cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The DuBoisian Talented Tenth: Reviewing and Assessing Mulatto Colorism in the Post-DuBoisian Era

The overt racism existent during the DuBoisian era superseded the urgency of colorism, which rendered colorism an unspeakable taboo in the Black community. The crux of colorism is an intra-racial byproduct of inter-racial racism. It characterized the implications of skin color for the social interactions between Duboisian era Black Americans. While it was well-known among Blacks, Whites were unaware of its existence. Exemplified by DuBois’ notion of the Talented Tenth of Black Americans who would rescue the race colorism was a pseudo version of White racism. It facilitated rigid class divisions among and between Black Americans. The subsequent idealization of light skin and the denigration of dark skin as pertains to colorism was rationalized by reference to the mulatto hypothesis. Said hypothesis suggested that light-skinned Black Americans were morally, physiologically and intellectually superior to the dark-skinned masses. Eugenicists devised the mulatto hypothesis as an explanation for the existence of exceptional Blacks. Evidence of the mulatto hypothesis persists in the post-DuBoisian era.
Supraglottic Airway Use for Transfemoral-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Objective Examine outcome differences in patients managed either with a supraglottic airway or an endotracheal tube for general anesthesia during transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The authors hypothesized that patients managed with a supraglottic airway would have shorter post-anesthesia care unit and hospital stays and receive fewer opioids, norepinephrine equivalents, and neuromuscular blocking agents, without an increase in 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events. Design Retrospective chart review with 1:2 supraglottic airway-to-endotracheal tube patient propensity score matching. Setting Single, urban, tertiary care, academic medical center. Participants Patients undergoing transfemoral- transcatheter aortic valve replacement between 2017 and 2019. Interventions Supraglottic or endotracheal tube airway management during general anesthesia. Measurements and Main Results Thirty-one supraglottic airway patients were propensity score matched with 62 endotracheal tube patients. There was no significant difference for postanesthesia care unit (p = 0.58) or hospital (p = 0.16) lengths of stay. Supraglottic airway patients received significantly fewer neuromuscular blockers (p Conclusions Supraglottic airway management in transcatheter aortic valve replacement was feasible without an increase in major adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared with endotracheal tube management during general anesthesia. Supraglottic airway patients trended toward receiving fewer opioids and received significantly fewer neuromuscular blockers while also having significantly shorter time under general anesthesia and total time in the operating room.
Is India ready for alt-meat? Preferences and willingness to pay for meat alternatives

Little is known about the consumer preferences of next-generation plant-based and cell-based meat alternatives, two food technologies that offer a demand-side solution to the environmental, nutritional, and other societal concerns associated with animal-intensive agriculture. To address this gap, this paper estimates consumers’ willingness to pay for four sources of protein (conventional meat, plant-based meat, cell-based meat, and chickpeas) in a developing country with rising demand for meat—India. A latent class model of a discrete choice experiment conducted in Mumbai identifies four heterogeneous segments in the Indian market. Aggregating across all four segments, respondents are willing to pay a premium for plant-based meat and a smaller premium for cell-based meat over the price of conventional meat. However, our main findings show that these premiums strongly differ across the four consumer-class segments. The results offer important insights into future price points and policy options that might make these meat alternatives commercially successful, and therefore, a viable option in addressing societal concerns.
Surgical Versus Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is indicated in patients with symptomatic severe calcific aortic stenosis according to ACC/AHA guidelines. Surgical AVR with either mechanical or biological prosthesis has been the gold standard treatment over the last several decades. Mechanical valves have lifelong durability but require anticoagulation. Patient with biological prostheses do not require anticoagulation, but these valves degenerate over time requiring reintervention. Trends in use of bioprosthesis have increased in recent years with promise of transcatheter valve-in-valve replacement in future if needed. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) technique has been emerging in more recent years with promising results. Performed as the last resort option on inoperable or high-risk patients in earlier years, TAVR is now approved for intermediate-risk and low-risk patients following favorable results of clinical trials. Long-term durability of TAVR valves is yet to be determined. TAVR technology is evolving with an effort to decrease major complications including cardiac conduction abnormalities and paravalvular leak.
Spectrum Monitoring and Source Separation in POWDER

Current software-defined radio systems enable transmission at nearly arbitrary frequencies, presenting the possibility of harmful interference to existing communication services when broadcasting over-the-air. The Platform for Open Wireless Data-driven Experimental Research (POWDER) provides software radios whose output can be amplified and transmitted over-the-air. POWDER must include a spectrum monitoring system that can identify users who are transmitting outside allowed frequency bands to ensure wireless spectrum license holders do not experience harmful interference. Power amplifiers in the transmit signal path can create emissions at center frequency harmonics and other spurious emissions. A spectrum monitoring system, coupled with signal paths after all amplifiers in the transmit chain, can detect these emissions. However, incident radio frequency energy combines with the output signal, which is no longer buffered by the amplifier. Incident and transmitted signals must be separated and isolated. The monitor can then analyze the isolated transmitted signal for out-of-band energy. This paper presents a system that can achieve isolation and identify users that broadcast out-of-band.
Rapid laser nanomanufacturing and direct patterning of 2D materials on flexible substrates—2DFlex

Direct synthesis, large-scale integration, and patterning of two-dimensional (2D) quantum materials (e.g. MoS2, WSe2) on flexible and transparent substrates are of high interest for flexible and conformal device applications. However, the growth temperatures (e.g. 850 °C) of the emerging 2D materials in the common gas-phase synthesis methods are well beyond the tolerances limit of flexible substrates, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In addition, random nucleation and growth process in most growth systems limits the predicted integration and patterning freedoms. Here, we report a rapid direct laser crystallization and mask-free large-scale patterning of MoS2 and WSe2 crystals on PDMS substrates. A thin layer of stoichiometric amorphous 2D film is first laser-deposited via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) system onto the flexible substrates followed by a controlled crystallization and direct writing process using a tunable nanosecond laser (1064 nm). The influences of pulse duration, number of pulses, and the thickness of the deposited amorphous 2D layer on the crystallization of 2D materials are discussed. Optical spectroscopy and electrical characterizations are performed to confirm the quality of crystallized 2D materials on flexible substrates. This novel method opens up a new opportunity for the crystallization of complex patterns directly from computer-aided design models for the future 2D materials-based wearable, transparent, and flexible devices.
Abstract SY07-02: Gaining biologic insights into glioblastoma using proteomics

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary malignant tumor in adults and contributes disproportionately to cancer morbidity and mortality. Understanding its molecular pathogenesis is crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment. Integrated analysis of genomic, proteomic, post-translational modification and metabolomics data on 99-treatment naive GBMs provided insights to GBM biology. Multiple key findings emerged that were not known from traditional genomic analyses: (1) Analysis of protein phosphorylation identified key signaling intermediates in the RTK/RAS path-way common to multiple RTK genomic alterations (PTPN11 and PLCG1), potentially offering common therapeutic targets for different oncogenic drivers in GBM. (2) Phosphoproteomics also identified potential druggable targets based on kinase-substrate pathway analysis, as well as novel phosphoprotein targets associated with the regulation of telomere length by ATRX in IDH mutants. (3) TP53 protein abundance in GBM is regulated by protein/phosphoprotein effectors (4) Four immune GBM subtypes exist, characterized by distinct immune cell population differences – Immune High and Immune Low phenotypes in GBM were driven by tumor-associated macrophage markers, and associated with distinct epigenetic modifications and histone acetylation patterns. (5) The mesenchymal subtype displays EMT signatures specific in tumor cells, distinct from infiltrating immune cells. (6) Histone H2B acetylation and immune-low GBM was driven largely by BRDs, CREBBP, and EP300. (7) Identification of key metabolic changes in IDH mutants facilitating the accumulation of onco-metabolite 2-HG were also associated with lipidomic changes. This work identifies additional therapeutic channels for GBM and novel information useful for more accurate stratification patients for effective treatment. Citation Format: Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan. Gaining biologic insights into glioblastoma using proteomics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr SY07-02.
Effect of micromagnetorotation on the heat transfer of micropolar Hartmann flow

Abstract The present work concerns the influence of micromagnetorotation (MMR) on the heat transfer of a Hartmann micropolar flow. Micromagnetorotation refers to the effect of magnetization on micropolar fluids subjected to an external magnetic field. Until now, magnetization was considered to be parallel to the applied magnetic field and therefore its effect on the flow was neglected. This consideration is incorrect for micropolar fluids, since their anisotropy affects the magnetization. Here, the velocity, microrotation, and temperature fields, as well as the Nusselt number, are analytically studied using a new MHD theory for micropolar fluids, which includes a constitutive equation for the magnetization. It was shown that the MMR is a strong braking mechanism affecting both velocity and microrotation. Moreover, MMR is found to reduce heat transfer by suppressing convection. This situation leads to a reduction in temperature of up to 9 % and to a decrease in Nusselt number of up to 6.8 % . It seems that micromagnetorotation acts similarly to the Lorentz force; both behave like braking mechanisms on the micropolar fluids, while reducing the convective heat transfer. Hence, the important effect of MMR should be considered for optimizing the flow and heat transfer in industrial and bioengineering applications involving micropolar fluids and magnetic fields.
Civil Society in Russia

The state plays an important role in structuring and channeling civic activism in Russia. Rather than eliminating advocacy, it privileges the advocacy forms that it prefers. The larger challenge facing Russian NGOs is an apathetic public.
The design of reward structures in career games: A relative deprivation approach

Abstract To study performance incentives and reward structures we derive an equation based on the theory of relative deprivation. The equation is applied to obtain several fundamental properties of career games and, in particular, to identify new devices for intervention aimed at encouraging desirable behaviour in such games.
Discovery of Sound in the Sea

Abstract : LONG-TERM GOALS. The long-term goal of this effort is to produce resources to educate the public, educators and students of all ages, and stakeholders on the basic science of sound in the sea; how people and animals use underwater sound to communicate, navigate, and explore the oceans; and the effects of sound on marine life. OBJECTIVES. The objective of this effort is to develop and maintain resources that address the long-term goal. The resources include a website http://www.dosits.org (Figure 1), educational CD-ROM, 12- page informational booklet (Figure 2), and tri-fold educational pamphlet (Figurer 3). APPROACH Efforts have focused on enhancing and expanding the website that was launched in November 2002, and developing structured online resources designed for policymakers and the media. During the past five years, the University of Rhode Island s Office of Marine Programs (OMP) has developed a successful working relationship with Marine Acoustics, Inc. (MAI). This relationship involves MAI drafting content material and providing technical guidance for OMP staff to produce additional science content and educational materials focused on sound in the sea and the effects of sound on marine animals. The quality of material on the website is enhanced by an advisory panel and external peer review committee. WORK COMPLETED. During the fifth year of the DOSITS project, OMP focused on several tasks to enhance and expand the website, and to outreach to additional audiences that have not been targeted in the past. Tasks for this reporting period included the following: Development of a section on the historical perspective of people s use of underwater sound. The Acoustical Society of America recently celebrated its 75th anniversary. As part of its celebration, they published a book commemorating the history of acoustical studies and significant milestones in the development of the field of acoustics.
The Emerging Custom of Human Rights-Based Development: A Model Agreement for Successful Exploitation of Lake Albert's Oil Reserves

The 2006 discovery of oil reserves beneath Lake Albert on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda has spawned both tension and attempts at cooperative development. History demonstrates that the process of exploiting natural resources is almost inevitably interwoven with violations of the human rights of local populations. This Note catalogs the possible human rights violations that can occur with the development of a natural resource such as oil, and discusses the growing pattern and practice of using human rights-based planning in international development agreements. The author proposes that incorporating human rights-based planning into the development agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda may help to prevent violations of the recognized rights of the population in the Lake Albert region.
Being Old and Doing Time: Functional Impairment and Adverse Experiences of Geriatric Female Prisoners

The number of older prisoners is increasing exponentially. For example, the number of geriatric female prisoners in California has increased 350% in the past decade. Despite an increasing population of geriatric female prisoners, the degree of functional impairment in this population is unknown. Therefore, the goals of this study were to describe the prevalence and nature of functional impairment in geriatric female prisoners in California and to identify aspects of the prison environment that may exacerbate functional impairments. Questionnaires were analyzed from 120 geriatric women in California state prisons. Functional impairment was defined as impairment in activities of daily living (ADLs) or in prison ADLs (PADLs), including dropping to the floor for alarms, standing for count, getting to meals, hearing orders, and climbing onto the top bunk. The mean age of participants was 62; 16% were dependent in one ADL, and 69% reported one PADL impairment. Increasing severity of functional impairment was associated with worse health status and more adverse prison experiences. For example, fall rates ranged from 33% in women without impairment to 57% with PADL impairment to 63% with ADL dependence (P=.02). Several prison environmental stressors were identified that likely exacerbate functional impairment. For example, 29% of geriatric women were assigned to a top bunk. Geriatric female prisoners report high rates of functional impairment. ADL and PADL impairment were associated with worse health status and adverse prison experiences. Therefore, the evaluation of functional impairment in geriatric female prisoners needs to consider the unique demands of the prison environment.
Mechanisms of Calcium Decay Kinetics in Hippocampal Spines: Role of Spine Calcium Pumps and Calcium Diffusion through the Spine Neck in Biochemical Compartmentalization

Dendritic spines receive most excitatory inputs in the CNS and compartmentalize calcium. Although the mechanisms of calcium influx into spines have been explored, it is unknown what determines the calcium decay kinetics in spines. With two-photon microscopy we investigate action potential-induced calcium dynamics in spines from rat CA1 pyramidal neurons in slices. The [Ca2+]i in most spines shows two decay kinetics: an initial fast component, during which [Ca2+]i in spines decays to dendritic levels, followed by a slower decay phase in which the spine follows dendritic kinetics. The correlation between [Ca2+]i in spine and dendrite at the breakpoint of the decay kinetics demonstrates diffusional equilibration between spine and dendrite during the slower component. To explain the faster initial decay, we rule out saturation or kinetic effects of endogenous or exogenous buffers and focus instead on (1) active calcium extrusion and (2) buffered diffusion of calcium from spine to dendrite. The presence of an undershoot in most spines indicates that extrusion mechanisms can be intrinsic to the spine. Supporting the two mechanisms, pharmacological blockade of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium (SERCA) pumps and the length of the spine neck affect spine decay kinetics. Using a mathematical model, we find that the contribution of calcium pumps and diffusion varies from spine to spine. We conclude that dendritic spines have calcium pumps and that their density and kinetics, together with the morphology of the spine neck, determine the time during which the spine compartmentalizes calcium.
Pericardial Manifestations in Autoimmune Encounters: Some Worthy Facts for Consideration!

DEAR EDITOR, We read with great pleasure the manuscript by Ashrafi et al. published in a recent issue of the International Journal of Preventive Medicine. Their case highlights a very interesting association between celiac disease and pericardial manifestations. However, authors have not discussed the underlying mechanism for its causal association and treatment considerations for refractory cases. Pericarditis has previously been reported in celiac disease, and it may even manifest as a primary presenting feature. The likely mechanism is a disturbed humoral and cell‐mediated immunity including other autoimmune reactions. There is deposition of circulating immune complexes originating from the small intestine, which may resemble the etiology of pericarditis similar to the one encountered in serum sickness. The mechanisms are likely related to pericardial deposition of soluble antigen‐antibody complexes when there is excess of antigen. It may often be difficult to differentiate the pericardial syndromes encountered in inflammatory bowel disease than those with celiac disease as the clinical picture is often similar. However, the response to gluten free diet often makes the etiological association very Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hartford Hospital, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Hartford, CT, 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hartford Hospital, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Hartford, CT, 2Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA Correspondence to: Dr. Lovely Chhabra, 80, Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, USA. E‐mail: lovids@hotmail.com
The McCord Model for the Tensor Product of a Space and a Commutative Ring Spectrum

We begin this paper by noting that, in a 1969 paper in the Transactions, M.C. McCord introduced a construction that can be interpreted as a model for the categorical tensor product of a based space and a topological abelian group. This can be adapted to Segal’s very special Γ-spaces - indeed this is roughly what Segal did — and then to a more modern situation:K ⊗ RwhereKis a based space andRis a unital, augmented, commutative, associative S-algebra.
Food web analysis of southern California coastal wetlands using multiple stable isotopes

Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes were used to characterize the food webs (i.e., sources of carbon and trophic status of consumers) in Tijuana Estuary and San Dieguito Lagoon. Producer groups were most clearly differentiated by carbon, then by sulfur, and least clearly by nitrogen isotope measurements. Consumer 15N isotopic enrichment suggested that there are four trophic levels in the Tijuana Estuary food web and three in San Dieguito Lagoon. A significant difference in multiple isotope ratio distributions of fishes between wetlands suggested that the food web of San Dieguito Lagoon is less complex than that of Tijuana Estuary. Associations among sources and consumers indicated that inputs from intertidal macroalgae, marsh microalgae, and Spartina foliosa provide the organic matter that supports invertebrates, fishes, and the light-footed clapper rail (Rallus longirostris levipes). These three producers occupy tidal channels, low salt marsh, and mid salt marsh habitats. The only consumer sampled that appears dependent upon primary productivity from high salt marsh habitat is the sora (Porzana carolina). Two- and three-source mixing models identified Spartina as the major organic matter source for fishes, and macroalgae for invertebrates and the light-footed clapper rail in Tijuana Estuary. In San Dieguito Lagoon, a system lacking Spartina, inputs of macroalgae and microalgae support fishes. Salicornia virginica, S. subterminalis, Monanthochloe littoralis, sewage- derived organic matter, and suspended particulate organic matter were deductively excluded as dominant, direct influences on the food web. The demonstration of a salt marsh-channel linkage in these systems affirms that these habitats should be managed as a single ecosystem and that the restoration of intertidal marshes for endangered birds and other biota is compatible with enhancement of coastal fish populations; heretofore, these have been considered to be competing objectives.
Cancer chemoprevention: present status, future expectations.

Rather than attempting to treat cancer after it has developed-and often metastasized-a more promising alternative is to direct therapy at the precancerous cell. For cancers linked to smoking, especially breast cancer and cancers of the head and neck, retinoids and tamoxifen have proven their ability to interrupt the carcinogenic process. However, widespread adoption will require further refinements.
Intracranial stent placement to trap an extruded coil during endovascular aneurysm treatment: technical note.

OBJECTIVE:The development of low profile, navigable stents has expanded the range of intracranial neuroendovascular procedures. We report a unique case of endovascular stent placement to trap a partially extruded Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) during treatment of an internal carotid artery (ICA) ca
Tissue factor is induced by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human aortic smooth muscle and THP-1 cells.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a C-C chemokine thought to play a major role in recruiting monocytes to the atherosclerotic plaque. Tissue factor (TF), the initiator of coagulation, is found in the atherosclerotic plaque, macrophages, and human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC). The exposure of TF during plaque rupture likely induces acute thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. This report demonstrates that MCP-1 induces the accumulation of TF mRNA and protein in SMC and in THP-1 myelomonocytic leukemia cells. MCP-1 also induces TF activity on the surface of human SMC. The induction of TF by MCP-1 in SMC is inhibited by pertussis toxin, suggesting that the SMC MCP-1 receptor is coupled to a Gi-protein. Chelation of intracellular calcium and inhibition of protein kinase C block the induction of TF by MCP-1, suggesting that in SMC it is mediated by activation of phospholipase C. SMC bind MCP-1 with a K d similar to that previously reported for macrophages. However, mRNA encoding the macrophage MCP-1 receptors, CCR2A and B, is not present in SMC, indicating that they possess a distinct MCP-1 receptor. These data suggest that in addition to being a chemoattractant, MCP-1 may have a procoagulant function and raise the possibility of an autocrine pathway in which MCP-1, secreted by SMC and macrophages, induces TF activity in these same cells.
Family interaction among white and ethnic minority adolescents with bulimia nervosa and their parents.

Objective To examine family adaptability, cohesion and satisfaction among white and ethnic minority families of adolescents seeking treatment for BN. Method Families completed the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES III) as part of their baseline assessment. Results No differences were found between white and ethnic minority patients' perceived and ideal levels of family cohesion and adaptability or level of satisfaction with family functioning, nor were differences found between white and ethnic minority parents on these measures. Both white and ethnic minority patients perceived their families to be less cohesive than did their fathers and their mothers, and their ideal levels of cohesion were lower than that of their fathers and their mothers. Conclusion These findings are consistent with a growing literature on eating disorders among ethnic minorities, which suggests that there may be fewer differences and more similarities among ethnic groups than previously thought. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Carbon nanocrosses: Synthesis, characterization and growth mechanism of a novel carbon nano-structure

Abstract We report the growth and structural information of a novel carbon-based nanostructure in the form of crosses with hollow interiors. The center of the cross has a diameter about 160–180 nm, and the four branches of the cross junction consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes are uniformly tapered to form the pointed tips. These conical branches of the nanocrosses are composed of coaxial cylindrical graphene sheets, a continuous shortening of the graphene layers in the outer surface along the axial direction. A liquid droplet dispersion theory is proposed to explain the growth of this new carbon nanostructure.
Agricultural Productivity in Volgograd Province

A sample of 345 collective and state farms in Volgograd province, Russia, provides data to test how state orders (goszakazy) affected farm productivity, and whether the price regime discriminated against farms with high quality land. Did the price regime impede agricultural reform by causing resource misallocation or a mistaken association of profit maximization with cost maximization? It appears that the lack of the usual differentiation among regions and products created a strong, but artificial political solidarity among agricultural producers which may in part explain the reluctance of Gorbachev to challenge the agrarian status quo.
Variability of study cast assessment among orthodontists

This study examined the accuracy and reliability with standardized definitions among 30 orthodontists in assessing different aspects of malocclusion from the study casts of 10 patients. Previous studies have indicated a lack of consistency among orthodontists in describing malocclusions. The diagnostic subcategories measured in this study included maxillary and mandibular crowding, overbite, overjet, and a modified molar, premolar, and canine Angle classification. Intraclass correlations indicated that the reliability of all parameters was good (intraclass correlation > 0.80), with overbite being the most reliable (0.98) and maxillary crowding and canine classification somewhat less reliable (0.89 and 0.87, respectively). Among Angle classifications, molar classification was the highest (0.95), followed by premolar (0.92) and canine (0.87). This study also measured the accuracy of the orthodontists' measurements compared with established true values (validity). T tests indicated that mandibular arch crowding and overbite were not statistically different from the true values. Overjet and molar classification were assessed very close to the true values. Although premolar and canine classifications were statistically different from the true values, they were within a one-eighth cusp of the true value (a clinically insignificant difference). The orthodontists consistently overestimated the amount of maxillary arch crowding or spacing. The results suggest that high reliability and reasonable accuracy can be expected for assessing study casts when using standardized definitions for the diagnostic subcategories.
Supercoiled loops and eucaryotic DNA replication

Abstract Recent studies have indicated that the DNA of the eucaryotic nucleus is organized in the form of supercoiled loops. We show here that after depleting interphase nuclei of histones and other nuclear proteins by treatment with nonionic detergent and high salt, intact (unnicked) loops of DNA can be visualized as a halo surrounding a nuclear skeleton or matrix. This halo of DNA loops can be reversibly wound using various concentrations of ethidium bromide and is irreversibly unwound when the DNA is gently nicked with DNAase I or exposure to ultraviolet light. These structures, comprising a halo of unwound DNA loops anchored to a nuclear matrix, provided us with a way in which to examine the relationship of DNA replication to the DNA loops. 3T3 cells were pulse-labeled with 3 H-thymidine for various periods and autoradiography was performed on the matrix-halo structures. It was found that after a 1 min pulse, >80% of the autoradiographic grains representing newly replicated DNA were found within the nuclear matrix even though the surrounding halo region contained 80% of the total nuclear DNA. With longer pulse times, the autoradiographic grains could be seen to move progressively outward from the nuclear matrix into the halo region. Over 70% of the autoradiographic grains could be chased out of the central matrix into the surrounding halo if the 1 min pulse was followed by a 1 hr incubation with excess unlabeled thymidine. These findings indicate that DNA replication occurs at fixed sites at the base of the loops and suggests that the replicating DNA loops are motile with respect to their nuclear matrix anchorage sites.
Psychogenic amenorrhea: an integrative review.

Psychogenic amenorrhea results from the interaction of intrapsychic vulnerability, external stress, and neuroendocrine disturbances. It may result from exposure to a known stress or may be associated with a major psychiatric disorder. Psychogenic amenorrhea frequently remits spontaneously, particularly when patients eliminate or adapt to external stresses. Various types of psychotherapeutic intervention are effective for more persistent amenorrhea.
Quantitative photocatalyzed soot oxidation on titanium dioxide

Abstract We report here the titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) photocatalyzed oxidation of deposited hurricane lamp soot. Sol–gel derived TiO 2 was coated on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) elements. Characterization by spectroscopic ellipsometry ( SE ) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed low surface roughness of 0–17%, and SE showed a linear variation of the TiO 2 thickness versus the number of sol–gel spin coats. Soot was deposited on the calcined TiO 2 film using an analytical rotor passing through a hurricane lamp flame, and subsequently irradiated with near-UV light. Varying the soot mass on the TiO 2 -coated QCM crystals revealed behaviors over 20,000 min ranging from total soot destruction of a single pass soot layer to minimal oxidation of an eight pass soot layer, the latter caused by soot screening of the incident UV light. A series/parallel reaction mechanism [P. Chin, G.W. Roberts, D.F. Ollis, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 46 (2007) 7598] developed to describe previous literature data on TiO 2 -catalyzed soot photooxidation was successfully employed to capture the longer time changes in presumably graphitic soot mass as a function of UV illumination time from 1000 to 20,000 min and of soot layer thickness. Short time soot mass loss is attributed to oxidation of organic carbons deposited on the graphitic soot components. This kinetic model can be used to predict the rate of TiO 2 -catalyzed soot destruction as a function of near-UV illumination time and initial soot layer thickness.
Harvesting by Peel Color to Reduce Bruising of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples

‘Golden Delicious’ apples were harvested at three peel color stages and equilibrated at 22°C for 2 days before inducing bruising to a constant depth using an artificial silicon finger attached to an Instron universal material testing instrument. After 48 hr, bruised tissue was sliced sequentially from the fruit surface in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the applied force until discoloration was no longer evident. Thickness and discolored area of each tissue slice was measured using a digital caliper and total volume of bruised tissue was estimated. Analysis showed that there was a significant difference in bruise volume between green and yellow peel stages. Susceptibility to bruising of fruit at the white (intermediary) stage appeared to vary with environmental conditions (year to year). Compared with the previous year, the 2008 growing season was cooler and shorter and bruise volume at all stages was greater. Analysis of fruit maturity suggested bruise volume was influenced by ripening-induced ...
Effects of different operating room temperatures on the body temperature undergoing live liver donor hepatectomy.

Abstract Objective We sought to compare the effects of operation room temperature (ORT) at typical ambient environment (19–21°C) and ORT at 24°C on the core temperature of patients undergoing living donor hepatectomy. Methods and Patients Sixty-two patients undergoing living donor hepatectomy were divided into 2 groups. In group I ( n = 31), surgery was performed at typical ambient ORT, and in group II ( n = 31) in ORT at 24°C. Anesthesia and measures to prevent heat loss, except ORT, were all the same. Nasopharyngeal temperature (NT) was recorded after anesthesia induction, then hourly until completion of the operation. Changes in NTs were analyzed as well as patient age, weight, anesthetic duration, blood loss, intravenous fluids, total urine output, and pre- and postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit values. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons between groups. Results The patient's characteristics between groups were not statistically different. However, a significantly higher core temperature was noted in group II compared with group I. Increased ORT from 19 to 21°C to 24°C resulted in an increased core temperature of at least 0.5°C during living donor hepatectomy.
Ab initio calculation of the low-lying vibrational states of C2H2(A) in full dimensionality.

We report full-dimensional calculations of vibrational energies of trans-C 2 H 2 (A) using the code MULTIMODE and with a full-dimensional potential energy surface obtained by fitting singles and doubles coupled-cluster equations-of-motion (EOM-CCSD) energies using a [3s 2p 1d] atomic natural orbital basis. The EOM-CCSD calculations were done with the code "ACES II". We compare the properties of the potential surface to previous calculations at the trans minimum and also compare the vibrational energies to experimental ones.
Neuropsychological deficits in major depression reflect genetic/familial risk more than clinical history: a monozygotic discordant twin-pair study.

Neuropsychological deficits have been associated with major depression (MD) and persist in some individuals even after symptom remission. However, it is unclear if the deficits are a consequence of MD or are pre-existing and reflect MD vulnerability. We addressed this issue by studying 117 twins from monozygotic (MZ) pairs discordant for lifetime history of DSM-III-R defined MD and 41 twins from MZ pairs in which neither twin had experienced MD. Our assessment included a structured clinical interview and measures from the WMS-III and WAIS-III. The “unaffected” twins from discordant pairs showed the same pattern of performance as their affected cotwins on measures of attention, working memory, verbal memory, and visuo-spatial processing. Compared to twins from pairs with no MD history, twins in discordant pairs had lower performance in the domains of attention, memory, visuo-spatial processing, and general knowledge. However, after adjusting for sex and age, the groups differed only on attention and general knowledge. The similar performance of twins in pairs discordant for MD suggests that familial risk for MD has a greater influence on neuropsychological functioning than individual MD history. Findings of impairment in individuals euthymic for MD are more consistent with pre-existing deficits than scarring effects of MD.
Evaluation of a combination drug with multiple doses in unbalanced factorial design clinical trials

Flexibilities for sample size allocation are often demanded for achieving multiple study objectives in combination drug trials. The global tests of Hung, Chi and Lipicky are extended for analysis of unbalanced factorial design trials to test the hypothesis that at least one of the non-zero dose combinations of two drugs is more effective than the respective component doses. When the dose combinations have heterogeneous effect sizes, an unbalanced design may induce greater power than the balanced design. An adjusted p-value approach is proposed for testing the individual dose combinations under the condition that the maximum type I error probability is protected.
Narrative Models of Action and Interaction

This paper explores some issues which a humanlike story system ought to encompass, but which are usually not in the main focus of narrative models since Propp. We argue that knowledge about actions and interactions can account not only for how stories are constructed, but also for why some stories are more interesting and enduring than others. We analyze a traditional English folktale in these terms, and show how classes of surface expressions make recoverable the underlying structures and dependencies that schema-based understanders comprise.
Effects of blood flow modifiers on tumor metabolism observed in vivo by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging

Perfusion plays a key role in tumor proliferation and therapeutic response. Tumor heterogeneity necessitates use of the highest spatial resolution to monitor metabolic correlates of blood flow changes. This is best achieved with 1H NMR spectroscopy, which permits noninvasive acquisition of high resolution spectroscopic images (SI) of subcutaneous tumors in a relatively short scan time (e.g., 12-25 microliters voxels with signal-to-noise ratio 7:1 in 30 min at 4.7 T). This study seeks to identify 1H spectroscopic indices of tumor blood flow. Proton SI of subcutaneous murine RIF-1 tumors were recorded (a) before and after administration of nicotinamide (1 g/kg) to increase blood flow, and (b) before and after hydralazine (10 mg/kg) to decrease flow. Nicotinamide produced a significant decrease in the total choline peak amplitudes, which subsequent high resolution NMR spectroscopy of tumor extracts revealed to be due to decreases in phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine. The deamidation of nicotinamide to nicotinic acid, which is known to have hypolipidemic effects and to stimulate the formation of prostaglandins, may have sufficiently altered lipid metabolism to affect the in vivo concentration of the NMR-visible choline-containing compounds. The main effect of hydralazine was a significant increase of lactate, which is consistent with a reduction of tumor blood flow.
Solder joint formation and acoustic emission during soldering

With the method of Acoustic Emission Measurement, it is shown that in the process of formation of intermetallic compounds during soldering Acoustic Emission Events (AEE) are generated. These acoustic emission events may be used to describe more exactly the formation of the interface between solid wire and liquid solder bath in the soldering process for the copper-tin system.
Bioluminescence — the biochemistry of photogens and photagogika

The present trend emphasizes the definitive chemistry of photogens, such as specific luciferins, and of photagogika (the actual light-emitters) rather than indirect evidence concerning components of bioluminescent systems as has been practices for almost a century, resulting in many misleading hypotheses. Recent advances indicate that, contrary to earlier conclusions, chemically identical components characterize divers types of bioluminescent organisms and that the route to light emission probably always involves a hydroperoxide that, at least in some instances, leads to formation of a dioxetanone ring before decomposition.
Brain natriuretic peptide: A diagnostic and treatment hormone for perioperative congestive heart failure

d d h a v c e p D t w p m t ONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF) is the most common discharge diagnosis among all hospitalizations.1 ore than 5 million Americans suffer from CHF and nearly alf a million new cases arise each year, with annual direct osts for diagnosis and treatment exceeding 38 billion dollars.2 he diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction and CHF requires exensive expertise in echocardiography.3 Recently, a rapid bedide serum marker for CHF has been developed and may eplace serial echocardiography or other expensive tests, much ike creatinine and prostate-specific antigen for kidney and rostate diseases. Furthermore, if this serum marker plays a neurohumoral role n CHF, it might also serve as a novel target for pharmacologic ntervention. As compensation for poor perfusion, neurohuoral factors such as norepinephrine cause vasoconstriction nd aldosterone cause fluid retention. Such deleterious reponses predominate over neurohumoral factors that cause vaodilatation and natriuresis. Vasodilatation is minor because of ownregulation of receptors, increased degradation by neural ndopeptidases, and uncoupling of postreceptor reactions.4 herefore, administration of these vasodilators in supraphysilogic doses may improve the balance. Angiotensin-converting nzyme inhibition, for example, partially works through stimlating release of endogenous neurohumoral vasodilators.4 The urpose of this review is to describe what stage of CHF is likely f this serum hormone is elevated and to tailor therapy using its ecombinant form. Over the last 2 decades, it has been shown that cardiac atria, pon stretch, secrete atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and that entricles secrete pre-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Prero-BNP is enzymatically cleaved into pro-BNP that then reaks into inactive N-terminal-proBNP and active BNP, a asodilator that acts via cGMP.5 Recently, BNP levels have een shown to differentiate the presence or absence of CHF in
Time to kick butts

Used cigarette butts are not just pieces of non-biodegradable plastic. They also contain the carcinogens, nicotine and toxins found in all tobacco products. It was found that one cigarette butt soaked in a liter of water for 96 hours leaches out enough toxins to kill half of the fresh or salt water fish exposed to them. The tobacco industry is aware of the problem of cigarette butt waste but has largely left responsibility for clean-up to communities and individual smokers. Here, Novotny explains why cigarette filters may be considered a health hazard.
Coupling meteoric 10Be with pedogenic losses of 9Be to improve soil residence time estimates on an ancient North American interfluve

We couple meteoric 10 Be measurements with mass balance analysis of 9 Be to estimate the soil residence time (SRT) of a biogeomorphically stable Ultisol in the Southern Piedmont physiographic region of the southeastern United States. We estimate SRT after correcting the meteoric 10 Be inventory to account for observed 9 Be losses, which indicate that more than half of the 9 Be weathered from primary minerals has been leached from the upper 18.3 m of the Ultisol. Our estimates of minimum SRT range between 1.3–1.4 Ma and between 2.6–3.1 Ma under high and low (2.0 and 1.3 × 10 6 atoms cm −2 yr −1 , respectively), estimates of 10 Be delivery. Denudation rates of the physiographic region corroborate our estimates. We redefine pedogenic time constraints in the Southern Piedmont, and demonstrate that the assumption of complete meteoric 10 Be retention in acidic soil systems cannot always be made; the latter has far-reaching consequences for soil, sediment, river, and ocean research using meteoric 10 Be.
Movements of self‐marked caddisfly larvae, Chyrnda centralis (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), in a Sierran spring stream, California, U.S.A.

SUMMARY. 1. The tendency of larvae of Chyranda centralis to mark themselves by adding coloured plastic segments to their cases was used to study instream movements of the species. Plastic strips of different colours were placed at measured distances down a small spring stream and larvae cut pieces and incorporated them in their cases. 2. Over 50% of the marked population moved upstream into cooler water prior to pupation in an exceptionally dry year. The greatest distance moved upstream by a single larva was 56.9m, In a wet year, when daytime stream temperatures were cooler, 11–28% of the marked population moved upstream. Downstream movement occurred in both years late in the fifth instar. 3. Larvae selected yellow in preference to other colours in laboratory tests and they preferred heavy, textured plastic to light, smooth plastic as they neared pupation. 4. Upstream movements, found also in Desmana bethula (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in the same spring stream, may be an adaptation for avoiding pupation in areas of high temperature, low oxygen concentration, or intermittent flow.