cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-affinity α4β2 nicotinic receptors mediate the impairing effects of acute nicotine on contextual fear extinction

Previously, studies from our lab have shown that while acute nicotine administered prior to training and testing enhances contextual fear conditioning, acute nicotine injections prior to extinction sessions impair extinction of contextual fear. Although there is also strong evidence showing that the acute nicotine's enhancing effects on contextual fear conditioning require high-affinity α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), it is unknown which nAChR subtypes are involved in the acute nicotine-induced impairment of contextual fear extinction. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute nicotine administration on contextual fear extinction in knock-out (KO) mice lacking α4, β2 or α7 subtypes of nAChRs and their wild-type (WT) littermates. Both KO and WT mice were first trained and tested for contextual fear conditioning and received a daily contextual extinction session for 4 days. Subjects received intraperitoneal injections of nicotine (0.18 mg/kg) or saline 2-4 min prior to each extinction session. Our results showed that the mice that lack α4 and β2 subtypes of nAChRs showed normal contextual fear extinction but not the acute nicotine-induced impairment while the mice that lack the α7 subtype showed both normal contextual extinction and nicotine-induced impairment of contextual extinction. In addition, control experiments showed that acute nicotine-induced impairment of contextual fear extinction persisted when nicotine administration was ceased and repeated acute nicotine administrations alone did not induce freezing behavior in the absence of context-shock learning. These results clearly demonstrate that high-affinity α4β2 nAChRs are necessary for the effects of acute nicotine on contextual fear extinction.
The Importance of Assessing Neural Trajectories in Pediatric Depression

In this issue of JAMA Psychiatry, Luby et al1 report neuroimagingfindings fromalongitudinal studyof193youthswhowere carefully assessed for clinical depression since preschool and underwent neuroimagingmultiple timesduring early adolescence. Using growth curve modeling, Luby and colleagues characterized trajectories of cortical structure as a functionofdepression.They foundthatglobalvolumeofgray matter, indexed by cortical thickness, declined more steeply inadolescentswithmore severedepression.Given that theage rangemodeled here is characterized by a decrease in volume of graymatter that is posited to reflect synaptic pruning, this finding suggests that synaptic pruning is particularly aggressive in individuals who have experienced symptoms of depression. The research presented by Luby et al highlights the types of clinical questions that can be addressed through longitudinal neuroimaging research. We describe 3 specific ways in which such research can informourunderstanding of psychiatric disorders: by revealing variability in etiologic pathways to disorder, by elucidating how external influences can alter neural trajectories and thereby either contribute to psychiatric disorders or counteract maladaptive developmental processes, and by clarifying critical changes during specific sensitive developmental periods.
Attenuation of endothelin-1-induced calcium response by tyrosine kinase inhibitors in vascular smooth muscle cells

Although tyrosine kinases play an important role in cell growth and have been implicated in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, their role in agonist-induced myoplasmic Ca2+ responses is uncle...
Current management of coarctation of the aorta

Coarctation of the aorta (C) is the sixth most common lesion in congenital heart disease and represents a spectrum of aortic narrowing that varies from a discrete entity to tubular hypoplasia. This condition was once thought to be a relatively simple lesion that would be “cured” upon repair of the narrowing, however, despite relief of the anatomical obstruction the subsequent risk of early morbidity and death persists. This review outlines the optimal management strategy of this disease from neonatal to adult life and provides insights to approach this straightforward but challenging condition.
Detection and alignment of XY skew for dual-polarization optical quadrature amplitude transmitter using reconfigurable interference

DP-QAM is one of the feasible paths towards 100Gbps, 400Gbps and 1Tbps optical communications systems. For DPQAM transmitter, the time mismatch between the XY tributary channels is known as the XY skew. Large uncompensated XY skew can significantly degrade the system performance. Sometimes, time-interleaved return-to-zero DP signal is preferred with lower nonlinear polarization scattering induced penalty. In this work, XY skew detection and alignment of dual-polarization optical quadrature amplitude transmitter using reconfigurable interference is experimentally demonstrated with >23-dB dynamic range. ~1.5-dB power change is achieved for 1-ps XY skew. Fast detecting scheme for arbitrary skew measurement is also experimentally verified. The scheme is compatible with different modulation formats, data sequences, and waveforms.
Reply to "Comment on Abraham's isothermal-isobaric molecular-dynamics calculations"

A reply is made to Toxvaerd's Comment on Abraham's constant-pressure molecular-dynamics method. We show that our procedure is correct and that Toxvaerd's Comment is without merit.
Parliamentary Government in Japan

The past year of Japanese politics has witnessed several developments in parliamentary government, prominent among which are the contest between the privy council and the cabinet, the question of the reform of the Peers, and the reorganization and growth of parties on the eve of the first general election under the manhood suffrage law.During the greater part of this time, the Wakatsuki ministry was in office. The strong leader of the Kenseikai, Viscount Kato, who had been called to form a coalition cabinet after the fall of the super-party cabinet of Kiyoura, died in January, 1926. The succeeding premior, Reijiro Wakatsuki, was a man of less prestige. Even before Kate's death, the alliance of all parties in the House of Representatives was dissolved and the Seiyukai and the Jitsugyo Doshikai, or Business-man's party, assumed the role of opposition parties.
Notes on Some South American Mosquitoes II. The genus Mansonia, subgenus Rhynchotaenia

It is believed that the later aquatic stages of the mosquito group Rhynchotaenia , of the genus Mansonia , have never been adequately described. Goeldi (1) has described and figured the ova and first-stage larvae of Mansonia (Rhynchotaenia) fasciolata and of M. (R.) arribalzagae . From time to time during several years various workers at Bahia have attempted to secure larval forms of this subgenus, but until recently they have met with no great success. Some half-dozen larvae were found on the roots of a small sedge, and two or three were taken from the roots of common grasses growing at the edge of a stream; but all of these died without pupating. However, since early in May, 1933, larger collections of larvae have been secured from a tall cane-like sedge of the family Cyperaceae ( Fuirena umbellata Rottb.) whose roots are buried in mud or slime, usually overlaid with several inches of water. This plant grows abundantly in certain swampy valleys less than five miles from the city of Sao Salvador. Plate I shows one of these breeding areas; also a close view of one of the plants.
Tip leakage reduction through tip injection in turbomachines

This paper descr ibes an experimental s tudy on t i p leakage flow reduct ion through t i p i n j e c t i o n . A s i n g l e blade was placed i n the test s e c t i o n of a wind-tunnel wi th a gap between the t i p of t h e blade and t h e top w a l l . S u r f a c e s t r e a m l i n e flow v i s u a l i z a t i o n , leakage flow v i s u a l i z a t i o n , blade s t a t i c pressure masurements, and t o t a l pressure measurements behind t h e blade were performed i n order t o eva lua te the e f f e c t i v e n e s s of t i p i n j e c t i o n i n reducing leakage flow and losses . Two d i f f e r e n t p a t t e r n s of i n j e c t i o n were t e s t e d . It was found t h a t the e f f e c t i v e n e s s of t h e t i p i n j e c t i o n depended on t h e i n j e c t i o n angle and t h e in jec t ion-hole d i s t r i b u t i o n . The s tudy demonstrated the p o t e n t i a l of t i p i n j e c t i o n i n reducing leakage flow and l o s s e s as well as i n energ iz ing t h e end-wall boundary layer .
Cytotoxicity and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolates From a Broiler Processing Operation.

The cytotoxicity and antibiotic resistance profiles of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates recovered from broiler carcasses and chill water samples taken from a Georgia processing plant were determined. Carcasses were sampled at pre- and post-evisceration locations, immediately after immersion chilling, and after being boxed, iced and refrigerated for 48 h. Grab samples of chill water were randomly selected for A. hydrophila recovery. Resistance of isolates to nine antibiotics was determined with the Bauer disc diffusion method (i.e., to ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, naladixic acid, tetracycline, neomycin, and gentamicin). Multiple antibiotic resistance occurred in 46.2% of 119 isolates. The majority of the multiple antibiotic-resistant isolates (76.4%) were resistant only to ampicillin and cephalothin. The remaining multiple antibiotic-resistant isolates (23.6%) were resistant to various combinations of 2, 3, or 4 antibiotics, most of which were recovered from carcasses immediately after evisceration. Cytotoxin activity was detected in 63.8% of all isolates using the Y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cell line. Cytotoxin positive isolates were recovered from all sampling locations including chill water. The highest cytotoxicity titers were shown among isolates recovered from carcasses immediately after evisceration. These data suggest bird fecal contamination as an important source of A. hydrophila in broilers and broiler processing plants rather than environmental contamination.
The Prelude to Hostilities: Projecting Britain in Romania

During the years leading up to Britain’s declaration of war upon Romania, cultural diplomacy was a principal means of projecting British influence and involvement in Romanian life.1 The British Committee for Relations with Other Countries — soon afterwards to be known as The British Council — came into being on 5 December 1934 and drove this effort. It was the brainchild of Reginald Leeper, a senior figure in the News Department of the Foreign Office (he became its head in 1935), and it was largely due to his vision and pertinacity that the Council, with the support of senior figures in the Foreign Office, was established. Its main objective was to win friendship and respect for Britain abroad through cultural and educational activities.2
The Legal Framework of Mobile Payment: Gaps, Ambiguities, and Overlap

American consumers increasingly use their mobile devices to pay for goods and services. Technological developments have led to rapid changes in mobile payment products. The law, however, has not kept pace. This article describes the legal framework that applies to mobile payments.The article examines the three stages of mobile payments: Stage 1 considers the law that applies to consumers who enter into contracts for the provision of mobile payment services. The article first describes the complex regulatory environment in which mobile payments occur. The focus of this part is on consumers who contract online. Stage 2 explores the law that relates to consumers’ use of mobile devices to make payments. Differences in the legal treatment of payments made with credit, debit and prepaid card accounts are analyzed. This part also reviews the law applicable to the many parties involved in mobile payments, including banks, non-banks, wireless carriers, payment processors and third-party service providers. Stage 3 describes problems consumers encounter when making payments with mobile devices, including privacy invasions, security breaches, and unauthorized payments. The article examines the sufficiency of laws consumers can use to remedy these problems.At each stage, the article highlights the gaps where no law applies, ambiguities where it is not clear whether or how a law applies, and overlap in which two or more laws apply to the same situation or more than one government agency has legal authority over the same type of conduct. The article concludes by discussing the various options available to lawmakers.Support for this project was provided by The Pew Charitable Trusts. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of The Pew Charitable Trusts.
Transverse Compression Response of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Single Fibers

This work reports on the experimental quasi static transverse compression response of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) Dyneema SK76 single fibers. The experimental nominal stress-strain response of single fibers exhibits nonlinear inelastic behavior under transverse compression with negligible strain recovery during unloading. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the presence of significant voids along the length of the virgin and compressed fibers. The inelastic behavior is attributed to the microstructural damage within the fiber. The compressed fiber cross sectional area is found to increase to a maximum of 1.83 times the original area at 46 % applied nominal strains. The true stress strain behavior is determined by removing the geometric nonlinearity due to the growing contact area. The transverse compression experiments serve as validation experiments for fibril-length scale models.
Charmless final states and S − and D -wave mixing in the ψ ″

The ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{''}}=\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$ resonance is expected to be mainly $c\overline{c}(1{}^{3}{D}_{1}),$ but tensor forces and coupling to charmed particle pairs can mix it with ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{(2}^{3}{S}_{1})$ and other states. The implications of this mixing for decays of ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{''}}$ to noncharmed final states are discussed. (i) The ratio $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{''}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}+{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c2})/\ensuremath{\Gamma}({\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{''}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}+{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0})$ is expected to be highly suppressed if ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{''}}$ is a pure D-wave state, and is enchanced by mixing. (ii) The expected decay ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}$ and other ``missing'' modes can appear as corresponding ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{''}}$ partial widths, enhanced by a factor depending on the mixing angle. General arguments then suggest a branching ratio of about $1%,$ give or take a factor of 2, for charmless hadronic decays of ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{''}}.$ (iii) Enhancements can appear in penguin amplitudes in B decays, $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}K{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ branching ratios, and direct $\mathrm{CP}$-violating asymmetries in $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}K\ensuremath{\pi}$ decays.
Ergonomic Workplace Design for Health, Wellness, and Productivity

Even with today’s mobile technology, most work is still undertaken in a physical workplace. Today’s workplaces need to be healthy environments that minimize the risks of illnesses or injuries to occupants to compete in the marketplace. This necessitates the application of good ergonomics design principles to the creation of effective workplaces, and this is the focus of this book. This book will:· Focus on ergonomic design for better health and ergonomic design for better productivity· Presents environments that support new ways of working and alternative workplace strategies, as well as the impacts of new technologies· Covers the role of ergonomics design in creating sustainable workplaces· Includes ergonomics design for a wide variety of workplaces, from offices to hospitals, to hotels to vehicles, etc…· Shows the design principles on how to design and create a healthy and productive workplace The market lacks an ergonomics design book that covers the topics that this book will cover. This book summarizes design principles for practitioners, and applies them to the variety of workplace settings described in the book. No other book currently on the market does that.
Complex Mammalian Behavior and Pheromone Bioassay in the Field

True field bioassays of mammalian pheromones, i.e., experiments with free-living populations, are highly desirable from a biological point of view but are practical only in rare cases. The best generally practical approach, i.e., experiments with captive animals in outdoor settings, has yielded biologically meaningful results despite many environmental factors. Eleven aspects of such bioassays are discussed. The term “Informer Pheromone” is proposed in point 9. Point 10 discusses the pathway of the tarsal odor and the supporting specialized structures. Recent results of experiments with black-tailed deer and reindeer are given in point 11. These results deal with geometric isomers, early experience with maternal odors, taxonomic specificity of an alarm pheromone, the role of ant-orbital gland secretion in age class recognition in deer, and social odors in reindeer.
Vincristine-Induced Bladder Neuropathy

We report a case of detrusor areflexia caused by vincristine neurotoxicity and documented by urodynamic testing. Vincristine commonly induces peripheral neuropathy but rarely causes voiding dysfunction. Neurourological evaluation aided in monitoring and understanding this problem.
Applications of Coancestry

We can now evaluate the coancestry between specific relatives. Consider first the coancestry between an individual and one of its offspring, f(PO). If A and B are the parents of C, fAC is an example of a parent-offspring coancestry coefficient. From Eq. (25.5), $${f_{AC}} = \left( {1/2} \right)\left( {{f_{AA}} + {f_{AB}}} \right).$$
The downsides of information transmission and voting

I analyze a model of information transmission in collective choice environments. An Expert possesses private information about the consequences of passing an exogenous proposal and engages in cheap talk to persuade voters to pass or reject the proposal. The Expert may successfully persuade the voters to take her preferred action even when all or most voters would receive a better ex ante payoff with no information transmission. I consider several remedies that an institutional designer may consider in order to avoid this problem while allowing information transmission that benefits the voters. I evaluate the effects of (1) limiting Expert communication to binary endorsements, (2) encouraging competition between Experts, and (3) restricting the agenda in order to consider only one dimension at a time. None of these proposals completely eliminate negative persuasion outcomes, but limiting the Expert to binary endorsements avoids the worst manipulation while preserving beneficial information transmission.
Consumer Aggregations Drive Nutrient Dynamics and Ecosystem Metabolism in Nutrient-Limited Systems

Differences in animal distributions and metabolic demands can influence energy and nutrient flow in an ecosystem. Through taxa-specific nutrient consumption, storage, and remineralization, animals may influence energy and nutrient pathways in an ecosystem. Here we show these taxa-specific traits can drive biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and alter ecosystem primary production and metabolism, using riverine systems that support heterogeneous freshwater mussel aggregations. Freshwater unionid mussels occur as distinct, spatially heterogeneous, dense aggregations in rivers. They may influence rates of production and respiration because their activities are spatially concentrated within given stream reaches. Previous work indicates that mussels influence nutrient limitation patterns, algal species composition, and producer and primary consumer biomass. Here, we integrate measures of organismal rates, stoichiometry, community-scaled rates, and ecosystem rates, to determine the relative source-sink nutrient dynamics of mussel aggregations and their influence on net ecosystem processes. We studied areas with and without mussel aggregations in three nitrogen-limited rivers in southeastern Oklahoma, USA. We measured respiration and excretion rates of mussels and collected a subset of samples for tissue chemistry and for thin sectioning of the shell to determine growth rates at each site. This allowed us to assess nutrient remineralization and nutrient sequestration by mussels. These rates were scaled to the community. We also measured stream metabolism at three sites with and without mussels. We demonstrated that mussel species have distinct stoichiometric traits, vary in their respiration rates, and that mussel aggregations influence nutrient cycling and productivity. Across all mussel aggregations, we found that mussels excreted more nitrogen than they sequestered into tissue and excreted more phosphorus than they sequestered except at one site. Furthermore, gross primary productivity was significantly greater at reaches with mussels. Collectively, our results indicate that mussels have ecosystem-level impacts on nutrient availability and production in nutrient-limited rivers. Within these streams, mussels are affecting the movement of nutrients and altering nutrient spiralling.
In Vivo Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy Correlated with Histopathologic Results in Cancer-Associated Retinopathy.

Purpose To demonstrate the validity of adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) imaging of the retina in human disease based on clinicopathologic correlation in a patient with cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR). Design Case report. Participant Sixty-four-year-old man with CAR. Methods Fundus photography, electroretinography, visual field testing, fundus autofluorescent imaging, spectral-domain OCT scans, AOSLO, and histopathologic analysis were performed. Main Outcome Measure Comparison of AOSLO with histopathologic results. Results Changes in photoreceptor morphologic features were correlated highly between AOSLO and histopathologic results. Conclusions We present a unique case where a patient with a rare and fatal disease, CAR, underwent AOSLO imaging during the course of the disease, and then shortly thereafter, postmortem histopathologic analysis of the eyes was carried out. This is the first report of use of AOSLO to elucidate further the retinal changes that occur in CAR and the first study to demonstrate correlation of AOSLO with histopathologic results in any human disease.
Retrograde parallel wire technique using a dual lumen catheter can be useful for percutaneous coronary intervention with chronic total occlusion.

The patient was a 61-year-old male with chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the right coronary artery (RCA). We performed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to RCA-CTO with the bidirectional approach via the left anterior descending artery. In retrograde approach, the first wire entered the false lumen at the segment of severe stenosis of the CTO distal site. We performed parallel wire technique using a dual lumen catheter to avoid branch loss and succeeded to get the proximal true lumen through the second wire. When the first wire enters the false lumen, continued advancement of this wire easily should be avoided as it can collapse the true lumen and make reentry difficult. On top of that, in retrograde approach, it is difficult to perform parallel wire technique without using a dual lumen catheter. This case reveals that retrograde parallel wire technique using a dual lumen catheter is an extremely effective strategy to treat CTO. .
Using bystander programs to tackle college sexual violence: A critical evaluation of a meta-analysis

The prominence of meta-analyses has drastically spiked over the past couple of decades (e.g., the number of citations tagged as “meta-analysis” in PubMed has exponentially grown from 334 in 1991 to...
Long-Term Management of Chronic Depression

Untreated major depression tends to either wax and wane, with repeated acute episodes, or persist in a chronic unremitting state, which occurs in up to 35% of depressed patients. After acute remission, those with treated chronic major depression are at high risk of depressive relapse and recurrence. Strategies to reduce the risk of relapse and recurrence include achieving full acute remission, continuing antidepressant treatment with optimal patient adherence, and adding modified cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. This article will review data relevant to the long-term management of chronic major depression.
Impressions of Reflection and the end of art: a re-Evaluation of Hume’s Standard of Taste

Hume seems to defend the non-normativity of sentiments by claiming that sentiments are non-representational feelings impressed upon an agent. Since they neither are intentionally created by the agent, nor do they represent the art work in any way, they do not seem fit for judging that artwork. Nonetheless, Hume also argues that the authority of any given judgment of an artwork is rooted in sentiment. I will demonstrate that the apparent contradiction can be resolved if one accounts for a distinction Hume makes in the Treatise between impressions of sensation and reflection. Sentiments fall into the latter category. What Hume means to claim is that an agent who reflects properly experiences different sentiments than an agent who has not. The standard of taste is, thereby, determined by the consensus of those who have reflected properly.
What Do Children Ask? What Do Children Know?: Awareness, Knowledge and Contemporary History

Pech and Achenbach describe the research context in the area of primary education that deals with reconstructing children’s perspectives on social problems and questions in Germany. They outline not only the learning theoretical assumptions that justify this research and the focus of these efforts, but also the research approach of phenomenography. The authors emphasise that the existing research leads to the conclusion that there may be a common structure inherent in children’s awareness of historical and political events. Furthermore, Pech and Achenbach refer to a comparative empirical study of this notion carried out in South Africa and Germany: What do children ask and know about the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of Apartheid in South Africa?
Isolation and characterization of aerobic, culturable, arsenic-tolerant bacteria from lead-zinc mine tailing in southern China.

Bioremediation of arsenic (As) pollution is an important environmental issue. The present investigation was carried out to isolate As-resistant novel bacteria and characterize their As transformation and tolerance ability. A total of 170 As-resistant bacteria were isolated from As-contaminated soils at the Kangjiawan lead–zinc tailing mine, located in Hunan Province, southern China. Thirteen As-resistant isolates were screened by exposure to 260 mM Na2HAsO4·7H2O, most of which showed a very high level of resistance to As5+ (MIC ≥ 600 mM) and As3+ (MIC ≥ 10 mM). Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes indicated that the 13 isolates tested belong to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and these isolates were assigned to eight genera, Bacillus, Williamsia, Citricoccus, Rhodococcus, Arthrobacter, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas. Genes involved in As resistance were present in 11 of the isolates. All 13 strains transformed As (1 mM); the oxidation and reduction rates were 5–30% and 10–51.2% within 72 h, respectively. The rates of oxidation by Bacillus sp. Tw1 and Pseudomonas spp. Tw224 peaked at 42.48 and 34.94% at 120 h, respectively. For Pseudomonas spp. Tw224 and Bacillus sp. Tw133, the highest reduction rates were 52.01% at 48 h and 48.66% at 144 h, respectively. Our findings will facilitate further research into As metabolism and bioremediation of As pollution by genome sequencing and genes modification.
The House of Childhood

In his book The Poetics of Space, Gaston Bachelard talks about the house of childhood, the house we never leave because at first we live in it, and afterwards it lives on in us. The house of childhood organizes our experience, first of all determining inside and outside, and then offering middle terms: the front porch and its steps are a middle term between the house and the town, while the back yard and garden are a middle term between the house and the wild. It organizes what is far away, both because we measure “away” by how far it is from home, how many hours or days of travel. Moreover, the windows of the house let in the distances, the dwindling train tracks, river or road, the fields and forest, even the cloudy-blue or starry heavens: they are set squarely on the walls within the window-frames, as light comes through and we see what is outside. The infinite or limitless is framed or mapped, a kind of compactification. (We’ll look into middle terms and compactification later.) The house also organizes time, for what lives in the basement or the attic? We ourselves do not eat or sleep or socialize there, although those rooms are part of the house: it is where we put the past, the discarded and the treasured. It is also where sometimes we put the might-have-been, the unrealized possibles. So, finally, the house invites playing. The play room (the nursery, as one used to call it) with its gate, and the fenced-in part of the back yard that displays and bars the wild, are enclosures where the toys are kept and where children go about their business of imitating the adult activities of building and furnishing houses, admonishing and encouraging their dolls, rushing about on small basketball courts and soccer pitches, setting forth amidst the ceremonies of departure and return, celebrating holidays, those middle terms between time and eternity that punctuate and organize the human year (Bachelard 1969).
Motion sickness as metaphor: engaging with diversity in STEM.

Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) continue to work to increase the diversity of the fields, yet there are still significant historical and societal hurdles to be overcome before we ...
An Interference-Resilient 31× 15 Touch-Screen Panel Read-Out IC Based on Chirp Spread Spectrum and Pseudo Random Orthogonal Sequences

This paper presents the design of an interference-resilient mutual-capacitive touch screen panel (TSP) readout IC. To overcome the influences of an in-band interference injection, it employs hybrid spread spectrum TSP drive scheme combining chirp spread spectrum (CSS) and pseudo-random (PR) orthogonal matrix. In addition, the proposed transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with differential current scaler (DCS) provides wide dynamic range of the front end circuit only for a capacitive change of mutual-capacitance. The proposed IC was fabricated in a 0.13 µm standard CMOS. The measurement results show that the proposed IC achieves 54.2 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 24 dB in-band interference rejection ratio with 11.5 mW power consumption. The readout IC was demonstrated with TSP having 31-drive and 15-sense electrodes.
Shifting the Logic: Losing Children’s Bodies

This article examines the Trump administration’s family separation immigration policy within the context of the logic of 21st-century capitalism. It suggests that the events related to the policy a...
Updating the Smart Grid Workforce Education and Training Process: An Interdisciplinary Approach

At the moment there is a need to connect long-term sustainability goals with immediate local and urban adaptation measures. Smart grid initiatives in general have become a popular means for cities to modernize their electrical infrastructure, yet have not thus far been connected to sustainability measures. Although the concept of smart grid is ambiguous, it generally refers to using IoT (Internet of Things), data, communications, and new methods and approaches to increase energy efficiency, thereby exuding a complimentary development to sustainability. At the center of this however is the need for smart workforce. Considering the ambiguity behind smart grid, this research seeks to specifically understand the workforce needs for implementing a smart grid initiative in a manner that helps connect to the long-term goals of global sustainable development. This paper uses a case study approach and focuses on the workforce needs of the City of Pittsburgh against its smart grid initiatives. It examines how although smart advances have been in the electrical field, that in order for today's smart grid initiatives to display increased efficiency, the WEAT programs behind smart need to be updated. The findings help to identify critical factors and skills that a smart grid workforce should encompass in order for meaningful sustainability goals to be achieved.
Group Work for All

As the leading journal in professional counseling addressing group work, it is imperative that The Journal for Specialists in Group Work (JSGW) cover a wide range of issues and address the various ...
A 40-Year-Old Woman with Chronic Recurrent Headache (Migraine)

Migraine is a common heritable disease, affecting 1 in 10 people worldwide. Migraine can present in a variety of ways and frequently goes undiagnosed and untreated for years. For some, migraine is an occasional nuisance, but for many more it is a life-long condition marked by exacerbations and remissions. Migraine is three times more common in women and tends to emerge or shift around hormonal milestones such as menarche, the birth of a child, or menopause. The pharmacologic management of migraine can be broken down into acute treatment and preventive therapy. A variety of FDA-approved and off-label pharmacologic treatments are available. With treatment, most patients do well.
Automorphism Groups of Quandles

We prove that the automorphism group of the dihedral quandle with n elements is isomorphic to the affine group of the integers mod n, and also obtain the inner automorphism group of this quandle. In [B. Ho and S. Nelson, Matrices and finite quandles, Homology Homotopy Appl.7(1) (2005) 197–208.], automorphism groups of quandles (up to isomorphisms) of order less than or equal to 5 were given. With the help of the software Maple, we compute the inner and automorphism groups of all seventy three quandles of order six listed in the appendix of [S. Carter, S. Kamada and M. Saito, Surfaces in 4-Space, Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 142, Low-Dimensional Topology, III (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004)]. Since computations of automorphisms of quandles relate to the problem of classification of quandles, we also describe an algorithm implemented in C for computing all quandles (up to isomorphism) of order less than or equal to nine.
Wiring logic of the early rodent olfactory system revealed by high-throughput sequencing of single neuron projections

Abstract The structure of neuronal connectivity often provides insights into the relevant stimulus features, such as spatial location, orientation, sound frequency, etc1–6. The olfactory system, however, appears to lack structured connectivity as suggested by reports of broad and distributed connections both from the olfactory bulb to the piriform cortex7–22 and within the cortex23–25. These studies have inspired computational models of circuit function that rely on random connectivity26–33. It remains, nonetheless, unclear whether the olfactory connectivity contains spatial structure. Here, we use high throughput anatomical methods (MAPseq and BARseq)34–38 to analyze the projections of 5,309 bulb and 30,433 piriform cortex output neurons in the mouse at single-cell resolution. We identify previously unrecognized spatial organization in connectivity along the anterior-posterior axis (A-P) of the piriform cortex. We find that both the bulb projections to the cortex and the cortical outputs are not random, but rather form gradients along the A-P axis. Strikingly, these gradients are matched: bulb neurons targeting a given location within the piriform cortex co-innervate extra-piriform regions that receive strong inputs from neurons within that piriform locus. We also identify signatures of local connectivity in the piriform cortex. Our findings suggest an organizing principle of matched direct and indirect olfactory pathways that innervate extra-piriform targets in a coordinated manner, thus supporting models of information processing that rely on structured connectivity within the olfactory system.
A volume-preserving reference map method for the level set representation

Abstract This paper presents an implicit interface representation, where the geometry is captured by a level set function and its deformations are reconstructed from diffeomorphism between the warped and original geometries (the reference map). A key advantage of this representation is that it provides a local estimation of numerical local mass losses. Using this metric, we design a novel projection for the reference map on the space of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms which results in enhanced, but inexact, mass conservation. In the limit of small deviations from this space, the projection is shown to be uniquely defined, and the correction can be computed as the solution of a Poisson problem. The method is analyzed and validated in two and three spatial dimensions. Both the theoretical and computational results show it excels at correcting the mass loss due to inaccuracy in the advection process or the velocity field. While this error reduction does not manifest for analytical problems, it is evident for practical applications such as the simulation of multiphase flows over long time intervals and offers improved computational exploration capabilities.
Characterization of in-situ ion irradiated Fe-21Cr-32Ni austenitic model alloy and alloy 800H at low doses

Abstract The microstructural evolution of ternary Fe-21Cr-32Ni (21Cr32Ni) model alloy and of alloy 800H was investigated with a series of in-situ ion irradiation experiments performed using the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope (IVEM)-Tandem Facility at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Samples were irradiated in-situ with 1 MeV Kr++ ions in the temperature range of 50K to 713K to doses up to 2 dpa. The size distribution of defect clusters, average defect cluster diameter, and defect cluster density were measured and compared. Results showed that the evolution of defects (i.e. the average defect cluster size and number density) in 21Cr32Ni model alloy and alloy 800H with dose were similar at irradiation temperatures up to 300K where they initially increased with dose up to 0.1 dpa after which no significant changes in defect size and density were observed with further irradiation. In addition, both alloys exhibited ordered defect structures along the direction at relatively low temperatures, up to 300K, which remained stable throughout post-irradiation in-situ thermal annealing up to a temperature of 773K. During irradiation at 713K, small defect clusters were observed at low doses (
Filter width affects the transmittance of patterned all-dielectric Fabry-Perot filters.

Thin-film all-dielectric Fabry–Perot filters can nowadays be patterned onto pixels of commercial imaging sensors used for spectral imaging. For these patterned filters, standard transfer-matrix thin-film calculations fail to predict their angular dependency. This Letter attributes the discrepancy to the finite filter size and is also, to my knowledge, the first study to analyze this for patterned all-dielectric Fabry–Perot filters. An angular spectrum approach that enables prediction without full knowledge of the filter design is introduced. In addition, the contribution of diffraction at normal incidence is characterized by a single dimensionless parameter. Knowing that patterned filter size matters and having a method to efficiently simulate its effect can guide ongoing miniaturization efforts and filter design.
Review of Interpreting Evidence, Evaluating Forensic Science in the Courtroom

Interpreting Evidence describes through logic and probability the interpretation of scientific evidence and how it should be presented in a court of law. It accurately and understandably illustrates the use of forensic evidence in conjunction with the other evidence in a case, rather than as an independent probability or value. The authors support the concept of the forensic scientist working in conjunction with the police and either the prosecution or defense. This would facilitate an understanding of the case as a whole and the alternative explanations or hypothesis for a particular piece of evidence. The book advocates allowing evidence to be expressed as a numerical value rather than in the form of probabilities. The authors describe how this method would apply to transfer evidence (including: fingerprint, glass, fibers, and firearms); blood and DNA; as well as to behavioral and handwriting evidence.
Superficial Femoral Artery Intervention: Creating an Algorithmic Approach for the Use of Old and Novel (Endovascular) Technologies.

Femoropopliteal (FP) disease is a common presentation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and a challenging anatomic region for durable treatment. Surgical bypass has historically been the primary therapeutic modality, but has been supplanted in the last decade by endovascular therapy, even with the most complex presentation of disease. Endovascular therapy has the advantage of a more favorable and rapid recovery, while preserving future treatment options. Endovascular management of FP disease, initially with “Plain Old” balloon angioplasty (POBA) has yielded over the years to bare metal stents (BMS), and more recently, to technologies seeking to limit BMS use due to difficult-to-treat patterns of in-stent restenosis (ISR). Despite a myriad number of endovascular devices and strategies, the approach to FP intervention lends itself to an algorithmic schema largely predicated on lesion length, severity of calcification, recanalization method, and clinical goals based upon individual patient status. In addition, treatment costs are a growing consideration in device selection. These criteria can be summarized into what we have termed as a “CADENCE” approach to treatment, an acronym representing the following factors: Clinical scenario, Anatomy, Device performance specifications, Experience/Ease, Novelty, Cost, and Evidence-base (Fig. 1). While the individual components of the CADENCE strategy are not always hierarchical, they combine to give a framework for reasonable interventional strategies for a given patient presentation and lesion appearance. Since there is a notable lack of prospective data for FP interventions, most notably with regard to direct device comparisons, actual practice is often experiential, and further data to guide optimal patient care are needed.
On the mechanism of ion exchange in zirconium phosphates—XXX: Exchange of silver ion on α-zirconium phosphate

Abstract Crystalline zirconium phosphate exchanges with silver ion from both acetate and nitrate solutions at room temperature. The exchange is nearly quantitative from acetate solutions as the pH of the solutions is relatively high. A single exchanged phase of composition Zr(AgPO 4 ) 2 ·H 2 O occurs over the entire range of loading. Heating the partially loaded exchanger to 200° produces phases of approximate composition ZrAg 0.22 H 1.78 (PO 4 ) 2 and ZrAg 0.75 H 1.25 (PO 4 ) 2 . These phases are isomorphous with the corresponding sodium ion phases. The affinity of zirconium phosphate for silver ion is greater than for any alkali metal cation.
The CNS-specific hyaluronan-binding protein BEHAB is expressed in ventricular zones coincident with gliogenesis

Hyaluronan (HA) is a ubiquitous component of extracellular matrices, and in several systems it plays a central role in regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation. Cell, or tissue,-specific functions of HA are likely to be mediated by cell, or tissue,-specific HA-binding proteins. We previously hyaluronan-binding protein from rat and cat (Jaworski et al., 1994). In view of the potential role of HA in neural differentiation, we examined the expression of BEHAB during late embryonic and early postnatal development of the rat. BEHAB is expressed at very high levels in ventricular zones throughout the neuraxis. Expression is first detected at embryonic day 15 (E15) in the spinal cord, and is detected at progressively more rostral levels at later ages. BEHAB expression, like other features of neural development, follows both caudal-to-rostral and ventral-to-dorsal gradients. The timing of BEHAB expression parallels the timing of the generation of glial cells. In all areas of the CNS examined, BEHAB expression begins after the peak of neurogenesis and coincident with gliogenesis. The regulation of proliferation and differentiation by HA in other tissues, together with the expression of BEHAB in zones of mitotic activity coincident with the generation of glia, suggests that the extracellular matrix protein encoded by BEHAB could play a role in the generation or differentiation of CNS glia.
Elastic and Excitation Electron Collisions with Atoms

Electron-atom (molecule) collision physics is concerned with the many processes (elastic scattering, momentum transfer, excitation, ionization, dissociation, etc.) that can take place as a result of such collisions. Instrumentation and experimental techniques for such studies have improved significantly in recent years, allowing more accurate electron collision measurements to be carried out. This progress has been motivated by the need for electron collision data for a variety of reasons, ranging from understanding the fundamental nature of the interactions to modeling the behavior of several physical systems (various discharge and laser systems, fusion plasmas) and environments (astrophysical plasmas, ionospheric and auroral processes of planetary atmospheres). At the same time, a great deal of progress has also been made in the theoretical area of collision physics, and the interplay between theory and experiments has further enhanced developments in this field.
Dimer impurity scattering, reconstructed Fermi-surface nesting, and density-wave diagnostics in iron pnictides

While the impurity-induced nanoscale electronic disorder has been extensively reported in the underdoped iron pnictides, its microscopic origins remain elusive. Recent scanning tunneling miscroscopy (STM) measurements reveal a dimer-type resonant structure induced by cobalt doping. These dimers are randomly distributed but uniformly aligned with the antiferromagnetic $a$ axis. A theory of the impurity-induced quasiparticle interference patterns is presented that shows the local density of states developing an oscillatory pattern characterized by both geometry and orbital content of the reconstructed Fermi pockets, occasioned by the pocket density-wave (PoDW) order along the $b$ axis. This pattern breaks the ${C}_{4}$ symmetry and its size and orientation compare well with the dimer resonances found in the STM experiments, hinting at the presence of a ``hidden'' PoDW order. More broadly, our theory spotlights such nanoscale structures as a useful diagnostic tool for various forms of order in iron pnictides.