cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using multiple geochemical tracers to characterize the hydrogeology of the submarine spring off Crescent Beach, Florida

Abstract A spectacular submarine spring is located about 4 km east of Crescent Beach, FL, in the Atlantic Ocean. The single vent feature of Crescent Beach Spring provides a unique opportunity to examine onshore–offshore hydrogeologic processes, as well as point source submarine ground water discharge. The Floridan aquifer system in northeastern Florida consists of Tertiary interspersed limestone and dolomite strata. Impermeable beds confine the water-bearing zones under artesian pressure. Miocene and younger confining strata have been eroded away at the vent feature, enabling direct hydrologic communication of Eocene ground water with coastal bottom waters. The spring water had a salinity of 6.02, which was immediately diluted by ambient seawater during advection/mixing. The concentration of major solutes in spring water and onshore well waters confirm a generalized easterly flow direction of artesian ground water. Nutrient concentrations were generally low in the reducing vent samples, and the majority of the total nitrogen species existed as NH 3 . The submarine ground water tracers, Rn-222 (1174 dpm l −1 , dpm), methane (232 nM) and barium (294.5 nM) were all highly enriched in the spring water relative to ambient seawater. The concentrations of the reverse redox elements U, V and Mo were expectedly low in the submarine waters. The strontium isotope ratio of the vent water ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr=0.70798) suggests that the spring water contain an integrated signature indicative of Floridan aquifer system ground water. Additional Sr isotopic ratios from a series of surficial and Lower Floridan well samples suggest dynamic ground water mixing, and do not provide clear evidence for a single hydrogeologic water source at the spring vent. In this karst-dominated aquifer, such energetic mixing at the vent feature is expected, and would be facilitated by conduit and fractured flow. Radium isotope activities were utilized to estimate flow-path trajectories and to provide information on potential travel times between an onshore well and the spring. Using either 223 Ra and 224 Ra or 228 Ra, and qualifying this approach with several key assumptions, estimates of water mass travel times from an upper Floridan well in Crescent Beach to the submarine vent feature (distance=4050 m) are in the order of ∼0.01–0.1 m min −1 .
Mentor-Protégé Commitment Fit and Relationship Satisfaction in Academic Mentoring

Based on a sample of students and their faculty mentors, this study examined how the fit between mentor and protege levels of commitment is associated with both partners’ relationship satisfaction. Mentoring dyads were classified into groups according to fit between partners’ commitment, and relationship satisfaction was compared across groups. Overall, results provided partial support for our hypothesis that mentors and proteges report greatest satisfaction when commitment levels are mutually high. Specific results varied depending on the source of reported commitment levels (i.e., mentor vs. protege reports). Implications are discussed in terms of the importance of both mentor and protege commitment.
Optimal Power Deposition Patterns for Single Pulse High Temperature Therapies With Temperature-Dependent Perfusion

The blood perfusion has been know to be an important factor of a thermal therapy, furthermore there were experiments shown that both normal tissue and tumor have different temperature-dependent perfusions. Since it has been shown by a recent study that the optimal power deposition patterns producing uniform tumor thermal dose distributions exist for thermal treatments ranging from the conventional hyperthermia to the high temperature therapy, this motivates performing a study on the optimal power deposition patterns for the high temperature therapy. This study showed that there are such optimal power deposition patterns for different tumor sizes by applying a 5-sec heating pulse with different out-tumor heat patterns even when the tumor and normal tissue both have different temperature-dependent perfusions. With this short heating, the optimal power patterns for temperature dependent perfusion models are almost identical to the corresponding constant perfusion models. In addition to this perfusion-independence, when tumor size is at least 4cm, even the treatment times from both perfusion models are almost the same. Furthermore, the simulations also showed that the optimal power deposition patterns are not sensitive to the out-tumor heating patterns, provided the heating applicator is not poorly focused. Results of the study motivate the thermal treatment community to perform more studies on the short-time high-temperature therapy to benefit these blood perfusion independences.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Test of higher-order nonlinearity via low-order harmonic generation revisited

We measure the ratio between fifth- and third-harmonic signals from air as a function of the laser intensity determined by mode measurements. Our results do not support the presence of a higher-order Kerr nonlinearity.
Identification of Students’ Content Mastery and Cognitive and Affective Percepts of a Bioinformatics Miniunit: A Case Study With Recommendations for Teacher Education

Bioinformatics, merging biological data with computer science, is increasingly incorporated into school curricula at all levels. This case study of 10 secondary school students highlights student individual differences (especially the way they processed information and integrated procedural and analytical thought) and summarizes a variety of critical situations that teachers may encounter when teaching bioinformatics. Students who integrated factual information with procedural and analytical skills were closest to content mastery; while students who had fundamental deficiencies in factual recall or were less adept in integrating higher order knowledge with specific facts and procedural skills had difficulty mobilizing critical analytical skills needed to master the bioinformatics tasks. Broader implications are presented for teacher education, curriculum design, and research.
Objective functional assessment after a head injury using movement and activity in physical space scores: a case report.

Objective: To describe the potential benefit of using a global positioning system (GPS) and accelerometry as an objective functional-activity measure after concussion by creating Movement and Activ...
Safety and efficacy of autologous blood donation before elective aortic valve operation

Although the use of preoperative autologous blood donations for patients undergoing elective cardiac operations has increased dramatically in recent years, patients awaiting elective aortic valve replacement have traditionally been denied access to preoperative autologous blood collection programs. We report our experience with 79 patients, each of whom donated 1 to 3 units of autologous blood before an aortic valve operation. All patients had serious aortic valve disease as evidenced by symptoms and preoperative catheterization data. The patients collectively made 129 blood donations. One patient had a syncopal episode within 2 hours of donation and recovered without difficulty. Of the patients who gave autologous blood preoperatively, 68% avoided any homologous blood donor exposure during their subsequent hospitalization for aortic valve replacement. In contrast, in a group of 298 patients who did not give autologous blood preoperatively, only 31% avoided homologous blood exposure during aortic valve replacement (p < 0.0001). Our experience suggests that preoperative autologous blood donation by patients awaiting elective aortic valve replacement is both safe and effective. Patients with aortic valve disease should not be routinely excluded from preoperative blood services.
Benefits of a Game-Based Review Module in Chemistry Courses for Nonmajors

Review sessions provide an opportunity for students to reflect on the material they have learned. Game shows can grab the students’ interest and make them invested in the outcomes of their learning. A module developed around game show review was studied in chemistry courses for nonmajors to determine whether benefits could be found in students’ performance, interest in chemistry, and study habits. The module expands on the game-show format in a manner that allows students to write questions, determine solutions, and study review sheets in the days prior to the game-show review session. The results of this study indicate that the game-based review module has a positive effect on final exam performance, study habits, and student interest in chemistry.
Human CD8+ TCR-αβ+ and TCR-γδ+ cells modulate autologous autoreactive neuroantigen-specific CD4+ T-cells by different mechanisms

To investigate the regulatory interactions among autologous T-cells during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), proteolipid protein peptide-specific CD4+ T-cell clones (TCCs) were irradiated and used as immunogens to stimulate purified populations of autologous CD8+ TCR-alpha beta+ and TCR-gamma delta+ T-cells isolated from the peripheral blood of MS patients, patients with other non-inflammatory neurological diseases, and healthy blood donors. The resulting blasts were expanded in the presence of hIL-2 and then cloned by limiting dilution. Two different groups of CD8+ TCCs were revealed. A first group of CD8+ TCCs recognized autologous CD4+ T-cells based in their TCRV beta structures (anti-idiotypic responsiveness). A second group of CD8+ TCCs recognized Ag activated autologous CD4+ TCCs irrespective of their Ag specificity or TCRV beta expression (anti-ergotypic responsiveness). Both groups showed MHC class I restricted cytotoxicity against CD4+ T-cells and were able to secrete IFN-gamma, TNF alpha/beta and TGF-beta. TCR-gamma delta+ TCCs isolated in response to stimulation with autologous peptide-specific CD4+ TCCs showed only anti-ergotypic cytotoxicity, which was not inhibited by anti-MHC class Ia monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, they were able to secrete IFN-gamma and TNF alpha/beta, but not TGF-beta. These data demonstrate that regulatory mechanisms among human autologous T-cells can be mediated by cytolytic interactions or by the release of specific cytokines. Furthermore, they provide evidence that CD8+ TCR-alpha beta+ and TCR-gamma delta+ cells differ in their patterns of recognition and in their abilities to modulate the immune response mediated by autologous autoreactive CD4+ T-cells.
Surface and Bulk Charge Density Wave Structure in 1 T-TaS2

Incommensurate charge density waves (CDWs) in some materials form domains within which the CDWs may be commensurate. However, two questions have remained controversial: What is the geometrical structure of these domains, and are they or are they not identical on the surface and in the bulk? To address these issues in the triclinic (T) phase of tantalum disuffide (1T-TaS2) the CDW domain structure has been accurately determined for both the crystal surface and the crystal bulk. By analyzing the bulk CDW wave vectors and associated satellites by x-ray diffraction, it is found that the bulk contains three dimensionally ordered striped domains that have previously been misidentified. Scanning tunneling microscope images show that the striped domain configuration propagates unaltered to the crystal surface, and their Fourier transforms yield the same satellite positions as the x-rays. These observations demonstrate that the surface and bulk CDW domain structures in 1T-TaS2 are identical.
Teaching financial literacy in a co-curricular service-learning model

Abstract The current economic environment has brought to light the financial literacy epidemic in this country. A lack of personal financial education has contributed to the increase in consumer credit debt, a trend evident for many college students who often have significant credit card debt. One way to combat this problem is through financial literacy education. This paper describes a service-learning project implemented through a Beta Alpha Psi chapter, which fulfills the educational objectives of the accounting curriculum and addresses an educational need. The project provides reciprocity of learning between members of Beta Alpha Psi and their audience, college underclassmen. The results indicate that the project is successful in educating both presenters and audience members on basic financial knowledge as well as developing technical and communication skills of Beta Alpha Psi members. The project outline presented in this paper provides a framework for others to use.
Multiple system atrophy and repeat expansions in C9orf72--reply.

In Reply We appreciate the comments by Schottlaender and colleagues concerning our article1 published in JAMA Neurology. We agree that the importance of our article was to highlight the variable phenotypes that are associated with C9orf72 expansions. To date, the reported C9orf72 expansion– associated phenotypes have been frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia/ ALS, Huntington disease–like disorders,2 psychiatric disorders, dementia of Lewy bodies,3 parkinsonism,4 and multiple system atrophy (MSA).1 The case presented in our article met clinical, not pathological, criteria for MSA, which included dysautonomia (neurogenic bladder and orthostatic hypotension), cerebellar syndrome (dysarthria, imbalance, and ataxic gait), parkinsonism,5 and the hot-cross-bun sign in the brain imaging. Especially early in disease progression, the symptoms of MSA may overlap with certain inherited conditions such as Fragile X–associated tremor and ataxia syndrome and spinocerebellar ataxias. In fact, we reported a case with ataxia and spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 repeat expansions, who also had a family history of ALS.6 These disorders differ pathologically from MSA yet may involve the same brain areas, leading to similar clinical presentations. We agree that autopsy will be very helpful to delineate the ultimate pathological diagnosis in this case. To our knowledge, all pathology of C9orf72 expansions showed the characteristic ubiquitin, p62-positive, TDP-43–negative neuronal cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that both the patient and her brother could have typical C9orf72 pathology. Another possibility is the coexistence of synucleinopathy with C9orf72 expansions because MSA synucleinopathy has been reported to occur with other neurodegenerative changes such as tau pathology.5 Until we can confirm the pathology of MSA with C9orf72 expansions, clinicians should be aware that many possible clinical phenotypes are associated with C9orf72 expansions and should consider genetic testing in the presence of family history of a related neurologic disease.
Enabling social interactions through real-time sketch-based communication

We present UbiSketch, a tool for ubiquitous real-time sketch-based communication. We describe the UbiSketch system, which enables people to create doodles, drawings, and notes with digital pens and paper and publish them quickly and easily via their mobile phones to social communication channels, such as Facebook, Twitter, and email. The natural paper-based social interaction enabled by UbiSketch has the potential to enrich current mobile communication practices.
Combined alcian blue and silver staining of glycosaminoglycans in polyacrylamide gels: Application to electrophoretic analysis of molecular weight distribution

Oligomeric and polymeric fragments of glycosaminoglycans may be separated for rapid analysis by electrophoresis through a 10% polyacrylamide matrix. A ladder-like series of bands is observed, in which adjacent major bands correspond to species differing in chain length by one disaccharide unit. The component species are detected by a combined alcian blue and silver staining protocol. Detection limits are less than 50 ng per band, or approximately 2-5 micrograms total load for polydisperse samples. Densitometry of the stained gel may be used to determine molecular weight averages and distribution. The applicable molecular weight ranges are approximately 4000 to 100,000 for hyaluronate, or 1500 to 40,000 for chondroitin and dermatan sulfate samples of moderate charge density heterogeneity.
Orbits of the Tethys Lagrangian bodies

Preliminary libration parameters are derived for the objects found in 1980 at the triangular libration points of Tethys. The parameters are obtained from an orbit analysis of ground-based and Voyager I data obtained in 1980 for the separation from Saturn along the ring major axis, the projected separations from the Tethys L4 and L5 points and the separations from Tethys in orbital longitude. The best fitting libration parameters indicate a small (approximately 2 deg) libration amplitude for the L4 body. Data for the object at the L5 point may be fit either by orbits with libration amplitudes greater than 50 deg, or with small libration amplitudes, which are in agreement with recent Voyager II observations.
Amulet: a secure architecture for mHealth applications for low-power wearable devices

Interest in using mobile technologies for health-related applications (mHealth) has increased. However, none of the available mobile platforms provide the essential properties that are needed by these applications. An mHealth platform must be (i) secure; (ii) provide high availability; and (iii) allow for the deployment of multiple third-party mHealth applications that share access to an individual's devices and data. Smartphones may not be able to provide property (ii) because there are activities and situations in which an individual may not be able to carry them (e.g., while in a contact sport). A low-power wearable device can provide higher availability, remaining attached to the user during most activities. Furthermore, some mHealth applications require integrating multiple on-body or near-body devices, some owned by a single individual, but others shared with multiple individuals. In this paper, we propose a secure system architecture for a low-power bracelet that can run multiple applications and manage access to shared resources in a body-area mHealth network. The wearer can install a personalized mix of third-party applications to support the monitoring of multiple medical conditions or wellness goals, with strong security safeguards. Our preliminary implementation and evaluation supports the hypothesis that our approach allows for the implementation of a resource monitor on far less power than would be consumed by a mobile device running Linux or Android. Our preliminary experiments demonstrate that our secure architecture would enable applications to run for several weeks on a small wearable device without recharging.
Destination type traffic assignment with air quality consideration

A model of highway air pollution is developed by considering macroscopic material balance of airborne pollutants over a segment of a highway between the business or industrial and the residential districts of a city. Traffic assignment to such a highway network during commuting hours is studied by taking into account both traffic performance and air quality over the highway. To reflect the reality of commuter traffic on the traffic assignment, every commuter vehicle is allowed to possess its identity of origin‐destination. Two different policies have been proposed for controlling the traffic flow associated with commuter traffic. In the first policy, every commuter vehicle is allowed to take one of the two alternate routes to enter the highway from its origin, while in the second formulation every vehicle can select any route from many alternatives to enter the highway from its origin. Simulation and optimal traffic assignment have been carried out for a test case under two most frequently observed meteor...
Heart rate-Qt interval relationship during postural change and exercise. A possible connection to cardiac contractility.

The QT interval of the electrocardiogram, although often coordinated in an inverse relationship to heart rate, appears from the existing evidence to be regulated by mechanisms separate from those that govern heart rate. The purpose of this inquiry was to explore further the relationship of the two and to test other factors that may contribute to the regulation of QT.
Results of the 1994 survey of the American Association of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology

Rationale and Objectives. Radiology chief residents are surveyed annually and the data are used to improve the training of diagnostic radiology residents. Methods. Questionnaires were mailed to accredited programs in the United States and Canada. A variety of demographic and common-interest questions were asked. For the first time, an individual resident questionnaire also was included. Results. Completed surveys from 53 programs (42%) were returned. The percentage of female residents was similar to that reported in other recent surveys. Resident salaries continued to increase. Residency selection remained highly competitive. Residents indicated that the utility of a fellowship in radiology exceeded the utility of clinical training in other fields prior to the radiology residency. Residents agreed with recommendations by the American Association of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology concerning proposed changes in the American Board of Radiology (ABR) examinations. Conclusion. The information derived from the surveys on resident selection, the utility of preradiology clinical training, and the ABR examination may be useful for residents, program directors, and departmental chairs.
Use of Analogy in Computer Language Acquisition.

AbstractThis paper describes a preliminary study of the use of analogic reasoning in learning a new computer language. Subjects read text describing an invented LISP dialect, and then solved simple problems and described language constructs on the basis of the test. The experimental subjects all had programming experience in FORTRAN77 and Pascal, and were concurrently studying assembly language. Six factors indicating use of analogy with a familiar computer language were studied: correctness, occurrences of three-control constructs, FORTRAN style expression treatment, and FORTRAN/Pascal style argument handling. Of these factors, four showed statistically significant results, and one additional factor proved highly significant. Hence the results support the hypothesis that students use analogies in learning new languages.
Uncover transcription factor mediated gene regulations using Bayesian nonnegative factor models

Transcriptional regulation by transcription factors (TFs) controls when and how much RNA is created. Due to technical limitations, the protein level expressions of TFs are usually unknown, making computational reconstruction of transcriptional network a difficult task. We proposed here a novel Bayesian non-negative factor analysis approach, which is capable to estimate both the non-negative abundances of the transcription factors, their regulatory effects, and sample clustering information by integrating microarray data and existing knowledge regarding TFs regulated target genes; further more, we show that the approach can be slightly altered to include miRNA regulations as well. The results demonstrated its validity and effectiveness to reconstructing transcriptional networks by transcription factors through artificial and real data.
Heavy ion initial conditions and correlations between higher moments in the spatial anisotropy

Fluctuations in the initial conditions for relativistic heavy ion collisions are proving to be crucial to understanding final state flow and jet quenching observables. The initial geometry has been parametrized in terms of moments in the spatial anisotropy (i.e., ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2},{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{3},{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{4},{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{5},\dots{}$), and it has been stated in multiple published articles that the vector directions of odd moments are uncorrelated with the even moments and the reaction place angle. In this article, we demonstrate that this is incorrect and that a substantial nonzero correlation exists between the even and odd moments in peripheral $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions. These correlations persist for all centralities, though at a very small level for the 0--$55%$ most central collisions.
An algorithmic approach to combining belief functions

Methods of combination are used to synthesize pieces of evidence of equal standing that represent different aspects of a specific system about which a diagnosis is to be made. Combination is distinct from consensus, when complete diagnoses rendered by different knowledge sources require synthesis, and conditionalization, where pieces of evidence to be synthesized have dissymmetric relationships to each other. The Demps-ter-Shafer Rule is the quintessential combination method. However, it has been criticized for its inability to handle inconsistent pieces of evidence and for the way it focuses the weight of evidence. This article presents an alternative combination method that is capable of handling inconsistent evidence and relates evidence focusing to the amount of information resident in pieces of evidence. The method is capable of combining belief functions. Future research should address extending the method to the combination of a broad class of imprecise probability functions.
Response to Comment on "Differential Rescue of Light- and Food-Entrainable Circadian Rhythms"

The points raised by Mistlberger et al . arise from a shortcoming in their approach, namely, that they measure the response to food restriction by using food-seeking behavior, which is confounded by homeostatic inputs. We used unrelated circadian-driven physiological responses, and we stand by our finding that the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus contains a food-entrainable oscillator that is sufficient for entrainment of circadian rhythms of body temperature and locomotor activity.
Light-induced changes of phosphorus bonding configurations in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

We report the direct observation of a metastable substitutional phosphorus state in hydrogenated amorphous silicon by nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. The fourfold site is identified from the spectra's characteristic chemical shift. The substitutional site is removed by "light-soaking" the film and created by low-temperature annealing. Phosphorus relaxation-time measurements indicate Raman processes dominate the spin-lattice relaxation of the phosphorus nuclei.
Effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on immune responses in fish: Change in melanomacrophage centers in flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) exposed to hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments

Abstract There is presently considerable debate on whether the concentrations of xenobiotics commonly found in the environment are high enough to affect immune functions in humans or other animal populations. Only a limited number of immunotoxicity studies have been carried out with fish. 1–3 Melanomacrophage centers (MMC) represent the primitive analogs of lymph nodes in mammals and are believed to be an integral component of the cellular immune system in fish. 4 We investigated the potential for change in MMC in a long-term study with winter flounder exposed to sediments contaminated with a petroleum source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Numbers of MMC were reduced in liver tissues of fish exposed to total PAH concentrations in the 25–50 μg/g (ppm) range and higher. Results support the hypothesis that PAH concentrations in heavily polluted harbors (and similar) may be sufficiently high to affect immune responses in fish.
Towards scaling laws in random polycrystals

Abstract We propose a methodology to set up unifying scaling laws describing the response of multifarious random polycrystals. The methodology employed falls in the realm of stochastic micro-mechanics and is consistent with the Hill condition. Within this framework, we introduce the concept of a scaling function that describes “finite size scaling” of both elastic and inelastic crystalline aggregates. While the finite size is represented by the mesoscale, the scaling function depends on an appropriate measure quantifying the single crystal anisotropy. Based on the scaling function, we construct a material scaling diagram, from which one can assess the approach to a representative volume element (RVE) for many different polycrystals. We demonstrate these concepts on the scaling of the fourth-rank elasticity and the second-rank thermal conductivity tensors.
Inversion of molecular rate data with effective optical potentials: K + CH3I reactions

Abstract In this paper we explore and develop the possibility of inverting kinetic data through effective optical potentials. Using arguments based on the so-called optical model of reaction dynamics, but without actually explicitly determining the effective potential, it is possible to carry out an inversion and correlation of molecular dynamics experiments. For example, by making a single reasonable assumption concerning the general features of the effective potential, one can invert the total reaction cross section as a function of collision energy to obtain reaction probabilities as a function of both impact parameter and energy for the reactions of K with CH3I. Although the present technique represents only a lowest order approximation to the optical inversion of molecular kinetics experiments, there is good agreement with the trajectory calculations of LaBudde et al. Furthermore, it should be possible to improve upon the method, either by a more explicit determination of the properties of the optical potential or by using a more rigorously defined effective potential for the inversion process.
An Integral Equation Solution for Limit Loads Applied to Lugs on Cylindrical Shells

A lower-bound limit analysis of loaded integral lugs on cylindrical shells is presented. Normal force and circumferential and longitudinal moment loadings on the lug are considered. The equilibrium solution, necessary for a lower bound, is obtained as a convolution integral of the concentrated load solutions of linear shallow shell theory. The load distribution is chosen to satisfy the yield condition everywhere, while maximizing the load
Consensus symposium on combined antiviral therapy; overview of interferon and IL-2 combinations for the treatment of HIV infection.

Abstract Among the immunomodulatory cytokines that have been evaluated for the treatment of HIV disease, α-interferon and interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been the most extensively studied. Monotherapy with α-interferon is effective therapy for HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in patients with CD4 counts > 150 cells/mm 3 . However, the doses necessary to achieve a significant anti-tumor effect are often poorly tolerated. Combination therapy with α-interferon and zidovudine is associated with dose-limiting toxicities and an anti-tumor effect similar to that of higher dose α-interferon monotherapy. The combination of α-interferon and zidovudine can synergistically inhibit HIV replication in vitro; however, in vivo results suggest the anti-HIV effect of this combination is no greater than that seen with zidovudine monotherapy. Whether combination of interferon-α and other antiviral drugs will be useful in the treatment of HIV infection remains to be seen. Recent studies employing intermittent courses of IL-2 combined with continuous antiretroviral therapy indicate that sustained rises in CD4 counts can be achieved. The ability of IL-2 therapy to result in a sustained rise in CD4 counts is critically dependent on the pre-treatment CD4 count. The immunologic and clinical significance of these IL-2-induced increases in CD4 counts is unknown. Larger, controlled trials are currently underway to evaluate the role of intermittent IL-2 therapy in HIV infection.
The water permeability of erythrocytes.

Abstract 1. 1. We have used a stopped-flow rapid-reaction apparatus to record rapid changes in light transmission of cell suspensions following abrupt alterations in osmolality. These changes in osmolality can be related to average cell volume to give the kinetics of water transfer. 2. 2. The sudden cessation of forward movement of a cell suspension in the apparatus, in the absence of any change in osmolality, produced a consistent pattern of variation in light transmission which we reduced in magnitude but could not eliminate completely by the introduction of glass capillaries into the observation tube. Therefore in each experiment a control record following the mixing of the cell suspension under study with isosmotic fluid was obtained and subtracted from the record following a change in osmolality. 3. 3. Water permeability, P w , of human red cells at room temperature averaged 0.30 cm 4 /osm·sec during exosmosis and 0.36 cm 4 /osm·sec during endosmosis. P w decreased with increasing extracellular osmolality according to the regression, P w = 0.41 – 0.00029 mosm/l. P w did not vary with changes in intracellular osmolality although a slight dependency could not be ruled out. 4. 4. P w for horse red cells: −0.28 − 0.00026 × extracellular osmolality (mosm/l). P w for nucleated eel and chicken cells averaged 0.054 cm 4 /osm·sec, one-fifth of that for human cells, and in the case of the eel cells only, did not vary with extracellular osmolality. 5. 5. From arguments based in part on measurements of the rates of gas exchange of red cells, we conclude that any stagnant layer of fluid must be less than 1 μ thick. 6. 6. If the cell membranes are heterogeneous in the direction of water flux and water permeability varies with osmolality to a different degree in the different layers, our experimental results are explicable by classical diffusion theory.
A Power-Efficient FPGA-Based Mixture-of-Gaussian (MoG) Background Subtraction for Full-HD Resolution

System-level mixed-criticality design towards low product cost and high resource efficiency. This paper studies the integration technology of mixed-criticality avionics traffics for Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) network, which can transmit both critical traffics and non-critical traffics. In the architecture, critical traffics use by Bandwidth Allocation Gap (BAG) based scheduler and non-critical traffics are scheduled by Round Robin manner. In order to estimate delay bound meeting requirements of applications, End-to-End delay for both critical traffics and non-critical traffics are analyzed exerting the approach of Network Calculus. Finally, a True Time based simulation of AFDX networks is conducted to show the effectiveness of proposed approach.
Aggravation of epilepsy by antiepileptic drugs.

Antiepileptic drugs may paradoxically worsen seizure frequency or induce new seizure types in some patients with epilepsy. The mechanisms of seizure aggravation by antiepileptic drugs are mostly unknown and may be related to specific pharmacodynamic properties of these drugs. This article provides a review of the various clinical circumstances of seizure exacerbation and aggravation of epilepsy by antiepileptic drugs as well as a discussion of possible mechanisms underlying the occasional paradoxical effect of these drugs. Antiepileptic drug–induced seizure aggravation can occur virtually with all antiepileptic medications. Drugs that aggravate seizures are more likely to have only one or two mechanisms of action, either enhanced γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated transmission or blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels. Antiepileptic drug–induced seizure exacerbation should be considered and the accuracy of diagnosis of the seizure type should be questioned whenever there is seizure worsening or the appearance of new seizure types after the introduction of any antiepileptic medication.
On Deconstructing and Reconstructing Masculinity–Femininity ☆

Abstract Based on a review of past research, a model is presented that integrates the study of masculinity–femininity (M-F), masculinity (M), and femininity (F) with the broader study of personality and individual differences. The model conceptualizes gender-related traits in terms of (1) the vocational/interest circumplex and (2) the Big Five and interpersonal circumplex models of personality. The first approach yields M-F as a bipolar trait that overlaps substantially with the People–Things dimension of vocational interests, and the second yields M primarily as instrumentality (or agency) and F as expressiveness (or communion). In the present model M-F, M, and F are each cohesive trait dimensions that show substantial discriminant validity from one another. M-F correlates with a number of important criteria, including self- and other-rated M-F, sexual orientation, transsexual vs nontranssexual status, scholastic aptitude and achievement, mortality risk, and social dominance and prejudice in men. M (instrumentality) and F (expressiveness) correlate most strongly with interpersonal kinds of behavior and adjustment. The current model resolves a number of theoretical controversies and suggests directions for future research.
Anxiety and risk of type 2 diabetes: Evidence from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study

Objective Depression is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and is also commonly comorbid with anxiety. However, few studies have examined whether anxiety is predictive of diabetes risk. The objectives of this study are to examine the prospective relationship between anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, and agoraphobia) and risk of type 2 diabetes over an 11-year period, and to investigate the association between anxiety and risk of diabetes-related complications among those with prevalent type 2 diabetes.
The midsummer crustacean plankton communities of seven small impoundments

The crustacean zooplankton communities of seven, small, eutrophic West Virginian impoundments were examined during midsummer. The more eutrophic lakes had as dominants, 2 cyclopoid, 1 calanoid, and 2 cladoceran species. Cluster analysis showed that the 4 more eutrophic lakes clustered together, further cluster analysis showed there was a very similar group of 5 species which characterized the most eutrophic lakes. Principal components analysis showed that the more eutrophic lakes were characterized by having more cyclopoids and cladocerans than calanoids. Niche breadth showed that the most often dominant species had much higher ⊝ values than the species ohich could be considered secondary dominants.
Curriculum Adaptation: A Five-Step Process for Classroom Implementation

Recent calls for increased education for students with special learning needs in general and special education classrooms, greater teacher accountability, and curricular mandates challenge even the most experienced educator in the overall process of curriculum implementation. Specifically, various state-or district-level mandates pertaining to curriculum development, implementation, and evaluation have emerged in recent years. At the classroom level, teaching practices related to curriculum implementation must be carried out within the parameters established by these mandates. One option available to educators to assist in meeting the various curriculum implementation demands is the practice of adapting curriculum. The need to adapt or modify curriculum in today's classrooms is currently widespread and involves careful teacher decision making. Various elements of the total curriculum implementation process may be affected when curricular adaptations are implemented. In order to effectively implement curriculum, which includes appropriate adaptations, the proper
Evolution of cis -regulatory sequence and function in Diptera

Cis-regulatory sequences direct patterns of gene expression essential for development and physiology. Evolutionary changes in these sequences contribute to phenotypic divergence. Despite their importance, cis-regulatory regions remain one of the most enigmatic features of the genome. Patterns of sequence evolution can be used to identify cis-regulatory elements, but the power of this approach depends upon the relationship between sequence and function. Comparative studies of gene regulation among Diptera reveal that divergent sequences can underlie conserved expression, and that expression differences can evolve despite largely similar sequences. This complex structure-function relationship is the primary impediment for computational identification and interpretation of cis-regulatory sequences. Biochemical characterization and in vivo assays of cis-regulatory sequences on a genomic-scale will relieve this barrier.
Rotating raster character recognition system

Considerable effort in the past few years has been spent in the theoretical development of statistical decision theory.1 In applying this theory to pattern recognition two major problems become immediately apparent. The first problem is to decide which statistical properties are significant (and reasonably independent) for the patterns involved. The second is to choose the means of instrumentation in using these statistics for decision making.
Excision of heterotopic bone around the elbow.

ABSTRACTHeterotopic ossification about the elbow is common and sometimes contributes to a disabling loss of motion. The traditional trepidation and pessimism regarding surgical excision of heterotopic bone is giving way to a realization that operative treatment is successful in most cases and dramat
Comparative finite element analysis of the stress-strain states in three different bonded solid oxide fuel cell seal designs

Abstract One of the critical issues in designing and fabricating a high performance planar solid oxide fuel cell (pSOFC) stack is the development of the appropriate materials and techniques for hermetically sealing the metal and ceramic components. A second critical issue is ensuring that the brittle ceramic cell constituents, i.e. the electrodes and electrolyte, exhibit high mechanical reliability by mitigating potential sources of thermal-mechanically induced stresses that can lead to fracture during operation and/or shutdown. A foil-based sealing approach is currently being developed that appears to offer good hermeticity and mechanical integrity, while minimizing the generation of high stresses in either of the joint's substrate materials. Based on the concept's viability, demonstrated in prior experimental work, numerical analyses were conducted to evaluate the behavior and benefits of the seal in a configuration prototypic of current pSOFC stack designs. This paper presents recent results from finite element (FE) simulations of a planar cell using the foil-based seal, along with companion analyses of the more conventionally employed glass-ceramic and brazed joints. The stresses and deformations of the components were evaluated at isothermal operating and shutdown temperatures. The results indicate that the foil seal is able to accommodate a significant degree of thermal mismatch strain between the metallic support structure and the ceramic cell via elastic deformations of the foil and plasticity in the foil-to-cell braze layer. Consequently the cell stresses in this type of seal are predicted to be much lower than those in the glass-ceramic and brazed designs, which is expected to lead to improved stack reliability. This ability to accommodate large thermal strain mismatches allows the design requirement of thermal expansion matching between ceramic and metal stack components to be relaxed and expands the list of candidate materials that can be considered for the metal frames and interconnects.
Hematology: Treatment strategies for pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma.

The optimal age-specific treatment approach for adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is controversial. Here we discuss the results of a recent retrospective analysis that compared the outcomes for adolescents with those of young adults with HL treated with regimens normally recommended for adults. The investigators conclude that adult treatment protocols are a safe and effective treatment option for adolescents with HL, but the results do not consider late treatment toxicity that may impact quality of life and survival.
Pediatric Patients with Asthma: A High-Risk Population for Subsequent Hospitalization

Objectives. Asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions among children and is one of the leading causes for pediatric hospitalizations. More evidence is needed to clarify the risks of repeat hospitalization and the underlying factors contributing to adverse health outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized with asthma. The purpose of this study was to examine the risk of subsequent hospitalizations among pediatric patients hospitalized with asthma compared to a reference cohort of children hospitalized for all other diagnoses. Methods. The Washington State (WA) Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System (CHARS) was used to obtain data for the study. Data describing 81,946 hospitalized pediatric patients admitted from 2004 to 2008 were available. The risk of subsequent hospitalization among children admitted for asthma as compared to a reference cohort was examined. Results. The asthma cohort had a 33% (HR = 1.33 [99% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.46]; p < .001) increased risk of subseq...
Marketization and Poland's Transfer Payments

This study will examine the effects of Poland's transition on structural and policy changes in the primary categories of central government transfer payments, family assistance programs, pensions, and unemployment benefits. In this paper, changes in the structure of transfer payments for 1990 through 1997 will be quantified, and the relevant programs are described. This paper also examines the regulatory and policy framework of transfer payments. The welfare effects of transfer payment changes on Poland's different societal groups will be calculated, and certain policy recommendations are presented.
Organo f-Element Thermochemistry. Thorium-Ligand Bond Disruption Enthalpies in Tris(cyclopentadienyl)thorium Hydrocarbyls

Mesure des enthalpies de rupture des liaisons Th-coordinat sur les complexes Cp 3 ThR (R=groupe alkyl), par calorimetrie anaerobie
Gene copy number variations: it is important to determine which allele is affected

Copy number variations (CNVs) are one of the primary sources of variation found in the human genome. They involve both the deletion and multi plication of DNA segments [1]. In the human genome, there are thousands of copy number variable regions that range from 100 bp to several Mb pairs [2]. The human genome project revealed that many regions of the genome have CNVs and that some are more common than others [1,3]. According to the Database of Genomic Variants [3], there are 66,741 catalogued CNVs from a total of 15,963 CNV loci (accessed in December, 2010). CNVs have been increasingly implicated in a number of diseases including cancer, developmental diseases, mental illness, autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases [4,5]. The importance of CNVs in genes controlling drug metabolism has been appreciated for many years. A partial list of those affected include UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 and 2B28 genes (UGT2B17 and UGT2B28) [6], sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULTA1) [7], glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genes (GSTT1 and GSTM1) [8], CYP2A6 [9] and CYP2D6 [10]. In fact, UGT2B28, UGT2B17, CYP2A6, GSTM1 and GSTT1 are among the most commonly deleted genes in the human genome [6].
Photon emission from very high energy nuclear collisions.

The number of high transverse momentum photons emitted by a free-streaming quark-gluon plasma created in a collision between heavy nuclei at energies reached at the CERN SPS, BNL RHIC, or CERN LHC is computed assuming a production-time momentum distribution that is exponential. Comparison to a hydrodynamically expanding plasma with the same initial conditions indicates that the photon yield is relatively insensitive to parton rescattering. The expected background coming from the decay of neutral pions is also computed and compared to the direct yield. Direct photons generally dominate decay photons for transverse momenta greater than 5 GeV.