cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research and Practice of Cloud Computing Center for Power System

The development of cloud computing technique and its service modes are presented,and the feasibility and necessity of adopting cloud computing to power system application are discussed.The destination of constructing cloud computing center for power system and its characteristics are expounded,and the detailed design of the layers of system architecture for cloud computing center adopted in the field of simulation are presented,they are:infrastructure cloud,data management cloud,simulation cloud,cooperation cloud and consulting services cloud.The principal standards and key technologies of cloud computing center for power system such as data standards,power system model integration,mass data management,dynamic task dispatching,cooperative work are researched.Finally,a practical application scenario is given.
Synergistic effect of combined hollow viscus injuries on intra-abdominal abscess formation

The strong association between penetrating colon injuries and intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) formation is well established and attributed to high colon bacterial counts. Since trauma patients are rarely fasting at injury, stomach and small bowel colony counts are also elevated. We hypothesized that there is a synergistic effect of increased IAA formation with concomitant stomach and/or colon injuries when compared to small bowel injuries alone. Consecutive patients at a level one trauma center with penetrating small bowel (SB), stomach (S), and/or colon (C) injuries from 1996 to 2012 were reviewed. Logistic regression determined associations with IAA, adjusting for age, gender, Injury Severity Score (ISS), admission Glasgow Coma Score, transfusions, and concurrent pancreas or liver injury. A total of 1518 patients (91% male, ISS = 15.9 ± 8.4) were identified: 496 (33%) SB, 231 (15%) S, 288 (19%) C, 40 (3%) S + SB, 69 (5%) S + C, 338 (22%) C + SB, and 56 (4%) S + C + SB. 148 (10%) patients developed IAA: 4 per cent SB, 9 per cent S, 10 per cent C, 5 per cent S + SB, 22 per cent S + C, 13 per cent C + SB, and 25 per cent S + C + SB. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that ISS, 24 hour blood transfusions, and concomitant pancreatic or liver injuries were associated with IAA. Compared with reference SB, S or S + SB injuries were no more likely to develop IAA. However, S + C, SB + C, and S + C + SB injuries were significantly more likely to have IAA. In conclusion, combined stomach + colon, small bowel + colon, and stomach, colon, + small bowel injuries have a synergistic effect leading to increased IAA formation after penetrating injuries. Heightened clinical suspicion for IAA formation is necessary in these combined hollow viscus injury patients.
Influence of Patient Age on Forearm and Systemic Vascular Response to Hypoxaemia

SUMMARY 1. Forearm blood flow and cardiac output were measured during 12-14% oxygen breathing in eleven subjects aged 23-72 years. Forearm blood flow alone was measured in eight additional subjects aged 45-70 years. 2. The cardiac output increased and systemic vascular resistance decreased during hypoxaemia in all subjects. Although the initial cardiac output was lower with increasing age, the change during hypoxaemia correlated poorly with age. 3. Forearm blood flow increased with age and the change produced by hypoxaemia was also related to the age of the subjects. In six healthy subjects aged 23-37 years forearm blood flow increased during hypoxaemia. In thirteen older subjects, six of whom had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, forearm blood flow either increased to a lesser degree, decreased, or remained unchanged during hypoxaemia. The mechanism for the change in forearm vascular response to induced hypoxaemia in older subjects was not apparent from these studies.
DNA Replication in Simple Eukaryons: Identification of Replisomal Complexes in Cell Extracts of Chlamydomonas reinhartii

The identification of replication proteins in eukaryons has generally been hampered by the complexity of eukaryon chromosomes, the unavailability of appropriate conditional lethal mutations, and an inability to define DNA replication in Vitro as opposed to repair or recombination reactions. As a result, we have initiated a biochemical study on the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhartii, since this organism is ideal for cell genetics, biochemical studies, and physiological manipulation in the laboratory (1). Density transfer experiments in Vivo suggest that DNA replication is restricted to a limited portion of either the mitotic or meiotic cell cycles, that DNA repair occurs during normal replication, and that recombination events are limited to meiotic gametes (2–4). Vegetatively grown cells thus appear to contain primarily the enzymes necessary for replication. We have attempted to study the DNA replication proteins by preparing extracts from the cell-wallless mutant, CW-15, of Chlamydomonas and by selecting experimental conditions which favor the formation of high molecular weight complexes which can interact with single stranded DNA. Our approach therefore relies upon observations which have been made on bacterial extracts which contain multienzymatic protein complexes that efficiently duplicate phage chromosomes (5,6).
Applying the Principle of Locality: How to Build a Robust, Technology-Agnostic Regulatory Model for Tomorrow's Electrical Grid

The prevailing business, policy, and regulatory environment for electric utilities has evolved over the last century in response to certain broadly accepted attributes of the electric system?that steady growth in electric consumption and economies of scale necessitate investment in large, central, long-lived generating assets that deliver electricity, as a commodity, to consumers through a unidirectional transmission and distribution system. Today, this paradigm is challenged by a combination of technological and behavioral factors.
Te incorporation in GaAs1−xSbx nanowires and p-i-n axial structure

We report on in situ Te-doping in GaAs1−xSbx nanowires (NWs) grown via self-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Enhanced Te incorporation in the NW at higher Te cell temperature was attested by the broadening of the x-ray diffraction peak and the presence of a strong coupled-LO phonon mode in the Raman spectra. Te-doping was estimated from the shift in the coupled-LO phonon mode to be ~2.0 × 1018/cm3. The surfactant nature of the Te modulated the growth kinetics, which was manifested in an enhanced radial growth rate with improved photoluminescence (PL) characteristics at both room temperature (RT) and 4 K. No noticeable planar defects were observed as ascertained from the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and selected-area electron diffraction patterns. Finally, we demonstrate the experimental realization of a GaAs1−xSbx axial p-type/intrinsic/n-type (p-i-n) structure on a Si substrate with Te as the n-type dopant. The GaAs1−xSbx p-i-n NW structures exhibited rectifying current–voltage (I–V) behavior. The dopant concentration and the transport parameters estimated from the PL spectra and I–V curve were found to be in good agreement.
Curriculum enactment patterns and associated factors from teachers’ perspectives

As part of a larger effort to improve teacher capacity for high-quality mathematics instruction, we investigated the factors that are associated with different enactment patterns at three levels: contextual (e.g., type and quality of textbook), individual (e.g., teacher knowledge), and teachers’ opportunity-to-learn (e.g., professional development experiences). Analysis of 183 teachers’ self-reports on their practices revealed three notable findings. First, the factors at the three levels were all found to be significantly related to the different patterns of enacted curriculum. However, the use of quality textbooks and the alignment of teachers’ views and instructional goals with curriculum goals were found to be the two factors that are most strongly associated with the enactment pattern of high-level problems and high-level teacher questions in instruction. Furthermore, teachers with the enactment pattern of increasing lower cognitive demand of problems into higher ones tended to rate their curriculum knowledge higher than teachers with the enactment pattern of using low-level problems and teacher questions in their teaching. In particular, deviation from and dissatisfaction with their assigned low-quality textbooks were found to be critical factors that are associated with the enactment pattern of increasing lower cognitive demands of problems in instruction.
Alpha Radionuclide Therapy: Principles and Applications to NETs

Radionuclide therapy of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) including carcinoids, pheochromocytomas, and paragangliomas has an established role. Until recently, therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for NETs consisted mainly of I-131 MIBG, Y-90/Lu-177/In-111 somatostatin analogs, and bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals such as Sr-89 and Sm-153. The latter reagents are beta emitters or in the case of In-111, an auger emitter. Alpha emitters have significantly more potent effects and various advantages compared to beta emitters. Although a limited number of studies have been performed with alpha emitters, only a few have targeted NETs. In this presentation, we discuss the rationale for alpha emitters, review existing clinical use of alpha emitters (Bi-213, Ac-225, Pb-212, At-211, Ra-223) in various clinical applications (non-NET), and review existing literature on the preclinical and clinical use of alpha emitters in NETs.
Clustered genomic variants specific to patients who develop immune-related colitis after ipilimumab for prediction of toxicity.

9024 Background: Ipilimumab (Ipi) is approved for metastatic melanoma based on significant survival benefits shown in phase III trials. Ipi can result in immune-mediated effects on various organ systems, leading to adverse events (AE) including diarrhea/colitis reported in 30-40% patients (pts) that can be serious and life-threatening. The ability to predict the risk of this AE may lead to new monitoring and improved management. Methods: Targeted, deep sequencing of DNA from the blood of 34 pts who underwent neoadjuvant Ipi for regionally advanced melanoma (Tarhini et al, PLOS One, 2014) was performed to detect the 21 pts who experienced diarrhea/colitis. Sequencing was focused on the coding region of 10 genes and genomic domains surrounding 9 SNPs previously associated with IBS, Crohn’s Disease and ulcerative colitis in GWAS studies. Selected amplicon libraries derived from locations on 5 chromosomes were sequenced on Ion Torrent PGM at high base density (318 chip: >1000X) and BAM files interrogated usin...
Pattern recognition techniques in remote sensing data analysis

This paper discusses several selected topics in decision-theoretic pattern recognition methods and introduces the syntactic approach to pattern recognition in remote sensing problems. The topics discussed are per-field classifications, mode estimation and sequential partitioning, feature selection and estimation of misclassification. The syntactic approach is introduced, and its application to remote sensing problems illustrated.
Using Double-Contrast CT Arthrography to Confirm Suspected Dissociation of a Cemented Polyethylene Liner in the Setting of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Case: A 67-year-old woman who underwent a re-revision of a total hip arthroplasty with a cemented polyethylene liner fell 14 months after surgery. The patient had symptoms of pain and weakness; however, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic evaluation did not disclose fracture, infection, osteolysis, or component migration. Liner dissociation was suspected, and a double-contrast computed tomography (CT) arthrogram confirmed failure at the cement-liner interface. She underwent additional revision surgery and was doing well at the 3-year follow-up. Conclusion: Double-contrast CT arthrography confirmed failure at the cement-liner interface and is an effective diagnostic tool in identifying suspected dissociations of cemented polyethylene liners.
Geographies of Exclusion: The Importance of Racial Legacies in Examining State-Level Immigration Laws:

In this article, I examine the decisions of Arizona, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, Utah, Indiana, and most recently, Texas to pass restrictive immigration omnibus bills and analyze the factors ...
An open source field trip for faculty: pre-conference workshop

Student participation in Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) projects and communities offers excellent opportunities for learning and for developing student interest in computing. This workshop will be a virtual field trip for faculty wanting to know more about FOSS communities, practices, and tools so they can take advantage of this opportunity. The workshop will provide an overview of FOSS from a development perspective, hands-on activities to introduce FOSS tools, and examples of student participation in FOSS projects. Participants will also be introduced to a variety of resources that support faculty and student participation in FOSS communities. The intended audience is computing educators at the college or high school level.
Network Experiments Through Academic-Industry Collaboration

Our main goal in this chapter is to summarize and describe our work on get-out-the-vote experiments run on the Facebook social media platform. We ran randomized experiments and observed both direct effects—a message on Election Day made Facebook users more likely to vote and cascading effects in the social network—the friends of treated users became more likely to vote. Collaborating with Facebook vastly increased the scope of our research project from what we originally planned. We will also discuss why academic collaboration with industry is not only important in general, but particularly important for understanding complex social systems. We will conclude with a discussion of some of the opportunities we see for scientific advancement in this area.
Do academics swing for the fences after tenure? Analysis of attributions data from economics research

Recent research by Brogaard et al. (J Econ Perspect 32:179–194, 2018) explores whether or not the receipt of tenure gives academics the employment protection necessary to induce them to attempt more ground-breaking or “home run” research. They discover that the number of home run publications, defined as those that are among the top 10 percent most cited of all papers published in a given year, peaks in the year of tenure for economists, and falls thereafter, thus supporting the notion that a reduction in risk-taking on the part of academic researchers appears to have occurred in recent decades. This study explores a possible alternative explanation for the prior findings that involves the exertion of research production “effort” by way of the ex ante supply of critiques of a manuscript by informal commenters. This represents an author-supplied input or effort in the production process that is related to quality control, and that can be captured through the information provided in the acknowledgement footnote of a published study. The data examined in this study suggest that if academics make an adjustment on this margin of effort during the course of an academic career, it is to increase research effort in an attempt to produce truly ground-breaking, home run research.
Measures* and Mappings

A measure in the extended sense, or just a measure*, is a non-negative, countably additive, ℝ* valued function μ on a δ-ring A with μ(∅) = 0. The function on A that is 0 at ∅ and ∞ elsewhere is a measure*, each measure is a measure*, and each finite valued measure* is a measure. Classical Lebesgue measure for ℝ (see note 4.13 (i)) is the prototypical example of a measure*. A function f is integrable (or integrable*) w.r.t. a measure* μ on A iff it is integrable (integrable*) w.r.t. the measure μ 0 = μ|{A: A ∈Aand μ(A) < ∞} and in this case ∫ f dμ = ∫ f dμ 0 . Thus the integral w.r.t. classical Lebesgue measure is indentical with the integral w.r.t. Λ1.
CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED HEAT TRANSFER

Abstract Heat transfer to the walls of a circulating bed is due to conduction from clusters of particles falling along the walls, thermal radiation, and convection to uncovered surface areas. Important hydrodynamic factors are the fraction of the wall covered by particles and the average contact time of particles at the wall. Small active heat transfer probes will give an upper limit to the heat transfer in a circulating bed. Experimental results show lower heat transfer coefficients for larger walls; heat transfer is limited by the temperature change of particle clusters moving down the walls. The contact time for clusters is related to their average displacement before breakup. For displacements of 15 cm or less, the cluster displacement approximates constant gravitational acceleration. The most pressing needs for commercial bed designers are heat transfer and hydrodynamic results valid for large diameter beds.
Process Recordings: Fine-Tuning an Old Instrument

Though seemingly old-fashioned compared to modern methods of discerning professional development, process recordings offer many benefits for social work faculty, field instructors, and students ali...
Autism Symptom Heterogeneity Exists in Family Members

Study of at-risk children who are siblings of children with autism has not discovered a standard pattern of the onset of autism symptoms. When two or more children are diagnosed with autism in one family, diagnosed siblings and fraternal twins show variation in autism symptoms. The estimated 20% risk for a second child in a family being diagnosed with autism symptoms is a composite of many separate risk rates for the many different genetic and environment risk factors for autism that vary from family to family. The broader autism phenotype theory claimed that milder forms of atypical social skills, rigid and repetitive interests, and other autism-related traits together comprised an autism-like family symptoms pattern. Although nearly 60 different autism-like symptoms were studied or proposed, researchers have not uncovered any consistent pattern of traits that would identify a standard familial broader autism phenotype.
Chapter 46 Urban transportation

Abstract We use applied microeconomics to examine several salient problems of urban transportation: traffic congestion, air pollution, the costs of motor vehicle accidents and the future of public transportation. Throughout this chapter, we focus on analytic methods and findings that bear on current policy issues, and on the factual basis for policy analysis. We find that the most promising approaches in each case are narrowly targeted to solving market failures, such as the existence of externalities, and that these approaches are unlikely to alter the overall dominance of automobiles in urban passenger transportation.
The cardiac donor: selection, preoperative care, and organ procurement and preservation

A successful cardiac transplant starts with the selection of an appropriate donor. Once consent to organ donation has been obtained, the donor should be managed aggressively in order to maintain optimal organ function. In the case of multi-organ donation, the heart is the first organ to be prepared, as well as the first to be removed. By means of simple preservation methods, the heart can be maintained for up to 4 hours ex vivo. For optimal timing and minimal ischemia, however, excellent communication and coordination is necessary on the part of transplant team members.
Electrochemical removal of hydrogen sulfide from swine manure

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produced in swine manure storage is a safety hazard to both humans and animals. An electrochemical treatment method based on low carbon steel electrodes was developed to reduce aqueous sulfide and emitted H2S concentration from manure storage. At the selected condition (applied voltage of 0.7 V, immersed electrode surface area of 19 cm2/L, initial sulfide concentration around 6 mM, and operating temperature of 19 °C), the process achieved an average sulfide removal rate of 0.97 mg S2−/(cm2·day) for the zero order kinetics model, and a rate coefficient of 0.267/day for the first order kinetics model. The electrical charge consumption was 5.26 C/mg S2−. With the removal of over 90% (95% maximum) of sulfide and H2S, the risk of massive release of H2S can be significantly reduced. The installation of this treatment technology may reduce the risk of manure pump-out in terms of H2S over-exposure and may be applied in similar circumstances where H2S poses threats to health and life.
Are Federal Child Care Programs Sufficient for Employee Retention? Critical Examination From a Gendered Perspective:

The federal government utilizes diversity management and inclusive organizational practices as principal strategies to achieve higher retention of diverse employees. Child care programs are one of ...
EpiFi: An in-Home IoT Architecture for Epidemiological Deployments

We design and build EpiFi, a novel architecture for in-home sensor networks which allows epidemiologists to easily design and deploy exposure sensing systems in homes. We work collaboratively with pediatric asthma researchers to design multiple studies and deploy EpiFi in homes. Here, we report on experiences from two years of deployments in 15 homes, of two different types of studies, including many deployments continuously monitored over the past year. Based on lessons learned from these deployments and researchers, we develop a new mechanism for sensors to bootstrap their connectivity to a subject's home WiFi router and implement data reliability mechanisms to minimize loss in the network through a long-term deplovment.
Challenging assumptions about habit: A response to Hagger (2019)

Abstract Widely cited literature assumes habits to be: (1) specific and rigid behavioral responses; (2) in response to location- and timing-stable, external contexts, (3) goal-independent, and (4) enacted without conscious awareness. Hagger (2019) recently reviewed this literature as it applies to the physical activity domain. The purpose of this article is to challenge these assumptions in favor of a habit conceptualization that is more applicable to physical activity: (1) behavioral instigation and/or execution can be habitual, allowing for variable responses to cues; (2) stable contexts can be internal or functional (cued by a preceding action) but may vary in timing and physical location; (3) a shift from external to internal goal dependence may characterize habit development; and (4) types of automaticity other than purely nonconscious enactment may characterize habitual action. I present theory and research that supports these alternative characterizations and discuss their ramifications for physical activity adoption and maintenance via habit.
Genocide: Social and Economic Aspects

This article reviews some of the major recent theoretical developments in the criminological study of genocide, discusses the possibilities for interdisciplinary theory integration, and discusses themes common among existing theories. This article of the existing genocide literature suggests that genocide is likely when a dominant group perceives a vulnerable and dehumanized group as threatening its position of dominance and the leaders of the dominant group are able to direct such insecurities into targeted violence in the absence of social control mechanisms. The article concludes by calling for empirical tests of these theoretical claims.
Heavenly Bodies: Fashion and the Catholic Imagination

“This surprising series of events led me to ask whether it is appropriate for a museum to include secular clothing and religious vestments in a single show. Was the contrast of clothing illuminatin...
Clear-sky models evaluation of two sites over Algeria for PV forecasting purpose

Clear-sky models are needed in various fields of solar energy, such as solar sensors calibration, quality control of solar data, CSP and PV energy forecasting, etc. The aim of this work is the assessment of the clear-sky models for global solar irradiance estimation. For this end, data of two sites in Algeria have been used. Models accuracy is achieved by comparison between their estimations and measurements (5-minute time steps for the Bouzareah site and 10-minute steps for the Ghardaia site). Atmospheric input data to the models enclose aerosol and water vapor measurements as well as Linke turbidity, which are determined experimentally from available solar and meteorological measurements. Results show that Inchein-Perez and ESRA models are the best clear-sky approaches which ensure excellent accuracies ($ nRMSE = 3.84\%$ and 6.26%) when compared to ground measurements.
Inheritance of resistance and response of Provisia™ rice to quizalofop-p-ethyl under U.S. field conditions

Provisia™ rice was developed recently by the BASF Corporation for control of grass weeds and is complementary to existing Clearfield® technology. Our previous research showed that resistance of Provisia™ rice to the acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase herbicide quizalofop-p-ethyl (QPE) in laboratory and greenhouse environments is governed by a single dominant Mendelian gene. However, these results may not be consistent in different populations or field environments. Therefore, the first objective of the current research is to determine the inheritance of resistance to QPE in rice using different segregating populations evaluated under U.S. field environments. The second objective is to evaluate the response of QPE-resistant breeding lines to various herbicide concentrations at two U.S. locations. Chi-square tests of 12 F2 populations evaluated in Louisiana during 2014 and 2015 indicated that QPE seedling resistance at 240 g ai ha–1 was governed by a single dominant Mendelian gene with no observable maternal effects. Similar results were obtained in five F3 populations derived from the aforementioned F2 populations. Allele-specific SNP markers for QPE resistance also followed Mendelian segregation in the five F2 populations. For the second objective, six QPE-resistant inbred lines showed transient leaf injury at 1× (120 g ai ha–1) or 2× (240 g ai ha–1) field rates 7 and 21 d after treatment (DAT). However, a trend of reduced injury (recovery) from 7 through 33 DAT was observed for all breeding material. No differences in grain yield were found between untreated QPE-resistant lines and those treated with 1× or 2× QPE field rate. Single gene inheritance and good levels of QPE herbicide field resistance in different genetic populations suggest feasibility for rapid and effective development of new QPE-resistant varieties and effective stewardship of the Provisia™ technology.Nomenclature: Quizalofop-p-ethyl; rice, Oryza sativa L.
Low Rank Plus Sparse Decomposition of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data for Target Imaging

We analyze synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging of complex ground scenes that contain both stationary and moving targets. In the usual SAR acquisition scheme, we consider ways to preprocess the data so as to separate the contributions of the moving targets from those due to stationary background reflectors. Both components of the data, that is, reflections from stationary and moving targets, are considered as signal and are needed for target imaging and tracking, respectively. The approach we use is to decompose the data matrix into a low rank and a sparse part. This decomposition enables us to capture the reflections from moving targets into the sparse part and those from stationary targets into the low rank part of the data. The computational tool for this is robust principal component analysis (RPCA) applied to the SAR data matrix. We also introduce a lossless baseband transformation of the data, which simplifies the analysis and improves the performance of the RPCA algorithm. A modified version of RPCA, the stable principal component pursuit (PCP), is robust to additive noise. Our main contribution is a theoretical analysis that determines an optimal choice of parameters for the RPCA algorithm so as to have an effective and stable separation of SAR data coming from moving and stationary targets. This analysis also gives a lower bound for detectable target velocities. We show in particular that the rank of the sparse matrix is proportional to the square root of the target's speed in the direction that connects the SAR platform trajectory to the imaging region. The robustness of the approach is illustrated with numerical simulations in the X-band SAR regime.
Skin cancer segmentation and classification with improved deep convolutional neural network

In the last few years, Deep Learning (DL) has been showing superior performance in different modalities of bio-medical image analysis. Several DL architectures have been proposed for classification, segmentation, and detection tasks in medical imaging and computational pathology. In this paper, we propose a new DL architecture, the NABLA-N network (∇N-Net), with better feature fusion techniques in decoding units for dermoscopic image segmentation tasks. The ∇N-Net has several advances for segmentation tasks. First, this model ensures better feature representation for semantic segmentation with a combination of low to high-level feature maps. Second, this network shows better quantitative and qualitative results with the same or fewer network parameters compared to other methods. In addition, the Inception Recurrent Residual Convolutional Neural Network (IRRCNN) model is used for skin cancer classification. The proposed ∇N-Net network and IRRCNN models are evaluated for skin cancer segmentation and classification on the benchmark datasets from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration 2018 (ISIC-2018). The experimental results show superior performance on segmentation tasks compared to the Recurrent Residual U-Net (R2U-Net). The classification model shows around 87% testing accuracy for dermoscopic skin cancer classification on ISIC2018 dataset.
Deep Learning for Dermatologists: Part I Fundamental Concepts

Artificial intelligence is generating substantial interest in the field of medicine. One form of artificial intelligence, deep learning, has led to rapid advances in automated image analysis. In 2017, an algorithm demonstrated the ability to diagnose certain skin cancers from clinical photographs with the accuracy of an expert dermatologist. Subsequently, deep learning has been applied to a range of dermatology applications. Although experts will never be replaced by artificial intelligence, it will certainly affect the specialty of dermatology. In this first article of a 2-part series, the basic concepts of deep learning will be reviewed with the goal of laying the groundwork for effective communication between clinicians and technical colleagues. In part 2 of the series, the clinical applications of deep learning in dermatology will be reviewed and limitations and opportunities will be considered.
Investment in local health-shaping institutions: Reconsidering the role of the religious environment

A body of research dating back to Durkheim has linked religious environments to population health and mortality rates. Scholars have argued that local religious subcultures influence population health through important pathways, including a community's propensity to invest in health-shaping institutions - such as public hospitals. A noticeable shortcoming of this literature, however, is a lack of evidence that these mechanisms exist as proposed. This study uses county-level data from the 2010 Religious Congregations and Membership Study and the 2012 U.S. Census of Governments to examine contextual religion's relationship with public investment in health-shaping institutions. Findings suggest that associations between religious traditions and institutional investment explain a significant and notable portion of the total effect of these traditions on mortality rates. This manuscript applies a more refined approach to studying health-shaping investment, and the results suggest interesting new directions in the study of cultural determinants of population health.
The Value of Tropical Plant Diversity

This new 5-page document discusses plant diversity at the UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center, environmental factors and human activities affecting these plants, assemblages of species based on levels of disturbance, human choice, and other factors, and the diverse needs these plants meet. Written by Cliff G. Martin and Zachary T. Brym, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, June 2019. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag435
Spirits in the Material World: Enhancer RNAs in Transcriptional Regulation

Responses to developmental and environmental cues depend on precise spatiotemporal control of gene transcription. Enhancers, which comprise DNA elements bound by regulatory proteins, can activate target genes in response to these external signals. Recent studies have shown that enhancers are transcribed to produce enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). Do eRNAs play a functional role in activating gene expression or are they non-functional byproducts of nearby transcription machinery? The unstable nature of eRNAs and over-reliance on knockdown approaches have made elucidating the possible functions of eRNAs challenging. We focus here on studies using cloned eRNAs to study their function as transcripts, revealing roles for eRNAs in enhancer–promoter looping, recruiting transcriptional machinery, and facilitating RNA polymerase pause–release to regulate gene expression.
Variation in interpersonal relations in manuscript reviews with different recommendations

Abstract Studies on author identity and relations in academic writing have mostly focused on research articles and relatively few studies have attended to the construction of identity in texts where there is a more obvious unequal relationship between author and reader. This paper reports on a study of interpersonal relationships constructed in an occluded genre, the manuscript review, and compares writer–reader relations across reviews with three different reviewer recommendations: ‘reject,’ ‘major revision,’ and ‘minor revision.’ An analysis of select lexicogrammatical features used in the construction of recommendations and the presence of author and reader in texts reveals the construction of a more unequal relationship between author and reader in ‘major revision’ and ‘reject’ reviews than in ‘minor revision’ reviews. This is due to the use of strong directives, the lack of author presence in mitigating negative evaluation and recommendations given, and the more direct reference to authors through the use of the second person pronoun, especially in negative comments. This study reveals that the polite and egalitarian relationship identified in public academic genres may not always be present in private academic genres and shows that author persona can vary in response to purpose, context, and readers of a genre.
A SARS-CoV-2 Cluster in an Acute Care Hospital.

Background Little is known about clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in acute care hospitals. Objective To describe the detection, mitigation, and analysis of a large cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections in an acute care hospital with mature infection control policies. Design Descriptive study. Setting Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Participants Patients and staff with cluster-related SARS-CoV-2 infections. Intervention Close contacts of infected patients and staff were identified and tested every 3 days, patients on affected units were preemptively isolated and repeatedly tested, affected units were cleaned, room ventilation was measured, and specimens were sent for whole-genome sequencing. A case-control study was done to compare clinical interactions, personal protective equipment use, and breakroom and workroom practices in SARS-CoV-2-positive versus negative staff. Measurements Description of the cluster, mitigation activities, and risk factor analysis. Results Fourteen patients and 38 staff members were included in the cluster per whole-genome sequencing and epidemiologic associations. The index case was a symptomatic patient in whom isolation was discontinued after 2 negative results on nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction testing. The patient subsequently infected multiple roommates and staff, who then infected others. Seven of 52 (13%) secondary infections were detected only on second or subsequent tests. Eight of 9 (89%) patients who shared rooms with potentially contagious patients became infected. Potential contributing factors included high viral loads, nebulization, and positive pressure in the index patient's room. Risk factors for transmission to staff included presence during nebulization, caring for patients with dyspnea or cough, lack of eye protection, at least 15 minutes of exposure to case patients, and interactions with SARS-CoV-2-positive staff in clinical areas. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed that 2 staff members were infected despite wearing surgical masks and eye protection. Limitation Findings may not be generalizable. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 clusters can occur in hospitals despite robust infection control policies. Insights from this cluster may inform additional measures to protect patients and staff. Primary funding source None.
Interaction with Caged Budgerigars (Melopsittacus Undulatus) Enhances Human Affect

Research interest in the benefits of human–animal interaction (HAI) has grown within the scientific community. One current limitation in the HAI literature however, is that the majority of research...
Diagnosed primary causes of death in domestic sheep of all ages in the Intermountain West

The 5.2 million domestic sheep in the U.S. resulted in $360 million in sales during 2016. Causes of sheep death were last summarized 25 years ago. The objective of this descriptive case series study was to summarize the diagnoses at necropsy of primary cause of death in 246 sheep including aborted fetuses from the Intermountain West over a 7-year period.
Survival after intentional ingestion of highly concentrated, bulk nicotine solution

To the Editor,Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) provide an alternative method of nicotine consumption to conventional cigarettes. With the rising popularity of e-cigarettes, online retailers hav...
Using Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) to inquire into Pre-service teachers’ science lesson planning considerations

This paper shares my experiences with the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) framework in my university science methods course. Incorporating SoTL not only enabled me to inquire into my own teaching as a scholarly activity but also engaged my students in critical reflections. I used the principles and characteristics of SoTL to design this inquiry by; a) creating a new instructional framework for lesson planning; b) facilitating students’ reflections on their experiences with the new framework; and c) documenting and presenting this inquiry as a scholarly activity. Forty-eight pre service teachers (N = 48), 43 women and 5 men participated in this inquiry. Qualitative data was collected and analyzed simultaneously over a period of three semesters to critically inform the inquiry. Data comprised of pre-service teachers’ reflective pieces, personal interviews, and lesson plans. Results indicated that pre-service teachers’ experiences with the new instructional framework was challenging and rewarding at the same time. Data also indicated that some participants identified a disconnect between lesson plan writing and teaching processes. My engagement with the SoTL indicated that the new instructional framework helped pre-service teachers to engage critically with Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and increased their comfort level in science
Intervention strategies to eliminate truck-related fatalities in surface coal mining in West Virginia

The main objective of this review was to build upon a previous study on the root causes of truck-related fatalities in surface coal mining operations in West Virginia, and to develop intervention strategies to eliminate these fatalities. This review considers a two-pronged approach to accident prevention: one that is fundamental and traditional (safety regulations, training and education, and engineering of the work environment); and one that is innovative and creative (e.g., applying technological advances to better control and eliminate the root causes of accidents). Suggestions for improving current training and education system are proposed, and recommendations are provided on improving the safety of mine working conditions, specifically safety conditions on haul roads, dump sites, and loading areas. We also discuss various currently available technologies that can help prevent haul truck-related fatal accidents. The results of this review should be used by mine personnel to help create safer working ...
Detection of Hydrogen Emission Line 166α in M17

THE existence of recombination lines of highly excited states of hydrogen is well established through recent radio observations1,2 of various galactic H II regions. This communication reports the detection and analysis of a new line n167→n166 (1,424.736 Mc/s) in M17, which extends our previous results1 to lower frequencies. This particular n→n−1 transition lies closest to the well-known 21-cm hyperfine line of interstellar hydrogen. We also suggest a convenient notation for the various transitions.
Simulation studies for the detection of changes in broadband albedo and shortwave nadir reflectance spectra under a climate change scenario

[1] Climate forcing by greenhouse gases and aerosols and climate feedbacks from snow, sea-ice, and clouds all significantly impact the future evolution of the climate system's shortwave energy budget. We examine prospects for tracking changes in these forcings and feedbacks using top-of-atmosphere measurements of shortwave reflected radiation. We quantify the extent to which spectral measurements may reduce the time required to detect changes in the climate the climate system with high statistical confidence relative to conventional broadband measurements. We have developed an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) based on the Community Climate System Model 3.0 for the NASA CLARREO mission and have analyzed forced and unforced simulations of the 21st Century from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments. We find that changes in the simulated nadir spectral reflectance measurements in the visible window and between near-infrared water-vapor overtone channels under clear-sky conditions are detectible faster than the corresponding changes in broadband albedo, with many trends detectible within a five-year satellite mission lifetime. Under all-sky conditions, the superposition of unforced cloud variability on the secular climate trends lengthens the times required for climate-change detection in both the spectral and broadband data. However, migration of the ITCZ and stratus regions can be detected after 16–18 years of observation while broadband albedo measurements require 33–61 years of observation. We find that measurement uncertainty and instrument drift significantly lengthen detection times for broadband albedo and spectral reflectances in window channels but do not have the same effect for spectral measurements in water vapor bands.
The Kids Are (Not?) All Right: Negotiating Agency in the Wake of Sexual Revolution

Building upon claims that young people have inherited contradictory messages about sexual empowerment, Heather Powers Albanesi addresses some difficult questions about how young people make meaning...
Analog VLSI circuits for visual motion-based adaptation of post-saccadic drift

Using the analog VLSI-based saccadic eye movement system previously developed we investigate the use of biologically realistic error signals to calibrate the system in a manner similar to the primate oculomotor system. In this paper we introduce two new circuit components which are used to perform this task, a resettable-integrator model of the burst generator with a floating-gate structure to provide on-chip storage of analog parameters and a directionally-selective motion detector for detecting post-saccadic drift.
Simulation of electrical field and energy deposition in tissue using gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles with an optimal light absorption capacity in the near-infrared region, small size, and spherical shape are perfect to penetrate cancer cells and destroy them. Gold nanoparticles were chosen with nearly perfect spheres that ranged in size from 10 to 40 nanometers in radius. 3D simulation of gold nanoparticles was investigated through Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) software package DDSCAT and COMSOL Multiphysics software. The input optical pump laser was assumed to be plan wave. The distribution of the gold nanoparticles around the tumor was assumed to be uniform. The simulation shows the heat absorption peaks would be 90% at the wavelength of 8µm for gold nanoparticles with radius of 30nm and 25 nm distance from each other.
Pre-Employment Inquiries: Drug Testing, Alcohol Screening, Physical Exams, Honesty Testing, Genetics Screening - Do They Discriminate?

How do employers decide who to hire for their workplace? Are there tests that are administered to screen out those job applicants that do not fit the employer's for good, honest, hard-working, never-complaining workers? Do employers use screening devices to discriminate against persons with disabilities? What kinds of screening tests do employers use to assist in hiring workers for their company? Fifty-four of the Fortune 500 companies from across the country were surveyed to elicit their opinions on these and other questions relating to pre-employment inquiries. The responses of these companies are tabulated and discussed and serve as a backdrop in this Article which analyzes pre-employment screening practices. Also, a look into the not too distant future where honesty and integrity testing are on the rise and genetics testing of job applicants is heading into the employment arena. Court cases in the area of pre-employment inquiries are analyzed and federal statutes are reviewed and discussed to demonstrate the prevalence of certain forms of employment tests being administered.The U.S. Census Bureau reported in 1988 that 13,415,000 people had a work disability, comprising 8.6% of the 16 to 64 year old population. The number of disabled persons participating in the labor force was 31.6%, however, only 18.2% of the 13.4 million people with a work disability were employed full time. The unemployment rate for those persons with a work disability was much greater than for those with no work disability, 14.2% as compared to 5.8%. Persons with a work disability earned less than half the income of those persons with no disability, $6,319 median annual income as compared to $14,354 of those persons with no work disability.These statistics serve as a reminder that many disabled people continue to face obstacles in gaining access into the employment arena. This Article will reveal how disabled persons are at greater risk when employers increase their screening and testing arsenal in the job selection area.