cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Presence of Ti (WT31) negative T lymphocytes in normal blood and thymus

The antigen receptor expressed on most T lymphocytes is a disulphide-linked heterodimer (Ti) that is composed of α-chain and β-chain subunits1–6. On the surface of human T lymphocytes, Ti is non-covalently associated with three invariant proteins, designated CD3-γ, -δ, and -e7. It has been suggested that Ti is obligatory for CD3 expression8,9. But a T leukaemia cell line10, IL-2 (interleukin 2) dependent T-cell clones established from fetal blood11 and IL-2 dependent cell lines established from immunodeficiency patients with bare lymphocyte syndrome and ectodermal dysplasia syndrome12 have recently been shown to express CD3, but not Ti13 (detected due to monoclonal antibody WT31). These lymphocytes may express the product of the T-cell antigen receptor γ (TCR-γ) gene, rather than the α/β heterodimer, in association with CD310,12. Preliminary studies suggested that T cells expressing CD3 but lacking Ti are present in low frequency in normal lymphoid tissues10,12. Here we show that in normal blood and thymus CD3+, WT31−T cells express neither CD4 nor CD8. The low frequency (<0.2–0.9% of total thymocytes) of CD3+, WT31− cells in the thymus suggests that this population does not represent a major stage of thymic development and may be a distinct lineage of T cells.
Reaction of the Butadiene Cation with Ethylene in the Gas Phase

The structure of the addition product formed in the reaction of the trans-1,3-butadiene radical cation with ethylene is examined by using a flowing afterglow−triple quadrupole instrument. Energy-re...
Immunochemical evidence of phosphorylation of a new 23K basic protein in rat brain myelin.

Myelin from developing rat brain (8–44 day-old rat) was incubated in vitro with [γ-32P]ATP to determine how many basic proteins were phosphorylated. Myelin proteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose sheets. The nitrocellulose sheets were stained with antisera to human basic protein by the immunoblot technique. Five basic proteins with molecular weights of 23K, 21.5K, 18.5K, 17K, and 14K were distinctly immunostained. These basic proteins were found to be phosphorylated when the same nitrocellulose sheets were exposed to x-ray film. The in vitro phosphorylation of 23K and 21.5K basic proteins appear to decrease with maturation of the brain. The result of this study suggests that intense phosphorylation of various forms of basic proteins, in particular 23K and 21.5K basic proteins, during the initial stages of myelin formation, may play a pivotal role in the compaction of myelin membrane.
Functional Specialization in Rhesus Monkey Auditory Cortex

Neurons in the lateral belt areas of rhesus monkey auditory cortex prefer complex sounds to pure tones, but functional specializations of these multiple maps in the superior temporal region have not been determined. We tested the specificity of neurons in the lateral belt with species-specific communication calls presented at different azimuth positions. We found that neurons in the anterior belt are more selective for the type of call, whereas neurons in the caudal belt consistently show the greatest spatial selectivity. These results suggest that cortical processing of auditory spatial and pattern information is performed in specialized streams rather than one homogeneously distributed system.
High-energy fiber power amplifier for broadband beam smoothing with FM-modulated laser pulses on OMEGA

We report on the performance of a large-mode-area, Yb-doped fiber power amplifier (FPA) system amplifying broadband FM-modulated pulses at 1053 nm. A two-stage amplifier produces nearly diffraction-limited output with pulse energies of up to 270 µJ.
Formation of dicentrics with variable lengths in transformed cells

Several dicentric chromosomes in transformed cells exhibit drastic variations in the length of the region between the two centromeres. In these dicentric chromosomes, the position of the centromeres from the proximal end remains unaltered. The increase or decrease in the length of the intercentromeric segment is attributed to interchromatid reorganization so that one chromatid gains a piece of the sister chromatid. This is achieved simply through two chromatid breaks in the interchromosomal loop, followed by nonreciprocal rejoining. These observations provide new credence to Revell's hypothesis.
A note on faxen laws for nonspherical particles

Abstract The advantages of new forms of Faxen laws with derivatives of finite order are discussed and specifically illustrated for prolate spheroids. Earlier ideas on the connection between the Faxen laws and certain “associated solutions” (single-particle solutions of the Stokes flow where the ambient velocity is a uniform stream or linear field) have been refined for the case where the associated solution has a relatively simple singularity solution.
Single-phase bicomponent network by random crosslinking of hydroxyl-terminated polyisobutylene/polytetrahydrofuran mixtures

Random bicomponent networks were prepared from 50/50 wt % mixtures of hydroxyl-terminated polyisobutylene (HO-PIB-OH) and polytetrahydrofuran (HO-PTHF-OH) by the use of triphenylmethane triisocyanate (TTI) endlinking agent. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical techniques were employed to study the networks. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of HO-PIB-OH was found to increase upon network formation. This Tg increment was used to estimate the molecular weight between crosslinking points (Mc). HO-PIB-OH/HO-PTHF-OH mixtures are immiscible and exhibit an upper critical solution temperature, however, the 50/50 network in a two-phase regime for the precursors gives a single Tg situated between the Tgs of the component networks. The single-phase network may be due to rapid nondiscriminatory endlinking and to an increase of the single-phase region of the phase diagram because of crosslinking.
All PTSD symptoms are highly associated with general distress: ramifications for the dysphoria symptom cluster

This study used longitudinal data collected from two trauma-exposed samples, survivors of community violence (N = 294) and wildfire evacuees (N = 234), to examine a key claim underlying a proposed reformulation of the symptom structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This theory, which we term the PTSD-dysphoria model, posits that 8 of 17 symptoms of PTSD reflect dysphoria or general psychological distress and might be deemphasized to improve the utility of the PTSD construct (Simms, Watson, & Doebbeling, 2002). For each sample, we analyzed PTSD symptoms and measures of general distress administered at 2 time points. A consistent pattern of findings was observed across assessments for each sample: All 17 PTSD symptoms were highly associated with measures of general distress. Moreover, we found no evidence that dysphoria symptoms were more highly correlated than PTSD-specific symptoms with general distress. Results call into question both the conceptual basis and the clinical utility of differentiating between symptoms that appear to be relatively specific to PTSD and those that seem more broadly characteristic of general psychological distress.
Studies of the cryoprecipitation of a human IgG3 cryoglobulin: The effects of temperature-induced conformational changes on the primary interaction☆

Abstract The forrmation of a cryoprecipitate by a human IgG3 myeloma protein (Cra) was shown to be the consequence of an antibody-antigen-like reaction involving a reactivity of Cra Fab with Cra Fc. The antibody combining site was localized to the Fab protein of the cryoglobulin with apparently one site per Fab. A specificity of Cra for human immunoglobulins of the IgG3 and IgG1 subclasses was established. The temperature dependence of both cryoprecipitation and Fab-Fc binding showed a striking correlation; both were relatively temperature intensitive between 10°C and 21°C but were strongly temperature dependent above 24°C. A break in the van't Hoff binding curves at about 25°C suggested that a temperature induced conformational change occured which affected the primary interaction between cryoglobulin molecules. Subsequently, the existence of temperature induced conformational alteration in Cra Fab were shown by sedimentation velocity and viscosity studies. Based on these data a mechanism for cyroprecipitation was proposed wherein precipitation in the cold is a direct consequences of binding rather than a property inherent in a nature of the soluble complexes.
A Role for Polyploidy in the Tumorigenicity of Pim-1-Expressing Human Prostate and Mammary Epithelial Cells

Background Polyploidy is a prominent feature of many human cancers, and it has long been hypothesized that polyploidy may contribute to tumorigenesis by promoting genomic instability. In this study, we investigated whether polyploidy per se induced by a relevant oncogene can promote genomic instability and tumorigenicity in human epithelial cells. Principal Findings When the oncogenic serine-threonine kinase Pim-1 is overexpressed in immortalized, non-tumorigenic human prostate and mammary epithelial cells, these cells gradually converted to polyploidy and became tumorigenic. To assess the contribution of polyploidy to tumorigenicity, we obtained sorted, matched populations of diploid and polyploid cells expressing equivalent levels of the Pim-1 protein. Spectral karyotyping revealed evidence of emerging numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities in polyploid cells, supporting the proposition that polyploidy promotes chromosomal instability. Polyploid cells displayed an intact p53/p21 pathway, indicating that the viability of polyploid cells in this system is not dependent on the inactivation of the p53 signaling pathway. Remarkably, only the sorted polyploid cells were tumorigenic in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our results support the notion that polyploidy can promote chromosomal instability and the initiation of tumorigenesis in human epithelial cells.
Dynamic Contact Angles and Hysteresis under Electrowetting-on-Dielectric

By designing and implementing a new experimental method, we have measured the dynamic advancing and receding contact angles and the resulting hysteresis of droplets under electrowetting-on-dielectr...
Stigma and optimism in adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis.

Abstract Background Despite increased life expectancy among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), few studies have examined coping among adolescents and young adults with CF. Previous research suggests that stigma associated with chronic disease is related to worse physical and psychological health, but optimism may be protective. This study examined stigma and optimism among patients with CF. Methods Seventy-two patients with CF (ages 14 to 25) completed a self-report questionnaire assessing stigma, distress, CF-specific quality of life (QoL), and optimism. Objective health data were recorded from patient medical records. Results Greater stigma was associated with lower pulmonary function, QoL, and optimism. Stigma was positively correlated with distress. Optimism moderated the relationship between stigma and anxiety (p Conclusions Stigma is related to worse lung function and psychological health in patients with CF, but higher levels of optimism may act as a protective factor.
Structural basis for the destabilization of F-actin by phosphate release following ATP hydrolysis

Abstract The role of ATP hydrolysis in actin polymerization has been a puzzle, since it is known that polymer formation is possible without the ATPase activity and that the ATPase lags behind polymerization. We have used beryllium floride and G-ADP actin monomers to form F-ADP-BeF3− filaments that are a stable analog for either the ATP or the ADP-Pi state. Electron microscopy and computed three-dimensional reconstruction have been used to compare this state to control actin, F-ADP, polymerized from G-ATP. We find, at a high degree of statistical significance, that subdomain-2 of the actin protomer in the ADP-BeF3− state is in a conformation very similar to that found in the atomic model for F-actin of Holmes and co-workers, but becomes disordered after the release of the phosphate. This breaks one of the longitudinal bonds in the filament, consistent with biochemical observations that phosphate release destabilizes F-actin. We have also found that lithium, which reduces the dissociation rate constant of actin filaments, induces a structural state indistinguishable from that of ADP-BeF3−. Further, in all states about ten C-terminal residues are displaced from the above mentioned model, but that the fit of the rest of the monomer is in excellent agreement, supporting the uniqueness of the solution they found and precluding a significantly different arrangement of the actin monomer in the filament.
Coexistence of neuropeptide Y and somatostatin in rat and human cortical and rat hypothalamic neurons

The distribution and coexistence of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and somatostatin (SOM) were evaluated in rat and human cerebral cortex and in the rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (n) using double immunofluorescent staining in which primary antisera were raised in different species. The results of the study indicate extensive coexistence of NPY and SOM in both rat and human cortex but only occasional coexistence in the rat arcuate n.
Microphase separation and rheological properties of polyurethane melts. 1. Effect of block length

A series of polyesterurethanes with differing block length and constant composition have been synthesized for rheological studies. Hard segments based on isophorone diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol and soft segments based on polycaprolactone to ensure high thermal stability and to prevent high melting point crystallinity enabled long-duration rheological characterization at high temperatures. DSC and SAXS revealed that, at any fixed temperature above the polyester melting point, the degree of microphase separation increased with block length, with the shortest block lengths being almost single-phase. Temperature-resolved SAXS experiments demonstrated gradual microphase mixing of the microphase-separated materials as the temperature increased. In addition, the SAXS data for one material were shown to obey the predictions of the mean field theory, allowing a mean field estimate of the spinodal temperature to be calculated. Frequency sweep dynamic mechanical experiments show viscoelastic behavior characterist...
Conflicting effects of excitatory synaptic and electric coupling on the dynamics of square-wave bursters

Using two-cell and 50-cell networks of square-wave bursters, we studied how excitatory coupling of individual neurons affects the bursting output of the network. Our results show that the effects of synaptic excitation vs. electrical coupling are distinct. Increasing excitatory synaptic coupling generally increases burst duration. Electrical coupling also increases burst duration for low to moderate values, but at sufficiently strong values promotes a switch to highly synchronous bursts where further increases in electrical or synaptic coupling have a minimal effect on burst duration. These effects are largely mediated by spike synchrony, which is determined by the stability of the in-phase spiking solution during the burst. Even when both coupling mechanisms are strong, one form (in-phase or anti-phase) of spike synchrony will determine the burst dynamics, resulting in a sharp boundary in the space of the coupling parameters. This boundary exists in both two cell and network simulations. We use these results to interpret the effects of gap-junction blockers on the neuronal circuitry that underlies respiration.
On signed graphs and gramians

Let A be a symmetric matrix with entries (0, 1, -1) and λ1(A) its smallest eigenvalue. We consider the question of how closely A−λ1(A)I can be approximated by a gramian KKT, where each entry in K is 0, 1, or -1.
HIT : a new approach for hiding multimedia information in text

A new technique for hiding multimedia data in text, called the Hiding in Text (HIT) technique, is introduced. The HIT technique can transform any type of media represented by a long binary string into innocuous text that follows correct grammatical rules. This technique divides English words into types where each word can appear in any number of types. For each type, there is a dictionary, which maps words to binary codes. Marker types are special types whose words do not repeat in any other type. Each generated sentence must include at least one word from the marker type. In the hiding phase, a binary string is input to the HIT encoding algorithm, which then selects sentence templates at random. The output is a set of English sentences according to the selected templates and the dictionaries of types. In the retrieving phase, the HIT technique uses the position of the marker word to identify the template used to build each sentence. The proposed technique greatly improves the efficiency and the security features of previous solutions. Examples for hiding text and image information in a cover text are given to illustrate the HIT technique.
Development of intracranial arterial patterns in turtles

Observations on chelonian intracranial arteries are based primarily on the adult condition in Pseudemys scripta and on a series of Chrysemys marginata embryos. Those vessels which show major modifications are the anterior cerebral, posterior cerebral, cerebellar, and internal auditory arteries. The distal portion of the embryonic anterior cerebral is acquired by more medial vessels; from the proximal portion develops the middle cerebral which becomes the major source of supply for the lateral surface of the adult cerebral hemisphere. The posterior cerebral appears early in development and eventually supplies branches to the epiphysis, posterior portions of the hemisphere, olfactory regions, anterior face of the optic lobe, and choroid plexus of the third and lateral ventricles. The cerebellar and internal auditory arteries show similarities in development, each initially supplying the area immediately surrounding a nerve root and then acquiring larger areas of distribution by means of anastomoses with nearby medullary vessels.
Chiropractic in the United States: trends and issues.

From its origins as an unconventional therapy in the late 19th century through decades of marginalization during the 20th century, chiropractic has acquired legitimacy and prominence (Meeker and Haldeman 2002). Signs of its success abound. They include a broadening of the laws and regulations affecting its licensure, scope of practice, and reimbursement; greater acceptance by both physicians and health plans; and a sustained demand for its services. Chiropractic's political base is strong, and it enjoys a high degree of patient satisfaction. Moreover, it is at the vanguard of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which receives ever greater proportions of health expenditures (Eisenberg et al. 1993, 1998) and which is being increasingly integrated into conventional medicine (Macy Foundation 2001). Even so, chiropractic's future seems uncertain. Recent expansions of chiropractic colleges are swelling the ranks of practitioners while managed care is restricting payment for what chiropractors do and evidence-based medicine is demanding that what they do must have demonstrable value. Chiropractic is the best established of the alternative health care professions. Although marginalized for much of the 20th century, it has entered the mainstream of health care, gaining both legitimacy and access to third-party payers. However, the profession's efforts to validate the effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy, its principal modality, have yielded only modest and often contrary results. At the same time, reimbursement is shrinking, the number of practitioners is growing, and competition from other healing professions is increasing. The profession's efforts to establish a role in primary care are meeting resistance, and its attempts to broaden its activities in alternative medicine have inherent limitations. Although patients express a high level of satisfaction with chiropractic treatment and politicians are sympathetic to it, this may not be enough as our nation grapples to define the health care system that it can afford.
Juries, Gender, and Assault Weapons1

Firearms appearance can have psychological import in legal proceedings by keying aggressive ideations, impacting sentencing and gender-based attributions. We presented mock jurors with a homeowner's defensive gun use. Reasonable arguments were for shooting or not in the scenario by the defendant. The firearm varied in type. Assault rifle use led to harsher legal outcomes than did other firearms. A female defendant was at more risk than a male. In the last experiment, a police shooting scenario was tested. In that case, the male officer was at more risk than the female officer when wielding the assault rifle. Weapons and gender interactions were, for the most part, congruent with social cognitive theories of attribution and weapons priming of aggressive ideation.
Nutritional relationships among microorganisms in an epilithic biofilm community

Previous studies of an epilithic algal-bacterial community in a pristine mountain stream suggested that heterotrophic bacteria were responding to the metabolic activities of the phototrophic population. Subsequent studies were performed to follow the flow of labeled carbon, from its initial inorganic form, through the trophic levels of the mat community. A majority of primary production metabolites were excreted by the algal population during active growth; this shifted to an incorporation into cellular material as phototrophic activity declined. Results suggest that there was a direct flux of soluble algal products to the bacterial population, with little heterotrophic utilization of dissolved organics from the overlying stream water. Both phototrophic productivity and bacterial utilization of algal products peaked at approximately the same time of year. Activity of the diatom-dominated algal population declined as silica concentrations in the stream water dropped, leading to a situation in which the sessile bacteria were substrate limited. These events resulted in an almost complete disappearance of the community in early September.
The goal of democracy in international police assistance programs

There exists a large and growing international exchange network for policing ideologies, technologies and skills. Transnational policing programs seek to promote more effective global crime control, help develop and sustain demographic policing reforms, and support the stability of the emerging new political and economic world order. Existing transnational policing programs and emerging international regimes of democratic policing are sketched. The likelihood of successful reforms are assessed considering existing policy and standards of democratic policing.
Observation of the quantum confined ground state in InP quantum dots at 300 K

Colloidal suspensions of InP quantum dots (diameters 25 and 35 A) show steplike absorption spectra which are blue‐shifted by about 1 eV with respect to bulk material. Time resolved femtosecond spectroscopy at room temperature identifies the first quantum confined state. The nonlinear bleaching signal rises within 300 fs and persists longer than 200 ps.
Transformational leadership – an academic case study

Purpose – The purpose is to present a case study on transformational leadership. Design/methodology/approach – It adopts the 4 I's of Bernard M. Bass, the leadership researcher – individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and idealized influence. Findings – It emphasizes that leaders have to act according to the situation, with more emphasis on transformational leadership, for motivating their people and institutions to achieve their goals and objectives. Practical implications – It stresses the importance of accepting feedback and making bold decisions, to ensure the longevity of an academic institution and achieve academic excellence. Social implications – It provides an example of a passionate academic leader who leads from the front through his visionary leadership. Originality/value – It describes how to turn around an educational institution through academic leadership.
The lane-tracing algorithm for constructing LR (k) parsers and ways of enhancing its efficiency☆

Abstract The paper presents, as far as the author is aware, the first practical general method for constructing LR ( k ) parsers. It has been used without computational difficulty to produce LR (1), LR (2), and LR (3) parsers for grammars of the size of ALGOL. The algorithm involved consists of two phases, where phase 2, the state-splitting phase, is applied if phase 1 fails. Only the most important case of phase 1 with k = 1 is presented in detail here. Ways of enhancing the efficiency of the algorithm are considered and, in particular, a method is provided whereby the work required for phase 1 when k = 1 is at most a linear function of the number of configurations.
Biological Gender Differences, Absenteeism, and the Earnings Gap: Comment

In a recent paper, Ichino and Moretti (2009) present evidence from a large Italian bank that much of the gap in absenteeism between women and men can be explained by absences with a 28-day cycle. These cyclical absences are interpreted as an effect of menstruation which can explain 14% of the gender earnings gap. While the health consequences of menstruation are undeniable, the general importance of menstruation in explaining gender gaps in absenteeism and earnings is unclear. In this paper, we show that 28-day cycles do not explain any of the gender gap in absences among teachers in the New York City public schools. Our results suggest that menstruation may not be an important determinant of absences for a large segment of the female labor force and that institutions greatly influence how biological gender differences affect labor market outcomes.
The Activity of Glycarbylamide, Trithiadol, and Nicarbazin Against Eimeria tenella in Chickens

Abstract GLYCARBYLAMIDE, Trithiadol, and nicarbazin are relatively new coccidiostats, which are currently widely used. Nicarbazin has been the subject of considerable experimentation, but there is little in the literature regarding the other drugs. The results of a preliminary study of the comparative efficacy of these compounds and others were reported by McLoughlin and Chester (1959). This preliminary study suggested further investigation of the ability of glycarbylamide, nicarbazin, and Trithiadol to reduce mortality and morbidity caused by cecal coccidiosis in chickens. The results of this study are presented herein. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1,592 one-week-old, coccidiafree chicks were used in these experiments. Except where otherwise stated, these were straight run, mixed breed chicks. In all instances the birds were grouped by weight, according to the method suggested by Gardiner and Wehr (1950). Each group, comprised of 16 to 20 chicks, was housed in a small, unheated, wire-floored, metal brooder. The …
Multisensory and Secondary Somatosensory Cortex in the Rat

The function of secondary somatosensory (SII) cortex is poorly understood, but there is evidence to suggest that one of its roles may be in multisensory integration. This study used high-resolution field potential mapping coupled with laminar field potential and multiunit recording to examine the association between SII and multisensory (auditory--somatosensory) cortex in the rat. We demonstrate that while there is spatial overlap between unisensory areas of SII and multisensoryregions,particularlyforrepresentationsofthetrunkand hind limbs, they form distinct somatotopic maps. We propose that multisensory cortex be considered functionally distinct from SII, and that SII may be more concerned with unisensory processing tasks.
Rate-based transport control for mobile ad hoc networks

The traditional congestion control mechanism, i.e., TCP, when applied in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), encounters a number of new challenges, such as wireless link error, medium contention and frequent route failures. Very poor performance of TCP in MANET has been reported in many recent studies. We focus on the problems resulting from medium contention and propose a novel rate based end-to-end congestion control scheme (RBCC). We first illustrate that, under the impact of medium contention, a window based congestion control algorithm is unstable and hence may not be appropriate for MANET because the optimum congestion window size is very small and may even be less than one, i.e., the source should send less than one packet in one round trip time (RTT). Based on the novel use of channel busyness ratio, which, we show, is an accurate sign of the network utilization and congestion status, a new rate control scheme has been proposed to support the transport service in MANET efficiently and reliably. In RBCC, a sublayer consisting of a leaky bucket is added under TCP to control the sending rate based on the network layer feedback at the bottleneck node. Extensive simulations show that our scheme significantly outperforms traditional TCP in terms of channel utilization, delay and fairness.
The effect of Al(OH)4− on the dissolution rate of quartz

Abstract The influence of Al(OH) 4 − on the dissolution rate of quartz at pH 10–13 and 59–89 °C was determined using batch experiments. Al(OH) 4 − at concentrations below gibbsite solubility depressed the dissolution rate by as much as 85%, and this effect was greater at lower pH and higher Al(OH) 4 − concentration. Dissolution rates increased with increasing temperature; however, the percent decrease in rate due to the presence of Al(OH) 4 − was invariant with temperature for a given H + activity and Al(OH) 4 − concentration. These data, along with what is known about Al–Si interactions at high pH, are consistent with Al(OH) 4 − and Na + co-adsorbing on silanol sites and passivating the surrounding quartz surface. The observed pH dependence, and lack of temperature dependence, of inferred Al(OH) 4 − sorption also supports the assumption that the acid–base behavior of the surface silanol groups has only a small temperature dependence in this range. A Langmuir-type adsorption model was used to express the degree of rate depression for a given in situ pH and Al(OH) 4 − concentration. Incorporation of the rate data in the absence of aluminate into models that assume a first-order dependence of the rate on the fraction of deprotonated silanol sites was unsuccessful. However, the data are consistent with the hypothesis proposed in the literature that two dissolution mechanisms may be operative in alkaline solutions: nucleophilic attack of water on siloxane bonds catalyzed by the presence of a deprotonated silanol group and OH − attack catalyzed by the presence of a neutral silanol group. The data support the dominance of the second mechanism at higher pH and temperature.
Quantum Error Correction for Metrology

We propose and analyze a new approach based on quantum error correction (QEC) to improve quantum metrology in the presence of noise. We identify the conditions under which QEC allows one to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in quantum-limited measurements, and we demonstrate that it enables, in certain situations, Heisenberg-limited sensitivity. We discuss specic applications
FIVE-DIMENSIONAL QUASISPIN AND THE SPECTRA OF ODD-PARITY YRAST CONFIGURATIONS IN THE Ba REGION'

The 5-dimensional quasispin formalism is used to evaluate the (n, T)-dependent factors of the matrix elements of abnormal parity operators of relevance for yrast-band spectroscopy. The formalism allows the leading pseudoSU(3) representation of the normal (N) parity part of a shell-model configuration to be coupled to low-seniority states of the abnormal (A) parity high-j intruder part of the configuration. To illustrate the importance of the n,, TA dependence of the (A) to (N) space-coupling matrix elements this model is applied to the negative-parity yrast spectra of "'La and "'Ba, using hamiltonian parameters which give a reasonable fit for 's6Ba. The "'La spectrum is reproduced with a seniority-one truncation of the hll,r configuration; the "'Ba spectrum indicates a need for higher-seniority admixtures.
Connecting with the Well-Elderly through Reminiscence: Analysis of Lived Experience.

Reminiscing is a therapeutic nursing intervention for older adults. Nursing students and elders who participated in reminiscing interviews were excited by this activity. Researchers across disciplines collaborated in this qualitative research project to clarify the meaning and experience of reminiscing for the student and the diverse elder. Following the student-elder interview, researchers conducted unstructured interviews with a purposive sample of students and elder participants. Four patterns emerged: discovery of the value of intergenerational interaction and relationships; rejection of stereotypes; a willingness to overcome painful aspects of reminiscence; and gerotranscendence wisdom and peace. These findings have implications for nursing education, nursing practice, and further research.
Combined effects of condition and density on post-settlement survival and growth of a marine fish

For species with complex life cycles, variation in growth or condition during early life stages may affect survival in later stages or during important life-stage transitions. These effects on survival may be an important source of recruitment variability. However, survival during early stages is often density-dependent and it is unclear how the effects of early condition on recruitment compare to the effects of density alone. In this study, I investigated both the independent and interactive effects of condition and density on post-settlement survival and growth of bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus). In a field experiment, I crossed two levels of population density with two levels of condition (established by laboratory feeding of recent settlers) and measured growth and survivorship over a 30-day period. Low condition and high density both decreased survivorship. However, the effects of density were stronger and the effects of condition and density on survivorship were independent. In contrast, condition and density had interactive effects on growth in that density reduced growth only in the high-condition treatments. In a second experiment, I examined how condition and density affected intraspecific aggression and shelter use, two behaviors that may influence growth and survival. Shelter use was unaffected by density and condition. The rate of intraspecific chases was greater and increased more strongly with density when fish were in higher condition. Average growth rate of fish decreased with increasing rate of intraspecific chases, suggesting that the difference in aggression between condition levels was the mechanism leading to differences in density-dependent growth. These results suggest that variation in condition at settlement can significantly contribute to variation in population abundance, despite density dependence in survival. However, because behaviors that affect density-dependent growth can be altered by condition at settlement, the degree to which population biomass is regulated may depend on initial condition.
Photosynthesis, photorespiration, and productivity in Lemna minor L.1

The roles of aqueous vs. atmospheric CO, fixation, photorespiration, dark respiration, and organic release in the primary productivity of Lemna minor L. were investigated experimentally in field populations and in the laboratory. The mean rate of net photosynthesis through the growth season was 2.48 mg C g-l h-l during which an average of 86% of carbon fixed was from aqueous inorganic carbon. Seasonal variations in photosynthesis correlated principally with light intensity and temperature. Presence of photorcspiration was suggested by early afternoon depressions of photosynthesis, by experimental enhancement and inhibition of photosynthesis with low and high oxygen, respectively, and by enhancement of 1ight:dark respiration ratios with high oxygen. However, under natural conditions L:D ratios were below unity most of the time, and CO, loss in the light was never >4% of photosynthate fixed per hour. Experimental enhancement of photorespiration with oxygen was never as great as the inhibition of photosynthesis at comparable oxygen concentrations. Although plants exhibited a low CO2 compensation point and high light and temperature optima, photosynthesis enzymology and fixation products indicated that C, photosynthesis was not a significant factor in maintenance of the low photorespiration rates.
Hyperplane-Based Vector Quantization for Distributed Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper considers distributed estimation of a vector parameter in the presence of zero-mean additive multivariate Gaussian noise in wireless sensor networks. Due to stringent power and bandwidth constraints, vector quantization is performed at each sensor to convert its local noisy vector observation into one bit of information, which is then forwarded to a fusion center where a final estimate of the vector parameter is obtained. Within such a context, this paper focuses on a class of hyperplane-based vector quantizers which linearly convert the observation vector into a scalar by using a compression vector and then carry out a scalar quantization. It is shown that the key of the vector quantization design is to find a compression vector for each sensor. Under the framework of the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) analysis, the compression vector design problem is formulated as an optimization problem that minimizes the trace of the CRB matrix. Such an optimization problem is extensively studied. In particular, an efficient iterative algorithm is developed for the general case, along with optimal and near-optimal solutions for some specific but important noise scenarios. Performance analysis and simulation results are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
BETWEEN‐SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN FRACTURABILITY LOSS: MICROSCOPIC AND CHEMICAL COMPARISON OF POTATO AND CHINESE WATERCHESTNUT1

Potato and waterchestnut tissue were used as experimental materials for comparing between-species differences in heat softening rate. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were employed to compare cellular and subcellular changes with corresponding fractur ability losses during cooking of potato and Chinese waterchestnut by four cooking methods. SEM observations strongly suggest that cell wall adhesion and its heat resistance play a major role in fracturability changes during heating. Intracellular substances such as starch and minerals may slightly alter the cell wall strength but do not substantially affect fracturability changes. In addition, differences in the gross chemical composition between species were inadequate for explaining fracturability changes of the two vegetable tissues during heating.
Platelet-derived growth factor-BB represses smooth muscle cell marker genes via changes in binding of MKL factors and histone deacetylases to their promoters

A hallmark of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching is suppression of SMC marker gene expression. Although myocardin has been shown to be a key regulator of this process, the role of its re...
Gender Ideology, Household Behavior, and Backlash in Urban China:

This article analyzes gender attitudes and behaviors of husbands and wives across three urban Chinese cohorts. Whilewomen remain egalitarian in gender ideology across cohorts, the percentage of men who hold egalitarian gender attitudes declines significantly across cohorts. At the same time, the division of household labor has become somewhat less inequitable for women; however, their expectations of equality appear to have changed faster than the division of labor. Men's attitudes reflect a backlash to egalitarian pressures from their wives and the state, with significantly negative implications for their partner's marriage quality.
Acts of Activism: Human Rights as Radical Performance

Not all performance is activist, but D. Soyini Madison compellingly demonstrates that activism is not fully thinkable or operational apart from performance. In Acts of Activism: Human Rights as Rad...
Clinical scoring methods for multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical rating scales are used to classify the degree of neurological dysfunction and to plan treatment measures. In clinical trials, rating scales are used to monitor clinical course and response to experimental therapies. Selection of the appropriate clinical rating scale is determined by the nature of the research question (e.g., disability, impairment, handicap). The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS, an impairment scale) has been the most widely used clinical rating method in natural history studies and clinical trials. The EDSS has the advantage of familiarity, yet is difficult to use consistently between evaluators. In the mid and higher ranges, the EDSS is relatively insensitive to clinical changes that do not impair gait. Evaluator unblinding may invalidate the clinical assessment of response to treatment. Additional work is needed to develop clinical and laboratory (imaging) measures of MS disease activity that will be objective, reliable, sensitive, responsive, and valid. Recent comparative studies have demonstrated that serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are 7- to 10-fold more sensitive than clinical methods in detecting subclinical evidence of apparent MS disease activity. Widespread acceptance of MRI as a primary trial outcome measure awaits the results of studies designed to determine whether MRI findings accurately reflect irreversible pathological changes and predict future disability.
A New Technique for Assessing Detrusor Leak Point Pressure in Patients with Spina Bifida

AbstractPurpose: We report a new modification of the technique used to measure detrusor leak point pressure in patients with myelodysplasia and discuss its clinical implications.Materials and Methods: We assessed detrusor leak point pressure during standard multichannel urodynamics in 77 patients with spina bifida. At leakage and in the absence of a detrusor contraction detrusor pressure is noted and the catheter is removed. With the cessation of leakage the catheter is reinserted and detrusor pressure is again noted. This cycle is repeated several times and the average difference is noted. In 23 patients there was no identifiable detrusor leak point pressure. The remaining 54 patients with a detrusor leak point pressure are included in this report. Also reviewed were renal ultrasound studies and voiding cystourethrograms for each patient.Results: Three groups of patients were identified: 1 (20 patients)–detrusor leak point pressure greater than 40 and less than 40 cm. water with the catheter in and out, ...
The Effect of Functional Modeling on Understanding Complex Biological Systems

Biologically inspired engineering design requires understanding of complex biological systems for use as analogues in engineering designs. In this study we seek to understand how functional representations, in particular Structure-BehaviorFunction (SBF) models, enable understanding complex biological systems. Results from this study indicate that SBF representations may enable more accurate inferences about biological systems for complex and abstract questions than purely textual, or textual and diagrammatic, representations. They also suggest that no one representation is best for all types of inferences.
Treatment of an avulsed retinal vessel with infrared diode laser photocoagulation.

Abstract Purpose To report the use of the infrared diode laser with long-duration pulses to successfully treat a patient with recurrent vitreous hemorrhages due to an avulsed retinal arteriole. Design Interventional case report. Methods A 70-year-old man presented with repeated, visually significant vitreous hemorrhages due to an avulsed retinal arteriole. Infrared diode laser photocoagulation with long-duration, large, overlapping spots was performed on either side of the avulsed segment. Results Resolution of the hemorrhage occurred within 1 month, without further episodes of bleeding. Two-year follow-up with fluorescein angiography showed complete cessation of blood flow through the treated segment. Conclusions Infrared diode laser photocoagulation with long-duration pulses may be an effective, minimally invasive treatment of the avulsed retinal vessel syndrome.
Making spatial prioritizations robust to climate change uncertainties: a case study with North American birds

Spatial prioritizations are essential tools for conserving biodiversity in the face of accelerating climate change. Uncertainty about species' responses to changing climates can complicate prioritization efforts, however, and delay conservation investment. In an effort to facilitate decision-making, we identified three hypotheses about species' potential responses to climate change based on distinct biological assumptions related to niche flexibility and colonization ability. Using 314 species of North American birds as a test case, we tuned separate spatial prioritizations to each hypothesis and assessed the degree to which assumptions about biological responses affected the perceived conservation value of the landscape and prospects for individual taxa. We also developed a bet-hedging prioritization to minimize the chance that incorrect assumptions would lead to valuable landscapes and species being overlooked in multispecies prioritizations. Collectively, these analyses help to quantify the sensitivity of spatial prioritizations to different assumptions about species' responses to climate change and provide a framework for enabling efficient conservation investment despite substantial biological uncertainty.
Polysplenia Syndrome Associated With Heterotaxy of Abdominal Viscera and Type IV Intestinal Atresias.

Polysplenia syndrome in association with situs inversus and intestinal atresia is rarely reported [1]. A 2-day-old male neonate was presented with neonatal intestinal obstruction. Abdominal radiograph showed air fluid levels suggestive of small bowel atresia. Ultrasound of the abdomen showed dilated bowel loops throughout the abdominal cavity. At operation, there was right sided stomach, centrally located liver, three spleens at normal location, and type IV small bowel atresias (Fig. 1,2). All the small bowel atresias were resected and end to end jejunoileal anastomosis was performed. One of the spleens which had a narrow pedicle was removed to prevent any future torsion. The postoperative course remained stormy and patient succumbed to sepsis on 5th postoperative day.