cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical response to radium-223 dichloride in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.

Abstract Purpose/Objective Radium-223 prolongs survival and decreases symptomatic skeletal events in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer and is indicated in patients with painful bone metastases. However, pain responses are rarely reported and often asked about by patients. Further, patients and their physicians are concerned about a lack of pain response portending a poor treatment response and may be inclined to change systemic therapies before completing 6 cycles. We evaluated the likelihood and time course of pain response, potential predictors of response, and its prognostic value in patients receiving radium-223. Materials and Methods We reviewed the charts of patients who received radium-223 in our department. All patients were planned for 6 cycles with a prescribed dose of 50–55 kBq/kg at each administration. Pain scores, subjective response to pain, analgesic use, treatment toxicities, and laboratory values were recorded at each visit. Symptomatic skeletal events and survival were also recorded. Results 48 patients received at least one cycle of radium-223 and 27 (56%) received all 6 planned cycles. Median survival from first treatment was 16.0 months (95% CI 8.9 to 19.2 months). 33% experienced at least one symptomatic skeletal event during or after treatment. 62.5% of men reported a decrease in pain from pre-treatment baseline. Of men with improved pain, 96% experienced an improvement before the third cycle. Pain relief was not associated with a decrease in ALK-P or PSA or improved survival. Conclusions Approximately two-thirds of patients who undergo treatment with radium-223 will experience an improvement in pain and, if it occurs, it will most likely occur within the first two cycles. Patients should be counseled about this timeline and, if pain improvement isn't achieved, palliative radiation and oral analgesic readjustment should be considered. Pain response is not associated with survival and should not be used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.
Group psychotherapy for victims of incest.

Group psychotherapy is a recommended part of treatment for victims of incest—male and female—in childhood or adulthood. Self-help groups, treatment groups, individual treatment, family therapy, and other modalities may be used concurrently or sequentially. Special techniques include art therapy, play therapy, psychodrama, bibliotherapy, wilderness encounters, and educational techniques.
Methoxychlor metabolite HPTE alters viability and differentiation of embryonic thymocytes from C57BL/6 mice.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are widespread in the built and natural environments. Heightened public awareness of their potential danger has led to concern about whether EDC and their metab...
TDF formula with arbitrary exponents for treatment time and fraction numbers.

Abstract The original “Ellis NSD equation” was extended to a more general formula using arbitrary exponents for the total treatment time ( T ) and the number of treatments ( N ). The new formula is intended to bridge the gap between the original equation for connective tissue and any other tissues of different radiation tolerance. The advantages of the new formula were found to be simple, independent of a scaling factor, and applicable for either egs or SI units. This paper presents a mathematical practice and does not include any clinical implications.
The Collected Poetry of Mary Tighe / Eighteen Hundred and Eleven: Poetry, Protest and Economic Crisis

The study of women Romantic poets has recently been enriched by two works—one an edition, one a critical monograph—that speak not only to the vitality and significance of the individual poets but a...
Modified lateral orbitotomy with combined partial zygomatic arch and vertical ramus ostectomies for excision of a frontal and parietal bone osteoma in a dog

OBJECTIVE: To describe modifications to the lateral orbitotomy for surgical excision of tumors affecting the frontal, parietal, palatine, or temporal bones. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMAL: A 5‐year‐old female spayed American pit bull terrier. METHODS: The dog presented for excision of a bone tumor affecting the right frontal and parietal bones. A modified lateral orbitotomy was performed with combined partial zygomatic arch and vertical ramus ostectomies to increase working space and allow drilling of the calvarium ventral to the mass. RESULTS: The dog tolerated the procedure well, and there were no complications from either the ostectomies or the craniectomy. Histopathological examination was consistent with complete excision of an osteoma. The dog survived 2 years with no recurrence and was euthanized due to an intestinal mass. CONCLUSION: The lateral orbitotomy approach can be modified with combined partial zygomatic arch and vertical ramus ostectomies to increase exposure and working space for resection of tumors affecting the frontal, parietal, palatine, or temporal bones.
Times Are a Changing – And So Is Everything Else

In this chapter, I discuss how changes in the business environment, especially due to the speed of change, can create surprise and risk, and, as a result, demand that businesses become more nimble and adaptable than ever before. I discuss how traditional ways of creating organizations have been aimed at the targets of stability and control, not nimbleness and adaptability. In this context, I talk about how today’s organizations are typically designed, managed, and led in ways that will make adaptability and change more difficult in a world that will reward the adaptable and punish those stuck in the status quo. In this chapter, I introduce the first three Simple Truths.
Executive Function and Early Mathematical Learning Difficulties

Young children who struggle in learning mathematics need support and personal resources, both cognitive and emotional. For most children, executive function (EF) processes develop most quickly in the early childhood years and provide resources that allow children to control their own thinking and emotions. Both emotional and cognitive EF contribute to social-emotional development and academic learning that are especially important in math curricula that increasingly require higher-order skills such as those provided by EF. Another category of resources that children need includes content or mathematical knowledge, skills, and dispositions. Educators need to use research to provide environments, curricula, and experiences that develop competencies in both these domains, especially for children at risk due to developmental delays or low entering competencies. Focused, high-quality mathematics education may have the dual benefit of teaching an important content area and developing at least some EF competencies.
The effects of preoperative chronic opioid use in total hip arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Perioperative opioid use is becoming an increasingly concerning topic in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The current study aims to add to the paucity of prior studies that have detailed perioperative opioid use patterns and the effects of preoperative chronic opioid use among a cohort of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of 256 consecutive patients who underwent a THA at our institution between February 2016 and June 2016 was performed. Two cohorts were compared: patients deemed 1) preoperative chronic opioid users, and 2) non-chronic users. Variables compared included baseline characteristics, quality metrics, and patients’ opioid use histories 3 months prior to surgery and 6 months following surgery. Results Of the 256 patients, 54 (21.1%) patients were identified as preoperative chronic opioid users. Baseline characteristics including age, gender, BMI, and ASA scores were similar between both cohorts. Discharge disposition, value-based purchasing (VBP) costs, length of stay (LOS), emergency room visits, and postoperative office visits were similar between the two cohorts. Readmission rates (30-day, 90-day, and 6-month) were significantly higher (p Conclusions The current study demonstrates that a substantial proportion of preoperative chronic opioid users continue to consume large amounts of opioids up to 6-months following THA surgery. Furthermore, preoperative chronic use is significantly associated with poorer quality outcomes, specifically with respect to readmission rates. Level of evidence Level II, Prognostic Study.
Employing LiCl salt gradient in the wild-type α-hemolysin nanopore to slow down DNA translocation and detect methylated cytosine.

In this research, we demonstrate a label-free detection, biological nanopore-based method to distinguish methylated cytosine (mC) from naked cytosine (C) in sample mixtures containing both C and mC at a prolonged translocation duration. Using a 15-fold increase in LiCl salt concentration going from a cis to trans chamber, we increased the translocation dwell time of ssDNA by over 5-fold and the event capture rate by 6-fold in comparison with the symmetric concentration of 1.0 M KCl (control). This is a consequence of counter-ion binding and effective lowering of the overall charge of DNA, which in turn lessens the electrophoretic drive of the system and slows the translocation velocity. Moreover, salt gradients can create a large electric field that will funnel ions and polymers towards the pore, increasing the capture rate and translocation dwell time of DNA. As a result, in 0.2 M–3.0 M LiCl solution, ssDNA achieved a prolonged dwell time of 52 μs per nucleotide and a capture rate of 60 ssDNA per second. Importantly, lowering the translocation speed of ssDNA enhances the resulting resolution, allowing 5′-mC to be distinguished from C without using methyl-specific labels. We successfully distinguished 5′-mC from C when mixed together at ratios of 1 : 1, 3 : 7 and 7 : 3. The distribution of current blockade amplitudes of all mixtures adopted bimodal shapes, with peak-to-peak ratios coarsely corresponding to the mixture composition (e.g. the density and distribution of events shifted in correspondence with changes in 18b-0mC and 18-2mC concentration ratios in the mixture).
Practical Approach to Mix Design with High Binder and Aggregate Replacement in Iowa using Fractionation

A laboratory study was conducted to examine the effect of fractionated reclaimed asphalt pavement (FRAP) materials on the performance of a standard surface hot mix asphalt (HMA), as well as a HMA c...
100. HAVE YOU CHECKED YOUR INBOX TODAY? A QI PROJECT TO IMPROVE COMMUNICATION OF INBOX RESULTS

Objective Prompt communication of results is critical for patient safety and satisfaction. In the ambulatory setting, residents are less likely than attending physicians to communicate results timely. In continuity clinic at Phoenix Children's, prescription requests, test results, and secure health messages are sent to provider electronic inboxes. In 2018, residents participated in a QI project to improve action on inbox content. A non-compliant inbox is defined as having any item not addressed within 7 days, with severely non-compliant as having more than 10 unaddressed items. Aim Statement To decrease inbox non-compliance for PCH continuity clinic residents to Interventions Key drivers were identified via resident survey. Interventions included reminder stickers on computers; 1-on-1 education for inbox set-up and management; targeted education for particular residents; clinic timeouts; reminders in chief weekly email; utilizing medical assistants (MAs) to communicate normal results. Measures Residents on the ambulatory rotation performed monthly audits of the continuity clinic residents’ inboxes (n = 60) before and after each of nine interventions. Rates of non-compliance, severe non-compliance, and absolute number of unaddressed items were tracked. Results Inbox non-compliance for residents decreased throughout 2018 from 51% in January to 17% by December. Severe non-compliance decreased from 17% to 3.3% over the same period. Not all inboxes were reviewed each month due to technology issues and supervisor availability, but the number of inboxes reviewed increased over time to include all by the end. Conclusions and Next Steps While difficult to determine which intervention had the biggest impact, a significant drop occurred by utilizing MAs to communicate normal results. A large spike in non-compliance occurred in August, correlating with a new academic year. The cumulative effect of frequent reminders and status updates most likely led to steady improvement. The ongoing investment of new residents in the interventions was important for energizing and sustaining change. Next steps are to identify resident champions for each day of continuity clinic and to improve the training of new residents.
A Surgeon’s Review for Difficult Conversations

The goal of this review is to synthesize a strategy for difficult conversations using evidence from the literature and our experience in surgical and palliative care practice. Several published and established resources can inform surgeons’ communication skills. Vital Talk and the Serious Illness Care Program are formal training programs of four days and a half-day in length, respectively, for improving providers’ communication skills. The Best Case/Worst Case tool is a decision aid developed by surgeons for surgeons guiding patients through difficult choices. Published frameworks such as SPIKES and ABCDE outline key steps to navigate challenging conversations and break bad news. Numerous factors contribute to quality of communication, including setting, positioning of participants, open-ended questions, clear and concise language, responding to emotion, and engaging in shared decision-making. We describe a strategy for difficult conversations that is tailored for use by surgeons and modeled on surgical principles.
Chapter 61 – Ethical Considerations∗

Publisher Summary This chapter addresses several ethical questions that need to be considered when using human embryos for medicinal purposes. One of the questions that needs to be addressed is on the necessity of using the human embryo. Current induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines exhibit high rates of tumorigenicity in mice, possibly a result of the use of retroviral vectors to carry pluripotency-inducing transcription factors, including the cancer-related factor c-Myc. Active research is under way on replacement of c-Myc and the direct upregulation of the relevant genes. Some believe that, in moral terms, human life begins at conception when a new, self-developing genome comes into being. For those holding this view, the early embryo is not morally different from a child or an adult human being. It could not be used in research that is not to its benefit, and it could not be used without its consent. Some believe that the embryo is not yet fully a human being in a moral sense. They do not deny that the early embryo is alive and has the biological potential to become a person. Religious views on the question of whether one may ever benefit from others' wrongdoing are diverse. The Roman Catholic moral tradition, despite its staunch opposition to complicity with wrongdoing, presents different answers, including some that permit one to derive benefit in particular cases. This suggests that some researchers, clinicians, or patients who morally oppose the destruction of human embryos on religious or other grounds might ethically use human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines derived from embryos otherwise slated for destruction.
Life cycle assessment of food loss and waste in the food supply chain

Abstract Addressing food loss and waste (FLW) globally is critical for both improving food security and mitigating environmental pollution. While there are numerous studies addressing FLW in terms of nutrition, food security, food safety, public health and the economy, there is only a small body of life cycle assessment (LCA) research aimed at understanding impacts from FLW. We conducted a literature review of LCA studies focused on FLW in the food supply chain (FSC) to ascertain the state of the science and identify the research gaps. We identified 22 original research articles that met our search criteria and spanned the four stages of LCA. Regarding the goal and scope, there were a dearth of studies focused on the top of the waste hierarchy (prevention). Further, we identified a research gap in studies that accounted for avoided production from food waste management in the overall LCA and distinguished between avoidable and unavoidable waste streams. LCA studies to date largely used a mass-basis as the functional unit and were limited in terms of spatial and temporal specificity. Within the life cycle inventory, most of the studies were conducted in Europe and only one study in the US. In addition, some of the studies lack data transparency. The life cycle impact assessment phase showed that most of the studies only assess global warming potential with fewer studies evaluating energy, water demand and human toxicity. Lastly, within life cycle interpretation more than half of the studies focus on at least one of the three types of uncertainties supporting more informed policy decision making.
State-Level Discrimination Policies And HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adoption Efforts In The US

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a drug regimen recommended for anyone at high risk of getting HIV to prevent them from being infected. Little research exists on how state-level policies might be related to differential PrEP uptake across the United States. To better understand the associations between state-level policies and PrEP uptake, we examined HIV criminalization, nondiscrimination laws for sexual and gender minorities, Medicaid expansion, Ryan White funding, and sociodemographic characteristics in relation to the PrEP-to-need ratio, a measure of PrEP uptake. Using a cross-sectional design, we analyzed data from all fifty states; Washington, D.C.; and Puerto Rico (all of which we categorize as states here) regarding policy, socioeconomic factors, and PrEP-to-need ratio in 2018. States with HIV criminalization laws had lower PrEP-to-need ratio, and states with more nondiscrimination laws for sexual and gender minorities had higher PrEP-to-need ratio. We found no association between Medicaid expansion, Ryan White funding, percentage Hispanic, percentage uninsured, median household income, percentage with high school education, or state population and PrEP uptake. Legislators should consider how laws concerning HIV and sexual and gender minorities might protect against discrimination and subvert fear and stigma, given the potential impact of these policies on HIV prevention.
Comparing absorption from classic tracers of the diffuse interstellar medium at optical and radio wavelengths along the same sightlines

% aims To compare information gained from radio and optical absorption line profiles from the diffuse interstellar medium along the same sightline % methods We compare new and existing 21cm HI and 3.4mm HCO+ profiles with profiles of the optical tracers CaII, NaI, and KI from an unpublished thesis of Tappe (2004) %results The atoms traced optically are all heavily depleted compared to a Solar abundance and only the integrated optical depths of HI and HCO+ correlate well with E(B-V). HCO+ is the species with by far the most limited kinematic distribution and the narrowest lines followed in order by KI, HI, NaI and CaII. CaII behaves separately in both column density and kinematics because it samples broader-lined warmer gas. Tracers of the cold neutral medium NaI, KI, HI and HCO+ share the same kinematic space statistically without correlating to nearly the same extent in abundance. N(NaI) and N(KI) are correlated, as are the integrated optical depths of HI and HCO+ but abundance correlations between optical and radio tracers are not seen. In the only direction with a measured CH+ profile, a 2 km/s velocity shift between CH+ and CH, usually interpreted as the sign of shocked gas, is mimicked in the shift of HI relative to HCO+. CH and HCO+ appear in the ratios N(CH)/N(HCO+)=14.6 and 21.1 along the two sightlines with optically-measured N(CH),compared with a mean of 12 determined previously at radio and submillimeter wavelengths.
U.S. Cattle Producer Adoption of Secure Beef Supply Plan Enhanced Biosecurity Practices and Foot-and-Mouth Disease Preparedness.

The prospect of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in U.S. livestock populations has motivated the development of the Secure Beef Supply (SBS) Plan, which includes a comprehensive list of enhanced biosecurity practices that aim to prevent FMD transmission and facilitate continuity of business during an outbreak. While FMD poses a serious threat to livestock production in the United States, little is known about producers’ uptake of the enhanced biosecurity practices included in the SBS Plan. In this study, we benchmark adoption and feasibility-of-adoption perceptions for U.S. cattle producers. Our results show adoption of the thirteen enhanced biosecurity practices is generally low. Especially concerning is the low adoption of the three strongly-recommended pre-outbreak practices—having a biosecurity manager, having a written operation-specific enhanced biosecurity plan, and having a line of separation. Adoption of the pre-outbreak practices is likely low because the benefits of adopting the practices depend on a low probability, uncertain event. That said, producers who have adopted the pre-outbreak practices are more likely to have higher feasibility ratings for the remaining enhanced biosecurity practices, suggesting that adoption of the strongly recommended practices is associated with adoption of all enhanced biosecurity during an FMD outbreak. Complementarity is examined and shows that adoption of the pre-outbreak practices coincides with adoption of the outbreak-specific practices. Taken together, our results suggest that adoption of the strongly recommended pre-outbreak practices could help facilitate a quicker and more effective U.S. cattle industry response to an FMD outbreak in the United States.
Algorithms and Probabilities

This chapter accomplishes two goals. First, it introduces a number of algorithms of a probabilistic nature. For this, it starts with a discussion of random number generators and related functions, followed by algorithms for shuffling a collection of objects, selecting a fair sample from a collection, and simulating a probabilistic event. Second, it uses elements of probability theory to compute the average complexity of some algorithms. It starts with simpler cases, such as the linear search, where the expected value of a variable is used. It follows with more complex cases, such as the bubble sort, where the expected value of a variable is combined with loop counting. This leads to the last section where conditional probabilities are used to prove the expected complexity of the Quicksort on the average.
Differential Effects of Norepinephrine on Synaptic Transmission in Layers 1A and 1B of Rat Olfactory Cortex

In the rat olfactory (piriform) cortex, two distinct fiber systems exist for communicating information to pyramidal cells. Layer la contains afferent fibers from the olfactory bulb which terminate on the distal branches of the dendritic tree of pyramidal cells. Layer 1b contains axon collaterals from pyramidal cells which synapse onto other pyramidal cells (associational fibers). We investigated the differences in the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on synaptic transmission in layers La and 1b using extracellular recording techniques. NE at 25 μM causes a large but reversible decrease in field potential height in layer 1b, while causing a significant increase in field potential height in layer 1a. This effect appears to be mediated solely by α-adrenergic receptors. The functional significance of these results in the con text of our ongoing efforts to build computational models of the olfactory cortex is discussed.
In the Name of Efficiency: How the Massachusetts District Courts are Lobbying Away the Constitutional Rights of Indigent Defendants

This Note explores the current practice of lobby conferences in Massachusetts district courts. At these proceedings, attorneys meet with the judge in chambers, without the defendant and off the record. The attorneys and the judge make one last attempt to settle the case before proceeding to trial. Court officials rely on the lack of record in lobby conferences to foster the type of candid discussion between the attorneys and the judge they believe to be necessary for efficient disposition of cases. As this Note examines the reasons why lobby conferences have a unique role in district courts, it also highlights how the lack of record makes it nearly impossible for indigent criminal defendants to hold their attorneys accountable for anything that happens at these proceedings. This Note argues that mandating recording of lobby conferences will be circumvented by the courts. Instead, appellate courts must recognize the inherent conflict of interest and change how they treat ineffective assistance of counsel claims that arise in the context of lobby conferences.
The long-pulse, high-current relativistic klystron at 500 MW and beyond

This paper describes the development of an L-band annular beam, high-current relativistic klystron for producing a peak power of 1 GW at a pulse length of 1 {mu}s. The tube consists of three cavities: the input cavity driven by a 300 kW magnetron, an idler cavity, and an output cavity. The tube has produced 475 MW and an energy per pulse of 160 J. The microwave output pulse terminates prematurely, before the peak power in the electron beam pulse is reached. The pulse shortening is believed to be caused by too high a voltage across the gap of the output cavity. The result is electron reflection in the output gap leading to beam disruption and high voltage breakdown across the gap. Current experimental results are presented with an emphasis on the design of output cavities for coupling microwave power from high current, very low impedance modulated electron beams.
Monopoles in 1983

Interest in magnetic monopoles is higher in 1983 than in any previous year in recorded history. To document this claim, I have plotted in Fig. la interest in monopoles as a function of time over the past eleven years. “Interest” is defined as the number of high energy physics preprints written per year with the words “monopole(s)” or “dyon(s)” in the title.1 While this accounting surely does not include all papers written about monopoles, I expect it to accurately reflect historical trends. (The 1983 total was obtained by renormalizing the number of papers written through the end of August.)
Transfection of Cardiac Cells by Means of Laser-Assisted Optoporation

The development of tissue and genetic engineering approaches to cardiovascular therapy is hampered by our limited ability to manipulate gene expression in 3D tissue structures with cellular resolution. An important unmet need is heterogeneous gene expression in cardiac cells and tissues, which requires targeted delivery of foreign DNA into selected cells or regions. Several techniques have been used for targeted transfection, such as direct microinjection into cells or targeted electroporation. However, these techniques have limited throughput or spatial resolution of transfection. We developed a method for transfection of cardiac cells by means of laser-assisted optoporation and validated it using a standard confocal microscope. This technique allows for the transfection of selected cell types in the presence of other cell types provided that they are detectable with a microscope. This technique can work as a “gene printer” creating arbitrarily shaped areas of transfected cells. Keywords: laserporation; confocal fluorescent microscopy; targeted gene delivery; cardiac myocyte; transfection; optoporation; laser; cardiac myocytes; fibroblasts
MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBER MODIFIED AROMATIC-ETHER BISMALEIMIDE MATRIX RESINS

An aromatic ether bismaleimide (BMI) was modified by copolymerization with various CTBN and ATBN liquid elastomers. Dynamic mechanical (DMA), flexural, and SEM fractography studies indicate that cured specimens containing various amounts of the different elastomers have widely varying morphologies and properties. The experimental parameters of interest in this study included the type of elastomer reactive end group, elastomer acrylonitrile content, elastomer concentration, and cure reaction conditions. The ATBNs are clearly more compatible than CTBNs. CTBN modified compositions show a distinct, low temperature rubber phase mechanical loss dispersion, reduced modulus and ultimate strength values, and only slight improvements in elongation. Cured compositions with small amounts of ATBN elastomers (5 phr), however, show no reduction in modulus but improved elongation and ultimate strength values. The “rubber” domains in these systems are small, typically < 5 μm, and consist of copolymerized BMI and elastomer. DMA data for these systems show no distinct low temperature elastomer peak but a broad “interphase” loss dispersion covering a wide range of temperatures. Failure in the ATBN modified BMIs involves initiation of numerous microcracks with obvious crack deflection at the rubber particles. No cavitation of rubber particles occurs, as is frequently the case with the CTBNs.
Numerical simulation of viscous transonic airfoil flows

Numerical simulations of transonic airfoil flows using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and various turbulence models are presented and compared with experimental data. Three different airfoils were investigated under varying flow conditions ranging from subcritical unseparated flows to supercritical separated flows. The turbulence models investigated consisted of three zero-equation models and one two-equation model. For unseparated flows involving weak viscous-inviscid interactions, the four models were comparable in their agreement with experiment. For separated flows involving strong viscous-inviscid interactions, the nonequilibrium zero-equation model of Johnson and King gave the best overall agreement with experiment.
Managing the Inner Contradictions of Job Descriptions: A Technique for Use in Recruitment

Job descriptions are building blocks for internal-oriented talent management processes such as recruitment, succession planning, coaching, training, and compensation. However, job descriptions also have an external audience when used as part of a recruitment program. In the recruitment situation, these multiple constituencies can cause a conflict, resulting in job descriptions that either lack validity or lack critical information necessary for valid hiring decisions. This article explores the inner contradictions of job descriptions and suggests an approach companies can use to make these basic tools more useful in recruitment.
Antiangiogenic (metronomic) chemotherapy for brain tumors: current and future perspectives.

Significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors have been made through better imaging, surgical techniques and advances in radiation therapy. However, the cure rate for most adult and pediatric brain tumor patients has not mirrored this success. Angiogenesis, the development of neovascularization, provides the required nutrients and oxygen to an expanding tumor and is controlled by a complex balance of proangiogenic cytokines and antiangiogenic factors. A series of new inhibitors of angiogenesis are now in clinical trials. Most of these rely on inhibiting tumor cell-mediated cytokines or blocking the activation of their cognate receptors. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, by contrast, targets dividing cells but can be modulated to attack dividing endothelial cells. This review will focus on the use of low-dose antiangiogenic (also called metronomic) chemotherapy to inhibit endothelial cell function and resultant neovascularization in the treatment of adult and pediatric brain tumors. By examinin...
A Diagnostic Study of the Low-Level Jet during TAMEX IOP 5

Abstract During 31 May–2 June 1987 a low pressure center developed around 28°N, 102°E in the lee of the Tibetan Plateau during the passage of a midlatitude trough. It moved northeastward and intensified over the Yangtze River valley and produced widespread rainfall over southeastern China. A strong southwest flow developed in the lower troposphere over southern China as the cyclone deepened. At 0000 UTC 1 June, a well-defined low-level jet (LLJ) was found between the 850- and 700-hPa levels with wind speed exceeding 15 m s−1 at the 850-hPa level and 20 m s−1 at the 700-hPa level. The LLJ transported warm, moist air from the subtropical ocean, increased the moist static energy, and provided a favorable environment for the development of widespread precipitation. It is shown that the development of the LLJ is closely related to the developing lee cyclone to the east of the Tibetan Plateau. Our analysis reveals that the diagnosed secondary circulation associated with the jet-front system differs from those p...
Photoluminescence of porous silicon surfaces stabilized through Lewis acid mediated hydrosilylation

Abstract Lewis acid mediated hydrosilylation on porous silicon surfaces permits facile incorporation of a wide variety of functionalities through stable silicon–carbon bonds. The surfaces demonstrate high chemical stability with respect to hydrofluoric acid and aqueous base. The effects of the covalently bound surface groups on photoluminescence have been investigated and it was noted that alkyl and alkenyl termination induced only small decreases in photoluminescence efficiency. Aromatic substituents conjugated through a vinyl group, however, bring about almost complete quenching of the observed photoluminescence, regardless of substitution with either electron withdrawing (chloride) or donating (methyl) functionalities. The photoluminescence fatigue of dodecyl terminated surfaces in air for 12–16 h periods has been monitored and compared to unfunctionalized porous silicon. In air, the photoluminescence of dodecyl terminated surfaces degrades faster than the unfunctionalized porous silicon but under inert atmosphere (nitrogen), the rate of photoluminescence fatigue is slow in both cases and approximately equivalent.
Uptake of magnesium & its interaction with calcium in excised barley roots.

1. BORTHWICK, H. A. & S. B. HENDRICKS. 1960. Photoperiodism in plants-control of plant growth by light & the measurement of night length. Science 132: 1223-1228. 2. HENDRICKS, S. B., H. A. BORTHIWICK, & R. J. DOWNS. 1956. Pigment conversion in the formative responses of plants to radiation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 42: 19-26. 3. BORTHWICK, H. A., S. B. HENDRICKS, E. H. TOOLE, & VIVIAN K. TOOLE. 1954. Action of light on lettuce seed germination. Botan. Gaz. 115: 205225. 4. NELSON, M. L. 1940. Light influences germination of southern pine seed. South. For. Exp. Sta. Notes 31. 5. TOOLE, E. H., VIVIAN K. TOOLE, H. A. BORTHIWICK, & S. B. HENDRICKS. 1955. Plhotocontrol of Iepidiurn seed germination. Plant Physiol. 30: 15-21.
Alitretinoin (Panretin) gel 0.1

This review focuses on the use of alitretinoin (Panretin) gel 0.1% therapy as a new topical treatment of cutaneous lesions in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
G Protein Selectivity Is a Determinant of RGS2 Function

Abstract RGS (regulator of Gprotein signaling) proteins are GTPase-activating proteins that attenuate signaling by heterotrimeric G proteins. Whether the biological functions of RGS proteins are governed by quantitative differences in GTPase-activating protein activity toward various classes of Gα subunits and how G protein selectivity is achieved by differences in RGS protein structure are largely unknown. Here we provide evidence indicating that the function of RGS2 is determined in part by differences in potency toward Gq versus Gi family members. RGS2 was 5-fold more potent than RGS4 as an inhibitor of Gq-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in vivo. In contrast, RGS4 was 8-fold more potent than RGS2 as an inhibitor of Gi-mediated signaling. RGS2 mutants were identified that display increased potency toward Gi family members without affecting potency toward Gq. These mutations and the structure of RGS4-Giα1 complexes suggest that RGS2-Giα interaction is unfavorable in part because of the geometry of the switch I binding pocket of RGS2 and a potential interaction between the α8-α9 loop of RGS2 and αA of Gi class α subunits. The results suggest that the function of RGS2 relative to other RGS family members is governed in part by quantitative differences in activity toward different classes of Gα subunits.
Band energies of nanoparticle semiconductor electrodes determined by spectroelectrochemical measurements of free electrons

Nanostructured semiconductor electrodes have garnered intense recent interest for use in various solar energy conversion systems since they offer the possibilities of circumventing low efficiencies associated with short diffusion length bulk materials as well as optimizing light absorption in dye-sensitized solar cells. In such context, knowledge of the conduction (ECB) and valence band (EVB) edge positions are the most important electronic properties in order to optimize performance and obtain a detailed understanding of relevant electron-transfer processes. However, there is no reliable direct method to measure the band edges in nanostructured semiconductor electrodes. Spectroeletrochemical methods have been utilized, but the nature of the absorbing species and interpretation of results are unsettled issues. Herein we describe a new simple spectroelectrochemical method which simultaneously produces the conduction band energy and the extinction coefficient, e, of free conduction band electrons in nanoparticle TiO2 electrodes.
A Computational Model of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Binding to Isolated and Intact Cell Surface Receptors: Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Concentration, Flow and Delivery Mode

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) plays an important role in both healthy vascular cell functions and pathogenesis in cancer, atherosclerosis and reduced perfusion in diabetes (1–4). FGF2 therapy and targeted drug delivery have great potential in the treatment of such diseases, but have had little clinical success. FGF2 binding kinetics to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) have been largely studied under static conditions (5), however FGF2 binding to endothelial cells occurs physiologically under fluid flow conditions. Understanding complex FGF2 binding kinetics would enable the development of new anti- and pro-angiogenic therapeutics. We developed a computational model of FGF2 binding to FGFR and HSPG with flow to investigate the effect of fluid flow and FGF2 delivery mode on FGF2 binding to isolated or combined binding sites.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
In memoriam of Laura Perls

(1991). In memoriam of Laura Perls. The Humanistic Psychologist: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 105-113.
βIV spectrin is recruited to axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier by ankyrinG

High densities of ion channels at axon initial segments (AISs) and nodes of Ranvier are required for initiation, propagation, and modulation of action potentials in axons. The organization of these membrane domains depends on a specialized cytoskeleton consisting of two submembranous cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins, ankyrinG (ankG) and βIV spectrin. However, it is not known which of these proteins is the principal organizer, or if the mechanisms governing formation of the cytoskeleton at the AIS also apply to nodes. We identify a distinct protein domain in βIV spectrin required for its localization to the AIS, and show that this domain mediates βIV spectrin's interaction with ankG. Dominant-negative ankG disrupts βIV spectrin localization, but does not alter endogenous ankG or Na+ channel clustering at the AIS. Finally, using adenovirus for transgene delivery into myelinated neurons, we demonstrate that βIV spectrin recruitment to nodes of Ranvier also depends on binding to ankG.
A systematic approach for providing concrete services and discharge planning based on using information handouts.

Abstract While information handouts are commonly used in healthcare education, this paper is about social workers systematically developing and using them to provide timely, efficient, and ultimately better patient care for concrete services and discharge planning. How to identify topics and suggestions for composing user-friendly handouts are discussed. Many clinical uses for handouts are considered including: engaging, assessing, and empowering patients, groups, and families. Related uses are considered such as educating the treatment team and students. How handouts can be a crucial bridge to developing a comprehensive, focused social resource database is considered. Follow-up survey results with an inner city VA social work staff (N = 41) confirm that social work discharge planners and non-discharge planners find systematically developed handouts valuable for providing efficient, better patient care.
Thai consumer experience with US multichannel television as a prelude to Thailand's emerging media system

Abstract Multichannel television in Thailand is in its infancy. The launch of Thaicom I, a Thai owned telecommunication satellite, is expected to expand the reach of direct broadcast television to many more people. Yet, for now the vast majority of the people in Thailand are relatively unfamiliar and inexperienced with multichannel television. The potential acceptance and ultimate spread of a new communications technology is sensitive to the key role played by opinion leaders in the diffusion process. University students studying in the United States who subscribe to cable television services and plan to return to Thailand may function in that role. This study examines the attitudes toward and use of multichannel cable television by this unique population. Also identified are the reasons leading to cable subscribership. These results are viewed in the context of the potential opinion leader roles played in the diffusion of similar communication technologies.
Necrosis of the Bronchus: Role of Radiation

The effects of radiation on the lung parenchyma and pleura are well described in the literature. Necrosis of the larynx is a known complication of radiation therapy. Necrosis of a part of the tracheobronchial tree following radiation therapy for bronchogenic carcinoma is likely to occur; however, there is little mention in the English-language literature about such an effect. This report describes four cases with total necrosis of a specific bronchus following radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. All patients received 5,000 to 6,400 rad (50 to 64 Gy) of external-beam radiation. Two patients presented with massive hemoptysis and two with pneumonia. In all four cases, the patients were found to have, by bronchoscopy, necrosis of the bronchus with the involved lobe of the lung replaced by a large cavity lined by tumor tissue. Diagnosis was made 5 to 7 months after radiation therapy was completed. Three of the patients died of exsanguination within weeks following diagnosis of the complication. We suspect that such necrosis occurs as a consequence of radiation therapy in combination with infection in the set up of squamous cell carcinoma, and is a marker of poor prognosis.
Reactive Nature of Dopamine as a Surface Functionalization Agent in Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Dopamine forms an initial structure coordinated to the surface of the iron oxide nanoparticle as a result of improved orbital overlap of the five-membered ring and a reduced steric environment of the iron complex. However, through transfer of electrons to the iron cations on the surface and rearrangement of the oxidized dopamine, a semiquinone is formed. Because of free protons in the system, oxygens on the surface are protonated, which allows for the Fe2+ to be released into the solution as a hydroxide. This released fragment of the nanoparticle will then eventually oxidize in air to a form of an iron(III) oxyhydroxide. All of the reported results demonstrate that the reactivity between Fe3+ and dopamine quickly facilitates the degradation of the nanoparticles. The energetic modeling studies substantiate our proposed decomposition mechanism and thus conclude that the use of dopamine as a robust anchor for iron oxide or iron oxide shell particles will not fulfill the need for stable ferrofluids in most bi...
A novel method that improves sensitivity of protein detection in PAGE and Western blot

We have developed a simple and inexpensive method that improves sensitivity of protein and antigen detection in standard PAGE procedures. Our technique uses a sample microloader device with a funnel-like structure, filled with a 4% stacking gel. When attach to the top of a polyacrylamide slab gel, the proteins in a sample are concentrated by electrophoresis into a small volume as they emerge from the device's narrow outlet. Our microloader has several advantages over previous devices, including simple assembly, high versatility, and absence of cross-contamination between lanes. Addition of this device to a slab gel results in a fivefold increase in the sensitivity of antigen detection in a Western blot. As a result, less protein is required for loading and signal detection. Our protocol is a straightforward modification of a standard experimental technique, and is especially useful when only limited sample quantities are available.
Potential impact of size-selective planktivory on phosphorus release by zooplankton

A laboratory model of phosphorus release by Daphnia rosea was implemented for published zooplankton data from lakes characterized by different abundances of size-selective planktivores. Size-selective feeding reduces average prey size and increases P release per unit biomass. At the system level, decreased prey standing crop associated with higher planktivore abundance could balance the size dependent increase in P release rate. However, estimates of both net reduction and net increase in rate of P release from zooplankton resulted from model application. Size-selective feeding might be important not only in energetic or evolutionary relationships between predator and prey but also in determination of the relative importance of different pathways of phosphorus flow through pelagic systems.
The paradox of the first person singular pronoun

The author attempts to provide a characterization of statements which will avoid the twin perils of identifying them with sentences per se or with such non‐observable entities as “propositions”, “meanings” etc. In providing a positive account of the sorts of things statements are, he distinguishes between the utterances of sentences, and. sentences per se, and maintains that statements are to be identified with those utterances made in certain kinds of circumstances. In the light of this analysis, it is then argued that who or what the speaker refers to in the course of making a statement does not form part of the circumstances which determine what statement he is making, nor does it form part of the circumstances which determine whether he is making the same or different statements by the words he uses.
Sex differences in a murine model of Sjögren's syndrome.

Sex differences in a NOD.H2 h4 murine model of Sjogren's syndrome were analyzed. Compared to males, female NOD.H2 h4 mice have increased severity of sialoadenitis and have a significantly increased percentage of CD4 + T cells in salivary gland infiltrates. CD4 + T cells in female infiltrates produce more Th2 and Thl7 cytokines than in males, while males have greater Thl responses. Females also have enhanced B cell responses, with higher levels of SSA and SSB serum antibodies, and B cell activation factor F (BAFF). Thus, sex has a strong impact on the severity of murine Sjogren's syndrome by affecting the immune mechanisms driving the autoimmune inflammation.