cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulatory insertion removal restores maturation, stability and function of ΔF508 CFTR

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) epithelial anion channel is a large multidomain membrane protein that matures inefficiently during biosynthesis. Its assembly is further perturbed by the deletion of F508 from the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) responsible for most cystic fibrosis. The mutant polypeptide is recognized by cellular quality control systems and is proteolyzed. CFTR NBD1 contains a 32-residue segment termed the regulatory insertion (RI) not present in other ATP-binding cassette transporters. We report here that RI deletion enabled F508 CFTR to mature and traffic to the cell surface where it mediated regulated anion efflux and exhibited robust single chloride channel activity. Long-term pulse-chase experiments showed that the mature DeltaRI/DeltaF508 had a T(1/2) of approximately 14 h in cells, similar to the wild type. RI deletion restored ATP occlusion by NBD1 of DeltaF508 CFTR and had a strong thermostabilizing influence on the channel with gating up to at least 40 degrees C. None of these effects of RI removal were achieved by deletion of only portions of RI. Discrete molecular dynamics simulations of NBD1 indicated that RI might indirectly influence the interaction of NBD1 with the rest of the protein by attenuating the coupling of the F508-containing loop with the F1-like ATP-binding core subdomain so that RI removal overcame the perturbations caused by F508 deletion. Restriction of RI to a particular conformational state may ameliorate the impact of the disease-causing mutation.
Finite Element Formulation for Thick Sandwich Plates on an Elastic Foundation

To construct a plate theory for a thick transversely compressible sandwich plate with composite laminated face sheets, the authors make simplifying assumptions regarding distribution of transverse strain components in the thickness direction. It is assumed that the transverse strains (i.e., e xz , e yz , and e zz ) do not vary in the thickness direction within the face sheets and the core, but can be different functions of the in-plane coordinates in different sublaminates (the face sheets and the core). An algorithm, which takes account of damage progression in dynamic problems, is incorporated into the computational scheme based on the geometrically nonlinear formulation and is applied to failure analysis of a sandwich plate under ground impact. In the finite element analysis of sandwich plates with small thickness-to-length ratios, the shear locking phenomenon does not occur. The model of the sandwich plate, presented in this paper, does not require many degrees of freedom in the finite element computations and has a wide range of applicability: It can be applied to the sandwich plates with a wide range of ratios of thickness to the in-plane dimensions, with both thin and thick face sheets (as compared to the thickness of the core) and to the sandwich plates with both transversely rigid and transversely compressible face sheets and cores.
Production of Rhizobium Inoculants for Lupinus nootkatensis on Nutrient-Supplemented Pumice

The use of the legume Lupinus nootkatensis as a pioneer plant to fight soil erosion and to reclaim eroded soils in Iceland has been under development for a few years. Production of a robust, low-cost bacterial inoculant was therefore a prerequisite for the extended use of this plant. Volcanic pumice is a naturally expanded mineral which is available in vast amounts in Iceland. It was tested as a carrier for solid fermentation of Rhizobium lupini. Nutrient-supplemented pumice containing a small percentage of peat and diatomaceous earth and kept in sterile plastic bags promoted good growth of the bacteria. Viable-colony counts remained stable at 108 to 109/g for at least 35 weeks when the carrier was stored at 22°C. The pumice-based inoculant had good storage and handling properties and could be mixed directly with the seeds during the sowing process. When seeds of L. nootkatensis were sown manually into nutrient-poor eroded sandy soils, about 56% of the first-year plants were successfully nodulated.
On the Optimum Design of PCM Signals with System Constraints

This paper considers the design of PCM signals with system constraints using Pontryagin's maximum principle. The transmitter signal as well as the correlation signal are determined while maximizing the output signal-to-noise ratio. Both the single and three-pole transmitter filters are considered. An upper bound has been obtained on the performance of PCM signals with constraints.
A spectral-element/finite-element analysis of a ship-like structure subjected to an underwater explosion

The practicability of an improved procedure for simulating the response of a surface ship to an underwater explosion is demonstrated by examining transient responses for a 31,000-degree-of-freedom finite-element model of ship-like structure. The fluid model employs spectral elements of various order, and models the cavitating fluid as a nonlinear acoustic medium with a bilinear bulk modulus. The number of fluid degrees of freedom ranges from 10 5 to 10 7 . Also studied is the viability of dramatic mesh truncation, which is essential to the feasibility of the procedure. The results indicate that useful simulations may be performed on a modern PC when all of the resource-conserving improvements are fully exploited. � 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A recursive workspace balancing controller for a 3D multibody model of a biped

Describes a balancing controller for a 3D multibody model of human walking. The objective is to develop predictive models of human motion. The models are to include reaction to disturbances. This model-based controller forms a model using a recursive formulation of workspace control. The recursive techniques free the control designer from generating the complicated equations of motion. The paper describes first the biped model and then the recursive workspace controller. Simulation results of the human model reacting to a disturbance are presented.
Improved FDTD subgridding algorithms via digital filtering and domain overriding

In numerical simulations of Maxwell's equations for problems with disparate geometric scales, it is often advantageous to use grids of varying densities over different portions of the computational domain. In simulations involving structured finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) grids, this strategy is often referred as subgridding (SG). Although SG can lead to major computational savings, it is known to cause instabilities, spurious reflections, and other accuracy problems. In this paper, we introduce two strategies to combat these problems. First, we present an overlapped SG (OSG) approach combined with digital filters (in space). OSG can recover standard SG (SSG) schemes but it is based upon a more general, explicit separation between interpolation/decimation operations and the FDTD field update itself. This allows for a better classification of errors associated with the subgrid interface. More importantly, digital filters and phase matching techniques can be then employed to combat those errors. Second, we introduce SG with a domain overriding (SG-DO) strategy, consisting of overlapped (sub)grid regions that contain auxiliary (buffer) subdomains with perfectly matched layers (PML) to allow explicit control on the reflection and transmission properties at SG interfaces. We provide two-dimensional (2-D) numerical examples showing that residual errors from 2-D SG-DO FDTD simulations can be significantly reduced when compared to SSG schemes.
An exploration of proximity measures in information retrieval

In most existing retrieval models, documents are scored primarily based on various kinds of term statistics such as within-document frequencies, inverse document frequencies, and document lengths. Intuitively, the proximity of matched query terms in a document can also be exploited to promote scores of documents in which the matched query terms are close to each other. Such a proximity heuristic, however, has been largely under-explored in the literature; it is unclear how we can model proximity and incorporate a proximity measure into an existing retrieval model. In this paper,we systematically explore the query term proximity heuristic. Specifically, we propose and study the effectiveness of five different proximity measures, each modeling proximity from a different perspective. We then design two heuristic constraints and use them to guide us in incorporating the proposed proximity measures into an existing retrieval model. Experiments on five standard TREC test collections show that one of the proposed proximity measures is indeed highly correlated with document relevance, and by incorporating it into the KL-divergence language model and the Okapi BM25 model, we can significantly improve retrieval performance.
Therapeutic Silencing of KRAS using Systemically Delivered siRNAs

Despite being among the most common oncogenes in human cancer, to date, there are no effective clinical options for inhibiting KRAS activity. We investigated whether systemically delivered KRAS siRNAs have therapeutic potential in KRAS-mutated cancer models. We identified KRAS siRNA sequences with notable potency in knocking down KRAS expression. Using lung and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, we assessed antiproliferative effects of KRAS silencing in vitro. For in vivo experiments, we used a nanoliposomal delivery platform, DOPC, for systemic delivery of siRNAs. Various lung and colon cancer models were used to determine efficacy of systemic KRAS siRNA based on tumor growth, development of metastasis, and downstream signaling. KRAS siRNA sequences induced >90% knockdown of KRAS expression, significantly reducing viability in mutant cell lines. In the lung cancer model, KRAS siRNA treatment demonstrated significant reductions in primary tumor growth and distant metastatic disease, while the addition of CDDP was not additive. Significant reductions in Ki-67 indices were seen in all treatment groups, whereas significant increases in caspase-3 activity were only seen in the CDDP treatment groups. In the colon cancer model, KRAS siRNA reduced tumor KRAS and pERK expression. KRAS siRNAs significantly reduced HCP1 subcutaneous tumor growth, as well as outgrowth of liver metastases. Our studies demonstrate a proof-of-concept approach to therapeutic KRAS targeting using nanoparticle delivery of siRNA. This study highlights the potential translational impact of therapeutic RNA interference, which may have broad applications in oncology, especially for traditional "undruggable" targets.
Monitoring late-onset toxicities in phase I trials using predicted risks

Late-onset (LO) toxicities are a serious concern in many phase I trials. Since most dose-limiting toxicities occur soon after therapy begins, most dose-finding methods use a binary indicator of toxicity occurring within a short initial time period. If an agent causes LO toxicities, however, an undesirably large number of patients may be treated at toxic doses before any toxicities are observed. A method addressing this problem is the time-to-event continual reassessment method (TITE-CRM, Cheung and Chappell, 2000). We propose a Bayesian dose-finding method similar to the TITE-CRM in which doses are chosen using time-to-toxicity data. The new aspect of our method is a set of rules, based on predictive probabilities, that temporarily suspend accrual if the risk of toxicity at prospective doses for future patients is unacceptably high. If additional follow-up data reduce the predicted risk of toxicity to an acceptable level, then accrual is restarted, and this process may be repeated several times during the trial. A simulation study shows that the proposed method provides a greater degree of safety than the TITE-CRM, while still reliably choosing the preferred dose. This advantage increases with accrual rate, but the price of this additional safety is that the trial takes longer to complete on average.
Planters and Merchants: The Oliver Family of Antigua and London 1716–1784

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Business History in 1971, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/00076797100000021.
Academic Advising: ERIC as a Resource.

As higher education institutions have come to attract and recruit more nontraditional students, campus-based academic advisors are being called on to respond to a greater variety of needs. At the same time, the advising profession's growth has prompted an increase in literature on serving student and institutional needs. Identifying that literature and making it available to administrators, faculty, and students is one way ERIC can serve the academic advising community. This article first will describe the ERIC information system, its clearinghouses and structure, its procedures and products, and the special services of the Clearinghouse on Higher Education. Then it will list representative publications from the ERIC database relative to the field of academic advising.
Adaptations of Crustose Coralline Algae to Herbivory: Patterns in Space and Time

Crustose coralline algae are among the most abundant organisms (plant or animal) to occupy hard substratum within the photic zone. In fact, the Holocene may be the “Age of Crustose Corallines,” since corallines are more diverse and abundant than ever before. This is also a period of maximum intensity of herbivory. The radiation of crustose corallines and coralline grazing herbivores are temporally correlated. Ecological and paleontological research suggests that crustose corallines and herbivores have “diffusely” coevolved to attain their current preeminance.
Does Article Order Influence Impact

Why are certain articles more impactful than others? Citations are seen as an objective measure of scholarship and are used to determine everything from hiring and tenure to journal prestige and grant funding. But might mere article order (i.e., appearance in a journal issue) bias the number of citations an article receives? Might appearing earlier (e.g. first) lead articles to be cited more frequently? Analysis of 25 years of citation data indicates not only (1) that articles which appear earlier receive more citations, but that (2) this effect is likely a result of psychological biases in attention and memory: Earlier articles should benefit from primacy effects, which should lead them to be cited more. The findings suggest that article order not only reflects editors' perception of quality, but also influences the prominence research achieves. The results contribute to the marketing literature and deepen understanding around the drivers of article impact. They also have important implications for the management of journals, usage of citations as a decision metric, and position effects in marketing practice more generally.
High-Dielectric-Constant PLZT Films on Metal Foils for Embedded Passives

Ceramic film capacitors with high dielectric constant and high breakdown strength would result in advanced power electronic devices with higher performance, improved reliability, and enhanced volumetric and gravimetric efficiencies. We have grown ferroelectric films of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) on base metal foils by chemical solution deposition. Their dielectric properties were characterized over the temperature range between −50 and 150°C. We measured a dielectric constant of ≈700 and dielectric loss of ≈0.07 at −50°C and a dielectric constant of ≈2200 and dielectric loss of ≈0.06 at 150°C. At room temperature, we measured a leakage current density of ≈6.6 × 10−9 A/cm2, mean breakdown strength of 2.6 MV/cm, and energy density >85 J/cm3. A series of highly accelerated lifetime tests (HALT) was performed to determine the reliability of these PLZT film-on-foil capacitors under high temperature and high field stress conditions. Samples were exposed to temperatures ranging from 100 to 150°C an...
Multichannel Recording and Analysis of Physiological Data Using a Personal Computer

A flexible data acquisition system was designed for an Apple IIe computer. For implementation, we used a microcomputer capable of recording 4 channels simultaneously with a selectable sample rate; this information was saved on a floppy disc and the recordings could be evaluated later. This evaluation is accomplished by reproducing the analog signals on display and calculating a histogram after deleting artefacts in the signal.
Design of adaptive domain-specific modeling languages for model-driven mobile application development

The use of a DSL is a common approach to support cross-platform development of mobile applications. However, most DSL-based approaches suffer from a number of limitations such as poor performance. Furthermore, DSLs that are written ab initio are not able to access the capabilities supported by the native platforms. This paper presents a novel approach of using an adaptive domain-specific modeling language (ADSML) to support model-driven development of cross-platform mobile applications. We will discuss the techniques in the design of an ADSML for developing mobile applications targeting the Android and iOS platforms, including meta-model extraction, meta-model elevation, and meta-model alignment. Our approach is capable of generating high performance native applications; is able to access the full capabilities of the native platforms; and is adaptable to the rapid evolutions of its target platforms.
Extraction behaviors of uranyl peroxo cage clusters by mesoporous silica SBA-15

Sorption of soluble uranyl peroxo cage clusters (U60 [UO2(O2)(OH)] 60 60− and U24Pp [(UO2)24(O2)24(P2O7)12]48−) by mesoporous sorbent SBA-15 has been studied. Sorption kinetics of U60 and U24Pp are both best described by a pseudo-second-order model. However, only in the U60 sorption, intraparticle diffusion is the rate-determining step, and both pore size and pore volume of SBA-15 positively influence the U sorption capacity. Sorption isotherms of U60 and U24Pp are better fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. The differences of sorption behaviors between two clusters by SBA-15 may result from differences of the sizes and terminal ligands of the clusters.
Serial Marriage and the Origins of the Black Stepfamily: The Rowanty Evidence

Whether intended or not, an impression conveyed by Herbert G. Gutman's enormously important monograph, The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925, is that bondage had less an impact than previously imagined on the post-Civil War household structure and family composition of American blacks. The Gutman model, if one may infer such a thing, posits the existence of relatively "normal" (or "traditional") families and kinship networks among slaves, despite widespread domestic disruption caused by high death rates and by the common occurrence of forced termination of slave unions by sale. When at last it came, emancipation provided ex-slaves the opportunity to reconstitute broken families, to obtain legal sanction for their marriages, and in other ways to indulge powerful familial impulses that had been only partially realizable under slavery. From bondage the black family passed resolutely into freedom, its demographic health less damaged by slavery than it would be by Gilded Age racial discrimination and economic deprivation. I If closely examined, however, this implicit model will be seen to rest mainly on Gutman's remarkable success-a pioneering effort for which he was known long before the appearance of the book-in destroying the sociological assumption that the female-headed black household emerged directly from slavery. Critics have questioned Gutman's methods in statistically discounting matrifocality, and they and others have noted that the black single-parent household became ubiquitous as early as 1880 in urban areas, at least in the North.2 But
Investigation of a Pseudo-outbreak of Aspergillus versicolor in Corneal Specimens

Corneal scrapings from 4 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department for corneal ulcer stained positively for septate hyphae and grew Aspergillus versicolor . An investigation was conducted to determine whether this represented true corneal infection or a contaminant and to locate the organism source. A collaborative team from the clinical laboratory, infection control, and ophthalmology …
First-Attempt Intubation Success of Video Laryngoscopy in Patients with Anticipated Difficult Direct Laryngoscopy: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the C-MAC D-Blade Versus the GlideScope in a Mixed Provider and Diverse Patient Population.

BACKGROUND:Intubation success in patients with predicted difficult airways is improved by video laryngoscopy. In particular, acute-angle video laryngoscopes are now frequently chosen for endotracheal intubation in these patients. However, there is no evidence concerning whether different acute-angle
Review on domestic published papers regarding the acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and its relations with rabies vaccination

To explore whether the case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) who had been inoculated with rabies vaccination reported in domestic literatures were related to the vaccination. Data on 1368 cases of ADEM (from 99 papers) were collected by computer from the Chinese Journal Full-text Database in CNKI and Wanfang database with the key words of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis/rabies vaccination/abnormal reaction in preventive vaccination during 1995 and 2011. All the cases were divided into the two queues according to the situation of rabies vaccination. Cohort study was used to analyze the relations between ADEM and vaccination. The incidence of ADEM, standardized by age that having received immunization with rabies vaccine, was 9.41/1 million person year, higher than 0.29/1 million person year (u = 428.35, P < 0.01) among those who had not. Among people who had been inoculated, the adjusted RR value of cause ADEM was 31.05 (95%CI: 26.33 - 36.62). RR values increased along with the times of rabies vaccine injection. Correlation was seen between inoculated rabies vaccine and ADEM.
Reviving audience studies

ABSTRACTAudience measurement data are increasingly central to what many media corporations produce, yet much of these data are inaccessible to scholars. I therefore argue that cultural studies is in need of an audience studies revival. Fan studies continues at strength, but a wider range of audience studies is required to counter and to interrogate the occasional proclamations that companies such as Netflix, Facebook, and Google share with us about audiences and users.
The Role of Academic Student Services in the Retention of American Indian Students at a Sub-Baccalaureate Technical College

Perceptions of graduating American Indian students at a mainstream sub-baccalaureate technical college about how support from academic student services had helped them learn and persist in their studies were solicited. Bean’s (2005) themes of college student retention served as the framework for the inquiry. Findings indicate that (1) academic student services contribute to institutional fit and the development of key attitudes in students, and (2) academic student services are seen as a service to students, meaning that students want help to be easy to find and always available and employees to function less as university employees and more as their advocates in navigating university bureaucracy and program requirements.
Cellular differentiation, cell lineages, and transposable genetic cassettes in yeast.

Publisher Summary This chapter considers the present work and views on three topics: (1) cell type determination by the mating type locus; (2) switching of cell types by cassette transposition; and (3) control of the switching process. The control of cell type determination in yeast provides an example of two important gene control processes. First, it shows that the mating type locus is the cellular master regulatory locus that determines cell type. Studies of the molecular mechanisms by which the products of the mating type locus act promise to reveal much about the way in which eukaryotic genes are regulated. Second, these studies show how such a master regulatory locus is controlled–in this case by the position of the genetic cassette in the genome. Genetic studies of sex determination in Drosophila and nematodes are revealing other master organismal regulatory loci.
Comparison of various error-detecting and error-correcting encodings of reversible automata built from irreversible state tables using EPOE circuits with EXOR lattices

This paper presents a new approach to synthesize reversible (quantum permutative) automata from standard state tables. It uses various variants of error-detecting and error-correcting encodings. Next, a combination of recently introduced “EPOE circuits” as well as EXOR Lattices are used for synthesis. The goal is to compare the costs of various encodings and synthesis methods for the same machine, especially strongly unspecified one.
Excess mortality among 10-year survivors of classical Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents and young adults

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) surviving classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) risk long term fatal treatment-related toxicities. We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program to compare excess mortality rate (EMR-observed minus expected mortality) for 10-year survivors of AYA cHL diagnosed in 1973-1992 and 1993-2003 eras. The 15-year EMR reduced from 4.88% to 2.19% while the 20-year EMR reduced from 9.46% to 4.07% between eras. Survivors of stages 1-2 had lower EMR than survivors of stages 3-4 cHL in the 1993-2003 but not in the 1973-1992 era. There was an overall decline in risk of death between 10 and 15 years from diagnosis, driven mostly by second neoplasms and cardiovascular mortality. Despite reduction in fatal second neoplasms and cardiovascular disease with more current therapy, long term survivors of AYA cHL still have a higher risk of death than the general population highlighting the need for safer therapies.
Nukleophile Substanzen zur Entgiftung von Phosphorestern

A series of N-substituted hydroxylamine derivatives was synthesized as a potential substitute for calcium hypochlorite. Like calcium hypochlorite, these compounds are highly P(V)-nucleophilic with respect to toxic phosphorus esters. Incorporating surface-active structural elements into the compounds can enhance their reactivity to phosphorus esters on the one hand (micelle catalysis); on the other hand aqueous solutions of these compounds wet polymer surfaces easily, thus ensuring that they can be well applied. The effectiveness of the compounds in the detoxification of phosphorus esters was examined using diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) as a model substance.
Characterization of Metal Complex Positive Ions in the Gas Phase by Photoelectron Spectroscopy

The remarkable contributions of metals and metal-containing species to chemical and material behavior are rooted in the electronic and bonding interaction capabilities of the metal atoms themselves. Diverse theoretical and experimental investigations have been directed toward advancing the understanding of these interactions. Significant new insights have been accomplished in recent years as a consequence of major improvements in instrumentation and modeling methods. One area in which the progress is particularly noteworthy is the study of metal-metal and metal-molecule interactions in the gas phase. Gas phase studies make possible detailed and high-resolution spectroscopic characterization of metal-containing species without the complicating (and spectroscopic broadening) factors of solution or solid state investigations. In the gas phase it is possible to characterize reactive intermediates, excited states, and other short-lived species that are essential to developing the full picture of the properties of these systems. Furthermore, the species in the gas phase contain a discrete number of metal atoms and bound molecules or fragments, and therefore are amenable to detailed theoretical modeling using the most advanced methods available.
Microhydrodynamics, Brownian Motion, and Complex Fluids

This is an introduction to the dynamics of fluids at small scales, the physical and mathematical underpinnings of Brownian motion, and the application of these subjects to the dynamics and flow of complex fluids such as colloidal suspensions and polymer solutions. It brings together continuum mechanics, statistical mechanics, polymer and colloid science, and various branches of applied mathematics, in a self-contained and integrated treatment that provides a foundation for understanding complex fluids, with a strong emphasis on fluid dynamics. Students and researchers will find that this book is extensively cross-referenced to illustrate connections between different aspects of the field. Its focus on fundamental principles and theoretical approaches provides the necessary groundwork for research in the dynamics of flowing complex fluids.
Food neophobia and its association with diet quality and weight status in children

Abstract Food neophobia, which refers to the reluctance to eat novel foods, may have once served as a protective mechanism against ingestion of potentially harmful toxins. In today’s Western culture, increased levels of food neophobia are considered maladaptive and may lead to decreased dietary variety and poor diet quality. The focus of this chapter is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about food neophobia and its association with diet quality and weight status in children. It further discusses developmental aspects and the possible role of sensory and genetic influences underlying food neophobia. The final part of this chapter focuses on children with Autism Spectrum Disorder as this group of children has been shown to be disproportionately affected by sensory processing difficulties, food neophobia, and food selectivity.
Effects of Dielectric Inhomogeneity and Electrostatic Correlation on the Solvation Energy of Ions in Liquids

Electrolytes often involve the spatially varying dielectric response of liquids and electrostatic correlation. Nevertheless, the complexity of their synergistic effects complicates our understanding of ion solvation and often limits theoretical approaches. Thus, we develop a Ginzburg–Landau-like (GL) theory that simultaneously considers these two features. We derive the modified Born solvation energy of ions, which accounts for the effect of saturated dipoles near the ions on the solvation energy, which is in good agreement with experimental data for different ionic charges and even for some selected liquid mixtures. Moreover, we consider the phase diagram of a mixture of polyelectrolyte and uncharged polymer and that of a mixture of ionic liquid and uncharged polymer. The GL theory encompasses the results of the previous mean-field theories, accounting for fluctuations of the electrostatic potentials and hence serves as a simple alternative approach to dielectrically inhomogeneous media.
Vitamin E enhances the chemotherapeutic effects of adriamycin on human prostatic carcinoma cells in vitro.

AbstractVitamin E (tocopherol) enhances the growth inhibitory effects of adriamycin (ADR) on a variety of cancer cells in vitro. The role of vitamin E (d-α-tocopheryl) acid succinate in adjuvant chemotherapy with ADR was assessed in DU-145 human prostatic carcinoma cells in culture. Adriamycin produced a dose-dependent growth inhibition of DU-145 cells. The ID50 of DU-145 cells on the criteria: a) of clonal assay was 13ng./ml. and b) of cell count assay was 14ng./ml. Vitamin E succinate also inhibited the growth of DU-145 human prostatic carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. 4.4μg./ml. and 5.4μg./ml. vitamin E succinate in the culture medium produced inhibition of growth to 50 per cent of control (ID50) in the clonal and the cell count assays respectively. When adriamycin and vitamin E succinate were used in combination, both additive and synergistic effects were observed, depending on the concentration of vitamin E succinate used. Doses of vitamin E succinate greater than its ID50 had a synergistic...
A Comparative Analysis of Media Coverage of Mass Public Shootings: Examining Rampage, Disgruntled Employee, School, and Lone-Wolf Terrorist Shootings in the United States:

This study provides a comparative analysis of news media coverage across four types of mass public shootings: rampage, disgruntled employee, school, and lone-wolf terrorist. This research analyzes ...
The Importance of Mediation Analysis in Substance-Use Prevention

This chapter describes the theoretical and practical importance of mediation analysis in substance-use prevention research. The most important reason for including mediators in a research study is to examine the mechanisms by which prevention programs influence substance-use outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms by which prevention programs achieve effects helps reduce the cost and increases effectiveness of prevention programs. This chapter first describes the theoretical foundations of the mediation model in prevention, and reasons for using mediation analysis in substance-use prevention. Next, we provide an overview of statistical mediation analysis for single and multiple mediator models. We summarize mediation analyses in substance-use prevention and discuss future directions for application of mediation analysis in substance-use research.
Malignant Transformation of a Site of Prior Diabetic Foot Ulceration to Verrucous Carcinoma: A Case Report

The case of a 62-year-old Caucasian man with type 1 diabetes who developed malignant transformation of an area of prior diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is reported. He had significant hallux valgus deformity, multiple episodes of healing and breakdown, and eventual transformation to verrucous carcinoma (VC). This case report highlights the malignant transformation of a site of previous DFU to VC, which, to the best of the authors' knowledge, has not yet been described in the literature. There has been little research performed that examines VC in the diabetic population. This case report also highlights the importance of clinical suspicion for malignant transformation as well as the use of subsequent biopsy when necessary.
Twilight zones of history: Aleksandar Zograf’s Regards from Serbia and the Serbian alternative comics of the 1990s

This article analyzes Regards from Serbia (2007), a comic strip diary by Aleksandar Zograf, a Serbian underground cartoonist, as an instance of the alternative, anti-nationalist oppositional media ...
Bayesian Generalized Sparse Symmetric Tensor-on-Vector Regression

Motivated by brain connectome datasets acquired using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI), this article proposes a novel generalized Bayesian linear modeling framework with a symmet...
Regularity Properties of Reachability Maps for Hybrid Dynamical Systems with Applications to Safety

In this paper, motivated by the safety problem in hybrid systems, two set-valued reachability maps are introduced. The outer semicontinuity, the continuity, and the local boundedness of the proposed reachability maps with respect to their arguments are analyzed under mild regularity conditions. This study is then used to revisit and improve the existing converse safety statements in terms of barrier functions. In particular, for safe hybrid systems satisfying the aforementioned regularity conditions, we construct time-varying barrier functions that depend on the proposed reachability maps. Consequently, we show that the constructed barrier functions inherit the continuity properties established for the proposed reachability maps.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Tunnel Placement and Graft Angle Are Primary Determinants of Internal Knee Mechanics After Reconstructive Surgery

Background:Graft placement is a modifiable and often discussed surgical factor in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). However, the sensitivity of functional knee mechanics to va...
Targeting Inhibitory Cells Such as Tregs and MDSCs in the Tuberculous Granuloma

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most successful pathogenic agents infecting more than one-quarter of the human population and causing death of more than one million individuals in 2017 alone. The huge incidence rate, coupled with the emergence of multi- and extremely-drug resistant strains, raises the need for the development of novel therapeutic approaches that are more effective, less toxic, and require shorter treatment duration. As an alternative/adjuvant approach, host-directed therapies (HDTs) have come across as an attractive strategy that harnesses the host’s own immune potential to fight against bacterial infection. As an opportunistic pathogen, Mtb has the remarkable ability to suppress and modulate host immune responses that facilitate Mtb proliferation as well as its dissemination. This chapter highlights the role of two prominent immunosuppressive cell populations regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in TB establishment, progression, dissemination, and formation of granulomas (the pathological hallmark of TB). The chapter also discusses various studies on therapeutics targeting of Tregs and MDSCs. The success of such studies holds promise for the development of HDTs as novel strategies for TB treatment.
Spinal Cord Stimulation After Spinal Cord Injury: Promising Multisystem Effects

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an exciting new area of research in the field of spinal cord injury (SCI) medicine. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in SCS related to motor control, neurogenic bladder, and cardiovascular effects and discuss future directions. Epidural spinal stimulation (spES) and transcutaneous stimulation (TSS) have been shown to improve lower and upper-extremity motor control after SCI. Similarly, SCS has shown to impact bladder function and blood pressure control after SCI. Future directions include gaining a better understanding of the associated mechanism, further optimization of stimulation parameters, coordinating the multisystem effects of SCS, and enhancing our knowledge of the benefits and limitations of spES versus TSS. Clinicians should be aware of the growing evidence supporting the potential for multisystem effects of SCS after SCI.
Corrupting Language: Diagnosing Definition During the Pandemic

The problem of definition is a well-known concern for scholars of religion. Far from being a scholarly preoccupation, the issue has particular relevance in the health care profession. This article discusses how the dynamics of definition impact public policy and perceptions of health, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also advocates for scholars to model critical reflexivity in their research on religion and health care, among other matters.
Adverse outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

To the Editor Leong and colleagues1 performed an important retrospective cohort study to assess the risk of MACE between patients with and without chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), with subgroup analysis by patients present before and after the market introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (cut-off at 2001). However, the cohort design has several limitations. While the cut-point by TKI marketing at first seems logical, TKIs as a group have drastically changed since the early 2000s. For example, TKI access was often restricted among older adults because initial studies showed the greatest survival benefit in younger patients.2 Also, many patients who were diagnosed prior to 2001 were eventually treated with TKIs. Furthermore, later-generation TKIs …
Dodging negativity like it’s my freaking job: marketing postfeminist positivity through Beachbody fitness on Instagram

During the first three months of the coronavirus pandemic, negativity circulated widely on social media; however, multilevel marketing (MLM) distributors selling fitness programs on Instagram remai...
Presidential Decrees in Russia: A Comparative Perspective

1. Introduction: Vladimir Putin and the limits of decree 2. Presidential prerogative power 3. The evolution of constitutional decree power in Russia 4. Presidential decree power and the legislative process 5. Presidential decrees and legislative sequences 6. Decrees and presidential power.
A Fuzzy Propositions Account of Contextual Effects on Word Recognition

Publisher Summary The conception of the word identification process offered by the fuzzy propositional framework suggests a new experimental paradigm for studying contextual effects. The results of experiments within this paradigm strongly imply that contextual information does influence the word identification process. These results are consistent with the predictions of the fuzzy propositional model of word identification, which explicitly describes how visual and contextual information can be integrated in the process of identifying a word. In the interactive processing framework of the language processing system, there is both a bottom-up and a top-down flow of information. The top-down flow of information allows initial results at higher levels of processing to influence decisions made at lower levels of analysis. It is argued that a top-down flow of information allows for more informed interpretations of what can often be ambiguous with bottom-up information. In the most common paradigm for studying top-down effects on word identification, subjects read a context sentence and then either name a target word or make a lexical decision about it.
Operational wind shear detection and warning - The 'CLAWS' experience at Denver and future objectives

An operational wind shear detection and warning experiment was conducted at Denver's Stapleton International Airport in summer 1984. Based on meteorological interpretation of scope displays from a Doppler weather radar, warnings were transmitted to the air traffic control tower via voice radio. Analyses of results indicated real skill in daily microburst forecasts and very short-term (less than 5-min) warnings. Wind shift advisories with 15-30 min forecasts, permitted more efficient runway reconfigurations. Potential fuel savings were estimated at $875,000/yr at Stapleton. The philosophy of future development toward an automated, operational system is discussed.
Association of plasma F2-isoprostanes and isofurans concentrations with erythropoiesis-stimulating agent resistance in maintenance hemodialysis patients

In patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD), hyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Systemic inflammation is highly prevalent in HD patients and is associated with ESA hyporesponsiveness. Oxidative stress is also highly prevalent in HD patients, but no previous study has determined its association with ESA response. This study assessed the association of plasma markers of oxidative stress and inflammation with ESA resistance in patients undergoing maintenance HD. We analyzed data from 165 patients enrolled in the Provision of Antioxidant Therapy in Hemodialysis study, a randomized controlled trial evaluating antioxidant therapy in prevalent HD patients. Linear and mixed-effects regression were used to assess the association of baseline and time-averaged high sensitivity F2-isoprostanes, isofurans, C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with ESA resistance index (ERI), defined as the weekly weight-adjusted ESA dose divided by blood hemoglobin level. Unadjusted models as well as models adjusted for potential confounders were examined. Predicted changes in ERI per month over study follow-up among baseline biomarker quartiles were also assessed. Patients with time-averaged isofurans in the highest quartile had higher adjusted mean ERI compared with patients in the lowest quartile (β = 14.9 ng/ml; 95 % CI 7.70, 22.2; reference group <0.26 ng/ml). The highest quartiles of hsCRP and IL-6 were also associated with higher adjusted mean ERI (β = 10.8 mg/l; 95 % CI 3.52, 18.1 for hsCRP; β = 10.2 pg/ml; 95 % CI 2.98, 17.5 for IL-6). No significant association of F2-isoprostanes concentrations with ERI was observed. Analyses restricted to baseline exposures and ERI showed similar results. Baseline hsCRP, IL-6, and isofurans concentrations in the highest quartiles were associated with greater predicted change in ERI over study follow-up compared to the lowest quartiles (P = 0.008, P = 0.004, and P = 0.04, respectively). There was no association between baseline F2-isoprostanes quartile and change in ERI. In conclusion, higher concentrations of isofurans, hsCRP and IL-6, but not F2-isoprostanes, were associated with greater resistance to ESAs in prevalent HD patients. Further research is needed to test whether interventions that successfully decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in patients undergoing maintenance HD improve ESA responsiveness.
Corneal collagen crosslinking in children with keratoconus

Purpose To report the visual, refractive, and tomographic outcomes of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in pediatric patients with keratoconus. Methods The medical records of patients ≤18 years of age treated with corneal collagen cross-linking from December 2009 to August 2013 were retrospectively reviewed, and the following data were collected at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year for all patients and at 2 and 3 years where available: uncorrected- and best-corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent, cylinder, and tomographic findings. Results A total of 25 eyes of 14 patients (11 males) were included. Mean age at surgery was 16.2 ± 1.6 years (range, 13-18). Mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.53 ± 0.32 logMAR at baseline and 0.46 ± 0.36 logMAR at 1 year ( P = 0.07). Mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.3 ±0.26 logMAR, which improved to 0.15 ± 0.12 logMAR at 1 year ( P = 0.01). Baseline spherical equivalent and cylinder values were unchanged at 1 year. Mean baseline Kmax, Kmin, and Kmean values were 49.62 ± 4.5 D, 44.68 ± 3.5 D, and 46.3 ± 2.84 D, respectively; these values were stable at 1 year ( P > 0.05). At 1 year, compared with preoperative Kmax values, 5 eyes (20%) showed regression; 13 eyes (52%), stabilization; and 7 eyes (18%), progression. There was a significant reduction in the mean thinnest corneal area from baseline (473.6 ± 37.68 μm) to 6 months (424.55 ±70.2 μm), but this recovered at 1 year (452.82 ± 53.5 μm). There were no significant postoperative complications. Conclusions In this patient cohort CXL effectively stabilized uncorrected visual acuity, refractive indices, and keratometry values at 1 year, while improving best-corrected visual acuity.
Bias dependence of buried oxide hardness during total dose irradiation

Direct correlation is reported between single-transistor back channel leakage and the anomalous increase in 16 K-SRAM standby current after total dose irradiation. 16 K-SRAMs fabricated on SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) substrates were total-dose tested up to 10 Mrad (SiO/sub 2/) using an ARACOR X-ray source with zero substrate bias. Different bias conditions were examined to determine the worst case condition for the buried oxide. The worst bias condition for back channel buried oxide threshold voltage shift is when irradiated with zero substrate bias. The standby current hump of the 16 K-SRAM after total dose irradiation can be directly correlated with the NMOS transistor back channel leakage current. Reduction of standby current with increased total dose can be explained by the buildup of interface charge which reduces the back channel leakage. >