cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Spray Volume on Spray Deposition and Coverage within Nursery Trees

Information on better utilizing airblast sprayers to achieve high pesticide spray application effi ciency in nursery tree production is needed. Foliar spray deposition and coverage at different heights inside crabapple tree canopies were investigated for a conventional airblast sprayer operating at four different application rates ranging from 230 to 900 liters/ha [24 to 94 gallons per acre (GPA)]. Deposition on the ground at various distances from the sprayer was also measured at the 700 liters/ha (73 GPA) application rate. Foliar deposition and coverage on targets below 2.6 m (8.5 ft) inside tree canopies increased as the application rate increased, but the increase in the coverage was much lower than the deposition. For trees taller than 2.6 m (8.5 ft), the sprayer could not deliver uniform spray deposition and coverage across the tree height. The portion of trees below 2.1 m (6.9 ft) was well covered by the spray deposits with 230 liters/ha (24 GPA) application rate while higher application rates resulted in over spray application. Less than 30% of total spray volume was deposited on target trees while over 34% of the total spray volume was lost on the ground. The tree-row volume method should include foliage density and tree-row gaps to avoid excessive estimation of spray application rates for nursery tree crops.
Investigation of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits in Shaanxi Province in 2004-2005

Objective To understand the pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits in Shaanxi Province.Method Samples were gathered randomly from six major cities and counties in farm fairs and supermarkets separately in September 2004 and September 2005.455 samples of 18 kinds of vegetables and fruits were examined for 22 kinds of pesticides by GC and GC-MS.Results The results obtained from the 174 samples of 2004 showed that the positive rates of organic phosphorous,carbamate pesticide,pyrethroid pesticide and dieofol were 18.39%,12.64%.31.03% and 4.02%respectively,and 18.39%,2.87%,0.00% and 0.00%respectively,exceeded the limit of national standard.The results obtained from the 281 samples of 2005 showed that the positive rates of organic phosphorous,carbamate pesticides,pyrethroid pesticide and dieofol were 34.16%,5.34%,52.67% and 37.01% respectively,and 27.40%,0.00%,1.07%,6.41% respectively exceeded the limit of national standard.Conclusion In Shaanxi Province,residues of organic phosphorous and dieofol were relatively serious in vegetables and fruits.
Inking Outside the Box: How Context Sensing Affords More Natural Pen (and Touch) Computing

The authors were invited to present a reprise of a recently-published paper on Sensing Techniques for Tablet \(+\) Stylus Interaction at the WIPTTE 2015 Workshop. The talk took the original contribution as a point of departure, because for the WIPTTE venue we felt that the most important role of the work was to illuminate and help the audience understand more deeply the interaction modalities of pen and touch—as well as their use in tandem. And in the process the authors felt like they came to understand the topic more deeply as well, hence the paper that follows.
Mixed media tattoo image matching using transformed edge alignment

Tattoos are a valuable biometric used by law enforcement to infer identity and affiliation of crime suspects and victims. Tattoo image databases are currently searched by matching text keywords to image meta-tags, which have limited utility to express the relevant content of tattoos. We propose a means to query tattoo image databases using a sketch drawing which may only abstractly resemble the tattoo. We use coherent point drift to align edges extracted from the sketch and tattoo images and score alignment quality by measuring similarity of shape context features. We demonstrate our approach for database image retrieval using the mixed media database from the NIST Tatt-C challenge and achieve superior retrieval performance compared to several other competitive edge matching approaches.
"Thrust into adulthood": Transition experiences of young adults with cerebral palsy.

Abstract Background The transition to adulthood, the gradual change in roles and responsibilities, is identified as a challenging time for adolescents and young adults with physical disabilities, including those with cerebral palsy. Health care, education, employment, independent living, and community engagement have been identified as areas of concern. However, relatively little research has been done to understand the experiences, perceptions, and needs of individuals with cerebral palsy as they transition toward adulthood. Objective The objective of this study was to explore the transition experiences, perceptions, and needs of young adults with cerebral palsy living in one state in the southeastern United States. Methods Focus groups with nine young adults with cerebral palsy (19–34 years) were conducted. The focus group interview explored the preparation for transition and experiences navigating adulthood. The audio-recorded groups were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Young adults with cerebral palsy identified numerous challenges associated with navigating adulthood. The main themes were: 1) being thrust into adulthood; 2) navigating systems and services; 3) understanding and managing my body; and 4) dealing with stereotypes and prejudice. Conclusions The findings highlight the need for a holistic approach to transition with a focus on building capacity and empowerment. To navigate complex systems of care, “navigators” or “facilitators” are needed. Additionally, practitioners and service providers in adult systems need further education about cerebral palsy.
Simulating anthropomorphic upper body actions in virtual reality using head and hand motion data

The use of self avatars in virtual reality (VR) can bring users a stronger sense of presence and produce a more compelling experience by providing additional visual feedback during interactions. Avatars also become increasingly more relevant in VR as they provide a user with an identity for social interactions in multi-user settings. However, with current consumer VR setups that include only a head mounted display and hand controllers, implementation of self avatars are generally limited in the ability to mimic actions performed in the real world. Our work explores the idea of simulating a wide range of upper body motions using motion and positional data from only the head and hand motion data. We present a method to differentiate head and hip motions using information from captured motion data and applying corresponding changes to a virtual avatar. We discuss our approach and initial results.
An Electron Microscope Study of the Fate of Bacteria Phagocytized by Granulocytes of Crassostrea virginica

It is well established that the primary line of defense in molluscs, in all invertebrates for that matter, to foreign materials, biotic and abiotic, is what has been generally designated as cellular immunity (see Cheng, 1967, and Cheng and Rifkin, 1970, for reviews), although it could be argued that this may not be “immunity” sensu strictu since the involvement of antibodies in the form of immunoglobulins has not been demonstrated (Cheng, 1969, 1973). Nevertheless, as a rule, foreign elements, molecules, or organisms naturally or experimentally introduced into naive molluscs are phagocytized (Stauber, 1950; Tripp, 1958a, b, 1960, 1961; Feng, 1959, 1965; Arcadi, 1968; Cheng et al. 1969; Pauley and Krassner, 1972), encapsulated (Drew and De Morgan, 1910; Labbe, 1928, 1929, 1930; Newton, 1952, 1954; Brooks, 1953; Sudds, 1960;Mackin, 1961; Cheng and Rifkin, 1968), or nacrezized (Dubois, 1901, 1907; Perrier, 1903; Jameson, 1902; Giard, 1907; Alverdes, 1913; Nishikawa, 1917; Mikimoto, 1918; Tsujii, 1960). These appear to be highly efficient mechanisms for arresting and eliminating foreign materials, although exceptions are known (Naville, 1926; Goetsch and Scheuring, 1926; Yonge, 1936; Yonge and Nicholas, 1940; Prytherch, 1940; Mackin, 1951; Michelson, 1961; Feng, 1966; Feng and Stauber, 1968). In these instances, the foreign organisms are either not reacted against or are phagocytized but not degraded intracellularly. The reason(s) for these exceptions remains undetermined, although in the case of the organisms not reacted against, it is evident that the hosts do not recognize them as being nonself.
Robotic Mediastinal Procedures

Mediastinal procedures were traditionally performed with sternotomy, thoracotomy, and clamshell incisions requiring long hospital stays and recovery time. Since the advent of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, minimally invasive techniques have been developed for mediastinal procedures. Robotic surgery has added another dimension to the surgeon’s ability to perform dissection in the mediastinum. Robotics provides the surgeon advantages in the mediastinum due to the increased ability to visualize vital structures, as well as instrumentation providing improved dexterity to dissect in tight spaces. Mediastinal procedures can be differentiated into three anatomical locations, which include the anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum. Anterior mediastinal masses include thymus/thymoma, germ cell tumors, thyroid, and ectopic parathyroid. Approach to robotic anterior mediastinal mass excision with thymectomy as an example is discussed. Middle mediastinal masses include lymph nodes, congenital bronchogenic cysts, pericardial cysts, and on rare occasion, solid tumors such as ectopic thyroid or parathyroid glands. Approach to robotic middle mediastinal cyst as an example is explored. Posterior mediastinal masses include cystic masses of foregut origin or solid tumors of neurogenic origin. Approach to robotic posterior mediastinal masses with Schwannoma excision as an example is examined.
A Preliminary Examination of the Cultural Dimensions of Mental Health Beliefs and Help Seeking: Perspectives from Chinese American Youths, Adults, and Service Providers

This chapter presents preliminary findings from a study that examines culturally specific beliefs, attitudes, and experiences of mental distress and approaches to treatment among Chinese American families. Specifically, we examine focus group data from Chinese American youths and adults, as well as from social service providers from community-based organizations that serve Chinese American communities. Thematic analysis revealed three central dimensions of mental health and help seeking salient to Chinese American families: (a) cultural understanding of distress, (b) help-seeking approaches, and (c) mental health service use and stigma. We discuss the implications of our findings for future directions for interventions that target Chinese American children and families.
Trumpal Fears, Anthropological Possibilities, and Muslim Futures

Reflecting upon a decade of research with Muslim youth across the United States, this article highlights the fears and concerns Muslim communities have expressed in the wake of Donald Trump's 2016 U.S. presidential victory. In explicating the concerns expressed by these youth, the author examines the context of Trump's rise and its relationship to American political culture and economy. The article discusses some possibilities and challenges for educational anthropologists to respond to the contemporary political moment.
Slippery Slopes: Globalization, Market Reforms, and Austerity Politics

This essay reviews the following works: The Politics of Market Discipline in Latin America: Globalization and Democracy. By Daniela Campello. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. viii + 239. $29.99 paper. ISBN: 9781107649866. Private Wealth and Public Revenue in Latin America: Business Power and Tax Politics. By Tasha Fairfield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. viii + 333. $34.99 paper. ISBN: 9781107459090. Globalization and the Distribution of Wealth: The Latin American Experience, 1982–2008. By Arie M. Kacowicz. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. vii + 248. $29.99 paper. ISBN: 9781107499744. Globalization and Austerity Politics in Latin America. By Stephen B. Kaplan. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Pp. xi + 331. $20.99 paper ISBN: 9781107670761. The International Monetary Fund and Latin America: The Argentine Puzzle in Context. By Claudia Kedar. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2013. Pp. ix + 251. $74.50 cloth. ISBN: 9781439909119. Designing Industrial Policy in Latin America: Business-State Relations and the New Developmentalism. By Ben Ross Schneider. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp. vii + 101. $70.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781137524836.
Analysis of entanglement in multi-access quantum optical circuits

Free-space optical communication channels offer unsurpassed advantages over traditional radio frequency systems. They can be implemented in a point-to-point topology and, if necessary, augmented with additional security features for privacy-critical applications. The adoption of quantum mechanical principles in optical communication networks became a foundation for quantum communication protocols that offer added security without the mathematical complexity of traditional cryptography. Encryption can be achieved at the physical layer by using quantized values of photons, which makes exploitation of such communication links extremely difficult. Additional challenges are encountered when the focus is shifted from point-to-point links to multi-access communication systems arranged in a hub-and-spokes topology. To facilitate connectivity, the “hub” can use a single aperture to establish connection to a target platform within its fieldof- view. Polarization entanglement is proposed for data encoding, and additional degrees of freedom can be achieved for each quantum state by using hyper-entanglement. For example, if carrier waves arriving at the same time from multiple transmitters (spokes) are assigned specific frequencies in the 200 GHz ITU grid, their messages can be processed simultaneously by a receiver (hub) that uses a hyperspectral quantum optical circuit. In this paper, we present analysis of the components in the optical trains and propagation of hyper-entangled states in the quantum circuits. The results obtained in this project can be used as the first step before physical implementation of the quantum communication systems.
A Machine Learning Approach to Horizon Line Detection Using Local Features

Planetary rover localization is a challenging problem since no conventional methods such as GPS, structural landmarks etc. are available. Horizon line is a promising visual cue which can be exploited for estimating the rover's position and orientation during planetary missions. By matching the horizon line detected in 2D images captured by the rover with virtually generated horizon lines from 3D terrain models e.g., Digital Elevation MapsDEMs, the localization problem can be solved in principle. In this paper, we propose a machine learning approach for horizon line detection using edge images and local features i.e., SIFT. Given an image, first we apply Canny edge detection using various parameters and keep only those edges which survive over a wide range of thresholds. We refer to these edges as Maximally Stable Extremal Edges MSEEs. Using ground truth information, we then train an Support Vector Machine SVM classifier to classify MSEE pixels into two categories: horizon and non-horizon. Each MSSE pixel is described using SIFT features which becomes input to the SVM classifier. Given a novel image, we use the same procedure to extract MSSEs; then, we classify each MSEE pixel as horizon or non-horizon using the SVM classifier. MSEE pixels classified as horizon are then provided to a Dynamic Programming shortest path finding algorithm which returns a consistent horizon line. In general, Dynamic Programming returns different solutions i.e., due to gaps when searching for the optimum horizon line in a left-to-right or right-to-left fashion. We use the actual output of the SVM classifier to resolve ambiguities in places where the left-to-right and right-to-left solutions are different. The final solution, is typically a combination of edge segments from the left-to-right or right-to-left solutions. Moreover, we use the SVM classifier to fill in small gaps in the horizon line; this is in contrast to the traditional dynamic programming approach which relies on mere interpolation. We report promising experimental results using a set of real images.
Evaluating interdisciplinary care coordination and team functioning in inpatient rehabilitation to improve patient outcomes: Recent findings from a multiyear quality improvement project

Introduction/Background While the interdisciplinary team is an established and proven component of rehabilitation services, rehabilitation professionals often struggle to generalize findings from clinical research to make and sustain improvements in team processes and service delivery. Material and method For three years a Working Group of rehabilitation faculty and hospital service directors in a 50 bed rehabilitation hospital in the U.S. have been meeting to evaluate and improve interdisciplinary care coordination and rehabilitation team functioning with the goal of improved patient outcomes. Here, we report the latest findings of this ongoing quality improvement initiative–a two part (quantitative, qualitative) survey (n= 110). The survey was modified from previously reported measures of team functioning to capture broader issues of interdisciplinary care coordination. In addition to core inpatient team members, (PT, OT, RN, SLP, AT, Neuro- psychology, MD), staff working in admission liaisons, nursing staff who do not routinely attend team conference, hospital administrators, residents, and weekend covering attending physicians participated. Results Analysis of the revised scales supported the previous data on the reliability and validity of the five scales of Teamness (cronbach's Alpha = .942); Team Effectiveness (.935); Supervisor Support (.905); Physician Engagement (.782) and Shared Leadership (.956). Qualitative examination revealed concerns of the integration of nursing service and admissions liaisons with overall care coordination, along with concerns on managing patients with high medical acuity and the administrative push for higher census. The Working Group is developing action plans based on this survey and specific findings will be discussed. Conclusion Results from the survey support prior quantitative domains of team functioning. Subgroup differences on the five scales will be discussed. Qualitative measures reveal tensions between care coordination, staffing levels, needs for a higher census, and concerns of patient acuity. The action plans developed by the Working Group from the survey are presented.
El despoblamiento de la puna: efectos del cambio climático y otros factores

Precisely establishing the context in which adaptation to climate change is occurring is very important, as it allows us to identify factors beyond the ecological. In fieldwork conducted in two communities in the Cordillera Blanca, Canray Grande and Los Andes Recuay, we have identified population loss in the puna. In sectors where before (1970s/80s) there were ten or more families, there are now only three families. To understand the reasons or causes of this population loss, we used ethnographic fieldwork, which revealed that this decline is due to factors beyond climate change. We attribute this population loss to demographic characteristics specific to these families in the puna, such as their lifecycles, which propagate the abandonment of the puna. Pastoral families use livestock as an asset, initially as a form of accumulation, and later as a form of consolidation. However, as families age, the number of animals they own declines and they abandon the puna. Concurrently, new generations view herding as a poverty trap, and as very demanding work, therefore orienting themselves towards wage-earning activities outside of the puna.
Weak Link Properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ Thin Film Grain Boundaries

Laser ablated YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films on MgO can have a morphology consisting of large grains with the c axis perpendicular to the film and with the a and b axes in the plane of the substrate along several different principle MgO axes. The resulting films have characteristic high angle grain boundaries which can be isolated by making small lithographic structures. The high angle grain boundaries are found to show weak link behavior including RSJ like IV curves, high sensitivity to magnetic fields, and constant voltage steps when exposed to microwave radiation. Critical current measurements as a function of magnetic field show that there are large variations in the critical current density along the grain boundary. A considerable amount of flux trapping is seen in the grain boundary weak links which may be an intrinsic feature of a disordered high Tc grain boundary.
Anthropometry of Mentally and Physically Handicapped Persons Employed in Productive Occupations

Physically and mentally handicapped persons are being increasingly employed in the organized industrial sectors. A number of factors are responsible for this situation. On one hand, the governmental requirement on equal employment opportunities is opening the doors for handicapped persons to be productively employed. On the other hand, the management is also beginning to realize that handicapped workers form a very stable and highly motivated employee group. It is also claimed by social work professionals that the productive occupation by itself results in a certain therapeutic effect and hence the “main streaming” must be considered desirable to the individual. The end result of all this is the lessened responsibility of the society in general to care for these persons by institutionilizing them.
Biodiesel Ethers: Fatty Acid Derived Alkyl Ether Fuels as Improved Bioblendstocks for Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines

In the last 20 years, biodiesel consumption in the United States has rapidly increased to ∼2 billion gallons per year as a renewable supplement to fossil fuel. However, further expansion of biodies...
Forecasting exchange rates with elliptically symmetric principal components

Abstract We extract elliptically symmetric principal components from a panel of 17 OECD exchange rates and use the deviations from the components to forecast future exchange rate movements, following the method in Engel et al. (2015). Instead of using standard factor models, we apply elliptically symmetric principal component analysis (ESPCA), introduced by Solat and Spanos (2018), which captures both contemporaneous and temporal co-variation among the exchange rates. We find that ESPCA is more accurate than forecasts generated by existing standard methods and the random walk model, with or without including macroeconomic fundamentals.
Impact of Trainee Involvement on Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lobectomy for Cancer.

Abstract Background Previous literature in other surgical disciplines regarding the impact of resident/fellow involvement on operative-time and outcomes has yielded mixed results. The impact of trainee involvement on minimally invasive thoracic surgery is currently unknown. This study compares risk-adjusted differences in operative-time and outcomes of video assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy for cancer between cases performed with and without residents/fellows involved. Methods All patients undergoing elective VATS lobectomy for cancer between 2008–2018 were identified in the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) database. Patients were stratified into two cohorts: (a) cases with residents/fellows involved, or (b) cases performed by attending surgeons only. Primary outcomes included operative-time, postoperative hospital length-of-stay, and composite thirty-day morbidity and mortality. Secondary outcomes included factors associated with high and low trainee operative autonomy. Results 3678 patients met study inclusion criteria. 1780 cases were performed with residents/fellows involved (median [interquartile range] post-graduate year, 5 [4, 7]). Multivariate analysis showed operative-time was significantly shorter in resident/fellow involved versus attending-only cases (mean [SD], 3.6 [1.4] vs. 3.8 [1.6] hours; P Conclusions Current training paradigms in thoracic surgery are safe and the involvement of motivated and skilled trainees with appropriate supervision may benefit operative duration.
Das Geistige Tier: Roger Scruton’s Recovery of Hegel

The doubleness of the human as both subject and object is the metaphysical mystery at the heart of Roger Scruton’s philosophy. In his exploration of this mystery, Scruton has recourse to the two to...
Speaking Different Languages or Reading from the Same Script? Work Usage of Democratic and Republican Politicans

Words are believed to be indicators of the values that are important to politicians and an impressive amount of empirical research has analyzed variations in language use. While it is generally accepted that there are value differences between Democrats and Republicans, the extent to which these differences are apparent in word usage is largely unknown. In this article, we examine elite rhetoric through the lens of four value-centered theoretical frameworks (Lakoff’s Parenting Model, Moral Foundations Theory, Schwartz’s Values Theory, and Motivated Social Cognition Theory). Contrary to the expectations posited by these four theories, we find little reliable evidence of language differences between Democratic and Republican politicians. Our findings suggest that, at least when it comes to elite rhetoric, widely accepted theoretical claims about the nature of political language and political differences are not consistently supported by empirical analysis.
Plasma disposition of ceftazidime in healthy neonatal foals following intravenous and intramuscular administration.

Cephalosporin antimicrobials can be utilized for the treatment of sepsis in neonatal foals, particularly when an aminoglycoside is contraindicated. Some cephalosporins, however, are not utilized because of cost, sporadic availability, or uncertainty about efficacy. The plasma disposition of ceftazidime, a third-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria and minimal renal side effects has not been reported in neonatal foals. In this study, the plasma disposition of single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) doses of ceftazidime in neonatal foals was determined. Six healthy one to two-day-old foals were given 25 mg/kg of ceftazidime by IV and IM routes in a cross-over design, with a 48-h washout period between doses. Non-compartmental analysis was used to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters. Median t1/2 was 2 h and median AUC0-last was 364 µg h/ml for both IV and IM administration. Median Cmax after IM administration was 101 µg/ml, with a median Tmax of 0.7 h. Relative bioavailability of IM injection was 90%. There were no statistically significant differences between estimated IV and IM pharmacokinetic parameters. Plasma concentrations remained above the human CLSI susceptible breakpoint for Enterobacteriaceae for over 8 h following IV and IM administration.
Policy implementation analysis on access to healthcare among undocumented immigrants in seven autonomous communities of Spain, 2012-2018.

Background In 2012, the Government of Spain enacted Royal Decree-Law (RDL) 16/2012 and Royal Decree (RD) 1192/2012 excluding undocumented immigrants from publicly funded healthcare services. We conducted a policy implementation analysis to describe and evaluate the legal and regulatory actions taken at the autonomous community (AC) level after enactment of 2012 RDL and RD and their impact on access to general healthcare and HIV services among undocumented immigrants. Methods We reviewed documents published by the governments of seven ACs (Andalucia, Aragon, Euskadi (Basque Country), Castilla-La Mancha, Galicia, Madrid, Valencia) from April 2012 to July 2018, describing circumstances under which undocumented immigrants would be able to access free healthcare services. We developed indicators according to the main systemic barriers presented in official documents to analyse access to free healthcare across the participating ACs. ACs were grouped under five access categories: high, medium-high, medium, medium-low and low. Results Andalucia provided the highest access to free healthcare for undocumented immigrants in both general care and HIV treatment. Medium-high access was provided by Euskadi and medium access by Aragon, Madrid and Valencia. Castilla-La Mancha provided medium-low access. Galicia had low access. Only Madrid and Galicia provided different and higher level of access to undocumented migrants in HIV care compared with general healthcare. Conclusions Implementation of 2012 RDL and RD across the ACs varied significantly, in part due to the decentralisation of the Spanish healthcare system. The challenge of healthcare access among undocumented immigrants included persistent systemic restrictions, frequent and unclear rule changes, and the need to navigate differences across ACs of Spain.
Terahertz Based Machine Learning Approach to Integrated Circuit Assurance

Semiconductor production has largely outsourced the design and fabrication of integrated circuits (ICs) to untrusted regions at the expense of hardware trust. Critical electronic equipment found in multiple domains including military, healthcare, and power grid applications rely upon the functionality of ICs to perform various computing, sensing, and actuating operations. Hardware Trojans (HTs) are being increasingly found in defense systems and amongst many critical industries that rely upon components from untrusted regions [1]. Industrial non-destructive techniques (NDT) are unable to ensure total assurance without the use of time consuming endeavors increasing verification price per component. Terahertz (THz) based IC inspection methods have been researched over the past decade [2]. Due to the large amount of data created by THz equipment, there has been widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) based methods for reconstruction, resolution enhancement, and automated detection of counterfeit IC samples. In its raw form, THz radiation suffers from poor spatial resolution, but this can be improved significantly through modelling of the THz source's point spread function PSF. Prior research has shown that object functions (signals from a known object mask) generated from 2D X-ray can be used to simulate the PSF and enhance THz spatial resolution for ICs [3]. In this work, advanced metrology methods along with simulation software across the electromagnetic spectrum are proposed to improve the characterization of authentic versus counterfeit IC samples. This high fidelity model can be used for unsupervised deep learning (DL) utilizing the digital structural and spectral features for comparison. The trained DL model can augment the spatial and spectral enhancement of low-resolution THz data collected rapidly in the far-field. This process framework can provide a method of automated counterfeit detection requiring minimal to no manual labor requirements.
Motherhood, pregnancy and gateways to intervene in substance use disorder.

Motherhood increases women's use of health and social services, presenting opportunities to identify and refer women with substance use disorder (SUD) to treatment. We pooled 4 years (2015-2018) of cross-sectional data from National Survey on Drug Use and Health on women of child-bearing age (18-44) in the United States (n = 64,346). (1) We compared the use of services (health, social and criminal justice involvement) by SUD and 'motherhood' (pregnant or has one or more children under 18). We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the association between motherhood, SUD and their interaction with the use of services. (2) We estimated the association between the use of different services and SUD treatment use among women with SUD. Among women of child-bearing age, 9.7% had SUD. Mothers who had SUD were more likely to use social services (AOR = 1.48 [95% CI: 1.22, 1.79]) and mental health services compared with non-mothers who did not have SUD (AOR = 1.40 [95% CI: 1.19, 1.65]). The following factors were associated with increased odds of receiving SUD treatment among mothers: mental health treatment utilisation (AOR = 1.94 [95% CI: 1.29, 2.93]); Medicaid coverage (AOR = 2.48 [95% CI: 1.64, 3.76]); and criminal justice involvement (AOR = 3.38 [95% CI: 1.97, 5.80]). To increase treatment access, it is important to address women's different stages in life, including how to best engage women in SUD care across different settings.
Embodied Human Computer Interaction

In this paper, we argue that embodiment can play an important role in the design and modeling of systems developed for Human Computer Interaction. To this end, we describe a simulation platform for building Embodied Human Computer Interactions (EHCI). This system, VoxWorld, enables multimodal dialogue systems that communicate through language, gesture, action, facial expressions, and gaze tracking, in the context of task-oriented interactions. A multimodal simulation is an embodied 3D virtual realization of both the situational environment and the co-situated agents, as well as the most salient content denoted by communicative acts in a discourse. It is built on the modeling language VoxML (Pustejovsky and Krishnaswamy in VoxML: a visualization modeling language, proceedings of LREC, 2016), which encodes objects with rich semantic typing and action affordances, and actions themselves as multimodal programs, enabling contextually salient inferences and decisions in the environment. VoxWorld enables an embodied HCI by situating both human and artificial agents within the same virtual simulation environment, where they share perceptual and epistemic common ground. We discuss the formal and computational underpinnings of embodiment and common ground, how they interact and specify parameters of the interaction between humans and artificial agents, and demonstrate behaviors and types of interactions on different classes of artificial agents.
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-2 determines cellular energy dynamics by regulating creatine kinase-B

Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) regulate various biological processes. IP6Ks convert IP6 to pyrophosphates such as diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (IP7) and bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate (IP8). IP7 is produced in mammals by a family of inositol hexakisphosphate kinases, IP6K1, IP6K2, and IP6K3, which have distinct biological functions. The inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 (IP6K2) controls cellular apoptosis. To explore roles for IP6K2 in brain function, we elucidated its protein interactome in mouse brain revealing a robust association of IP6K2 with creatine kinase-B (CK-B), a key enzyme in energy homeostasis. Cerebella of IP6K2-deleted mice (IP6K2-knockout [KO]) produced less phosphocreatine and ATP and generated higher levels of reactive oxygen species and protein oxidative damage. In IP6K2-KO mice, mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with impaired expression of the cytochrome-c1 subunit of complex III of the electron transport chain. We reversed some of these effects by combined treatment with N-acetylcysteine and phosphocreatine. These findings establish a role for IP6K2-CK-B interaction in energy homeostasis associated with neuroprotection.
Hyperthermophilic hydrogen production from wastewater biosolids by Caldicellulosiruptor bescii

Abstract Wastewater biosolids are abundant renewable resources that are rich in organic matter and offer a low cost potential feedstock for biohydrogen production. Relevant literature indicates that biosolids conversion rates are relatively low and therefore this option is not considered feasible. This study showed that hyperthermophilic bacteria Caldicellulosiruptor bescii could efficiently utilize biosolids as the sole carbon source and produce hydrogen (H 2 ) for the first time in the literature. Degradability assessment studies were performed in 60 mL serum bottles at 78 ± 2 °C and the results of this study are very promising indeed. Owing to superior H 2 production characteristics of C. bescii , a H 2 yield of 86 mL per gram dry solids was achieved and this is the highest dark fermentative H 2 yield obtained from biosolids so far. Various chromatographic methods were employed to identify the other major fermentation end products and acetic acid was found as the only major fermentation product in the biosolids reactors.
Benefits and Costs of Electronic Medical Records: The Experience of Mexico's Social Security Institute

Electronic medical record (EMR) systems are increasingly used in developing countries to improve quality of care while increasing efficiency. There is little systematic evidence, however, regarding EMRs' benefits and costs. This case study documents the implementation and use of an EMR system at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS). Three EMR systems are now in operation for primary care, outpatient and inpatient hospital care. The evidence suggests that the primary care system has improved efficiency of care delivery and human resources management, and may have decreased incidence of fraud. The hospital systems, however, have lower coverage and are less popular among staff. The greater success of the primary care system may be due to greater investment, a participatory development process, an open workplace culture, and software appropriately tailored to the workflow. Moving forward, efforts should be made to exploit data housed in EMRs for medical and policy research.
Power‐Aware High Performance Computing

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background Related Work PowerPack: Fine-Grain Energy Profiling of HPC Applications Power-Aware Speedup Model Model Usages Conclusion References ]]>
Look-Ahead Routing Reduces Wrong Turns in Freenet-Style Peer-to-Peer Systems

Peer-to-Peer protocols and applications have drawn much attention. Freenet is a ground-breaking Peer-to-Peer system that protects the anonymity of information producers, consumers, and holders. However, it has been reported that Freenet has a "poor worst-case performance, because a few bad routing choices can throw a request completely off track". In this paper, we design and test look-ahead routing that reduces wrong turns and thus reduces the pathlength of data transfers. Each node checks with all of its immediate neighbors before continuing with the depth-first search. Results show a change in network traffic and a reduction in pathlength of up to 91% for 1-lookahead.
Robust fault location for two and three terminal lines using synchronized phasor measurements

This paper introduces a robust fault location method that utilizes wide area phasor measurements and sparse estimation technique. The proposed method transforms the fault location problem into estimating sparse bus injections in the network, based upon the equivalence in the change of bus voltages between a fault current drawn at an arbitrary point along a line and virtual superimposed current injections at the terminal nodes of the same line. This equivalence not only works for two terminal lines but also three terminal lines. Assuming limited placement of phasor measurements, an underdetermined linear estimation problem whose solution is sparse will be formed. This problem can be solved via sparse estimation especially L 1 regularization technique. Considering possible failure of individual measurement units, an extended formulation incorporating sparse error vector is used to increase the method's robustness. Extensive simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Biosynthesis of terpenes. II. The site and sequence of terpene formation in peppermint.

Abstract Experiments with 14CO2 have shown that the synthesis of monoterpenes by peppermint occurs only in the young tissue, in leaves which are still expanding. The formation of the first terpenes in these young leaves is a rapid process, with several labeled terpenes formed in less than a half hour. Among these are unsaturated ketones; incorporation of the label into menthone takes somewhat longer; and several days are required to label the saturated alcohol menthol. Analysis of the distribution of terpenes through the leaf pairs of a single shoot shows a regular succession from unsaturated ketones and menthofuran in the young leaves to menthol and menthyl acetate in the old leaves. By using labeled terpenes as substrates with leaf slices, it is possible to demonstrate the conversion of piperitenone to piperitone, of pulegone to menthone, and of pulegone to menthofuran.
Standardization of Sonographic Lung-to-Head Ratio Measurements in Isolated Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Impact on the Reproducibility and Efficacy to Predict Outcomes

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of standardization of the lung-to-head ratio measurements in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia on prediction of neonatal outcomes and reproducibility. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 77 cases of isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia managed in a single center between 2004 and 2012. We compared lung-to-head ratio measurements that were performed prospectively in our institution without standardization to standardized measurements performed according to a defined protocol. Results The standardized lung-to-head ratio measurements were statistically more accurate than the nonstandardized measurements for predicting neonatal mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.85 versus 0.732; P = .003). After standardization, there were no statistical differences in accuracy between measurements regardless of whether we considered observed-to-expected values (P > .05). Standardization of the lung-to-head ratio did not improve prediction of the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (P> .05). Both intraoperator and interoperator reproducibility were good for the standardized lung-to-head ratio (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.98 [95% confidence interval, 0.97-0.99]; bias, 0.02 [limits of agreement, -0.11 to +0.15], respectively). Conclusions Standardization of lung-to-head ratio measurements improves prediction of neonatal outcomes. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to assess the utility of standardization of other prognostic parameters.
Analysis of moisture diffusion mechanism in structured lipids using magnetic resonance imaging

The mechanism of moisture migration from a high moisture gel-layer to an adjacent lipid layer was characterized. Three lipid samples: cocoa butter (CB), palm kernel oil (PO) and 20% (w/w) cocoa powder in palm kernel oil (CPPO) were prepared by two methods, shearing during crystallization and static crystallization. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, samples' moisture uptake at a storage temperature of 20 °C was measured for 91 days and their effective diffusivity values were calculated. It was found that shearing reduces effective diffusivity of moisture in samples, thereby increasing their moisture-barrier capacity compared to unprocessed lipid systems. The mechanism of moisture migration was found to be a combination of Fickian diffusion and relaxation of lipid matrix in the statically crystallized cocoa butter samples, whereas Fickian diffusion was the dominant mechanism in sheared cocoa butter samples. Palm kernel oil samples exhibited a combination of Fickian and relaxation mechanisms, regardless of the processing technique. Whereas the mixture of palm kernel oil and cocoa powder samples showed relaxation-mechanism controlled migration due to the presence of hydrophilic cocoa powder particles.
Jejunal ulcer in the presence of gastric achylia; a case report.

Summary The life history of a patient with chronic peptic ulceration followed for 10 years is described. The development of a histamine refractory achloryhdria did not lead to the expected healing of a jejunal ulcer, and ultimately a jejunocolic fistula developed in the presence of a true achylia gastrica of at least one year's duration. It is suggested that factors responsible for the chronicity of a "chronic" peptic ulcer may be operative in the absence of acid gastric secretion.
Drainage — tillage effects on a Crosby-Kokomo Soil Association in Ohio III. Organic matter content and chemical properties

Abstract Soil organic matter content and soil chemical properties were examined for the Crosby-Kokomo Association near Columbus, Ohio. The soils are classified as fine, mixed, mesic, Aeric Ochraqualf and fine, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiaquoll, respectively. Effects of four tillage methods were studied, with and without subsurface drainage. Tillage methods were: ridge till, beds, no-till and conventional till. The tillage treatments were laid out according to the Randomized Block Design with three replicates on each drainage site. Soil samples, obtained in August, 1987 to 50 cm depth in 10 cm increments, were analyzed for soil chemical properties. Tillage methods has significant effects on soil organic matter, Bray-1 P, CEC and exchangeable Ca and K. In general, no-till and beds had significantly higher concentrations of organic matter in the surface layer than the other tillage treatments. Soil pH was lowest in the 10–20 cm depth soil layer and increased with increasing depth. Organic matter and Bray-1 P decreased significantly with depth. Improved soil drainage significantly decreased soil pH by 0.5 units, and soil organic matter content by 33% in the top layers. Subsurface drainage also decreased the concentration of Bray-1 P.
Spectrophotometric determination of micro quantities of zinc in rocks

Abstract A chemical method is presented for the determination of microgram amounts of zinc in rocks. Zinc is absorbed on anion-exchange resin from 1.2 M hydrochloric acid and eluted with 0.01 M hydrochloric acid. A diethyldithiocarbamate separation removes traces of interfering elements from the eluate. The zinc-diethyldithiocarbamate complex is extracted into chloroform at pH 8.5 and reextracted from other elements in the chloroform solution with 0.16 M hydrochloric acid and finally determined spectrophotometrically as the zincon complex at 621 mμ. The coefficient of variation of the method determined from replicate determinations of zinc on 75 selected samples of basalt, ranging in zinc content from 0.004 to 0.018 per cent, was found to be 6.3 per cent and essentially constant in the range of zinc content studied. This method of analysis has been used extensively for a study of zinc in basalts reported by Rader, Swadley, Huffman and Lipp (companion paper, 1963).
Contribution of instructions to the effects of two types of symbolic reinforcers on the discrimination learning of children

The study investigated the effects on discrimination learning of two reinforcers (“right” or a buzzer) under instructional conditions in which Ss received either a full explanation of the reinforcement procedures, partial explanation (no mention of reinforcer omission, blank), or no explanation. Noninformed Ss were significantly poorer than the fully informed. In the right group, this inferiority was due to the relative ineffectiveness of blank as a negative reinforcer or misinterpretation of blank’s meaning, and in the buzzer group, primarily to the ineffectiveness of the buzzer as a positive reinforcer. The partially informed Ss were more similar in performance to the fully informed than the noninformed.