cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A regional academic partnership for the early identification and retention of at-risk nursing students.

In a 2006 Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board report (Increasing RN Graduates in Texas: A Report to the 79th Legislature), nursing programs in Texas were challenged to increase the number of graduates to deal with the nursing shortage. This article describes the East Texas region's efforts to identify and intervene in the nursing student attrition rates of participating partners nursing programs. The primary purpose of this study was to identify and intervene with students at risk for attrition. Nine nursing programs participated in the study. Methods Online surveys were used to assess variables associated with attrition. Online interventions and an intensive test review protocol were used as intervention methods. Results Across the nine nursing programs, 898 students participated in the study. Regression and categorical data analysis revealed that lack of reading comprehension was the best predictor of a student being off track or out of a nursing program ( P P = .0271) and a student's grades in anatomy and physiology ( P = .005). Grant intervention protocols were effective in reducing the attrition rate ( P = .0002) between students who participated during the grant period and those prior to implementation of the grant.
Discordance between patient self-reported visual analog scale pain scores and observed pain-related behavior in older children after surgery

Abstract Study Objective: To assess the correlation in an older pediatric population between patient self-reported visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and observational pain-related behavior scores. Design: Prospective, comparative study. Setting: Inpatient surgical units of a free-standing children's hospital. Patients: 30 ASA physical status I and II outpatients, 8 to 16 years of age, undergoing a variety of orthopedic, plastic, urologic, and general surgical procedures. Interventions: Each patient underwent a single assessment of pain intensity on the first postoperative day. Measurements and Main Results: Three health care providers (a clinical nurse specialist, a registered nurse with extensive pediatric experience, and a child life specialist) simultaneously generated an independent pain-related behavioral score (range of 0=no pain to 100=worst pain possible) based on their subjective perceptions of the patient's observed facial expression, activity level, and breathing pattern. The patient was then asked to provide a self-reported VAS pain score (range of 0="no pain" with a smiling face, to 100="worst pain ever" with a frowning face). A single set of such concurrent pain scores was obtained once from each study patient. The pain-related behavior scores displayed a satisfactory interrater reliability, with an observed interclass correlation coefficient (Cohen's kappa value) of 0.83. When compared with a patient's self-reported VAS score, the three pain-related behavioral scores generated by each health care provider for a given patient exhibited both variable and minimal correlation. Conclusions: A tenuous relationship may exist between an older child's own perception of pain intensity and his or her behavioral expression of that pain as interpreted by a health care provider.
Sabotaging cost containment

We show that sabotage may be particularly profitable for a vertically-integrated provider (VIP) when its downstream rival can devote effort to reducing its operating costs. Demand-reducing sabotage limits the return the rival anticipates from its cost management activities, and thereby inhibits those activities. The resulting higher costs for the rival increase the VIP’s profit in settings where sabotage would not be profitable if the rival could not manage its operating costs. To limit sabotage by the VIP, the rival may find it profitable to intentionally diminish its ability to reduce its production costs. The diminished ability can produce Pareto gains.
Mercury bioaccumulation in estuarine wetland fishes: evaluating habitats and risk to coastal wildlife.

Abstract Estuaries are globally important areas for methylmercury bioaccumulation because of high methylmercury production rates and use by fish and wildlife. We measured total mercury (THg) concentrations in ten fish species from 32 wetland and open bay sites in San Francisco Bay Estuary (2005–2008). Fish THg concentrations (μg/g dry weight ± standard error) differed by up to 7.4× among estuary habitats. Concentrations were lowest in open bay (0.17 ± 0.02) and tidal wetlands (0.42 ± 0.02), and highest in managed seasonal saline wetlands (1.27 ± 0.05) and decommissioned high salinity salt ponds (1.14 ± 0.07). Mercury also differed among fishes, with Mississippi silversides (0.87 ± 0.03) having the highest and longjaw mudsuckers (0.37 ± 0.01) the lowest concentrations. Overall, 26% and 12% of fish exceeded toxicity benchmarks for fish (0.20 μg/g wet weight) and piscivorous bird (0.30 μg/g wet weight) health, respectively. Our results suggest that despite managed wetlands' limited abundance within estuaries, they may be disproportionately important habitats of Hg risk to coastal wildlife.
Panel Flutter Model Identification Using the Minimum Model Error Method on the Forced Response Measurements

This work illustrates application of the minimum model error system identification method to obtain the nonlinear state space models of a fluttering panel. Identification using position and velocity data from forced response of the panel is presented here. The response was numerically simulated using two different discretization approaches: through finite differences and using the Galerkin's method. Data from two different parts of response time history were considered. First, data where transients due to initial conditions and the forcing were present were used for identification. Then, data when only transients due to forcing were present were used for identification. The models obtained using the forced response of the panel were able to capture the behavior of the true system relatively accurately. Identification of models of different sizes is also discussed. Reduced size models can be successfully created from the forced response data using the minimum model error method. It is demonstrated that the number of degrees of freedom in the model attempted to be identified should be consistent with the number modes observed in the measurements. The response surface method was successfully applied to generate models for various flow regimes.
Dynamic mechanical properties and creep of poly-2-ethyl butyl methacrylate

Abstract The real (J′) and imaginary (J″) components of the complex compliance have been measured between 0.05 and 3600 cycles/sec. in the temperature range from 20° to 151 °C. for a fractionated poly-2-ethyl butyl methacyrlate with molecular weight 2.20 × 106. The creep compliance, J(t), and creep recovery were measured from 101° to 151°. The glass transition temperature was determined to be 11°C. The method of reduced variables gave superposed curves in the transition zone with shift factors following the WLF form of equation; the WLF parameters were fg = 0.021, αf = 1.8 × 10−4 deg.−1. In the plateau zone (including the creep) an additional f-reduction for temperature dependence of entanglement was necessary, with ΔH = 4.4 kcal. The retardation and relaxation spectra were calculated; the latter is almost identical in shape throughout with that of the n-butyl polymer. The logarithm of the monomeric friction coefficient is −3.69 at 100°C. and 4.79 at Tg. The average degree of polymerization between the entanglement coupling points is calculated to be 83, 115, and 178, respectively, from the plateau in the spectra, from the height of the maximum in J″, and from the position of the latter on the frequency scale. In general, the viscoelastic behavior of the 2-ethyl butyl polymer resembles that of the n-butyl much more closely than that of the n-hexyl which has the same side chain molecular weight.
Detection limit for gold by radioisotopic X-ray analysis

Abstract The use of a Ge(Li-drifted) semiconductor detector and gamma-rayex citation with radio-isotopic sources provides an X-ray analytical method that is advantageous for the determination of high-Z elements in ores. The 122-keV gamma radiation of 57Co was found to be an optimum energy for exciting gold K-radiation. The detection limit for gold was determined to be 30–40 ppm using both synthetic standards and analyzed gold ores. With a source strength of 60 mCi, a 21-ppm detection limit is obtainable in 3-min counting times. The sensitivity of the radioisotopic X-ray method for several other high-Z elements was also determined. Using 57Co for excitation, the detection limits for tungsten, lead, and uranium were 25, 40 and 60 ppm, respectively.
Operational Definitions of Youth Violence in Empirical Research

The methods used to understand, interpret, and critically present youth violence have wide ranging implications for developing policy and programs engaging our cultural context. While in the last thirty years tremendous advances have occurred in naming and researching violence, violence problems continue to be difficult to address because no one factor causes--or for that matter prevents--violence. This exploratory study uses quantitative and qualitative methodologies to examine operational definitions of youth violence in the scientific literature. The study describes how violence in the lives of young people is defined in a sample of peer reviewed journal articles published between 1987 and 1997. Definitions play an important role in enhancing collaboration between and within disciplines by clarifying roles and responsibilities, by anticipating potential professional conflicts, and by illuminating what methodologies are under or over-represented in the literature.
Human P1-450 gene sequence and correlation of mRNA with genetic differences in benzo[a]pyrene metabolism.

Abstract The human P1-450 gene (6,311 base pairs), as well as the 5' (1,604 bases) and 3' (113 bases) flanking regions, have been completely sequenced. Four highly homologous boxes (61, 82, 56 and 97 base pairs) between the human and mouse P1-450 genes are found in the "TATA" box promoter region, -226, -338, and -450 upstream from the cap site, respectively. Nine genomic-DNA samples were digested with each of 23 restriction endonucleases and probed with human P1-450 cDNA fragments; restriction fragment length polymorphisms are detected, although it remains to be seen whether such a recombinant DNA test will be useful in determining individuals at increased risk for cigarette smoking-induced cancer and toxicity. We show in this report, however, that human inducible P1-450 mRNA concentrations are very highly correlated (r = 0.98; N = 6) with genetic differences in benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in mitogen-activated lymphocyte cultures.
Pleistocene to Present North Andean “escape”

Abstract This study compiles 20 published field geologic estimates of displacement rates for the northern Andes, such as displaced glacial moraines and offset pyroclastic flow, and compares them to published Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. Dated displacements compiled in this study were obtained from the Gulf of Guayaquil, Pallatanga, Chingual-la Sofia, and Cayambe-Afiladores-Sibundoy fault systems in Ecuador and southern Colombia and the Bocono fault system in Venezuela. Right-lateral slip estimates on the individual fault segments range from 2 mm/a to 10 mm/a. The mean estimated geologic slip rate for the last 86,000 years is 7.6 mm/a. This estimate is very similar to the GPS measurements of Present day motion at the 2 sigma level. Published GPS results suggest that a large part of the northern Andes is “escaping” to the northeast relative to stable South America at a rate of 6 ± 2 mm/a. The GPS displacement rates of seven sites in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador are statistically identical at the 95% confidence level. Four geologic estimates indicate that slip rates of 4 to 10 mm/a continued back to 1.8 Ma. No geologic slip estimates have been reported for Ecuador prior to that time period. The “escape” of the North Andes is believed to be a result of increased coupling between the obliquely subducting Nazca plate and the overriding South American plate due to the subduction of the Carnegie Ridge in the Ecuador–Colombia trench. If this is correct, the slip estimates for the North Andes suggest that the Carnegie Ridge arrived at the trench prior to 1.8 Ma. In the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, strike-slip crustal earthquakes reflect slip partitioning on high angle faults located above crustal detachment ramps across a 200 km wide zone. Intermediate depth mantle earthquakes indicate that brittle shearing extends to the base of the lithosphere.
Energy sensitive machining parameter optimisation

Machining economics has been a challenging and interesting problem for decades. With the recent problems in supply of energy and increasing demand and cost, consideration of problems related to energy usage has become critical for the manufacturing industry. This paper aims to integrate the concept of machining economics and energy conservation. A geometric programming mathematical model was developed for the single pass turning operation. The model is based on an energy sensitive parameter selection process and minimises the overall cost of manufacturing. The solution methodology was developed to automate the process of parameters selection. Last but not the least; this paper is focused on increasing the energy efficiency awareness.
Large-scale data-based collaborative air traffic optimization for congestion management

In a context of air transportation growth, it becomes essential to better manage the rising congestion levels. The present paper presents a large-scale destination-aggregated multicommodity flow model at the National Airspace system level, supported by a data-based network synthesis. It encomprises a departure queuing model to optimize the routing and delays of flights in the NAS. The flows are aggregated according to their destination to ensure a more compact linear optimization formulation without losing accuracy in the analysis. This model determines the nationwide impact of local constraints from historical data. It could serve as the basis to understand the propagation of congestion in the NAS, mitigate its effects by linking optimization results to operational constraints and actions, and support nationwide collaborative management of the airspace resources.
Magneto-Optic Modulation of a Light Beam in Sodium Vapor*

The enhanced Faraday effect in gases for optical frequencies near absorption lines provides a basis for modulating a light beam. In the present study, incident radiation consisting of the Zeeman s components of the D lines of sodium passed through a polarizer to the Faraday cell, which employed saturated sodium vapor at approximately 240°C as an optical medium. Rotation of the plane of polarization of radiation traversing the cell was modulated at frequencies as high as 698 Mc/sec. On the basis of cw modulation studies, there appears to be no reduction in the integrated time-varying Faraday effect for frequencies as high as 265 Mc/sec; this frequency is 1100 times the Larmor frequency in the magnetic fields involved and 26 times the natural linewidth. There was no evidence of any reduction in frequency response for pulsed modulation at 698 Mc/sec.
Global stability of an age-structure model for TB and its applications to optimal vaccination strategies

This article focuses on the study of an age-structure model for the disease transmission dynamics of tuberculosis in populations that are subjected to a vaccination program. We first show that the infection-free steady state is globally stable if the basic reproductive number R0 is below one, and that an endemic steady state exists when the reproductive number in the presence of vaccine is above one. We then apply the theoretical results to vaccination policies to determine the optimal age or ages at which an individual should be vaccinated. It is shown that the optimal strategies can be either one- or two-age strategies.
APPROXIMATE ATOMIC SURFACES FROM LINEAR COMBINATIONS OF PAIRWISE OVERLAPS (LCPO)

A fast analytical formula was derived for the calculation of approximate atomic and molecular van der Waals (vdWSA), and solvent-accessible surface areas (SASAs), as well as the first and second derivatives of these quantities with respect to atomic coordinates. This method makes use of linear combinations of terms composed from pairwise overlaps of hard spheres; therefore, we term this the LCPO method for linear combination of pairwise overlaps. For higher performance, neighbor-list reduction (NLR) was applied as a preprocessing step. Eighteen compounds of different sizes (8–2366 atoms) and classes (organic, proteins, DNA, and various complexes) were chosen as representative test cases. LCPO/NLR computed the SASA and first derivatives of penicillopepsin, a protein with 2366 atoms, in 0.87 s (0.22 s for the creation of the neighbor list, 0.35 s for NLR, and 0.30 s for SASA and first derivatives) on an SGI R10000/194 Mhz processor. This appears comparable to or better than timings reported previously for other algorithms. The vdWSAs were in good agreement with the numerical results: relative errors for total molecular surface areas ranged from 0.1 to 2.0% and average absolute atomic surface area deviations from 0.3 to 0.7 A2. For SASAs without NLR, the LCPO method exhibited relative errors in the range of 0.4–9.2% for total molecular surface areas and average absolute atomic surface area deviations of 2.0–2.7 A2; with NLR the relative molecular errors ranged from 0.1 to 7.8% and the average absolute atomic surface area deviation from 1.6 to 3.0 A2. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 217–230, 1999
The Cyclin-dependent Kinase Cdc28p Regulates Multiple Aspects of Kar9p Function in Yeast

During mitosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kar9p directs one spindle pole body (SPB) toward the incipient daughter cell by linking the associated set of cytoplasmic microtubules (cMTs) to the polarized actin network on the bud cortex. The asymmetric localization of Kar9p to one SPB and attached cMTs is dependent on its interactions with microtubule-associated proteins and is regulated by the yeast Cdk1 Cdc28p. Two phosphorylation sites in Kar9p were previously identified. Here, we propose that the two sites are likely to govern Kar9p function through separate mechanisms, each involving a distinct cyclin. In the first mechanism, phosphorylation at serine 496 recruits Kar9p to one SPB. A phosphomimetic mutation at serine 496 bypasses the requirement of BIK1 and CLB5 in generating Kar9p asymmetry. In the second mechanism, Clb4p may target serine 197 of Kar9p for phosphorylation. This modification is required for Kar9p to direct cMTs to the bud. Two-hybrid analysis suggests that this phosphorylation may attenuate the interaction between Kar9p and the XMAP215-homologue Stu2p. We propose that phosphorylation at serine 197 regulates the release of Kar9p from Stu2p at the SPB, either to clear it from the mother-SPB or to allow it to travel to the plus end.
Molecular Heterogeneity of Ehrlichia chaffeensis Isolates Determined by Sequence Analysis of the 28-Kilodalton Outer Membrane Protein Genes and Other Regions of the Genome

Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a tick-transmitted rickettsial agent, is responsible for human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME). In this study, we genetically mapped 10 isolates obtained from HME patients. Sequence analysis of the 28-kDa outer membrane protein (OMP) multigene locus spanning 6 of the 22 tandemly arranged genes identified three distinct genetic groups with shared homology among isolates within each group. Isolates in Groups I and III contained six genes each, while Group II isolates had a gene deletion. There were two regions on the locus where novel gene deletion or insertion mutations occurred, resulting in the net loss of one gene in Group II isolates. Numerous nucleotide differences among genes in isolates of each group also were detected. The shared homology among isolates in each group for the 28-kDa OMP locus suggests the derivation of clonal lineages. Transcription and translation analysis of the locus revealed differences in the expressed genes of different group isolates. Analysis of the 120-kDa OMP gene and variable-length PCR target gene showed size variations resulting from loss or gain of long, direct repeats within the protein coding sequences. To our knowledge this is the first study that looked at several regions of the genome simultaneously, and we provide the first evidence of heterogeneity resulting from gene deletion and insertion mutations in the E. chaffeensis genome. Diversity in different genomic regions could be the result of a selection process or of independently evolved genes.
Ongoing US cooperative group trials using taxanes in the adjuvant setting.

Abstract The use of systemic adjuvant therapy in women with early-stage breast cancer has been demonstrated to have a profound impact on survival. The role of paclitaxel and docetaxel in the adjuvant setting has attracted a great deal of attention. Both of these agents are highly active in patients with advanced breast cancer. In addition, they can be utilized in combination with anthracyclines, which have been shown to provide a slightly better outcome in patients with early-stage breast cancer compared to non—anthracycline-containing regimens. Randomized trials have demonstrated a potential role for paclitaxel in adjuvant chemotherapy. In the Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9344 trial, which explored the use of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide with or without paclitaxel, the initial analysis demonstrated a 22% reduction in the relative risk of relapse and a 26% reduction in the relative risk of death in the paclitaxel group. However, a clear role for the use of paclitaxel in adjuvant therapy remains to be defined. The Breast Cancer International Research Group trial 001 compared the combination of docetaxel/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide to 5-fluorouracil/doxorubicin/ cyclophosphamide. This trial demonstrated a promising reduction in the relative risk of recurrence of 32% for the docetaxel/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide group. Ongoing trials will help to further define the role of taxanes in the adjuvant setting for patients with operable breast cancer.
ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF SANDHILL AND WHOOPING CRANES TO AN EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS VACCINE

As a possible strategy to protect whooping cranes (Grus americana) from fatal eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) viral infection, studies were conducted to determine the immune response of this species and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) to a formalin-inactivated EEE viral vaccine. Viral-specific neutralizing antibody was elicited in both species after intramuscular (IM) vaccination. Subcutaneous and intravenous routes of vaccination failed to elicit detectable antibody in sandhill cranes. Among the IM vaccinated cranes, the immune response was characterized by nondetectable or low antibody titers that waned rapidly following primary exposure to the vaccine. However, one or more booster doses consistently elicited detectable antibody and/or increased antibody titers in the whooping cranes. In contrast, cranes with pre-existing EEE viral antibody, apparently induced by natural infection, exhibited a rapid increase and sustained high-antibody titers. Even though EEE virus vaccine induced neutralizing antibody and produced no adverse side effects, further studies will be required to determine the protective efficacy of the antibody.
Exploring Undergraduate Student Attitudes toward Persons with Disabilities: Application of the Disability Social Relationship Scale.

The Disability Social Relations Generalized Disability (DSRGD) Scale was used to explore the influence of the social context on attitudes toward persons with disabilities. The DSRGD Scale was based...
Minimally important differences in the Mahler's Transition Dyspnoea Index in a large randomized controlled trial—results from the Scleroderma Lung Study

Objective. Scleroderma Lung Study (SLS) showed that cyclophosphamide (CYC) was better than placebo (PLA) in preventing progression of forced vital capacity percentage (FVC%) predicted and dyspnoea at 12 months. Our objective was to assess minimally important difference (MID) for Mahler’s Transition Dyspnoea Index (TDI) in SLS. Methods. A total of 158 subjects participated in the SLS. Data from the two treatment groups were combined for this analysis. We used five patient-reported anchors from the short form (SF)-36 instrument to assess MID for TDI—SF-36 transition question and four questions from SF-36 pertaining to walking on a flat surface or climbing stairs. On the SF-36 transition question, patients who rated as a little better or a little worse were defined as the MID subgroup. For other questions, patients who reported improvement from ‘Limited a lot’ to ‘Limited a little’ and ‘Limited a little’ to ‘No limit’ and vice versa were defined as the MID subgroup. Results. The MID estimates for the TDI improvement and worsening ranged from 1.05 to 2.16 (mean score ¼ 1.5) U and from � 0.61 to � 2.55 (mean score ¼� 1.5) U, respectively. Change in this group was larger than that of the no-change group (mean score ¼ 0.38 U). Patients who achieved the MID for improvement at 12 months had a greater improvement in their FVC% predicted (3.6%) compared with those who did not (� 3.3%; P < 0.001). Conclusion. A change (improvement/worsening) of 1.5 U in the TDI is the MID for SSc-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). This can aid in interpreting clinically important changes in breathlessness in SSc-ILD.
Efficient Reinforcement Learning Through Evolving Neural Network Topologies

Neuroevolution is currently the strongest method on the pole-balancing benchmark reinforcement learning tasks. Although earlier studies suggested that there was an advantage in evolving the network topology as well as connection weights, the leading neuroevolution systems evolve fixed networks. Whether evolving structure can improve performance is an open question. In this article, we introduce such a system, NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT). We show that when structure is evolved (1) with a principled method of crossover, (2) by protecting structural innovation, and (3) through incremental growth from minimal structure, learning is significantly faster and stronger than with the best fixed-topology methods. NEAT also shows that it is possible to evolve populations of increasingly large genomes, achieving highly complex solutions that would otherwise be difficult to optimize.
Dual suppression with oral contraceptives and gonadotrophin releasing-hormone agonists improves in-vitro fertilization outcome in high responder patients

Certain patients have a tendency for high response to gonadotrophin therapy which is often not ameliorated with prior gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) suppression. As a result, these patients are frequently cancelled and often experience ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) episodes during in-vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer cycles. Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have been noted to be particularly sensitive to exogenous gonadotrophin therapy. We have developed a protocol which is effective in improving IVF outcome in high responder patients, including those with PCOS. Oral contraceptive pills (OCP) are taken for 25 days followed by s.c. leuprolide acetate, 1 mg/day, which is overlapped with the final 5 days of oral contraceptive administration. Low-dose gonadotrophin stimulation is then initiated on the third day of withdrawal bleeding in the form of either human menopausal gonadotrophins or purified urinary follicle-stimulating hormone at a dosage of 150 IU/day. Over a 5 year period, we reviewed our experience utilizing this dual method of suppression in 99 cycles obtained in 73 high responder patients. There were only 13 cancellations prior to embryo transfer (13.1%). The clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates per initiated cycle were 46.5 and 40.4% respectively. Only eight patients experienced mild-moderate OHSS following treatment. For those patients who had undergone previous IVF-embryo transfer cycles at our centre, significant improvements were noted in oocyte fertilization rates, embryo implantation rates and clinical/ongoing pregnancy rates with this protocol. Hormonal analyses revealed that the chief mechanism may be through an improved luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio following dual suppression. An additional feature of this dual method of suppression is significantly lower serum androgen concentrations, particularly dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate.
Spectral Gatherings: Derrida, Celan, and the Covenant of the Word

Taking as its point of departure Derrida's essay “Shibboleth: For Paul Celan,” this article is concerned with the relation between the poetic discourse of several Celan lyrics and the problematic of circumcision—as religious operation, wound, inscription, linguistic structure—foregrounded in Derrida's reading, and thus on the relation between the event of Celan's lyric, the critical language with which Derrida and other readers engage it, and the discourse of Jewish identity. Also crucial is the relation to Kafka, since the lyric principally under investigation here, Celan's “Einem, der vor der Tur stand,” alludes to Kafka's parable “Before the Law.”
EKG monitoring of patients on citalopram after the 2011 FDA safety announcement

Chart review data was collected to determine if an EKG had been obtained within the study period. Pharmacy records were reviewed to determine antidepressant and new psychotropic medication prescriptions. 1. Vieweg et al. Citalopram, QTc interval prolongation, and torsade de pointes. How should we apply the recent FDA ruling? The American Journal of Medicine (2012) 125, 859-868. 2. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: Abnormal heart rhythms associated with high doses of Celexa (citalopram hydrobromide) (August 24, 2011). Available at: www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/ucm269086.htm 3. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: Revised recommendations for Celexa (citalopram hydrobromide) related to a potential risk of abnormal heart rhythms with high doses (March 28, 2012). Available at: www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/ucm297391.htm 4. Marcum et al. FDA drug safety communications: a narrative review and clinical considerations for older adults. The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy (2012) 10, 264-271. 5. Zivin et al. Evaluation of the FDA warning against prescribing citalopram at doses exceeding 40 mg. American Journal of Psychiatry (2013) 170, 642-650. 6. Beach et al. QTc prolongation, torsades de pointes, and psychotropic medications. Psychosomatics (2013) 54, 1-13. 7. Castro et al. QT interval and antidepressant use: a cross sectional study of electronic health records. British Medical Journal (2013) 346, 1-11. Figure 1. Patient identification and participant flow throughout study
Assessing perceptions of environments for active living.

Background Substantial research has been done on the relationship of physical environments to active living, much of it using observational measures of physical properties. Although this research is important, it produces an incomplete picture. Perceptions of environmental factors may affect physical activity. There is particular value in learning about people’s perceptions of environmental factors that are associated with increased or decreased likelihood of physical activity. Methods The present paper surveys and evaluates various options for measuring perceptions of specific environments and alternatives for study designs and methods. Referring to the relevant studies and concepts in environmental psychology, environmental perception, and related disciplines, it identifies and evaluates the measurement methods. Results The measurement of environmental perceptions must take into consideration the selection of respondents, measurement of environmental variables, sampling and mode of presentation of the environmental stimuli, and response measures. Conclusions Research can build on current knowledge of environmental perception to explore measures and methods of particular relevance to understanding people’s likelihood of using places for physical activity.
Black tea and lignin as ultraviolet protectants for the beet armyworm nucleopolyhedrovirus.

A major constraint to the use of baculoviruses for biocontrol of insects is their sensitivity to UV degradation. In this study, we evaluated black tea (Lipton®, London, UK) and lignin (Reax 85A, MeadWestvaco, Charleston, SC) as potential UV protectants for beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) multiple-embedded nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV). The original activity remaining (OAR%) from SeMNPV upon exposure to various lengths of time (up to 5 h) to a source of UVA and UVB was evaluated in bioassays using beet armyworm third-stage larvae under laboratory conditions. Beet armyworm mortality was measured after larvae fed on artificial diet treated with SeMNPV. Mortality of beet armyworm due to SeMNPV, with no UV protectants added, was reduced to 23, 11.3 and 2.1% upon UV exposure for 15, 30 or 60 min, respectively. To investigate the mechanism of reduction in the efficacy of SeMNPV when exposed to UV was due to the degradation of full-length viral genomic DNA, a modified DNA isolation technique was developed to measure levels of the full length viral genomic DNA of SeMNPV through electrophoresis on an agarose gel. The efficacy of SeMNPV on beet armyworm was lost after 2 h of UV exposure, and the full-length genomic DNA also was degraded to levels that were not visible on agarose gel. However, both black tea and lignin provided nearly 100% UV protection for SeMNPV as measured in bioassays even after 5 h of UV irradiation. SeMNPV efficacy against beet armyworm in samples containing black tea or lignin resulted in no significant visual reduction of the full length viral genomic DNA. To investigate the mechanism of UV protection for SeMNPV from black tea and lignin, absorption spectra of both protectants were measured with a spectrophotometer. High rate of absorption in the UV range, especially at the range of UVB (280-320 nm), was detected for both materials. The absorption rate was higher with lignin than with black tea. Whereas lignin was a good absorber for both UVB and UVA radiation, black tea was primarily an absorber of UVB. Therefore, both black tea and lignin are potential natural UV protectants in the formulation of baculovirus-based biopesticides.
Goodyear Dunlop: A Welcome Refinement of the Language of General Personal Jurisdiction

In its 2011 decision in Goodyear Dunlop Tires v. Brown, the United States Supreme Court directly addressed the constitutional permissibility of general personal jurisdiction for only the third time since its landmark personal jurisdiction decision in International Shoe v. Washington in 1945. The language of pre-Goodyear opinions on general jurisdiction, jurisdiction based on a defendant’s contacts with the forum state regardless of their relationship to the plaintiff’s claim, suggested that it was constitutionally permissible if the defendant had “continuous and systematic general business contacts” with the forum state. The Court had held that contacts such that the forum was the corporate defendant’s principal place of business satisfied this test, yet millions of dollars of purchases and training by the defendant from the forum state over a seven year period did not. The wide gray area in between these two factual circumstances and the generality of the Court’s “continuous and systematic contacts” test has led lower courts to reach very divergent results on the issue. In a unanimous opinion in Goodyear Dunlop, the Court clarified that using regular sales in the forum as a basis for general personal jurisdiction, a basis that had been held sufficient by a minority of lower courts, fell “far short” of the types of contacts necessary for general jurisdiction. And significantly, the Court’s opinion introduced a question, drawn from language in International Shoe but not previously stressed in its general jurisdiction opinions, asking whether the defendant’s contacts were such “as to render them essentially at home in the forum state.” This article argues that this refinement of the language of general personal jurisdiction is a welcome addition, as it should assist in marking more clearly the outer bounds of general jurisdiction and in limiting the forum shopping mischief and added costs of litigation that can occur with more expansive and ill defined borders.
Life Cycle of the Disability Term

Defining disability, from youth to old age, is a lesson in legislative priorities and incentive systems that are below the radar screen. This poster presentation provides a visual illustration of the life cycle of the concept of disability, over an average life span. The time line begins when a child enters pre-school or elementary school and is first exposed to the possibility for a disability designation under the Individuals with Disabilities Act or under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and ends when an elder is exposed to the possibility of a disability designation under a guardianship or conservatorship statutory scheme.
Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation for Impurity Gettering in Silicon

We have utilized plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) to demonstrate effective gettering of metallic impurities in silicon wafers. Metallic impurities such as Ni, Cu or Au were intentionally diffused into Si as marker impurities. The Ar or Ne atoms were ionized in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma chamber. The ions were accelerated by a negative voltage applied to the wafer and implanted into the wafer. The as-implanted saturation dose can be as high as 5×1016cm−2. After an annealing step at 1000°C for 1 hour in a N2 ambient, the retained doses and the amount of gettered impurities were measured with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). With a retained Ar dose in 1015cm−2 range after annealing, the gettered Ni, Cu and Au were 3.0×1014cm−2, 3.0×1014cm−2 and 4.4×1013cm−2 respectively.
Analysis of Individual Phosphatides in Commercial “Lecithin”

Several methods for the quantitative analysis of phospholipids in commercial soybean lecithin ware compared. Analytical methods examined were as follows; Hanahan method based on silicic acid column chromatography, Hubscher-method which involves mild alkaline hydrolysis of total phospholipids and extraction of the resulting water-soluble esters and separation of the latter on ionexchange resins using sodium tetraborate-ammonium formate system for the elution, and Dawson-method based on the examination of phospholipid fractions by paper chromatography after mild alkaline hydrolysis. Among them, Hubschers-method was found, best in the determination of main phosphatide components.Quantitative determination of individual phospholipids by Hubscher-method in several lots of commercial soybean lecithin showed that there was little difference except the lot stoked over summer season in which the components of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine were less than others. In the lots of summer season stock, the package condition (can or paper bag) of soybean affected their phosphatide components. Can stock sample was less changed in the phosphatides and aceton insoluble lipids in the can stock soybean were more extracted than in the paper bag.
Optical excitations in hematite (α-Fe2O3) via embedded cluster models: A CASPT2 study

Hematite is a candidate for use as a photoanode in water-splitting reactions. Part of the efficiency depends on the capability of hematite to absorb sunlight and convert solar energy to electron energy. While there have been optical spectroscopy measurements as well as molecular orbital studies on the optical spectra of hematite, accurate characterizations of excited states from theory are missing. To fill this gap, we study excited states of electrostatically embedded hematite clusters using complete active space self-consistent field theory and complete active space with second-order perturbation theory. Overall, we found that the lowest lying excitations within hematite are Fe d–d ligand field transitions (starting at ∼2.5 eV), which are highly localized around Fe centers. The O 2p to Fe 3d ligand to metal charge transfer excitations are higher lying excited states (∼6 eV). These excitation energies are used to verify some of the earlier peak assignments for the optical spectra of hematite. In addition...
Study of the Impacts of Cuttings on Well Deviation in Gas Drilling

The gas-solid flow characteristics in the annular space of gas drilling provide favorable conditions to well bore erosion by cutting particles.Collision frequency and shear stress between cuttings entrained in high velocity gas flow and well bore are high.So,sidewall rock is easily crashed,well hole enlargement is obvious.Well hole enlargement results in the variation in the stress state of BHA.The difficulty of well trajectory control is increased,thus causes the well deviation.On the other hand,cuttings cushion is formed with the results of particles detached,impacting the mechanical properties of BHA,forming buildup force,and causing hole deviation.To study the impacts of cuttings on gas drilling well deviation,using the annulus flow model and the particle collision model,distinguishing model of well hole enlargement was established.Case calculation shows that the model has high predicting accuracy,can be used to provide foundation for the optimization design and the formation rock stability analysis in gas drilling.
Development of a High Fidelity Human Patient Simulation Curriculum to Improve Residents’ Critical Assessment

Background Family medicine residency training in critical patient assessment is often limited. Simulation has been shown to be an effective method to enhance learning in a safe environment.
The lights that failed to signal the diagnosis.

(1985). The Lights That Failed to Signal the Diagnosis. Hospital Practice: Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 151-152.
How Work Gains Meaning in Contractual Time: A Narrative Model for Reconstructing the Work Ethic

The work ethic has been deeply challenged by two trends – the division of labor and the destruction of continuity in employment. Here a narrative model is proposed for reconstructing the work ethic. Narratives embody assumptions about the flow of time, and work becomes charged with meaning when "contractual time" is interrupted, when new functions are invented to cope with obstacles having to do human character and action. Content for this abstract model is provided by four historical movements in the U.S. having to do with the reorganization of work or work relations: scientific management, the human-relations movement, the human-potential movement, and early management thought.
Populations of the lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, that differ in melanization have different rates of wound healing.

Mechanisms underlying production of animal coloration can affect key traits besides coloration. Melanin, and molecules regulating melanin, can directly and indirectly affect other phenotypic traits, such as immune function. We asked whether melanization and a whole-organism measure of immune function are associated with wound healing. Working with two populations of adult male western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, we compared one high-elevation and one low-elevation population in California where individuals are increasingly darker at higher elevations, measuring wound healing rates. Because of potential interactions of steroid hormones and immune function, we also measured plasma levels of testosterone and corticosterone. Mean healing rates differed significantly, with males in the darker high-elevation population healing more quickly compared to lighter low-elevation males. Males in the low-elevation population had significantly higher mean baseline steroid concentrations. These steroid hormones were also negatively associated with wound healing. We discuss potential differences in selective regime that could produce different patterns. These data also suggest that hormonal pleiotropy does not constrain phenotypic variation.
Production of extracellular phytase fromAspergillus ficuum on starch media

Cultures grown on Hylon corn starch media produced the highest levels of phytase. Phospholipid extraction of Hylon starch did not change its effectiveness as a substrate. Cultures grown on phosphorylated dextrins from Hylon corn starch produced equivalent amounts of phytase.
Array Sensitivity for Model-Based Microwave Breast Imaging

The success of microwave imaging via model-based inverse scattering is dependent on the quality of the model of the environment surrounding the imaging domain. Uncertainties in the properties of the environment may be significant enough to create a level of model-based noise that competes with the signals that carry information about the object’s features of interest. In this paper, we investigate the impact of environmental material properties uncertainty on the problem of microwave breast imaging. Specifically, we analyze sensitivity to errors in the modeled environment, relative to sensitivity to breast tissue features of interest for a fixed enclosed array design. We also evaluate the impact of changing the array configuration (decreasing antenna-to-breast spacing and increasing breast compression) on these sensitivities. The results illustrate several regimes in which the model noise associated with uncertainty in the material properties in the array environment is comparable to the signals associated with the features of interest in the breast. These results highlight the importance of considering the effects of material properties uncertainty when evaluating reconstruction algorithms and array designs for microwave inverse scattering.
Patient with Concomitant Aortic Valve Stenosis

Aortic valve stenosis, that does not require valvular surgery or intervention, does not impact decisions regarding the use of anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation. If anticoagulation is indicated in a patient with atrial fibrillation based on presence of other traditional atrial fibrillation related stroke risk factors either warfarin or any of the nonwarfarin oral anticoagulants are reasonable choices.
Conceptual Processing for Textual Indexing

Indexing of a text is an intellectual task. Its main aim is to interlink the concepts denoted by terms. The focus of indexing is to briefly communicate the concept sought by a reader and link it to a location in the text.