cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Task Analysis Approach to Assessing Exposure

Lean manufacturing has created an environment where industrial jobs are continually changing and becoming more complex in nature. In current practice, each of these job changes would require a new ergonomic analysis. This research proposes that the analysis of individual tasks within a job can be added to understand the overall exposure of the job. Using this relationship, one can obtain an understanding of job exposure without a complete reanalysis. In this study, nine jobs were analyzed using observational techniques in which generic ergonomic stresses were rated on a scale from 0 to 10 at both a task and job level. When the task observations were added together and compared to the entire job, the ratings of radial/ulnar deviation differed by an average of 1.4 points on a 10-point scale. Peak force differed by an average of 1.1 points. The other ratings were all within 1 point on a 10-point scale, which is considered within consensus as defined by the scales. These support the proposed method.
Interval Temporal Logic

The dynamic semantics of VHDL presented in this book is based on Allen’s Interval Temporal Logic [4]. This chapter presents some of the key concepts of this logic. Interval Logic is useful in capturing the timing information contained in a VHDL description. The logic organizes a universe by time intervals, relations between time intervals, and by binding actions (or assertions) to time intervals. VHDL behavior can be defined in terms of time intervals and a set of actions that are performed in these time intervals.
Evaluation of the correlation between remotely sensing-based and GIS-based anthropogenic heat discharge in Los Angeles County, USA

Anthropogenic heat is an important component of the urban energy budget and a major contributor to urban heat island (UHI) formation. This study estimated the anthropogenic heat discharge in Los Angeles County, USA, using remote sensing-based energy balance approach and GIS-based approach, respectively. Both approaches simulated the anthropogenic heat in workday and non-workday. Spatial patterns of the anthropogenic heat estimated from two approaches with workday and non-workday profiles were compared to see the degree of consistency. The major objective is to evaluate the result of remote sensing-based approach, using GIS modeling approach as a reference. For remote sensing-based approach, two Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images were obtained including both of the workday image and non-workday image, and meteorological data collected from multiple weather stations within the study area were interpolated to create continues layers for parameters used in the algorithm to improve accuracy of the estimation. The GIS model approach simulated the anthropogenic heat by summing up the building energy consumption and traffic emission, which calculated using the building footprint, County Assessor's parcel data, and annual average daily traffic (AADT) count data. The differentiation of workday and non-workday GIS anthropogenic heat estimation was designed by setting zero energy consumption to some types of buildings, which considered to be closed, in the non-workday profile. The moderate correlation can be observed between remote sensing estimated results and GIS estimated results: 0.525 for non-workday and 0.573 for workday. This correlation is higher than the correlation between remote sensing estimated anthropogenic heat and GIS estimated building energy consumption, which indicates adding the traffic emission into the GIS model can increase the level of consistency. However, no obvious effect can be observed when consider workday/non-workday difference in this study.
The design of 5 dB attenuator in coplanar waveguide for DC to 67 GHz

Resistive attenuator is used to reduce incident RF power and for impedance matching due to its absorptive and dissipative nature. A resistive 5 dB attenuator has been designed for an electromechanically selectable attenuators module. The electromechanical switch structure necessitates the attenuator to be designed to approximate a coplanar waveguide. As the attenuator has to work up to 67 GHz, parasitics of the attenuator circuit and the peripheral mechanical components had to be dealt with. Three dimensional EM field simulations were performed to understand the effect of the parasitics by monitoring the field patterns. Modification to the coplanar waveguide structure was introduced to overcome the parasitic degradation. A π topology 5 dB attenuator has been successfully developed with attenuation flatness of ±0.25 dB and return loss less than −10dB up to 67 GHz.
An Overview of the Safety of Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery procedures, including laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), are now commonly performed “general surgery” procedures. This chapter gives an overview of the safety of the procedures themselves, as well as the infrastructure, support, and regulating bodies required to maintain that safety. It also gives an outline of the safety of more recent technologies such as robotic surgery, as well as the risks of operating upon special populations, including the elderly, transplant candidates, and patients with ventral hernias.
Memorializing the Deceased Using Virtual Worlds: A Preliminary Study

Virtual worlds, for many users represent a very real space that intersects with aspects of real life. Time spent in these online environments represent extensions to everyday life, including our expressions and connections to other users. As these spaces become even more entwined into our way of life, there will be an increase of expressions being played-out in these environments. The focus of this paper addresses how memorials used for expression and remembrance of the deceased are represented in cyberspace. Several questions are posed concerning how virtual worlds can be used in this way along with a presentation of information collected from a preliminary survey. Our survey concentrates on user perceptions of various aspects of virtual world memorials.
Sound Propagation in Ideal Channels and Tubes

Let us first consider an infinitely wide channel, so that the solution depends only on x and z 1. The two-dimensional solution of the wave equation that represents standing waves in the x direction and progressive waves in the z direction is $$ \tilde p = \bar A\cos ({k_x}x + {\varphi _x}){e^{ - j{k_z}z + j\omega t}}, $$ (1) where $$ {k^2} = \frac{{{\omega ^2}}}{{{c^2}}} = {k_{{x^2}}} + {k_{{z^2}}}. $$ (2)
Functional Impairments in a Patient with Morvan Syndrome: A Case Presentation.

Abstract A 48-year-old man with lung squamous cell carcinoma was admitted to acute care with cognitive impairment after recent chemotherapy. He developed myoclonus, ataxia, agitation, and visual hallucinations. Morvan syndrome, a rare voltage-gated potassium channel antibody disorder characterized by neuromyotonia with central nervous system dysfunction, was eventually diagnosed. He received plasmapheresis and was admitted to inpatient rehabilitation, where he safely participated in therapies. By focusing on neuromuscular rehabilitation, balance training, fine motor skills, and cognitive retraining emphasizing skills relevant to the patient's premorbid cognitive activities, the patient demonstrated significant functional improvement, decreasing the burden of care of his caregivers. Level of Evidence V
Abstract 15331: Ventricular Conduction and Repolarization Prolongation Noted During Right Ventricular Pacing as Predictors of Ventricular Arrhythmias and Cardiac Mortality in Subjects With Cardiomyopathy

Introduction: Clinical predictive value of transient prolonged ventricular conduction and repolarization during right ventricular (RV) pacing have not been studied. Hypothesis: Ventricular conduction and repolarization prolongation during RV pacing predict risk of arrhythmic and mortality events. Methods: Electrophysiology studies in 501 patients with cardiomyopathy (CM) were reviewed. Duration changes of QRS and QT interval during pacing from the RV apex were measured. Subjects were followed up for a mean of 3.2 years for arrhythmic events and total mortality. Results: Participants had a mean age 65 yrs, 80% male, 74% funcional class II or III, and a mean EF of 33.1%. A paced QRS duration > 190 ms was associated with more severe CM and in multi-variable analysis it was associated with a 3.5 times higher risk of ventricular arrhythmias or appropriate defibrillator therapy (HR 3.5, 95% CI 2.3-5.4, p 620 ms was associated with a 2.7 times higher risk of arrhythmic events compared to a QTc interval during RV pacing Conclusions: Prolongation of ventricular conduction (QRS > 190 ms) and repolarization (QTc > 620 ms) observed during RV pacing in subjects with CM are associated with higher risk of arrhythmic events, defibrillator therapies and all-cause mortality.
Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Reveals Infraspecific Variation in Corethrogyne filaginifolia (Asteraceae)

Abstract Corethrogyne DC. (Asteraceae) is a controversial genus due to complex and confounding variability, and the subject of multiple taxonomic revisions. It was previously included within Lessingia Cham. The single species, C. filaginifolia Nutt., has high infraspecific variability. This study was conducted to better understand this infraspecific variability for C. filaginifolia var. incana (Lindl.) Canby and C. filaginifolia var. linifolia H. M. Hall. Barcoding loci from nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) were used along with morphological comparisons of voucher specimens. Based on two nrDNA loci, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses, we detected five haplotypes of C. filaginifolia. The two focal varieties of this study, C. filaginifolia var. incana and C. filaginifolia var. linifolia, were indistinguishable at both, nrDNA and cpDNA loci.
The effect of substantiated and unsubstantiated investigations of child maltreatment and subsequent adolescent health

Children with substantiated child maltreatment (CM) experience adverse health outcomes. However, it is unclear whether substantiation vs. an investigation not resulting in substantiation has a greater impact on subsequent adolescent health. Propensity scores were used to examine the effect of investigated reports on the subsequent health of 503 adolescent females. CM was categorized into three levels: 1) investigated and substantiated, 2) investigated but unsubstantiated, and 3) no investigation. Models using inverse propensity score weights estimated the effect of an investigation on subsequent teen motherhood, HIV-risk behaviors, drug use, and depressive symptoms. Females with any investigation, regardless of substantiation status, were more likely to become teen mothers, engage in HIV-risk behaviors, and use drugs compared to females with no investigated report. Substantiated CM was associated with depressive symptoms. Findings underscore the importance of maintaining case records, regardless of substantiation, to better serve adolescents at risk for deleterious outcomes. Prospective methods and propensity scores bolster causal inference and highlight how interventions implemented following investigation are an important prevention opportunity.
Collection, Processing, and Analysis of Three-Dimensional EBSD Data Sets

Three-dimensional (3D) characterization methods are required to completely determine microstructural descriptors such as the true shape and size of features, the number of features, and the connectivity between these features. Experimental methods to characterize microstructure in 3D have undergone dramatic improvements in the past decade, and there now exists a host of methodologies that are capable of determining 3D microstructural information, ranging from counting individual atoms to imaging macro-scale volumes. The state of the art for this field has been reviewed recently in a Viewpoint Set for Scripta Materialia (Spanos 2006). This chapter focuses on the specific topic of experimental interrogation and analysis of microstructural features such as grains or precipitates in 3D that includes crystallographic orientation data. Currently there are two main experimental pathways to collect such information. Serial sectioning experiments are more commonplace, but consume the sample as part of the experiment; while X-ray methods are nondestructive, but typically require the use of high-intensity X-ray sources. For the X-ray methods, there are a handful of groups world-wide that are working towards spatially-resolved crystallographic analyses of grain structures in 3D using high-intensity X-ray systems (Schmidt et al. 2004; Lauridsen et al. 2006; Budai et al. 2004, 2008; Lienert et al. 2007). These meth-
Towards an intelligent finite element training system

Intimate knowledge of a sophisticated package requires a great deal of training, and many hours of practice coupled with the constant availability of a patient expert. Unfortunately, the expert is frequently not available and often not at all patient.
Investigating factors that promote time banking for sustainable community based socio-economic growth and development

Abstract Time banking is recognized as a way to leverage untapped community capacity to fulfill the unmet service needs of its members. However, time banking has not yet reached its full potential primarily due to inadequate participation by community members. In this study we therefore investigate from a perceived value perspective the motivation of members to participate in web-based time banks. We hypothesize and investigate the impacts of all three values, utilitarian value, hedonic value and social value provided by web-based time banks on the behavioral intention of members to participate in time-based banking from the perspective of both receiving/providing services. The results of the study from across web-based time banks show that time banks provide all three types of value to its participants. However, while the social value of time banks had the highest impact on providers of service, utilitarian value had the highest impact on receivers of services using time banks. The implications of the findings of the study for enhancing community participation in time banks and thereby engendering sustainable community development are discussed.
Community Response to Child Sexual Abuse in Day-Care Settings:

Models of public response to child sexual abuse have been designed to handle “ordinary” abuse cases, that is, intrafamilial cases with one perpetrator and one victim. These models break down when d...
Indefinite-Delivery/Indefinite-Quantity Contracts: Time to Correlate Practice and Policy?

This short piece discusses recent Government Accountability Office (GAO) data chronicling an increase in the Defense Department's reliance on indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity (or IDIQ) contracts. The data also indicates that, despite the clearly established preference for multiple awards, about three-quarters of the IDIQ awards made by DoD were to a single contractor, rather than multiple contractors. Based on GAO's data, the essay describes the dramatic difference between current IDIQ practice and the process described in the the regulations, including the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and the supplemental regulations promulgated by DoD (including the DFARS and the PGI). The essay concludes with two modest suggestions: first, that Congress, OFPP, the FAR Council, the 809 Panel, or all of the above, would be well served by putting some thought into reorganizing or redesigning the FAR to better reflect modern practice. Second, Congress or the FAR Council could raise the bar and mandate more meaningful impediments to single-award IDIQ’s.
Resolution of obstructive sleep apnea after mandibular distraction osteogenesis in setting of delayed tongue-lip adhesion takedown: A case report.

AbstractRationale:There is a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS), and treatment approaches are highly variable. One approach is a temporary tongue-lip adhesion (TLA) that acts as a temporizing measure while the mandible continues to grow and
Spain, Daphne (2016): Constructive Feminism. Women’s Spaces and Women’s Rights in the American City

The burden of history is its perpetual lack of inclusiveness: nowhere is this more apparent than when researching events and ideas that circle around women. Although women make up more than half of the world’s population, their intellectual, social and material achievements have largely been marginalized, while world events are, on the whole, rarely described from their specific points of view (for a discussion, see the introduction to Alexandra Staub, Modernity, Space and Gender, [Routledge 2018]).
Code Sec. 1031, the Final Code Sec. 199A Regulations, Bonus Depreciation Proposed Regulations, and Ozone Drop-Swap Cash-Outs

Several provisions of the TCJA of 2017 affect Code Sec. 1031. The final regulations under Code Sec. 199A and the proposed bonus deprecation regulations provide guidance regarding the interaction of those provisions and Code Sec. 1031. This article explores those interactions, explaining how the final regulations under Code Sec. 199A use a step-in-the-shoes approach for both the unadjusted basis in the replacement property and its depreciable period. The proposed bonus depreciation regulations apply to Code Sec. 1031, but the application will be limited. As the article explains, Code Sec. 1031 only applies to real property, and the bonus depreciation generally only applies to MACRS property with a recovery period of 20 years or less that is original-use property or that satisfies the used property acquisition requirement. Some exchange property will fall within that intersection of the two provisions, but most will not. The article discusses the limited application the bonus depreciation to Code Sec. 1031 replacement property for those instances to which it applies. Finally, the article considers whether the tax benefits under the new qualified opportunity fund (QOF) regime provide planning opportunities for partnerships that would otherwise consider doing a drop-swap cash-out. For instance, a typical drop-swap cash-out under Code Sec. 1031 might include a partnership distributing an undivided interest in its property to one partner who will sell that interest for cash while the other partners remain in the partnership and cause it to exchange the remaining interests in the property as part of a Code Sec. 1031 exchange. The QOF regime now allows partners to consider reinvesting gain proceeds in a QOF instead of doing a Code Sec. 1031 exchange while also cashing out other members. The article presents ways in which partners may such structure such drop-swap cash-outs with QOFs, which by definition hold property in qualified opportunity zones.
Androgen induction of the androgen receptor co-activator FHL2 : Evidence for a role for serum response factor in prostate cancer

LB-99 Overexpression of androgen receptor (AR) co-activators is crucial for aberrant activation of the AR in androgen depletion independent (ADI) prostate cancers (PCas), which in itself is vitally important for the proliferation and survival of ADI cancer cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying altered expression of these co-activators in the progression of PCa, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that expression of the AR co-activator FHL2, which displays enhanced nuclear accumulation with increasing Gleason grade and has been shown to serve as a biomarker predictive for aggressive disease progression, is induced by androgens. Androgen stimulation of FHL2 expression in LNCaP cells was first seen 16h after treatment and occurred already at doses of 0.1 nM of the synthetic androgen R1881. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that androgens do not induce major changes in the cellular (nuclear as well as cytoplasmic) distribution pattern of FHL2. Confirming the role of FHL2 as a key AR co-activator, loss of FHL2 expression in LNCaP cells compromised androgen regulation of well-characterized AR-target genes. Co-treatment with the AR antagonist Casodex or addition of siRNAs targeting the AR emphasized that androgen induction of FHL2 depends on a functional AR. Pretreatment with actinomycin D prevented stimulation of FHL2 expression by androgens, suggesting active transcription to underlie the androgen regulation of FHL2. Screening of the FHL2 genomic sequence led to the identification of a 145 bp proximal promoter fragment able to convey androgen-responsiveness to a reporter gene. Visual inspection and application of several transcription factor binding site search algorithms failed to detect an androgen responsive element (ARE) within this region. Instead, this gene fragment harbored a CARG-box, the consensus binding site for serum response factor (SRF). Site-directed mutagenesis of this CARG-box abolished androgen induction of reporter gene activity. Moreover, siRNA-mediated loss of SRF expression severely hampered the ability of androgens to stimulate endogenous FHL2 gene expression. Consistent with these observations, ChIP experiments demonstrated recruitment of SRF, but not AR, to the FHL2 promoter. Further establishing the importance of SRF for PCa survival, siRNA-mediated loss of SRF led to a marked decrease in PCa cell viability. BrdU incorporation experiments demonstrated this decrease to be caused by reduced cell proliferation. Taken together, these data point towards the existence of a novel positive feedback loop in which androgens, through AR-mediated transcription of the FHL2 gene, further ensure robust transcriptional activation of the AR in PCa cells. Moreover, these findings are the first to suggest a role for SRF in PCa. Supported by N.I.H., T.J. Martell Foundation and Belgian-American Educational Foundation (B.A.E.F.)
Relationship between emotional intelligence, stress, and burnout among dental hygiene students.

Objective Emotional intelligence (EI) is the recognition and management of emotions within oneself and others. Limited evidence exists that determine whether EI is related to stress and burnout. Purpose The purpose of this project was to determine whether relationships exist between EI, stress, and burnout levels among undergraduate dental hygiene students. Methods This study used a quantitative cross-sectional research design. The study instrument consisted of 3 parts: (1) The Emotional Quotient Self-Assessment Checklist consisted of 30-questions in 6 domains and measured EI; (2) The Modified Dental Environment Stress Questionnaire consisted of 39 questions in 5 domains and measured stress; and (3) The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Health Services Survey consisted of 22 questions in 3 domains and measured burnout. Results The responses from 57 participants were used (response rate = 93.3%). A moderate negative correlation was found between self-control and personal stress and a moderate negative correlation was found between empathy and emotional evaluation. Moderate positive correlations were found between self-awareness, empathy, motivation, self-competence, self-confidence, and total EI scores and personal accomplishment. Multiple linear regression analysis found self-control was a significant predictor of personal stress (R2 = .023, P = .023); empathy and self-competence were significant predictors of clinical stress (R2 = .085, P = .034); empathy and self-awareness were significant predictors of emotional exhaustion (R2 = .071, P = 0.006); and empathy was a predictor of personal accomplishment (R2 = .150, P = 0.002). Conclusion Subcomponents of EI were found to be significant predictors of stress and burnout levels. Future research is needed to improve EI levels to tolerate stress and minimize burnout levels.
Voting over redistribution in the Meltzer–Richard model under interdependent labor inputs

Abstract This paper extends the median voter result of Meltzer and Richard (1981) to the case where a labor economy has any constant returns to scale production function under quasilinear preferences with constant wage elasticity. Average productivities of the different labor inputs depend on their relative abundance in the economy. Agents are heterogeneous due to their labor type and (given type) due to their relative efficiency. They vote over income tax rates which in turn dictate the level of redistribution. The paper shows that preferences over tax rates are single-peaked and hence the median voter theorem applies. This framework connects the scarcity of inputs to the most preferred tax rates.
Achieving Health Equity in Embedded Pragmatic Trials for People Living With Dementia and Their Family Caregivers

Embedded pragmatic clinical trials (ePCTs) advance research on Alzheimer's disease/Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) in real-world contexts; however, health equity issues have not yet been fully considered, assessed, or integrated into ePCT designs. Health disparity populations may not be well represented in ePCTs without special efforts to identify and successfully recruit sites of care that serve larger numbers of these populations. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) Imbedded Pragmatic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) Clinical Trials (IMPACT) Collaboratory's Health Equity Team will contribute to the overall mission of the collaboratory by developing and implementing strategies to address health equity in the conduct of ePCTs and ensure the collaboratory is a national resource for all Americans with dementia. As a first step toward meeting these goals, this article reviews what is currently known about the inclusion of health disparities populations of people living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers in ePCTs, highlights unique challenges related to health equity in the conduct of ePCTs, and suggests priority areas in the design and implementation of ePCTs to increase the awareness and avoidance of pitfalls that may perpetuate and magnify healthcare disparities. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:S8-S13, 2020.
Security Fictions: Bridging Speculative Design and Computer Security

This paper begins with an observation: that threat identification is an intrinsically speculative practice. It requires imagining possible futures. Drawing on methods from speculative design, this paper presents an improvisational role-playing game designed to help software developers identify security threats. It deploys this game with seven software developers, who used the game to successfully identify diverse threats in their software. The insights from this deployment motivate future work on both the game itself and on organizational accounts of security. I call on the design research community to continue to apply its methods and perspectives to computer security, locating threat identification itself, like all speculation, as a site of social and political power.
Mini-Cases: Overcoming Common Challenges of Case Learning in Undergraduate HR Courses

This paper presents instructors with five single-page case studies ideally suited for use in undergraduate human resource management courses. We begin with a brief discussion of the benefits and challenges of utilizing the case learning method to improve student learning outcomes, particularly for business students. Then, we present an description of how properly constructed mini-cases can reap many of the learning benefits of more traditional case studies, while helping to overcome many of the challenges. Finally, we present five mini-cases that have been successfully used to teach a variety of topics in undergraduate human resource management courses at two universities.
Seeds of corruption - Do market institutions matter?

Ten years into the transition process, corruption is now recognized to be a pervasive phenomenon thatcan seriously jeopardize the best intentionedreform efforts. Because of the complex anddeep political economy dynamics surroundingthe process transition economies areundergoing it is essential for policy-makersto understand the causes of corruption. Thispaper develops an integrated analyticalframework of the role basic marketinstitutions play as determinants ofrent-seeking and illicit behavior intransition economies. Using data onlyrecently available on the incidence ofcorruption and institutional development inthese economies, we provide preliminaryevidence on both the systemic links betweendevelopment of market institutions andincentives for corruption and the relativeimportance of such institutions. The mainlesson from our analysis is that awell-established system of marketinstitutions – one characterized by clear andtransparent rules, fully functioning checksand balances, including strong enforcementmechanisms, and a robust competitiveenvironment – reduces rent-seekingopportunities and, in turn, the incentives forcorruption. The empirical results suggestthat high barriers to new business entrantsand soft budget constraints on incumbent firmsare particularly important institutionalfactors engendering opportunities andincentives for corruption. As in otherstudies, the empirical results also supportthe notion that economic development andmaturation of democratic processes both tempercorruption, as does, to a lesser extent,openness to trade.
Protocol for structural and biochemical analyses of RhoA GTPase.

Summary Ras GTPases in complex with Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or GTP analog exhibit dynamic equilibrium between two interconvertible conformations—an inactive state 1 and an active state 2. Unlike Ras, it remains unclear if the GTP-bound form of Rho GTPases also exhibits multiple conformational states. Here, we describe a protocol for structural and biochemical analyses of RhoA GTPase. This protocol can be adapted for the characterization of other Rho GTPases. For details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Lin et al. (2021) .
Tunable Lithium-Ion Transport in Mixed-Halide Argyrodites Li6–xPS5–xClBrx: An Unusual Compositional Space

Argyrodites, with fast lithium-ion conduction, are promising for applications in rechargeable solid-state lithium-ion batteries. We report a new compositional space of argyrodite superionic conduct...
Flaw Detection Using a Priori Knowledge with Limited View Aperture System

In CT imaging with limited view-angle data, the image of the object’s slice is usually distorted such that it is difficult to interpret the image. Usually in industrial applications. one deals with quality testing of products which are built from on an original blueprint or model. The objective of this paper is to use the knowledge about the model and try to establish whether there is any significant difference between the object under test and the model object. We will first formulate the problem as a deconvolution problem. Then we will use the CLEAN deconvolution algorithm to restore the image.
Systemic effects of parenteral cholera enterotoxin in dogs.

Abstract The systemic effects of parenterally administered purified cholera enterotoxin were studied in dogs. Single doses of 100 μg or more were frequently lethal, causing death after 2 to 10 days. The cause of death was not determined, but dogs did not develop diarrhea. Intravenous enterotoxin produced several biochemical abnormalities including: hyperglycemic, hyponatremia and increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT). The hyperglycemia was delayed in onset and lasted at least 5 days in fasting dogs. Insulin release in response to hyperglycemia appeared normal. Serum alkaline phosphatase remained elevated for more than 5 days. The rise in serum alkaline phosphatase was due to an increase in alkaline phosphatase of liver origin, and liver alkaline phosphatase content was shown to increase more rapidly than that in serum. Hyponatremia and increased SGOT levels were also of several days' duration. A formalinized cholera toxoid produced none of the above effects. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the use of cholera enterotoxin or toxoid as an immunizing agent, in relation to the present understanding of the mechanism of action of cholera enterotoxin, and in relation to the possibility that absorbed enterotoxin is partly responsible for intestinal secretion in cholera.
Abstract 16846: Caregiver Symptoms and Burden 3 Weeks and 3 Months After Their Spouse’s Cardiac Surgery

Introduction: Caregivers (CGs) play a major role in cardiac surgery patients’ recovery however, little research has examined the trajectory of burden and symptoms experienced by the CG. Hypothesis: The primary purpose of this longitudinal descriptive pilot study was to describe symptoms (fatigue/inertia, tension/anxiety, depression/dejection, and sleep difficulty) and their relationship to caregiving demand and difficulty in 28 adults caring for their spouses after cardiac surgery. Methods: Data were obtained telephonically 3 weeks and 3 months after surgery using the POMS-SF, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale. Results: CGs (M = 68.5 ± 6.6 years) were primarily female (92%). In general, mean symptom scores were lower at 3 weeks and increased in severity at 3 months for fatigue/inertia (M = 3.0 ± 2.9 to 3.9 ± 3.6), depression/dejection (M = 1.3 ± 2.3 to 2.2 ± 3.8) and sleep difficulty (M = 3.3 ± 2.1 to 4.1 ± 2.5). Difficulty with caregiving tasks mean scores showed littl...
An Alternative Explanation of Consumer Product Returns from the Postpurchase Dissonance and Ecological Marketing Perspectives

Research on consumer product returns has identified product failure, dissatisfaction, and fraudulent intent as primary causes. In recent years, however, consumers return products even before experiencing dissatisfaction and when products are not defective. Moreover, most consumers who return products are ordinary scrupulous people. Ironically, product returns are on the rise while overall product quality has improved. This suggests that there are other reasons for product returns yet to be uncovered. This study critically examines such types of recently observed product-return behaviors from the postpurchase dissonance (PPD) and ecological marketing perspectives. A proposition emerged through the critical review that in the current competitive and consumer-centered market environment, consumers increasingly choose product return over other options identified in the literature as a viable strategy to cope with their PPD. Two empirical studies and a recent major industry study on consumer product returns provided strong support for the proposition. Managerial and future research implications of the findings are discussed.
RADIATION INDUCED X-Y EXCHANGE AND NONDISJUNCTION IN SPERMATOCYTES OF THE IMMATURE TESTIS OF DROSOPHILA.

BS>The x irradiation response of primary spermatocytes of the immature testis of Drosophila melanogaster was investigated employing a genetic scheme which made possible an immediately classifiable distinction in the offspring between nondisjunction of X and Y, and exchange between X and Y in the treated male. (C.H.)
Cynthia Weber, ‘I am an American’: Filming the Fear of Difference

“The issue is how we remember or forget September 11 and what that remembering or forgetting makes possible” (p. 200). This observation summarizes the issue that all 9/11 related works—no matter what medium— have to tackle. Cynthia Weber chose a very different approach than did the many books, documentaries, and feature films that already exist on 9/11, such as Firestorm: American Film in the Age of Terrorism (Prince, 2009), World Trade Center (Feghali, Hill, & Stone, 2006), and 9/11 (Hanlon & Naudet, 2002). Most works focus on the people directly involved or impacted by the events that took place on September 11, 2001—actual survivors or victims. Other works, such as Prince’s book, study the impact such events have on film production thereafter. In her book, ‘I am an American’: Filming the Fear of Difference, Weber is not interested in either. Instead, she focuses on the forgotten and/or easily overlooked secondary survivors and victims of 9/11.
Abstract 337: The Cardiolipin-targeting Peptide Bendavia Preserves Post-ischemic Mitochondrial Energetics by Sustaining Respiratory Supercomplexes

Bendavia is a mitochondria-targeting peptide currently being tested in the EMBRACE-STEMI trial for reducing injury during acute coronary syndromes. We previously showed that the cardioprotective effects of Bendavia involved improving cardiolipin-dependent mitochondrial membrane fluidity. As membrane fluidity influences the ability of proteins to assemble, we hypothesized that a consequence of augmented membrane fluidity would be higher expression of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes. Rat hearts (n=42) were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) with or without 1nM Bendavia perfusion beginning at the onset of reperfusion. Left ventricular tissue was split into one of two study arms: 1. Supercomplex expression using blue-native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), or 2. High-resolution respirometry using permeabilized ventricular fibers. For BN-PAGE studies, respiratory supercomplex bands were decreased with I/R, and restored with Bendavia (see figure). High-resolution respirometry studies indicated suppressed Complex I-dependent respiration after I/R (208±19 v 42±9 pmol O2/mg*s in control v I/R, respectively; P<0.05). Complex II-dependent respiration was also lower (753±41 v 168±13 pmol/mg*s in control versus I/R; P<0.05). Perfusion with Bendavia during reperfusion significantly increased Complexes I- (100±13pmol O2/mg*s) and II-dependent (334±63 pmol O2/mg*s) respiration (P<0.05 versus untreated IR for both). Taken together, these data suggest that Bendavia’s protective mechanism of action involves preserving supercomplex-dependent mitochondrial function during cardiac reperfusion. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Resolving Visual Interference During Covert Spatial Orienting: Online Attentional Control Through Static Records of Prior Visual Experience.

Models of attentional control usually describe online shifts in control settings that accommodate changing task demands. The current studies suggest that online control over distractor exclusion--a core component of visual selection--can be accomplished without online shifts in top-down settings. Measurements of target discrimination accuracy suggested that the degree of distractor exclusion was guided by retinotopic maps of the prior probability of distractor interference at the attended locations. These probability maps can be retrieved via object-based cues, and they interact with shifts of attention to elicit increased levels of distractor exclusion when it is most needed. Thus, static probability maps can provide an internal template that guides the resolution of visual interference as spatial attention traverses the visual field.
Hawaiians in the fur trade of north‐west America, 1785–1820

(1972). Hawaiians in the fur trade of north‐west America, 1785–1820. The Journal of Pacific History: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 92-103.
Super‐heroes to super languages: American popular culture through South Asian language comics

: Although under immense pressure from television, movies, and video games, comics are a very effective and non-intrusive means of introducing American popular culture in South Asia in the age of globalization. The introduction of American comic books in South Asian languages, although a recent phenomenon, has already stimulated the South Asian/Indian appetite for American super-heroes and comics and has added various new cognitive and (psycho) linguistic dimensions to traditional Indian comics. The paper attempts to account for the creative linguistic strategies employed in the representation of super-heroes through super languages (Sanskrit and English) in South Asian language comics and to explain the highly diverse appeal and positive perception of comics in South Asia.
MUC1: a multifaceted oncoprotein with a key role in cancer progression.

The transmembrane glycoprotein Mucin 1 (MUC1) is aberrantly glycosylated and overexpressed in a variety of epithelial cancers, and plays a crucial role in progression of the disease. Tumor-associated MUC1 differs from the MUC1 expressed in normal cells with regard to its biochemical features, cellular distribution, and function. In cancer cells, MUC1 participates in intracellular signal transduction pathways and regulates the expression of its target genes at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This review highlights the structural and functional differences that exist between normal and tumor-associated MUC1. We also discuss the recent advances made in the use of MUC1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.
Red blood cells and thrombin generation in sickle cell disease

The prothrombotic nature of sickle cell disease (SCD) is evidenced by the chronically elevated levels of almost all coagulation activation biomarkers, and an increased incidence of certain thrombotic events, including venous thromboembolism. Numerous studies have attempted to define the extent and elucidate the mechanism of the observed increase in thrombin generation in SCD patients in vivo. In general, these studies were performed using thrombin generation assays in platelet poor or platelet rich plasma and showed little difference in endogenous thrombin potential between the SCD cohort and healthy matched controls. In SCD, erythrocytes and monocytes have been demonstrated to exhibit procoagulant characteristics. Thus, the absence of these cellular components in standard thrombin generation assays may fail to reflect global hypercoagulability in the whole blood of patients with SCD. We were therefore surprised to see no difference in net thrombin generation in tissue factor-initiated initiated clotting of whole blood from patients with SCD. However, we are continuing to reconcile these seemingly disparate observations by slight modifications of the whole blood model that include alternative coagulation triggers and a re-examination of the net thrombin generation when the protein/protein S system is simultaneously interrogated.
The ways and means that fine tune Sirt1 activity

Sirt1 is the most evolutionarily conserved mammalian sirtuin. It plays a vital role in the regulation of metabolism, stress responses, genome stability, and ultimately aging. Although much attention has focused on the identification of the cellular targets and functional networks controlled by Sirt1, the mechanisms that regulate Sirt1 activity by biological stimuli have only recently begun to emerge. As an enzyme, the activity of Sirt1 can be controlled by the availability of its substrates, post-translational modifications, interactions with other proteins, or changes in its expression levels. In this review, we briefly discuss the ways and means by which the activity of Sirt1 is fine-tuned under different conditions.
Do flying beetles respond to human-dominated landscapes as complex mosaics or binary patterns?

Understanding and measuring functional connectivity for animals with habitats that have been fragmented by human activity requires that the biology and movement of the species be considered. We used least cost paths in GIS to test hypotheses regarding how different species of longhorned beetles likely connect habitats with dispersal. We predicted that there would be differences in the functional connectivity of landscapes depending on species larval niche breadth, adult feeding habits, and the potential for use of non-forest habitats. For the species with very specialized larvae, we developed a classification tree to determine areas likely to contain the appropriate species of host tree. Connectivity calculated using least cost paths did not out-perform Euclidean distances for three generalist beetles. This was also the case for the specialist beetle species when all forest was considered habitat. However, when we delineated habitat based on areas likely to support the host tree the functional connectivity incorporating least cost paths was a much better predictor than that using Euclidean distances. Generalists may respond to fragmented habitat in a binary habitat-matrix way while more specialized species may respond to a mosaic. These trends are obscured if habitat is defined by human perceptions rather than species biology.
The Scientific Conceptualization of Information: A Survey

The article surveys the development of a scientific conceptualization of information during and in the decade following World War II. It examines the roots of information science in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century mathematical logic, physics, psychology, and electrical engineering, and then focuses on how Warren McCulloch, Walter Pitts, Claude Shannon, Alan Turing, John von Neumann, and Norbert Wiener combined these diverse studies into a coherent discipline.
Inbreeding in fish populations used for aquaculture

Abstract The theoretical causes of inbreeding depression are reviewed. Studies to measure depression at a series of inbreeding levels in rainbow trout populations using the method of inbred-outbred half-sib families are discussed. While the actual depression estimates varied widely between populations and inbreeding levels, significant levels of depression were found in many hatchery, field, and brood stock performance traits after only one generation of brother-sister mating. Especially susceptible to inbreeding depression, were measures of growth based upon attained fish weight at a given age in each test situation examined: 147 day weight (0.0 to 19.1%), 364 day weight (6.2 to 62.8%), weight after 6 months in fishing pond (−4.6 to 25.4%), weight after 12 months in fishing pond (13.0 to 29.1%), 2-year male weight (11.3 to 55.3%), and 2-year female weight (10.2 to 57.0%). Other hatchery performance traits that showed inbreeding depression were: egg hatch-ability (−0.2 to 53.1%), fry survival (0.4 to 8.2%), feed conversion efficiency (5.0 to 9.0%), fish length at 2-years of age (4.7 to 36.9%), and egg mass produced at 2-years (12.1 to 57.0%). Field performance traits that yielded inbreeding depression were percent recovery of fish stocked (−2.5 to 41.1%) and biomass index (16.2 to 47.7%). Literature on the effects of inbreeding in fish populations is reviewed and the breeding approaches for controlling the rate of inbreeding accumulation in brood stock populations are outlined and discussed.
Induction-linear accelerators for food processing with ionizing radiation☆

Abstract Electron accelerators with sufficient beam power and reliability of operation will be required for applications in the large-scale radiation processing of food. Electron beams can be converted to the more penetrating bremsstrahlung radiation (X-rays), although at a great expense in useful X-ray power due to small conversion efficiencies. Recent advances in the technology of pulse-power accelerators indicates that Linear Induction Electron Accelerators (LIEA) are capable of sufficiently high-beam current and pulse repetition rate, while delivering ultra-short pulses of high voltage. The application of LIEA systems in food irradiation provides the potential for high product output and compact, modular-type systems readily adaptable to food processing facilities.
Experimental observation of adsorbate orbital splitting at single-crystal metal surfaces.

Splitting of the 5${P}_{3/2}$ component of the photoexcited Xe ion doublet is observed on the (110) planes of several metal surfaces. This effect is shown to originate from a true ``crystal-field'' effect, not as a consequence of adatom-adatom interactions. The splitting therefore provides a probe of local fields at the screened ion.
Transport of nitrate ion in unsteady, unsaturated flow in porous media

A simplified model of nitrate ion transport (and other nonadsorbing solutes) in unsteady, unsaturated flow in porous media has been developed. The model represents nitrate flow in infiltration and drainage in sand quite well and can be applied to unsaturated flow in other homogeneous media with only minimum extra experimental data needed to describe the medium.
Changes in IGF-I and -II, IGF binding protein, and IGF receptor transcript abundance after uterine artery ligation.

Changes in IGF-I and -II, IGF Binding Protein, and IGF Receptor Transcript Abundance after Uterine Artery Ligation