cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient, profound cataract associated with intracameral 5-fluorouracil

Abstract Purpose To report a transient cataract after bleb needling and subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil. Design Observational case report. Methods A 51-year-old man had an encapsulated bleb after filtering surgery. The bleb was needled, and 5 mg of 5-fluorouracil was injected adjacent to the bleb. Results Within 5 minutes, vision fell to finger counting at 1 foot owing to anterior lens capsule opacification. The next day, acuity and lens clarity had returned to their preneedling status. Best-corrected acuity 7 months later was 20/15. Conclusion Entry of 5-fluorouracil into the anterior chamber after bleb needling can cause transient lens opacification. Recently, intracameral 5-fluorouracil was reported as a new treatment for epithelial ingrowth. Given the transient cataract observed in this case, the use of 5-fluorouracil for epithelial ingrowth should be considered with caution for phakic patients.
A note concerning reduced algebraic numbers and equivalence of binary forms

Abstract In an earlier paper (J. Wolfskill, J. Number Theory 16 (1983), 205–211) a method was given to determine whether or not two binary forms are equivalent by examining the corresponding problem for the roots. The latter problem was solved, in the case that each form has a real root, by applying the theory of reduced algebraic numbers. However, there are two important problems remaining to be resolved concerning the effectiveness of this method. The first is to show that a given real algebraic number reduces in a bounded (effectively computable) number of steps. The second is to determine under what conditions a form of even degree can be equivalent to its negative. These two problems are solved in this paper.
Putting theory into practice to build knowledge management systems

This article describes our process for putting theory into practice to build knowledge management systems. We begin by discussing our definition of knowledge management and describe our theoretical foundation for developing systemic solutions for organizations to manage their knowledge. Next, we describe our process for creating a knowledge management strategy and how we design the technological aspects of a knowledge management system that will enable organizations to achieve their knowledge management strategy. We also describe how we provide training on the completed system and the organizational development interventions necessary to ensure that management and the members of the organization support the strategy. We conclude by providing an example scenario to illustrate how the resulting knowledge management system would operate in an organization’s work environment.
Reduction in plasma cell proliferation after initial therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma measures treatment response and predicts improved survival

Standard myeloma treatment response criteria are determined principally by changes in the monoclonal protein. Reduction in the size of the proliferative component of malignant plasma cells may be an additional metric of assessing response to therapy. We retrospectively analyzed 176 patients with newly diagnosed myeloma with a measurable plasma cell labeling index (PCLI) at diagnosis and repeat measurement 4 months after initiation of therapy. PCLI response was defined as a ≥ 60% reduction. Baseline PCLI is an independent prognostic factor; therefore, we categorized patients into 3 groups: PCLI ≥ 3% (high), ≥ 1% (intermediate), and < 1% (low). Patients achieving a greater PCLI response had improved median overall survival of 54 months compared with 29 months in nonresponders (P = .02). Improved median overall survival with PCLI response occurred in the high initial PCLI group (28 vs 7 months; P = .003) and intermediate group (64 vs 24 months; P = .002). The application of PCLI response and serum M-spike response together provided further prognostic information. On multivariate analysis, the prognostic value of PCLI response was independent of β(2)-microglobulin, elevated creatinine, serum M-spike response, and baseline PCLI. We conclude that a significant reduction in plasma cell proliferation in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma is an important predictor of survival.
Regulatory barriers to pain management

OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of relevant federal and state policies, as well as recommendations for identifying and addressing barriers to the treatment of cancer and non-cancer pain. DATA SOURCES Review of federal and state statutes and medical board guidelines. CONCLUSIONS There has been an increase in pain-related policies since the mid 1980s, with recent years showing a significant amount of policy development and adoption. However, a variety of laws and policies contain provisions that have the potential to discourage the use of opioid analgesics for the relief of pain. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The evaluation and treatment of patients with cancer and non-cancer pain can be enhanced by a knowledge of the specific restrictions of controlled substances statutes and practice guidelines. In this way, there will be less chance for nurses to practice outside established legal parameters.
alpha A-crystallin messenger RNA of the mouse lens: more noncoding than coding sequences

The 14S messenger RNA (1300 to 1500 nucleotides) for the alpha A chain of alpha-crystallin of the mammalian lens is nearly three times larger than required to code for the polypeptide that contains 173 amino acids. As a means of accounting for this anomaly, a complementary DNA clone for the mouse alpha A-crystallin messenger RNA was constructed in pBR322 and sequenced. Derivation of the protein sequence from the nucleic acid sequence showed that mouse alpha A-crystallin is similar to that of other organisms. The messenger RNA contains 536 nucleotides located on the 3' side of the coding region, excluding the polyadenylate stretch. This 3' sequence does not encode any other crystallin and has multiple termination codons in the three possible reading frames.
Effect of Magnetic Insoles on Postural Sway Measures in Men and Women during a Static Balance Test

Numerous anecdotal reports have suggested a growing public enthusiasm for magnetic devices for treatment of pain and various motor and sensory dysfunctions Although the principles behind magnetic therapy are well documented, a complete technical explanation of whether static magnet application is effective is lacking due to a paucity of scientific research. In this study the effectiveness of magnetic insoles on postural sway measures during a single application were investigated Twenty-eight adults (14 old, 14 young) were assessed on postural sway measures while performing a static two-legged stance test on a Kistler force platform under two treatment conditions (magnetic insoles, nonmagnetic insoles) Significant reductions in total sway area and lateral sway scores were obtained by the older adults while standing on the magnetic insoles. These preliminary results indicate that treatment of postural instability using magnetic insoles may be a viable alternative for older adults.
Functionalized polycarbonate derived from tartaric acid: enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of a seven-membered cyclic carbonate.

Enantiomerically pure functional polycarbonate was synthesized from a novel seven-membered cyclic carbonate monomer derived from naturally occurring l-tartaric acid. The monomer was synthesized in three steps and screened for polymerization with four commercially available lipases from different sources at 80 °C, in bulk. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) was affected by the source of the enzyme; the highest number-average molecular weight, Mn = 15500 g/mol (PDI = 1.7; [α]D20 = +77.8, Tm = 58.8 °C) optically active polycarbonate was obtained with lipase Novozyme-435. The relationship between monomer conversion, reaction time, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution were investigated for Novozyme-435 catalyzed ROP. Deprotection of the ketal groups was achieved with minimal polymer chain cleavage (Mn = 10000 g/mol, PDI = 2.0) and resulted in optically pure polycarbonate ([α]D20 = +56) bearing hydroxy functional groups. Deprotected poly(ITC) shows Tm of 60.2 °C and ΔHf = 69.56 J/g and similar...
Pleckstrin homology domains: not just for phosphoinositides

PH domains (pleckstrin homology domains) are the 11th most common domain in the human genome and are best known for their ability to target cellular membranes by binding specifically to phosphoinositides. Recent studies in yeast have shown that, in fact, this is a property of only a small fraction of the known PH domains. Most PH domains are not capable of independent membrane targeting, and those capable of doing so (approx. 33%) appear, most often, to require both phosphoinositide and non-phosphoinositide determinants for their subcellular localization. Several recent studies have suggested that small GTPases such as ARF family proteins play a role in defining PH domain localization. Some others have described a signalling role for PH domains in regulating small GTPases, although phosphoinositides may also play a role. These findings herald a change in our perspective of PH domain function, which will be significantly more diverse than previously supposed.
Kindling and second messengers: an approach to the neurobiology of recurrence in bipolar disorder

Since bipolar disorder is inherently a longitudinal illness characterized by recurrence and cycling of mood episodes, neurobiological theories involving kindlinglike phenomena appear to possess a certain explanatory power. An approach to understanding kindlinglike phenomena at the molecular level has been made possible by advances in research on second-messenger systems in the brain. The time frame of interest has shifted from the microseconds of presynaptic events to hours, days, months, and even years in the longer duration of events beyond the synapse--through second messengers, gene regulation, and synthesis of long-acting trophic factors. These complex interlocking systems may explain how environmental stress could interact over time with genetic vulnerability to produce illness. In its two sections, this paper will review an approach to understanding two major aspects of the neurobiology of bipolar disorder: kindling phenomena and second-messenger mechanisms. We will suggest that these two fields of research together help explain the biology of recurrence.
Foraging by a generalist grasshopper : The distance between food resources influences diet mixing and growth rate (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The grasshopper, Schistocerca americana, grew better on a mixture of cotton and kale than on either alone. When the two foods were placed in close proximity, growth rates were similar among individuals, but when they were 20 cm apart growth rates were extremely variable among individuals. Behavioral analyses showed that distance influenced the dietary mixing behavior of individuals. Foods close together were sampled more often and there were more meals that included both food types. When foods were distant, individuals tended to stay for relatively long periods at one or the other; when on cotton, this resulted in more feeding on cotton, which was an inferior food. Individuals varied in the extent to which they were constrained by the distance between the two foods. Those that moved between the foods less and therefore mixed less seemed to grow less well, suggesting the possibility of a trade-off between active foraging and behavior associated with predator avoidance.
Performance-Driven Partitioning Using a Replication Graph Approach

An efficient algorithm is proposed to tackle the performance-driven partitioning problem using retiming and replication. We devise a replication graph to model the composite effect of replication and retiming. With the replication graph, we formulate the problem as an integer linear programming problem. A heuristic algorithm is derived to solve the problem by exploring the dual program of its linear programming relaxation.
Relation between rat slow alpha-2-globulin and alpha-2-macroglobulin of other mammals.

SLOW alpha2-globulin1 (SA2G) of the rat is a peculiar serum protein in that it is absent from the serum of the normal, non-pregnant adult rat1–4 but appears in a number of conditions, including the foetal and neonatal states3–5, during pregnancy2–6, during neoplastic growth2–4,6–9, after interference with the kidney10,11 and other conditions12. On the other hand, alpha2-macroglobulin13 (A2MG) is a protein found in the sera of normal, non-pregnant humans14–16 and other mammals17–21 but not in the mouse (ref. 22 and my unpublished work). There are indications in the literature that the two materials may be similar despite the divergent situation in the adult.
Absorption coefficients for hydrogen: I. Composition

Abstract Tables and graphs of the number densities of H, H + , e - , H 2 , H - , H 2 + , and H 3 + in a hydrogen gas or plasma in thermodynamic equilibrium were computed for temperatures from 300 to 40 000°K and pressure from 1.013 × 10 5 N/m 2 (1 atm) to 1.013 × 10 8 N/m 2 (1000 atm) except for a small, high-density region. For temperatures above 2000°K, the Debye-Huckel approximation was employed. The ion H 3 + had not been included in previous calculations and was found to cause large increases in e - and H - number densities at small degrees of ionizatio. In computing the H 2 + and H 2 partition functions, use was made of complete tables of rotational term values for the ground electronic states. The rotational term value table for H 2 is included. The relative positions of H 2 singlet and triplet states were redetermined. Morse potentials are given for all singly excited attractive states of H 2 with principal quantum number up to 17. The results in this paper are believed to be the most accurate available.
Effect of antithyroid compounds on the deiodination of thyroxine in the rat.

Sixty compounds were tested for their capacity to inhibit the deiodination of thyroxine. Most of these compounds had antithyroid activity and others were structurally related. Estradiol, testosterone, cortisone and salicylate were tested because of their possible importance in deiodination. Sixteen compounds were found to inhibit the deiodination of thyroxine, and 5-n-propyl-2- thiouracil was the most effective of all. Sodium salicylate increased the deiodination of thyroxine. The effectiveness in inhibiting deiodination of thyroxine did not correlate with antithyroid activity.
THE COMBUSTION OF ZIRCONIUM IN OXYGEN

Abstract The combustion of zirconium in oxygen leads to one of the highest temperatures obtainable by the combustion of metals. This temperature has been estimated from available thermodynamic data to be 4930°K at 1·0 atm pressure. A technique has been developed which enables a powdered zirconium-oxygen flame to be operated, thus producing the highest metal flame temperature reported to date.
Cooperation between bound waters and hydroxyls in controlling isotope-exchange rates

Mineral oxides differ from aqueous ions in that the bound water molecules are usually attached to different metal centers, or vicinal, and thus separated from one another. In contrast, for most mon ...
Complex halides of the transition metals. Part XVI. the octahalodirhenate(III) anions. Reactions with the bidentate donors 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane and 2,2′-bipyridyl

Abstract The reaction of the salts [Bu 4 N] 2 Re 2 X 8 , where X = Cl or Br, with 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, abbreviated dppe, affords the halogen-bridged dimers [ReX 3 (dppe)] 2 which contain magnetically dilute rhenium(III) centers. The properties of these complexes are contrasted with those found for the related 2,5- dithiahexane complexes [ReX 3 (DTH)] 2 in which the dominant structural feature is a strong rhenium-rhenium bond. The reaction of [Bu 4 N] 2 Re 2 Cl 8 with 2,2′-bipyridyl in n-butanol leads to the formation of unreduced and reduced phases, whose stoichiometries approach [ReCl 3 (bipy),3/2H 2 O] n and [ReCl 2·5 (bipy),3/8C 4 H 9 OH] n respectively, but which do not structurally resemble the analogous complexes with dppe or DTH.
Real-Time Power System Dynamics Simulation Using a Parallel Block-Jacobi Preconditioned Newton-GMRES Scheme

Real-time dynamics simulation of large-scale power systems is a computational challenge because of the need to solve a large set of stiff, nonlinear differential-algebraic equations. The main bottleneck in these simulations is the solution of the linear system during each nonlinear iteration of Newton's method. We present a parallel linear solution scheme using the Krylov subspace-based iterative solver GMRES with a BlockJacobi preconditioner. The scheme shows promise for real-time dynamics simulation, with a good speed up for a 2383-bus, 327-generator test case. Results obtained for both stable and unstable operating conditions show that real-time simulation speed can be realized by using the proposed parallel linear solution scheme.
The Use and Interpretation of Competing Risks Regression Models

Purpose: Competing risks observations, in which patients are subject to a number of potential failure events, are a feature of most clinical cancer studies. With competing risks, several modeling approaches are available to evaluate the relationship of covariates to cause-specific failures. We discuss the use and interpretation of commonly used competing risks regression models. Experimental Design: For competing risks analysis, the influence of covariate can be evaluated in relation to cause-specific hazard or on the cumulative incidence of the failure types. We present simulation studies to illustrate how covariate effects differ between these approaches. We then show the implications of model choice in an example from a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) clinical trial for prostate cancer. Results: The simulation studies illustrate that, depending on the relationship of a covariate to both the failure type of principal interest and the competing failure type, different models can result in substantially different effects. For example, a covariate that has no direct influence on the hazard of a primary event can still be significantly associated with the cumulative probability of that event, if the covariate influences the hazard of a competing event. This is a logical consequence of a fundamental difference between the model formulations. The example from RTOG similarly shows differences in the influence of age and tumor grade depending on the endpoint and the model type used. Conclusions: Competing risks regression modeling requires that one considers the specific question of interest and subsequent choice of the best model to address it. Clin Cancer Res; 18(8); 2301–8. ©2012 AACR .
Biochemical studies on the origin of the ATPase of the avian myeloblastosis virus

The adenosine triphosphatase activity of the avian myeloblastosis virus obtained from the blood of the virus-infected chicken was compared with that of the host cell myeloblasts. The specific activity of the viral enzyme is unusually higher than that of the myeloblasts. A significant difference in inhibitor sensitivity was observed with quercetin. When the virus was grown in chicken embryonic fibroblasts in culture, the resulting virus showed very little adenosine triphosphatase activity, comparable to that of the fibroblasts and similar sensitivity to inhibitors. Antibody raised against the purified enzyme of avian myeloblastosis virus inhibits the enzyme activity of the myeloblasts while the activity of the fibroblasts enzyme as well as that of fibroblast-grown virus remains unaffected.
Fetal heart rate changes associated with sequential selective laser surgery for twin-twin transfusion syndrome

To investigate perioperative changes in fetal heart rate (FHR) associated with sequential vs standard selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels for the treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Women with TTTS were treated with the intent of using the sequential procedure. Those who failed this treatment were categorized as having undergone the standard procedure. Pre- and postoperative FHR of donor and recipient fetuses were analyzed. Of 98 women, 35 received the standard technique. A postoperative drop in the mean donor FHR was observed in gestations receiving the standard laser, but not in those receiving the sequential technique. In multivariable models that included operative and gestational characteristics, the use of the sequential treatment was associated with improved stability of the FHR of the donor twin. The stability in donor FHR following sequential laser ablation when compared with the standard technique is consistent with improved donor hemodynamics.
Achieving Querencia: Integrating a Sense of Place With Disciplined Thinking

AbstractThe Spanish word querencia, evocative of how feelings and deepest beliefs attach the self to place (Lopez, 1992), invites the rediscovery of the meaning of equity as a reciprocal relationship between peoples and the landscapes they inhabit. This article begins with an exploration of a concept of “reciprocal equity,” cultivated by achieving such a sense of place, in contrast with the tradition of “competitive equity,” pursued in ending disparities of achievement in traditional disciplines. Acceptance of the importance of reciprocal equity brings to focus the divergent purposes of education when studying places and disciplines. Places and disciplines hold in common the value of coherence, yet each coheres in its own fashion, places emphasizing personal experience and commitment to community, and disciplines stressing conceptual progress and explanatory ideals. Nevertheless, the shared concern for coherence suggests the potential to reconcile their divergent purposes and integrate a sense of place wi...
Fabrication of superhydrophobic polyurethane/organoclay nano-structured composites from cyclomethicone-in-water emulsions

Abstract Nano-structured polyurethane/organoclay composite films were fabricated by dispersing moisture-curable polyurethanes and fatty amine/amino-silane surface modified montmorillonite clay (organoclay) in cyclomethicone-in-water emulsions. Cyclomethicone Pickering emulsions were made by emulsifying decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D 5 ), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D 6 ) and aminofunctional siloxane polymers with water using montmorillonite particles as emulsion stabilizers. Polyurethane and organoclay dispersed emulsions were spray coated on aluminum surfaces. Upon thermosetting, water repellent self-cleaning coatings were obtained with measured static water contact angles exceeding 155° and low contact angle hysteresis (
Neutron diffraction and electrical transport studies on the incommensurate magnetic phase transition in holmium at high pressures.

Neutron diffraction and electrical transport measurements have been made on the heavy rare earth metal holmium at high pressures and low temperatures in order to elucidate its transition from a paramagnetic (PM) to a helical antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordered phase as a function of pressure. The electrical resistance measurements show a change in the resistance slope as the temperature is lowered through the antiferromagnetic Neel temperature. The temperature of this antiferromagnetic transition decreases from approximately 122 K at ambient pressure at a rate of -4.9 K GPa(-1) up to a pressure of 9 GPa, whereupon the PM-to-AFM transition vanishes for higher pressures. Neutron diffraction measurements as a function of pressure at 89 and 110 K confirm the incommensurate nature of the phase transition associated with the antiferromagnetic ordering of the magnetic moments in a helical arrangement and that the ordering occurs at similar pressures as determined from the resistance results for these temperatures.
Raman probe of the large wavevector TA phonon bottleneck in GaAs

Abstract We have probed the modes, frequencies and populations of non-equilibrium large wave-vector TA phonons in GaAs, participating in the bottleneck in decay at low temperature. The excess phonons were generated as a by-product of intense pulsed Nd:YA1G laser excitation of electrons from deep traps, and were probed in situ by 90° second-order Raman scattering of the same laser beam.
Effect of machine parameters on polymer die attach dispense and a method to optimize them

ABSTRACT For consistent optimum electrical performance of a pressure sensor device, the die-attach process is verycritical. A polymer adhesive is used for attaching the pressure sensor die to the plastic package. The polymerdispense process depends on the machine (die bonder) set up variables. The significant machine set up variableswere the time of dispense, the pressure of dispense, and, the gap between the dispense nozzle and the surface ofdispense. A response surface design model was used to fmd the relation between the machine set up variables andthe response surface variables. It was found that the time of dispense, the interaction of the time and gap, squareof time were the important variables that affect the result of dispense. A process window for machine set up variables were found to achieve optimum and consistent adhesive dispense. Key Words: pressure sensors, die attach, polymer adhesive dispense, machine set up variables, responsesurface design method, process window1. INTRODUCTIONThe pressure sensors are used in many applications ranging from health care, automotive, telecommunications,environmental engineering, industrial monitoring, and,
On residuals and their autocorrelations in fitted time series models

Summary When discrete autoregressive-moving average time series are fitted by least squares, both the residuals and their autocorrelations are for large n representable as singular linear transformations of the true errors (or white noise) and their autocomlations, respectively, and the matrices of these transformations arc both of the form I-X(X'X)-1X, where the rank of X is the number of parameters estimated. However, the large-sample properties of these two sets of statistics are fundamentally different, a phenomenon which is of considerable importance for the use of the residual autocorrelations in performing tests of fit of these models.
Incidence and Identification of Phospholipase C-Producing Bacteria in Fresh and Spoiled Homogenized Milk

Bacteria which produced phospholipase C were isolated from 13 of 34 fresh and 15 of 35 spoiled samples of homogenized milk. No single off flavor was assigned consistently to samples with phospholipase producers, but 75% of them were bitter. Pseudomonads constituted 62% of the isolates. Other phospholipase C-producing genera and their numbers were Acinetobacter, two; Alcaligenes, three; Bacillus, two; Citrobacter, one; Enterobacter, three; and Flavobacterium, two. Two unidentified yeasts also were isolated.
Determining 234Th and 238U in rocks, soils, and sediments via the doublet gamma at 92.5 keV

Efficient and accurate measurements of uranium (U) and U-series radionuclides in earth's materials are needed to assess its environmental impact, reconstruct geochemical histories, and quantify heat production in the crust. To date, measurements of 234Th and 238U by gamma spectrometry have relied on the quantification of 234Th gamma emissions at ∼63 keV (absolute intensity = 3.7%) and the 234mPa gamma at 1001 keV (absolute intensity = 0.84%). However, use of the 63 keV emissions can be hampered by 232Th interferences and self absorption, and the 1001 keV photon has a very low yield. Here we describe the effective use of the 234Th doublet gamma emission at ∼92.5 keV (total absolute intensity = 4.8%) for 234Th and 238U measurements. This doublet has been largely ignored because of its proximity to the Th Kα1 (93.3 keV) and thus its vulnerability to a Th self-fluorescence interference. We demonstrate that additions of U and 40K to a Th ore sample do not increase the count rate at 92–93 keV above that which would be expected from the associated additions of U and 234Th. We also show that the Th self-fluorescence interference appears to be an anomaly associated only with the analysis of relatively thick (>1 mm) Th minerals, and suggest that fluorescence will not complicate the 92–93 keV region in most environmental samples. A review of decay data reveals that Th Kα1 X-rays associated with the decay of 235U and 228Ac can significantly interfere with quantification of the 92.5 keV 234Th doublet. We show that simple experimentally-derived correction factors for these X-rays can be used to accurately determine 234Th using its strongest gammas, resulting in higher count rates and smaller self-absorption corrections relative to the traditional analytical lines. Total 1σ analytical error associated with U measurements at 92.5 keV ranged from 1 to 9% and is dominated by the relative size of the 228Ac interference. Detection limits for U in environmental samples using this technique are on the order of 50 ppb.
Can the lunatics actually take over the asylum?: Reconfiguring subjectivity and neo-liberal governance in contemporary British drug treatment policy

Health crises have historically served as moments for the transformation of the role of the liberal state. At various points in the history of the 20th century, whether it was panic over venereal disease or tuberculosis, the state has—taken the role of setting public health policies that define, regulate and govern the practices of its citizens. In the 1980s, the threat of AIDS brought about one such reconfiguration. It forced a significant re-evaluation of the state’s policies and practices surrounding injection drug use and its proven correlation to the transmission of blood-borne disease. This paper will assess how the onset of AIDS as a public health emergency in the UK led to a re-evaluation of how the state, under Prime Minister Thatcher, defined the practice of drug use and how drug users were then redefined within those parameters. Through participant observation, interviews and an examination of government documents, I demonstrate how this particular reconfiguration illuminates new technologies of governance that not only attempt to regulate the practices of drug users, but also how those very technologies set the contemporary conditions for drug users to demand a participatory role in service provision and state policy formation. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nontraditional Participation in Disaster Recovery Planning: Cases From China, India, and the United States

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Stakeholder participation facilitates efficient identification of recovery needs, dynamic exchange of information, and consolidation of diverse perspective...
Finite matrix topologies

Abstract A filter F of positive-primitive formulae may be used to give a right R-module M R the structure M F of a topological abelian group. The topology is called a finite matrix topology if every finite matrix subgroup of M R is closed in M F . It is shown that the pure-injective envelope is functorial on the subcategory of modules for which M F is dense in its pure-injective envelope. We call a right R-module almost pure-injective if there is a filter F with respect to which the topological abelian group M F is dense in its pure-injective envelope [ PE ( M ) ] F . In that case, every R-endomorphism of PE ( M R ) is determined by its restriction to M R . When M = R R , this gives the pure-injective envelope PE ( R R ) a ring structure extending that of R, and the proof of this result suggests that this ring is the pure variation of the ring of quotients of a nonsingular ring.
Impacts of the U.S.‐Canadian Potash Dispute on the Costs of U.S. Crop Production

The 1987 U.S. antidumping case against Canadian potash producers has had a significant impact on the production costs of major potash-using crops in the United States. This paper examines these impacts for selected U. S. crops by way of a counterfactual analysis. A transfer function is used to model retail potash prices and the change in the series resulting from the case. Results indicate that expenditures on potash by U. S. farmers increased by an average US $ 0.08 per acre for wheat to US $ 1.78 for potatoes during 1988–92 (July-June). Overall, total U.S. potash expenditures increased by an estimated US $ 629.1 million over this period as a result of the antidumping case. Le cas americain « anti-dumping » 1987 contre les producteurs canadiens depotasse aeuun effet majeur sur le cout de production des produits agricoles utilisant intensivement de la potasse awe Etats-Unis. Cet article evalue ces effets pour certains cultures americaines avec une analyse contrefactuel. Un fonction a transfert est developpe pour analyser les prix de vente au detail de la potasse et le changement des prix resultant. Les resultats indiquent que les frais d'achats depotasse par les producteurs americains augmentaient d'une moyenne de 0,08 $ E-U par acre pour le blea une moyenne de 1,78 $ E-Upour les pommes de terres pendant 1988–1992 (juillet-juin). En somme, l'augmentation des depenses americains totales pour la potasse est estimea 629,1 millions de $ E-U durant cette periode en consequence de l'affaire » antidumping «.
The Prediction of Yarn Tensile Properties by Using Artificial Neural Networks

This paper presents an artificial-neural-net model for predicting yarn tensile properties. A single hidden-layer neural network trained by using the back-propagation algorithm performs a functional mapping between material properties, process variables, and the resulting yarn tensile properties. The material and process variables, namely, yarn count, blend, and front- and back-nozzle pressures on an air-jet spinning machine, arc correlated with the experimentally determined yarn properties: breaking load and breaking elongation. The neural net was trained and then used to predict the tensile properties of yarns. The errors of prediction were low despite the availability of only a relatively small data set for training, and in each ease the prediction error was less than the standard deviation of experimentation. Use of the cross-validation technique ensured that the neural net obtained a generalized mapping of the inputs and outputs.
Substituent Effects upon Protonation-Induced Red Shift of Phenyl−Pyridine Copolymers

Ab initio methods are used to probe the underlying source of the red shift that arises in the absorption band of polymers that contain alternating phenyl and pyridine rings when the N atom of the latter is protonated. It is found that electronic charge transfers from the phenyl to the pyridine as an electron is excited from the HOMO to the LUMO in the protonated system but that no such transfer occurs if the N is unprotonated. Replacement of H atoms by cyano groups reinforces the idea that such an electron-withdrawing substituent facilitates the electron transfer when it is located on the pyridine ring, thereby stabilizing the excited state and thus enhancing the associated red shift; the opposite occurs when cyano is located on the phenyl ring. Unlike cyano and Cl, substitution by F and nitro groups leads to a less consistent pattern of absorption frequencies, suggesting that the effects of these substituents are not simply electrostatic in nature.
Characterization of a new flavin metabolite from human urine.

Abstract A new flavin metabolite comprising approximately 5% of the total flavin of human urine was isolated and characterized using absorption and fluorescence specta, oxidation-reduction and hydrolysis data, and ninhydrin reactions. The flavin is a derivative associated with a peptide residue in ester linkage from an amino acid carboxyl to the ribityl chain fo riboflavin, probably at the 5−terminus.
Sponsorship ambushing in sport

Ambushing occurs when a company that has no formal rights as an official sponsor, associates its own brand with a sport event with the intention of communicating the false impression that it is a sponsor. The article identifies and discusses seven potential ambush opportunities. The extent to which ambushing is effective is reviewed. Official sponsors receive little legal protection from ambushing, so they have to develop market strategies to counter it and three are presented here. The paper concludes with a discussion of the ethics of ambushing.
Defect stream function, law-of-the-wall/wake method for turbulent boundary layers

The application of the defect stream function to the solution of the two-dimensional, incompressible boundary layer problem is reexamined. A law-of-the-wall/law-of-the-wake formulation for the inner part of the boundary layer is presented which greatly simplifies the computational task near the wall and eliminates the need for an eddy viscosity model in this region. The eddy viscosity model in the outer part of the boundary layer is arbitrary. Formulations for both equilibrium and nonequilibrium boundary layers are presented, and results are compared with previous methods for equilibrium boundary layers. A formulation for primitive variables is presented. The present treatments eliminate the need for resolving the flow in the inner part of the boundary layer computationally, thereby improving computational efficiency.
Time-dependent sorption on geological materials

Abstract Fenske, P.R., 1979. Time-dependent sorption on geological materials. In: W. Back and D.A. Stephenson (Guest-Editors), Contemporary Hydrogeology — The George Burke Maxey Memorial Volume. J. Hydrol., 43: 415-425. The transport of radionuclides through geologic materials has been predicted using the assumption that sorption on rocks along the transport path occurs instantaneously. This assumption is valid if equilibrium sorption is reached rapidly relative to groundwater velocity. Laboratory experiments with large pieces of rock and also varying particle sizes indicate that equilibrium: sorption may be reached too slowly under some conditions for the assumption of instantaneous sorption to be valid. An empirical equation has been devised from the laboratory experiments, to describe the time-dependent sorption process for 137 Cs on breccia and andesite. The hypothetical example is then worked out for flow through granular materials (pebble and cobble size) and flow through fractured rocks considering a time-dependent sorption. Dispersion is not considered in this analysis. The hypothetical prediction shows that for usual groundwater velocities, transport considering time-dependent sorption is not significantly greater than transport assuming equilibrium sorption. At velocities of groundwater above 30.5 cm/hr: (1ft./1 hr.) the effect of the time-dependent sorption term can easily be seen in the analysis. The analysis also shows that sorption during transport through granular (pebble and cobble size) materials is less, with less retardation, than sorption during transport through fractured rocks. This is because the mass of rock/volume of water ratio is far greater in fractured materials than in granular materials. Consideration of time-dependent sorption will probably not increase predictive capability for radionuclide transport.
Development of functionally competent cabbage looper moth sex pheromone glands

Abstract Unlike some moths, pheromone production in Trichoplusia ni is not regulated by a pheromone activating neuropeptide. Rather, competency to produce pheromone apparently is linked with changes in the ecdysteroid titer that occur late in metamorphosis. In contrast to adult pheromone glands, glands from pharate adults 2 days before eclosion were non-competent, and (1) had undetectable levels of the pheromone, ( Z )-7-dodecenyl acetate, and pheromone-specific intermediates, (2) showed little or no conversion of radiolabeled substrate to product in enzyme assays of fatty acid synthetase, Δ11 desaturase, and acetyltransferase, and (3) failed to incorporate radiolabeled acetate into pheromone in gland culture. Glands 1 day before adult eclosion exhibited low titers of pheromone and the intermediate, ( Z )-11-hexadecenoate, and showed low levels of radiolabeled acetate incorporation into pheromone in gland culture. By the time of adult eclosion, the gland was fully competent. Precocious development of pheromone gland competency was induced by removing the head and thorax from pupae 2 days before adult eclosion. This effect appears to result from the reduction of ecdysteroid, since it was blocked by the administration of 20-hydroxyecdysone. This ability to manipulate the development of the pheromone gland was restricted to a critical period, since removal of head and thorax from younger pupae did not induce pheromone gland competency, and administration of 20-hydroxyecdysone to older pupae did not block its onset. In addition to differences in competency, early pharate and adult glands exhibited dissimilarities with respect to (1) the types of proteins synthesized in gland culture, and (2) the types of proteins translated from mRNA in vitro .
ON SEMIOTICS AND SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

The place of semiotics within symbolic interactionist thought is discussed. The works of Barthes and Baudrillard are examined in terms of their implications for (1) an interactionist theory of the cultural object and (2) an interpretation of consumer relations in the postmodern period. The narrative texts of advertisements for Jack Daniel's Whiskey** and Dewar's White Label Scotch*** are analyzed in terms of the political economy of the sign suggested by Baudrillard and Barthes. The implications of this analysis for the symbolic interactionist theory of the object and language are discussed. The subject matter that now confronts us supersedes symbolic interaction; rather it is the process surrounding the autonomization of signs; signs that stand for—and refer to—nothing but themselves.
Should quality measures for lymph node dissection in colon cancer be extrapolated to rectal cancer

Abstract Background A minimum of 12 lymph nodes has been endorsed as a quality measure to confirm node-negative colon cancer, but its relevance to early-stage rectal cancer is unclear. Methods Patients with stage I or II rectal cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results tumor registries from 1998 to 2002 were identified. Patients were grouped by the number of lymph nodes sampled. Groups were compared for patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and 5-year overall survival. Results Of the 6,214 patients (57% men) identified, only 33% had ≥12 lymph nodes examined in the surgical specimen. Multivariate analysis identified sex, race, age, T stage, and number of lymph nodes examined as independent predictors of 5-year overall survival. Conclusions Five-year overall survival improved as the number of sampled nodes increased. A thorough lymphadenectomy should routinely be performed to optimize staging and to improve survival of patients with early-stage rectal cancer.
Towards task-centered network models through semantic workflows

Virtual organizations conduct network operations by executing complex tasks over resources that are distributed and vulnerable to attack. Current network models do not have a task-oriented representation of the mission, which is crucial to manage the accomplishment of mission goals while ongoing attacks and deception are occurring in the network. We describe a new approach to model high-level tasks to be accomplished in the network through semantic workflows. The system can then map tasks dynamically to logical and physical resources in the network, and reassign those mappings if any resources are compromised.
Immunocytochemical studies of cells in the rat adenohypophysis containing both ACTH and FSH

STUDIES by Siperstein et al.1,2 first described the cytology of the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) cell in the rat adenohypophysis. This cell is stellate and contains peripherally organised granules averaging 220 µm in diameter. Their cytological work was confirmed in later immunocyto-chemical studies in our laboratory3–5, in which ACTH was localised in the secretory granules of cells of this type. In our recent immunocytochemical studies of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) cells, however, FSH was found in a cell which resembled the ACTH cell. We termed this cell the Type III gonadotroph6,7. Here we describe studies designed to test the specificity of the reaction for FSH in this cell type, and the relationship between the Type III gonadotroph and the cell containing ACTH.
Female Syrian golden hamster: drinking of high concentrations of ethanol aversive to other mammals

The present experiments were designed to determine: 1) the pattern of preference for different concentrations of ethanol in the female Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), and 2) the influence of drinking ethanol on their intakes of food and total calories. A standard three-bottle preference test was undertaken in six female hamsters over an 11-day period in which water was offered together with ethanol, which was increased in concentration over 11 days from 3% to 50% as follows: 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 12%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%. Then, each hamster was offered its individually preferred concentration for a period of 8 days until the intake of ethanol had stabilized. During the preference testing for 3-25% solutions, the proportional intakes ranged between 0.6 and 0.8 whereas the mean absolute amount consumed per day increased from 2.3 to 16.1 g/kg at the 25% concentration. However, at the 50% concentration, ethanol drinking declined substantially to 8.7 g/kg per day. The overall mean percent concentration of ethanol preferred by the hamsters was 24.2 +/- 1.5%. During the following 8-day period when the maximally preferred concentration of ethanol of each hamster was offered with water, the mean intake of ethanol was 17.9 +/- 1.1 g/kg per day. Throughout the test sequence, the caloric intake of the animals was maintained in that calories obtained from food declined at the same rate as the calories obtained from ethanol in rising concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Application of Intermaxillary Fixation Screws in Maxillofacial Trauma

Purpose The use of intermaxillary fixation (IMF) in the treatment of maxillofacial trauma represents the cornerstone of fracture reduction and immobilization. Many modalities of IMF have been described; recently IMF screws have been introduced into clinical practice, however, hardware failure can occur. We performed a retrospective study evaluating hardware-associated complications for self-drilling/tapping IMF screws. Materials and Methods A retrospective study on 49 patients requiring IMF was performed. The diagnosis, duration of IMF, screw site, use of elastic or wire fixation, and associated complications were recorded. IMF screws were used to adjunct open reduction techniques, for definitive closed reduction, or fracture prevention following dentoalveolar surgery. Follow-up examinations were performed until fracture healing was complete (6 to 8 weeks). Results A single adverse event occurred in 19 patients (39%) while 4 patients (8%) had more than 1 complication. The most common event was screw loosening; 29% of patients had at least 1 screw dislodged in the treatment period. Of the total number of screws placed (229), 15 (6.5%) became loose, and were equally distributed among the mandible and maxilla. The remaining complications noted were root fracture, 4% (2 of 49); loosened wires, 6% (3 of 49); screw shear, 2% (1 of 49); malocclusion, 2% (1 of 49); and ingested hardware, 2% (1 of 49). Conclusions Overall the IMF self-drilling/tapping screws have been shown to be a useful modality to establish maxillomandibular fixation. It is a safe, and time-sparing technique; however, it is not without limitations or potential consequences which the surgeon must be aware of in order to provide safe and effective treatment.