cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors governing the formation of pyroclastic rocks

The basic condition governing the formation of pyroclastic rocks is the relationship between the disruptive force of gas pressure in bubbles to the strength of the liquid for short term stresses and surface tension. The latter factor controls the coalescence of bubbles, because it is strongly dependent on the composition, temperature, and water content of the liquid. Data on surface tension of volcanic liquids are presented.
Orthogonal transforms and lattice field theories

In a previous paper we showed that a class of real-space renormalization-group calculations could be reinterpreted as an orthogonal transformation of coordinates followed by an approximate (variational) evaluation of the resulting Hamiltonian. Here we shall discuss the orthogonal-transform method and concentrate on analytic rather than numerical results. The transform method may ultimately be more accurate because even though similar approximations are made in coupling the lattice oscillators, at no time is the system split into noninteracting finite-sized blocks. Approximate variational solutions to a phi/sup 4/ lattice field theory in 2, 3, and 4 space-time dimensions are constructed using an anharmonic-oscillator basis. The solutions exhibit an ordered and a disordered phase. Analytic expressions are obtained for certain critical surfaces of these theories in regions of parameter space where a spin approximation would be invalid. The continuum limit of our solutions is discussed. The resultant perturbation expansion is also discussed and a method for its evaluation is described.
Use of subtle and obvious scales to detect faking on the MCMI‐II

Subtle and obvious MCMI-II items were identified using ratings of item subtlety by 103 college students. Another group of 304 students completed the MCMI-II under instructions to answer honestly or to fake their appearance. An index of differential endorsement of subtle and obvious items (S–O) was significantly correlated with the Desirability and Debasement validity scales. S–O was about as successful as the three MCMI-II validity scales in discriminating between subjects who answer honestly and who fake their appearance. Although S–O is related to the MCMI-II validity scales, it appears to add to the ability of these scales to identify subjects who attempt to fake their profile. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 53: 421–426, 1997.
A New Bend-Twist-Stretch Model Enables Coarse Graining of Elastic Network Models and of Any 3D Graph Irrespective of Atom Connectedness

A stable parameterization of biomolecular elastic network models (ENMs) is proposed to enable coarse graining of the representation and to model any 3D graph irrespective of the atom connectedness of a system. Traditional ENMs rely on a distance cutoff which is unforgiving in the presence of false negatives in the connectivity, giving rise to unbounded zero-frequency motions when atoms are connected to fewer than three neighbors. A large cutoff is therefore chosen in an ENM, resulting in many false positives in the connectivity that reduce the spatial detail that can be resolved. The required connectivity also has the undesired effect of limiting the coarse-graining, i.e. the network must be dense even in the case of low-resolution structures that exhibit few spatial features. To facilitate such a coarse graining, the newly proposed potential includes 3- and 4-atom interactions (bending and twisting, respectively), in addition to the traditional 2-atom stretching. Thus, in our new Bend-Twist-Stretch (BTS) model the complexity of the parameterization is shifted from the spatial level of detail to the potential function. The additional potential terms were parameterized using continuum elastic theory, and the distance cutoff was replaced by a parameter free competitive Hebb connection rule. We validate the approach on a carbon-alpha representation of adenylate kinase, and illustrate its use with electron microscopy maps of RNA polymerase, ribosome and CCT chaperonin, which were difficult to model with traditional ENMs. For adenylate kinase, we find excellent reproduction (>95% overlap) of the ENM modes and B-factors when BTS is applied to the carbon-alpha representation as well as to coarser descriptions. For the volumetric maps, coarse BTS yields similar motions (75-90% overlap) to those obtained from denser representations with ENM.
The pedagogical value of House, M.D.--can a fictional unethical physician be used to teach ethics?

In a study of the television viewing habits of medical and nursing students at John's Hopkins University (Baltimore, MD), Czarny and colleagues (2008) reported that “most watch television medical d...
An advanced example of direct adaptive control system design

This paper describes the result of a computer study of the adaptive control of a family of example systems by the model reference algorithm of Reference 1, suitably modified to account for unmodelled dynamics and external disturbances.
Selected highlights of the 1988 strategic management society conference

Will strategic planning be the next crusade for the pan‐European market that is scheduled to debut in 1992? The stunning turnout for the October 17–20, 1988, Strategic Management Society Conference—900 participants from 25 countries—indicates that both European firms and exporters from around the world view the new border‐smashing European Economic Community legislation as the opening shot in a land race for new markets.
Osteopontin expression in angiotensin II-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Osteopontin expression in angiotensin II-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis. Osteopontin is an arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) containing secreted phosphoprotein recently shown to stimulate a local macrophage influx when injected subcutaneously in mice. We examined the effect of angiotensin II infusion on renal injury and osteopontin expression in the rat kidney by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Preceding pathologic changes in tubular and interstitial cells, a dramatic increase in renal osteopontin protein and mRNA levels was observed primarily in epithelial cells of the distal tubules, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule. Although both cortex and medulla showed increased osteopontin levels, the effect was most pronounced in the renal cortex which normally showed very little constitutive osteopontin expression. Interestingly, regions of the kidney expressing high osteopontin levels correlated with sites of monocyte/macrophage accumulation. These observations, coupled with recent findings that osteopontin may be a pro-inflammatory protein, suggests that osteopontin over-expression may facilitate monocyte/macrophage accumulation at the sites of renal tubulointerstitial injury.
Effects of inhibitors of passive Na+ and HCO3- fluxes on electrical potential and fluid transport across rabbit corneal endothelium.

We found that amiloride and SITS, which are inhibitors of passive movements of Na+ and HCO- across cell membranes, inhibited but did not abolish the electrical potential difference and net fluid transport across the rabbit corneal endothelium.
Risk factors for molecular detection of adenovirus in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients.

Adenovirus (AdV) infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To evaluate the use of molecular AdV testing in HSCT at our institution and identify risk factors for AdV viremia and disease, we performed a retrospective cohort study of all HSCT recipients who had undergone AdV polymerase chain reaction testing over a 2-year period. Two cohorts were identified: cohort 1, comprising patients testing positive for AdV (n = 7) and cohort 2, comprising patients testing negative (n = 36). Overall patient characteristics were not statistically significantly different between the 2 cohorts. A comparison of cohort 1 and cohort 2 identified the following medication exposures as risk factors influencing AdV status: preparatory regimens using fludarabine (relative risk [RR], 8.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-64.27; P = .006), melphalan (RR, 3.47; 95% CI, 0.76-15.94: P = .08), and/or cyclophosphamide (RR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.02-1.4; P = .05), and GVHD prophylaxis with methylprednisone (RR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.01-13.9; P = .04). AdV-positive patients had higher grades of GVHD and higher rates of GVHD of the gastrointestinal tract (RR, 4; 95% CI, 1.18-13.5; P = .03) compared with AdV-negative patients. Four of the 7 AdV-positive patients had concomitant clinical manifestations of disease, including pneumonia, diarrhea, and/or disseminated disease. Clinical outcomes in symptomatic patients included resolution of disease in 2 patients and death in 2 patients. All 7 AdV-positive patients received antiviral therapy, including 1 patient with severe disseminated disease that resolved after administration of liposomal cidofovir. Our study at a large pediatric HSCT center provides important preliminary data for the development of a prospective trial destined to identify specific HCST patient subpopulations that might benefit most from molecular screening and early preemptive therapy.
Community factors influencing psychiatric hospital utilization in rural and urban Ireland

The role of community factors in psychiatric hospital utilization in rural and urban Ireland was evaluated using Hollingshead & Redlich's conceptual model. Rural and urban differences in identification of psychiatric disorders, attitude to psychiatric facilities and social isolation were assessed using a community survey (N=200). No difference was found in the recognition of schizophrenic behavior. Rural residents tended to normalize neurotic behavior and significantly fewer recognized it as deviant. The two communities did not differ in the identification of alcoholism or neuroses as mental illness. Rural individuals has a more negative attitude to psychiatric facilities, and sought help more frequently from relatives who were less accessible than their urban counterparts.
The Conotruncus I. Its Normal Inversion and Conus Absorption

The processes which are involved in the development of the normal outflow tracts of the ventricles are the following: The ostium bulbar torsion accounts for the concordant flow between the ventricles and the proximal conuses. The leftward shift of the ostium bulbi accounts for the partial overriding of the aorta over the left ventricle. The truncal rotation accounts for the twisted relationships of the great vessels and for the definitive interrelationships of the semilunar valves. The aortic conus absorption accounts for the aorticomitral fibrous continuity. These processes are not necessarily linked to each other. In the normal, mature heart the conus is represented by the subpulmonary portion of the right ventricular outflow tract.
An Open Vessel, Pulse-Microwave Technique for Wet Ashing of Metal-Contaminated Animal Tissues

Abstract Wet ashing of whole fish arid standard mammalian liver samples for metal determinations is effectively achieved through low power pulse microwave treatment using a domestic grade microwave oven. The reaction is carried out in an open Erlenmeyer flask while held within a much larger sealed container. The latter may be any inexpensive vessel that is microwave proof. The power setting is approximately 70 watts. The oven is programmed to deliver microwaves for 10 seconds every three minutes for a total of 19 minutes. Efficiency of recovery is generally within 10% of the known amounts. The pulse microwave protocol avoids the high temperatures and pressures that create the risk of explosions.
MUC1 membrane trafficking is modulated by multiple interactions.

MUC1 is a mucin-like transmembrane protein found on the apical surface of many epithelia. Because aberrant intracellular localization of MUC1 in tumor cells correlates with an aggressive tumor and a poor prognosis for the patient, experiments were designed to characterize the features that modulate MUC1 membrane trafficking. By following [35S]Met/Cys-labeled MUC1 in glycosylation-defective Chinese hamster ovary cells, we found previously that truncation of O-glycans on MUC1 inhibited its surface expression and stimulated its internalization by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. To identify signals for MUC1 internalization that are independent of its glycosylation state, the ectodomain of MUC1 was replaced with that of Tac, and chimera endocytosis was measured by the same protocol. Endocytosis of the chimera was significantly faster than for MUC1, indicating that features of the highly extended ectodomain inhibit MUC1 internalization. Analysis of truncation mutants and tyrosine mutants showed that Tyr20 and Tyr60 were both required for efficient endocytosis. Mutation of Tyr20 significantly blocked coimmunoprecipitation of the chimera with AP-2, indicating that Y20HPM is recognized as a YXXϕ motif by the μ2 subunit. The tyrosine-phosphorylated Y60TNP was previously identified as an SH2 site for Grb2 binding, and we found that mutation of Tyr60 blocked coimmunoprecipitation of the chimera with Grb2. This is the first indication that Grb2 plays a significant role in the endocytosis of MUC1.
Increased nociceptive sensitivity and nociceptin/orphanin FQ levels in a rat model of PTSD

Clinical studies indicate that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently shares co-morbidity with chronic pain. Although in animals acute stress-induced antinociception is well documented, the effect of PTSD-like stress on nociceptive sensitivity is unclear. Though a few studies measured nociceptive responses at a single time point, no studies have examined changes in nociceptive sensitivity over time following exposure to PTSD-like stress. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), an endogenous ligand for the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor, modulates various biological functions in the central nervous system that are affected by PTSD, including nociceptive sensitivity, stress and anxiety, learning and memory. The present study examined thermal and mechanical nociceptive sensitivity in male Sprague Dawley rats between 7 and 28 days after single-prolonged stress (SPS), an established animal model for PTSD. Rat paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT) to von Frey and paw withdrawal latencies (PWL) to radiant heat stimuli, respectively, dramatically decreased as early as 7 days after initiation of SPS and lasted the length of the study, 28 days. In addition, N/OFQ levels increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; on days 9, 14 and 28) and serum (day 28), while levels of circulating corticosterone (CORT) decreased 28 days after initiation of SPS. SPS exposure induced anxiety-like behavior and enhanced inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as previously reported for this model. Our results demonstrate that SPS induces the development of persistent mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia that is accompanied by increased N/OFQ content in the CSF, and eventually, in serum. These findings suggest a link between N/OFQ and the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia in a rat model of PTSD.
Nasal Tuberculosis in the 20th Century

During the last decade, tuberculosis has reemerged as a major health problem in the United States. Much of the blame for this resurgence has been attributed to human immunodeficiency virus infection, although homelessness and deterioration of the social infrastructure have also been implicated. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is uncommon, and nasal tuberculosis is rare. The latter usually manifests as nasal obstruction or discharge. Only 35 cases of nasal tuberculosis were identified in a search of the English-language medical literature from the last 95 years. They are reviewed here. In addition, we describe a new manifestation of nasal tuberculosis, exemplifying the variety of ways in which this may occur.
Genitourinary‐Tract Problems of the Aged Male*

: The author reviews the literature on benign prostatic hypertrophy and adenocarcinoma of the prostate and summarizes the current concepts on the etiology and treatment of these diseases. Special reference is made to hormonal relationships.
The Doctor in the Family

The last thing my nephew and his family needed was another physician. They needed their aunt, their sister, their sister-in-law, not a doctor in the family.
Molecular alignment from femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron angular distributions: Nonperturbative calculations on NO

We study numerically the ability of time-resolved photoelectron angular distributions to provide useful information regarding the alignment of wave packets and hence a new view on excited state dynamics. The calculations employ a recently developed theory of pump–probe photoelectron spectroscopy [J. Chem. Phys. 107, 7859 (1997)] which treats both laser pulses nonperturbatively. Taking the NO system as a prototypical example, we first describe the alignment dynamics in the course of the perpendicular Π→Σ transition. The observation of alignment perpendicular to the field polarization which converts upon turn-off of the pulse to alignment parallel to the field is explained in terms of the phase relation between the wave packet components. Considering next the ionization stage, we find only weak dependence of the photoelectron angular distribution on the field intensity in the range typically employed in gas-phase femtosecond experiments. Our results illustrate the utility of time-resolved photoelectron angu...
Impaired cerebral autoregulation after mild brain injury.

BACKGROUND Severe head injury may impair cerebral autoregulation, which can increase the risk of secondary neuronal injury. The likelihood of impairment in autoregulation is assumed to be low with mild head injury. We report here the absence of cerebral autoregulation in a patient who suffered a concussion from an automobile accident 6 days earlier. METHODS The patient participated in a clinical study approved by the institutional human subjects review committee, investigating the dose-effect relationship of anesthetics on cerebral autoregulation. The patient was scheduled to undergo repair of a knee injury suffered during a motor vehicle accident, during which she had a concussion. The screening evaluation revealed no evidence of neurologic disease. The test was to be performed three times in each patient: baseline autoregulation measurements during stable fentanyl-nitrous oxide anesthesia, second and third measurements during low dose and high dose of the anesthetic to which the patient was assigned. Autoregulation was tested by increasing the mean systemic blood pressure from 80 mm Hg-100 mm Hg using a phenylephrine infusion while simultaneously recording flow velocity from a middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS Static autoregulation testing during baseline testing demonstrated complete absence of this homeostatic mechanism and the study was canceled. Repeated testing in the recovery unit after the patient awoke showed identical results. CONCLUSIONS Trivial mild head injury may result in loss of cerebral autoregulation. A clinical study of a larger series to document the incidence is warranted.
On double diffusion in a Brinkman heat generating porous layer

Abstract This paper relies on linear stability analysis to define the parametric domain in which convective motions exist in a horizontal unstably stratified porous layer. The paper focuses on the combined effect of three distinct factors on the onset of convection: the presence of a second diffusing component (in addition to heat), the presence of internal heat generation in the porous medium and the departure from the Darcy model of flow in porous medium by using Brinkman's modification of Darcy's law.
China’s soaring vehicle population: Even greater than forecasted?

Abstract China’s vehicle population is widely forecasted to grow 6–11% per year into the foreseeable future. Barring aggressive policy intervention or a collapse of the Chinese economy, we suggest that those forecasts are conservative. We analyze the historical vehicle growth patterns of seven of the largest vehicle producing countries at comparable times in their motorization history. We estimate vehicle growth rates for this analogous group of countries to have 13–17% per year—roughly twice the rate forecasted for China by others. Applying these higher growth rates to China results in the total vehicle fleet reaching considerably higher volumes than forecasted by others, implying far higher global oil use and carbon emissions than projected by the International Energy Agency and others.
Response to Chemotherapy and Predictors of Survival in Adult Rhabdomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcomas are the most common soft tissue sarcomas of childhood, representing 4% to 8% of all malignant disease in children younger than 15 years old. 1 They can occur within mesenchymal tissue at any site, although they have a predilection for the head and neck and genitourinary tract. The embryonal subtype is the most common, representing up to 60% to 80% of tumors at the above sites. The botryoides subset of embryonal lesions develops in the walls of viscera, such as the nasopharynx, bladder, or vagina, and carries a better prognosis. 2 Alveolar tumors are more common among adolescents, often arise in the extremities, and carry a worse prognosis. 3,4 Pleomorphic tumors are characterized by “MFH-like” morphology with bizarre-appearing cells, are rare in children, and arise mainly in deep soft tissues. Rhabdomyosarcomas behave aggressively and often show evidence of early disseminated disease. 1 Recent improvements in pediatric survival rates have been largely attributed to the widespread use of combined chemotherapy regimens, particularly in patients with orbital and genitourinary tract primaries. Recent series have reported improvements in the 5-year survival rate from 5% to 15% with local therapy alone to 47% to 62% with multimodal therapy. 5–10 Rhabdomyosarcomas are rare in adults, and the literature regarding their management is limited. Truncal and extremity tumors are more common in adults, and the relative proportion of pleomorphic tumors increases with age. Despite the recent use of multimodal therapy, the prognosis in older patients appears to be worse than in children. 11–13 In this series, we reviewed our experience with a large number of adult patients with rhabdomyosarcoma treated with multimodal therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the response to systemic chemotherapy and to identify clinicopathologic and treatment-related predictors of long-term survival in this population.
The impact of fecal and urinary incontinence on quality of life 6 months after childbirth.

Objective The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of postpartum fecal incontinence (FI) and urinary incontinence (UI) on quality of life (QOL). Study Design Seven hundred fifty-nine primiparous women in the Childbirth and Pelvic Symptoms study were interviewed 6 months postpartum. FI and UI were assessed with validated questionnaires. We measured QOL with SF-12 summary scores, health utility index score (a measure of self-rated overall health), and the modified Manchester Health Questionnaire. Results Women with FI had worse self-rated health utility index scores (85.1 ± 9.8 vs 88.0 ± 11.6, P = .02) and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) mental summary scores (46.8 ± 9.2 vs 51.1 ± 8.7, P P P Conclusion Six months after delivery, women experiencing FI or UI reported negative effects on health-related QOL. FI and UI together have a greater impact than either condition alone.
Spherical Models with a Gates-Penrose-Type Phase Transition

Gates and Penrose have given criteria under which classical gases with weak long-range interactions fail to be described by the van der Waals equation with Maxwell's rule. Unfortunately, examples of equations of state for such systems have not yet been produced. This paper examines the Gates-Penrose class of interactions-i.e.,U γ (r)=q(r)+γΦ(γr), in the limitγ→0, where the Fourier transform $$\hat \Phi $$ (p) has a minimum at a nonzero value ofp-for the spherical model on a one-dimensional lattice. Free energy and magnetization isotherms are computed; it is seen that there is a phase transition, but that the zero-field spontaneous magnetization is always zero (a parahelicoidal phase). However, the pair-correlation function may exhibit either long-range order or the appearance of oscillation.
“Breaking the Age of Flower Vases”:Lu Yin's Feminist Rhetoric

Lu Yin (1899–1935), a modern Chinese writer, employed a variety of vernacular genres to explore women's living conditions at the turn of the twentieth century. With her vision of nuquanzhuyi (feminism) and her conceptualization of writing, Lu Yin modeled herself as a feminist rhetorician and employed redefinition and diary/epistolary fiction as major rhetorical strategies to challenge the sexist assumptions in the prevailing patriarchal discourses and to empower Chinese women. This study further calls for a more flexible and sensitive approach to studying women's rhetorics from different cultures.
An Account of Brightness in Complex Scenes Based on Inferred Illumination

Achromatic brightness matches between two small patches were measured in a display containing ten larger regions of different luminances. The spatial organization of the ten regions was varied while keeping constant the immediate surround (and thus local contrast) of each patch as well as the average luminance of the entire stimulus. Various spatial arrangements were designed to alter the illumination inferred by the observer without changing the ensemble of luminances actually in view. Some spatial arrangements of the ten regions were consistent with five (simulated) surfaces under two distinct levels of illumination, with one luminance edge within the display (an ‘apparent illumination edge’) dividing the stimuli into an area of lower illumination and an area of higher illumination. In other spatial arrangements the ten regions were configured so that no luminance edge in the display could be interpreted as an ecologically valid illumination edge that provides a parsimonious interpretation of the ten re...
gl q (n) and quantum monodromy

A generalized Toda lattice based on gl(n) is considered. The Poisson brackets are expressed in terms of a Lax connection, L=∂σ−Φ(σ) and a classical r-matrix, {Φ1,Φ2}=[r,Φ1+Φ2}. The essential point is that the local lattice transfer matrix is taken to be the ordinary exponential, T=eΦ; this assures the intepretation of the local and the global transfer matrices in terms of monodromy, which is not true of the T-matrix used for the sl(n) Toda lattice. To relate this exponential transfer matrix to the more manageable and traditional factorized form, it is necessary to make specific assumptions about the equal time operator product expansions. The simplest possible assumptions lead to an equivalent, factorized expression for T, in terms of operators in (an extension of) the enveloping algebra of gl(n). Restricted to sl(n), and to multiplicity-free representations, these operators satisfy the commutation relations of slq(n), which provides a very simple injection of slq(n) into the enveloping algebra of sl(n). A deformed coproduct, similar in form to the familiar coproduct on slq(n), turns gl(n) into a deformed Hopf algebra glq(n). It contains slq(n) as a subalgebra, but not as a sub-Hopf algebra.
A 20Gb/s triple-mode (PAM-2, PAM-4, and duobinary) transmitter

Increasing data rates over electrical channels with significant frequency-dependent loss is difficult due to excessive inter-symbol interference (ISI). In order to achieve sufficient link margins at high rates, I/O system designers implement equalization in the transmitters and are motivated to consider more spectrally-efficient modulation formats relative to the common PAM-2 scheme, such as PAM-4 and duobinary. This paper reviews when to consider PAM-4 and duobinary formats, as the modulation scheme which yields the highest system margins at a given data rate is a function of the channel loss profile, and presents a 20Gb/s triple-mode transmitter capable of efficiently implementing these three modulation schemes and three-tap feed-forward equalization. A statistical link modeling tool, which models ISI, crosstalk, random noise, and timing jitter, is developed to compare the three common modulation formats operating on electrical backplane channel models. In order to improve duobinary modulation efficiency, a low-power quarter-rate duobinary precoder circuit is proposed which provides significant timing margin improvement relative to full-rate precoders. Simulation results of the proposed transmitter in a 90nm CMOS technology compare operation with the different modulation schemes over three backplane channels with different loss profiles.
Diversity, social capital, and leadership practices: building inclusive learning organisations

Despite the increasing diversity of US society, educational and economic organisations have been slow in developing leadership practices that respond to diversity. The association between diversity and social capital in organisations has received relatively little attention. The Pathways program is discussed in this paper as an example that treats diversity as a social force in order to develop leadership practices that make learning organisations inclusive of diversity. The argument is offered in this paper that treating diversity as social capital results in "leading for diversity" – building learning organisations based on trust and cooperativeness.
New tunable phase shifters using perturbed dielectric image lines

This paper presents new tunable phase shifters using perturbed dielectric image lines (DILs). The propagation constant in the DIL was perturbed by a movable metal reflector plate installed in parallel with the ground plane of the DII. The phase shift was thus controlled and adjusted by varying the perturbation spacing between the DIL and movable reflector plate at a given operating frequency. A rigorous hybrid-mode analysis was used for calculating the dispersion of propagation constants in the perturbed DII, and then for designing tunable phase shifters. Ka-band tunable phase shifters have been designed, fabricated, and tested. Measurement results agree well with theoretical predictions. The device is especially useful for millimeter-wave applications where traditional phase shifters are lossy.
Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Elytroleptus (Dugés) (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae:Cerambycinae:Trachyderini)

The longhorned beetle genus Elytroleptus Duges (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Trachyderini) is revised to include fifteen species. One new species is described: E. quadricostatus sp. nov. Grzymala & Miller. Three new synonymies are proposed: E. dichromaticus Linsley, 1961 syn. n. = E. divisus (LeConte, 1884); E. luteicollis Skiles & Chemsak, 1982 syn. n. = E. ignitus (LeConte, 1884); E. peninsularis Hovore, 1988 syn. n. = E. immaculipennis Knull, 1935. A lectotype is designated for E. scabricollis Bates, 1892. The genus is generally distributed throughout the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica) with one species, E. floridanus (LeConte), extending the range to the northeastern and southeastern United States. Elytroleptus is of interest to both naturalists and taxonomists as several species are lycid (Coleoptera: Lycidae) mimics with three recorded as predaceous on their own models (E. apicalis (LeConte), E. ignitus (LeConte), E. limpianus Skiles & Chemsak). Descriptions of all species are provided with an emphasis on clarifying intraspecific polychromatic variation. A key to the adult species, distribution maps, habitus images, and illustrations of mouthparts and genitalia are presented. A phylogenetic analysis of Elytroleptus is performed using twenty-one adult morphological characters. Six most parsimonious trees (L = 59; CI = 50; RI = 75) are recovered. Results suggest that Elytroleptus is monophyletic and is supported by four unambiguous synapomorphies.
The Assessment of Water Resources Projects Involving Economic, Social and Environmental Costs and Benefits: The World Bank's View

In evaluating the costs and benefits of water resources development projects, the World Bank examines the economic, social and environmental aspects of the project. Some of these aspects are more easily quantified than others. The paper reviews some aspects that have been quantified by the Bank and describes others which have not. By way of illustrating the difficulty of quantification, the Bank's efforts to quantify the health hazards resulting from the introduction of irrigation projects is examined. In addition, the Bank's requirements with respect to social and environmental factors as they affect water resources projects are described.
Parallel checkpoint/restart without message logging

We describe a parallel checkpoint/restart mechanism. The checkpoint is performed among the participating parallel tasks using a new algorithm that we call "Stop and Discard". Tasks may be checkpointed without waiting for previously sent messages to be received. Specific message logging is not required. Message data that may be in transit is saved in the checkpoint files.
Diagnosis and management of primary ciliary dyskinesia

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with defective structure and/or function of motile cilia/flagella, causing chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections, fertility problems, and disorders of organ laterality. Diagnosing PCD requires a combined approach utilizing characteristic phenotypes and complementary methods for detection of defects of ciliary function and ultrastructure, measurement of nasal nitric oxide and genetic testing. Currently, biallelic mutations in 31 different genes have been linked to PCD allowing a genetic diagnosis in approximately ~ 60% of cases. Management includes surveillance of pulmonary function, imaging, and microbiology of upper and lower airways in addition to daily airway clearance and prompt antibiotic treatment of infections. Early referral to specialized centers that use a multidisciplinary approach is likely to improve outcomes. Currently, evidence-based knowledge on PCD care is missing let alone management guidelines. Research and clinical investigators, supported by European and North American patient support groups, have joined forces under the name of BESTCILIA, a European Commission funded consortium dedicated to improve PCD care and knowledge. Core programs of this network include the establishment of an international PCD registry, the generation of disease specific PCD quality of life questionnaires, and the first randomized controlled trial in PCD.
CPLD-oriented design projects for the first course in digital systems

This paper reports on enhanced educational outcomes that have been achieved at Trinity College by introducing complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs) and the hardware description language VHDL in the first course in digital design. Using Altera's Max+Plus II package and concurrent engineering practices, a team of eight students implemented a fully operational four-bit "tiny" CPU as a three-week final design project. Such successes demonstrate that modern CAD tools and use of CPLDs encourage creativity and system-level thinking in a first course.
Penile corporoplasty with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts

Ten male dogs underwent segmental excision of tunica albuginea of corpus cavernosum penis and replacement with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. None of the dogs exhibited acute or chronic adverse reaction to the graft. These findings suggest that PTFE may have a role in human reconstructive phalloplasty.
Chemical-system reliability: a review

Selected published literature on chemical-system reliability is reviewed. The literature is classified into several categories. These categories include: reliability prediction and analysis; reliability/maintenance/safety; risk analysis, control and assessment; fault diagnosis and propagation; failure analysis and prevention; failure data and analysis; reliability optimization; human reliability; application of reliability engineering to process plant industries; availability analysis; and life-cycle cost and economy. The literature is collected mainly from major journals and conference proceedings. An extensive list of references is presented. >
Inhibition of Hedgehog Signaling Protects Adult Mice from Diet-Induced Weight Gain

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays an important role in embryonic development of many tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract. Sonic Hh-and Indian Hh-deficient mice die before or soon after birth, precluding further study of this signaling pathway in the mature intestine. Maternal transfer of inactivating monoclonal antibodies to Hh proteins (anti-Hh moAb) during late stages of embryogenesis or to early postnatal mice produced intestinal villous abnormalities, progressive runting, and severe malabsorption of dietary fat. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of inhibiting Hh signaling on weight gain and lipid absorption in adult mice. Anti-Hh moAb was administered to adult Balb/c mice fed either a low-fat, nonpurified diet or a high-fat, semipurified diet, and to adult ob/ob mice fed the low-fat, nonpurified diet. Weight gain was significantly inhibited by anti-Hh moAb treatment in Balb/C mice fed the high-fat, but not the low-fat diet and in ob/ob mice. Further analysis of adult Balb/c mice fed the high-fat diet demonstrated that although total lipid absorption was normal, the rate of triglyceride absorption was significantly delayed in mice treated with anti-Hh moAb and they had significantly increased fecal FFA excretion. Hepatic steatosis, found in high-fat fed Balb/c mice treated with the control moAb, was abrogated by anti-Hh moAb administration. These findings point to a potential role for Hh signaling pathways in diet-induced abnormalities of lipid metabolism.
Infant externalizing behavior as a self-organizing construct.

We evaluated the extent to which the externalizing behavior construct is self-organizing in the first 2 years of life. Based on dynamic systems theory, we hypothesized that changes in physical aggression, defiance, activity level, and distress to limitations would each be predicted by earlier manifestations of one another. These hypotheses were evaluated via mothers' and fathers' reports of 274 infants' externalizing behaviors at 8, 15, and 24 months of child age. Eight-month measures of physical aggression, activity level, and/or distress to limitations explained increases in physical aggression, defiance, activity level, and distress to limitations from 8 to 15 months. Increases in defiance and activity level from 15 to 24 months were predicted by 15-month physical aggression and/or distress to limitations. These findings suggest that the externalizing behavior construct is formed by dynamic interplay among its individual elements, particularly between 8 and 15 months. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
A Microdomain Formed by the Extracellular Ends of the Transmembrane Domains Promotes Activation of the G Protein-Coupled α-Factor Receptor

The α-factor receptor (Ste2p) that promotes mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is similar to other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in that it contains seven transmembrane domains. Previous studies suggested that the extracellular ends of the transmembrane domains are important for Ste2p function, so a systematic scanning mutagenesis was carried out in which 46 residues near the ends of transmembrane domains 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 were replaced with cysteine. These mutants complement mutations constructed previously near the ends of transmembrane domains 5 and 6 to analyze all the extracellular ends. Eight new mutants created in this study were partially defective in signaling (V45C, N46C, T50C, A52C, L102C, N105C, L277C, and A281C). Treatment with 2-([biotinoyl] amino) ethyl methanethiosulfonate, a thiol-specific reagent that reacts with accessible cysteine residues but not membrane-embedded cysteines, identified a drop in the level of reactivity over a consecutive series of residues that was inferred to be the membrane boundary. An unusual prolonged zone of intermediate reactivity near the extracellular end of transmembrane domain 2 suggests that this region may adopt a special structure. Interestingly, residues implicated in ligand binding were mainly accessible, whereas residues involved in the subsequent step of promoting receptor activation were mainly inaccessible. These results define a receptor microdomain that provides an important framework for interpreting the mechanisms by which functionally important residues contribute to ligand binding and activation of Ste2p and other GPCRs.
Lead zirconate titanate thick film with enhanced electrical properties for high frequency transducer applications

Piezoelectric Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thick film with the thickness around 10 mum has been deposited on the (111) Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate using a ceramic powder/sol-gel solution modified composite method. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope revealed that the film was in the well-crystallized perovskite phase and cracked free. At 1 KHz, The dielectric constant and the loss were 1925 and 0.015, respectively. The remnant polarization was 42.0 muC/cm2 at room temperature. A high frequency single element acoustic transducer fabricated with this film showed a bandwidth at -6 dB of 50% at 156 MHz.
Use of medical comorbidities to predict complications after hip fracture surgery in the elderly.

Background: Comorbidities before and complications following hip fracture surgery can impact the return of function. We hypothesized that the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of medical comorbidities is a useful surrogate variable for the patient's general medical condition and would be a strong predictor of perioperative medical complications following hip fracture surgery. Methods: A retrospective review of the cases of 197 elderly patients who had undergone operative management of a hip fracture was performed. The ASA class, data regarding perioperative medical and surgical complications, and demographic data were obtained. Medical complications were defined as those requiring intervention by an internist or medical specialist. Differences in complication rates among the ASA classes were determined. Results: Medical complications were more common in patients in ASA class 3 (p < 0.001) and those in class 4 (p = 0.001) than in those in class 2. Patients in ASA class 3 had a 3.78 times greater chance of having a medical complication than did those in class 2 (p < 0.001). Patients in ASA class 4 had a 7.39 times greater chance of having medical complications than did those in class 2 (p = 0.001). No significant relationship was identified between the ASA class and surgical complications. Conclusions: The ASA class is strongly associated with medical problems in the perioperative period following hip fracture surgery in the elderly. Patients identified as being at higher risk (in ASA class 3 or 4) preoperatively should be closely managed medically so that perioperative medical complications can be managed and evolving medical issues can be addressed in a timely fashion. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of Non-Diet Approaches on Attitudes, Behaviors, and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Abstract Objective To determine the overall effect of non-diet, weight-neutral interventions on factors such as weight, biochemical measures, food and activity behavior, body image, and mental health. Design Systematic review of intervention literature. Setting Group classes in community and worksite settings (14 studies), and individual counseling (1) and online education (1) in college settings. Participants Eighteen research articles (representing 16 studies) evaluating non-diet interventions using quasi-experimental and randomized study designs with either a comparison or control group. Main Outcome Measures Anthropometric, physiological, psychological, and dietary intake. Analysis Systematic search of 168 articles and review of 18 articles meeting inclusionary criteria. Results Non-diet interventions resulted in statistically significant improvements in disordered eating patterns, self-esteem, and depression. None of the interventions resulted in significant weight gain or worsening of blood pressure, blood glucose, or cholesterol, and in 2 studies biochemical measures improved significantly compared with the control or diet group. Primary limitations were inconsistent definitions of non-diet approaches and the use of different assessment instruments for measuring outcomes. Conclusions and Implications Because of the long-term ineffectiveness of weight-focused interventions, the psychological improvements seen in weight-neutral, non-diet interventions warrant further investigation.
Perceptions of and risk factors for andropause.

There has been some controversy about whether males undergo andropause (male equivalent of a menopause). This study seeks to describe how older males perceive and understand this entity. It also explores the possibility of an association between the age of onset of andropause and risk factors such as ethnic origin, smoking, alcohol, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease. A nonexperimental, cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinic at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Subjects were interviewed by a single investigator and answered a questionnaire consisting of 22 items, including information on patient demographics, patient understanding of andropause, patient understanding of possible interventions with hormonal therapy, medical and drug history, and social habits such as smoking and drinking. Altogether 302 male patients were recruited: 71% of the survey population were above the age of 60 years, and 87% were white, 6% Hispanic, and 5% black. Patient knowledge of andropause was lacking, though the majority (70%) expressed an interest in getting further knowledge. The most frequent age for onset of symptoms related to andropause was 51-60 years, and patients reported symptoms such as impotence, weakness, and memory loss. The next most common age associated with onset was 61-70 years. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day was independently associated with an earlier onset of andropause symptoms bringing down the age of onset to below 50 years (p = .01, OR = 2.5, CI = 1.2-5.3). We found no association with risk factors such as ethnicity or alcohol. Andropause is experienced by many older males but knowledge of the entity is nonuniform. Smokers are at risk for an earlier onset of andropause. This is the first study to look at risk factors for andropause and the results are consistent with studies in females on smoking and menopause.