cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural Amnesia: Necessary Memories from History and the Arts by Clive James

Cultural Amnesia: Necessary Memories from History and the Arts Clive James. New York: W.W. Norton Co., 2007. This is a browse about book, written by a gifted stylist who is very widely read and who has a clear sense of what (or whom) should be considered important. Consider, for example, his elegy to F. Scott Fitzgerald, which makes the expected comparison with Ernest Hemingway (a writer not considered important enough to deserve an entry of his own in this book, by the way), a writer whose style could be and was imitated, unlike Fitzgerald's, which was, quite simply, too exquisite and too unreachable for imitation or parody. An unexpected comparison found in this entry is made with Booth Tarkington, certainly a secondary talent to Fitzgerald, but one who, like Fitzgerald, was fascinated by the wealthy and the reckless, and, like Fitzgerald, certainly caught the spirit of his times. By no means are the entries in this book confined to celebrity writers as famous as Fitzgerald, however. At another extreme is Alfred Polgar, born in Vienna in 1873, and destined to become "the unsurpassable exemplar of German prose in modern times, even though he never, strictly speaking, wrote a book" (561), but how many Americans would be aware of his stylistic achievements? And, by no means are all of the figures in this carpet writers. Filmmaker Federico Fellini is here, for example, as is the enigmatic "Chris Marker" (born 1921 as Christian Francois Bouche-Villeneuve), whom James considers the "best mind" of the nouvelle vague. (James dismisses Jean-Luc Godard as "an obvious featherbrain" politically and compliments Truffaut for having the good sense to avoid overt political statements.) The Marker entry quickly moves to a consideration of the nature of documentary filmmaking, praising Marker's work at the expense of the more famous (though far more facile) Michael Moore. The book is a constant delight because of its surprises, as Terry Gilliam bumps up against Edward Gibbon, Miles Davis against Sergei Diaghilev (1872-1929, "born in Novgorod and buried in Venice"). Decadent poet and dramatist Jean Cocteau against G. K. Chesterton, also a poet and writer, but of an entirely dierent stripe. You'll find Chaplin here (but not Keaton), Marcel Proust (but not Joyce), Alfred Einstein, the musicologist (!), not "his physicist cousin," Albert. There is a certain Germanic predisposition throughout the selections, as is announced by the book's "Overture," devoted to "Vienna." Here one finds an admitted nostalgia for Old Vienna cafe society, a world in which "You didn't complete your education and then start your career. Your education was your career, and it was never completed" (1). …
The challenge of the creative Third World

This article is a contribution to recent literature on the shape of the polycentric world order. It argues that the Third World remains a valid concept for describing the interests and ideas that shape the foreign policies of many key non-Western states. However, the Third World has changed in a fundamental way. The article describes the historical emergence and contemporary manifestations of a ‘creative’ Third World in contrast to the ‘protest’ Third World of the past. It describes the nature of this shift and how it is reshaping Western leadership. It argues that the main challenge for the West is to create a coherent pluralism in international order that embraces this creative Third World.
Efficiency of Various Overwraps and Seal Tightness in Excluding Insects from Dried-Fruit Cartons

Fourteen types of overwraps on raisin or prune cartons were tested for insect resistance against nine species of stored-product insects. They were classified into three categoriesof seal tightness. The most insect-resistant overwrap on a raisin carton was a D.9-mil, heat seal-coated, biaxially oriented polypropylene film, and the most resistant prune carton overwrap was a 2.5-mil, polyethylene-coated foil overwrap. Raisin cartons of all types of overwraps classified in the tight-seal category averaged 18.7% infested, whereas prune overwraps in the same category averaged 8.2%. The averages in the tight-seal category were lower than infestation rates of any type of film individually; thus, a tightly sealed overwrap was more important than the type of overwrap used.
Affine descents and the Steinberg torus (Supplemental)

In this section we outline some basic facts for affine Weyl groups, following standard notations. See Sections 4.3 and 4.6 of the book by James Humphreys for more details [92].
A Fault Injection System for Measuring Soft Processor Design Sensitivity on Virtex-5 FPGAs

This paper presents an FPGA fault injection system, a methodology for soft processor fault injection, and fault injection experimental results for MicroBlaze and LEON3 soft processor designs. The Xilinx Radiation Test Consortium—Virtex 5 Fault Injector (XRTC-V5FI) was built to evaluate the configuration memory sensitivity of soft processor designs. To overcome some of the challenges of soft processor fault injection, we designed the XRTC-V5FI to be fast, flexible, and to fully cover all configuration memory bits. The minimum time to inject a full bitstream is 28 minutes and the individual fault injection can be as fast as 49 μS. The LEON3 has 81.3 % more sensitive bits than the MicroBlaze, yet when normalized by the number of used slices, the MicroBlaze is 26.2 % more sensitive than the LEON3.
Induction of drug metabolism. V. Independent formation of cytochromes P-450 and P1-450 in rats treated with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene simultaneously.

The administration of 3-methylcholanthrene to rats causes the formation of cytochrome P1-450, a variant of cytochrome P-450. One concept holds that cytochrome P1-450 is formed when 3-methylcholanthrene or one of its metabolites combines irreversibly with the type I binding site of previously existing cytochrome P-450. Another concept submits that cytochrome P1-450 is synthesized independently of cytochrome P-450 and very probably does not contain 3-methylcholanthrene or one of its metabolites. The current study supports the second concept. When phenobarbital, an agent known to induce the synthesis of cytochrome P-450, and 3-methylcholanthrene are administered simultaneously, microsomal levels of cytochrome P-450 hemoprotein, the binding of hexobarbital and aniline to this hemoprotein, and microsomal 3-methyl-4-methylaminoazobenzene N-demethylase activity are elevated nearly to the sums of each of these measurements obtained when the inducing agents are given singly. It was reasoned that if cytochrome P1-450 results simply from the formation of a stable cytochrome P-450-polycyclic hydrocarbon complex, the P-450 hemoprotein obtained after simultaneous administration of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthere should be entirely in the form of cytochrome P1-450. Studies of the induction of cytochromes P-450 and P1-450 led to the conclusion that the two hemoproteins are synthesized independently of each other. If 3-methylcholanthrene or one of its metabolites is incorporated into cytochrome P1-450, the process must occur during the synthesis of new hemoprotein.
Salinity-induced changes in gene expression from anterior and posterior gills of Callinectes sapidus (Crustacea: Portunidae) with implications for crustacean ecological genomics

Decapods represent one of the most ecologically diverse taxonomic groups within crustaceans, making them ideal to study physiological processes like osmoregulation. However, prior studies have failed to consider the entire transcriptomic response of the gill - the primary organ responsible for ion transport - to changing salinity. Moreover, the molecular genetic differences between non-osmoregulatory and osmoregulatory gill types, as well as the hormonal basis of osmoregulation, remain underexplored. Here, we identified and characterized differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via RNA-Seq in anterior (non-osmoregulatory) and posterior (osmoregulatory) gills during high to low salinity transfer in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, a well-studied model for crustacean osmoregulation. Overall, we confirmed previous expression patterns for individual ion transport genes and identified novel ones with salinity-mediated expression. Notable, novel DEGs among salinities and gill types for C. sapidus included anterior gills having higher expression of structural genes such as actin and cuticle proteins while posterior gills exhibit elevated expression of ion transport and energy-related genes, with the latter likely linked to ion transport. Potential targets among recovered DEGs for hormonal regulation of ion transport between salinities and gill types included neuropeptide Y and a KCTD16-like protein. Using publically available sequence data, constituents for a "core" gill transcriptome among decapods are presented, comprising genes involved in ion transport and energy conversion and consistent with salinity transfer experiments. Lastly, rarefication analyses lead us to recommend a modest number of sequence reads (~10-15M), but with increased biological replication, be utilized in future DEG analyses of crustaceans.
Large Environmental Effects

As shown in Chapters 1 and 2, environmental effects accompany both energy provision and use, and hence play a role in energy decisions. Unintended environmental consequences tend to be harmful, partly because benefits can be made profitable, hence institutional and intentional. Therefore, most environmental effects to be described in this book are harmful. Some are local and/or quite mode-specific—for example, nuclear waste or coal-mine dust—and many such topics appear in later chapters that deal with more specific energy sources or uses.
Recent advances in the development and application of nanoelectrodes

Nanoelectrodes have key advantages compared to electrodes of conventional size and are the tool of choice for numerous applications in both fundamental electrochemistry research and bioelectrochemical analysis. This Minireview summarizes recent advances in the development, characterization, and use of nanoelectrodes in nanoscale electroanalytical chemistry. Methods of nanoelectrode preparation include laser-pulled glass-sealed metal nanoelectrodes, mass-produced nanoelectrodes, carbon nanotube based and carbon-filled nanopipettes, and tunneling nanoelectrodes. Several new topics of their recent application are covered, which include the use of nanoelectrodes for electrochemical imaging at ultrahigh spatial resolution, imaging with nanoelectrodes and nanopipettes, electrochemical analysis of single cells, single enzymes, and single nanoparticles, and the use of nanoelectrodes to understand single nanobubbles.
Use of EQUIL to Estimate pH of Well-Defined Solutions

The software EQUIL (1, 2) allows calculations of ion activities, relative supersaturations and charge balance, when concentrations and pH are entered. In a well-defined solution, charge balance is expected to be zero at any measured pH and, therefore, calculations of pH should be possible. This concept was examined with titrations of HEPES buffer (3).
A structure‐function approach to optimizing TLR4 ligands for human vaccines

Adjuvants are combined with vaccine antigens to enhance and modify immune responses, and have historically been primarily crude, undefined entities. Introducing toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands has led to a new generation of adjuvants, with TLR4 ligands being the most extensively used in human vaccines. The TLR4 crystal structures demonstrate extensive contact with their ligands and provide clues as to how they discriminate a broad array of molecules and activate or attenuate innate, as well as adaptive, responses resulting from these interactions. Leveraging this discerning ability, we made subtle chemical alterations to the structure of a synthetic monophosphoryl lipid-A molecule to produce SLA, a designer TLR4 ligand that had a number of desirable adjuvant effects. The SLA molecule stimulated human TLR4 and induced Th1 biasing cytokines and chemokines. On human cells, the activity of SLA plateaued at lower concentrations than the lipid A comparator, and induced cytokine profiles distinct from other known TLR4 agonists, indicating the potential for superior adjuvant performance. SLA was formulated in an oil-in-water emulsion, producing an adjuvant that elicited potent Th1-biased adaptive responses. This was verified using a recombinant Leishmania vaccine antigen, first in mice, then in a clinical study in which the antigen-specific Th1-biased responses observed in mice were recapitulated in humans. These results demonstrated that using structure-based approaches one can predictably design and produce modern adjuvant formulations for safe and effective human vaccines.
Effects of Competitive Active-Site Ligand Binding on Proton- and Electron-Transfer Properties of the [Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]10− Polyoxometalate Water Oxidation Catalyst

The polyoxometalate [Co4(L)2(PW9O34)2]10−, where L is typically H2O, (1) is a much-studied homogeneous water oxidation catalyst that facilitates the conversion of water to dioxygen through a mechanism that remains poorly understood due to difficulty measuring electrochemical and acid–base properties in aqueous media. Studies in a non-aqueous, polar aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile, MeCN, are useful for probing the properties of this catalyst in the absence of reactive substrates or in the presence of competitive substrates. We report that in MeCN, 1 can be electrochemically and chemically oxidized to an unstable species, 1 ox , which reverts to 1 over time. Dioxygen formation is not observed in MeCN under catalytic conditions. In water, the presence of MeCN does not significantly affect kinetics of oxidation but significantly inhibits the yield of dioxygen. X-ray crystal structure determination shows that MeCN coordinates to the two external Co centers in the solid state; changes in the visible spectrum indicate that aqua and MeCN ligands on these Co centers exchange in the solution state. In agreement with these observations, acid–base titration behavior is shifted to reflect competitive binding and density-functional theory calculations show a 2.1 kcal mol−1 stronger interaction for MeCN than H2O. This competitive binding and the effects on water oxidation support the direct involvement of these two Co centers in binding substrate water and/or trapping of reactive intermediates by MeCN.
Grazing to Gravy: Faunal Remains and Indications of Genízaro Foodways on the Spanish Colonial Frontier of New Mexico

Understanding identity aspects of those labeled Genizaro during the late Spanish Colonial period of New Mexico benefits from finer-grained perspectives on what ranges and mixtures of practices persons bearing this casta designation may have performed while preparing cuisine. Materials from the northern frontier site of Casitas Viejas (LA 917) suggest that the closely related households of this fortified plaza may have departed from the less expansive culinary practices of colonial elites while drawing from their multiple social relationships at the various stages of production and consumption of foods. In other words, at different temporal and spatial scales, behaviors reflected in the material record refute historical notions about a creolized community that tried to diminish identity difference within the village. The goal of this work is to explore through the study of faunal remains some of the relationships between foodways and cultural identity in a manner that might assist in some disentangling of the sticky problems archaeologists face in interpreting traces of dynamic past situations of identity from a static material record recovered today.
Developing a change-sensitive brief behavior rating scale as a progress monitoring tool for social behavior: An example using the social skills rating system - Teacher form

Research has been unsuccessful at revealing an analogue to curriculum-based measurement in the area of progress monitoring for social behavior. As a result, there is a need to develop change-sensit...
All-Inside, All-Epiphyseal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Athletes: Return to Sport, Incidence of Second Surgery, and 2-Year Clinical Outcomes.

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in skeletally immature athletes are increasing.Purpose:To evaluate the 2-year clinical outcomes of all-inside, all-epiphyseal ACL reconstruction...
Vacancy dissociation in body-centered cubic screw dislocation cores

Abstract The interaction between screw dislocations and vacancies in body-centered cubic metals is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. For thirteen different classical interatomic potentials, materials properties relating to vacancies, dislocations, and the interaction between the two are evaluated. The potentials include six for iron, two for molybdenum, and five for tantalum, and they are a mix of embedded atom method (EAM), modified embedded atom method (MEAM), and angular dependent potential (ADP) styles. A previously unknown behavior was identified during the interaction simulations. Out of the thirteen potentials investigated, ten predict a vacancy on the dislocation core to no longer remain as a discrete point defect, but rather to dissociate along the dislocation line. The structure of the dissociation is dependent on the potential and is characterized here. As this vacancy dissociation alters the core structure of the dislocation, it may prove to be a new mechanism for dislocation pinning and pipe diffusion.
Measurements of natural selection on floral traits in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). II. Selection through lifetime male and total fitness

It has often been suggested that selection on floral traits in hermaphroditic plants should occur primarily through differences in male fitness. However, measurements of selection on floral traits through differences in lifetime male fitness have been lacking. We measured selection on a variety of wild radish floral traits using lifetime male fitness measures derived from genetic paternity analysis. These male fitness estimates were then combined with estimates of lifetime female fitness of the same plants to produce measurements of selection based on lifetime total fitness. Contrary to the prediction above, there was no strong evidence for selection on floral morphology through male fitness differences in any of the three years of the study, but there was strong selection for increased flower size through female fitness differences in one year. The main determinant of both male and female fitness in all years was flower number; this lead to moderately positive correlations between male and female fitness in all three years.
Self-Regulation in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Emotion Regulation, Executive Function, and Effortful Control

Abstract Research in the field of developmental disabilities has a long tradition of drawing on multiple disciplines in an effort to gain a comprehensive account of children's atypical development. Given the pervasive nature of the developmental delays associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a reliance on interdisciplinary work has been essential to the development of a comprehensive research base on this disorder. One area of work for which the field of ASD has drawn heavily from multiple perspectives is the topic of self-regulation. Self-regulation, defined as the organization or modulation of affective, mental, and behavioral responses, has been conceptualized to include control over emotional experiences and expressions (i.e., emotion regulation), cognitive or mental processes (i.e., executive function), and approach/withdrawal behaviors (i.e., effortful/behavioral control). In this chapter, interdisciplinary work from such fields as developmental and clinical psychology, neuropsychology, and special education is brought together to provide an integrated account of the development of self-regulation among young children with ASD. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Indian Spectacle: College Mascots and the Anxiety of Modern America. By Jennifer Guiliano. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2015. Pp. xii, 175. $27.95.) : Book Review

In this unique study, the author examines the ways in which American college athletics in the early 1900s, especially, rallied around Indianness as a way of centering dominant forms of community, n...
ON THE QUESTION OF WHETHER CYTOCHROME P-450 CATALYZES ETHANOL OXIDATION: STUDIES WITH PURIFIED FORMS OF THE CYTOCHROME FROM RABBIT LIVER MICROSOMES

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a few studies in which purified forms of the cytochrome from rabbit liver microsomes was used. The ability of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 to catalyze the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde was examined in a reconstituted enzyme system containing electrophoretically homogenous phenobarbital-inducible P-450LM2, β-naphtoflavone-inducible P-450LM4, or a partially purified mixture of P-450LM1, and LM7. Only very low rates of ethanol oxidation were observed, about 3–5 nmol per min per nmol P-450LM, with no apparent specificity of any of the P-450LM forms for ethanol. In the presence of ethanol, essentially all of the NADPH oxidation in the reconstituted system could be accounted for by the formation of H2O2 finding. The inability of ethanol to stimulate NADPH and oxygen utilization by the reconstituted enzyme system are incompatible with a mixed function oxidation reaction leading to acetaldehyde formation. Ethanol had no effect on benzphetamine hydroxylation by P-450LM2 rates of ethanol oxidation could possibly be because of a slight peroxidatic activity of P-450LM in the presence of H2O2 generated in the reconstituted system.
First Steps in Developing a General Sociological Theory

If there was a “Big-Bang” in the evolution of the social universe, it occurred when individuals abandoned their nomadic ways in small bands of hunter-gatherers and settled down in more permanent communities, forcing humans to create new kinds of sociocultural formations, or die. Much like the “Big Bang” that initiated the physical universe as we know it, population growth increased the scale of the social universe; and as size and complexity of societies increased, the forces driving the formation of social reality became ever-more evident. These forces had always been present, but their valences were low in the simple societies in which humans had lived for well over 95% of their time on earth.
The ultrastructure of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes of chronic lymphatic leukemia.

Cultured lymphocytes of chronic lymphatic leukemia have been shown to have a delayed and diminished response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. By electron microscopic examination, a morphologically distinct intermediate blastoid cell was identified in the stimulated cultures which showed minimal differences between those derived from normal and leukemic lymphocytes. It was distinguished by a large vesicular nucleus and relatively scant cytoplasm with few organelles. This intermediate blastoid cell frequently predominated in cultures with a low total percentage of blastogenesis. It is suggested that this intermediate blastoid cell represents a premitotic phase in lymphocytic transformation, though the possibility of it’s being a nonmitotic blastoid cell cannot be excluded. No morphologic differences were noted between the large blastoid cells transformed from normal and leukemic lymphocytes.
Gender Matters: Using an Ecological Lens to Understand Female Crime and Disruptive Behavior

This chapter will examine how the response of the criminal and juvenile justice system both reflects and perpetuates gender-based perceptions of female offenders. Toward this aim, alternative ways of defining the social problem of female crime will be advanced. These include person-centered, person-mediated, and ecological social problem definitions. Qualitative interviews with 19 girls involved in the juvenile justice system will be used to further describe the similarities, distinctions, and implications of each type of problem definition. The importance of the ecological level of analysis in particular is underscored, with an emphasis on the gendered response of the justice system as a key element of incorporating an ecological lens.
The Use of Varicocelectomy Surgery in the Treatment of the Infertile Male

Varicoceles are diagnosed in about 15% of men in the general population, but these lesions are seen in 40% of male infertility patients. For decades, urologists have considered these lesions as a possible cause of male infertility, and they have performed varicocelectomies on infertile men with palpable varicoceles and at least one persistently abnormal semen parameter. With the advancements in IVF/ICSI, reproductive endocrinologists (REs) have taken a different approach and they usually recommend some form of ART instead of the surgical alternative. In recent years, the debate has intensified because of conflicting publications and subsequent commentaries on the subject of varicoceles and pregnancy. There have been limited prospective randomized trials (PRTs), and many uncontrolled studies. Nevertheless, urologists generally contend that there is sufficient experimental and clinical evidence to support the surgical correction of these lesions, whereas the REs usually minimize the role of varicoceles as a cause of infertility. The conflicting opinions reached new heights recently, when two meta-analyses on varicoceles and fertility appeared in prominent peer review journals with completely opposite results. One meta-analysis was written by two REs, whereas the other was written by a team of urologists, basic scientists and statisticians. In this chapter, the differences between these meta-analyses will be explored, current concepts related to the pathophysiology of varicoceles will be presented, different methods for the correction of varicoceles will be considered and new protocols will be analyzed that combine surgery and ART. The intent of the chapter will be to enlighten both urologists and REs with current information related to varicoceles, varicocelectomies and ART.
Some Scientific and Research Issues

The previous chapter provided a summary of the many empirical findings from our investigation of mental health care in general hospitals. Like most research projects, but especially large ones, we have perhaps raised more questions than we have answered. The current chapter is an attempt to describe some of the scientific and research issues that are provoked by this data analysis. The next chapter describes some of the related public policy issues.
Digitally switchable multi-focal element for wearable displays

An innovative concept is proposed for an optical element which offers the capability of rapidly switching the optical power of the system among multiple foci. The switchable multifocal element consists of a custom-designed freeform lens offering multiple discrete foci and a programmable high-speed liquid crystal shutter (LCS). The freeform lens is divided into patterned zones, through which multiple distinct foci are produced. The LCS consists of patterned zones corresponding to those zones of the freeform lens, which can be programmably switched on and off. By combining the multi-focal freeform lens and the LCS in a time-multiplexed fashion, a switchable multifocal element with high-speed, large aperture and large range of tunable power was achieved. The multifocal element also meets the other requirement of an ideal tunable optical element such as low-voltage control, robustness, and compactness. A proof-of-concept twofocal head mounted display was designed to demonstrate one application of the new switchable multifocal element. The design can provide a FOV of 40 degrees and angular resolution of 1 arc minutes in visual space in an 8mm by 8mm exit pupil.
Design for manufacturability for analog, radio frequency, and millimeter wave designs

A suite of DFM enablement is enhanced to address the unique needs of analog, RF, and mmWave designs in the custom design flow. The DFM rules and patterns are made stricter beyond baseline requirements, and new DFM rules and patterns are added to further reduce layout-dependent device variability. Auto-fixing in the custom design flow is enhanced to meet these new requirements. New DFM enablement is developed for device matching for differential circuits and sensitive devices. Lastly, novel DFM fill strategies are implemented to reduce the variability of passive devices operating at high frequencies. Using DFM-aware fill, a 2% quality-factor loss for a mmWave inductor operating at 30 GHz is shown to be sufficient for meeting manufacturing planarity requirements.
Optimal design of phase change material storage for steam production using annual simulation

Abstract A direct steam generation (DSG) solar collector can be an efficient process-heat application compared to electricity generation, and it can significantly reduce dependence on non-renewable energy sources for steam generation. Due to intermittency of the sun, thermal energy storage is required to increase the capacity factor or the yearly utilization of the system. For this study, phase change material (PCM) is used to store the heat from the steam produced in the solar collector. Sodium formate is selected as the PCM material on a cost basis. A detailed off-design analysis is carried to predict the annual performance of the system. Fins are used to enhance the thermal performance of the PCM, and an simplified method is derived to predict the required fin mass. With an increase in the number of fins, the thermal performance of the system increases significantly at design point. But the fins are expensive, so an annual simulation and techno-economic analysis is carried to calculate the optimal number of fins and other operating parameters. For the case study of Imperial, California (USA), the minimum value of the levelized cost of heat (LCOH) for steam generation is 4.2 cents/kWhth, and the optimal value for the equivalent PCM thermal conductivity is 1.5 W/mK with 4 h of storage and a solar multiple of 2.1. A sensitivity of LCOH with the solar installation cost shows that the collector cost should be less than 220 $/m2 for California and 103 $/m2 for the rest of the United States, for the steam generated from DSG collector and PCM storage to be competitive with the traditionally produced steam from natural gas. Where natural gas prices are higher, steam produced from a DSG collector and PCM storage can be an economical option. For example, in Kahului, Hawaii (USA), the LCOH for steam generation from a DSG collector and PCM storage is 43% cheaper compared to natural gas steam generation, even at a current solar installation price of 300 $/m2. The breakeven price of natural gas is 8.7 $/MMBTU for the current solar installation price; in other words, steam produced from DSG collector and PCM storage can be an economical option for locations having good solar radiation and a natural gas price greater than 8.7 $/MMBTU.
GeneHunt for rapid domain-specific annotation of glycoside hydrolases

The identification of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) for efficient polysaccharide deconstruction is essential for the development of biofuels. Here, we investigate the potential of sequential HMM-profile identification for the rapid and precise identification of the multi-domain architecture of GHs from various datasets. First, as a validation, we successfully reannotated >98% of the biochemically characterized enzymes listed on the CAZy database. Next, we analyzed the 43 million non-redundant sequences from the M5nr data and identified 322,068 unique GHs. Finally, we searched 129 assembled metagenomes retrieved from MG-RAST for environmental GHs and identified 160,790 additional enzymes. Although most identified sequences corresponded to single domain enzymes, many contained several domains, including known accessory domains and some domains never identified in association with GH. Several sequences displayed multiple catalytic domains and few of these potential multi-activity proteins combined potentially synergistic domains. Finally, we produced and confirmed the biochemical activities of a GH5-GH10 cellulase-xylanase and a GH11-CE4 xylanase-esterase. Globally, this “gene to enzyme pipeline” provides a rationale for mining large datasets in order to identify new catalysts combining unique properties for the efficient deconstruction of polysaccharides.
Optimizing opioid prescribing and pain treatment for surgery: Review and conceptual framework.

Purpose Millions of Americans who undergo surgical procedures receive opioid prescriptions as they return home. While some derive great benefit from these medicines, others experience adverse events, convert to chronic opioid use, or have unused medicines that serve as a reservoir for potential nonmedical use. Our aim was to investigate concepts and methods relevant to optimal opioid prescribing and pain treatment in the perioperative period. Methods We reviewed existing literature for trials on factors that influence opioid prescribing and optimization of pain treatment for surgical procedures and generated a conceptual framework to guide future quality, safety, and research efforts. Results Opioid prescribing and pain treatment after discharge from surgery broadly consist of 3 key interacting perspectives, including those of the patient, the perioperative team, and, serving in an essential role for all patients, the pharmacist. Systems-based factors, ranging from the organizational environment's ability to provide multimodal analgesia and participation in enhanced recovery after surgery programs to other healthcare system and macro-level trends, shape these interactions and influence opioid-related safety outcomes. Conclusions The severity and persistence of the opioid crisis underscore the urgent need for interventions to improve postoperative prescription opioid use in the United States. Such interventions are likely to be most effective, with the fewest unintended consequences, if based on sound evidence and built on multidisciplinary efforts that include pharmacists, nurses, surgeons, anesthesiologists, and the patient. Future studies have the potential to identify the optimal amount to prescribe, improve patient-focused safety and quality outcomes, and help curb the oversupply of opioids that contributes to the most pressing public health crisis of our time.
Assessing Nearshore Nekton Abundance, Substrate, and Environmental Conditions in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Are There Differences Among Three Adjacent Coastal Areas and Have There Been Changes over Three Decades (1986–2015)?

Fishery-independent data on fishes and crustaceans collected in spring and fall over three decades (1986–2015) from coastal areas of southeastern Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama were analyzed to determine if these areas differed in species composition and environmental conditions over this period. Multivariate community analyses revealed significant differences in species composition among the three areas in trawl collections for both spring (ANOSIM, R = 0.543, p < 0.001) and fall (R = 0.722, p < 0.001), while seine collections were not significantly different among the areas for either season (spring, R < − 0.06, p = 0.61; fall, R < 0.167, p = 0.14). The most important factor contributing to these differences was the presence of more shell substrate at the Louisiana sites (LINKTREE analysis, B% = 86, p < 0.05). Abundance data for common species were used to test for changes over the three decades. Blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) and least puffers (Sphoeroides parvus) experienced decreases in four of eight area–season–gear scenarios. Four species of flatfishes also experienced multiple declines. Salinity increased at the Louisiana trawl sites over the period in both spring (+ 2.92; ANOVA, p < 0.001) and fall (+ 5.97; ANOVA, p = 0.001–0.002), while spring trawl sites became warmer in Mississippi (+ 2.15 °C; ANOVA, p = 0.001–0.002). Alabama trawl sites became warmer in both spring (+ 3.36 °C; ANOVA, p < 0.001) and fall (+ 1.91 °C; ANOVA, p < 0.001). With declines in species and changes in environmental conditions, this region faces multiple challenges in maintaining its estuarine fisheries.
Evaluating Scientific Workflow Engines for Data and Compute Intensive Discoveries

Workflow engines used to script scientific experiments involving numerical simulation, data analysis, instruments, edge sensors, and artificial intelligence have to deal with the complexities of hardware, software, resource availability, and the collaborative nature of science. In this paper, we survey workflow engines used in data-intensive and compute-intensive discovery pipelines from scientific disciplines such as astronomy, high energy physics, earth system science, bio-medicine, and material science and present a qualitative analysis of their respective capabilities. We compare 5 popular workflow engines and their differentiated approach to job orchestration, job launching, data management and provenance, security authentication, ease-ofuse, workflow description, and scripting semantics. The comparisons presented in this paper allow practitioners to choose the appropriate engine for their scientific experiment and lead to recommendations for future work.
Bronchoesophageal Fistula Requiring Venovenous ECMO After Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy.

ABSTRACT The development of a tracheo- or broncho-esophageal fistula (TBF) is a rare but very serious complication of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) with an incidence of 0.8-3.9% and mortality as high as 57%. We present the case of a 66-year-old male who underwent successful MIE for esophageal adenocarcinoma which was complicated by TBF and significant airway contamination. The patient was re-intubated with a double lumen endotracheal tube and placed emergently on veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) due to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This allowed for minimization of peak airway pressures applied to the repaired right mainstem bronchus while maintaining ventilation to the unaffected left lung. The patient rapidly improved following initiation of ECMO and was decannulated three days later; POD 15 from his original esophagectomy. He was extubated the next day and downgraded from the ICU three days later. To our knowledge, this is the first case description of ECMO as a rescue therapy for patients with TBF in the intensive care unit (ICU). The benefits of VV ECMO may derive from the facilitation of ultra-protective mechanical ventilation. Patient with ARDS are frequently ventilated with a protective ventilation strategy: tidal volume 4-8mL/kg ideal body weight and plateau pressures
Coding and Analyzing Narratives to Foster Critical Reflection for Transformative Learning

Coding and analyzing the narratives prospective teachers construct in response to reflection assignments can be useful for multiple purposes ranging from prospective teacher support to research on topics revealed by prospective teacher narratives. To use coding and analysis in support of prospective teachers’ development of critical reflection for transformative learning, however, is different from either assessment or research purposes. This is because the coding and analysis must lead to collaborative meta-reflection by all the parties involved in a particular prospective teacher’s field experience, especially the triad of prospective teacher, mentor teacher, and university-based supervisor, focused on raising both the awareness of the prospective teacher and their ability to act upon that awareness in the classroom. This chapter, therefore, details the basics of coding narratives, the methodological and theoretical approaches to narrative analysis best suiting to the goals of critical reflection for transformative learning, and the ways in which teacher educators can examine whether or not prospective teachers’ insight has led to transformation in their teaching.
A comparison of general aviation accidents involving airline pilots and instrument-rated private pilots.

Abstract Introduction: The extremely low accident rate for U.S air carriers relative to that of general aviation (∼1 and ∼60/million flight hours respectively) partly reflects advanced airman certification, more demanding recurrency training and stringent operational regulations. However, whether such skillset/training/regulations translate into improved safety for airline pilots operating in the general aviation environment is unknown and the aim of this study. Methods: Accidents (1998–2017) involving airline pilots and instrument-rated private pilots (PPL-IFR) operating non-revenue light aircraft were identified from the NTSB accident database. An online survey informed general aviation flight exposure for both pilot cohorts. Statistics used proportion testing and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: In degraded visibility, 0 and 40% (χ2 p = 0.043) of fatal accidents involving airline and PPL-IFR airmen were due to in-flight loss-of-control, respectively. For landing accidents, airline pilots were under-represented for mishaps related to airspeed mismanagement (p = 0.036) relative to PPL-IFR but showed a dis-proportionate count (2X) of ground loss-of-directional control accidents (p = 0.009) the latter likely reflecting a preference for tail-wheel aircraft. The proportion of FAA rule violation-related mishaps by airline pilots was >2X (7 vs. 3%) that for PPL-IFR airmen. Moreover, airline pilots showed a disproportionate (χ2 p = 0.021) count of flights below legal minimum altitudes. Not performing an official preflight weather briefing or intentionally operating in instrument conditions without an IFR flight plan represented 43% of airline pilot accidents involving FAA rule infractions. Conclusions: These findings inform safety deficiencies for: (a) airline pilots, landing/ground operations in tail-wheel aircraft and lack of 14CFR 91 familiarization regulations regarding minimum operating altitudes and (b) PPL-IFR airmen in-flight loss-of-control and poor landing speed management. Practical Applications: For PPL-IFR airmen, training/recurrency should focus on unusual attitude recovery and managing approach speeds. Airline pilots should seek additional instructional time regarding landing tail-wheel aircraft and become familiar with 14CFR 91 rules covering minimum altitudes.
Shape Effects of Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Circulating Tumor DNA Screening

We design, simulate, and experimentally characterize the effects of gold nanoparticle geometry on plasmonic nanosensing performance. Gold nanorods, nanospheres, and nanobipyramids of consistent shape were synthesized using a seed-mediated growth method and characterized using electron microscopy. The plasmonic resonance features and sensitivity of these exact nanoparticles were studied using electromagnetic simulation. Good concordance was found between resonance features, wavelength location, and qualitative plasmonic sensitivity between experiment and simulation. In both simulation and experiment, we found that the synthesized nanobipyramids had the highest plasmonic sensitivity, which carried through from bulk refractive index testing through to synthetic circulating tumor DNA screening. We demonstrated sequence-specific capture of clinically relevant sequences from the KRAS gene using these novel nanoparticle geometries. This paper puts forth a methodology for iterative rational design of plasmonic nanocarriers using electromagnetic simulation and experiment.
US Primary Care Physicians' Viewpoints on HPV Vaccination for Adults 27 to 45 Years.

Introduction: In June 2019, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended shared clinical decision making (SCDM) regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for adults 27 to 45 years. Our objectives were to assess among primary care physicians 1) recent practice regarding HPV vaccination for adults 27 to 45 years, 2) knowledge of HPV and the new SCDM recommendation, and 3) attitudes toward and anticipated effect of the new SCDM recommendation. Methods: From October to December 2019, we administered an Internet and mail survey to national networks of 494 general internist (GIM) and 474 family physician (FP) members of the American College of Physicians and American Academy of Family Physicians, respectively. Results: Response rate was 64% (617/968; GIM, 57%; FP, 71%). Fifty-eight percent were aware of the new ACIP recommendation; 42% had recommended HPV vaccination to adults 27 to 45 years, but most had administered HPV vaccine to very few of these patients (73% to 0% and 22% to 1 to 3). Fifty-five percent and 63% were unaware that HPV vaccination does not prevent progression of existing HPV-related cancers or infections, respectively and 57% were not sure what to emphasize when having a SCDM conversation about HPV vaccination. A majority reported they will be more likely recommend HPV vaccination to adults in the 27-to-45-year age range as a result of the new recommendation. Conclusions: Physicians are interested in recommending HPV vaccination for adults age 27 to 45 years despite ACIP not routinely recommending it in this age range. The majority need more education about the optimal use of HPV vaccine in this age group.
Transitional care from skilled nursing facilities to home: study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial.

Skilled nursing facility (SNF) patients are medically complex with multiple, advanced chronic conditions. They are dependent on caregivers and have experienced recent acute illnesses. Among SNF patients, the rate of mortality or acute care use is over 50% within 90 days of discharge, yet these patients and their caregivers often do not receive the quality of transitional care that prepares them to manage serious illnesses at home. The study will test the efficacy of Connect-Home, a successfully piloted transitional care intervention targeting seriously ill SNF patients discharged to home and their caregivers. The study setting will be SNFs in North Carolina, USA, and, following discharge, in patients’ home. Using a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial design, six SNFs will transition at randomly assigned intervals from standard discharge planning to the Connect-Home intervention. The SNFs will contribute data for patients (N = 360) and their caregivers (N = 360), during both the standard discharge planning and Connect-Home time periods. Connect-Home is a two-step intervention: (a) SNF staff create an individualized Transition Plan of Care to manage the patient’s illness at home; and (b) a Connect-Home Activation RN visits the patient’s home to implement the written Transition Plan of Care. A key feature of the trial includes training of the SNF and Home Care Agency staff to complete the transition plan rather than using study interventionists. The primary outcomes will be patient preparedness for discharge and caregiver preparedness for caregiving role. With the proposed sample and using a two-sided test at the 5% significance level, we have 80% power to detect a 18% increase in the patient’s preparedness for discharge score. We will employ linear mixed models to compare observations between intervention and usual care periods to assess primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes include (a) patients’ quality of life, functional status, and days of acute care use and (b) caregivers’ burden and distress. Study results will determine the efficacy of an intervention using existing clinical staff to (a) improve transitional care for seriously ill SNF patients and their caregivers, (b) prevent avoidable days of acute care use in a population with persistent risks from chronic conditions, and (c) advance the science of transitional care within end-of-life and palliative care trajectories of SNF patients and their caregivers. While this study protocol was being implemented, the COVID-19 pandemic occurred and this protocol was revised to mitigate COVID-related risks of patients, their caregivers, SNF staff, and the study team. Thus, this paper includes additional material describing these modifications. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03810534 . Registered on January 18, 2019.