cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary tibial vein aneurysm: a source of pulmonary emboli

ObjectiveTo describe a case of a rare type of venous aneurysm (posterior tibial) with associated pulmonary embolus. We will discuss options and considerations germane to the diagnostic evaluation and possible interventions for this challenging clinical scenario.MethodsCase presentation and literature review.ResultsA 36-year-old man presented to an outside hospital with a three-day history of left calf pain, acute shortness of breath and syncope elicited by exercise. Work-up demonstrated a pulmonary embolus and a posterior tibial venous aneurysm with mural thrombus. The patient presented to us 18 months later with persistent calf pain seeking an alternative to recommendations of lifelong anticoagulation. The patient was treated with surgical resection of the venous aneurysm with subsequent discontinuation of his anticoagulation. There were no surgical or thrombotic complications of this treatment course and the patient's discomfort improved.ConclusionPrimary aneurysms of the tibial veins as a cause of pulm...
Effects of Critical Care Nurses’ Work Hours on Vigilance and Patients’ Safety

Background To minimize the occurrence of adverse events among patients, critical care nurses must be alert to subtle changes in patients' conditions, perform accurate clinical assessments, and respond expediently. However, little is known about the effects of the nurses' work hours on vigilance and patients' safety. Objectives To describe the work patterns of critical care nurses, determine if an association exists between the occurrence of errors and the hours worked by the nurses, and explore whether these work hours have adverse effects on the nurses' vigilance. Methods Data were obtained from a random sample of critical care nurses in the United States. Nurses eligible for the study were mailed two 14-day logbooks to fill out. Information collected included the hours worked, the time of day worked, overtime hours, days off, and sleep-wake patterns. On days worked, the respondents completed all work-related questions and questions about difficulties in remaining awake while on duty. Space was provided for descriptions of any errors or near errors that might have occurred. On days off, the nurses completed only those questions about sleep-wake patterns, mood, and caffeine intake. Results The 502 respondents consistently worked longer than scheduled and for extended periods. Longer work duration increased the risk of errors and near errors and decreased nurses' vigilance. Conclusions The findings support the Institute of Medicine recommendations to minimize the use of 12-hour shifts and to limit nurses' work hours to no more than 12 consecutive hours during a 24-hour period.
Epistemology Without History is Blind

In the spirit of James and Dewey, I ask what one might want from a theory of knowledge. Much Anglophone epistemology is centered on questions that were once highly pertinent, but are no longer central to broader human and scientific concerns. The first sense in which epistemology without history is blind lies in the tendency of philosophers to ignore the history of philosophical problems. A second sense consists in the perennial attraction of approaches to knowledge that divorce knowing subjects from their societies and from the tradition of socially assembling a body of transmitted knowledge. When epistemology fails to use the history of inquiry as a laboratory in which methodological claims can be tested, there is a third way in which it becomes blind. Finally, lack of attention to the growth of knowledge in various domains leaves us with puzzles about the character of the knowledge we have. I illustrate this last theme by showing how reflections on the history of mathematics can expand our options for understanding mathematical knowledge.
Small intestinal permeability in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis during active phase and remission

Background Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is presumed to be an isolated oesophageal disease; yet other allergic diseases associated with eosinophilic infiltration of target tissues, such as asthma and eczema, show perturbed functions of other sites that may be involved in the diathesis of allergy modulation. Aim To analyse small intestinal permeability in patients with active EoE and in a separate group of patients in remission. Methods Small bowel permeability was determined using a dual sugar method by calculating lactulose:mannitol (L:M) ratio in 17 patients who met consensus criteria for active EoE (>15 eos/HPF) and 8 patients in remission ( Results Patients with active EoE had significantly higher L:M ratios when compared to controls (0.045 vs. 0.033, p Conclusions Small bowel permeability is overall increased in patients with active EoE, and is normal in patients with EoE in remission when compared to healthy controls. The role of the small bowel in active EoE deserves further investigation.
Relative Roles of Elevated Heating and Surface Temperature Gradients in Driving Anomalous Surface Winds over Tropical Oceans

Abstract Elevated heating by cumulus convection and sea surface temperature gradients are both thought to contribute to surface winds over tropical oceans. The relative strength and role of each mechanism is examined by imposing forcing derived from data on a linear primitive equation model with idealized parameterizations for the two forcings, and comparing the response with observed surface winds. Two test cases are studied: one related to the El Nino–Southern Oscillation, and the other related to the “dipole” mode in the tropical Atlantic. It is found that in both cases, elevated heating dominates the surface zonal wind response, and contributes significantly to the meridional wind response, especially in the subtropics and the South Pacific and South Atlantic convergence zone regions. Surface temperature gradients dominate the meridional wind forcing in regions near the equator with strong meridional temperature gradients.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 production is controlled by glycogen synthase kinase-3 and STAT3 in the brain

Septic shock is a prevalent condition that, when not lethal, often causes disturbances in cognition, mood, and behavior, particularly due to central actions of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). To identify potential targets to control brain IL-6, we tested if IL-6 produced by glia is regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammatory responses in mice or cultured primary glia. IL-6 was measured by ELISA and other inflammatory molecules were measured using an array. Mouse brain IL-6 levels increased after central, as well as peripheral, LPS administration, consistent with glia producing a portion of brain IL-6. STAT3 in the brain was activated after peripheral or central LPS administration, and in LPS-stimulated cultured primary glia. Inhibition of STAT3 expression, function, or activation reduced by ~80% IL-6 production by primary glia, demonstrating the dependence on active STAT3. GSK3 promotes STAT3 activation, and array analysis of inflammatory molecules produced by LPS-stimulated primary glia demonstrated that IL-6 was the cytokine most diminished (>90%) by GSK3 inhibition. Inhibition of GSK3, and knockdown of GSK3β, not GSK3α, greatly inhibited IL-6 production by LPS-stimulated primary glia. Conversely, expression of active STAT3 and active GSK3 promoted IL-6 production. In vivo inhibition of GSK3 reduced serum and brain IL-6 levels, brain STAT3 activation, and GFAP upregulation following LPS administration. STAT3 and GSK3 cooperatively promote neuroinflammation, providing novel targets for anti-inflammatory intervention.
LEARNING IN AND BY ORGANIZATIONS: THREE CONCEPTUAL ISSUES

Theoretical development and integration in organizational learning and learning organizations are currently impeded by three conceptual issues—issues of definition, of bridging cognitive and behavioral perspectives, and of linking individual and organizational learning. This paper reviews these issues and suggests how they may be reconciled.
Homologous blood transfusion is not required in surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

We studied 70 consecutive patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who underwent corrective surgery. They were divided into two groups. In the study group of 38 patients one or more modern blood-conservation measures was used peri-operatively. The 32 patients in the control group did not have these measures. Both groups were similar in regard to age, body-weight, the number of levels fused and the type of surgery. Only two patients in the study group were transfused with homologous blood and these transfusions were 'off-protocol'. Wastage of autologous pre-donated units was minimal (6 of 83 units). By contrast, all patients in the control group were transfused with homologous blood. In the study group there was a significant decrease (p = 0.005) in the estimated blood loss when all the blood-conservation methods were used. The use of blood-conservation measures, the lowering of the haemoglobin trigger for transfusion and the education of the entire team involved in the care of the patient can prevent the need for homologous blood transfusion in patients undergoing surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
On performance evaluation in online approximation for control

This article analyzes the evaluation of approximation accuracy in online applications. In particular, it is first shown that the most commonly used approximation accuracy evaluation method (e.g., analysis of training or tracking error) is not in itself sufficient to demonstrate proper function approximation. In spite of this, many articles use tracking (training) errors as the means to demonstrate successful function approximation. This article presents two alternative methods for the evaluation of online performance. Related issues include probably approximately correct learning from statistics and persistence of excitation from adaptive control.
Clusters of Charged Janus Spheres

We study the assembly of spherical particles with opposite electric charge on both hemispheres, in the case that the particle diameter exceeds the electrostatic screening length. Clusters result, not strings. The cluster shapes are analyzed by combined epifluorescence microscopy and Monte Carlo computer simulations with excellent agreement, indicating that the particles assemble in aqueous suspension to form equilibrated aggregates. The simulations show that charge asymmetry of individual Janus particles is preserved in the clusters.
Self-perception of same-sex sexuality among heterosexual women: Association with personal need for structure

Though sexuality is often described categorically, the sexual experiences that form the basis of heterosexuals' self-perceived sexuality are often not clear cut and can be open to interpretation. Factors other than actual sexual experiences may also be associated with self-perceptions of sexuality. The present research examined how personal need for structure (Neuberg & Newsom, 1993; Thompson, Naccarato, Parker, & Moskowitz, 2001) was associated with degree of self-perceived same-sex sexuality in a sample of 103 heterosexually identified young adult women. Results indicated that women higher in personal need for structure self-perceived less same-sex sexuality than women lower in personal need for structure, even when accounting for conservatism on gay and lesbian issues and for perceptions of the degree of same-sex sexuality experienced by other heterosexual women. We discuss implications for future research on the self-perception of same-sex sexuality in heterosexuals.
The Importance of Hardware-In-The-Loop Testing to the Cassini Mission to Saturn

The Cassini-Huygens Program is a joint effort between European Space Agency (ESA), which delivered the Huygens probe, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which delivered the Cassini spacecraft. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) manages the Cassini spacecraft for NASA. Cassini's primary mission is to survey the complex Saturnian system and release the ESA-Huygens probe at Titan. The Cassini Integrated Test Lab (ITL) at JPL is a high-fidelity hardware-in-the-loop testbed. It uses Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem (AACS) and Command and Data Subsystem (CDS) flight hardware (H/W), as well as high-fidelity simulations of the other spacecraft subsystems and signals. The ITL's primary objective is to validate and verify sequences, Flight Software, and mission critical events, and it serves other purposes such as training the flight crew. This paper examines some of the AACS and CDS H/W and their peripheral devices used in the ITL. It examines the unique advantages gained by using H/W in the Cassini ITL, as well as the tradeoffs of using H/W versus simulations of these devices. Of late, consideration has been given in developing test plans for future flight projects to using purely software simulation testbeds: this paper offers evidence of the value of hardware-in-the-loop testbeds, demonstrating that hardware-in-the-loop testbeds should continue to have an important role in assuring the success of flight projects.
Space-parallel network simulations using ghosts

We discuss an approach for creating a federated network simulation that eases the burdens on the simulator user that typically arise from more traditional methods for defining space-parallel simulations. Previous approaches have difficulties that arise from the need for global topology knowledge when forwarding simulated packets between the federates. In all but the simplest cases, proper packet forwarding decisions between federates requires routing tables of size O(mn) (m is the number of nodes modeled in a particular simulator instance, and n is the total number of network nodes in the entire topology) in order to determine how packets should be routed between federates. Further, the benefits of the well-known NIx-Vector routing approach cannot be fully achieved without global knowledge of the overall topology. We seek to overcome these difficulties by utlizing a topology partitioning methodology that uses Ghost Nodes. A ghost node is a simulator object in a federate that represents a simulated network node that is spatially assigned to some other federate, and thus that other federate is responsible for maintaining all state associated with the node. However, ghost nodes do retain topology connectivity information with other nodes, allowing all federate in a space-parallel simulation to obtain a global picture of the network topology. We show with experimental results that the memory overhead associated with the ghosts is minimal relative to the overall memory footprint of the simulation.
Particulate Emissions Calculations from Fall Tillage Operations using Point and Remote Sensors

Soil preparation for agricultural crops produces aerosols that may significantly contribute to seasonal atmospheric particulate matter (PM). Efforts to reduce PM emissions from tillage through a variety of conservation management practices (CMPs) have been made, but the reductions from many of these practices have not been measured in the field. A study was conducted in California's San Joaquin Valley to quantify emissions reductions from fall tillage CMP. Emissions were measured from conventional tillage methods and from a "combined operations" CMP, which combines several implements to reduce tractor passes. Measurements were made of soil moisture, bulk density, meteorological profiles, filter-based total suspended PM (TSP), concentrations of PM with an equivalent aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM) and PM with an equivalent aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM), and aerosol size distribution. A mass-calibrated, scanning, three-wavelength light detection and ranging (LIDAR) procedure estimated PM through a series of algorithms. Emissions were calculated via inverse modeling with mass concentration measurements and applying a mass balance to LIDAR data. Inverse modeling emission estimates were higher, often with statistically significant differences. Derived PM emissions for conventional operations generally agree with literature values. Sampling irregularities with a few filter-based samples prevented calculation of a complete set of emissions through inverse modeling; however, the LIDAR-based emissions dataset was complete. The CMP control effectiveness was calculated based on LIDAR-derived emissions to be 29 ± 2%, 60 ± 1%, and 25 ± 1% for PM, PM, and TSP size fractions, respectively. Implementation of this CMP provides an effective method for the reduction of PM emissions.
Relationships Among Three Assumptions in Revenue Management

This note discusses the relationships among three assumptions that appear frequently in the pricing/revenue management literature. These assumptions are mostly needed for analytical tractability, and they have the common property of ensuring a well-behaved "revenue function." The three assumptions are decreasing marginal revenue with respect to demand, decreasing marginal revenue with respect to price, and increasing price elasticity of demand. We provide proofs and examples to show that none of these conditions implies any other. However, they can be ordered from strongest to weakest over restricted regions, and the ordering depends upon the region.
AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE THERMOREGULATORY HYPOTHESIS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF ENDOTHERMY

The thermoregulatory hypothesis proposes that endothermy in mammals and birds evolved as a thermo- regulatory mechanism per se and that natural selection operated directly to increase body temperature and thermal stability through increments in resting metabolic rate. We experimentally tested this hypothesis by measuring the thermoregulatory consequences of increased metabolic rate in resting lizards (Varanus exanthematicus). A large met- abolic increment was induced by feeding the animals and consequent changes in metabolic rate and body temperature were monitored. Although metabolic rate tripled at 328C and quadrupled at 358C, body temperature rose only about 0.58C. The rate of decline of body temperature in a colder environment did not decrease as metabolic rate increased. Thus, increasing the visceral metabolic rate of this ectothermic lizard established neither consequential endothermy nor homeothermy. These results are inconsistent with a thermoregulatory explanation for the evolution of endothermy.
The power of SIMDs vs. MIMDs in real-time scheduling

SIMDs and MIMDs are the most important categories of computer systems for parallel computing in Flynn's classification scheme. Due to their higher flexibility in allowing processors to execute independently and their ability to use off-the-shelf microprocessors, the MIMD systems are generally favored and considered to be more powerful. In comparison, the SIMD systems are considered outdated. However, we observe that many intrinsic weaknesses of the MIMD systems are not fully recognized until they are compared while solving realtime scheduling problems. The SIMD systems have inherent advantages that MIMDs lack. In this paper, we compare SIMDs and MIMDs in real-time scheduling, e.g., scheduling for air traffic control. Two abstract parallel computation models, the ASC and BSP models that represent SIMDs and MIMDs respectively, are used in our discussion and analysis. We argue that the common belief that MIMDs have greater power than SIMDs is false. Our research shows that SIMDs are not outdated, as they offer tractable solutions for problems considered intractable with MIMDs. Rather, SIMDs are more efficient and powerful in some important application fields. They deserve more attention and considerations than they currently receive.
Experimental investigation of shock-induced distortion of a light spherical gas inhomogeneity

Results are presented from experiments studying the interaction of a planar shock wave of strength 1.4 < M < 3.0 with a spherical soap bubble composed of helium. Flow visualizations are obtained using planar laser diagnostics. The imaging technique used here takes advantage of the atomization of the liquid bubble film by the incident shock wave. The early phase of the interaction is dominated by the phase reversal process and the formation of a primary vortex ring. Further, at late times, the growth of counter-rotating secondary vortical features are observed in the case of a high-Mach number experiment. The temporal development of the shocked bubble dimensions are analyzed on a non-dimensional time scale for incident shocks within a range of Mach numbers.
Silylated Mesoporous Silica Membranes on Polymeric Hollow Fiber Supports: Synthesis and Permeation Properties

We report the synthesis and organic/water separation properties of mesoporous silica membranes, supported on low-cost and scalable polymeric (polyamide-imide) hollow fibers, and modified by trimethylsilylation with hexamethyldisilazane. Thin (∼1 μm) defect-free membranes are prepared, with high room-temperature gas permeances (e.g., 20 000 GPU for N2). The membrane morphology is characterized by multiple techniques, including SEM, TEM, XRD, and FT-ATR spectroscopy. Silylation leads to capping of the surface silanol groups in the mesopores with trimethylsilyl groups, and does not affect the integrity of the mesoporous silica structure and the underlying hollow fiber. The silylated membranes are evaluated for pervaporative separation of ethanol (EtOH), methylethyl ketone (MEK), ethyl acetate (EA), iso-butanol (i-BuOH), and n-butanol (n-BuOH) from their dilute (5 wt %) aqueous solutions. The membranes show separation factors in the range of 4–90 and high organic fluxes in the range of 0.18–2.15 kg m–2 h–1 at...
Simultaneous Measurement of PO2 and Flow at the Same Locus during Seizures and Barbiturate Suppression of EEG

This is a progress report of our effort to measure local blood flow by the hydrogen clearance method and PO2 at the same point in tissue with the objective of gaining information about oxygen consumption rate. In initial trials we followed Lubber’s example that platinum electrodes polarized at -600 mV were responsive to both O2 and H2. We have found that bare palladium works equally well. This method has the effect of superimposing a H2 saturation and clearance curve on the PO2 as a baseline. While this is satisfactory in such organs as the carotid body where flow is extremely fast, in the brain, particularly in the presence of ishemic injury, a 10 to 20 minute H2 clearance is difficult to define accurately because of lack of constancy of the PO2 baseline.
Management and prevention of erythroblastosis fetalis.

A summary of the present status of antenatal management of this disease and its prevention.
Introduction to Inorganic Infrared Spectroscopy

The infrared spectroscopic study of organic compounds has been known for a number of years. However, the application to inorganic compounds had a rather late start. Most of the early work on the spectra of inorganic compounds concerned itself with the Raman method. Some reflection infrared methods [1] were used as early as 1930. The lack of high-resolution spectrophotometers, plus the fact that adequate specimen preparation was difficult, delayed progress in this field. Since large particle size gave considerable scattering losses, most early infrared spectra of inorganic compounds gave broad, indeterminate absorptions as compared to the sharp spectra obtained with organic compounds.
Concentrations of heavy metals in fish species targeted by anglers in central New Jersey: A pilot study

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of toxic metals in the edible portion of fish tissue obtained from the Raritan River in New Brunswick, New Jersey (NJ) between April and May of 2014. Species collected for this study included commonly caught fish such as bluegill, small and large mouth bass, brown and rainbow trout, bullhead catfish, and white perch. Samples were filleted and the muscle tissue subsequently dehydrated and then chemically digested. Samples were analyzed using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Levels of 28 different metals were quantified for each specimen. In general, metal contamination in fish tissues was below the recommended limits. However, lead was found in one sample at a tissue concentration of 88 µg per 225 g fillet, which is above the recommended daily consumption limit as set by the Food and Safety Authority of Ireland. The maximum level found for arsenic was 23 µg per 225 g fillet. The fish samples taken from the Raritan River in...
Mass-Number Systematics of Deuteron Folding-Model Potentials

The real parts of the optical model (OM) potential for deuterons, as calculated in the folding model (FM), 1,2) have been fitted to analytic forms convenient for use in standard OM codes. The target mass number range 6≤A≤216 was used in a linear least-squares fit of each of the FM potential parameters as a function of A1/3 for 15-MeV deuterons. Differences between observables calculated with FM potentials and with fitted potentials were < 2%. These potentials can be used as starting values for OM searches.
Practical strategies for academic library managers: Leading with vision through all levels

Practical Strategies for Academic Library Managers: Leading with Vision Through All Levels is a guide for both the new and the experienced academic library manager alike. In order to cover the comp...
Managing valuable knowledge in weak IP protection countries

Although knowledge assets provide multinational corporations (MNCs) with competitive advantages in foreign markets, it can be difficult for firms to protect their knowledge in foreign countries – especially countries with weak intellectual property (IP) protection. Building on and extending the knowledge management, institutional theory and expatriate literatures, this article explores whether home country expatriates can substitute for weak IP protection and drive an increase in more and more valuable knowledge transfers to foreign operations located in weak IP protection countries. Because of their ties to headquarters, knowledge of parent firm assets, priorities and routines, and activities in local operations, I argue that home country expatriates can transform the local operation to offer higher protection for parent firm knowledge in weak IP countries in ways that local managers cannot. The results from a comprehensive panel of US multinationals suggest that home country expatriates can substitute for weak IP protection, but that this effect is contingent on the manufacturing and knowledge capabilities of foreign operations for higher value parent firm knowledge transfers. Overall, this article extends our understanding of the global management and protection of knowledge by MNCs by exploring how organizational practices can buffer country-level institutional deficiencies for firm knowledge.
Dual-Level Method for Estimating Multistructural Partition Functions with Torsional Anharmonicity

For molecules with multiple torsions, an accurate evaluation of the molecular partition function requires consideration of multiple structures and their torsional-potential anharmonicity. We previously developed a method called MS-T for this problem, and it requires an exhaustive conformational search with frequency calculations for all the distinguishable conformers; this can become expensive for molecules with a large number of torsions (and hence a large number of structures) if it is carried out with high-level methods. In the present work, we propose a cost-effective method to approximate the MS-T partition function when there are a large number of structures, and we test it on a transition state that has eight torsions. This new method is a dual-level method that combines an exhaustive conformer search carried out by a low-level electronic structure method (for instance, AM1, which is very inexpensive) and selected calculations with a higher-level electronic structure method (for example, density fu...
The boreal–temperate forest ecotone response to climate change

A warming global climate will elicit changes in the distribution of plant species around the planet, and this will become most apparent where biomes converge. Climate exerts the strongest control o...
The Long Shadow of Rivalry: Rivalry Motivates Performance Today and Tomorrow:

Research has established that competing head to head against a rival boosts motivation and performance. The present research investigated whether rivalry can affect performance over time and in con...
Memory, emotion regulation, and social inference skills in college students

Relationships between memory and social inference (SI) have been documented in clinical literature, and these relationships may be affected by specific symptomatology within clinical groups. Among healthy individuals, two commonly studied emotion regulation (ER) strategies, cognitive reappraisal and suppression, have been found to correlate with memory and social skills, but have not been examined in relation to SI specifically. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine relationships between various types of memory and SI in healthy young adults, and to explore whether individual differences in ER moderate the relationship between memory and SI skills. Ninety-seven participants completed computerized tasks of memory (verbal, face, and working memory), The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), and a trait ER questionnaire. Correlational analyses showed that verbal memory was positively related to SI and cognitive reappraisal was positively related to face memory. Moderation analyses showed a positive relationship between face memory and SI only for individuals who reported high trait use of cognitive reappraisal. These findings suggest that the relationship between face memory and social cognitive abilities in healthy college students may be affected by individual differences in habitual ER strategy use.
How to Strengthen Your Own and Others’ Morale

Morale is a measure of job satisfaction, personal well-being, quality of interactions, and activity level of individuals that work together. Faculty of all ranks and roles may contribute through the general principles of active engagement in the leadership aspects of their assignments, support for everyone around them, transparency in their decisions and policies, and attention to the balance between direction and autonomy they provide to those they supervise. Specific issues to be addressed include the quality of their supervision and mentorship, how work expectations are handled, the importance of social activities, and how complaints and problems are corrected.
The Class Structure and Irreducible Representations of Semi-direct Product Groups

In Chapter 3, we have shown how semi-direct product structure may arise in NRM groups. Apart from its formal significance, the presence of semi-direct product structure is of great practical utililty. Thus, as discussed in detail by Altmann [125] (cf. also [139, 147, 151]), both the class structure and the irreducible representations of a semi-direct product group can be calculated using systematic procedures that exploit the (known) properties of the smaller component groups to the maximum extent. Such techniques represent an optimal use of purely group-theoretical information in the NRM problem and, as shown by the applications described in Chapter 4, can provide an effective approach to the classification of large NRM symmetry groups.
Americans’ Well-Being: Life-as-a-Whole

It is uncertain how often people put the parts and pieces of their lives together in clear, all-thing-considered evaluations of their lives-as-a-whole. Most of the time attention is likely to be focused on how do I feel today or how I liked my vacation last month, or directed toward whether I should move, change jobs, go on a diet, buy a new car, or get married. However, big decisions do force some more general evaluations. When one is debating a major move, one has to consider the overall picture and weigh financial benefits, the novelty of new surroundings, weather, leaving friends, uprooting established relations, and so forth. Even in the absence of major events, there is a certain amount of binding of events over time. If one’s job is a bore, what helps one through the day is the prospect of going home or having free time to do something exciting. If one’s marriage is not very rewarding now, it may yet offer stability, security, and convenience at other times. If one’s neighborhood is aggravating for a number of reasons, it may also be the setting for appreciated friendships and enjoyed social occasions. If children are annoying, they may also be the raison d’etre for one’s efforts. In other words, parts and pieces and incidents in one’s life do not tend to be evaluated in isolation but rather in a larger context that encompasses a span of life concerns and a span of time.
A supramolecular hydrogel prepared from a thymine-containing artificial nucleolipid: study of assembly and lyotropic mesophases

An artificial nucleolipid containing thymine, a triazole-ring, and phosphatidylcholine (TTPC) moieties was prepared by copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) under aqueous conditions. The resulting TTPC molecules assembled in situ into a fibrous aggregation. The study of the TTPC fiber assembly using XRD and NMR spectroscopy revealed that the formation of fibers was driven by the unique combination of the lipid and nucleobase moieties in the structure of TTPC. At a critical TTPC concentration, entanglement of the fibers resulted in the formation of a supramolecular hydrogel. Investigation of the lyotropic mesophases in the TTPC supramolecular hydrogel showed the presence of multiple phases including two liquid crystal phases (i.e., nematic and lamellar), which have a certain degree of structural order and are promising templates for constructing functional biomaterials.
Spatial-Temporal Routing for Supporting End to End Hard Deadlines in Multi-hop Networks

Abstract We consider the problem of routing packets with end-to-end hard deadlines in multihop communication networks. This is a challenging problem due to the complex spatial–temporal correlation among flows with different deadlines. To tackle this problem, we introduce the concepts of virtual links and virtual routes to incorporate end-to-end deadline constraints into routing and propose a novel virtual queue architecture to guide the spatial–temporal routing where the routing algorithm specifies where and when a packet should be routed. For the frame-based periodic traffic, the proposed policies can support any arrival within throughput region when the ratio between the link capacity and the packet size is sufficiently large. For the general traffic, we integrate a constrained resource-pooling heuristic into the spatial–temporal routing, which improves the delivery ratio and performs well. Our extensive simulations show that the policies outperform traditional policies such as backpressure and earliest-deadline-first (EDF) for more general traffic flows in multihop communication networks.
Electromagnetic Scattering from Random Rough Surfaces with Multiple Elevations for GNSS-R Land Applications

The Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) for remote sensing has attracted lots of attentions. In this paper, a scattering model by combining numerical Kirchhoff simulator (KA) and numerical solutions of Maxwell equations in 3D (NMM3D) is developed for GNSS-R land applications. The significant difference with past scattering models is that microwave rough surfaces (cm scale) are superimposed on multiple elevations (meter scale) of land. The elevation information are provided by DEM (digital elevation models) data. In the model, exact coherent and incoherent field of rough surface on each elevation (DEM patch) is obtained from NMM3D. With NMM3D outputs, KA simulator is used to calculate phase variations caused by elevations and then get total power received. The combined algorithm considers both coherent and incoherent contributions. It is applicable for simulations of land surface with dozens of kilometers, which is important for analysis of GNSS-R signals. Results of combined algorithm are many dB different with existing coherent and incoherent model, and also larger than KA simulator.
Experimental and numerical analysis of failure in flexible pipe by a mechanism of intentional damage

The use of flexible pipe in onshore applications is now commonplace; however, there is scarce information on the modes of failure that affect its mechanical integrity, so its application in a transmission systems is risky and should require further analysis. An experimental- numerical study was performed to observe changes in the mechanical response and failure modes in this type of pipes. Pipe was perforated at a working pressure of 30 kg/cm2 (426.7 psi) to simulate experimentally the conditions generated when a hot tapping hole is illegally made to plunder petroleum products. It was found that the different pipe sections have a relatively low mechanical strength, especially the layer made of high density polyethylene. Tension and compression tests were carried out to obtain the appropriate technical data to perform static simulations, considering an external hole as the failure mechanism. After finite element modeling, it was found that flexible pipe presented an initial collapse in the HDPE inner layer at a pressure of 21.09 kg/cm2 (300 psi), which coincided with the experimental collapse induced by hot tapping drilling. This type of damage had not been studied in flexible pipelines for onshore applications. The information provided is useful in making decisions for the proper materials selection involved in the transport of hydrocarbons onshore.
School-Age Children Adapt the Dynamics of Lexical Competition in Suboptimal Listening Conditions.

Although the ability to understand speech in adverse listening conditions is paramount for effective communication across the life span, little is understood about how this critical processing skill develops. This study asks how the dynamics of spoken word recognition (i.e., lexical access and competition) change during soft speech in 8- to 11-year-olds (n = 26). Lexical competition and access for speech at lower intensity levels was measured using eye-tracking and the visual world paradigm. Overall the results suggest that soft speech influences the magnitude and timing of lexical access and competition. These results suggest that lexical competition is a cognitive process that can be adapted in the school-age years to help cope with increased uncertainty due to alterations in the speech signal.
The Forest Land Protection Act program (FLPA) and conserving forestland in Georgia

Abstract This study analyses the implementation of the Forest Land Protection Act (FLPA) program in Georgia, USA and assesses the effectiveness of the program in forest conservation and sustainability. The program extended property tax relief to corporate and other large private forest landowners, improved uniformity in timberland taxation, and leveled the playing field for private forest landowners in the state. We examine the effectiveness of the program in conserving forests through participation rate, average size and site productivity of enrolled forestland, and trends in forest area. An econometric model is created to investigate the major factors affecting participation of the program. We found that the FLPA program is effective in attracting larger forest tracts, suggesting a positive contribution of the program to forest conservation and sustainability. It is also attractive to eligible forest lands that are under pressure from recreational uses. However, the effectiveness of the program is limited in attracting higher-productivity forest lands and lands having potential development uses.
Adoptive T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors: Pathway to Personalized Standard of Care.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) has emerged as a promising therapy for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic solid tumors. One challenge to finding a universal anticancer treatment is the heterogeneity present between different tumors as a result of genetic instability associated with tumorigenesis. As the epitome of personalized medicine, TIL-ACT bypasses the issue of intertumoral heterogeneity by utilizing the patient’s existing antitumor immune response. Despite being one of the few therapies capable of inducing durable, complete tumor regression, many patients fail to respond. Recent research has focused on increasing therapeutic efficacy by refining various aspects of the TIL protocol, which includes the isolation, ex vivo expansion, and subsequent infusion of tumor specific lymphocytes. This review will explore how the therapy has evolved with time by highlighting various resistance mechanisms to TIL therapy and the novel strategies to overcome them.
Origin of the anisotropic Coulomb interaction potential for a two-dimensional system of charged particles with anisotropic mass

Abstract There have been several studies that have considered an anisotropic Coulomb interaction potential of a specific form to model anisotropic quantum Hall states of two-dimensional systems of electrons in a perpendicular constant magnetic field. The motivation and justification behind such a choice is tacitly implied without providing too many details. This work explains the physical reasons that lead to an anisotropic Coulomb interaction potential of such a form for the case of a two-dimensional system of charged particles with anisotropic effective band mass.
Singularities in the acoustic Casimir pressure as a function of reflectivities

We study the acoustic Casimir pressure between imperfectly reflecting plates immersed in various isotropic noise backgrounds. For flat as well as narrowly peaked noise spectra, the force tends to strong repulsion as the plate separation tends to zero, in contrast to the case of perfect reflectors. We uncover and analyze the associated singular behavior as the product of the reflection coefficients approaches 1, obtaining in the process expressions for the pressure resulting from arbitrary power-law spectra.
Optimal Target Detection for Random Channel Matrix-Based Cognitive Radar/Sonar

Conventional techniques for characterizing clutter depend on covariance-based statistical modeling. This presents a disadvantage to cognitive radar/sonar since optimizing waveform design becomes highly nonconvex. Modeling the clutter and target responses via random transfer functions known as channel matrices simplifies this waveform optimization problem. The goal of this paper is to explore the optimal receive architectures for target detection that emerge when these channel matrices are modeled as deterministic, and then as random using a Ricean channel model. A likelihood ratio test (LRT) is derived yielding the well- known coherent matched filter, and an average LRT (ALRT) test is derived using Bayesian integration. The detection performance of these receivers is assessed and compared via standard analyses yielding receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. It is shown that the optimal ALRT is not strictly a linear function of the data.
Words matter. CBME is not complex

Dear EditorWords matter. Concepts and principles matter. A recent issue of Medical Teacher devoted to competency-based medical education (CBME) features two articles (Frank et al. 2021; Van Melle e...
Theoretical studies of gas flow in barred spirals galaxies

We know far more about the velocity and density distributions of gas in ordinary spirals than in barred spirals. There are several reasons for this : the absence of a nearby barred spiral, the circum stance that several of the best objects lie rather far south, the necessity to map in two dimensions, and the surprisingly low intensity of the emission lines, except in the nucleus and near the ends of the bar. The older literature contains several investigations of radial velocities measured along the bars of barred spirals (cf. Burbidge, Burbidge and Prendergast, 1960 a,b for NGC 7479 and NGC 3504), and it has been known for some time that rotation curves taken in different position angles through the nuclei of barred spirals are not compatible with simple circular motion. It was not until recently, however, that attempts were made to map the velocity fields of barred spirals in two dimensions. Chevalier and Furenlid (1978) studied NGC 7723, NGC 5383 has been mapped by Peterson, Rubin, Ford and Thonnard (1978) in the optical and by Sancisi, Allen and Sullivan (1979) in neutral hydrogen, and NGC 1300 has been mapped by Peterson and Huntley (1980). The most striking result of these observations is that the isovelocity contours are elongated in the direction of the bars, or, put differently, there is no straight line through the center of a barred spiral along which the radial velocity is constant. This is clear proof that significant non-circular motions are present in these galaxies. However, as it is impossible to reconstruct a non-axisymmetric velocity field from radial velocity data alone, there is no analog for barred spirals of the reduction models which are used to estimate local mass densities for ordinary spirals from observed rotation curves.
Microsoft C/C++ 7: The Complete Reference

This book teaches the user to use Microsoft C/C++ 7. The first part of the book teaches the Microsoft C/C++ 7 environment. Since much of this is new, this is an area of strong interest. The second part teaches basic concepts that you the reader need to know for Microsoft C/C++ 7. The third part teaches advanced techniques and applications.
Effect of Social Media Discussion Forums on Learning Outcomes in an Online Course

In this paper we describe how we used Facebook as a complementary tool to our LMS. We collected data on student usage and surveyed student opinion in several online/blended sections. Our hypothesis is that our empirical analysis will find a positive correlation between student usage of Facebook in the online/blended classroom and student learning outcomes.
The role of service oriented architectures in systems engineering

Notions of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) have recently become popular and potentially very useful in the management, business and engineering worlds as the enterprise-focused Information Technology (IT) architecture of choice. SOA is an approach to defining integration-architectures based on the concept of services, where a service is defined as a mechanism that enables access to one or more capabilities using a prescribed interface. A Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a way of organizing services and associated hardware and software so that it is potentially possible to respond quickly to the changing requirements of the marketplace. Recognizing the significant advantages of service oriented architecture applied to a business enterprise, we ask: Can an engineering organization, specifically a systems engineering organization, realize similar benefits? This paper will attempt to answer that question by exploring the possibility and advantages of applying SOA to the systems engineering design process, specifically as a key enabler of the Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) paradigm.