cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infants' detection of increments in low- and high-frequency noise

A visually reinforced operant paradigm was employed to examine the relationship between the difference limen (DL) for intensity and level of the standard during infancy. In Experiment 1,7-month-old infants and adults detected increments in continuous noise presented via headphones at each of four levels ranging from 28 to 58 dB SPL. Noise stimuli were 2-octave bands centered at either 400 or 4000 Hz, and increments were 10 and 100 msec in duration. Infants’ DLs were significantly larger than those of adult subjects and significantly larger for low- than for high-frequency stimuli. For the high-frequency noise band, infants’ DLs were generally consistent with Weber’s law,remaining essentially constant for standards higher than 28 dB SPL (3 dB SL) for 100-msec increments and 38 dB SPL (13 dB SL) for 10-msec increments. For low-frequency noise, infants’ absolute thresholds were exceptionally high, and sensation levels of the standards were too low to adequately describe the relationship. In Ex-periment 2, 7-month-old infants detected 10- and 100-msec increments in 400-Hz noise stimuli presented in sound field. Infants’ low-frequency DLs were large at low intensities and decreased with increases in level of the standard up to at least 30 dB SL. For both low- and high-frequency noise, the difference between DLs for 10- and 100-msec increments tended to be large at low levels of the standard and to decrease at higher levels. These results suggest that the relationship between the DL and level of the standard varies with both stimulus frequency and duration during infancy. However, stimulus-dependent immaturities in increment detection may be most evident at levels within approximately 30 dB of absolute threshold.
On the rate coefficient of the N(2D)+O2→NO+O reaction in the terrestrial thermosphere

[1] The temperature dependence of the rate coefficient of the N(2D)+O2→NO+O reaction has been determined using ab initio potential energy surfaces (PES) and classical dynamics. The calculation agrees with the recommended rate coefficient at 300 K (∼110 km altitude). The rate coefficient is given by the expression k(T) = 6.2 × 10−12(T/300) cm3/s/molec. In contrast to the nearly temperature-independent value of this rate coefficient previously recommended, the value given here increases by almost a factor of about four as the altitude increases from 110 to 200 km. It is also shown that even though N(2D) atoms in the thermosphere are produced with large translational energies, using the value of the rate coefficient at the local temperature introduces negligible error in the amount of NO produced. The new value of this rate coefficient will significantly increase the amount of NO computed in the aeronomic models causing a re-evaluation of the heat budget and temperature and density structure of the thermosphere. In particular, implications of the larger rate coefficient for the recent observations of dramatically enhanced 5.3 μm emission from NO in the thermosphere due to solar storms are discussed.
Renal Perfusion Defects after Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of new renal perfusion defects and the association of these events with aneurysm neck atheroma during endovascular stent-graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed of 50 patients who underwent AAA repair with bifurcated endovascular stent-grafts without suprarenal components between June 1998 and May 1999. Preand postprocedural computed tomographic (CT) angiograms were reviewed to determine the prevalence of new renal perfusion defects. The percent volume of atheroma of the aneurysm neck was determined by three-dimensional volumetric reformation and correlated with prevalence of new postprocedural renal perfusion defects. Follow-up CT angiography was performed between 6 months and 2 years after the procedure and used to evaluate the presence of residual defects and interval changes. RESULTS Of 50 subjects, 18% ( n = 9) had new perfusion defects presumed to be embolic in origin. Follow-up was available for four patients: scarring and cortical thinning consistent with infarction developed in two, whereas the defects resolved in the other two. Analysis of aneurysm neck revealed an average percentage of atheroma of 32% and a range of 0%–73%. In subjects with >40% neck atheroma, the prevalence of new renal perfusion defects was 45.4% (five of 11), compared to 10.3% (four of 39) in subjects with P = .0170). CONCLUSION In this series, the frequency of renal embolic events associated with AAA endovascular repair was 18%. Prevalence of renal embolic perfusion defects was shown to correlate with volume of aneurysm neck atheroma.
The Laborers in the Vineyard: Putting Humor to Work

This article focuses on Jesus’ parable popularly known as “The Laborers in the Vineyard” (Matt. 20:1–16). I propose that a psychoanalytic reading of the parable offers insights that are missing or overlooked in more traditional readings. In support of this proposal, I discuss the interpretation of the parable by Richard Q. Ford (1997) and his emphasis on the critical role of the listener in effecting the reconciliation of disputing parties; and then turn to Freud’s analysis of beggar jokes (Freud 1905/1960) to explore the generosity vs. envy issue to which the landowner alludes in his response to the complaining workers. I also employ Freud’s view that humor (Freud 1927/1963) reflects the superego’s comforting side to suggest that humor may assist in the effort to get the disputing parties to listen to one another and even perhaps to resolve their differences.
Failure of small joint arthrodesis from resorption around a compression screw in a patient with lupus-associated arthritis mutilans: Case report

We report the unusual case of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated arthritis mutilans. Arthritis mutilans is a variant of erosive arthritis that is more commonly reported with psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis and not with SLE. Joint fusion has been shown to be the most effective measure to preserve bone length and prevent further erosive joint changes in arthritis mutilans. We attempted to enhance success of a thumb interphalangeal joint fusion in our patient by adding compression across the fusion with implant screws, given the difficulty of achieving solid bone fusion ordinarily. Osteolysis around the compression screw resulted in arthrodesis failure. We were finally able to achieve successful fusion with iliac crest corticocancellous bone grafts and Kirschner wire fixation. Implant athroplasty in patients with bone loss is risky as it often furthers joint instability because of bone resorption around the prosthesis. This is a point of caution regarding use of any implant (including large screws) in patients with arthritis mutilans, as osteolysis around the implant may occur.
Temperature and Density Measurements of the Collision of Two Plasmas

An important example of interstellar shock-cloud interactions occurs when the shocks are generated by the collision of two interstellar clouds. It has been suggested that the cloud-cloud interaction may result in new star formation with some recent examples found in W49N leading to enhanced O star formation. In an attempt to study aspects of the collision in the laboratory, we have initiated a series of experiments designed to investigate the hydrodynamic motion of high-temperature plasmas produced by volumetric heating of thin aluminum foils. The foils were heated by gold M-band X-rays (2-4 keV) produced by laser radiation from the Nova laser impinging on 1500 ? thick Au foils. In this way we were able to avoid nonuniformities which would exist with lower energy heating radiation. We studied single and double foils, and were able to measure the temperature and density of the plasma with accuracies sufficient for comparisons with radiation hydrodynamic simulations. The densities of the aluminum plasmas produced were inferred by measuring the transmission of the plasma to radiation produced by a tantalum backlighter. Time and spatial information were obtained using a gated X-ray framing camera. For the temperature measurements, we used a samarium backlight and X-ray absorption spectra were taken using a crystal spectrometer and photographic film. The backlight produced a 200 ps wide spectral snapshot. The temperature of each plasma was obtained by determining the ion balance in the plasma from the absorption spectrum of the aluminum 1-2 lines through the plasma. The temperature was extracted from the best fit in a series of transmission calculations at the measured density. The densities and temperatures the plasmas produced in these experiments were determined to be in the range 0.005-0.05 g cm-3 and 20-40 eV. The temperature and density measurements were sufficiently accurate to make detailed comparisons to radiation hydrodynamic simulations and demonstrated some limitations of the simulations.
Modeling and optimization of a large-scale slurry bubble column reactor for producing 10,000 bbl/day of Fischer–Tropsch liquid hydrocarbons

Abstract A user-friendly simulator based on a comprehensive computer model for slurry bubble column reactors (SBCRs) for Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) synthesis, taking into account the hydrodynamics, kinetics, heat transfer, and mass transfer was developed. The hydrodynamic and mass transfer data obtained in our laboratories under typical F–T conditions along with those available in the literature were correlated using Back Propagation Neural Network and empirical correlations with high confidence levels. The data used covered wide ranges of reactor geometry, gas distributor, and operating conditions. All reactor partial differential equations, equation parameters and boundary conditions were simultaneously solved numerically. The simulator was systematically used to predict the effects of reactor geometry (inside diameter and height) as well as superficial gas velocity and catalyst concentration on the performance of a large-scale SBCR provided with cooling pipes and operating under F–T conditions with cobalt-supported catalyst and H 2 /CO = 2. The performance of the SBCR was expressed in terms of CO conversion, liquid hydrocarbon yield, catalyst productivity, and space time yield. The simulator was also used to optimize the reactor geometry and operating conditions in order to produce 10,000 barrels/day (bbl/day) of liquid hydrocarbons.
Thermal Conversion of Hydroxy-Containing Imides to Benzoxazoles: Polymer and Model Compound Study

A series of hydroxy-containing polyimides, containing pendent hydroxyl groups ortho to the heterocyclic imide nitrogen, were prepared via the solution condensation of aromatic dianhydrides with bisaminophenols. The polyimides were found to undergo thermal conversion to polybenzoxazoles upon heating between 350 and 500 °C under nitrogen or vacuum. The thermal conversion was accompanied by loss of carbon dioxide. No other volatile byproducts were detected by IR or NMR. Structures were confirmed by IR, solid-state NMR, and elemental analysis. Polybenzoxazole films, obtained by the thermolysis of solvent-cast poly(amic acid) or polyimide solutions, displayed excellent solvent resistance and good thermal stability. Insolubility of the polybenzoxazoles in all solvents tested indicates possible cross-linking. No crystallinity was observed by X-ray diffraction. Due to the insolubility of the resulting polybenzoxazoles, model compound reactions were also investigated. In the vapor phase at 400 °C, N-(2-hydroxyphen...
Steady State Disturbance Propagation Modelling of Heat Integrated Distillation Processes

As process integration becomes increasingly valuable for energy recovery and material reuse in the process industries, the structural controllability of an integrated process becomes more and more important for its successful implementation. One of the major concerns of the structural controllability is how disturbances can be effectively rejected at the steady state through process design. In this regard, the characterization of disturbance propagation among process units is of a great importance. In this paper, a set of unique steady state disturbance propagation models is introduced for heat-integrated distillation column systems. The models are first-principles-based, but simplified in a linear matrix form. They are particularly useful for process analysis and evaluation in the early stages of process integration. The capability of the model applications is demonstrated by tackling two industrial problems.
The Agger Nasi Punch-Out Procedure (POP): maximizing exposure of the frontal recess

INTRODUCTION For many patients with chronic frontal sinusitis, removal of the uncinate process and limited opening of the anterior ethmoid air cells is adequate to restore proper frontal sinus drainage and ventilation. For those with more advanced disease, however, surgery to enlarge the frontal sinus outflow tract may be required. Typically, the frontal recess is enlarged in the anteroposterior dimension through the clearance of agger nasi cells. The frontal ostium may then be identified and even enlarged if necessary. Surgery of the frontal recess can be technically challenging because of variability in its anatomy as well as its location within the anterosuperior depths of the nasal cavity. The proximity of the frontal recess to the orbit and intracranial cavity demands precision when operating in this region. Therefore, adequate exposure of the recess is critical to the performance of safe and effective frontal sinus surgery. We describe a simple technique to enhance exposure of the frontal recess and thereby facilitate identification and enlargement of the frontal ostium.
Characterization of tomato DNA clones with sequence similarity to human minisatellites 33.6 and 33.15

A tomato lambda genomic library was screened with the human minisatellites 33.6 and 33.15. Similar tomato sequences are estimated to occur on average every 4000 kb. In thirteen hybridizing clones characterized, the size of minisatellite arrays varied between 100 bp and 3 kb. The structure of the repetitive elements is complex as the human core sequence is interspersed with other elements. In three cases, sequences similar to the human minisatellites were part of a higher-order tandem repeat. The chromosomal position of these sequences was established by ascertaining linkage to previously mapped RFLP markers. In contrast to the human genome, no clustering of minisatellite loci was observed in tomato. The fingerprints generated by hybridizing tomato minisatellites to genomic DNA of a set of cultivars were, in two cases, more variable than those obtained with 33.6 or 33.15. Two of the characterized probes detected 4-8 alleles of a single locus, which displayed 10-15 times more polymorphism than random RFLP clones. Some minisatellites contain di- and tri-nucleotide microsatellite repeated motifs which may account for the high level of polymorphism detected with these clones.
Antimicrobial activity of banana puree

An unidentified substance extracted from concentrated banana puree has been shown to inhibit Clostridium sporogenes and other Gram-positive sporeforming bacteria. Water and methanol extracts of concentrated banana puree produced zones of inhibition when tested by well plate biological assay. Organic acids at concentrations normally present in banana puree were found not to be solely responsible for the observed inhibition. The unknown substance demonstrated inhibitory effects at pH values as high as 7.5. Heat stability studies showed that the compound(s) are stable to normal retort temperatures.
Molecular and applied modulation effects in electron—electron double resonance. III. Bloch equation analysis for inhomogeneous broadening

Abstract The dependence of electron—electron double resonance (ELDOR) reduction factors, obtained employing field or frequency swept modes of operation and dispersion or absorption modes detection, upon experimental condition such as Zeeman modulation frequency, Zeeman modulation phase, and pump microwave power and upon molecular conditions such as homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of the hyperfine lines are experimentally and theoretically investigated. Experimental studies were carried out on solutions of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidenol-1-oxyl and perdeuterio-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone-oxyl in sec-butylbenzene at −63 °C. For 1 × 10−3M tetramethylpiperidinol spin label, the methyl and methylene proton nuclear relaxation rates are significantly longer than nitrogen (14N) nuclear relaxation rates that the electron spin resonance (ESR) hyperfine lines demonstrate the characteristics of inhomogeneous broadening. Frequency swept dispersion and absorption ELDOR linewidths are observed to correspond to the linewidth (approximately one megahertz between points of maximum slope) of an ESR spin packet or superhyperfine line as compared to the ESR envelope or hyperfine linewidth (approximately four megahertz for the mI(14N) = +1 (low field) line when a peak to peak modulation field of 0.24 gauss is employed). Moreover, field dispersion ELDOR reduction factors are observed to depend strongly upon modulation frequency (in contrast to the behavior for homogeneous lines reported earlier), with reduction factors decreasing with modulation frequency. Theoretical calculations based upon a modified (interaction of the spins with Zeeman modulation and multiple radiation fields is introduced) decreasing equation Bloch treatment quantitatively reproduce the experimental results when interaction of the unpaired electron with nearby protons as well as with 14N is taken into account.
Reconstruction Of Images Made Through Turbulent Media : Analysis And Comparison Of Selected Methods

Several methods of image reconstruction from turbulently-distorted focal-plane intensity patterns are compared from the viewpoint of noise sensitivity, processing requirements, 4nd ability to deal with extended objects. Computer simulation of the Shift-and-Add method , with and without weighted deconvolution, yields poor results against extended targets. Computer simulation of the speckle interferometry method is carried out as far as correlogram construction; the experimentally meausred noise sensitivity of the phase-retrieval procedure leads to poor predicted image quality. A complete end-to-end simulation of the speckle masking method is shown in detail; the extended target image is reconstructed clearly and unambiguously.
Coordination networks with fluorinated backbones.

Fluorine-containing ligands 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl-methyl)benzene (1) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-bis(2-methylimidazol-1-yl-methyl)benzene (2) were prepared and coordinated with AgNO3, Co(ClO4)2·6H2O, and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O, respectively, to form the following structures: 3D channel polymer [Ag2(1)2(NO3)2·H2O·MeOH]n (3), 2D sheet polymer [Co(1)3(ClO4)2]n (4), 1D chain polymer [Cd(1)3(NO3)2·4H2O]n (5), and a 2D herringbone sheet polymer [Ag(2)NO3·1.5MeOH]n (6). The solid-state crystal structures of 3−6 were studied by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
Variational method for finite length squeeze film damper dynamics with applications

Abstract A variational method of solving Reynolds' equation and of determining the load capacity analytically is obtained for the finite length squeeze film damper undergoing full dynamic motion. The method is then used to determine effective damper coefficients for circular synchronous precession and a non-linear transient analysis is carried out for several damper configurations.
Selecting jobs for a heavily loaded shop with lateness penalties

Abstract One way of adjusting the workload in a manufacturing facility when available jobs exceed current capacity is to select a subset of jobs with the objective of maximizing total net profit for the firm, that is revenue contributed by jobs processed less a penalty for lateness. This motivates us to formulate the objective function in terms of revenues minus costs, in order to reflect the trade-offs faced by the firm itself, which views costs mainly in the context of the reduction of its profits. We present a model that uses weighted lateness as a criterion for time-related penalties. Taking advantage of two special characteristics of the problem, we develop an optimal algorithm and two heuristic procedures. Computational results show that the myopic heuristic demonstrates near-optimal performance in a fraction of the processing time of the optimal benchmark.
18F-FDG-PET/CT parameters as imaging biomarkers in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, is visual analysis of PET and contrast enhanced CT better than the numbers?

Purpose This study was designed to seek associations between positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) parameters, contrast enhanced neck computed tomography (CECT) and pathological findings, and to determine the potential prognostic value of PET/CT and CECT parameters in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).
Seroma-associated primary anaplastic large-cell lymphoma adjacent to breast implants: an indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the breast are rare, encompassing approximately 0.04-0.5% of all malignant breast tumors, and the vast majority are B-cell lymphomas. In contrast, lymphomas of T-cell phenotype have been rarely reported and some of these have been in close proximity to a breast implant. In our consultation practice, we have identified four patients with primary T-cell anaplastic large-cell lymphoma presenting adjacent to silicone or saline breast implants. All patients presented with seroma and neoplastic cells were identified in suspension in the serous fluid without solid tissue invasion. Three patients had no evidence of systemic disease (stage 1E), and one patient was not staged. The mean age of the patients was 46 years (range, 34-59 years). In all patients, the neoplastic cells had a T-cell phenotype, expressed CD30, cytotoxic granule-associated proteins, EMA and clusterin, and were anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1-negative. Clonal T-cell receptor gamma-chain gene rearrangements were identified in three patients. All patients underwent capsulectomy with removal of the implant. One patient subsequently received chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and another was treated with radiation alone. The third patient received no further therapy and the fourth patient has been recently diagnosed. After a mean time of 13 months (range, 9-20 months), all three patients with follow-up were alive and well without any recurrence or systemic disease. Although the follow-up time was relatively short, our series and other reported cases suggest that primary anaplastic large-cell lymphoma adjacent to breast implants is an indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.
Legitimacy and the Use of Natural Resources in Kruger National Park, South Africa

Globally, protected-area managers confront increasingly complex and competing interests and demands, expressed by a variety of parties. When an action concerning the governance and management of a protected area is infused with such complexity, decision making requires an evaluation of that action's legitimacy. Most often, this evaluation is implicit rather than expressly articulated. The purpose of this study was both to illustrate the importance and utility of explicitly evaluating legitimacy and to provide a conceptual framework for understanding how the legitimacy of protected-area governance and management might be understood. To better understand the concept of legitimacy, we conducted a case study of subsistence-based resource use in Kruger National Park, South Africa. The collection of firewood, medicinal plants, thatching grass, and meat by local residents living outside Kruger has long been a contentious issue. Since the park's establishment in 1926, resource use among local residents has been a...
Hepatic angiomyolipoma and hepatic stellate cells share a similar gene expression profile

Summary Background and Aims Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) of the liver are rare neoplasms composed of large epithelioid cells with intermixed fat and blood vessels. Hepatic AMLs have no clear normal-cell counterpart in the liver. However, AMLs and stellate cells both are positive for neural crest–derived markers including HMB-45 antigen. Methods To further explore the similarities between hepatic AMLs and stellate cells, gene expression of a hepatic AML was studied by cDNA microarray. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm gene expression. Hepatic stellate cells can be quiescent, activated, or have a myofibroblastic phenotype depending on their state of activation. Expression of known markers of activated stellate cells was compared between the AML, activated primary mouse stellate cells, and stellate cell lines with activated and myofibroblastic phenotypes. Next, 5 novel genes from the AML were selected because they were not previously known to be markers of stellate cells and mRNA expression measured in the activated mouse stellate cells and in myofibroblastic stellate cell lines. Finally, expression levels of 10 novel genes were determined in 5 cirrhotic and 5 noncirrhotic human livers. Results Overexpression of known markers of activated stellate cells including transforming growth factor β (TGF- β ), smooth muscle actin, and collagen was found in the hepatic AML. Three of 5 novel markers that were identified in the AML, RRAD (Ras-related associated with diabetes), CTSK (cathepsin K), and NIBAN were also found to be overexpressed in activated stellate cells compared with quiescent or myofibroblastic stellate cells. In addition, 9 of 10 novel genes overexpressed in AML were also overexpressed in cirrhotic human livers versus noncirrhotic livers. Conclusions Hepatic AMLs share a similar gene expression profile and may differentiate toward activated stellate cells.
Limitations and improvements of trace element analysis with proton-induced X-rays

The technique of trace element analysis by the detection of characteristic X-rays induced by high energy proton bombardment is critically examined. A discussion of the restrictions imposed by detector resolution is made, the behavior of the cross-section for X-ray production as a function of energy and atomic number is discussed. The effect of this behavior upon analysis time is demonstrated. Background is discussed in terms of its effect on the total counting rate. The use of a silicon solid state detector to determine the overlappingK-lines of light elements andL-lines of heavy elements is shown to have severe limitations. A combination of crystal monochromators and solid state detectors is suggested as a means to circumvent some of the fundamental limitations encountered with a single detector. An experimental arrangement for the use of twenty-four crystal monochromators and two solid state detectors is shown.
Separating Church and State or Guaranteeing Religious Expression?: Resolving Religious Conflict in the Public Workplace

How is religious controversy resolved? Although no definitive and agreed-on rule exists for determining constitutionally appropriate standards for sectarian behavior in the public workplace, an assessment of current research provides a framework to understand the diverse interests that this controversial issue engenders. This article traces the historical and legal evolution of the separation of church and state, provides a framework that more clearly defines salient issues, and poses recommendations for the public employer who faces the controversies created by the clash of secular and sectarian interests. In so doing, the article aims to provide both the public employer and employee with a deeper understanding of the complex issues concerning religious expression in the workplace.
Accountability and automation bias

Although generally introduced to guard against human error, automated devices can fundamentally change how people approach their work, which in turn can lead to new and different kinds of error. The present study explored the extent to which errors of omission (failures to respond to system irregularities or events because automated devices fail to detect or indicate them) and commission (when people follow an automated directive despite contradictory information from other more reliable sources of information because they either fail to check or discount that information) can be reduced under conditions of social accountability. Results indicated that making participants accountable for either their overall performance or their decision accuracy led to lower rates of “automation bias”. Errors of omission proved to be the result of cognitive vigilance decrements, whereas errors of commission proved to be the result of a combination of a failure to take into account information and a belief in the superior judgement of automated aids.
The influence of the loop sequence in binding studies involving cationic porphyrins and DNA hairpins.

DNA hairpins are extremely versatile hosts for investigating DNA-binding interactions, but studies with a dicationic zinc(II) porphyrin reveal that the choice of loop sequence is critical when the aim is to understand adduct formation with very much longer, naturally occurring sequences.
The Importance of Presentation Format

Environment-behavior research presentation format is one factor which may affect research utilization, yet is something which does not appear to be well understood. Potential benefits for groups of...
RMI system: Internet meets the future home theatre

The Remote Media Immersion (RMI) system blends multiple cutting-edge media technologies to create the ultimate digital media delivery platform. Its streaming media server delivers multiple high-bandwidth streams, transmission resilience and flow-control protocols ensure data integrity, and high-definition video combined with immersive audio provide the highest quality rendering.
Multi-threat Containment with Dynamic Wireless Neighborhood Networks

Advances in the areas of robotics have greatly increased the complexity and number of problems that groups of robots are able to solve. This work deals with the use of homogeneous and autonomous robots dynamically forming teams to solve a multi-threat containment problem. The multi-threat containment problem has the robot teams surround a number of threats that may occur randomly. Approaches with and without utilizing wireless communication are proposed and analyzed with a focus on the effects of using wireless. Simulation results show the benefit of the proposed integrated algorithm and its performance in different scenarios.
Zoroastrian and Hindu Connections in the Priestly Strata of the Pentateuch: The Case of Numbers 31:19-24

AbstractPrevious studies have traced important parallels between biblical and Iranian and Indic traditions. As opposed to the meticulous philological work invested in the field of ancient near eastern parallels, however, the Indic and Iranian parallels to the Bible were often invoked in a very general manner and no attempt was made to locate these parallels textually through careful philological investigation.The article demonstrates that, later additions to the priestly strata of the Pentateuch can be significantly illuminated by exploring Indic and Zoroastrian parallels. Through a close examination of Numbers 31:19-24 and its parallels from the Indic and Iranian literatures, the study surmises that particularly the late additions in the biblical text bear resemblance and are connected to the Indic and Iranian traditions. Following an internal analysis of the biblical text, which presents exegetic difficulties that indicate the existence of later interpolations in the text, the study examines Zoroastrian and Hindu parallels relevant to the biblical passage. The light shed by these parallels greatly aids in solving the difficulties and discrepancies inherent in the biblical text.
Temporal grouping and presentation rate in serial recall by retarded and nonretarded children

Retarded and nonretarded subjects heard temporally grouped and ungrouped sequences of digits at varying presentation rates in a serial recall task. The results showed that the facilitatory effect of temporal grouping was not as great for retarded subjects as for nonretarded subjects younger in mental age. Several possible explanations for the smaller effect of temporal grouping for the retarded subjects were discussed.
Environmental Factors that influence the Transition from Lysogenic to Lytic Existence in the ϕHSIC/Listonella pelagia Marine Phage–Host System

The marine phage ϕHSIC has been previously reported to enter into a pseudolysogenic-like interaction with its host Listonella pelagia. This phage–host system displays behaviors that are characteristic of both pseudolysogeny and lysogeny including a high rate of spontaneous induction and chromosomal integration of the prophage. To determine what parameters may influence the transition from lysogenic to lytic existence in the ϕHSIC/L. pelagia phage–host system, cultures of this organism were incubated under different environmental conditions, while host cell growth and bacteriophage production were monitored. The environmental parameters tested included salinity, temperature, a rapid temperature shift, and degree of culture aeration. The highest titers of phage were produced by HSIC-1a cells grown in high-salinity nutrient artificial seawater media (67 ppt with a natural salinity equivalent of 57 ppt) or those cultured in highly aerated nutrient artificial seawater media (cultures shaken at 300 rpm). Conversely, the lowest titers of phage were produced under low salinity or rate of aeration. In general, conditions that stimulated growth resulted in greater lytic phage production, whereas slow growth favored lysogeny. These results indicate that elevated salinity and aeration influenced the switch from lysogenic to lytic existence for the phage ϕHSIC. These results may have implications for environmental controls of the lysogenic switch in natural populations of marine bacteria.
The effects of altering the position of cleavage planes on the process of localization of developmental potential in ctenophores.

Abstract During the transition from the four- to the eight-cell stage in ctenophore embryos, each blastomere produces one daughter cell with the potential to form comb plate cilia and one daughter cell that does not have this potential. If the second cleavage in a two-cell embryo is blocked, at the next cleavage these embryos frequently form four blastomeres which have the configuration of the blastomeres in a normal eight-cell embryo. At this division there is also a segregation of comb plate-forming potential. By compressing a two-cell embryo in a plane perpendicular to the first plane of cleavage it is possible to produce a four-cell blastomere configuration that is identical to that produced following the inhibition of the second cleavage. However, under these circumstances the segregation of comb plate potential does not occur. These results suggest that the appropriate plane of cleavage must take place for a given cleavage cycle, in order for localizations of developmental potential to be properly positioned within blastomeres.
Contribution to optimal lamp design in rapid thermal processing

Recent studies of wafer temperature control in rapid thermal processing systems have indicated that a multi-ring circularly symmetric lamp configuration with independent (multivariable) control of the power applied to each ring is likely to be more successful than the earlier lamp design approaches. An important issue in such multi-ring lamp systems is the optimal shaping of the output heat flux profile (HFP) of each ring, as measured at the wafer surface with a reference value of input power, to provide good controllability of the wafer temperature. In this paper we seek to optimize the ring HFPs via the lamp design parameters: ring positions and widths. We start by determining the heat loss profiles over the wafer surface for a variety of temperature setpoints and processing conditions. In order to maintain temperature uniformity across the wafer at a given setpoint, the lamp system should provide a compensating HFP. The total lamp HFP is the sum of the individual ring HFPs weighted by their respective applied powers. The HFPs are, in turn, functionally dependent on the lamp design parameters and this dependence can be measured through a calibration process. Therefore, the resulting optimization problem reduces to determining the lamp design parameters that result in a total lamp HFP which best approximates the collection of the wafer heat loss profiles. Our method provides a practical technique for determining the optimal lamp design parameters.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Proliferative and Anti-Proliferative Effects of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells: Relationship to cAMP Concentrations

Proliferative and Anti-Proliferative Effects of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells: Relationship to cAMP Concentrations
A method suitable for the measurement of the thermal diffusivity of irradiated materials

Abstract A description is given of a transient method which is suitable for measuring thermal diffusivity of irradiated materials. The time taken for the measurement is short and some of the difficulties normally encountered in handling and machining radioactive material, prior to such a measurement, are avoided. The theory is developed, a prototype test equipment described and results quoted for brass, steel, natural uranium (unirradiated), copper and aluminium. For brass, steel and natural uranium specimens the accuracy is better than ± 5 % of the accepted values reported in the literature. The accuracy for aluminium and copper could be improved by using longer specimens in a modified apparatus. The measurement is of the macroscopic thermal conductivity, i.e. averaged over an area much greater than that of a single crystallite.
Market Reactions, Characteristics, and the Effectiveness of Corporate Layoffs

Two hypotheses are considered to explain employee layoffs by corporations: (1) the declining investment opportunities hypothesis; and (2) the efficiency hypothesis. The stock market response to employee layoff announcements is estimated to be negative, which is consistent with the declining investment opportunities hypothesis as opposed to the efficiency hypothesis. Large, permanent, and unanticipated layoffs are associated with higher market reaction relative to small, temporary, and anticipated layoffs. A significant difference exists between industry type and for the stated reason of the layoff. Corporate layoffs per se increased the efficiency of the firm, as evidenced by a significant increase in return on equity and net income to employee in the post-announcement relative to the pre-announcement period.
A circuit model for the adaptive properties of neural networks

A simple probabilistic model of a two-layer neural net is proposed to quantize the fault tolerance characteristics of the network from circuit design perspectives. While the model assumes very simple distribution functions and an elementary architecture, the results illuminate the design tradeoffs that must be considered, especially in VLSI implementations. The methods to quantize fault tolerance that are presented are applicable to more complicated probability distributions and architectures. >
Unsanctifying the sanctuary: challenges and opportunities with brain metastases

While the use of targeted therapies, particularly radiosurgery, has broadened therapeutic options for CNS metastases, patients respond minimally and prognosis remains poor. The inability of many systemic chemotherapeutic agents to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has limited their use and allowed brain metastases to become a burgeoning clinical challenge. Adequate preclinical models that appropriately mimic the metastatic process, the BBB, and blood-tumor barriers (BTB) are needed to better evaluate therapies that have the ability to enhance delivery through or penetrate into these barriers and to understand the mechanisms of resistance to therapy. The heterogeneity among and within different solid tumors and subtypes of solid tumors further adds to the difficulties in determining the most appropriate treatment approaches and methods of laboratory and clinical studies. This review article discusses therapies focused on prevention and treatment of CNS metastases, particularly regarding the BBB, and the challenges and opportunities these therapies present.
Stress distributions in the acetabular region—II. Effects of cement thickness and metal backing of the total hip acetabular component

Abstract A two-dimensional finite element study was undertaken to establish the stresses in the acetabular region after total joint replacement. The influence of cement thickness and the effect of metal backing on the polyethylene cup were explored. Increasing cement thickness (from 1 to 3 to 5 mm) caused a decrease in the von Mises' equivalent stresses in the cement and surrounding cancellous bone. A more dramatic reduction in these stresses was found when a 2 mm thick cobalt-chromium alloy backing was added to the cup. The results indicate that increasing the stiffness of the composite implant by either method is helpful but that the metal backing causes a more efficient transfer of the stresses to the walls of the ilium. This finding strongly suggests that the use of a metal-backed acetabular component will help to delay or prevent cup loosening and migration in total hip replacement patients.
Sensory processing of linguistic pitch as reflected by the mismatch negativity.

Objective—To assess the extent to which acoustic and phonetic change-detection processes contribute to the mismatch negativity (MMN) to linguistic pitch contours. Design—MMN was elicited from Mandarin and English speakers using a passive oddball paradigm. Two oddball conditions were constructed. In one condition (T1/T2i), the Mandarin high level tone (T1) was compared with a convex high rising tone (inverted T2, henceforth referred to as “T2i”) that occurs as a contextual variant of T1 in running speech. In the other (T2/T2i), the concave high rising tone (T2) was compared to T2i. Phonetically, T1/T2i represents a within-category contrast for native speakers, whereas T2/T2i represents a between-category contrast. The between-category pair (T2/ T2i), however, is more similar acoustically than the within-category pair (T1/T2i). In an attentiondemanding behavioral paradigm, the same speakers also performed an auditory discrimination task to determine the perceptual distinctiveness of the two tonal pairs. Results—Results revealed that the Chinese group, relative to the English, showed larger MMN responses and earlier peak latencies, for both conditions, indicating experience-dependent enhancement in representing linguistically-relevant pitch contours. At attentive stages of processing, however, the Chinese group was less accurate than the English in discriminating the within-category contrast (T1- T2i). Conclusions—These findings demonstrate that experience-dependent neural effects at early preattentive stages of processing may be driven primarily by acoustic features of pitch contours that occur in natural speech. At attentive stages of processing, perception is strongly influenced by tonal categories and their relations to one another. The mismatch negativity is a useful index in examining long-term plasticity to linguistically-relevant acoustic features.
STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS IX. THE ACTION OF SERUM FROM X-RAYED ANIMALS ON LYMPHOID CELLS IN VITRO.

Lymphoid cells, prepared from the thymus and lymph glands of rats, when suspended in the serum of x-rayed rats and incubated for 2 hours, increase in number from 15 to 30 per cent, and mitotic figures are found among these cells in fairly large numbers. A like suspension of cells in normal serum undergoes rapid disintegration and in only one instance among a large number of films examined was a mitotic figure found. The stimulative effect of the serum from x-rayed rats endures from 1 to 2 hours after the exposure but is not detectable in the serum taken 17 hours or later after the treatment. Serum x-rayed in vitro is devoid of stimulative action. The lymphoid cells of rabbits and guinea pigs are so fragile as to make impossible the obtaining of counts accurate enough for experimental purposes. The serum of one species caused such rapid disintegration of the cells of another that it was impossible to determine the specificity of the reaction.
International News Selection by the Elite Press: A Case Study

This study examines the news factors influencing the selection of international news for publication-frequency, threshold, unambiguity, meaningfulness, personal and national elitism, and negativity. The subject of investigation is The Times (London) during a two-week period (January-February, 1975). Comparisons are made between published and unpublished news events, coded according to World Event/ Interaction Survey event categories. To avoid some of the problems inherent in testing individual news factors, the complementarity and additivity hypotheses were also tested; both are supported by the data. In addition, relevance of the study to policy issues such as agenda setting by the press and recent Third World criticism of Western news coverage is discussed. Sophia Peterson is Professor of Political Science at West Virginia University. This research was supported by grants from West Virginia University and the West Virginia University Foundation. The author is indebted to William Rees-Mogg, Editor, and to Louis Heren, Deputy Editor and Foreign Editor, The Times (London), for their cooperation in the conduct of this project. The contributions of graduate research assistants P. Douglas Fawcett and Cary W. Smith are also gratefully acknowledged. A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the annual meetings of the International Studies Association, St. Louis, Missouri, March 16-20, 1977. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 45:143-163 ? 1981 by The Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 0033-362X/81/0045-143/$2.50 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.92 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 06:48:51 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
ASSESSING COHESIVENESS OF MASS IN FOODS USING AN ELECTRONIC SENSING SYSTEM

The cohesiveness of mass of a model cake system was studied using an electronic sensing system (ESS). Descending energy (DE) of the ESS signal contributed to the cohesiveness of mass measurement. Because of confounding effects between hardness and cohesiveness of mass on the ESS signals, hardness index, product of ESS total energy, peak energy, and fourier power, was included in the ESS cohesiveness of mass calculations, resulting in higher correlations with sensory evaluation for all ESS panelists (r ≥ 0.83). When ESS was applied to the cohesiveness of mass for commercial breads, correlations with sensory analysis values were r ≥ 0.62. Correlations were weak for ESS and sensory analysis data for foods with a large range of textures.
End-to-End Scientific Data Management Using Workflows

Workflows have evolved as the natural tool for scientists to model their eScience experiments. With the scientific world producing data at an explosive rate, workflows have an important part to play in the end to end management of scientific data. To illustrate, workflow can help with fault tolerance and ease of administration when ingesting massive quantities of data using commodity hardware. The ability for workflows to automatically collect provenance on derived scientific data improves data discovery and publication capabilities. With better support for interoperating with data centric tools, workflows can become ubiquitous systems for scientific collaboration.