cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Obesity and oligomenorrhea are associated with hyperandrogenism independent of hirsutism.

Abstract Obesity, oligomenorrhea, and hirsutism are frequently associated with high plasma androgen levels and/or low testosterone-binding globulin (TEBG) levels. Studies have been undertaken to determine the extent to which each of these clinical features may be related to this hormonal profile. Indexes of plasma free (unbound) androgen levels were focused upon because this fraction appears to be the biologically active portion of the plasma androgens. The hormonal profile was normal in women with either obesity or oligomenorrhea alone and abnormal in those with severe hirsutism alone. One striking new finding was that subjects with the combination of obesity and oligomenorrhea had elevated plasma total and free androgens and depressed TEBG even in the absence of hirsutism. Furthermore, the androgen levels were higher in obese oligomenorrheic women with mild hirsutism than in severely hirsute women who were not obese. Plasma estradiol concentrations were normal in these obese women. A simple explanation ...
Relationship of manifest aggressiveness to aggressive word associations.

A self-report inventory made up of items from the Buss-Durkee manifest aggressiveness scales, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, and the Masculinity-Femininity scale of the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey was administered to 72 men along with a test of verbal associations to aggressive and neutral cue words. The number of aggressive associations made to aggressive cue words was highly correlated with over-all manifest aggressiveness and with two of the aggressiveness subscales. The results were discussed in terms of the relationship of aggressiveness habit strength to verbal behavior.
Rapid Development of a Potent Photo-Triggered Inhibitor of the Serine Hydrolase RBBP9

The serine hydrolases constitute a large class of enzymes that play important roles in physiology. There is great interest in the development of potent and selective pharmacological inhibitors of these proteins. Traditional active-site inhibitors often have limited selectivity within this superfamily and are tedious and expensive to discover. Using the serine hydrolase RBBP9 as a model target, we designed a rapid and relatively inexpensive route to highly selective peptoid-based inhibitors that can be activated by visible light. This technology provides rapid access to photo-activated tool compounds capable of selectively blocking the function of particular serine hydrolases.
Chippewa Social Atomism

BERNARD F. JAMES, and more recently Harold Hickerson, have criticized the use of the term "atomistic" in relation to Chippewa (or Ojibwa) social organization. According to James, "atomism" has never been adequately defined (1954:283, 286), a point reiterated by Hickerson (1960:102 fn.). Both, however, seem to understand the word well enough to deny its appropriateness to the pre-reservation Chippewa. Still, there is some confusion, for James refers to "the 'atomistic' nature of Chippewa personality" (1954:283), while I, at least, have always used the term "atomistic" in relation to social structure and not in characterizing a personality type. In the following pages I will, first of all, define the term "atomism" as I have used it and will defend its applicability to the Chippewa. I will also take issue with Hickerson's thesis concerning the Feast of the Dead, which he thinks shows that the early Chippewa (or Saulteur) had a strong political unity and economic cohesion in the 16th and early 17th centuries. The principal point concerning "atomism" is this: in an atomistic society it is not difficult for the component units to break away and exist apart from the larger society of which they are a part. There is little social integration or centralization; political authority is weak, and there are not many mechanisms for reinforcing larger-group social solidarity. Many hunting-gathering groups, such as the Chenchus of India (von Fuirer-Haimendorf 1943:59-60), the Great Basin Shoshoneans (Steward 1955:101-121), and the Eskimo of Greenland (Mirsky 1937:64-65) are atomistic in this sense, especially in areas where ecological conditions favor dispersal. But agricultural societies may also be atomistic. Consider, for example, this description of Dafla and Miri communities in Assam, which practiced slash-and-burn agriculture:
Radiation testing of liquid crystal optical devices for space laser communication

Liquid crystal optical phased arrays are an enabling technology for a variety of photonic and electronic beam manipulation functions, including steering, control of polarization, and amplitude and phase modulation. For applications in the emerging field of space laser communications, such devices would need to survive in the space environment for 10 to 15 years. To assess suitability and identify potential issues, a series of experiments were conducted in which nematic liquid crystal devices were subjected to three radiation environments: total dose (gamma), prompt dose (x rays), and fast neutrons. Tests were conducted using simple phase retarder devices, which served as surrogates for beamsteering devices. Impacts to optical and electrical characteristics of the devices at 1.55 µm were measured after incremental exposure trials. Modest effects were observed, but none were deemed significant enough to impact performance of the devices for space communication beamsteering applications.
Does a Rock Implement Every Finite-State Automaton?

Hilary Putnam has argued that computational functionalism cannot serve as a foundation for the study of the mind, as every ordinary open physical system implements every finite-state automaton. I argue that Putnam's argument fails, but that it points out the need for a better understanding of the bridge between the theory of computation and the theory of physical systems: the relation of implementation. It also raises questions about the class of automata that can serve as a basis for understanding the mind. I develop an account of implementation, linked to an appropriate class of automata, such that the requirement that a system implement a given automaton places a very strong constraint on the system. This clears the way for computation to play a central role in the analysis of mind.
Aptamer-based optical bionano sensor for mercury(II) ions

The detection of Hg2+ ions at the nanomolar level was achieved using a DNA aptamer as the molecular recognition element. The single stranded DNA sequence known as thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) was conjugated to a quantum dot and a gold nanoparticle to create the mercury-sensing probe. The quantum dot donor and gold nanoparticle acceptor allowed for optical detection via energy transfer using a spectrophotometer. The presence of the analyte caused a decrease in photoluminescence. The quenching efficiency at 500 nM Hg2+ ions with 10 nM aptamer probe was 62%. When the probe was exposed to a much higher concentration of Hg2+ ions, 824 µM, the photoluminescence was completely extinguished.
Mathematical approaches to the study of smart materials

The smartness of a shape-memory material is a consequence of its ability to form a flexible variant structure at one temperature while recognizing only a homogeneous equilibrium at a different temperature. The fine scale morphology or microstructure of this variant structure has a clear role in the macroscopic behavior of the material. To investigate these phenomena, two issues are paramount. First, the presence of several stable variants at a given temperature reflects a complicated potential well structure for the free energy of the material. Second, the presence of spatially oscillatory behavior at the small scale suggests competition between the free energy of the material and loading or other environmental effects. Both of these features represent highly nonlinear processes and thus it is to nonlinear analysis we turn for methods to successfully describe these systems. In this report we describe in an expository fashion one such technique which has been applied in several instances especially related to certain alloys or other crystalline materials.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Carbachol-elicited mouse killing by rats: Circadian rhythm and dose response

A dose-response analysis of cholinergically elicited aggression was performed. Bilateral doses of carbachol at 5, 20, 35, and 50 micrograms were injected into the lateral hypothalamus of nonkiller female rats. One group of rats was injected with these doses during the day, while another was stimulated at night. The most effective dose of carbachol eliciting aggression against mice was 20 micrograms bilaterally administered at night (70% of the rats killed or attacked the mice). An injection of 20 micrograms during the day, as well as injections of 5, 35, and 50 micrograms during the day or night, were less effective in eliciting aggressive responses.
CHANGING VOLATILITY AND THE PRICING OF OPTIONS ON STOCK INDEX FUTURES

This paper presents empirical results regarding the suitability of the Black model for the pricing of options on stock index futures. Whaley's technique is used to present empirical evidence regarding the pricing biases of the model. Information provided by the implied volatilities suggests that model refinements should address the changing volatility issue.
Elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels due to hepatic lipase mutations do not reduce cardiovascular disease risk: another strike against the HDL dogma.

Hepatic lipase (HL) is a physiological regulator of lipid trafficking in plasma and one of the sparse connection points linking the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) system with the pathways of apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoprotein disposal. From its central position on the hepatic sinusoid, HL influences lipolysis of remnant particles, thereby determining the rate of remnant clearance, the rate of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) formation, and the density and size of LDL (1). Reduced HL activity causes formation of buoyant, triglyceride (TG)-rich LDL and accumulation of partially lipolyzed β-very low density lipoproteins (2). These metabolic changes have a recognized influence on atherogenesis and may mediate the effect of HL on vascular disease. However, HL also modulates HDL cholesterol levels in plasma and the size distribution of HDL particles. Reduced HL activity results in higher HDL cholesterol levels and accumulation of larger TG-rich HDL. These changes also are expected to have a significant influence on vascular health. Because of its multiple influences on lipoproteins from different compartments and the potential for competing downstream effects of HL modulation, this enzyme is not currently a strong target for the development of specific inhibitors. However, some available drugs, such as the antidiabetic agents of the thiazolidinedione class or the antilipidemic agents of the niacin class, may affect plasma lipids partially through inhibition of this enzyme (3,4).
Effective valence proton and neutron numbers in transitional A≊150 nuclei from B(E2) and g -factor data

It is shown that experimental g factors and B(E2) values of ${2}_{1}^{+}$ states in even-even nuclei can be consistently analyzed in order to simultaneously provide the effective numbers of both valence protons (${N}_{\mathrm{p}}$) and neutrons (${N}_{\mathrm{n}}$) for the respective shells. This method uses a simple linear relationship for g${(2}_{1}^{+}$) and an improved analytic formula for the B(E2) values. It is applied to the transitional nuclei in the A=150 region and shown to give results reflecting the presence of a Z=64 subshell for N\ensuremath{\le}88.
Nitrosative Stress: Activation of the Transcription Factor OxyR

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) imposes an oxidative stress to Escherichia coli that is manifested by oxidation of glutathione and related redox-sensitive targets. OxyR is a thiol-containing transcriptional activator whose oxidation controls the expression of genes involved in H 2 O 2 detoxification. Here we report that certain S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) impose what we term a "nitrosative stress" to E. coli, evidenced by lowering of intracellular thiol and the transcriptional activation of OxyR by S-nitrosylation. This cellular and genetic response determines the metabolic fate of RSNOs and thereby contributes to bacterial rescue from stasis. Our studies reveal that signaling by S-nitrosylation can extend to the level of transcription and describe a metabolic pathway that constitutes an adaptation to nitrosative stress.
SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION IN HYDROGEN-BONDED POLYMER BLENDS

Time-resolved small-angle neutron-scattering (SANS) studies of spinodal decomposition in hydrogen-bonded blends of polystyrene and poly(butylmethacrylate) reveal extremely slow kinetics of phase separation in the vicinity of the critical point. The experimental data are interpreted within the context of a mean-field model that predicts energetic barriers to extended composition fluctuations. The scenario bears a resemblance to dynamic critical phenomena in Ising systems with coupling to a set of mobile impurities.
Atypical chronic lung disease patterns in neonates.

Objective. To determine, in the postsurfactant era, the incidence and clinical characteristics of infants with atypical versus traditionally defined bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among premature infants with birth weights Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. A single regional neonatal intensive care unit (level III/IV). Patients. Two hundred thirty-two premature infants Main Outcome Measure. Incidence of classic BPD and atypical chronic lung disease (CLD) (occurring without preceding respiratory distress or after recovery from respiratory distress). Results. Among 177 infants Conclusion. Atypical CLD comprised 31% of total cases of CLD. Atypical CLD appears to be less severe than classic BPD. These data suggest that initial, acute lung injuries are not the sole antecedents of neonatal CLD.
Viscosity and structure of Ormosil solutions

PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)/TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) system Ormosils (organically modified silicates) can be rubbery or rigid, depending on their chemical composition and processing conditions. In order to determine the relationship between the viscosity and the structure of the Ormosil solutions through the sol-to-gel transition, five kinds of sols (three levels of PDMS, three levels of H2O) were prepared with refluxing. Viscosities were measured using an oscillation method with a cone-and-plate type apparatus. Liquid state 29Si-NMR analyses were made to obtain structural information of the solution. The composition of the starting solution affected the sol-to-gel transition process. The degree of hydrolysis, depending upon the H2O content, controlled the reaction rate and structure of the polymer. Addition of PDMS also contributed to the acceleration of the sol-to-gel transition due to larger PDMS copolymerizing units.
The Rapidly Evolving Geographies of the Eurasian Internet

A noted American geographer surveys the spatial distribution and growth (between 2000 and 2008) of Internet users in the 15 countries of the former Soviet Union, Mongolia, and Afghanistan (Eurasia). A major focus is exploration of the correlations between rapidly increasing penetration rates in the region and hypothesized drivers of Internet growth worldwide (such as income, literacy, and telephone access). The author proceeds to examine various forms of Internet censorship practiced in Eurasia, which exhibit different degrees of severity and types depending on the country in question. A third section of the paper assesses the potentially transformative role of electronic commerce and governance among the region's states, including types of applications and the obstacles that this phenomenon confronts. A concluding section includes penetrating observations on the implications of continued expansion of Internet use on commerce, information access, and civil society in the region.
A neutron activation analysis procedure for the determination of uranium, thorium and potassium in geologic samples

A neutron activation analysis procedure was developed for the determination of uranium, thorium and potassium in basic and ultrabasic rocks. The three elements are determined in the same 0.5-g sample following a 30-min irradiation in a thermal neutron flux of 2·1012 n·cm−2·sec−1. Following radiochemical separation, the nuclides239U (T=23.5 m),233Th (T=22.2 m) and42K (T=12.36 h) are measured by β-counting. A computer program is used to resolve the decay curves which are complex owing to contamination and the growth of daughter activities. The method was used to determine uranium, throium and potassium in the U. S. Geological Survey standard rocks DTS-1, PCC-1 and BCR-1. For 0.5-g samples the limits of detection for uranium, throium and potassium are 0.7, 1.0 and 10 ppb, respectively.
Africans as Objects: Hogarth’s Complex Portrayal of Exploitation

Hogarth’s depiction of African slaves in A Harlot’s Progress (1731) and other engravings sends a complicated moral message to the viewer. The dangers of portraying human beings as objects are (at least) three-fold: to the African slaves who are demeaned, to the possessors (mostly women) who are corrupted, and even to the viewers should they be misled into tacitly or passively accepting the dehumanization. Hogarth intends to warn against excessive preoccupation with objects and the licentious practice of objectifying human beings. However, I argue that this moral lesson is jeopardized by Hogarth’s aesthetic choice to analogize the slave children to animals or objects with exotic appeal.
Canine laryngeal transplantation: preliminary studies and a new heterotopic allotransplantation model.

While transplantation of the larynx may eventually be useful in post-laryngectomy reconstruction, three criteria must first be met before human transplants can be attempted: transplant viability must be high, immunosuppression must be safe and effective and functional recovery of the larynx must occur. To study these first two criteria, a total of 11 canine larynx transplants were performed: 3 autografts, 6 orthotopic allografts and 2 heterotopic allografts. The rationale and technical performance of these different transplant procedures are reviewed in detail. Orthotopic transplant recipients received cyclosporin A (CsA) while the heterotopic allograft recipients received RS-61443 and methylprednisolone in addition to CsA. Overall, 9 of 11 of the transplants remained viable. In contrast, all 3 autografted animals developed esophageal-cutaneous fistulas; 2 developed sepsis and were sacrificed on post-operative days (POD) 5 and 28, respectively. The third survived for 91 days and demonstrated a high degree of regeneration in the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves of the transplant. Orthotopically transplanted dogs also had a high morbidity and perioperative mortality (5 of 6 animals). The single “long-term” survivor was treated with CsA alone, but developed complete transplant rejection on POD 33. The two heterotopic transplant recipients had no perioperative morbidity and the combination of CsA, RS-61443 and methylprednisolone given these latter animals was effective in the longterm prevention of rejection. One of these heterotopic recipients died of sepsis on POD 68 while the other remained alive and well on POD 168. Our present findings show that currently available microsurgical techniques allow experimental canine laryngeal transplantation to be done with significantly high transplant viability rates. In the dog, CsA alone is inadequate for the long-term prevention of transplant rejection while combined therapy with CsA, RS-61443 and methylprednisolone can provide long-term rejection-free larynx transplant survival. The newly developed heterotopic larynx transplant model allows studies of transplant viability, rejection mechanisms and neural regeneration and functional recovery to be performed with minimal animal morbidity and lowered research costs.
Relationship Between Cowpea Curculio Injury and Choanephora Pod Rot of Southern Peas

In laboratory and field tests, both actual and simulated injury by Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman greatly increased the incidence of Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berkeley et Ravenel) Thaxter pod rot in southern peas, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Feeding and oviposition punctures of the adult curculio provided the entry point apparently needed by the fungus for infection of the pods. We conclude that the insect is responsible for much of the Choanephora pod rot in field plantings.
Design and Use of Preference Markets for Evaluation of Early Stage Technologies

In the work presented here, we develop and apply preference markets in evaluating early stage technology. Partnering with a Fortune 5 company, we developed and implemented two internal preference markets (field experiments). In both cases, nonmonetary (play money) incentives were utilized, but one market provided additional nonmonetary (play money) incentives. Working with the partner company, our investigation started with seven emerging technologies and expanded to a total of 17 emerging technologies. Our results suggest that even a simple form of additional nonmonetary play money incentive yielded greater price convergence, increased spread across final market prices, and greater consistency with a costly expert panel that was set up by the partner company. Based on the outcomes of our analyses, the partner company is investing in developing extended applications of preference markets as a potentially scalable approach for dealing with its ongoing and expanding strategic identification of promising emerging technologies.
Electrophoretically silent alleles in a finite population

The expected number of silent alleles in an electromorph is computed for various values of population size (N), mutation rate (u), and sample size (s) under the assumption of no selection. The proportion of alleles undetectable by electrophoresis is higher when Nu is large than when this is small. It is shown that an electromorph of high population frequency has more silent alleles than an electromorph of low frequency if the sample size is the same.
Intrinsically homogeneous sets, splitting times, and the big shift

Let X be a strong Markov process. Let M be an optional set with the property that 1MoθT(S)=1 M (s+T) whenever s>0 and T is an optional time with [T]⊂M. If L=sup{t>0∶ teM}eM, we show that L is a splitting time of X: the pre-L events and the post-L events are conditionally independent given X L . To prove this, we extend work of Sharpe's to show that the big shift operators Θ T and \(\hat \Theta _T\) commute with optional projection and dual optional projection, respectively, whenever T is an optional time. Examples are given which are not contained within previous work of Millar and Getoor.
Responding to Threats to Integrity of Self

Current theories of illness focus either on the illness experience or on the response to recovery from particular diseases. When the focus is on the individual, rather than the cause, it is evident that these experiences may be combined to develop a comprehensive theory that incorporates the individual's responses to acute or chronic illness or to injury. Extending primarily from the illness Constellation Model and Preserving Self, a five-stage model, Responding to Threats to Integrity of the Self, was developed. The theory focuses on the individual (and to a lesser degree on the individual's family) and how the individual seeks self-comforting strategies to mediate the experience. The theory is one of recovery and rehabilitation, is comprehensive, and may be used for understanding and supporting patient responses.
QUANTUM YIELD OF PHOTOHYDRATION FOR DIMETHYLURACIL. CONCENTRATION AND WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE

— The quantum yields for the photohydration of dimethyluracil were determined for concentrations in the range 5 × 10--1--1 × 10--3M by use of 240–280 nm irradiation. The average quantum yield (0.0139 f 0.0005) was independent of both concentration and irradiation wavelength.
Management decisions in laryngeal carcinoma in situ.

Twenty-one patients with laryngeal carcinoma in situ (n=12) or carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (n=9) were treated with laser mucosal dissection of the vocal cords and/or superficial laser cordectomy. The normal architecture of the vocal cords was preserved because the depth of vaporization was usually superficial in these early cases. Five patients had recurrence, new tumor, or persistence of abnormal tissue that required additional laser surgical treatments. With a follow-up range of 6 months to 4 years, all patients currently are free of laryngeal abnormality, and no patient has needed open laryngeal surgery or radiation therapy
A comparison of T4:T8 lymphocyte ratio in the periodontal lesion of healthy and HIV-positive patients

Previous reports describe a characteristic, rapidly progressive, periodontitis that is unique to patients who are seropositive for HIV antibody (Western blot +). The purpose of this study was to compare the T4 and T8 lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood and periodontal lesions of these HIV patients with those of healthy controls. T-cell subsets in peripheral blood were quantified by flow cytometry. The values from this analysis were used to calculate the peripheral T4:T8 lymphocyte ratio for each patient. Gingival tissue (papilla) was obtained from 8 HIV+ patients and from 6 healthy HIV- control patients during routine gingival surgery. The T-cell subpopulations in the gingival tissue were determined using serial cryostat sections that were labeled with monoclonal antibodies for T4 and T8 cells and developed using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase system. Six sections were taken from each of the 14 tissue specimens (one per patient). The sections were examined at 450 x and the mean number of T4 and T8 cells calculated for each section. These mean values were then used to determine the T4:T8 lymphocyte ratio for each tissue specimen. The peripheral blood analysis revealed a mean serum T4:T8 ratio of (2.07 +/- 0.455) for the controls and (0.58 +/- 0.26) for the HIV patients. The significantly lower T4:T8 ratio in HIV patients is consistent with their diagnosis. Although the results indicated that the mean T4:T8 lymphocyte ratio in the gingiva of controls was highly variable (2.70 +/- 1.344), the gingiva of HIV patients consistently exhibited a complete absence of T-cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In-plane photonic transduction for microcantilever sensor arrays

Microcantilevers show significant promise in sensing minute quantities of chemical and biological analytes in vapor and liquid media. Much of the reported work on microcantilever sensors has made use of single functionalized microcantilevers, usually derived from commercially available atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers. However, arrays with hundreds to thousands of microcantilevers on a single chip are required to create sophisticated, broad spectrum chemical and biological sensors in which individual microcantilevers have different bio- or chemoselective coatings. Unfortunately, the most sensitive microcantilever readout mechanisms (such as laser beam reflection as used in atomic force microscopy) are not readily scalable to large arrays. We therefore introduce a new microcantilever transduction mechanism for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) microcantilevers that is designed to scale to large arrays while maintaining a very compact form factor and high sensitivity. This mechanism is based on in-plane photonic transduction of microcantilever deflection in which the microcantilever itself forms a single mode rib waveguide. Light from the end of the microcantilever is directed across a small gap to an asymmetric receiving waveguide with two outputs that enables differential detection of microcantilever deflection. Initial noise and optical power budget calculations indicate that deflection sensitivities in the 10's of picometer range should be achievable.
Neutrino-induced muon flux deep underground and search for neutrino oscillations

We derive the flux of muons induced by interaction of ..nu../sub ..mu../ in rock as a function of neutrino energy and angle. Stopping muons come from relatively-low-energy neutrinos and therefore have somewhat greater potential sensitivity to neutrino oscillations than the higher-energy through-going muons, but their flux is lower.
ADVENTURES IN DERMATOLOGICAL GENETICS.

MendeFs laws were rediscovered in 1900 and the science of genetics was born therewith. Soon it was recognized that the regularities first found in peas occurred in man as well, but it was to be several decades before one could speak of a special field, Human Genetics, and before an investigator could call himself a human geneticist. Initially most contributions to the genetics of man were individual papers on some normal and more frequently some abnormal trait, or, in the famous volumes of Pearson's Treasury of Human Inheritance, collections of all published pedigrees of some abnormality. It was not until 1933 that an attempt was made in a single book to deal with the genetics of all defects of a given part of the body. This was E. A. Cockayne's “Inherited Abnormalities of the Skin and Its Appendages,” an admirable, thorough compilation of the multitude of widely scattered descriptions of numerous traits, critically considered from the view point of human genetics. It was thus dermatology which pioneered in furnishing an immense body of data in a form useful to the geneticist. Cockayne's book provided a training ground for medical genetics and served as a source of information and inspiration in this then only slowly developing field.
Combined Endoscopic Resection and Brachytherapy for Recurrent Intrapelvic Wilms Tumor

A 6-year-old boy presented elsewhere with stage V Wilms tumor and was treated with left nephrectomy, chemotherapy (vincristine, actinomycin and doxorubicin) and external beam radiation. The right kidney tumor responded completely radiologically. Sixteen months later a small tumor was identified in the right kidney and the patient was referred to our center, where he underwent partial right nephrectomy. Pathologically clear margins and favorable histology were confirmed. One year later the patient presented with acute right flank pain, gross hematuria, anuria and an enlarged solitary kidney. Computerized tomography demonstrated a mass within the renal pelvis causing hydronephrosis (fig. 1). At exploration no parenchymal lesions were evident. The renal pelvis was opened and found to contain tumor. An adult resectoscope was used to resect all visible tumor and revealed the source as being a lower pole calix. A nephrostomy tube was placed under endoscopic guidance through the affected calix. The nephrostomy tube was used postoperatively to implant radioactive iridium seeds (17 Gy.) with great accuracy, followed by rescue chemotherapy (ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide) and concomitant external beam radiation (33 Gy.). The patient has now been disease-free for 10 years, with
Revascularization and hematopoietic recovery following myelosuppression are “Tied” together

Comment on Kopp et al, page [505][1] Hematopoietic recovery following chemoradiotherapy depends upon regeneration of the bone marrow microarchitecture; revascularization of bone marrow sinusoids with Tie2-expressing endothelial cells may constitute a defining event in this process. The intimate
Comparing the Vertical Structures of Weighting Functions and Adjoint Sensitivity of Radiance and Verifying Mesoscale Forecasts Using AIRS Radiance Observations

Abstract An adjoint sensitivity analysis is conducted using the adjoint of the hyperspectral radiative transfer model (RTM) that simulates the radiance spectrum from the Advanced Infrared Sounder (AIRS). It is shown, both theoretically and numerically, that the height of the maximum sensitivity of radiance in a channel could be higher or lower than the height of the maximum weighting function of that channel. It is shown that the discrepancy between the two heights is determined by the vertical structures of the atmospheric thermodynamic state. The sensitivity finds the level at which changes in temperature and/or moisture will have the largest influence on the simulated brightness temperature (BT), and the maximum weighting function (WF) height indicates the level where the model atmosphere contributes most significantly to the emission at the top of the atmosphere. Based on the above findings, an adjoint method for forecast verification using AIRS radiances is presented. In this method, model forecasts ...
High-radiance room-temperature GaAs laser with controlled radiation in a single transverse mode

A GaAs laser for room-temperature operation is reported with high radiance and short delay times. For high radiance, the radiation of a 200-μ-wide GaAs laser diode is confined to the lowest order transverse mode. This is accomplished by operating the laser diode with an optical cavity in which the transverse mode is controlled by aperture-limiting slits. In the cavity, built of spherical lenses and plane mirrors, the mode width and height coincide with the width and height of the active region of the injection laser. The diffraction losses of the higher order transverse modes introduced by the apertures are sufficiently high to yield controlled radiation in the TEM 00 mode ; this control was not always assured in the earlier design of the GaAs laser with the external resonator [1]. For short delays of the onset of stimulated emission, GaAs lasers are used for which the transition from short to long delays occurs above room temperature. Also, the external cavity is coupled closer to the active region of the semiconductor diode than reported previously [1] to minimize losses that would increase the delay times. Test results on the radiance, room-temperature delay times, and mode structure of the GaAs laser with the optical cavity are presented and the observed spiking pattern is discussed.
Activated human monocytes express the c- sis proto-oncogene and release a mediator showing PDGF-like activity

Activated human monocytes express the c-sis proto-oncogene and release a mediator showing PDGF-like activity
Mercury L3 and sulfur K-edge studies of Hg-bound thiacrowns and back-extracting agents used in mercury remediation

Abstract Effective methods for the removal of mercury from water are in demand due to the high levels of mercury released from industrial and natural processes. Polymer pendant thiacrown compounds used for the sequestration of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions passed through columns have shown great promise as effective tools for remediation. The mercury can potentially be removed from the columns by extraction with diethyldithiocarbamate (dtc) and diphenylthiocarbazone, aka dithizone (dtz). In this study, Hg L3 and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy are used to contrast the structure of the mercury thiacrown complex Hg[17]aneS5 with the structure of mercury bound to two potential back-extracting agents, Hg(dtc) 2 and Hg(dtz) 2 . In Hg(dtc) 2 , it was found that Hg(II) was bound to four sulfur atoms, with two Hg–S bond lengths of 2.66 A and two Hg–S at 2.49 A. In Hg(dtz) 2 , Hg(II) was bound to two sulfur atoms with Hg–S bond distances of 2.38 A and two nitrogen atoms with Hg–N at 2.54 A. This contrasts with Hg[17]aneS5 with three Hg–S bonds at 2.40 A. Mercury L3 and S K-edge results show that electron density shifts from sulfur in dtc and dtz, to mercury in Hg(dtc) 2 and Hg(dtz) 2 . The increase in the number of bonds, and the more stable geometry and electron distribution in the back-extraction complexes confirms that these compounds are more stable than the mercury thiacrown complex, and thus suitable for regeneration of the pendant-arm [17]aneS 5 for further remediation processes.
Perceived Social Support and Caregiver Strain in Caregivers of Children with Tourette’s Disorder

The research on Tourette’s disorder (TD), a neuropsychological disorder consisting of motor and phonic tics, has largely focused on individuals with TD and not on the caregivers of children with TD. We investigated the effects of several variables on caregiver strain of caregivers of children with TD, including perceived social support, caregiver characteristics, and characteristics of the child’s disorder. An online survey was completed by 140 caregivers of children with TD between the ages of 6 to 18 years. We performed a path analysis to examine the outcome of caregiver strain in relation to the research variables. Our results indicated that caregiver age, symptom severity of the child’s TD, and perceived social support accounted for variance in caregiver strain, and that perceived social support was a partial mediator of child’s symptom severity and caregiver strain. Symptom severity and caregiver strain were also related to the presence of other comorbid disorders, such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), anxiety, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) when compared to children either having no other comorbid disorders or other types of disorders.
Spermatogenesis in larval Ambystoma tigrinum: Positive and negative interactions of FSH and testosterone

Hypophysectomized larval Ambystoma tigrinum were treated for 20 days with either saline, FSH, testosterone, or FSH+testosterone. Larvae from each of these groups were either killed on day 21 or treated for a second 20 days with either saline, FSH, testosterone, or FSH + testosterone. Testes from larvae treated with FSH for 40 days had large germinal cysts, many of which contained primary or secondary spermatocytes. The secondary spermatogonial cysts, which developed following 20 days of FSH-treatment, degenerated during the second 20-day period of experimentation unless FSH-treatment was continued. Depending on the testicular condition, testosterone inhibited or stimulated spermatogenesis. If testes were treated for at least 20 days with FSH + testosterone and did not receive prior testosterone-treatment, testosterone inhibited the FSH-induced proliferation of secondary spermatogonia. Conversely, if FSH+testosterone treatment followed treatment with testosterone, testosterone enhanced the FSH-induced spermatogenesis.
Analyzing memory access intensity in parallel programs on multicore

As the shared memory bus becomes a major performance bottleneck for many numerical applications on multicore chips, understanding how the increased parallelism on chip strains the memory bandwidth and hence affects the efficiency of parallel codes becomes a critical issue. This paper introduces the notion of memory access intensity to facilitate quantitative analysis of program's memory behavior on multicores which employ state-of-the-art prefetching hardware. Three numerical solvers for large scale sparse linear systems are used to demonstrate the estimation of memory access intensity and its effect on program performance.
Leukocytes and Interferon in the Host Response to Viral Infections II. Enhanced Interferon Response of Leukocytes from Immune Animals

Glasgow, Lowell A. (University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N.Y.). Leukocytes and interferon in the host response to viral infections. II. Enhanced interferon response of leukocytes from immune animals. J. Bacteriol. 91:2185–2191. 1966.—The production of interferon was studied under in vitro conditions in peritoneal leukocytes or macrophages from mice immunized with Chikungunya virus (CV). Cultures of leukocytes obtained from animals immune to CV produced 2- to 10-fold greater amounts of interferon when exposed to an inoculum of CV than similar cell preparations from nonimmune, control animals. The viral inhibitor produced in increased quantity by CV-immune leukocytes had the biological and biochemical properties of interferon. The enhanced interferon production was inhibited by actinomycin D. This response of immune leukocytes was specific, and was initiated only by CV; it was not observed in leukocytes from animals immunized against other viruses which were challenged with CV. The presence of neutralizing antibody could not be related to this response. The observed increase in interferon production was not dependent upon an enhanced virus uptake. The data are presented as a possible new dimension of the “immune response” and may suggest a mechanism for the phenomenon of “tissue immunity.”
Complete protein linkage map between the P2 and P3 non-structural proteins of poliovirus.

All of the non-structural proteins of poliovirus, including their processing precursors, are involved in the replication of the viral RNA genome. These proteins assemble into a replication complex, which also contains the viral RNA and cellular factors. An understanding of how these viral proteins interact with each other would enhance our understanding of the molecular events occurring during poliovirus infection of the cell. Previously, we have employed the yeast two-hybrid system to construct two separate linkage maps for the polioviral P2 and P3 proteins, respectively. In the present study, we have searched for interacting pairs between the P2 and P3 proteins in a similar inducible yeast two-hybrid system. Although, the primary functions of the proteolytic products of the P2 and P3 domains of the polyprotein in the viral life cycle are different, we observed significant interactions between 2CATPase and 3AB; 2Apro and 3A, 3Cpro or 3Dpol; 2B and 3A or 3AB. All of the interactions were measured in the yeast two-hybrid system by exchanging the interacting pairs on the transcription-activation and DNA-binding constructs. In vitro GST pull-down assay suggested that the 2CATPase/3AB interaction involves both ionic and hydrophobic contacts between the two proteins. The possible biological implication of the interactions observed in the yeast two-hybrid system will be discussed.
Gupta's gambit

After summarizing the essential details of Anil Gupta’s account of perceptual justification in his book Empiricism and Experience, I argue for three claims: (1) Gupta’s proposal is closer to rationalism than advertised; (2) there is a major lacuna in Gupta’s account of how convergence in light of experience yields absolute entitlements to form beliefs; and (3) Gupta has not adequately explained how ordinary courses of experience can lead to convergence on a commonsense view of the world.
Acute ingestion of a novel whey-derived peptide improves vascular endothelial responses in healthy individuals: a randomized, placebo controlled trial.

Background: Whey protein is a potential source of bioactive peptides. Based on findings from in vitro experiments indicating a novel whey derived peptide (NOP-47) increased endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, we tested its effects on vascular function in humans. Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study design was used. Healthy men (n = 10) and women (n = 10) (25 ± 5 y, BMI = 24.3 ± 2.3 kg/m2) participated in two vascular testing days each preceded by 2 wk of supplementation with a single dose of 5 g/day of a novel whey-derived peptide (NOP-47) or placebo. There was a 2 wk washout period between trials. After 2 wk of supplementation, vascular function in the forearm and circulating oxidative stress and inflammatory related biomarkers were measured serially for 2 h after ingestion of 5 g of NOP-47 or placebo. Macrovascular and microvascular function were assessed using brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) and venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography. Results: Baseline peak FMD was not different for Placebo (7.7%) and NOP-47 (7.8%). Placebo had no effect on FMD at 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion (7.5%, 7.2%, and 7.6%, respectively) whereas NOP-47 significantly improved FMD responses at these respective postprandial time points compared to baseline (8.9%, 9.9%, and 9.0%; P < 0.0001 for time × trial interaction). Baseline reactive hyperemia forearm blood flow was not different for placebo (27.2 ± 7.2%/min) and NOP-47 (27.3 ± 7.6%/min). Hyperemia blood flow measured 120 min postingestion (27.2 ± 7.8%/min) was unaffected by placebo whereas NOP-47 significantly increased hyperemia compared to baseline (29.9 ± 7.8%/min; P = 0.008 for time × trial interaction). Plasma myeloperoxidase was increased transiently by both NOP-47 and placebo, but there were no changes in markers inflammation. Plasma total nitrites/nitrates significantly decreased over the 2 hr post-ingestion period and were lower at 120 min after placebo (-25%) compared to NOP-47 (-18%).
Relationships between sensory “gating out” and sensory “gating in” of auditory evoked potentials in schizophrenia: A pilot study

The interrelationship between the ability to inhibit incoming redundant input (gating out) and the ability of the brain to respond when the stimulus changes (gating in), has not been extensively examined. We administered a battery of auditory evoked potential tests to a group of chronic, medicated schizophrenia patients (N=12) and a group of healthy subjects (N=12) in order to examine relationships between "gating out" measures (suppression with repetition of the P50, N100, and P200 evoked responses), and the mismatch negativity (MMN) and the P300 event related potentials as measures of "gating in". Gating ratios for N100 and P200 in a visual attention paired-click task differed significantly between groups. Mismatch negativity and P300 potential amplitudes were also significantly reduced in the patient group. When including all subjects (N=24) a negative correlation was found between the P50 gating and the amplitude of the MMN. In healthy subjects this correlation was significantly stronger compared to schizophrenia patients. While no significant correlation was noted between the amplitudes of the P300 and any gating measures when all 24 subjects were included, a significant negative correlation was seen between the P200 gating and the P300 amplitudes in schizophrenia patients; an opposite trend was noted in healthy subjects. Finally, a positive correlation was seen between the P300 and MMN (to abstract deviance) amplitudes in healthy subjects, but the opposite was found in patients. These results suggest that further study of these interrelationships could inform the understanding of information processing abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Many Overlapping Peptides for Protein Hydrogen Exchange Experiments by the Fragment Separation-Mass Spectrometry Method

Measurement of the naturally occurring hydrogen exchange (HX) behavior of proteins can in principle provide highly resolved thermodynamic and kinetic information on protein structure, dynamics, and interactions. The HX fragment separation-mass spectrometry method (HX-MS) is able to measure hydrogen exchange in biologically important protein systems that are not accessible to NMR methods. In order to achieve high structural resolution in HX-MS experiments, it will be necessary to obtain many sequentially overlapping peptide fragments and be able to identify and analyze them efficiently and accurately by mass spectrometry. This paper describes operations which, when applied to four different proteins ranging in size from 140 to 908 residues, routinely provides hundreds of useful unique peptides, covering the entire protein length many times over. Coverage in terms of the average number of peptide fragments that span each amino acid exceeds 10. The ability to achieve these results required the integrated application of experimental methods that are described here and a computer analysis program, called ExMS, described in a following paper.