cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Types, frequencies, and risk factors for complications after third molar extraction

Abstract Objectives: The study objective was to identify the types, frequency, and risk factors for complications after third molar (M3) extractions. Study Design: This retrospective cohort study consisted of patients who had 1 or more M3s removed between 1996 and 2001. Risk factors were grouped into demographic, general health, anatomic, and operative. Outcome variables were operative or inflammatory complications. Data were analyzed using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics. Results: The study sample was composed of 583 patients (57.0% male) with a mean age of 26.4 ± 8.4 years. The overall complication rate was 4.6%. Increasing age, a positive medical history, and the position of the M3 relative to the inferior alveolar nerve were associated with an increased risk for complications. Conclusion: While age, medical history, and M3 anatomy cannot be altered directly, these factors may be modified indirectly, resulting in a potential decrease for postoperative complications.
Evidence for Grain Growth in the Protostellar Disks of Orion

We present a Brα (λ = 4.05 μm) image of the largest silhouette proplyd in Orion (114-426) using the facility near-IR spectrometer NIRSPEC at the Keck Observatory. This is the longest wavelength observation of a silhouette disk to date. The diameter of the disk at 4 μm is only marginally smaller than that observed in the optical with the Hubble Space Telescope. This may be the first signature of chromatic extinction for the translucent outer edges of the disk, suggesting that the near-IR opacity is dominated by processed grains with typical sizes greater than 1.9 μm, but not 4 μm.
Bilingual Classroom Studies and Community Analysis: Some Recent Trends

The questions and issues that underlie bilingual education are constrained by deficit views about the abilities and experiences of language-minority students. In general, most research has emphasized how well students acquire English, assimilate into mainstream culture, and perform on tests of basic skills. Employing a sociocultural perspective that acknowledges the many resources that are available to children outside of the school, the author describes how research about children's communities can be used to enhance instruction. For this to work, researchers and teachers must redefine their roles so that they enter into collaborative working relationships that focus on ways of bringing about educational change.
Micro-Molded High Q Polymer Resonators for Optical Loss Determination

Replica molding of ultra-high-Q toroidal microresonators can produce polymer microresonators with material-limited quality factors (Q). This was demonstrated previously using polymers which cure thermally. In this work, high Q polymer microresonators were fabricated using the replica molding technique from previously uncharacterized polymers which require either a thermal or UV cure. The quality factor and effective refractive index of whispering gallery modes was measured at wavelengths ranging from the visible (680nm) through the near-IR (1550nm). The optical absorption coefficient (material absorption) of these previously uncharacterized polymers was determined from the quality factor and effective refractive index of the polymer.
Clozapine-Induced Hypersalivation

OBJECTIVE:To review underlying pathophysiology and possible treatments for clozapine-induced hypersalivation.DATA SOURCES:Primary literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966–May 1999). Key search terms included clozapine, hypersalivation, sialorrhea, and treatment.DATA SYNTHESIS:Hypersalivation occurs in up to 54% of patients receiving clozapine. An evaluation of studies and case reports focusing on management of clozapine-induced hypersalivation was conducted.CONCLUSIONS:It is unclear whether clozapine increases salivation through its muscarinic M4 receptor activation and/or blockade of α2-adrenoceptors, or by causing a distortion in swallowing reflex. Treatment options include chewing gum, reducing the dosage of clozapine, or prescribing pharmacologic agents such as anticholinergics or α2-adrenoceptor agonists.
Nature's Sunshine Products: Anatomy of an FCPA Failure

ABSTRACT: Recently, Walmart and several other large corporations have faced allegations of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) violations, subjecting the companies to large fines and stock price declines. This instructional assignment introduces students to the FCPA and provides an illustration of FCPA compliance problems at Nature's Sunshine Products (Nature's). Students will (1) discuss the development, requirements, and importance of the FCPA; and (2) identify red flags at Nature's suggestive of FCPA noncompliance. This instructional assignment also includes a supplemental requirement whereby students are asked to identify ways that internal auditors could have assisted Nature's in achieving FCPA compliance. This instructional resource, which could be used in undergraduate or graduate external or internal auditing courses or in managerial or forensics courses, provides instructors with a resource for integrating real-world problems involving international business issues into the course curriculum.
Reply to comment by R. Montelli, G. Nolet and F. A. Dahlen on ‘Banana—doughnut kernels and mantle tomography’

Montelli et al. comment on a paper that we wrote in response to an earlier ‘comment’ and in which we argue that the Princeton models with or without banana–doughnut theory are effectively the same and that, thus, the beneficial effects of the use of banana–doughnut kernels (BDKs) on global tomography have been overstated. The models are highly correlated. There are (of course) differences, and some anomalies in the banana–doughnut models have higher amplitudes (perhaps by as much as 50 per cent or more) than in the ray theoretical models. However, this occurs mainly for small, weak anomalies, whose resolution by long period data has not been demonstrated. Because of differences in data and inversion strategy, and in absence of a ‘ground truth’, comparisons of MIT and PRI models do not provide insight into the efficacy and validity of BDKs or the accuracy of the models. With regard to plumes: if they indeed exist and have the appearance as suggested by Montelli et al. then our models are—in that respect—inaccurate. However, this is unrelated to the main point of our paper.
SWISH: semantic analysis of window titles and switching history

Information workers are often involved in multiple tasks and activities that they must perform in parallel or in rapid succession. In consequence, task management itself becomes yet another task that information workers need to perform in order to get the rest of their work done. Recognition of this problem has led to research on task management systems, which can help by allowing fast task switching, fast task resumption, and automatic task identification. In this paper we focus on the latter: we tackle the problem of automatically detecting the tasks that the user is involved in, by identifying which of the windows on the user's desktop are related to each other. The underlying assumption is that windows that belong to the same task share some common properties with one another that we can detect from data. We will refer to this problem as the task assignment problem.To address this problem, we have built a prototype named Swish that: (1) constantly monitors users' desktop activities using a stream of windows events; (2) logs and processes this raw event stream, and (3) implements two criteria of window "relatedness", namely the semantic similarity of their titles, and the temporal closeness in their access patterns.In addition to describing the Swish prototype in detail, we validate it with 4 hours of user data, obtaining task classification accuracies of about 70%. We also discuss our plans on including Swish in a number of intelligent user interfaces and future lines of research.
Cowpea Mosaic Virus Capsid: A Promising Carrier for the Development of Carbohydrate Based Antitumor Vaccines

Immunotherapy targeting tumor cell surface carbohydrates is a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the low immunogenecity of carbohydrates presents a formidable challenge. We describe here the enhancement of carbohydrate immunogenicity by an ordered display on the surface of the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) capsid. The Tn glycan, which is overexpressed on numerous cancer cell surfaces, was selected as the model antigen for our study. Previously it has been shown that it is difficult to induce a strong T cell-dependent immune response against the monomeric form of Tn presented in several ways on different carriers. In this study, we first synthesized Tn antigens derivatized with either a maleimide or a bromoacetamide moiety that was conjugated selectively to a cysteine mutant of CPMV. The glycoconjugate was then injected into mice and pre- and post-immune antibody levels in the mice sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays. High total antibody titers and, more importantly, high IgG titers specific for Tn were obtained in the post-immune day 35 serum, suggesting the induction of T cell-dependent antibody isotype switching by the glycoconjugate. The antibodies generated were able to recognize Tn antigens presented in their native conformations on the surfaces of both MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the multidrug resistant breast cancer cell line NCI-ADR RES. These results suggest that the CPMV capsid can greatly enhance the immunogenicity of weak antigens such as Tn and this can provide a promising tool for the development of carbohydrate based anti-cancer vaccines.
Early intervention with docosahexanoic Acid (DHA) protects APOE4 acceleration of cognitive decline and plasma biomarkers in APOE4/5xFAD mice

healthy elderly (age > 65) in WHICAP, a community-based and ethnically diverse cohort in New York. The associations between plasma As40 and As42 levels and calorie-adjusted dietary intake of 10 nutrients [saturated fatty acid (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), u-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), u-6 PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin C, s-carotene, vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin D], selected due to their potential association with dementia risk, were examined using linear regression models, first unadjusted and then adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, education, and s-amyloid assessment wave. Results: In an unadjusted model that simultaneously included all 10 nutrients, higher intake of u-3 PUFA was significantly associated with lower As40 (s 1⁄4 -25.9, p1⁄40.001) and lower As42 (s1⁄4 -11.9, p1⁄40.001) levels; higher intake of MUFAwas significantly associated with lower As40 (s 1⁄4 -1.6, p1⁄40.046) and As42 (s 1⁄4 -0.8, p1⁄40.023) levels. In an adjusted model, u-3 retained a strong association with lower plasma levels of As42 (s 1⁄4-13.6, p1⁄40.045) and As40 (s 1⁄4 -7.2, p1⁄40.021), while MUFAwas no longer associated with As. Other nutrients did not seem to be significantly associated with plasma levels of either As40 or As42. Conclusions: In cognitively healthy elders, higher dietary intake of u-3 PUFA is associated with lower plasma levels of both As40 and As42 (which are markers of slower cognitive decline and lower dementia risk inour cohort). Thus, plasma s-amyloid may be related to dietary habits.
Self-Assembly of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Sunset Yellow and Effects of Ionic Additives

Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) are formed by molecules with ionic groups at the periphery that associate into stacks through noncovalent self-assembly while in water. The very existence of the nematic (N) phase in the typical LCLC, the dye Sunset Yellow (SSY) is a puzzle, as the correlation length associated with the stacking, as measured in the X-ray experiments, is too short to explain the orientational order by the Onsager model. We propose that the aggregates can be more complex than simple rods and contain “stacking faults” such as junctions with a shift of neighboring molecules, 3-fold junctions, etc. We study how ionic additives, such as salts of different valency and pH-altering agents, alter the N phase of SSY purified by recrystallization. The additives induce two general trends: (a) stabilization of the N phase, caused by the mono and divalent salts (such as NaCl), and evidenced by the increase of the N-to-I transition temperature and the correlation length; (b) suppression of the ...
Lacrimal gland fluid secretion and lymphocytic infiltration in the NZB/W mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome.

Purpose. The fluid secretory impairment of lacrimal and salivary glands in Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is thought to be related to the extent of lymphocytic infiltration (LI) and subsequent loss of glandular tissue. In this study, we examine the correlation between the extent of tear flow reduction and the extent of LI of lacrimal glands in the NZB/W mouse, a model of SS. Methods. We stimulated tear production by topical application of carbachol onto the gland while fluid was collected from the lacrimal duct. The lacrimal glands were removed after fluid collection for histology. Results. Fluid secretion in response to carbachol was less in the majority of young NZB/W females compared to C57 control animals and none of the glands showed LI. Fluid secretion was also impaired in the majority of old NZB/W females, and the extent of LI was highly variable. Some of the old SW females also showed blunted fluid secretory responses and some degree of focal LI. Young SW females showed no LI and most animals exhibited n...
Potential of winter cover crops to increase abundance of solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and other arthropods in sugarcane

A 3-yr study was conducted in Louisiana sugarcane field plots to determine the potential of vegetation management and winter cover crops to enhance abundance of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, other arthropods, gastropods, and spring sugarcane density. Treatments included pea, clover, and vetch cultivars, a weed-free herbicide treatment, a vetch with herbicide on the row tops; and a mixed weeds treatment arranged in a randomized complete block design. Compared with similar studies conducted during the summer months, spring collections of arthropods in pitfall traps were very low and few differences in arthropod densities occurred. Neither cover crop cultivar nor biomass substantially influenced arthropod density or cane stand density. Slugs (Limacidae) and earwigs (Dermaptera) were most abundant in mixed weed plots. The highest numbers of carabids in 1994 were found in vetch plots, which tended to have higher biomass than other treatments. Soybean oil-soaked bait cards attracted more ants in clover plots than in the plots with vetch plus herbicide. Compared with previous summer studies, we feel that harsher winter weather and other density independent mortality factors during this study period superseded effects of cover crops, vegetation management and quantity of biomass on arthropod densities during the winter. Although positive impacts of winter cover crops were not detected for the variables measured during the study period these data should not be used to suggest that cover crops do not provide agronomic benefit to farmers.
Modulation of the oxidative burst in trout myeloid cells by adrenocorticotropic hormone and catecholamines : mechanisms of action

The oxidative burst of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes was previously found to be differentially modulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the catecholamine receptor agonists phenylephrine and isoproterenol. From data obtained using both luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LECL) and ferricytochrome C (cyt C) reduction to measure oxidative burst kinetics, we postulated that the observed modulation was mediated by affects on enzymes responsible for the production and metabolism of superoxide anion. Using exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase as scavengers, nitroprusside to poison endogenous SOD, and an assay for hydrogen peroxide, we have tested our postulates by exploiting the differences with which various reactive oxygen intermediates influence LECL and cyt C reduction. The ability of ACTH to potentiate both assays of the oxidative burst appears due to its enhancing influence on the production of superoxide. Phenylephrine, an a-adrenergic receptor agonist, appears to enhance the activity of endogenous SOD, whereas isoproterenol, a �3-adrenergic receptor agonist, may suppress SOD activity. This work reveals how components of the natural immune system may be regulated by products of the neuroendocrine system. Also, lymphocyte-derived ACTH may provide a novel pathway for lymphoid regulation of inflammation.
Formulate a Tax-Efficient Dividend Strategy for Retirement

With the advent of tax-favored treatment for qualified dividend income, investment and withdrawal strategies for retirees with both taxable accounts and IRAs have become more complex. This article discusses the reduced-rate structure that now applies to qualified dividend income, and provides several comprehensive examples illustrating how best to allocate dividend-yielding securities among taxable accounts, traditional IRAs, and Roth IRAs. For most retirees in most situations, the highest-yielding securities should be held in the most tax-efficient accounts and the lowest-yielding securities in the least tax-efficient vehicles. Tax-efficient withdrawal strategies turn, in part, on whether the retiree needs all or part of his or her dividend income to meet living expenses. While tax-efficient investment and withdrawal strategies remain important to the overall goal of after-tax wealth maximization, retirees should not sacrifice investment diversification for tax efficiency. Similarly, retirees should manage individual stocks in their retirement years only to the extent that they did so during the asset-accumulation phase of their lives. Otherwise, investing in low-cost, diversified mutual funds could prove more advantageous, overall. In the end, retirees should strive to maintain a well-managed, low-cost, diversified investment portfolio that is also tax-efficient.
Opportunity Neighborhoods for Latino and African American Children

The Denver Child Study explores the extent to which multiple dimensions of neighborhood context affect the physical and behavioral health, exposure to violence, risky behaviors, education, youth and young adult labor market outcomes, and marriage and childbearing of Latino and African-American children and youth from low-income families. The study uses a natural experiment involving the Denver, Colorado, Housing Authority (DHA), which since 1969 has operated public housing units located in a wide range of neighborhoods throughout the city and county of Denver. Because the initial assignment of households on the DHA waiting list to vacant public housing units (and, thus, to neighborhoods) mimics a random process, this program represents an unusual opportunity for reducing parental geographic selection bias and observing the unusual combination of low-income, minority youths raised for extended periods in advantaged (as well as disadvantaged) neighborhoods.
Targeting ADAM17 in leukocytes increases neutrophil recruitment and reduces bacterial spread during polymicrobial sepsis

A rapid and robust recruitment of circulating neutrophils at sites of infection is critical for preventing bacterial spread. The efficiency of this process, however, is greatly diminished during sepsis, a severe systemic inflammatory response to infection. The proteolytic activity of a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 is induced in the cell membrane of leukocytes upon their activation, resulting in the conversion of membrane to soluble TNF-α and the release of assorted receptors from the surface of neutrophils important for their effector functions. We show that conditional knockout mice lacking a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 in all leukocytes had a survival advantage when subjected to polymicrobial sepsis. Bacteremia and the levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, key determinants of sepsis severity, were significantly reduced in conditional a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 knockout mice during sepsis. Although cecal bacterial microbiota and load were similar in unmanipulated conditional a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 knockout and control mice, peritoneal spread of bacteria was significantly reduced in conditional a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 knockout mice following sepsis induction, which was associated with an amplified recruitment of neutrophils. Taken together, our findings suggest that extensive a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 induction during sepsis may tip the balance between efficient and impaired neutrophil recruitment.
CHARACTER RECOGNITION OF HANDWRITTEN HEBREW USING STRUCTURED ARTIFICIAL WARPING

We present a novel, high performance character recognition system for handwritten Hebrew scripts. Specifically, we explore a technique that bootstraps from an extremely limited hand-made seed of examples, to orderly sample a much amplified synthetic set, at training runtime. This flexible formulation, effectively trades off learning performance vs. memory footprint and scales down to fit the resource limited, small form factor compute devices. We exploit a compressed format of histogram of gradients (HOG) features, trained on a one-against-all SVM classifier, and our evaluation shows a markedly high accuracy rate when compared to other OCR systems.
Influence of cortisone on experimental hypersensitivity and circulating antibody in the guinea pig.

Summary1. Large doses of cortisone failed to protect guinea pigs against active or passive anaphylactic shock. These results are in agreement with those of other investigators (3,4). 2. Treatment with this hormone during period of active sensitization diminished the intensity of the Arthus reaction and the quantity of circulating antibody produced. Neither of these effects was as extensive as those observed in rabbits following the administration of comparatively smaller doses of cortisone (1,2) Similarly, the anatomic changes produced by cortisone were less striking in the guinea pig than in the rabbit (8). These findings suggest that the guinea pig is considerably more resistant to the action of cortisone. The failure of cortisone to abolish the active Arthus reaction and possibly its failure to alter active anaphylactic shock might have been related to the incomplete suppression of circulating antibody under the experimental conditions employed.
The 1990 NIST Scales of Thermal Radiometry

Following an absolute NIST measurement of the freezing temperature of gold and the adoption of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90), NIST has adopted new measurement scales for the calibration services based on thermal radiometry. In this paper, the new scales are defined and compared to the ITS-90, and the effects of the scale changes on NIST measurement services in optical pyrometry, radiometry, and photometry are assessed quantitatively. The changes in reported calibration values are within quoted uncertainties, and have resulted in small improvements in accuracy and better consistency with other radiometric scales.
The Absolute and Uniform Convergence of Infinite Improper Integrals

(1988). The Absolute and Uniform Convergence of Infinite Improper Integrals. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 95, No. 2, pp. 124-126.
‘Deep down where the music plays’: How parents account for childhood gender variance

Parents of gender variant children routinely negotiate their child's gender with social institutions, from schools to churches to neighborhood associations. These interactions require that parent d...
Questioning the Concept of Vegan Privilege: A Commentary

This article examines and analyzes the credibility and utility of the critique of veganism as a privileged lifestyle, both by those inside and by those outside the vegan community. Using the theory...
A Integrated Construction Mode of 35 kV Smart Substation

The 35 kV smart substation,the last link of smart substation,is widely distributed with large number of construction projects,of which the economic operation is very important except for smart,reliable,safe and high efficient operation.However,there is still no design specifications and construction modes for the construction of the smart substation with this voltage level at present.Therefore,a integrated construction mode is presented for 35 kV smart substation,and different construction modes of the smart substation are compared from all aspects.
The 2007 Southern California Wildfires: Lessons in Complexity

The 2007 wildfire season in southern California burned over 1,000,000 ac ( 400,000 ha) and included several megafires. We use the 2007 fires as a case study to draw three major lessons about wildfires and wildfire complexity in southern California. First, the great majority of large fires in southern California occur in the autumn under the influence of Santa Ana windstorms. These fires also cost the most to contain and cause the most damage to life and property, and the October 2007 fires were no exception because thousands of homes were lost and seven people were killed. Being pushed by wind gusts over 100 kph, young fuels presented little barrier to their spread as the 2007 fires reburned considerable portions of the area burned in the historic 2003 fire season. Adding to the size of these fires was the historic 2006 –2007 drought that contributed to high dead fuel loads and long distance spotting. As in 2003, young chaparral stands and fuel treatments were not reliable barriers to fire in October 2007. Second, the Zaca Fire in July and August 2007 showed that other factors besides high winds can sometimes combine to create conditions for large fires in southern California. Spring and summer fires in southern California chaparral are usually easily contained because of higher fuel moisture and the general lack of high winds. However, the Zaca Fire burned in a remote wilderness area of rugged terrain that made access difficult. In addition, because of its remoteness, anthropogenic ignitions have been low and stand age and fuel loads were high. Coupled with this was severe drought that year that generated fuel moisture levels considerably below normal for early summer. A third lesson comes from 2007 conifer forest fires in the southern California mountains. In contrast to lower elevation chaparral, fire suppression has led to major increases in conifer forest fuels that can lead to unnaturally severe fires when ignitions escape control. The Slide and Grass Valley Fires of October 2007 occurred in forests that had been subject to extensive fuel treatment, but fire control was complicated by a patchwork of untreated private properties and mountain homes built of highly flammable materials. In a fashion reminiscent of other recent destructive conifer fires in California, burning homes themselves were a major source of fire spread. These lessons suggest that the most important advances in fire safety in this region are to come from advances in fire prevention, fire preparedness, and land-use planning that includes fire hazard patterns.
The African American Student Network: An Intervention for Retention

Comparing retention rates for 91 Black women and 56 Black men who participated in the African American Student Network with 68 women and 36 men who were randomly selected from the population of Bla...
Reinterpretation of Outside Hospital MRI Abdomen Examinations in Patients With Cirrhosis: Is the OPTN Mandate Necessary?

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to determine the relevance of a policy mandating reinterpretation of outside abdominal MRI examinations in patients with cirrhosis at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS. A random subset (n = 125) of consecutive outside-hospital MRI abdomen examinations (n = 473) performed in subjects with cirrhosis and reinterpreted at a tertiary care center by one of 11 fellowship-trained radiologists was included. The original and reinterpreted reports were compared in consensus by two hepatobiliary imaging experts; one hepatologist determined the clinical impact. Each was blinded to outcome. The primary outcome was discrepancies relevant to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), including diagnosis of HCC and exceeding the Milan criteria for transplantation. Rates were compared with the McNemar test. RESULTS. HCC was diagnosed in 34% (43/125) of reinterpretations; of these, 44% (19/43) were concordant, 42% (18/43) originally were c...
Stroke-in-Evolution

This chapter explains the concept of stroke-in-evolution, commonly referred to as evolving, progressing, or worsening stroke. Stroke-in-evolution is a common problem, occurring in some 30–50% of patients. It is more common in stroke from hemorrhage than from infarction, but the worsening occurs so often and is so much a part of the initial syndrome (minutes, rarely as long as hours) that such worsening is often considered part of the hyperacute clinical picture and not included in descriptions of stroke-in-evolution. For ischemic infarction, the usual strong predictors of severity of the initial syndrome (lesion location, carotid or vertebrobasilar circulation, and infarct size) have not proved useful predictors for worsening. Diabetes mellitus has been considered predictive in some studies and not in others. The prognosis for patients with ischemic stroke-in-evolution is worse than for those with stable clinical stroke syndromes. The worse prognosis also carries a longer length of stay and greater disability, and mortality is increased by some fourfold. Many confounding factors contribute to clinical worsening which are not primary to the infarct or hemorrhage process. The best known are edema, hydrocephalus, hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic infarct, postictal state from seizures, and medical complications.
Binge Drinking and Depression: The Influence of Romantic Partners in Young Adulthood.

Although research shows that spouses influence each other’s health behaviors and psychological well-being, we know little about whether these patterns extend to young people in nonmarital as well as marital relationships. We use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to consider how a romantic partner’s binge drinking and depression influence the respondent’s binge drinking and depression within 1,111 young adult couples and explore whether these processes are moderated by gender. We find that partners’ binge drinking is associated with increased odds of binge drinking for respondents and partners’ depression is associated with increased odds of depression for respondents. Further, depression among men is associated with reduced odds of binge drinking among their female partners. Findings suggest that processes of partner influence begin even in young adulthood with implications for cumulative effects on lifelong health behaviors and mental health.
Imaging of the Posterior Skull Base

The posterior skull base can be involved by a variety of pathologic processes. They can be broadly classified as: traumatic, neoplastic, vascular, and inflammatory. Pathology in the posterior skull base usually involves the lower cranial nerves, either as a source of pathology or a secondary source of symptoms. This review will categorize pathology arising in the posterior skull base and describe how it affects the skull base itself and surrounding structures.
Diffraction-free pulsed optical beams via space-time correlations.

Diffraction places a fundamental limitation on the distance an optical beam propagates before its size increases and spatial details blur. We show here that imposing a judicious correlation between spatial and spectral degrees of freedom of a pulsed beam can render its transverse spatial profile independent of location along the propagation axis, thereby arresting the spread of the time-averaged beam. Such correlation introduced into a beam with arbitrary spatial profile enables spatio-temporal dispersion to compensate for purely spatial dispersion that underlies diffraction. As a result, the spatio-temporal profile in the local time-frame of the pulsed beam remains invariant at all positions along the propagation axis. One-dimensional diffraction-free space-time beams are described – including non-accelerating Airy beams, despite the well-known fact that cosine waves and accelerating Airy beams are the only one-dimensional diffraction-free solutions to the monochromatic Helmholtz equation.
Invasion of big sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata ) by white fir ( Abies concolor ) on the southeastern slopes of the Warner Mountains, California

White fir ( Abies concolor ) appears to be invading vegetation dominated by big sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata ) on the southeastern slopes of the Warner Mountains of extreme northeastern California. The time of initial tree establishment within the shrubs was determined by increment borings. Possible causes of the invasion involving specific climatic conditions, fire history, and grazing use of the area during years of the establishment were explored. Heavy grazing by domestic livestock, particularly sheep, appears responsible for altering the sagebrush - grass vegetation and allowing tree invasion.
Retention of laparoscopic and robotic skills among medical students: a randomized controlled trial

Background Although simulation training beneficially contributes to traditional surgical training, there are less objective data on simulation skills retention.
Spinal Cord Stimulator Complications: Lead Migration and Malfunction

Spinal cord simulation is an effective treatment for chronic intractable pain of many kinds, including neuropathic, ischemic, and visceral. Its use has been demonstrated to aid in not only providing analgesia but also in regaining functionality in terms of return to work. Because it is an invasive technique involving permanent implantation of a medical device, stimulation is typically considered only after more conservative treatments have failed, and it is usually just one component of a multidisciplinary treatment approach. Despite high initial costs, the use of stimulation systems has been shown to be cost-effective in the long term. Adverse events associated with spinal cord stimulation are not common but do occur and can be divided into surgical and hardware complications. Surgical complications include hematoma, seroma, CSF hygroma, infection, wound dehiscence, dural puncture, and spinal cord injury. Many surgical complications can be avoided by preoperative medical planning, and outcomes vary based on intraoperative surgical techniques. Hardware malfunction includes lead migration, lead fraying, and implantable pulse generator failure, each of which requires surgical revision.
Implementing Algorithmic Skeletons with Bulk Synchronous Parallel ML

Skeletal parallelism offers a good trade-off between programming productivity and execution efficiency. In this style of parallelism, an application is a composition of algorithmic skeletons. An algorithmic skeleton captures a pattern of parallel algorithm on a distributed data structure, and is also often associated with a sequential algorithm on a sequential data structure that is the counterpart of the parallel data structure. The algorithmic skeleton approach has been inspired by functional programming. It is therefore very natural to embed algorithmic skeletons in a functional programming language. In this paper we present a new algorithmic skeleton library for the statically typed functional language OCaml, and illustrate its use on some applications. This functional skeletal parallel programming library is implemented using the Bulk Synchronous Parallel ML parallel programming library for OCaml.
A life of mothering.

The responsibilities of motherhood have changed in the era of longer life expectancies. Women are often simultaneously caregivers for their children, grandchildren, and parents.
Silence is golden : the effect of verbalization on group performance

Contrary to the popular belief that collaboration brings better problem solutions, empirical studies have revealed that interacting groups often performed worse than noninteracting "nominal" groups. Past studies mainly examined how overhearing others' ideas impacts group performance. This study investigated the impact of another essential but overlooked group communicative process-verbalizing ideas to others-on group performance. Participants (N = 156) solved 20 verbal puzzles either alone quietly, alone thinking-aloud, or in verbalizing pairs. Participants in the same working-alone condition were randomly paired to form nominal pairs and their pooled performance was treated as nominal group performance. Relative to the quiet nominal group, the performance of the thinking-aloud nominal and interacting groups were impaired to similar extents. These two groups also demonstrated a similar limited capacity to expand the search scope. The equivalency of the interacting and thinking-aloud nominal group results suggest that verbalization is a key factor in groups' inferior performance. (PsycINFO Database Record
TSV-Based 3D Integration

Theoretical studies in the 1980s [1, 2] suggested that significant reductions in signal delay and power consumption could be achieved with 3D integrated circuits (3D ICs). A 3D IC is a chip that consists of multiple tiers of thinned-active 2D integrated circuits (2D ICs) that are stacked, bonded, and electrically connected with vertical vias formed through silicon or oxide layers and whose placement within the tiers is discretionary. The term “tier” is used to distinguish the transferred layers of a 3D IC from design and physical layers and is the functional section of a chip or wafer that consists of the active silicon, the interconnect, and, for a silicon-on-oxide (SOI) wafer, the buried oxide (BOX). The basic features of a 3D IC are illustrated in Fig. 2.1 in a symbolic drawing along with a cross-section of an actual 3D IC. The TSV (through silicon via) is an essential feature of the 3D IC technology and is the vertical-electrical connection formed between tiers and through silicon or oxide. A TSV is formed by aligning, defining, and etching a cavity between two tiers to expose an electrode in the lower tier; lining the sidewalls of the cavity with an insulator; and filling the cavity with metal or doped polysilicon to complete the connection. A TSV drawing and a cross-section of a TSV are shown in Fig. 2.2.
Purification of a unique bisulfite-reducing enzyme from Desulfovibrio vulgaris

Abstract An enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of bisulfite to sulfide and thiosulfate was purified from extracts of the sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio vulgaris . Trithionate was not a product of this reaction nor was it or thiosulfate reduced by the enzyme. High substrate concentrations inhibited sulfide but not thiosulfate formation. The enzyme was named bisulfite reductase II to distinguish it from bisulfite reductase which reduces bisulfite to trithionate.
On the way to permanent support: Battery-powered, vented ventricular assist systems and other innovative new systems

Ever since the beginning of research into cardiac support systems, the ultimate goal has been a mechanical device that can provide permanent circulatory support (defined as ≥ 5 years) and an enhanced quality of life, including maximal patient freedom. To fulfill this goal, such a device must be totally implantable, i.e., free of external connections. Ideally, it would also be durable, biocompatible, nonthrom-bogenic, infection-resistant, readily available in numerous sizes, and reasonably priced.
Circulating melanoma cells and recurrence in stage III melanoma patients.

9016 Background: There is a need for more sensitive and specific prognostic markers for advanced stage melanoma patients to help improve the risk-benefit ratio of systemic adjuvant therapies. While...
Website Fingerprinting by Power Estimation Based Side-Channel Attacks on Android 7

Power consumption data on smartphones can be used to infer user information like web browsing activities and location. Since the power consumption data was traditionally considered harmless to user privacy and developers need to use power information to develop energy-efficient apps, it can be obtained without user permission on Android systems older than Android 7. However, due to the updates in Android 7, the traditional methods of accessing power consumption data either don't work anymore or the data is coarse-grained, and less information can be leaked. In this paper, we propose a power estimation method and design a power estimation based side-channel attack to perform website fingerprinting. Results show that website fingerprinting can be performed with high accuracy using power estimation data on Android 7.
Influence of Systematic Incorporation of Conjugation-Break Spacers into Semi-Random Polymers on Mechanical and Electronic Properties

An extensive family of semi-random polymers was prepared via Stille polycondensation with varying contents of alkyl spacers incorporated into the polymer backbone to serve as a break in conjugation. This family was investigated to determine the effect of alkyl spacer length and percent incorporation on the optical, electronic, and mechanical properties. The optical bandgap was found to steadily increase from 1.53 to 1.70 eV as the amount of spacer was increased from 10 mol percent to 40 mol percent while the length of the spacer had little to no effect. In space charge limited current (SCLC) carrier mobility measurements, hole mobility was found to decrease as the amount of spacer increased but was found to steadily increase as the length of the spacer was increased from 6 to 10 carbons. Mechanical properties were observed by film-on-elastomer and film-on-water measurements, with low elastic moduli and high ductility attributed both to the break in conjugation as well as the semi-random structure of the p...
Glucose monitoring and adaptive feeding of mammalian cell culture in the presence of strong autofluorescence by near infrared Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy offers an attractive platform for real-time monitoring and control of metabolites and feeds in cell culture processes, including mammalian cell culture for biopharmaceutical production. However, specific cell culture processes may generate substantial concentrations of chemical species and byproducts with high levels of autofluorescence when excited with the standard 785 nm wavelength. Shifting excitation further toward the near-infrared allows reduction or elimination of process autofluorescence. We demonstrate such a reduction in a highly autofluorescent mammalian cell culture process. Using the Kaiser RXN2-1000 platform, which utilizes excitation at 993 nm, we developed multivariate glucose models in a cell culture process which was previously impossible using 785 nm excitation. Additionally, the glucose level in the production bioreactor was controlled entirely by Raman adaptive feeding, allowing for maintenance of glucose levels at an arbitrary set point for the duration of the culture. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1574-1580, 2018.
Advanced cancer patients’ changes in terminal illness understanding (TIU) and their psychological well-being.

11617Background: Although accurate TIU is necessary for informed treatment decision-making, clinicians worry that patients’ recognition of the terminal nature of their illness may lower psychologic...
Costs and Outcomes with Once-Daily versus Every-6-Hour Intravenous Busulfan in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

ABSTRACT The high cost of healthcare in the United States has not been consistently associated with improved health outcomes or quality of care, necessitating a focus on value-based care. We identified busulfan dosing frequency during allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) conditioning as a potential target for optimization. To improve patient convenience and to decrease the cost of busulfan-based conditioning regimens, our institution changed busulfan dose frequency from every 6 hours (q6h) to once-daily (q24h). We compared costs and patient outcomes between these 2 dosing schedules. In June 2017, our institution transitioned from q6h to q24h busulfan dosing. We compared patients who received busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning regimens (BU/CY) for allogeneic HCT in the year before the dosing change (q6h cohort) and those who did so in the year after the dosing change (q24h cohort). The primary outcomes were differences in cost, day +90 mortality, and day +90 relapse. Between June 1, 2016, and June 1, 2018, 104 patients (median age 49 years; range, 20 to 63 years) received BU/CY before allogeneic HCT. Fifty-nine patients (57%) received q6h busulfan and 45 (43%) received q24h busulfan. There were fewer men in the q24h busulfan cohort compared with the q6h busulfan cohort (42% versus 64%; P = .024), but there were no other significant differences between the groups. There was an average annual cost savings of $19,990 per patient with q24h busulfan compared with q6h busulfan, and an annual busulfan cost savings of $899,550. There was a significantly lower day +90 mortality in the q24h busulfan cohort compared to the q6h busulfan cohort (0% versus 10%; P = .028). There were no significant differences in relapse at day +90 or in hospital length of stay. Our data indicate that i.v. busulfan dosing for allogeneic HCT conditioning is a target for improved value-based care. At our institution, patients who received q24h busulfan dosing had similar or superior outcomes compared with those receiving q6h dosing, with an average annual cost reduction of $19,990 per patient and an overall annual reduction in busulfan cost of approximately $900,000. These data support the adoption of q24h i.v. busulfan dosing as a standard of care to improve value-based care in allogeneic HCT.
On Control of Multiagent Systems in the Presence of a Misbehaving Agent

We focus on multiagent systems that involve agents exchanging local information through a fixed, connected, and undirected graph. In the presence of an agent subject to a disturbance (i.e., misbehaving agent), we investigate the stability and the steady-state value of the multiagent system when a proportional-integral controller is applied to a selected agent only (i.e., the driver agent) due to limited resources. Specifically, we first show that the employment of the proportional-integral controller in the driver agent makes the resulting closed-loop system matrix Hurwitz. We next derive the steady-state value of the multiagent system when the controller is respectively applied to an undisturbed agent and the misbehaving agent. For fixed, connected, and undirected acyclic graphs, we finally utilize graph-theoretic tools in order to explicitly calculate the steady-state values of all agents. To this end, we characterize several properties such as the minimization of the largest steady-state error in the multiagent system and the maximization of the number of agents having zero steady-state error.