cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrooculographic (EOG) findings in manic-depressive illness.

An electooculographic (EOG) study was carried out in 20 depressed (12 with retarded and eight with agitated depression) and in 12 manic patients. Compared with controls, EOG ratios obtained from our patients' groups deffered significantly and were low in depressive and high in manic patients. Appropriate treatment (tricylics to depressives and halogperidol to manics) Restored EOG ration values to contol levels. The observed EOG changes in manic depressive illness are discusssed in terms of their origin and the involvement of a neuroendocrine, dopamine-controlled, mechanism is postulated.
Mechanical property improvement of carbon fiber reinforced polybenzoxazine by rubber interlayer

The rubber interlayer method was chosen in order to improve the properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polybenzoxazine composites. The resin used is benzoxazine based on bisphenol-A, formaldehyde and 3,5-xylidine. The effect of rubber concentration on the flexural properties of the composites is investigated. Sized and desized carbon fiber woven fabrics are used to study the effect of the sizing materials on the mechanical properties. The delamination toughness of the composites is increased by the ATBN rubber interlayer with increasing ATBN concentration. The strength of the composite also increased, but an anomalous concentration effect has been observed.
Molecular evolutionary rates predict both extinction and speciation in temperate angiosperm lineages

A positive relationship between diversification (i.e., speciation) and nucleotide substitution rates is commonly reported for angiosperm clades. However, the underlying cause of this relationship is often unknown because multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors can affect the relationship, and these have confounded previous attempts infer causation. Determining which factor drives this oft-reported correlation can lend insight into the macroevolutionary process. Using a new database of 13 time-calibrated angiosperm phylogenies based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, and controlling for extrinsic variables of life history and habitat, I evaluated several potential intrinsic causes of this correlation. Speciation rates (λ) and relative extinction rates (e) were positively correlated with mean substitution rates, but were uncorrelated with substitution rate heterogeneity. It is unlikely that the positive diversification-substitution correlation is due to accelerated molecular evolution during speciation (e.g., via enhanced selection or drift), because punctuated increases in ITS rate (i.e., greater mean and variation in ITS rate for rapidly speciating clades) were not observed. Instead, fast molecular evolution likely increases speciation rate (via increased mutational variation as a substrate for selection and reproductive isolation) but also increases extinction (via mutational genetic load). In general, these results predict that clades with higher background substitution rates may undergo successful diversification under new conditions while clades with lower substitution rates may experience decreased extinction during environmental stasis.
On the Universality of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Phenomenon

In [4] (chap. 6) von Neumann deduced a canonical form for the states of a quantum system composite of two sub-systems, but he did not discuss the uniqueness of this representation. In [3] Margenau and Park discussed a generalized form of the Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen paradox. In [1], [2] Baracca, Bergia, Can-nata, Ruffo and Savoia remarked that von Neumann’s theorem might be interpreted as describing a generalized EPR type situation. In fact, the statement of von Neumann’s theorem can be expressed by saying that any state of a composite system can be written in the form discussed by Margenau and Park in [3]. These authors also discussed how to generalize the EPR construction in the case when a Lie group is involved.
Identification, prevention and treatment: a review of individual-focused strategies to reduce problematic alcohol consumption by college students.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review and assess the existing body of literature on individually focused preven- tion and treatment approaches for college student drinking. Method: Studies that evaluate the overall efficacy of an approach by measuring behavioral outcomes such as reductions in alcohol use and associated negative consequences were included. All studies discussed utilized at least one outcome measure focused on behavioral change and included a control or comparison condition; however, not all trials were random- ized. Results: Consistent with the results of previous reviews, little evi- dence exists for the utility of educational or awareness programs. Cognitive-behavioral skills-based interventions and brief motivational feedback (including mailed graphic feedback) have consistently yielded greater support for their efficacy than have informational interventions. Conclusions: There is mixed support for values clarification and nor- mative reeducation approaches. Much of the research suffers from seri- ous methodological limitations. The evidence from this review suggests that campuses would best serve the student population by implement- ing brief, motivational or skills-based interventions, targeting high-risk students identified either through brief screening in health care centers or other campus settings or through membership in an identified risk group (e.g., freshmen, Greek organization members, athletes, mandated students). More research is needed to determine effective strategies for identifying, recruiting and retaining students in efficacious individually focused prevention services, and research on mandated student preven- tion services is an urgent priority. Integration between campus policies and individually oriented prevention approaches is recommended. (J. Stud. Alcohol, Supplement No. 14: 148-163, 2002)
Activity of pulmonary edema fluid interleukin-8 bound to α2-macroglobulin in patients with acute lung injury

The formation of α2-macroglobulin (α2-M)/interleukin-8 (IL-8) complexes may influence the biological activity of IL-8 and the quantitative assessment of IL-8 activity. Therefore, in this study, con...
Detecting Encrypted Interactive Stepping-Stone Connections

Network intruders often hide their identities by sending attacks through a chain of compromised hosts that are used as "stepping stones". The difficulty in defending against such attacks lies in detecting stepping-stone connections at the compromised hosts. In this paper, to distinguish normal from attacking connections, we consider strategies that do not depend on the content of the traffic so that they are applicable to encrypted traffic. We propose a low complexity detection algorithm that has no miss detection and an exponentially-decaying false alarm probability. A sequential strategy is then developed to reduce the required number of testing packets.
A dynamo model interpretation of geomagnetic field structures

We present numerical dynamo models which qualitatively reproduce some structural charac- teristics of the present-day geomagnetic field. Time- dependent convection in an electrically conducting, ro- tating spherical shell at Ekman numbers 1 - 3 x l0 -4 generates dipole-dominated magnetic fields, which ex- hibit distinct bundles of strong radial flux at high la- titudes, low flux over the poles, and paired spots of reversed flux near the equator, suggestive of the geo- magnetic field pattern at the core-mantle boundary. In our model these structures result from high magnetic Reynolds number, helical convection in columns paral- lel to the spin axis and rising plumes near the poles.
Increasing spectral efficiency through power control

The authors derive the spectral efficiency of narrow-band fading channels when channel estimation and transmitter feedback are used. They also determine an optimal policy for fading channels that achieves the maximum spectral efficiency by adapting the transmit power, data rate, and coding scheme. This is in contrast to a common policy which adapts only the transmit power to maintain a constant received SNR. Such constant power policies need to allocate most of their average power to compensate deep fades, thereby significantly reducing their spectral efficiency. The authors therefore propose a modified constant power policy which maintains a constant SNR at the receive only when the fade level is above an optimized threshold level. Although the modified policy is relatively simple, it performs very close to the optimal policy. The authors also analyze the spectral efficiency of uncoded M-QAM for adjustable and constant rate/power policies, and determine the maximum possible coding gain for M-QAM. >
Association between survival after treatment for breast cancer and glutathione S-transferase P1 Ile105Val polymorphism.

A glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1 polymorphism results in an amino acid substitution, Ile105Val; the Val-containing enzyme has reduced activity toward alkylating agents. Cancer patients with the variant enzyme may differ in removal of treatment agents and in outcomes of therapy. We evaluated survival according to GSTP1 genotype among women (n = 240) treated for breast cancer. Women with the low-activity Val/Val genotype had better survival. Compared with Ile/Ile, hazard ratios for overall survival were 0.8 (95% confidence interval, 0.5–1.3) for Ile/Val and 0.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.1–1.0) for Val/Val (P for trend = 0.04). Inherited metabolic variability may influence treatment outcomes.
Immobilization considerations for proton radiation therapy.

Proton therapy is rapidly developing as a mainstream modality for external beam radiation therapy. This development is largely due to the ability of protons to deposit much of their energy in a region known as the Bragg peak, minimizing the number of treatment fields and hence integral dose delivered to the patient. Immobilization in radiation therapy is a key component in the treatment process allowing for precise delivery of dose to the target volume and this is certainly true in proton therapy. In proton therapy immobilization needs to not only immobilize the patient, placing them in a stable and reproducible position for each treatment, but its impact on the depth dose distribution and range uncertainty must also be considered. The impact of immobilization on range is not a primary factor in X-ray radiation therapy, but it is a governing factor in proton therapy. This contribution describes the immobilization considerations in proton therapy which have been developed at Loma Linda over twenty plus yea...
Effectiveness of Stevia Rebaudiana Whole Leaf Extract Against the Various Morphological Forms of Borrelia Burgdorferi in Vitro

Lyme disease is a tick-borne multisystemic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Administering antibiotics is the primary treatment for this disease; however, relapse often occurs when antibiotic treatment is discontinued. The reason for relapse remains unknown, but recent studies suggested the possibilities of the presence of antibiotic resistant Borrelia persister cells and biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of whole leaf Stevia extract against B. burgdorferi spirochetes, persisters, and biofilm forms in vitro. The susceptibility of the different forms was evaluated by various quantitative techniques in addition to different microscopy methods. The effectiveness of Stevia was compared to doxycycline, cefoperazone, daptomycin, and their combinations. Our results demonstrated that Stevia had significant effect in eliminating B. burgdorferi spirochetes and persisters. Subculture experiments with Stevia and antibiotics treated cells were established for 7 and 14 days yielding, no and ...
The Potato War

Like every prince of his day Joseph had received a very thorough military education. Indeed, in spite of his lifelong love for the army he later had reason to complain that other equally important subjects had been neglected in favor of the study of warfare. So far as we can judge from those of his copybooks which have been preserved, one theme was constantly drummed into him by his tutors, namely that attack was the key to military success. There are many passages laboriously copied out by the perhaps fifteen-year old crown prince which maintain that the defense of fortified places is extremely difficult, if not altogether impossible because of the superiority of the methods of attack over those of defense. The best the defenders can hope to achieve is to slow up the advance of the attackers.1 Yet in the war with Prussia which Joseph now, in the summer of 1778, saw himself constrained to fight the Austrians devoted themselves almost entirely to the defense of fortified places or lines and did not undertake one offensive operation worthy of notice. This was not the consequence of some startling revolt of the Emperor against the teachings of his youth but rather the result of the military philosophy which had come to prevail in the Austrian general staff. This, in turn, was the direct issue of the campaigns of the Seven Years’ War.
Controlling the spatial orientation of molecular actuators: polarized photoisomerization of 2-nitro-9-(2,2,2-triphenylethylidene)fluorene in a thin polymer matrix.

The molecule 2-nitro-9-(2,2,2-triphenylethylidene)fluorene (NTEF) was studied as a potential light-driven molecular motor. Absorption at 355 nm causes a reversible spatial reorientation of the angular distribution of the dibenzofulvene rotor moiety of NTEF when immobilized in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix adsorbed on a fused silica surface in air at room temperature. The photoreorientation dynamics was probed by polarized normal incidence cavity ringdown spectroscopy (NICRDS) when the matrix was irradiated by linearly polarized “drive” light. Polarized drive irradiation at 355 nm creates a “hole” in the angular distribution of the molecular transition dipoles. Changing the polarization of the drive beam refills the hole, creating a new hole. A stochastic model was fitted to the experimental hole burning measurements to obtain a photoreorientation quantum yield (Φreorient = 0.014). The photoreorientation process appears to be driven by photoisomerization of the exocyclic dibenzofulvene double b...
EPID-18THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ALLERGIC CONDITIONS AND PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS IN NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1

Evidence from studies of brain tumors, particularly adult gliomas, suggests that allergic conditions may protect against these tumors. It is widely recognized that individuals with the common genetic syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), are predisposed to developing pediatric brain tumors (PBTs), particularly optic gliomas; however, risk factors are not well defined. In this study, we sought to evaluate associations between allergic conditions and PBTs in NF1. NF1 subjects were ascertained from two data sources: (1) the NF1 Patient Registry Initiative (NPRI, n = 1672) and (2) medical records (MRs) from a large medical center (n = 629). Using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), we determined associations between NPRI participant- or MR-reported PBTs and allergic condition diagnoses (allergies, asthma, and eczema). We observed significant positive associations between medication allergies and PBTs for both data sources, but not for other allergy types or eczema. Weak non-significant inverse associations between PBTs and asthma were observed (NPRI: OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.55-1.17; MR: OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.40-1.28), with a significant inverse association (OR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.36-0.89) detected in an NPRI subgroup analysis that excluded PBT cases (and a matched non-case) whose asthma diagnosis was reported to occur after their PBT diagnosis. No significant associations were observed in similar analyses for eczema or allergies. In conclusion, our study supports a possible role for asthma in PBT risk in NF1. However, these results should be considered exploratory in light of limitations of both data sources with additional replication required to make firm conclusions.
A randomized double-blind prospective trial of two doses of gestrinone in the treatment of endometriosis

The purpose of this randomized double blind prospective trial was to study the efficacy and safety of two doses of oral gestrinone in the treatment of endometriosis. Six patients received gestrinone 1.25mg twice weekly (group I) and six patients received gestrinone 2.5mg twice weekly (group II). Patients underwent pretreatment and post-treatment laparoscopics and their endometriosis scores were recorded. The mean total endometriosis scores declined significantly from 20.0±5.2 (mean±standard error of the mean) pretreatment to 9.5±3.9 post-treatment in group I and from 19.1±4.8 pretreatment to 7.1±2.1 post-treatment in group II. A total of 67% of patients reported side effects. This study suggests that oral gestrinone 1.25mg or 2.5mg twice weekly is efficacious and safe in the treatment of endometriosis.
Effects of adenosine on canine penile erection.

Abstract We investigated the hemodynamic effects of intracavernous injection of adenosine on canine penile erection. In all ten dogs studied, adenosine induced a dose-dependent increase of intracavernous pressure (ICP). Adenosine (0.67 to 15 μg./kg.,B.W.) increased arterial blood flow by 83 to 325 percent above baseline levels and also increased venous resistance, which resulted in a full erection (ICP = 80 to 140 cm. H2O) for one to 7 minutes. The repeatability of the adenosine effect was confirmed in eight dogs. We found that adenosine, by virtue of its smooth muscle relaxation properties, can induce a dose-dependent increase of ICP and cause a full erection in dogs.
Waveform Tomography for Two Parameters in Elastic Media Applied to Cross-Well Geophysics

In this paper, we developed one waveform tomography method for P velocity and density inversion in elastic media. Starting from the elastic wave equation, we derived one P wave equation which includes the scattered terms of P-wave to P-wave conversion and S-wave to P-wave conversion. By discretizing the scattering integral equation corresponding to this equation directly, we can obtain one equation corresponding to each point on the waveform. The result of this formulation is a very large system of algebraic equations that is solved using ART and SIRT. The results of computational simulation applied to cross-hole geometry show that our method is valid when the velocity and density perturbation is not very large. Next we will extend this method to heterogeneous media and apply it to real field data.
Universality of human microbial dynamics

Human-associated microbial communities have a crucial role in determining our health and well-being, and this has led to the continuing development of microbiome-based therapies such as faecal microbiota transplantation. These microbial communities are very complex, dynamic and highly personalized ecosystems, exhibiting a high degree of inter-individual variability in both species assemblages and abundance profiles. It is not known whether the underlying ecological dynamics of these communities, which can be parameterized by growth rates, and intra- and inter-species interactions in population dynamics models, are largely host-independent (that is, universal) or host-specific. If the inter-individual variability reflects host-specific dynamics due to differences in host lifestyle, physiology or genetics, then generic microbiome manipulations may have unintended consequences, rendering them ineffective or even detrimental. Alternatively, microbial ecosystems of different subjects may exhibit universal dynamics, with the inter-individual variability mainly originating from differences in the sets of colonizing species. Here we develop a new computational method to characterize human microbial dynamics. By applying this method to cross-sectional data from two large-scale metagenomic studies--the Human Microbiome Project and the Student Microbiome Project--we show that gut and mouth microbiomes display pronounced universal dynamics, whereas communities associated with certain skin sites are probably shaped by differences in the host environment. Notably, the universality of gut microbial dynamics is not observed in subjects with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection but is observed in the same set of subjects after faecal microbiota transplantation. These results fundamentally improve our understanding of the processes that shape human microbial ecosystems, and pave the way to designing general microbiome-based therapies.
Prayer as the “Lifeline of Theology”:

The thesis of this essay is that—before writing—theologians should get to know their subject matter. Prayer is the lifeline of theology, because God is the subject matter of theology and prayer is ...
Evaluation of Fracture Without Known Trauma: Use of DXA in Differential Diagnosis

The possibility of physical child abuse or nonaccidental injury (NAI) has to be considered whenever an infant or child presents with multiple fractures. Clinicians have a duty to exclude accidental injury as well as any underlying medical disorder associated with diminished bone strength that can lead to fracture. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the most common bone disorder considered in the differential diagnosis of a young child with unexplained fractures. For the majority of children with unexplained fractures, the diagnosis of NAI or OI can be reached with a detailed clinical history, a thorough clinical examination by a clinician experienced in bone disorders, and a skeletal survey interpreted by an experienced pediatric radiologist. DXA measurements rarely help to distinguish healthy infants who have been victims of abuse from those with milder types of OI. This chapter reviews role of bone densitometry in discriminating between healthy infants and children with possible NAI from those with OI. Details are also provided on non-ambulant children with cerebral palsy and those with congenital insensitivity to pain who are prone to fragility fracture.
Preanesthetic Assessment of the Patient with Coagulopathies

Summary In evaluating the perioperative patient with coagulopathies, a detailed history and physical examination aid in the appropriate selection of in vivo and in vitro coagulation studies. The hemostatic mechanism is composed of four components, vascular reaction, platelet function, coagulation cascade, and clot lysis. Once vascular integrity is lost, bleeding occurs. Normally, these four components function simultaneously to provide rapid and localized hemostasis. Injured blood vessels reduce their blood flow by vasoconstriction, shunting, and tissue swelling. The exposed subendothelial vascular lining allows platelets to adhere to and plug the vascular injury. The platelet plug itself only temporarily stops bleeding. The platelet surface initiates and supports the enzymatic reactions of the coagulation cascade. This cascade reinforces the platelet plug with a fibrin meshwork that leads to a stable clot. To reestablish normal blood flow in a previously injured vessel, clot lysis is required to remove the fibrin clot and any trapped platelets. Abnormalities of the hemostatic mechanism can lead to persistent bleeding or excessive thrombosis. Once the reason for a coagulopathy is discovered, the appropriate therapy can be instituted.
Oxycodone self-administration in male and female rats

Oxycodone is one of the most widely prescribed painkillers in the USA. However, its use is complicated by high abuse potential. As sex differences have been described in drug addiction, the present study tested for sex differences in intravenous oxycodone self-administration in rats. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with jugular vein catheters and trained to self-administer oxycodone (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) under fixed ratio 1 (FR1), FR2, and FR5 schedules of reinforcement followed by a dose-response study to assess sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of oxycodone. In separate rats, sucrose pellet self-administration was assessed under an FR1 schedule to determine whether sex differences in oxycodone self-administration could be generalized across reinforcers. In separate rats, oxycodone distribution to plasma and brain was measured after intravenous drug delivery. In the first 3 trials under an FR1 schedule of reinforcement, male rats self-administered more oxycodone than females. In contrast, females self-administered more sucrose pellets. Under FR2 and FR5 schedules, no significant sex differences in oxycodone intake were observed, although female rats had significantly more inactive lever presses. Male and female rats showed similar inverted U-shaped dose-effect functions, with females tending to self-administer more oxycodone than males at higher doses. No significant sex differences were observed in plasma or brain oxycodone levels, suggesting that sex differences in oxycodone self-administration behavior were not due to pharmacokinetics. Our results suggest subtle sex differences in oxycodone self-administration, which may influence the abuse liability of oxycodone and have ramifications for prescription opioid addiction treatment.
Retrospective Analysis of Point-of-Care and Laboratory-Based Hemoglobin A1c Testing

Background: Glycemic control is essential to diabetic management, and hemoglobin A 1c (Hb A 1c ) has long been used for this purpose. Though laboratory-based testing is standard, point-of-care (POC) systems provide rapid results in clinic, allowing more timely patient management. A negative bias with POC testing has been observed, and our aim is to further characterize these discrepancies at our institution. Methods: A medical record search identified patients who underwent laboratory-based and/or POC Hb A 1c testing (DCA Vantage™) at our medical center from July 2015 to April 2016. Patients who underwent both tests within 30 days were grouped by age, sex, and test interval (same day, t -test. Correlation statistics were determined using the Deming regression. Results: In total, 40503 data points were gathered from the database, comprising 28555 laboratory-based Hb A 1c tests and 11948 POC-based Hb A1c tests. A total of 28292 unique patients were identified, of which 493 underwent both tests within 30 days. While DCA and laboratory-based testing was highly correlated, there was a mean negative bias of 0.18% with POC testing. Bias was greater for women [0.17% higher (95% CI, 0.063%–0.284%), P = 0.002] and children aged 0–13 years [0.52% higher (95% CI, 0.141%–0.891%), P = 0.007]. Conclusions: There is a consistent negative bias with POC testing, most pronounced in the female and pediatric populations. Further studies will determine what variables contribute to this discrepancy and how clinical management is modified. POC testing using the DCA Vantage should be interpreted cautiously.
Should They Be Recruited? Fan Perceptions of Deviant Student-Athletes

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine fan opinion toward the active recruitment of prospective student-athletes with deviant pasts. College football fans were surveyed to determine to what extent the deviant behavior of a prospective student-athlete impacted how much they would support their favorite team recruiting that athlete. There were three primary findings: (a) deviant behavior negatively impacts a prospective student-athlete’s fan support score, (b) assault of a female student is the most severe deviant behavior in which an athlete could engage, and (c) White recruits were judged more harshly for using illegal drugs when compared to Black recruits.
Psychiatric Office Treatment of Alcoholism

It has been estimated that there are about 9,000,000 alcoholics in the United States. In New York City there are about 400,000 alcoholics. During the past 15 years there has been an increasing number of alcoholism treatment facilities developed in New York City. However, only about 5% of alcoholics in need of treatment are currently receiving it. There is only a handful of psychiatrists, nonpsychiatric physicians, and other professionals who are willing and able to treat alcoholics effectively in their private offices so that only a small number of alcoholics who could afford private treatment receive it. The shortage of trained professionals interested in treating alcoholics in their own offices is even more severe than in institutional settings. This problem is probably of even greater proportion outside large urban areas that do not have large concentrations of health-care resources.
Impact of surgical approach and patient factors on Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey scoring in gynecologic surgery.

Abstract Objective We sought to compare the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey responses of women who underwent gynecologic surgery at our institution across patient factors and surgical approach. Methods We identified patients with returned HCAHPS surveys following an inpatient laparoscopic surgery or laparotomy in gynecologic surgery from 10/1/2012–9/30/2015. Exclusions included patient age Results Of 403 women who met inclusion criteria, 109 (27%) underwent laparoscopic surgery (19% laparoscopic hysterectomy and 8% other laparoscopic procedures) and 294 (73%) laparotomy (28% open hysterectomy and 47% other open procedures). Length of stay (LOS) was longer for laparotomy cases vs. laparoscopy cases (median 2.5days following open hysterectomy and 4days following other open procedures vs 1day following laparoscopic hysterectomy and other laparoscopic procedures, p Conclusion In Gynecologic Surgery, patients undergoing laparotomy gave lower hospital ratings compared to laparoscopy. Those with longer LOS reported poorer patient experience, which is the driving variable for lower scores. In the future, it may be necessary to adjust for surgical approach when reporting patient experience scoring.
Data Sources and Data Tools

Data Sources and Data Tools offers an introduction to the basic concepts of strategically finding and evaluating publically available data for health analysis. Leading data providers and sources, at the local, state, and national levels, are introduced and reviewed as exemplars. In the evolving and dynamic universe of available health data, a variety of statistical tools and techniques as well as methods to organize complex work schemes are necessary for data acquisition, management, and interpretation.
Resource Allocation in Highly Dynamic Device-to-Device Communication: An Adaptive Set Multi-Cover Approach

Device-to-device (D2D) communication has recently gained much attention for its potential to boost the capacity of cellular systems. D2D enables direct communication between devices while bypassing a base station (BS), hence decreasing the load of BSs and increasing the network throughput via spatial reuse of radio resources. However, the cellular system is highly dynamic, an optimal allocation plan of radio resource to D2D links at one time point can easily become suboptimal when devices move. Thus, to maximize spatial reuse in cellular systems, it is crucial to update the resource allocation adaptively to reflect the current system status. In this paper, we develop the first adaptive solution framework to the dynamic resource problem for maximizing spatial reuse. At the core of the framework, we present the two algorithms for the adaptive set multicover problem with approximation ratio $f$ and $\log n$ , respectively, where $f$ is the frequency of the most frequent element and $n$ is the total number of elements. The experimental results not only show that our solutions have a significant improvement in running time, compared with optimal or approximated offline methods, but also demonstrate their good performance through the resource usage, network throughput, and other metrics.
Could Postnatal Age–Related Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid Be a Rate-Limiting Factor in the Metabolism of Morphine During the First Week of Life?

Neonates experience dramatic changes in the disposition of drugs after birth as a result of enzyme maturation and environmental adjustment, challenging therapeutic decision making. In this research, we establish postnatal age, postmenstrual age, and body weight as physiologically reasonable predictors of morphine's clearance in neonates. By integrating knowledge of bilirubin, morphine, and other drugs metabolized by glucuronidation pathways from previously published studies, we hypothesize that uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, a postnatal age-dependent sugar, plays an important role in the metabolism of morphine during the first week of life. This finding can be extended to other drugs metabolized by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase pathways in neonates and thus has important clinical implications for the use of drugs in this population.
MRI of the Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) Disorder: Radiomics Analysis Correlates With Surgical and Pathological Outcome

BACKGROUND Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in women with previous cesarean delivery has become increasingly prevalent. Depending on the severity, patient management may involve cesarean hysterectomy. PURPOSE To investigate textural analyses as the radiomics in MRI of the placenta in predicting the PAS requiring cesarean hysterectomy in a high-risk population. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION Sixty-two women with prior cesarean delivery referred for MRI because of sonographic suspicion for PAS. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T with T1 W, T2 W, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). ASSESSMENT Two reviewers independently evaluated MR images based on five established PAS variables. Placental regions of interest (ROIs) were generated on T2 W, DWI, and an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, based on definitions of areas of placenta in proximity to and remote from previous surgical incision sites. STATISTICAL TESTS Reader agreement was assessed by simple kappa and prevalence adjusted bias adjusted kappa (PABAK). T-tests and chi-square analyses between the primary outcome (hysterectomy vs. no hysterectomy) were performed. Thirteen Haralick texture features calculated from gray-level co-occurrence matrixes were extracted from manually drawn placental ROIs within each of three MR acquisitions. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the association with cesarean hysterectomy. RESULTS Of 62 pregnancies at risk for PAS, 40 required cesarean hysterectomy (65%), with excellent correlation between need for hysterectomy and pathology confirmation of PAS in the hysterectomy specimen [κ = 0.82 (0.62, 1)]. Reader agreement was fair to moderate. Of the 13 Haralick variables within each of three acquisition groups, significant differences (P < 0.05) were seen in 22 of 39 parameters comparing placental ROIs in proximity to incision scar(s) to those ROIs remote from scar. A stepwise selection algorithm indicated that the combination of T2 W Fcm.sum.var , ADC Fcm.diff.entr , and DWI Fcm.energy gave the highest leave-one-out-AUC of 0.80 (0.68, 0.91). DATA CONCLUSION Assessment of PAS severity is subjective and dependent on radiologist expertise. We identified textural features on placental MR images in the region of the prior uterine scar that differentiated pregnancies requiring cesarean hysterectomy based on clinical suspicion of PAS from those that did not, suggesting predictive capabilities of these objective radiomics features. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:936-946.
Reactivity of Cu and Co Nanoparticles Supported onMo-Doped MgO

First-principles density functional theory calculations are used to study the presence of Mo in the MgO support and its effect on the adsorption of Cu and Co nanocatalyst particles, as well as the ...
The Healing Pillars of Collegiate Recovery: A Community College Model of Recovery and Education

In this article, the authors present a collegiate recovery model of service that prioritizes a programmatic approach and intentionally designed services, activities, and mentoring that is structure...
A Proportion of Self-Collected Rectal Swabs Yield Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sequences Phylogenetically Related to Those from Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA

We determined HIV-1 pol gene sequences from self-collected rectal swabs of HIV-positive young men who have sex with men and transgender women. HIV-1 pol was amplified from 39/96 (41%) rectal swabs,...
Primary sclerosing cholangitis: diagnostic performance of MRI compared to blood tests and clinical scoring systems for the evaluation of histopathological severity of disease

To assess the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to blood tests and clinical scoring systems for the evaluation of histopathologic severity in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Fifty-one patients (M/F 37/14, mean age 41 years) with PSC who underwent MRI and liver histopathology were included in this IRB-approved retrospective study. Two radiologists independently graded the severity of biliary abnormalities on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) using a standardized scoring system, parenchymal enhancement, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) signal. Liver function tests, Mayo Risk score, APRI, FIB-4 Index, MELD, and Child–Pugh scores were recorded. Histopathology was assessed using a modified Nakanuma’s scoring system. Correlation and diagnostic performance of MRI scores and blood tests for assessment of PSC histopathologic disease severity were evaluated. Findings of cirrhosis and portal hypertension were the only imaging features diagnostic of advanced PSC (stages 3 and 4) with AUC up to 0.90 (p < 0.001) for both observers. Parenchymal enhancement and overall qualitative biliary ductal abnormality identified advanced PSC stage with AUC up to 0.767 (p = 0.002) only for one observer. There was weak correlation between the overall qualitative biliary ductal abnormality on MRCP and histopathologic stage (r = 0.36, p = 0.01) for one observer. FIB-4 index, Child–Pugh, MELD, Mayo Risk, APRI, and alkaline phosphatase demonstrated good to excellent performance for advanced PSC stage (AUCs 0.672–0.915, p < 0.045). MRI findings of cirrhosis/portal hypertension, blood tests, and clinical scoring systems had high performance for advanced histopathologic PSC stage diagnosis, while the severity of biliary abnormalities on MRI did not.
Accounting for drivers' bicycling frequency and familiarity with bicycle infrastructure treatments when evaluating safety.

Abstract Municipalities in the United States often encourage bicycling for the health, economic, and environmental benefits by implementing new and innovative bicycle infrastructure treatments. Unfortunately, many treatments are unfamiliar to or misunderstood by drivers, especially when lacking explicit rules (e.g., shared lanes). To date, research has largely investigated bicycle infrastructure from a bicyclist's perspective, but with little research from the driver's perspective. The objective of this research is to utilize a driving simulator to investigate driver behavior towards different bicycle infrastructure treatments when driver behavior is not provoked by an interaction with bicyclists. More specifically, this research intends to investigate the impact of bicycling frequency and treatment familiarity, as well as the combined effect of the two, on driver behavior at each treatment type. The treatments investigated are shared lane markings called “sharrows”, standard bike lanes, bike boxes, and merge lanes. The results show that bicycling frequency significantly affects the proportion of drivers making eye glances at treatments. In addition, drivers more familiar with bike boxes stopped significantly further back from bike boxes, and drivers more familiar with merge lanes performed the merge maneuver significantly earlier. Furthermore, driver speed and lane positioning at bike lanes was significantly affected by the combination of bike lane familiarity and bicycling frequency, but not individually. This research is a first step towards understanding driver behavior and expectation of bicyclists; an essential understanding for infrastructure treatments that do not provide physical barriers between bicycles and automobiles, and instead rely on driver behavior for safety.
Management of breech presentations in developing country hospitals.

This paper reports the results of an analysis of singleton breech presentations alive at the onset of labor and with no congenital anomalies. There is no significant benefit from abdominal delivery for small or very small babies because developing country hospitals lack the neonatal care facilities to care for the low birth weight babies. For babies over 2500 grams vaginally delivered babies are more than twice as likely to die before their mothers are discharged from the hospital. Parous women are more likely than are primipara to safely deliver breeches vaginally. In developing countries the possibility of maternal morbidity is at once greater and more serious because of fewer resources to provide adequate care. In deciding whether to deliver a breech abdominally or vaginally physicians should ask the following questions: 1) Are neonatal care facilities adequate for the small baby delivered alive? 2) What is the mothers parity and what are her future reproductive plans? 3) Will future deliveries occur at home or in a hospital? 4) Will she consider tubaligation at the time of cesarean section? 5) What is the hospitals record of maternal morbidity and mortality for cesarean sections? and 6) What is the physicians skill in delivering breeches vaginally and in performing cesarean sections?
Indoor temperature and relative humidity in hospitals: workplace considerations during the novel coronavirus pandemic.

The link between seasonal variation and viral outbreaks is a topic of much debate.1 It is postulated that cold temperatures increase viral half-lives and that low relative humidity (RH) adversely influences natural processes that otherwise lead to viral inactivation.2 3 As such, there is a growing interest in whether indoor temperature and RH may be modifiable risk factors for aerial transmission of viruses. Indeed, preclinical studies and observational data suggest that high temperature as well as RH in the 40%–60% range may reduce transmission of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19).4 5 And although high humidity has been shown to reduce transmission of various other aerosolised …
Developing Work Passion Through the Culture of Play: Ethnographic Exploration

Performing one’s work with passion is challenging but a rewarding experience. How organizations may create contexts for development of work passion is, however, insufficiently understood. We conduc...
Catalytic and autocatalytic chemical processes in the atmosphere

Abstract Many reactions involved in the chemistry of the atmosphere are well described by fundamental elementary reactions and the sequence of these reactions. The collection of elementary reactions is used to model the chemical transformation of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere. A glaring omission, however, is how catalysts in the atmosphere influence this chemistry and elementary reactions that describe it. This chapter reviews the influence and impact that atmospheric catalysts have on atmospheric chemistry.
The Interface Between Quality Improvement and Law

A solid legal footing provides the framework and benchmarks for credible, persuasive, accountable quality management activities. Medical quality management (MQM) should reflect prevailing societal preferences, establishing a balance between the interests of patients, practitioners, institutional providers, health plans, regulatory agencies, and the general public. Legal standards help to ensure that these preferences are honored and bring clarity and accountability to the process. The quality of care delivered in a facility or health plan is directly influenced by the organization’s quality improvement (QI) activities, including regulatory and accreditation compliance, provider credentialing, risk management, and clinical peer review.
New Insights Into the Seasonal Movement Patterns of Shortfin Mako Sharks in the Gulf of Mexico

Highly mobile apex predators such as the shortfin mako shark (mako shark; Isurus oxyrinchus) serve an important role in the marine ecosystem, and despite their declining populations and vulnerability to overexploitation, this species is frequently harvested in high abundance in both commercial and recreational fisheries. In 2017, the North Atlantic stock was deemed overfished and to be undergoing overfishing and was recently listed in CITES Appendix II. Effective management of this species requires detailed information on their movements and habitat use, which is lacking, especially in the Gulf of Mexico, a potential mating and parturition ground. In this study, we used satellite telemetry to track the movements of mako sharks in the western Gulf of Mexico between 2016 and 2020. In contrast to previous studies that have primarily tagged juvenile mako sharks (>80% juveniles), ~80% of sharks tagged in this study (7 of 9) were presumed to be mature based on published size-at-maturity data. Sharks were tracked for durations ranging from 10 – 887 days (mean = 359 days; median = 239 days) with three mature individuals tracked for >2 years. Mako sharks tagged in this study used more of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico than reported in previous movement studies on juveniles, suggesting potential evidence of size segregation. While one mature female remained in the Gulf of Mexico over a >2-year period, predominantly on the continental shelf, two mature males demonstrated seasonal migrations ~2,500 km from the tagging location off the Texas coast to the Caribbean Sea and northeastern U.S. Atlantic coast, respectively. During these migrations, mako sharks traversed at least 12 jurisdictional boundaries, which also exposed individuals to varying levels of fishing pressure and harvest regulations. Movement ecology of this species, especially for mature individuals in the western North Atlantic, has been largely unknown until recently. These data included here supplement existing information on mako shark movement ecology and potential stock structure that could help improve management of the species, especially given the prescribed long-term rebuilding plan and the bleak predictions for stock recovery even if no retention policies were adopted throughout the fishery.
Puberty Suppression in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents: Timely Care for Optimal Outcomes

In this perspective, we argue that pubertal suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues is a safe reversible intervention that should be made available to transgender and gender-diver...
A qualitative analysis of social and emotional perspectives of airline passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background Fear of illness, economic damage, and stigma have had a devastating impact on the travel industry and have caused a significant reduction in both business and leisure travel. This study examines passengers' social and emotional perspectives during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, building on a prior quantitative study that identified factors that predict a person's willingness to fly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological perspective and hermeneutic design. Fifteen adults from the United States participated in a personal interview designed to capture demographics, individual safety measures, feelings, and concerns involving air travel during the pandemic. Personal interview transcripts were then inspected by the researchers using a constant comparison method. Results The personal experiences of participants were dominated by projections of trust issues and emotional heuristics, protective behaviors, and fear of confrontations with others, and a fear of the unknown. These themes emerged even in participants who continued to fly during the pandemic. Conclusion Insights into travelers’ emotions, trust, and fears may help airlines and other segments of the travel industry to develop targeted messaging that supports the trust and safety issues confronted by frequent travelers.