cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aluminium-Transition Metal Thin-Film Reactions

A systematic study of Al/metal reactions has been performed. The thin-film interactions of Al with refractory metals (Ti, V, Ta, Cr, Mo, W and Co) and near-noble metals (Ni, Pd, and Pt) have been investigated. The initial aluminide phases to grow are the Al-rich phases: TiAl3, Val3, TaAl3, Cr2Al13, MoAl12, Wal12, Co2Al9, NiAl3, Pd2Al3, and Pt2Al3 at temperatures between 225 and 525°C. With the exceptions of Val3, Pd2Al3, and Pt2Al3. these are the most Al-rich phases on the phase diagrams. Marker experiments were performed and Al was the dominant diffusing species during the growth of these phases, TiAl3, Val3, Cr2Al3, MoAl12, Co2Al2, NiAl3, Pd2Al3, and Pt2AI3. Consistent with the faster Al diffusion, which provides a greater supply of Al to the growing interface, is the growth of the most Al-rich phase initially. For the exceptions to this rule, Val3, Pd2AI3, and Pt2 Al3, the complexity of the Al-rich V, Pd, and Pt end phases may have hindered nucleation, resulting in the growth of the observed phases. The subsequent phase formation was examined in the Ni-, Pd-, and Pt-Al systems. After initial phase formation consumed all the Al or metal, subsequent phases formed in accordance with the overall stoichiometry. The results of this study, along with a brief literature review, are presented and the generalized behavior of Al/transition metal reactions discussed.
Effects of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Administration on the Poly-Phosphoinositide Signaling Activity in Brain

Ethanol ingestion is known to exert diverse physiological effects on many body organs including the central nervous system (CNS). While excess acute ethanol intake can result in sedation, chronic ingestion is associated with development of tolerance and physical dependence and in turn, this may lead to the manifestation of withdrawal hyperexcitability. The biochemical mechanisms underlying the effects of ethanol are not well understood although alterations of many cell surface processes including membrane transport enzymes, receptors and ion channel activities have been implicated (see review by Deitrich et al., 1989). Some of these effects may be due partly to ethanol’s ability to disorder membrane lipids, resulting in an alteration of the intricate relationship between proteins and lipids within the membrane. However, it is clear that ethanol does not act globally on the membrane lipids, rather, changes are attributed to the effects of ethanol on specific types of lipids present in different membrane domains (Wood and Schroeder, 1988). In order to better understand the physiological manifestations related to acute and chronic ethanol ingestion, it is important first to identify the ethanol-sensitive biochemical mechanisms in brain and then followed by attempts to understand how adaptation to the changes is developed.
Looking for Muda

Using the terminology of lean management practices, this note addresses muda, or waste, by defining its subtypes and providing a framework for their identification in production and service processes. A form useful for conducting a muda audit is provided.
“I can’t breathe”: A case study—Helping Black men cope with race-related trauma stemming from police killing and brutality

ABSTRACTIt is impossible for individuals to survive without the ability to breathe. Eric Garner, an unarmed Black man, uttered “I can’t breathe” during an arrest by the police, who placed him a chokehold and caused his death (Goldstein & Schweber, 2014). Seeing this inhuman image on videotape pierced the consciousness of the nation. The grand jury failed to indict the police officer who killed Mr. Garner, and this sparked civil protests, which birthed the notion “Black Lives Matter” (Owens, 2015). Protestors chanted “I can’t breathe” to decry this injustice. This underscored literally and metaphorically how difficult it is for Black men to thrive in a hostile environment where their civil rights are denied. This article addresses the killings of unarmed Black men by the police, arguing that such killings are motivated by factors including how race, racism, and gender contribute to the “othering” of their humanity. Ideas from Critical Race Theory, the nexus among policing, criminality and racial profiling,...
Parallel Deep Neural Network Training for LVCSR Tasks using Blue Gene/Q

While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved tremendous success for LVCSR tasks, training these networks is slow. To date, the most common approach to train DNNs is via stochastic gradient descent (SGD), serially on a single GPU machine. Serial training, coupled with the large number of training parameters and speech data set sizes, makes DNN training very slow for LVCSR tasks. While 2nd order, data-parallel methods have also been explored, these methods are not always faster on CPU clusters due to the large communication cost between processors. In this work, we explore using a specialized hardware/software approach, utilizing a Blue Gene/Q (BG/Q) system, which has thousands of processors and excellent interprocessor communication. We explore using the 2nd order Hessian-free (HF) algorithm for DNN training with BG/Q, for both cross-entropy and sequence training of DNNs. Results on three LVCSR tasks indicate that using HF with BG/Q offers up to an 11x speedup, as well as an improved word error rate (WER), compared to SGD on a GPU.
ADSORPTION KINETICS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND RECENT PROGRESS

Over the past thirty years adsorption separation technology has developed from a relatively minor niche process to a major unit operation, with adsorption processes in widespread use in the petroleum and petrochemical industries and in the production of industrial gases as well as in more traditional applications such as air and water purification. The impact of improved understanding of the interplay between adsorption, micropore diffusion and reaction on the development of zeolite catalyzed processes has been even more dramatic. These developments have been stimulated by a dramatic increase in adsorption research which has led to major discoveries ranging from new microporous adsorbent materials to new theoretical approaches yielding improved understanding of adsorption and diffusion in porous solids. Since a comprehensive review is not possible in a single lecture this review has been restricted to a limited number of areas in which recent research has led to the development of new processes or to new concepts where future commercialization appears probable.
Disidentifications From the West(ern): An Autoethnography of Becoming an Other

In this article, I write my autoethnography of disidentifications from the West(ern) as I become an Other in the context of cross-national transitions from Japan to the United States. Specifically,...
Evaluation of a rapid slide test as a screening procedure for antistreptolysin O.

One hundred fifty-five serum specimens were tested for antistreptolysin O by the conventional method and by a commercially-available, rapid slide test based upon latex agglutination. All of 85 sera with ASO titers ranging from 250 to 2,500 gave positive slide tests, whereas among 70 sera with titers of 166 or less the test was negative in 49 (70%). It is concluded that a negative slide test is a reliable indication that the ASO titer is not significantly elevated. Positive slide tests must be checked by the standard procedure in order to obtain significant quantitative results.
Beyond the Canonical and the Apocryphal Books, the Presence of a Third Category: The Books Useful for the Soul

I like tennis—both to play and to watch it.1 Nothing is more pleasant than watching an exchange between Federer and Nadal. There is a similar kind of exchange that has been going on in this country in recent years. On one side, there are evangelical New Testament scholars; on the other, liberal scholars working on early Christianity. In the camp of the evangelicals, Ben Witherington,2 Craig A. Evans,3 and Darrell L. Bock4 are playing a defensive game, accusing the others of constituting a “new school,”5 one that prefers heresy over orthodoxy and promotes diversity where unity once was. In the camp of the critics, Elaine Pagels promotes the spirituality of the Gospel of Thomas; 6 Bart D. Ehrman's Lost Christianities flies in the face of his opponents;7 and Marvin Meyer considers the Gospel of Judas a valuable work that reveals in the mind of the dark apostle knowledge of the divine realm.8
Analysis on Path in Collaborative Construction of University Think Tank

University think tank is ushering in a new opportunity for development with the implementation of the "2011 Plan". Collaborative construction of university think tank should be the development direction of new think tank with Chinese characteristics. Currently,the problems of collaboration like university in the industry and out of the industry,university directly under the Ministry of Education and local university,university in developed area and developing area,university in domestic and foreign in university think tank construction. For this reason,we need to establish the platform of university think tank top system design,the platform of university internal governance,the platform of educational resource configuration,the platform of interdisciplinary development,the platform of international think tank exchange to promote Chinese university think tank collaborative construction great development.
Association between FokI-ff genotype of vitamin D receptor and tuberculosis susceptibility in Chinese population:a Meta-analysis

Objective To analyze the association between FokⅠ-ff genotype of vitamin D receptor and the tuberculosis susceptibility in the Chinese population by means of meta-analysis. Methods Mantel-Haenszel(MH) method was applied in the data analysis for the included 10 case-control studies by using Rev Man 5.5.1 software,and funnel plot was used to estimate the publication bias. Results The cumulative cases and controls were 2892 and 3355,respectively.The consoladition effect value RR was 1.74(95%CI:1.20-2.52).Significant publication bias was not found in the above literature. Conclusion FokⅠ-ff genotype of vitamin D receptor should be associated with susceptibility of tuberculosis among Chinese population.
Nursing of congenital choanal atresia under nasendoscopic surgery in children

Objective To sum up nursing experiences around operation of congenital choanal atresia with nasendoscop.Method Summarizing with the nursing experiences of 13 children with congenital choanal atresia in our department.In connection with the characteristics of children who are young and have poor coordination ability to analyze,how to prevent complications after surgery through effective nursing.Results In this group,12 patients recovered well after operation,without complications,one child re-operated because of the parents′ negligence which led to the catheter coming off.Conclusion Keep the diffuser unimpeded and fixed,and to prevent the diffuser′s displacement and prolapse caused by children′s own reasons,and that leads to the damage of nasal cavity and surrounding tissue,meanwhile,give children and their parents health education and discharge guidance,all of these are the important factors to ensure the operation success.
Some covert effects of communication difficulties in a psychiatric hospital.

(1954). III. Some Covert Effects of Communication Difficulties in a Psychiatric Hospital. Psychiatry: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 27-40.
BugMD: automatic mismatch diagnosis for bug triaging

System-level validation is the most challenging phase of design verification. A common methodology in this context entails simulating the design under validation in lockstep with a high-level golden model, while comparing the architectural state of the two models at regular intervals. However, if a bug is detected, the diagnosis of the problem with this framework is extremely time and resource consuming. To address this challenge, we propose a novel bug triaging solution that collects multiple architectural-level mismatches and employs a classifier to pinpoint buggy design units. We also design and implement an automated synthetic bug injection framework that enables us to generate large datasets for training our classifier models. Experimental results show that our solution is able to correctly identify the source of a bug over 70% of the time in an out-of-order processor model. Furthermore, our solution can identify the top 3 most likely units with over 90% accuracy.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Experiences of Discrimination in Accessing Social Services Among Transgender/Gender-Nonconforming People

ABSTRACTMembers of the transgender/gender-nonconforming (GNC) community experience higher rates of discrimination based on their gender compared to their cisgender counterparts. Similarly, people of color experience higher rates of discrimination than White people. This study examines the difference in experiences of discrimination among transgender/GNC individuals in accessing social services providers by race/ethnicity (White and people of color). The data collected in a national cross-sectional survey (N = 6,451) and analyzed via chi-square test of independence and binary logistic regression demonstrate the disproportionate prevalence of discrimination based on race/ethnicity within the transgender/GNC population when accessing social services such as drug treatment centers, mental health clinics, domestic violence shelters, and rape crisis centers. Social workers are the most common provider of social services to the community, and have an ethical commitment to provision of services without discrimina...
Size distortions of tests of the null hypothesis of stationarity: Evidence and implications for the PPP debate

Abstract Tests of the null hypothesis of stationarity against the unit root alternative play an increasingly important role in empirical work in macroeconomics and in international finance. We show that the use of conventional asymptotic critical values for stationarity tests may cause extreme size distortions, if the model under the null hypothesis is highly persistent. This fact calls into question the use of these tests in empirical work. We illustrate the practical importance of this point for tests of long-run purchasing power parity (PPP) under the recent float. We show that the common practice of viewing tests of stationarity as complementary to tests of the unit root null will tend to result in contradictions and in spurious rejections of long-run PPP. While the size distortions may be overcome by the use of finite-sample critical values, the resulting tests tend to have low power under economically plausible assumptions about the half-life of deviations from PPP. Thus, the fact that stationarity is not rejected cannot be interpreted as convincing evidence in favor of mean reversion. Only in the rare case that stationarity is rejected, do size-corrected tests shed light on the question of long-run PPP.
Antivirulence Properties of Probiotics in Combating Microbial Pathogenesis

Abstract Probiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Ample evidence is documented to support the potential application of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of infections. Health benefits of probiotics include prevention of diarrhea, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea, atopic eczema, dental carries, colorectal cancers, and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The cumulative body of scientific evidence that demonstrates the beneficial effects of probiotics on health and disease prevention has made probiotics increasingly important as a part of human nutrition and led to a surge in the demand for probiotics in clinical applications and as functional foods. The ability of probiotics to promote health is attributed to the various beneficial effects exerted by these microorganisms on the host. These include lactose metabolism and food digestion, production of antimicrobial peptides and control of enteric infections, anticarcinogenic properties, immunologic enhancement, enhancement of short-chain fatty acid production, antiatherogenic and cholesterol-lowering attributes, regulatory role in allergy, protection against vaginal or urinary tract infections, increased nutritional value, maintenance of epithelial integrity and barrier, stimulation of repair mechanism in cells, and maintenance and reestablishment of well-balanced indigenous intestinal and respiratory microbial communities. Most of these attributes primarily focus on the effect of probiotic supplementation on the host. Hence, in most cases, it can be concluded that the ability of a probiotic to protect the host from infection is an indirect result of promoting overall health and well-being. However, probiotics also exert a direct effect on invading microorganisms. The direct modes of action resulting in the elimination of pathogens include inhibition of pathogen replication by producing antimicrobial substances like bacteriocins, competition for limiting resources in the host, antitoxin effect, inhibition of virulence, antiadhesive and antiinvasive effects, and competitive exclusion by competition for binding sites or stimulation of epithelial barrier function. Although much has been documented about the ability of probiotics to promote host health, there is limited discussion on the above mentioned effects of probiotics on pathogens. Being in an era of antibiotic resistance, a better understanding of this complex probiotic–pathogen interaction is critical for development of effective strategies to control infections. Therefore, this chapter will focus on the ability of probiotics to directly modulate the infectious nature of pathogens and the underlying mechanisms that mediate these effects.
Update on Effectiveness of an Electromagnetic Feeding Tube-Placement Device in Detecting Respiratory Placements.

Background Radiography is the accepted gold standard for testing feeding tube placement; however, an electromagnetic tube-placement device (ETPD) is sometimes used in lieu of radiography for this purpose. High success rates have been reported when the device was used by well-trained individuals. However, authors previously described 20 cases that occurred between 2007 and 2012 in which clinicians voluntarily reported inability to detect inadvertent tube insertions in the respiratory tract while using an ETPD. Objective To describe case reports to the US Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database between 2013 and 2015 regarding inadvertent respiratory placement of feeding tubes by operators using an ETPD. Methods The MAUDE database was searched for cases dated from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2015, along with selected brand names. A total of 34 cases (25 after removal of duplicates) were located in which a feeding tube was inserted into the respiratory tract during insertions assisted by an ETPD. Results Sites of the malpositioned tubes included the right lung (n = 13), left lung (n = 6), unspecified lung (n = 4), and bronchus (n = 2). A pneumothorax occurred in 17 of the 25 misplacements; feedings were administered in 6 cases. Conclusions Many case reports involved clinicians failing to recognize tube misplacements in the respiratory tract while using an ETPD. These reports provide evidence that not all clinicians can use the device effectively to detect malpositioned tubes. Thus, one must continue to question the wisdom of eliminating radiographic confirmation of tube position before starting feedings.
SECONDARY BATTERIES – LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE SYSTEMS | Hazards and Protection Circuits

At increasing energies butteries must be treated as a potential fire and explosion hazard. In addition, battery cells might be damaged and the battery can become nonoperational under certain external inputs. Therefore, the design of a battery pack needs to include protection electronics, which will prevent battery pack from being exposed to any hazardous conditions. This article describes these conditions for different types of batteries and indicates which protection electronics is typically used. Examples of commercially available protection integrated circuits are included.
Obesity: Nature or Nurture?

The debate about the causes of the current obesity epidemic rages on. The issue of “Whose fault is it?” frequently devolves into a related question: “Is it ‘nature’ (i.e., inherent in our genes and biochemistry before birth, and therefore out of our control) or ‘nurture’ (i.e., behaviors learned after birth and within our control to change)?” This chapter explores the phenomena and evidence which support and refute both sides of this argument. A conceptual framework is offered, whereby two of the biochemical mediators of obesity (hyperinsulinemia and glucocorticoids) can be applied throughout the life cycle. In this formulation, the question of “nature” versus “nurture” becomes merely a manifestation of the timing of the query. The results of such a rethinking of the nature–nurture argument argue for adding an “environmental safety” approach to the current “personal responsibility” approach, in order to more effectively combat the obesity epidemic.
On the tree cover number and the positive semidefinite maximum nullity of a graph

For a simple graph $G=(V,E),$ let $\mathcal{S}_+(G)$ denote the set of real positive semidefinite matrices $A=(a_{ij})$ such that $a_{ij}\neq 0$ if $\{i,j\}\in E$ and $a_{ij}=0$ if $\{i,j\}\notin E$. The maximum positive semidefinite nullity of $G$, denoted $\operatorname{M}_+(G),$ is $\max\{\operatorname{null}(A)|A\in \mathcal{S}_+(G)\}.$ A tree cover of $G$ is a collection of vertex-disjoint simple trees occurring as induced subgraphs of $G$ that cover all the vertices of $G$. The tree cover number of $G$, denoted $T(G)$, is the cardinality of a minimum tree cover. It is known that the tree cover number of a graph and the maximum positive semidefinite nullity of a graph are equal for outerplanar graphs, and it was conjectured in 2011 that $T(G)\leq M_+(G)$ for all graphs [Barioli et al., Minimum semidefinite rank of outerplanar graphs and the tree cover number, $ Elec. J. Lin. Alg.,$ 2011]. We show that the conjecture is true for certain graph families. Furthermore, we prove bounds on $T(G)$ to show that if $G$ is a connected outerplanar graph on $n\geq 2$ vertices, then $\operatorname{M}_+(G)=T(G)\leq \left\lceil\frac{n}{2}\right\rceil$, and if $G$ is a connected outerplanar graph on $n\geq 6$ vertices with no three or four cycle, then $\operatorname{M}_+(G)=T(G)\leq \frac{n}{3}$. We also characterize connected outerplanar graphs with $\operatorname{M}_+(G)=T(G)=\left\lceil\frac{n}{2}\right\rceil.$
Automated Proof Systems Completeness of Classical Propositional Logic

Hilbert style systems are easy to define and admit different proofs of the Completeness Theorem but they are difficult to use. By humans, not mentioning computers. Their emphasis is on logical axioms, keeping the rules of inference, with obligatory Modus Ponens, at a minimum.
Age moderates the relationship between cortical thickness and cognitive performance

Abstract Findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies indicate that cortical thickness declines across the adult lifespan, with regional differences in rate of decline. Global and regional thickness have also been found to co-vary with cognitive performance. Here we examined the relationships between age, mean cortical thickness, and associative recognition performance across three age groups (younger, middle-aged and older adults; total n = 133). Measures of cortical thickness were obtained using a semi-automated method. Older age was associated with decreased memory performance and a reduction in mean cortical thickness. After controlling for the potentially confounding effects of head motion, mean cortical thickness was negatively associated with associative memory performance in the younger participants, but was positively correlated with performance in older participants. A similar but weaker pattern was evident in the relationships between cortical thickness and scores on four cognitive constructs derived from a neuropsychological test battery. This pattern is consistent with prior findings indicating that the direction of the association between cortical thickness and cognitive performance reverses between early and later adulthood. In addition, head motion was independently and negatively correlated with associative recognition performance in younger and middle-aged, but not older, participants, suggesting that variance in head motion is determined by multiple factors that vary in their relative influences with age.
Mapping Violent Presence of Armed Actors in Colombia

Abstract. Heat maps and Early Warning Systems have traditionally contributed to identifying and managing risks associated with crime trends, health hazards, and natural disasters. However, their application to analyzing civil war dynamics still is at an early stage. To address this need, this research integrates Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to generate an interactive map of the violent presence of armed actors in the Colombian civil war between 1988 and 2017. The NLP component generates fine-grained geo-location data of armed actors' violent presence. The GIS component then uses the geo-referenced data to present dynamic clusters of four main types of actors: Government forces, Insurgent organizations, Paramilitary groups, and Criminal organizations. Each type of actors is further disaggregated into a multitude of specific armed organizations. Based on anomalies in the spatio-temporal trends identified in the data, we develop an EWS methodology to detect “emerging”, “intense”, and “critical” cases. This application contributes to the efforts of the academic and policy communities to understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of political violence and promoting sustainable peace in civil war settings.
Leaving Paper Behind: Improving Healthcare Navigation by Latino Immigrant Parents Through Video-Based Education

System barriers to effective healthcare engagement and navigation contribute to healthcare disparities among Latino children with immigrant parents in the US. We evaluated a nine-minute educational video supporting healthcare navigation and engagement skills of Spanish-speaking Latino parents of infants. Participants viewed the video at their child’s 2-month well-visit, completed a pre-and post-video knowledge evaluation, and answered open-ended questions on video style. A paired t test was used to examine differences in knowledge and open-ended responses were coded using an iterative, consensus-based process. Of the 79 participants, 63.3% had an education level below high school diploma/GED and 84.8% were at risk for limited health literacy. There was a significant gain in healthcare navigation and engagement knowledge after watching the video (p < 0.001). Parents expressed that the video was interesting and provided useful information. Parents valued the knowledge gained and preferred videos over written materials for receiving culturally and linguistically tailored health education.
Elmer FEM-Dakota: A unified open-source computational framework for electromagnetics and data analytics

Open-source electromagnetic design software, Elmer FEM, was interfaced with data analytics toolkit, Dakota. Furthermore, the coupled software was validated against a benchmark test. The interface developed provides a unified open-source computational framework for electromagnetics and data analytics. Its key features include uncertainty quantification, surrogate modelling and parameter studies. This framework enables a richer understanding of model predictions to better design electric machines in a time sensitive manner.
Nanoparticle Tracking to Probe Transport in Porous Media.

ConspectusFrom the granular and fractured subsurface environment to highly engineered polymer membranes used in pharmaceutical purification, porous materials are ubiquitous in nature and industrial applications. In particular, porous media are used extensively in processes including water treatment, pharmaceutical sterilization, food/beverage processing, and heterogeneous catalysis, where hindered mass transport is either essential to the process or a necessary but undesirable limitation. Unfortunately, there are currently no universal models capable of predicting mass transport based on a description of the porous material because real porous materials are complex and because many coupled dynamic mechanisms (e.g., adsorption, steric effects, hydrodynamic effects, electrostatic interactions, etc.) give rise to the observed macroscopic transport phenomena.While classical techniques, like nuclear magnetic resonance and dynamic light scattering, provide useful information about mass transport in porous media at the ensemble level, they provide limited insight into the microscopic mechanisms that give rise to complex phenomena such as anomalous diffusion, hindered pore-space accessibility, and unexpected retention under flow, among many others. To address this issue, we have developed refractive index matching imaging systems, combined with single-particle tracking methods, allowing the direct visualization of single-particle motion within a variety of porous materials.In this Account, we summarize our recent efforts to advance the understanding of nanoparticle transport in porous media using single-particle tracking methods in both fundamental and applied scenarios. First, we describe the basic principles for two-dimensional and three-dimensional single-particle tracking in porous materials. Then, we provide concrete examples of nanoparticle transport in porous materials from two perspectives: (1) understanding fundamental elementary particle transport processes in porous media, including pore accessibility and cavity escape, which limit transport in porous media, and (2) facilitating applications in industrial processes, e.g., by understanding the mechanisms of particle fouling and remobilization in filtration membranes. Finally, we provide an outlook of opportunities associated with investigating other types of mass transport in confined environments using single-particle tracking methods, including electrophoretic and self-propelled motion.
Compressed Sensing Imaging via Beam Scanning

We propose a new imaging scheme of compressed sensing by scanning an illumination pattern on the object. Comparing with conventional single-pixel cameras, we expect a >50× increase in imaging speed with similar imaging quality.
BaryoGEN, a Monte Carlo generator for sphaleron-like transitions in proton-proton collisions

Sphaleron and instanton solutions of the Standard Model provide violation of baryon and lepton numbers and could lead to spectacular events at the LHC or future colliders. Certain models of new physics can also lead to sphaleron-like vacuum transitions. This nonperturbative physics could be relevant to the generation of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe. We have developed BaryoGEN, an event generator that facilitates the exploration of sphaleron-like transitions in proton-proton collisions with minimal assumptions. BaryoGEN outputs standard Les Houches Event files that can be processed by PYTHIA, and the code is publicly available. We also discuss various approaches to experimental searches for such transitions in proton-proton collisions.
Micro-Dosing of Indocyanine Green for Intraoperative Fluorescence Cholangiography.

Background Surgery involving the biliary tree is common but has the potential for serious complications. Adjuncts such as intraoperative cholangiogram and, more recently, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence cholangiography, have been used to more accurately define the relevant anatomy and decrease the risk of common bile duct injury. The optimal ICG dose is unknown, but the most commonly cited dose in the literature is 2.5 mg. We describe our experience using micro-dosing of ICG as proof-of-concept for its successful use in the identification of biliary structures. Methods A video library from a variety of hepatobiliary surgeries which included micro-dosing of ICG was compiled between 2018 and 2020. These videos were retrospectively reviewed and graded for the degree of visualization of biliary structures (complete, partial, none) and the degree of background liver fluorescence (significant, moderate, minimal). Results Overall, 40 videos were reviewed; 70% were minimally invasive cholecystectomies. Micro-dosing was used in all patients; complete visualization was achieved in 52.5% of the patients, partial visualization in 40%, and no visualization in 7.6%. Eighty percent of patients had minimal to moderate background fluorescence. Despite ICG micro-dosing, 20% of the patients still had significant liver dye uptake. Conclusion ICG cholangiography is an alternative to more invasive means of intraoperative imaging during biliary surgery, but the optimal dose of ICG is unknown. We have used a 0.05 mg micro-dose of ICG to successfully visualize biliary structures and reduce background liver fluorescence. This preliminary report can be used to develop further studies into whether micro-dosing of ICG is associated with improved clinical outcomes.
Global Information for Multidimensional Tests

New measures of test information, termed global information, quantify test information relative to the entire range of the trait being assessed. Estimating global information relative to a non-info...
An Unusual Presentation of Cholesterol Embolization Syndrome.

Cholesterol embolization syndrome (CES) is a rare presentation of systemic atherosclerosis, which commonly presents in patients with risk factors of coronary artery disease and usually occurs after cardiac or vascular procedures. Laboratory tests are nonspecific, and imaging studies may visualize the plaque. Management includes supportive care directed to relieve the end-organ damage. The prognosis of CES is poor, with high mortality of up to 29% if the CES resulted in atheroembolic renal disease (AERD). In our report, we present a 90-year-old Caucasian female who was diagnosed with CES and complicated with AERD. The patient did not undergo any cardiac or vascular procedures. This case highlights the importance of considering CES and AERD as a potential cause of renal failure, especially in high-risk patients, even if the patients did not have any history of cardiac or vascular intervention.
Microsurgery: Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis for the Treatment of Lymphedema

Recent advancements in microsurgery and supermicrosurgery have made lymphedema a surgically manageable condition. Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is an established supermicrosurgical treatment of lymphedema. LVA is minimally invasive and conceptually simple: lymphatic vessels are anastomosed directly into superficial veins, allowing lymphatic outflow to drain into veins and thus bypass obstructed lymphatic drainage pathways. However, LVA is not widely practiced due to perceived technical complexity, lack of technique standardization, and some reports of inconsistent outcomes. However, many surgical groups, including ours, have reported reliably favorable outcomes with LVA. We believe the inconsistency in some reported outcomes is likely related to variability in patient selection, surgical plan and technique, and postoperative care. In this chapter, the senior author (WFC) shares his experience with LVA, reviewing patient selection, surgical planning, surgical technique, advanced technical pearls, and postoperative care. After reading this chapter, the readers should have sufficient clinical and technical knowledge to begin performing LVA and achieving favorable outcomes.
Mr. Clue - A Virtual Agent that can Play Word-Guessing Games

This demonstration showcases a virtual agent, Mr. Clue, capable of acting in the role of clue-giver in a word-guessing game. The agent has the ability to automatically generate clues and update its dialogue policy dynamically based on user input.
Oxygen permeation in cubic SrMnO3-δ

Fabrication of a dense membrane of the cubic perovskite SrMnO 3-δ has been achieved with the aid of chelated precursors and firing/cooling in an Ar atmosphere. The as-prepared SrMnO 2.66 orthorhombic perovskite converts in air near 300 °C to a cubic SrMnO 2.97 that loses oxygen in the range 700 1 in the oxygen-stoichiometric cubic phase. At about 950 °C in air, the cubic phase is transformed to the stable 4L-hexagonal polytype on heating at 2 °C min -1 . Oxygen can be inserted/extracted reversibly on thermal cycling in air in the range 700 < T < 900°C; but when held at 830 °C in air, a progressive transformation to the stable 4L-hexagonal polytype occurs. Consequently, an initial oxygen-permeation flux of 5.8 x 10 -8 mol cm -2 s -1 at 830 °C decreases to a low value with time due to transformation to the 4L-hexagonal polytype with air as the oxygen feeding gas.
Mechademia Vol. 6: User enhanced, edited by Frenchy Lunning

Review of Frenchy Lunning, ed., Mechademia Vol. 6: User enhanced. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011, paperback, $24.95 (319p) ISBN 978-0-8166-7734-4.
Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC‐2)

Keywords: BASC; behavior assessment; Behavior Assessment System for Children – Second Edition; child assessment; mental health screening; adolescence; assessment; children
Seven Decades of Long Term Abnormal Return Persistence: The Case of Dividend Initiations and Resumptions

We analyze the one- to five-year post-announcement stock performance of firms that either initiate cash dividends or resume the payment of cash dividends after a hiatus in payments. Both the event-window and long-run abnormal stock returns are significantly positive, suggesting that the market initially underreacts to the typical firm's dividend announcement. This result also holds for subsets of the 1927 to 1998 time period, suggesting that the observed anomaly is persistent across time and is neither merely a result of data mining nor driven by an ephemeral phenomenon that is confined to a particular time period. Firms that have positive abnormal returns during the announcement period are shown to have the highest post-announcement abnormal returns. A naive investment strategy of establishing long and short positions on firms that experience positive and negative announcement period abnormal returns, respectively, produces persistent positive abnormal returns across the entire 1927-1998 sample period.
Hadoop as Big Data Operating System -- The Emerging Approach for Managing Challenges of Enterprise Big Data Platform

Over last few years, innovation in Hadoop and other related Big Data technologies in last few years brings on to the table a lot of promises around better management of enterprise data at much lesser cost and with high value business benefits. In this paper, we propose to delve into details of these challenges from practitioners' perspective based on lessons learnt from various Big Data implementation scenarios. We also aim to discuss the emerging concept of Hadoop as Big Data Operating System to address these challenges with a holistic proposition. Finally, we also plan to provide a prescriptive approach based on best practices which can help moving towards the vision of Enterprise Big Data Platform using Hadoop as Data Operating System balancing between short term objectives and long term goals of managing and maintaining Enterprise Big Data Platform.
Food deprivation effects on the predatory behavior of southern grasshopper mice onychomys torridus

The southern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys torridus) is a predatory and aggressive rodent native to the semi-arid scrub deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Its natural diet consists primarily of arthropods and small vertebrates. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of food deprivation on the predatory behavior of adult male and female grasshopper mice to crickets (Acheta domesticus) and laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Subjects that were food-deprived for 48 hours spent more time eating dead but not living crickets than did controls that were provided free access to laboratory chow. There were no sex differences in the predatory behavior of grasshopper mice to living or dead crickets. Food deprivation also influenced the predatory behavior of grasshopper mice toward laboratory mice. With laboratory chow available ad lib, 6 of 43 (14%) male and 22 of 45 (49%) female grasshopper mice killed and ate laboratory mice within 48 hours of pairing. When deprived of food for 48 hours, 16 of 36 (44%) males and 15 of 19 (79%) females that did not kill in the previous experiment killed and ate laboratory mice. We concluded that food deprivation and type of prey are two variables which influence the frequency and intensity of predatory behaviors of grasshopper mice.
Studies on Cytochrome b562 of Escherichia coli I. PURIFICATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF CYTOCHROME b562

Abstract Cytochrome b562 (Escherichia coli) was obtained from E. coli B cells by sonic oscillation of the cell paste or by extraction of acetone-dried cell powders. The purification of cytochrome b562 was carried out with calcium phosphate gel-cellulose and diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography. Crystallization of the hemoprotein was accomplished in 70 to 80% saturated ammonium sulfate. The oxidized form of cytochrome b562 crystallizes as needles. The reduced form crystallizes in a hexagonal form. The heme prosthetic group of cytochrome b562 is iron-protoporphyrin IX. Cytochrome b562 has absorption bands at 562, 531.5, 427, and 324 mµ in the reduced form and 418 and 363 mµ in the oxidized form. Only a weak shoulder was observed in the 280 mµ region. The ratio of ϵ562 (reduced): ϵ280 (oxidized) is 1.5. The α-band shifts from 562 to 558 mµ at liquid nitrogen temperature and does not split. The apoprotein has an absorption peak at 277 mµ and combines with protohemin to reconstitute the original cytochrome. The oxidation-reduction potential (E'0) of cytochrome b562 is 113 mv. The sedimentation constant (s20,w) of cytochrome b562 is 1.64 S. The diffusion coefficient (D) of cytochrome b562 is 11.9 x 10-7 cm2 sec-1. The minimal molecular weight of cytochrome b562 based on an analysis of the ratio of heme to dry weight is 12,000. The molecular weight of cytochrome b562 based on hydrodynamic measurements is 11,700 to 12,700. The molecular weight of cytochrome b562 based on the summation of heme plus amino acid residues is 11,954. The amino acid composition of cytochrome b562 is Lys11, His2, Arg4, Asp16, Thr6, Ser3, Glu14, Pro5, Gly4, Ala15, Val5, Met2, Ile3, Leu9, Tyr2, Phe2, and ammonia11. Cytochrome b562 does not contain cysteine, cystine, or tryptophan residues.
Science Studies: Beyond the War Zone

Ecologies of Knowledge: Work and Politics in Science and Technology. Susan Leigh Star. ed. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. 421 pp. Beyond the Natural Body: An Archeology of Sex Hormones. Nelly Oudshoorn. London: Routledge, 1994. 195 pp. Science and Technology in. Multicultural World: The Cultural Politics of Facts and Artifacts. David J. Hess. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995. 306 pp.
Mid‐ocean microseisms

[1] The Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O) is an excellent site for studying the source regions and propagation of microseisms since it is located far from shorelines and shallow water. During Leg 200 of the Ocean Drilling Program, the officers of the JOIDES Resolution took wind and wave measurements for comparison with double-frequency (DF) microseism data collected at nearby H2O. The DF microseism band can be divided into short-period and long-period bands, SPDF and LPDF, respectively. Comparison of the ship's weather log with the seismic data in the SPDF band from about 0.20 to 0.45 Hz shows a strong correlation of seismic amplitude with wind speed and direction, implying that the energy reaching the ocean floor is generated locally by ocean gravity waves. Nearshore land seismic stations see similar SPDF spectra, also generated locally by wind seas. At H2O, SPDF microseism amplitudes lag sustained changes in wind speed and direction by several hours, with the lag increasing with wave period. This lag may be associated with the time necessary for the development of opposing seas for DF microseism generation. Correlation of swell height above H2O with the LPDF band from 0.085 to 0.20 Hz is often poor, implying that a significant portion of this energy originates at distant locations. Correlation of the H2O seismic data with NOAA buoy data, with hindcast wave height data from the North Pacific, and with seismic data from mainland and island stations, defines likely source areas of the LPDF signals. Most of the LPDF energy at H2O appears to be generated by high-amplitude storm waves impacting long stretches of coastline nearly simultaneously, and the Hawaiian Islands appear to be a significant source of LPDF energy in the North Pacific when waves arrive from particular directions. The highest levels observed at mid-ocean site H2O occur in the SPDF band when two coincident nearby storm systems develop. Deep water, mid-ocean-generated DF microseisms are not observed at continental sites, indicating high attenuation of these signals. At near-coastal seismic stations, both SPDF and LPDF microseism levels are generally dominated by local generation at nearby shorelines.
Comparison of the slope parameters in errors-in-variables model

We consider the errors-in-variables model . We derive the likelihood ratio test for testing H 0 : a 1 = a 2 under functional model, when Ui's are fixed and unknown. It is shown that the asymptotic distribution of the likelihood ratio test is a scalar multiple of a chi-square distribution. The similar result is obtained under structural model, when are distributed with some unknown arbitrary distribution. We also derive a small sample test statistics for testing H 0 : a 1 = a 2 using a linearizing technique.
Clausal intuitionistic logic II. Tableau proof procedures

Abstract Clausal intuitionistic logic is an extension of Horn-clause logic which permits the appearance of negations and embedded implications on the right-hand side of a rule, and interprets these new rules intuitionistically in a set of partial models. In this article the second of a pair, clausal intuitionistic logic, is shown to have a tableau proof procedure that generalizes Horn-clause refutation proofs. The proof procedures are explained by means of several detailed examples. Soundness and completeness theorems are stated and proven in full detail.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are transiently expressed in the developing spinal cord ventral horn.

Abstract Quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to map the distribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the developing rat spinal cord. Three different specific ligands, which label partially overlapping subpopulations of NMDA receptors, were used: an agonist (L-[3H]glutamate), a noncompetitive antagonist ([3H]MK-801), and a competitive antagonist ([3H]CGP-39653). In the adult, NMDA receptors labeled with all three ligands are restricted to the substantia gelatinosa in the spinal dorsal horn. In marked distinction, at postnatal day 7 NMDA receptors labeled with L-[3H]glutamate and [3H]MK-801 are present throughout the spinal gray matter. NMDA receptors in the neonatal spinal ventral horn have a higher affinity for L-[3H]glutamate than those in the adult substantia gelatinosa. Over the second and third postnatal weeks, NMDA receptors are lost from all areas of the spinal gray matter except for the substantia gelatinosa. Neonatal NMDA receptors identified with [3H]CGP-39653 are restricted to the substantia gelatinosa. These results show that the immature ventral horn contains a subpopulation of NMDA receptors and raise the possibility that motor neurons transiently express NMDA receptors in early postnatal life. Ventral horn NMDA receptors may be a component of the mechanisms by which the mature phenotype of motor neurons is acquired through activity-dependent processes. The loss of NMDA receptors over the course of development may play a role in limiting the period of motor neuron plasticity.