cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dude, srsly?: The Surprisingly Formal Nature of Twitter's Language

Twitter has become the de facto information sharing and communication platform. Given the factors that influence language on Twitter ‐ size limitation as well as communication and content-sharing mechanisms ‐ there is a continuing debate about the position of Twitter’s language in the spectrum of language on various established mediums. These include SMS and chat on the one hand (size limitations) and email (communication), blogs and newspapers (content sharing) on the other. To provide a way of determining this, we propose a computational framework that offers insights into the linguistic style of all these mediums. Our framework consists of two parts. The first part builds upon a set of linguistic features to quantify the language of a given medium. The second part introduces a flexible factorization framework, SOCLIN, which conducts a psycholinguistic analysis of a given medium with the help of an external cognitive and affective knowledge base. Applying this analytical framework to various corpora from several major mediums, we gather statistics in order to compare the linguistics of Twitter with these other mediums via a quantitative comparative study. We present several key insights: (1) Twitter’s language is surprisingly more conservative, and less informal than SMS and online chat; (2) Twitter users appear to be developing linguistically unique styles; (3) Twitter’s usage of temporal references is similar to SMS and chat; and (4) Twitter has less variation of affect than other more formal mediums. The language of Twitter can thus be seen as a projection of a more formal register into a size-restricted space.
Statistical Cost Function Developed for Sewer Lines

The proper size of a wastewater line is determined by the anticipated growth in its use, the cost of capital (the interest rate), and the pipeline's cost function.
The Baby Factory Difficult Research Objects, Disciplinary Standards, and the Production of Statistical Significance

Science studies scholars have shown that the management of natural complexity in lab settings is accomplished through a mixture of technological standardization and tacit knowledge by lab workers. ...
Abstract B063: Tumor targeting and diagnostic applications of glycosylated nanotubes

The goal of this research is to develop a new agent based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for the diagnosis and monitoring of advanced breast cancer. MWCNT consist of sheets of graphene carbon rolled into multiwalled tubes and possess many properties that make them extremely useful in biomedical applications, including targeted molecular imaging. Foremost is their ability to deliver large numbers of imaging agents per each targeted molecular recognition event, which can improve the sensitivity of imaging; secondly, they can deliver several different types of imaging agents (such as magnetic resonance imaging or photoacoustic agents) to perform multimodality imaging; thirdly, they can be used for therapeutic applications including chemotherapeutic drug or gene delivery, and as mediators for photothermal cancer therapy. As early and accurate diagnosis is still the most effective approach to treating cancer, improvements in the use of imaging technology to detect and monitor cancer will have a dramatic effect on human health. Breast cancer cells have alterations in the normal metabolism of the sugar, glucose, and exhibit increased glucose uptake and decreased glucose clearance. The hypothesis to be tested is that MWCNTs targeted to glucose transporters will be taken up by cancer cells with high efficiency, and that such MWCNT can be engineered to be effective cancer diagnostic agents. To this end, we have chemically engineered MWCNTs to display deoxyglucose on their surface, which rendered them water soluble, and targets them to cancer cells. It is anticipated that this agent will serve as the basis for a multimodal platform for future combined cancer therapy and diagnostic applications. We now report on our initial findings with this agent, and describe: 1) a new, glycosylated MWCNT which can be traced by radiolabelling; 2) data on clinically-relevant issues relating to blood compatibility, and preclinical data on toxicity (clot formation), biodistribution, blood, urinary, and fecal clearance of intravenously injected glycosylated MWCNT, all of which will be essential for any future translational applications; 3) a new nanomedical platform technology, developed specifically to target and diagnose invasive breast cancer, but with broad applicability to many types of cancer. Citation Format: Ravi N. Singh. Tumor targeting and diagnostic applications of glycosylated nanotubes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B063.
IN SITU PRESERVATION OF DNA IN PLANT SPECIMENS

Summary Twenty-seven treatments of plant specimens were examined to determine their effects on the quantity and quality of DNA obtained from spinach leaves. Treatments included various drying methods, cold storage, and chemical preservatives. Good yields of quality genomic DNA (30-50 kbp) were obtained from fresh, frozen, and dried leaves, but none of the chemical preservatives yielded high molecular weight DNA, even after only three to seven days of storage. The application of the hot CTAB procedure to fresh and dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus ashei, J. virginiana, Magnolia grandiflora, Phoradendron tomentosum, Pinus ponderosa, Quercus virginiana and Thuja orientalis, species that possess considerable tannins, yielded high molecular weight DNA from all the fresh leaves with some degradation. The dried leaves of Juniperus ashei, Quercus virginiana and Magnolia grandiflora yielded only small amounts of high molecular weight DNA with the hot CTAB extraction procedure.
A Synchronistic Theory of Advertising

Stephen Unwin is assistant professor of advertising in the College of Communications, University of Illinois, Urbana. SONFLICTING opinions exist regarding how and why advertising functions. This situation is attributable, at least in part, to the lack of sufficient data about this marketing activity. Perhaps more important, however, is the absence of a comprehensive theory within which advertising may be understood. These two deficiencies were highlighted last year by the Federal Trade Commission's decision to hold exploratory hearings into detailed aspects of advertising, and by the conflicting evidence that was offered. There can be few precedents for such little knowledge about the macroeffects of a system of those directly concerned with its operation. This may be partly due to the fact that scholars have searched for an explanation of advertising in the field of classical economics. Such quests, however, are frustrated by a basic contradiction. Modern large-scale advertising is a product of affluence and a characteristic of an industrially developed society.' Thus, it does not easily fit into the design of conventional economic theories which stems from 19th century agrarian poverty. A recent analysis of the conventional economic criteria by which advertising has been judged concluded "all this implies that the economic study of advertising is not deserving of great attention except for special problems."2 Because classical economists regarded advertising as wasteful and injurious to perfect competition, they devoted very little thought or analysis to the economic functions of advertising. In fact, most of the opinions expressed today concerning the economic characteristics of advertising first appeared in Marshall's classic, Industry and Trade, published in 1919.8
Constitutive activation of stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein (G S αQL)-mediated signaling increases invasiveness and tumorigenicity of PC-3M prostate cancer cells

An abnormal stimulation of cAMP signaling cascade has been implicated in various human carcinomas. Since the agents activating GSα-mediated signaling pathways have been shown to increase in vitro proliferation of prostate cancer cells, present studies examined the GSα-mediated signaling in tumorigenicity and invasiveness of PC-3M prostate cancer cells. PC-3M cells were stably transfected with plasmids containing either wild type (GSα-WT) or constitutively active (gsp mutant of GSα or GSα-QL) cDNAs. The stable transfectants were then tested for: (1) colony formation in soft agar; (2) cell migration and penetration of basement matrix in an in vitro invasion assay; and (3) the ability to form tumors and metastases in nude mice. PC-3M cells expressing GSα-QL protein displayed 15-fold increase in their ability to migrate and penetrate the basement membrane as compared to parental PC-3M cells or those expressing GSα-WT. GSα-QL transfectants also displayed a dramatically greater rate of growth in soft agar, and greater tumorigenicity and metastasis forming ability when orthotopically implanted in nude mice. All mice receiving PC-3M cells produced primary tumors within 5 weeks after implantation. However, the cells expressing GSα-QL displayed a significantly faster tumor growth as assessed by prostate weight (greater than 20-fold as compared to PC-3M cells), and produced metastases in kidneys, lymph nodes, blood vessels, bowel mesentery and intestine. Interestingly, expression of GSα-WT reduced the ability of PC-3M cells to form tumors in nude mice. These results suggest that persistent activation of GSα-mediated signaling cascade can dramatically accelerate tumorigenesis and metastasizing ability of prostate cancer cells.
Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Plumbagin in Mice

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of plumbagin in mice,and investigate pharmacokinetic model and parameters.Methods After intravenous administration with single dose to mice,high-performance liquid chromatographic with DAD method was used to determine the concentration of plumbagin in plasma and tissues of mice.Results The plasma drug concentration-time curve of plumbagin conformed to two-compartment model and the elimination half-life was 9.44 min,AUC was 17.16(mg/L)·min.The content of plumbagin was high in liver,and it was lower in the other tissues.The content of plumbagin in liver was 17.314 μg/g at 2 min.Conclusion Plumbagin is fit to two-compartment model in mice.The plumbagin is distributed and eliminated quickly after i.v.administration.
Defects of copper deficiency in rats are modified by dietary treatments that affect glycation

We examined the hypothesis that non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins (glycation) contributes to the defects of copper deficiency. We studied copper-adequate and -deficient rats while altering two factors known to affect glycation : type of dietary carbohydrate and amount of food intake. Copper deficiency caused cardiac enlargement and anemia, decreased erythrocyte osmotic fragility, enhanced heart lipid peroxidation, increased the percentage of glycated hemoglobin (Hb A 1 ) and reduced staining of lens crystallins on SDS-PAGE gels (suggestive of glycation). Increasing dietary sucrose reduced organ copper concentration, exacerbated the rise in Hb A 1 and worsened the anemia caused by copper deficiency. Food restriction ameliorated heart and erythrocyte defects, reduced the percentage of glycated hemoglobin and heart peroxidation and also improved heart and liver copper status in copper-deficient rats. These findings indicate that copper deficiency enhances glycation and that sucrose may exacerbate some defects of copper deficiency by enhancing glycation. Inhibition of defects of copper deficiency by food restriction suggests that glycation and/or peroxidation may contribute to those defects.
The transnational life and letters of the Venegas family, 1920s to 1950s

AbstractMarried in 1919, Miguel and Dolores migrated from Zapotlanejo, Jalisco to Los Angeles, California in 1927, where they raised 10 children: nine boys and one girl. Like Mexican migrant families throughout the US Southwest they experienced leaving Mexico and making a new home, endured the Great Depression, and in many cases, sent their children off to fight in World War II. Throughout this time period, they corresponded with their relatives in Mexico, providing historians with a rare collection of Mexican migrant personal correspondences. By conceptualizing correspondence as a migrant strategy and using these sources as a window into the transnational practices, I make two arguments about the Venegas family. First, I argue that through letter writing the Venegas formed a transnational family. I demonstrate that members of this family replicated their roles despite the distance between them. In the process, they created a transnational space in both Los Angeles and Guadalajara. Second, family members ...
Literary Studies in the Age of New Textual Literacies

Discusses the expansion of the term "literacy" with regard to non-print media and hypertext.
TIF-IA: An oncogenic target of pre-ribosomal RNA synthesis

Cancer cells devote the majority of their energy consumption to ribosome biogenesis, and pre-ribosomal RNA transcription accounts for 30-50% of all transcriptional activity. This aberrantly elevated biological activity is an attractive target for cancer therapeutic intervention if approaches can be developed to circumvent the development of side effects in normal cells. TIF-IA is a transcription factor that connects RNA polymerase I with the UBF/SL-1 complex to initiate the transcription of pre-ribosomal RNA. Its function is conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to mammals, and its activity is promoted by the phosphorylation of various oncogenic kinases in cancer cells. The depletion of TIF-IA induces cell death in lung cancer cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts but not in several other normal tissue types evaluated in knock-out studies. Furthermore, the nuclear accumulation of TIF-IA under UTP down-regulated conditions requires the activity of LKB1 kinase, and LKB1-inactivated cancer cells are susceptible to cell death under such stress conditions. Therefore, TIF-IA may be a unique target to suppress ribosome biogenesis without significantly impacting the survival of normal tissues.
Compressive Spectral Imaging via Polar Coded Aperture

A compressive spectral imager based on a polar coded aperture and a continuous variable circular bandpass filter is proposed for spinning munitions. As the imager rotates with the munition, compressive projections are sequentially captured with embedded spatial and spectral modulation. The polar coded aperture design is introduced, aiming at optimizing the sensing process. Both discrete and continuous rotation models of the proposed imager are derived and used to characterize the compressive imager. Computer simulations validate the computational models and the reconstruction algorithm.
Association Between Obesity and Perioperative Morbidity in Open Versus Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare differences in 30-day perioperative morbidity and mortality for women undergoing open sacrocolpopexy (OSCP) versus laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSCP) across all body mass index (BMI) groups and between patients of ideal versus elevated BMI (includes overweight, obese, and morbidly obese). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data for this retrospective review were obtained from the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database using current procedural terminology. All women older than 18 years who underwent an OSCP or LSCP from 2005 to 2013 were included. Patients were divided into 4 BMI (weight [kg]/[height (m)]) subgroups: (1) less than 25, (2) 25 to 29.9, (3) 30 to 39.9, and (4) 40 or greater. The data were analyzed using Student t or χ test and Fisher exact test. RESULTS A total of 4894 women underwent an OSCP or LSCP. Shorter operative times were observed with OSCP (P < 0.05) in all BMI groups except morbidly obese patients. Compared with patients of ideal body weight, overweight and obese patients had significantly longer operation times during LSCP (P < 0.05), a difference that was not observed during OSCP. For all BMI subgroups, the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter for LSCP (1 [1-1]) versus OSCP (2 [2-3]) (P < 0.05). Statistically significant increases in the rate of superficial surgical site infections were observed in OSCP in patients of both ideal and overweight BMIs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Obesity increases the operative time during LSCP. For patients in all BMI groups, LSCP offers the benefit of shorter hospital stays when compared with OSCP.
Validation of the MCNP6 electron-photon transport algorithm: multiple-scattering of 13- and 20-MeV electrons in thin foils

This paper presents a validation test comparing angular distributions from an electron multiple-scattering experiment with those generated using the MCNP6 Monte Carlo code system. In this experiment, a 13- and 20-MeV electron pencil beam is deflected by thin foils with atomic numbers from 4 to 79. To determine the angular distribution, the fluence is measured down range of the scattering foil at various radii orthogonal to the beam line. The characteristic angle (the angle for which the max of the distribution is reduced by 1/e ) is then determined from the angular distribution and compared with experiment. Multiple scattering foils tested herein include beryllium, carbon, aluminum, copper, and gold. For the default electron-photon transport settings, the calculated characteristic angle was statistically distinguishable from measurement and generally broader than the measured distributions. The average relative difference ranged from 5.8% to 12.2% over all of the foils, source energies, and physics settings tested. This validation illuminated a deficiency in the computation of the underlying angular distributions that is well understood. As a result, code enhancements were made to stabilize the angular distributions in the presence of very small substeps. However, the enhancement only marginally improved results indicating that additional algorithmic details should be studied.
DOT-K: A distributed online top-K elements algorithm using extreme value statistics

Extremely large (peta-scale) data collections are generally partitioned into millions of containers (disks/volumes/files) which are essentially unmovable due to their aggregate size. They are stored over a large distributed cloud of machines, with computing co-located with the data. Given this data layout, even simple tasks are difficult to perform and naive algorithms can easily become quite expensive. We present a one pass, communications-efficient technique useful for both estimating upper order quantiles and selecting the largest k elements across a highly distributed dataset or stream. Our novel approach draws its foundations from Extreme Value Statistics (EVS) to reason about the statistical relationships between the tail distributions of dataset partitions. The tail of each partition is fitted by the Generalized Pareto Distribution, which captures threshold exceedances. The obtained parameters are communicated to a central coordinator and used to estimate quantiles, or solve for a threshold above which there are approximately k elements. We discuss the computational and bandwidth costs of the algorithm, and demonstrate the accuracy of the method on both a variety of synthetic datasets and a PageRank dataset.
Evaluation of Cloud Liquid Water Path Trends Using a Multidecadal Record of Passive Microwave Observations

AbstractIn this study, observed cloud liquid water path (LWP) trends from the Multisensor Advanced Climatology of Liquid Water Path (MAC-LWP) dataset (1988–2014) are compared to trends computed from the temporally coincident records of 16 global climate models (GCMs) participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). For many regions, observed trend magnitudes are several times larger than the corresponding model mean trend magnitudes. Muted model mean trends are thought to be the result of cancellation effects arising from differing interannual variability characteristics and differences in model physics–dynamics. In most regions, the majority of modeled trends were statistically consistent with the observed trends. This was thought to be because of large estimated errors in both the observations and the models due to interannual variability. Over the southern oceans (south of 40°S latitude), general agreement between the observed trend and virtually all GCM trends is also fou...
CERTAIN FROBENIUS GROUPS ACTING FIXED-POINT-FREE ON SOLVABLE GROUPS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the proof of a theorem that establishes the truth of a conjecture with certain restrictions on primes, in the case that A is a Frobenius group with cyclic kernel and a complement of prime order. The method of proof is based on that used by Shult. The theorem is proved by first looking at a counterexample to it such that |A| and |A| + |G| are minimal. In this case, it is shown that F(G) is an elementary Abelian r-group for some prime r and that F(G) = F(GA), where GA is the semi direct product of G by A . Then, the semi direct product (G/F(G))A acts faithfully on F(G); so it is sufficient to prove the theorem applied with G/F(G) in place of H.
Dietary energy drives the dynamic response of bovine rumen viral communities

Rumen microbes play a greater role in host energy acquisition than that of gut-associated microbes in monogastric animals. Although genome-enabled advancements are providing access to the vast diversity of uncultivated microbes, our understanding of variables shaping rumen microbial communities is in its infancy. Viruses have been shown to impact microbial populations through a myriad of processes, including cell lysis and reprogramming of host metabolism. However, little is known about the processes shaping the distribution of rumen viruses or how viruses may modulate microbial-driven processes in the rumen. To this end, we investigated how rumen bacterial and viral community structure and function responded in five steers fed four randomized dietary treatments in a crossover design. Total digestible nutrients (TDN), a measure of dietary energy, best explained the variation in bacterial and viral communities. Additional ecological drivers of viral communities included dietary zinc content and microbial functional diversity. Using partial least squares regression, we demonstrate significant associations between the abundances of 267 viral populations and variables driving the variation in rumen viral communities. While rumen viruses were dynamic, 14 near ubiquitous viral populations were identified, suggesting the presence of a core rumen virome largely comprised of novel viruses. Moreover, analysis of virally encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) indicates rumen viruses have glycosidic hydrolases to potentially augment the breakdown of complex carbohydrates to increase energy production. Other AMGs identified have a role in redirecting carbon to the pentose phosphate pathway and one carbon pools by folate to boost viral replication. We demonstrate that rumen bacteria and viruses have differing responses and ecological drivers to dietary perturbation. Our results show that rumen viruses have implications for understanding the structuring of the previously identified core rumen microbiota and impacting microbial metabolism through a vast array of AMGs. AMGs in the rumen appear to have consequences for microbial metabolism that are largely in congruence with the current paradigm established in marine systems. This study provides a foundation for future hypotheses regarding the dynamics of viral-mediated processes in the rumen.
Uniform confidence bands: Characterization and optimality

Abstract This paper studies optimal uniform confidence bands for functions g ( x , β 0 ) , where β 0 is an unknown parameter vector. We provide a simple characterization of a general class of taut 1 − α uniform confidence bands, allowing for both nonlinear functions and nonparametrically estimated functions. Specifically, we show that all taut bands can be obtained from projections on confidence sets for β 0 and we characterize the class of sets which yield taut bands. Using these results, we then present a computational method for selecting an approximately optimal confidence band for a given objective function. We illustrate the applicability of these results in numerical applications.
Mitotic Exit Dysfunction through the Deregulation of APC/C Characterizes Cisplatin-Resistant State in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Purpose: Acquired resistance to cisplatin is a major barrier to success in treatment of various cancers, and understanding mitotic mechanisms unique to cisplatin-resistant cancer cells can provide the basis for developing novel mitotic targeted therapies aimed at eradicating these cells.Experimental Design: Using cisplatin-resistant models derived from primary patient epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells, we have explored the status of mitotic exit mechanisms in cisplatin-resistant cells.Results: We have uncovered an unexpected role of long-term cisplatin treatment in inducing mitotic exit vulnerability characterized by increased spindle checkpoint activity and functional dependency on Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) for mitotic exit in the presence of anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) dysfunction in a cisplatin-resistant state. Accordingly, PLK1 inhibition decreased the survival of cisplatin-resistant cells in vitro and in vivo and exacerbated spindle checkpoint response in these cells. APC/CCDC20 inhibition increased sensitivity to pharmacologic PLK1 inhibition, further confirming the existence of APC/C dysfunction in cisplatin-resistant cells. In addition, we uncovered that resistance to volasertib, PLK1 inhibitor, is due to maintenance of cells with low PLK1 expression. Accordingly, stable PLK1 downregulation in cisplatin-resistant cells induced tolerance to volasertib.Conclusions: We provide the first evidence of APC/C dysfunction in cisplatin-resistant state, suggesting that understanding APC/C functions in cisplatin-resistant state could provide a basis for developing novel mitotic exit-based therapies to eradicate cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. Our results also show that PLK1 downregulation could underlie emergence of resistance to PLK1-targeted therapies in cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4588-601. ©2018 AACR.
Instructional Technology Software Reuse: A Case Study

Software reuse is a major issue in information systems research; it has become a particularly important area of focus recently with regard to instructional software. We report here on an experiment in which a set of three Web-based interactive labs developed by researchers at one university for a course at that university, were modified and reused in a similar course at another university. The paper focuses on implementation details of the project, assessment results, and observations regarding guidelines for successful reuse of non-commercial instructional technology.
On the Lowest Energy Nucleation Path in a Supersaturated Lattice Gas

A lattice gas with non-conserved spin flip dynamics (of both non-Glauber and Glauber types) is considered at T≪T c , the critical temperature. For arbitrary supersaturation, S, a general expression for the inverse of the nucleation rate along the lowest energy path is derived. The exponential part is identical to the one by Neves and Schonmann [Commun. Math. Phys. 137:20 (1991)]. The preexponential can be expressed in terms of elliptic theta-functions for small S, and in the limits, respectively, of S≫T/φ or S≪T/φ (−φ being the nearest-neighbor interaction energy), elementary versions of the general expression are further obtained. The preexponential has a smooth component, as well as small-scale modulations which are approximately periodic in the inverse supersaturation. For S≪T/φ, the smooth part is proportional to $$\sqrt S $$ , in contrast to the zero-T limit where it is linear in S. The latter limit becomes apparent only at extremely low temperatures which are cubic in S.
Generation and assembly of human brain region–specific three-dimensional cultures

The ability to generate region-specific three-dimensional (3D) models to study human brain development offers great promise for understanding the nervous system in both healthy individuals and patients. In this protocol, we describe how to generate and assemble subdomain-specific forebrain spheroids, also known as brain region–specific organoids, from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). We describe how to pattern the neural spheroids toward either a dorsal forebrain or a ventral forebrain fate, establishing human cortical spheroids (hCSs) and human subpallial spheroids (hSSs), respectively. We also describe how to combine the neural spheroids in vitro to assemble forebrain assembloids that recapitulate the interactions of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons seen in vivo. Astrocytes are also present in the human forebrain–specific spheroids, and these undergo maturation when the forebrain spheroids are cultured long term. The initial generation of neural spheroids from hPSCs occurs in 24 months in culture. Neural differentiation and self-organization of hPSCs are induced by culture in suspension. Neural spheroids are then differentiated into dorsal or ventral forebrain spheroids that can be combined to obtain functionally integrated human assembloids.
Evaluation of the quantum time-correlation functions employing the Hamilton–Jacobi dynamics framework

The quantum Hamilton–Jacobi equation (QHJE) is formally equivalent to the time-dependent Schrodinger equation, and the solutions to the QHJE can be easily interpreted in terms of trajectories providing a link between classical and quantum mechanics. The trajectory-based approaches to quantum molecular dynamics are, generally, appealing because they circumvent exponential scaling associated with exact quantum methods with the system size, and because, unlike classical molecular dynamics, such methods incorporate dominant quantum effects due to delocalization of wavefunctions describing the nuclei. We explore the utility of the QHJE framework for calculations of the time-correlation functions (TCFs) involving quantum evolution defined by the Boltzmann density operator and by the Hamiltonian time-evolution operator. The implementation is based on solutions to the imaginary-time counterpart to the QHJE, which yield approximations to the ground state wavefunction. The resulting nodeless wavefunction is used to generate a basis in coordinate space, which is efficient for evaluation of the low-lying excited states and of the quantum TCFs, including the Kubo-transformed TCFs, at low temperature. The QHJE/basis approach is illustrated on several model systems in and out of thermal equilibrium, i.e., the $${\rm H}_2$$ dimer and bound anharmonic potentials. If a system exhibits large amplitude motion, e.g., in case of the nonequilibrium dynamics, then the real-time trajectory propagation provides an alternative to the basis representation, as demonstrated on a model describing the inversion mode of the ammonia molecule and ion.
SYNTHESIS OF NEW PROTON-IONIZABLE AND NEUTRAL MACROCYCLIC, MACROBICYCLIC AND MACROTRICYCLIC CROWN COMPOUNDS CONTAINING DIBENZO-16-CROWN-5 UNITS

Fifteen new macrocyclic, macrobicyclic and macrotricyclic crown ether compounds with sym-dibenzo-16-crown-5 units have been prepared. The series includes macrocyclic polyether and bis(crown ether) compounds with proton-ionizable carboxylic or phosphonic acid monoethyl ester groups and bis(crown ether) and macrotricyclic polyether compounds with two sym-dibenzo-16-crown-5 units linked by amide, diamide, or diester functions.
Invisible Influence: Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Adaptive Choice Architectures

For several years, scholars have (for good reason) been largely preoccupied with worries about the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) tools to make decisions about us. Only recently has significant attention turned to a potentially more alarming problem: the use of AI/ML to influence our decision-making. The contexts in which we make decisions--what behavioral economists call our choice architectures--are increasingly technologically-laden. Which is to say: algorithms increasingly determine, in a wide variety of contexts, both the sets of options we choose from and the way those options are framed. Moreover, artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) makes it possible for those options and their framings--the choice architectures--to be tailored to the individual chooser. They are constructed based on information collected about our individual preferences, interests, aspirations, and vulnerabilities, with the goal of influencing our decisions. At the same time, because we are habituated to these technologies we pay them little notice. They are, as philosophers of technology put it, transparent to us--effectively invisible. I argue that this invisible layer of technological mediation, which structures and influences our decision-making, renders us deeply susceptible to manipulation. Absent a guarantee that these technologies are not being used to manipulate and exploit, individuals will have little reason to trust them.
The Gaussian G4 structure, enthalpy, and free energy of formation of trans-dimethyl-, diethyl-, dipropyl-, and dibutylcyclopentanes

We have computed the Gaussian G4 structures, enthalpies of formation, and Gibbs free energies of formation of four trans-1,2-dialkylcyclopentanes. Aside from their intrinsic interest as products of petroleum refining, we wish to use these simple trans-1,2-dialkylcyclopentanes as a database in the study of larger, more complicated molecules like prostanoic acid and its derivatives, the prostaglandins.
Hyperbaric therapy provides no benefit for skeletal muscle and respiratory function and accelerates cardiac injury in mdx mice

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a uniformly fatal condition of striated muscle wasting resulting in premature death from respiratory and/or cardiac failure. Symptomatic therapy has prolonged survival by limiting deaths resulting from respiratory insufficiency, but there is currently no effective therapy for most patients with DMD. This grim prognosis has led patients and their families to seek unproven therapeutic approaches. One such approach is the use of hyperbaric therapies, which 14% of DMD patients self-report using. The primary goal of this study was to determine if intermittent hyperbaric exposure altered the muscle function of the mdx mouse, a genetic model of DMD. To do this, mdx mice were exposed to three daily 90-minute 1.3 atmosphere hyperbaric exposures for 4 weeks. Skeletal muscle, respiratory, and cardiac function were assessed in treated and untreated wild type and dystrophic mice. The results of these studies find that hyperbaric and hyperoxic approaches resulted in increased cardiac fibrosis in dystrophic mice and no beneficial effects on the functional parameters measured. These data suggest that these oxygen-based therapies are unlikely to provide therapeutic benefit to DMD patients.
Implementation Science and Human Service Organizations Research: Opportunities and Challenges for Building on Complementary Strengths

ABSTRACTImplementation science (IS) and human service organizations (HSO) research both explore service quality and organizational impact in service of producing actionable evidence for leaders and...
Cooperative Binding Of Anti-Factor VIII Inhibitors and Induced Conformational Change Detected By Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry

The development of anti-factor VIII (fVIII) antibodies (inhibitors) is a significant complication in the management of patients with hemophilia A leading to significant increases in morbidity and treatment cost. Using a panel of anti-fVIII monoclonal antibodies to different epitopes on fVIII, we recently have shown that epitope specificity, inhibitor kinetics, and time to maximum inhibition are more important than inhibitor titer in predicting response to fVIII and the combination of fVIII and recombinant factor VIIa. Thus the ability to quickly map the epitope spectrum of patient plasma using a clinically feasible assay may fundamentally change how clinicians approach the treatment of high-titer inhibitor patients. To this end, we have characterized the binding epitopes of 4 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeted against fVIII C2 domain by hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). MAbs included both classical (inhibiting binding of fVIII to von Willebrand factor and phospholipid) and non-classical inhibitors (inhibiting activation of fVIII), which target separate regions of fVIII C2 domain and have distinct inhibitory mechanisms. HDX-MS analysis showed clear differences in binding patterns between classical and non-classical inhibitors, centering on the protruding hydrophobic loop at Met2199. The binding epitopes of classical and non-classical inhibitors mapped by HDX-MS agree well with previously reported ones characterized by structural studies and mutagenesis analysis. Classical and non-classical inhibitors could be distinguished by a limited subset of C2-derived peptides, simplifying analysis significantly. In addition, HDX-MS was able to detect subtle differences in binding patterns of various classical inhibitors, based on the HDX protection pattern around the hydrophobic loop at Leu2251. Interestingly, two MAbs, G99 and 3E6, exhibited an observable shift in HDX protection when bound to C2 as a ternary complex, as opposed to when bound individually, thus providing evidence for cooperative binding of these two MAbs ([Figure 1][1]). In summary, our results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the HDX-MS method in the rapid epitope mapping of fVIII inhibitors. This method can be expanded to map epitopes of inhibitors against other domains of fVIII, potentially leading to a more personalized treatment of hemophilia A patients. ![Figure 1][2] Figure 1 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #F1 [2]: pending:yes
Successful Long-term Anticoagulation with Enoxaparin in a Patient with a Mechanical Heart Valve.

Thromboembolism related to a mechanical heart valve (MHV) is a major complication after surgical valve replacement. Warfarin remains as guideline-endorsed thromboprophylaxis in patients with MHVs. Alternative anticoagulation therapy for patients who do not tolerate or who fail warfarin is not adequately covered in the current guidelines. We report a case of successful long-term anticoagulation with enoxaparin in a patient with a mechanical aortic valve who had a contraindication to warfarin. The patient developed a left thigh hematoma requiring surgical evacuation 1 month after initiation of weight-based dosing of enoxaparin. His dose was then titrated based on peak anti-factor Xa levels (goal 0.6-1.0 IU/ml). He remained free of signs and symptoms of thromboembolic events, valve dysfunction, bleeding complications, or major adverse effects from long-term enoxaparin use for the next 13 years. Our case provides promising evidence of the potential role of enoxaparin in patients with MHVs in whom warfarin thromboprophylaxis is not possible. Meticulous monitoring of anti-factor Xa levels and dosage adjustments are crucial to treatment success.
Emergency department evaluation of patients with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor associated angioedema.

Abstract Introduction Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) associated angioedema is frequently encountered in the emergency department. Airway management is the primary treatment, but published evidence supporting the decision to intubate patients with this condition is extremely limited. Method We performed a retrospective study of all cases of ACEi associated angioedema encountered in a large, urban, tertiary referral emergency department. We classified demographics, duration of symptoms before presentation, physical exam findings and nasopharyngoscopy findings in patients that did and did not require intubation. Results We identified a total of 190 separate encounters from 183 unique patients who presented during the 3-year period of the study. Eighteen (9.5%) of these patients required intubation. Patients requiring intubation were more likely to present within 6 h of the onset of angioedema symptoms. Anterior tongue swelling, vocal changes, drooling, and dyspnea were significantly more common in patients requiring intubation. Isolated lip swelling was present in 54% of all patients and was the only finding significantly more common in the group that did not require intubation. Conclusions Rapid progression of symptoms within the first 6 h of angioedema onset, anterior tongue swelling, vocal changes, drooling and dyspnea are associated with intubation for ACEi associated angioedema. Isolated lip swelling is significantly more common in patients that do not require intubation. Our data provide risk stratification guidance for providers treating patients with suspected ACEi associated angioedema in the emergency department.
Multiple maternity and multiple paternity in first generation brood from single foundress colonies of the sweat bee Dialictus zephyrus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

Genotypes for 31 apparent, single foundresses and their first generation brood in the primitively eusocial sweat beeDialictus zephyrus were inferred from starch-gel electrophoresis of 8 enzyme coding loci. Thirteen percent of the colonies contained the progeny of more than one female, and an additional twenty-three percent contained the progeny of either more than one female or a single, twice-mated female. Thus a total of thirty-six percent of colonies apparently founded by a single female contained first generation brood which were not the progeny of one, singly-mated female.
Analysis of female song provides insight into the evolution of dimorphism in a widely studied songbird

Understanding the patterns and processes related to sexual dimorphism in diverse animal taxa is a foundational research topic in ecology and evolution. Within the realm of animal communication, studies have traditionally focused on male signals, assuming that female choice and male-male competition have promoted dimorphism via elaboration of male traits, but selection on females also has the potential to create sex differences. Here, we describe female song in barn swallows for the first time, report rates of female song production, and couple song data with plumage data to explore the relative degree to which dimorphism in signaling traits is consistent with contemporary selection on males versus females. During previous intensive study of male song over two years, we recorded songs for 15 females, with matched phenotypic and fitness data. We randomly selected 15 samples from our larger male dataset to test whether sexual dimorphism in song and plumage is more strongly associated with fledgling success for females or genetic paternity for males. Analyses included 35 potential sexual signals including 22 song parameters and 13 plumage traits. Outcomes indicate that: female songs are used in multiple contexts, restricted primarily to the beginning of the breeding season; song traits were more dimorphic than visual plumage traits; and trait correlations with reproductive success in females, rather than males, predicted sex-based differences in song and plumage. These results are consistent with phylogenetic studies showing that sex-based phenotypic differences are driven by changes in females, highlighting the potential role of female trait evolution in explaining patterns of sexual dimorphism. To achieve a better understanding of dimorphism, we require comprehensive studies that measure the same traits in males and females and their fitness consequences.
Producing the Bestiary

In this paper, I investigate the relationship between the text and the images in medieval Latin bestiary manuscripts. Medieval bestiaries, which are derived from the ancient Physiologus, comprise a nearly 1800-year-old tradition and have spawned several hundreds of copies throughout Europe, including a smaller subset of Latin bestiaries. Summarizing the first ever comprehensive analysis of the entire corpus of Latin bestiaries, this paper examines the patterns of deviations, or exceptions from the rigorous canon governing bestiary illustrations. I use the deviations to investigate the relationship between the work of the scribe and that of the artist in the production of bestiary manuscripts in order to determine to what extent medieval artists used already existing illustrations, and, conversely, when and to what extent they were willing or able to deviate from the canon. In the latter case, I try to explore the artist’s possible motivations, as well as the reasons for choosing specific motifs. Bibliography BRODEUR, Arthur G. – “The Grateful Lion”. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 39 (1924), pp. 485-524. BROWN, Arthur C. – “The Knight of the Lion”. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 20 (1905), pp. 673-706. CLARK, Willene B. – A Medieval Book of Beasts: The Second-Family Bestiary. Commentary, Art, Text and Translation, Woodbridge: Boydell, 2006. CURLEY, Michael – Physiologus: A Medieval Book of Nature Lore. Chicago and London: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1979. DINES, llya – “The Hare and its Alter Ego in the Middle Ages”. Reinardus: Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 17 (2004), pp. 73–84. DINES, Ilya – “The Problem of the Transitional Family of Bestiaries”. Reinardus: Yearbook of the International Reynard Society (2013), pp. 29-52.
Do EMS times associate with injury severity

In this study, emergency medical services times, along with other crash-related explanatory variables, have been used to investigate influential factors on injury severity. To overcome the complexity of emergency medical services times impact on crash outcome, the interaction effects of EMS times and injury location on the body were also investigated in a separate model. This study utilized the linked data of police-reported crash data and emergency medical services runs, including 2192 crash injuries that transferred to hospital. A random-effects ordered probit approach was implemented to identify effective factors on crash injury severity. Three models of (1) crash-related variables, (2) crash-related and emergency medical services times and (3) crash-related, emergency medical services times and interaction effects of EMS times and injury location on the body were developed. Although the outcome could not find the impact of faster emergency medical services times on injury severity in the second model, in the third model, faster response time and slower on-scene time were associated with decreasing the severity of entire-body injuries. We discuss why this may be the case.
Compensation effects on hole transport in C-doped p-type GaPN dilute nitrides

Experimental studies of transport in GaPN dilute nitrides have evidenced low hole mobilities, which limit their applications in optoelectronics. Theoretical work to date has not explained the origin of such low hole mobilities. Here, we use full band cellular Monte Carlo methods to investigate hole transport in C-doped GaPN dilute nitrides as a function of hole concentration. Good agreement between simulation and experiment is obtained by introducing a doping-dependent self-compensation. The results suggest that the reduction in the hole mobility is caused by the compensation for the p-type C doping, which is likely due to the formation of C–N complexes that act as donor scattering centers. This agrees well with the low C activation ratio reported by Liu et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 032106 (2010)] and other studies on C–N complexes in GaP.