as <105DL between 1800° and 2150°C. The low cation self-diffusion coefficients are compared with the high anion rate, and their effect on the diffusion-controlled properties of zirconia is discussed.
IgG Subclasses: Importance in Pediatric Practice

Although many clinical studies provide evidence of a relation between IgG subclass deficiency and increased susceptibility to infection, a direct cause-and-effect relationship clearly does not exist. Each patient must be managed in the full context of clinical symptomatology, reliable measurement of IgG subclasses, and evaluation of specific antibody production. Future studies may clarify the factors that stimulate and regulate the production of IgG subclasses and improve our understanding of their role in the health of children.
A Topological Study of the Closed Fragment of GLP

In this article, we study the canonical model for the closed fragment of GLP and establish its precise relationship with a universal model constructed by Ignatiev. In particular, we effectively characterize the canonical model in terms of a coordinate system based on sequences of ordinals up to e0.We then define a simple topological model of this logic by defining a natural polytopology on the ordinal e0 itself.
Dual-tasking gait variability and cognition in late-life depression

OBJECTIVES: Studies have demonstrated an association between major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms and fall risk in older adults, which may be at least partially mediated by executive functioning skills. There have also been observations of increased gait variability associated with fall risk and disease. This preliminary study first sought to understand whether gait variability in the context of dual task cost differs among older adults with MDD, relative to those with no history of psychiatric illness, and second, to identify relationships between gait variability measures and cognitive functioning in the context of MDD. METHODS: We recruited 15 older adults with MDD and 17 non-depressed (ND) community-dwelling older adults. All participants had impaired balance based on unipedal stance time. Assessments included neuropsychological measures and measures of gait variability using an instrumented gait mat (GAITRite(©) ) in the context of dual task relative to single task performance (i.e., dual task cost). RESULTS: The groups did not differ on any gait variability parameters. The MDD group demonstrated poorer performance in the psychomotor speed domain, relative to the ND group, but cognitive functioning between the groups in other domains was equivalent. In MDD, increased variability in stride time, stride velocity, and swing time during dual-tasking were associated with poorer executive functioning and visual memory. In ND, no significant relationships between gait variables and cognitive performance were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that unique cognitive mechanisms underlie mobility problems associated with fall risk in late-life depression. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Anglo Intrusion on the Old Sangre de Cristo Land Grant

Positioned on the northern edge of the Hispano homeland, the southern portion of the old Sangre de Cristo Land Grant (present-day Costilla County, Colorado) provides an interesting empirical study of cultural change. After economically displacing Spanish-American residents from villages throughout the homeland's core, incoming Anglos have adopted the region's rich Spanish culture as their own. On the homeland's periphery, however, the cultural traditions of Hispanos and Anglos have been, for the most part, at odds. Most resident Hispanos desire to maintain ties to their traditional past, while the younger generations embrace Anglo cultural norms. Considering the vital role it plays in the maintenance of culture, religion provides a window to the study area's modified cultural environment. In 1900 the population in this region was predominantly Catholic Hispano; by 1990 Protestant-dominated Anglos comprised a sizeable proportion of the population. Comparisons are made between traditional Hispano and Anglo-...
Facilitated peer- mentorship: the challenges faced by facilitator mentors

W omen doctors who wish to advance academically face many challenges. The important role of mentorship for female teaching staff who are pursuing such career development has been previously described. However, the current environment in health care has negatively affected the pool of qualified and willing mentors. Confronted with increased demands for clinical productivity, many senior teaching staff do not have the time or resources to commit to this activity. The resultant paucity of women in the upper ranks of academia precludes the development of sufficient dyadic mentoring partnerships.
A study on the effect of the high-penetration photovoltaic system on an increase in overvoltage of distribution feeders

The objective of this study is to investigate the transient behavior of a distribution network when photovoltaic (PV) systems with relatively high capacity are injecting their power. Therefore, using DIgSILENT, this study models a substation distribution system, including feeder J1 with 3,434 buses in the northeastern United States, adds four PV systems with relatively high capacity (28.8 percent of peak generation of the substation), and examines transient responses of the feeder when PV systems either able or unable to control reactive power are injecting their power.
Quantification of local matrix deformations and mechanical properties during capillary morphogenesis in 3D

Reciprocal mechanical interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are thought to play important instructive roles in branching morphogenesis. However, most studies to date have failed to characterize these interactions on a length scale relevant to cells, especially in three-dimensional (3D) matrices. Here we utilized two complementary methods, spatio-temporal image correlation spectroscopy (STICS) and laser optical tweezers-based active microrheology (AMR), to quantify endothelial cell (EC)-mediated deformations of individual ECM elements and the local ECM mechanical properties, respectively, during the process of capillary morphogenesis in a 3D cell culture model. In experiments in which the ECM density was systematically varied, STICS revealed that the rate at which ECs deformed individual ECM fibers on the microscale positively correlated with capillary sprouting on the macroscale. ECs expressing constitutively active V14-RhoA displaced individual matrix fibers at significantly faster rates and displayed enhanced capillary sprouting relative to wild-type cells, while those expressing dominant-negative N19-RhoA behaved in an opposite fashion. In parallel, AMR revealed a local stiffening of the ECM proximal to the tips of sprouting ECs. By quantifying the dynamic physical properties of the cell-ECM interface in both space and time, we identified a correlation linking ECM deformation rates and local ECM stiffening at the microscale with capillary morphogenesis at the macroscale.
Tamoxifen increases nuclear respiratory factor 1 transcription by activating estrogen receptor β and AP-1 recruitment to adjacent promoter binding sites

Little is known about endogenous estrogen receptor β (ERβ) gene targets in human breast cancer. We reported that estradiol (E(2)) induces nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) transcription through ERα in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Here we report that 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), with an EC(50) of ~1.7 nM, increases NRF-1 expression by recruiting ERβ, cJun, cFos, CBP, and RNA polymerase II to and dismissing NCoR from the NRF1 promoter. Promoter deletion and transient transfection studies showed that the estrogen response element (ERE) is essential and that an adjacent AP-1 site contributes to maximal 4-OHT-induced NRF-1 transcription. siRNA knockdown of ERβ revealed that ERβ inhibits basal NRF-1 expression and is required for 4-OHT-induced NRF-1 transcription. An AP-1 inhibitor blocked 4-OHT-induced NRF-1 expression. The 4-OHT-induced increase in NRF-1 resulted in increased transcription of NRF-1 target CAPNS1 but not CYC1, CYC2, or TFAM despite increased NRF-1 coactivator PGC-1α protein. The absence of TFAM induction corresponds to a lack of Akt-dependent phosphorylation of NRF-1 with 4-OHT treatment. Overexpression of NRF-1 inhibited 4-OHT-induced apoptosis and siRNA knockdown of NRF-1 increased apoptosis, indicating an antiapoptotic role for NRF-1. Overall, NRF-1 expression and activity is regulated by 4-OHT via endogenous ERβ in MCF-7 cells.
Repeated Sequences with Similar Physicochemical Properties May Account for Cross-Reactions Between Peanuts and Tree Nuts

FEBRUARY 2013 AB20 Abstracts S A T U R D A Y 71 Chemical and Structural Alterations to Ara h 2 Following Simulated Roasting Tysheena Charles, MS, Casey C. Grimm, Samuel Landry, PhD, Soheila J. Maleki, PhD; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USDA-ARS-SRRC, New Orleans, LA, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA. RATIONALE: Ara h 2 is a peanut allergen that is a member of the 2s albumins, a family of potent plant allergens. Recombinant Ara h 2 (rAra h 2) was expressed at high levels and purified in folded form. This protein was subjected to a simulated roasting model (SRM) and specific amino acid modifications were identified. METHODS: The cDNA for Ara h 2 was commercially synthesized to encode the codons preferred byE. coli. This cDNAwas cloned into pET32b and expressed as a thioredoxin fusion, which was then cleaved from the soluble rAra h 2. Proper folding of rArah 2 was confirmed by circular dichroism. rAra h 2 was then incubated in the presence of 0.25M glucose or xylose for 2, 4, 7and 10 days in a SRM and tested for IgE binding with patient sera using western blot and ELISA. Mass spectrometry was used to identify chemical modifications that occur following the SRM. RESULTS: A range of alterations in IgE reactivity towards rAra h 2 was observed following SRM. Mass spectrometry allowed us to identify specific modifications to amino acids of rAra h 2 following SRM that may contribute to alterations in IgE binding. CONCLUSIONS: IgE binding to rAra h 2 before and after processingwas altered for some patient sera and specific chemical modifications that may contribute to this were identified. Further studies will be done to definitively identify the chemical modifications that contribute to altered IgE binding following SRM and its effects on histamine release.
Dibutyryl adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (db-cAMP) induced growth inhibition and morphologic changes in human medulloblastoma cell line TE671

Cyclic AMP may represent a’ second messenger’ for receptor-mediated regulation of cell division in normal and malignant neural cells. To determine if the human medulloblastoma cell line TE671 was responsive to this mechanism, cultured cells were treated with 0.01-1 mM concentrations of N6O2′-dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP). Cell growth, morphologic changes, and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were used as parameters of differentiation. Inhibition of cell growth was db-cAMP dose dependent and reversible. Morphological evidence of differentiation (process formation) was observed and was db-cAMP dose-dependent. Cells treated with 1 mM db-cAMP for nine days and non-treated control cells were markedly positive for NSE. Neither glial nor neuronal differentiation was detected using GFAP or Bodian silver staining. TE671 has biochemical features of neuronal differentiation and undergoes dose-dependent morphological changes and growth inhibition with db-cAMP. Specific receptors on TE671 may mediate growth control in vitro and possibly in medulloblastoma in vivo.
Calcium Control Mechanisms in the Myometrial Cell and the Role of the Phosphoinositide Cycle

Smooth muscle contraction follows excitation at the plasma membrane. The link between these two events is the rise in intracellular calcium. Calcium can enter through plasma membrane channels activated either by depolarization of the plasma membrane or by specific binding of a hormone to its receptor. Hormone—receptor binding can be followed by the breakdown of plasma membrane phosphoinositides with the generation of a series of messengers. These serve multiple functions, including the release of calcium from intracellular stores into the cytoplasm. In this chapter we first discuss the biochemical reactions that cause changes in intracellular calcium concentration. This is followed by a review of the phosphoinositide system and its role in the release of second messengers that initiate myometrial contraction.
Neurocirculatory consequences of abrupt change in sleep state in humans

The arterial pressure elevations that accompany sleep apneas may be caused by chemoreflex stimulation, negative intrathoracic pressure, and/or arousal. To assess the neurocirculatory effects of arousal alone, we applied graded auditory stimuli during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep in eight healthy humans. We measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity (intraneural microelectrodes), electroencephalogram (EEG; C4/A1 and O1/A2), arterial pressure (photoelectric plethysmography), heart rate (electrocardiogram), and stroke volume (impedance cardiography). Auditory stimuli caused abrupt increases in systolic and diastolic pressures (21 +/- 2 and 15 +/- 1 mmHg) and heart rate (11 +/- 2 beats/min). Cardiac output decreased (-10%). Stimuli that produced EEG evidence of arousal evoked one to two large bursts of sympathetic activity (316 +/- 46% of baseline amplitude). Stimuli that did not alter EEG frequency produced smaller but consistent pressor responses even though no sympathetic activation was observed. We conclude that arousal from NREM sleep evokes a pressor response caused by increased peripheral vascular resistance. Increased sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle may contribute to, but is not required for, this vasoconstriction. The neurocirculatory effects of arousal may augment those caused by asphyxia during episodes of sleep-disordered breathing.
Distributed Scheduling for Advance Bandwidth Reservation in High-Performance Networks

High-performance networks are capable of provisioning dedicated channels through circuit/lambda-switching or MPLS/GMPLS techniques to support large-scale data transfer. These dedicated links are typically shared by multiple users through advance resource reservations, resulting in varying bandwidth availability in future time periods. Most previous efforts were focused on centralized bandwidth scheduling to improve the utilization of network resources and meet the transport requirements of application users. These centralized scheduling schemes imply the use of a central control plane, posing significant reliability and scalability challenges as the network size rapidly grows. We propose distributed algorithms for path computation and bandwidth scheduling in response to four basic bandwidth reservation requests: (i) fixed bandwidth in a fixed slot, (ii) highest bandwidth in a fixed slot, (iii) first slot with fixed bandwidth and duration, and (iv) all slots with fixed bandwidth and duration. These algorithms are developed through a rigorous extension of the classical breadth first search and Bellman-Ford algorithms to a completely distributed manner, and their performances are evaluated and analyzed through extensive simulations.
An Empirical Comparison of Competing Factor Structures for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status: A Project FRONTIER Study

The original factor structure of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) has received little empirical support, but at least eight alternative factor structures have been identified in the literature. The current study used confirmatory factor analysis to compare the original RBANS model with eight alternatives, which were adjusted to include a general factor. Participant data were obtained from Project FRONTIER, an epidemiological study of rural health, and comprised 341 adults (229 women, 112 men) with mean age of 61.2 years (SD = 12.1) and mean education of 12.4 years (SD = 3.3). A bifactor version of the model proposed by Duff and colleagues provided the best fit to the data (CFI = 0.98; root-mean-squared error of approximation = 0.07), but required further modification to produce appropriate factor loadings. The results support the inclusion of a general factor and provide partial replication of the Duff and colleagues RBANS model.
The librarian stereotype: How librarians are damaging their image and profession

ABSTRACTEvery profession has a stereotype, and librarians are no stranger to this phenomenon. This article discusses the stereotype, how librarians have responded to its use in the public sphere, and reasons why the author sees the profession's reaction as problematic.
Effect of Indomethacin on Blood Pressure in the Normotensive Unanaesthetized Rabbit: Possible Relation to Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibition

1. To test the hypothesis that endogenous prostaglandins contribute to the regulation of blood pressure, we studied the effect of an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin, on mean aortic blood pressure in the normotensive, unanaesthetized rabbit. 2. Daily administration of indomethacin at 42 mumol/kg subcutaneously, but not of vehicle only, for 14 consecutive days, elevated the average mean arterial pressure in seven rabbits from 88 +/- 3 mmHg on the last day of the control period to 105 +/- 3 mmHg (P less than 0.01) and 107 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than 0.01) on days 6 and 14 of indomethacin treatment respectively, and reduced the urinary excretion of prostaglandin-like substance from 1.06 +/- 0.26 to 0.17 +/- 0.05 nmol of prostaglandin E2 equivalents/day (P less than 0.05; n = 5). Neither indomethacin nor the vehicle affected the intake of water, the 24 h urine volume, the cumulative difference between sodium intake and urinary sodium excretion, or the plasma volume. 3. The results of the study are compatible with the hypothesis that one or more prostaglandins contribute to maintain normotension in the rabbit and that reduction in prostaglandin biosynthesis may cuase blood pressure to rise.
Elaborating time in space: the structure and function of space–motion metaphors of time

This paper studies the principles according to which spatial and motion concepts metaphorically structure temporal concepts in some languages. There are two types of space–motion metaphor of time, distinguished by whether or not the metaphor is structured by a person’s perspective. “Christmas is approaching” and “We are approaching Christmas” are perspectival. “New Year’s follows Christmas” is not. This contrast in deixis and frame of reference is linguistically relevant whether the contrast has to do with imagination or external reality. Study of experiential motivations and analysis into primary metaphors helps reveal the particular ways spatial and motion concepts function in each type of metaphor. One focus is accounting for the contrasting temporal meanings that words for in-front and behind can have. For example, “Ahead of us” is later than Now, while “ahead of Christmas” is earlier than Christmas. We find that the temporal ‘directions’ expressed in the contrasting frames of reference are not opposites. Rather, they are motivated by different kinds of temporal experience. This project investigates the fundamental spatial relations that structure temporal concepts; for example co-location vs. separation. But since motion involves time, purely spatial structure is limited. Conceptual blending analysis reveals that the source and target frames of the perspectival metaphors share an aspectual – i.e., temporal – generic structure. Thus a dichotomy between ‘space’ and ‘time’ is of limited utility in describing space–motion metaphors of time. Instead, the analysis has to deal with the specific spatial and temporal concepts that function in each metaphor.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Will This Therapy Continue to Be as Efficacious in the Future?

Since its use in treating newborn respiratory failure was introduced more than 10 years ago, the efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been debatable. Current survival rates suggest that ECMO is effective at saving lives; however, the cost of doing so is controversial. The author presents a model using probability revision and follow-up studies that suggests that ECMO seems to be cost-effective.