cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Highly Pathogenic New World and Old World Human Arenaviruses Induce Distinct Interferon Responses in Human Cells

UNLABELLED The arenavirus family includes several important pathogens that cause severe and sometimes fatal diseases in humans. The highly pathogenic Old World (OW) arenavirus Lassa fever virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF) disease in humans. LASV infections in severe cases are generally immunosuppressive without stimulating interferon (IFN) induction, a proinflammatory response, or T cell activation. However, the host innate immune responses to highly pathogenic New World (NW) arenaviruses are not well understood. We have previously shown that the highly pathogenic NW arenavirus, Junin virus (JUNV), induced an IFN response in human A549 cells. Here, we report that Machupo virus (MACV), another highly pathogenic NW arenavirus, also induces an IFN response. Importantly, both pathogenic NW arenaviruses, in contrast to the OW highly pathogenic arenavirus LASV, readily elicited an IFN response in human primary dendritic cells and A549 cells. Coinfection experiments revealed that LASV could potently inhibit MACV-activated IFN responses even at 6 h after MACV infection, while the replication levels of MACV and LASV were not affected by virus coinfection. Our results clearly demonstrated that although all viruses studied herein are highly pathogenic to humans, the host IFN responses toward infections with the NW arenaviruses JUNV and MACV are quite different from responses to infections with the OW arenavirus LASV, a discovery that needs to be further investigated in relevant animal models. This finding might help us better understand various interplays between the host immune system and highly pathogenic arenaviruses as well as distinct mechanisms underlying viral pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Infections of humans with the highly pathogenic OW LASV are accompanied by potent suppression of interferon or proinflammatory cytokine production. In contrast, infections with the highly pathogenic NW arenavirus JUNV are associated with high levels of IFNs and cytokines in severe and fatal cases. Arenaviruses initially target macrophages and dendritic cells, which are potent IFN/cytokine-producers. In human macrophages, JUNV reportedly does not trigger IFN responses. We here demonstrated that JUNV activated IFN responses in human dendritic cells. MACV, another highly pathogenic NW arenavirus, also activated IFN responses. LASV did not induce detectable IFN responses, in spite of higher replication levels, and blocked the MACV-triggered IFN response in a coinfection assay. Although these viruses are highly pathogenic to humans, our study highlights distinct innate immune responses to infections with the NW arenaviruses JUNV and MACV and to infection with the OW arenavirus LASV and provides important insights into the virus-host interaction and pathogenesis.
The Hag Protein of Moraxella catarrhalis Strain O35E Is Associated with Adherence to Human Lung and Middle Ear Cells

Previous studies have demonstrated that the Moraxella catarrhalis surface antigen UspA1 is an adhesin for Chang human conjunctival cells. The present report demonstrates that lack of UspA1 expression does not affect the adherence of strain O35E to A549 human lung cells or primary cultures of human middle ear epithelial (HMEE) cells. These results imply that another molecule mediates the adherence of M. catarrhalis to these two cell lines. To identify this adhesin, strain O35E was mutagenized with a transposon and 1,000 mutants were screened in a microcolony formation assay using A549 cells. Nine independent isolates exhibited an 8- to 19-fold reduction in adherence and contained a transposon in the same locus. Nucleotide sequence data and PCR analysis indicated that the transposons were inserted in different locations in the gene encoding the surface protein Hag. Quantitative assays using one representative transposon mutant, O35E.TN2, showed considerably decreased binding to A549 as well as HMEE cells. However, this mutant adhered at wild-type levels to Chang conjunctival cells. These findings suggest that the M. catarrhalis Hag protein is an adhesin for cell lines derived from human lung and middle ear tissues.
Imaging of the ductus venosus in neonates: from patency to closure.

Objective To familiarize the radiologist with the variable sonographic appearance of the involuting ductus venosus in neonates. Methods Five sick neonates ranging in age from 24 to 42 weeks had abdominal sonographic examinations to check for intra-abdominal diseases. Results Doppler sonography showed a patent ductus venosus in 3 neonates and a ductus venosus with thrombosis in 2 neonates. The ductus venosus was identified in the liver between the left portal vein and the inferior vena cava. In 2 patients, follow-up sonography showed that the ductus venosus progressively had thrombosis and then disappeared. Conclusions The ductus venosus in a neonate has a variable sonographic appearance depending on its stage of involution. Its detection in a sick neonate can lead to inadvertent diagnosis of a hepatic varix, an abscess, or a tumor.
Myotubes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells mirror in vivo insulin resistance

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) represent a unique tool for the study of the pathophysiology of human disease, because these cells can be differentiated into multiple cell types in vitro and used to generate patient- and tissue-specific disease models. Given the critical role for skeletal muscle insulin resistance in whole-body glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes, we have created a novel cellular model of human muscle insulin resistance by differentiating iPS cells from individuals with mutations in the insulin receptor (IR-Mut) into functional myotubes and characterizing their response to insulin in comparison with controls. Morphologically, IR-Mut cells differentiated normally, but had delayed expression of some muscle differentiation-related genes. Most importantly, whereas control iPS-derived myotubes exhibited in vitro responses similar to primary differentiated human myoblasts, IR-Mut myotubes demonstrated severe impairment in insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Transcriptional regulation was also perturbed in IR-Mut myotubes with reduced insulin-stimulated expression of metabolic and early growth response genes. Thus, iPS-derived myotubes from individuals with genetically determined insulin resistance demonstrate many of the defects observed in vivo in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle and provide a new model to analyze the molecular impact of muscle insulin resistance.
Centella asiatica modulates antioxidant and mitochondrial pathways and improves cognitive function in mice

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance This study investigates the cognitive enhancing effects of the plant Centella asiatica which is widely used Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine. Aim of the study The goal of this study was to determine the effects of a water extract of the medicinal plant Centella asiatica (CAW) on cognitive ability as well as mitochondrial and antioxidant response pathways in vivo. Materials and methods Old and young C57BL/6 mice were treated with CAW (2 mg/mL) in their drinking water. Learning and memory was assessed using Morris Water Maze (MWM) and then tissue was collected and gene expression analyzed. Results CAW improved performance in the MWM in aged animals and had a modest effect on the performance of young animals. CAW also increased the expression of mitochondrial and antioxidant response genes in the brain and liver of both young and old animals. Expression of synaptic markers was also increased in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, but not in the cerebellum of CAW-treated animals. Conclusions These data indicate a cognitive enhancing effect of CAW in healthy mice. The gene expression changes caused by CAW suggest a possible effect on mitochondrial biogenesis, which in conjunction with activation of antioxidant response genes could contribute to cognitive improvement.
Freeze and frost protection with aqueous foam--field experiments.

Newly formulated aqueous foam was tested in the field. The foam demonstrated the longevity necessary for practical field use. Soil temperatures beneath an insulation layer of aqueous foam were measured to determine the effectiveness of foam as soil mulch. Leaf temperature within a canopy was monitored to observe the modification of plant leaf temperature, and to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of foam applied directly to the leaf canopy. Leaves were not damaged after being covered with the foam for two weeks. The foam-protected soil was effectively insulated, and the aqueous foam proved to be an effective radiation shield against the cold night sky. Temperature differences as high as 5 oC (9 oF) were measured between the foam-covered and uncovered copper metal plates, which were used to simulate plant leaves. The foam covered plates were ≈80% as effective as the aluminum foil covered plates in reducing radiation heat transfer.
Performance of an Early Infant Diagnostic Test, AmpliSens DNA-HIV-FRT, Using Dried Blood Spots Collected from Children Born to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Mothers in Ukraine

An accurate accessible test for early infant diagnosis (EID) is crucial for identifying HIV-infected infants and linking them to treatment. To improve EID services in Ukraine, dried blood spot (DBS) samples obtained from 237 HIV-exposed children (≤18 months of age) in six regions in Ukraine in 2012 to 2013 were tested with the AmpliSens DNA-HIV-FRT assay, the Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan (CAP/CTM) HIV-1 Qual test, and the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Qualitative assay. In comparison with the paired whole-blood results generated from AmpliSens testing at the oblast HIV reference laboratories in Ukraine, the sensitivity was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.00) for the AmpliSens and Roche CAP/CTM Qual assays and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90 to 0.98) for the Abbott Qualitative assay. The specificity was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.00) for the AmpliSens and Abbott Qualitative assays and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.00) for the Roche CAP/CTM Qual assay. McNemar analysis indicated that the proportions of positive results for the tests were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Cohen's kappa (0.97 to 0.99) indicated almost perfect agreement among the three tests. These results indicated that the AmpliSens DBS and whole-blood tests performed equally well and were comparable to the two commercially available EID tests. More importantly, the performance characteristics of the AmpliSens DBS test meets the World Health Organization EID test requirements; implementing AmpliSens DBS testing might improve EID services in resource-limited settings.
Classical Field Theory—Electrodynamics

This chapter again grew out of Schwinger’s UCLA lectures. These evolved, torturously, into Chap. 9 of Classical Electrodynamics (Schwinger 1998). Here we use Gaussian units.
Who'll stomp the rain?

The year 2015 has been noteworthy for peculiar patterns of precipitation. Perhaps best known is the precipitation situation in California, where its prolonged, conspicuous absence has resulted in widespread drought and imposition of draconian water conservation regulations. In other parts of the world, though, it's what did fall from the sky that was remarkable. In May 2015, the town of Goulbourn, New South Wales, in Australia, experienced the phenomenon known as “spider rain,” whereby “millions of baby spiders appeared to be raining from the sky” (Ting 2015). As Australian naturalist Martyn Robinson explained to his worried compatriots, “spider rain” may result from mass migration of spiderlings via ballooning or by mass dispersal after heavy rains or floods leave spider habitats waterlogged and uninhabitable. Robinson also related that, on some occasions, “you can have entire fields and paddocks and trees festooned with this gossamer or Angel Hair, as some people call it.” ![Graphic][1] As it turns out, “angel hair” events are not unusual in Australia, but they're not always the result of spider rain. Keith Basterfield, a “South Australian retiree,” has spent more than 14 years meticulously documenting “angel hair” events and has turned up records of more than a dozen such events since 1914 (http://bit.ly/1Dx-PZBk). Reading through his Catalogue and Analysis of Australian ‘Angel Hair’ Cases is enlightening but arachnologically disappointing; only six of the 19 or so cases could be definitively attributed to spiders—Grace Plains in 1920; Gundagi in 1964; Adelaide Hills in 1968; Glenelg, Adelaide in 1968, Peterborough in 1968; and Wynn Vale, Adelaide in 1982. There's an interesting … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Theoretical and experimental pressure-strain comparison in a pressure-driven three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer

Comparisons of experimentally-extracted pressure/rate-of-strain values were made to theoretical pressure-strain models for several locations of a wingbody junction flow. The experimental pressure/rate-ofstrain results were calculated by Olcmen and Simpson (1996a) from data obtained with a LDV technique. The data consist of profiles of mean velocity and higher order moments including quadruple products in a twodimensional turbulent boundary layer (2DTBL), a strongly skewed three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer (3DTBL), in the vicinity of a 3-D separation line, and around the center of the horse-shoe vortex that forms around the wing. Several linear and non-linear pressure/rate-of-strain models are tested using the measured quantities as input to the models. The tested models are the Launder-Reece-Rodi (1975), GibsonLaunder (1978), Oberlack-Peters (1993), Fu-LaunderTselepidakis (1987) (2 models), Shih-Lumley/Choi-Lumley (1985,1984), and Speziale-Sarkar-Gatski (1991). Nomenclature anisotropy tensor convection tensor fluctuating pressure component production tensor pressure diffusion tensor Reynolds number based on momentum thickness rate-of-strain tensor turbulent-diffusion tensor PR, PD
Cytosine Arabinoside Sensitivity in Actinobolin-Resistant Streptococcus faecalis The Basis of a Utilitarian Microbiological Assay.

SummaryThe observation that cytosine arabinoside was inhibitory for a strain of Streptococcus faecalis resistant to the antibiotic actinobolin served as the basis for the development of a microbiological assay for cytosine arabinoside in biological materials. Small volumes of less than one ml are sufficient for the assay and as little as 3 μg of cytosine arabinoside/ml of sample can be measured. The biological utility of this assay has been demonstrated.
CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK RECLASSIFICATION

Recent guidelines propose the use of the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) score to assess an individual’s risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Limited data exist evaluating the role of coronary artery calcium score (CACS) as an adjunct to the ASCVD score and general CV
Operation optimization problem of hot rolling based on the transcendental geometric programming

A mathematic model is built for the operation optimization problem of hot rolling. It is difficult to get global optimization for the operation optimization problem that has highly nonlinear characteristic. Considering the structural characteristics of the mathematic model, the operation optimization model is turned into a transcendental geometric programming model. The transcendental geometric programming model which is transformed from the operation optimization model of hot rolling cannot get the global optimization directly because the model has logarithmic terms. Based on the model structural, some theoretical analysis and mathematical transformation are given, which can help the operation optimization model of hot rolling transform into a convex programming model. Convex programming software can be used to solve the convex programming model.
Evaluation of Optical Coherence Tomography as a Means of Identifying Earlier Stage Basal Cell Carcinomas while Reducing the Use of Diagnostic Biopsy.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography for basal cell carcinoma and the proportion of biopsies that could be avoided if optical coherence tomography is used to rule-in surgery. Design: Multicenter, prospective, observational study. Setting: Dermatology clinics. Participants: Consecutive patients with clinically challenging pink lesions suspicious for basal cell carcinoma. Measurements: Clinical, dermoscopic, and optical coherence tomography images were obtained for all subjects. At each stage, the clinician made a diagnosis (pathology + subtype if applicable), and assessed his/her own confidence in the diagnosis. Results: Optical coherence tomography significantly (p 95% confident) in 17 percent of lesions examined clinically, in 38.6 percent examined with dermoscopy, and in 70 percent examined with optical coherence tomography. With the use of optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, more than 1 in 3 patients could avoid a diagnostic biopsy. Conclusion: In a population of clinically challenging lesions, optical coherence tomography improved diagnostic certainty by a factor of four over clinical examination alone and improved diagnostic accuracy by 50 percent (57-88%). The addition of optical coherence tomography to other standard assessments can improve the false-positive rate and give a high degree of certainty for ruling in a positive diagnosis for basal cell carcinoma. A reduction of 36 percent in overall biopsies could be achieved by sending high certainty basal cell carcinoma positive optical coherence tomography diagnoses straight to surgery.
Dualists needn’t be anti-criterialists (nor should they be)

Sometimes in philosophy one view engenders another. If you hold the first, chances are you hold the second. But it’s not always because the first entails the second. Sometimes the tie is less clear, less clean. One such tie is between substance dualism and anti-criterialism. Substance dualism is the view that people are, at least in part, immaterial mental substances. Anti-criterialism is the view that there is no criterion of personal identity through time. Most philosophers who hold the first view also hold the second. In fact, many philosophers just assume that substance dualists ought to, or perhaps even have to, accept anti-criterialism. But I aim to show that this assumption is baseless. Substance dualism doesn’t entail, suggest, support, or in any way motivate anti-criterialism, and anti-criterialism confers no benefit on dualism. Substance dualists have no special reason—and, indeed, no good reason at all—to accept anti-criterialism. Or so I shall argue. My aim isn’t to defend substance dualism, nor is it to attack anti-criterialism. My aim is to show that, contrary to a long-standing trend, dualists needn’t be anti-criterialists. Nor, as it will turn out, should they be.
A mortar method based on NURBS for curved interfaces

Abstract To tackle general sub-domain problems in geomechanics, we present an MFEM scheme on curved interfaces based on NURBS curves and surfaces. The goal is to have a more robust geometrical representation for mortar spaces, which allows gluing non-conforming interfaces on realistic geometries. The resulting mortar saddle-point problem is decoupled using standard domain decomposition techniques such as Dirichlet–Neumann, to exploit current parallel machine architectures. Two- and three-dimensional examples ranging from near-wellbore applications to field level subsidence computations show that the proposed scheme can handle problems of practical interest.
Forgiveness: Communicative Implications for Social Relationships

In the last decade, psychologists, philosophers, and, most recently, communication scholars generated a significant body of research focusing on responses to relational injury. Forgiveness is one such response that has profound possibilities for affecting relationships of couples, groups, families, organizations, and nations. The following essay overviews the extant literature on forgiveness, from historical understandings to more recent social science-based and philosophical conceptualizations. We specifically emphasize the role of communication in the forgiveness process and offer a communication-based definition of forgiveness. The essay concludes by developing a necessary research agenda focusing on the communication implications of studying forgiveness.
Permeation, Gating, and Modulation of the TRPA1 Channel in Long-Timescale Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The cation channel TRPA1, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel superfamily, is a promising drug target in pain and inflammatory diseases, but its function and dynamics—including ion permeation and channel gating—are not well understood at the structural level. We have used the recently published cryo-EM structure of the closed, non-conducting state of TRPA1 (Paulsen et al., Nature, 2015) as a starting point to study the functional states and activation of this channel using long-timescale, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations enabled by special-purpose hardware. A key functional region of TRPA1—the channel's selectivity filter (SF)—was unstable in simulations started from the cryo-EM model of the closed state, even when using extensive restraints. We constructed an alternative model of the SF region based on a high-resolution crystal structure of a closely related ion channel. This SF model, which is compatible with experimental data, remained stable on simulation timescales of 100 µs or longer, allowing us to study ion permeation in TRPA1 at the single-ion level. To study ion permeation across the open channel, we introduced a mutation (V961R) within the TRPA1 internal gate, leading to a rapid pore opening. Upon subsequent back mutation to the wild-type protein, the pore remained in an open, conducting conformation. Additional simulations under an applied membrane potential, moreover, led to direct observation of inward and outward ionic currents and suggested a novel structural determinant of channel gating within the SF region. We also studied modulation of the open and conducting channel by performing free binding simulations with the TRPA1 inhibitor, A-967079, which, intriguingly, was observed to bind in a location previously hypothesized to be a potential binding site.
Observations of the global haze redistribution on Titan from 2006 to 2015 with OSIRIS at Keck

Abstract We observed Titan with the OH Suppressing InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (OSIRIS) at the W. M. Keck observatory from 2006 through 2015 using adaptive optics. The sunlight scattered by atmospheric haze was spatially resolved in the 2.0 µm (K) band window, and the spectra were analyzed with a radiative transfer model to determine the vertical (altitude) and meridional (latitudinal) variation in the haze distribution over this time period. This study complements recent work by Karkoschka (2016) in the season of observations, in the time span and sampling interval, in wavelength coverage and spectral resolution, as well as in the radiative transfer methodology and analysis. We observe the largest meridional gradient in haze opacity above 20 km toward the northern hemisphere in January 2010. Individual observations can show significant deviations from a relatively smooth linear gradient in haze across the entire disk. The variation in haze below 20 km is rarely well-described by a simple model and there is a systematically smaller amount of haze opacity retrieved from the equator to 10° S when observing the disk with a sub-observer longitude near 150° W. This correlation with longitude suggests one of the following; a localized decrease in haze scattering, a localized increase in gas opacity, or a systematic over-estimate of the surface albedo in this region.
Social studies instruction for students with mild disabilities: An (updated) progress report

Abstract Over the past two decades, there has been a marked increase in the number of students with mild disabilities who receive social studies instruction in the general education classroom. This research uses the seminal 1994 Passe and Beattie study as a comparative referent to examine current instructional strategies used to teach such students. The current study sought to answer: What instructional practices do contemporary general educators use to teach social studies to students with disabilities? And have these practices changed in twenty-years? Comparative and comparison results are provided with suggestions to differentiate social studies instruction to meet the learning needs of students with mild disabilities.
Creative Teaching: A Search for the Kinds of Rneaninqhrl Activities that Best Fulfill the Teacher's Obligation to Youth

(1961). Creative Teaching. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 17-18.
A METHOD FOR THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN DESIGN OF PWM-CONTROLLED PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS

This paper presents a rigorous analysis and design method for PWM-based control of pneumatic systems. An equivalent analytical model incorporating the effects of a finite PWM switching period is formulated. This equivalent model was motivated by a lack of control design and analysis techniques needed to treat the inherently non-analytical switching models associated with PWM-based systems. The equivalent model enables the design of a loop compensator that rigorously addresses control design issues of stability robustness, disturbance rejection, insensitivity to sensor noise, performance bandwidth and actuator saturation. Simulation of this compensator with both the equivalent design model and a full nonlinear switching model for a particular pneumatic robot application is presented which demonstrates and validates the proposed method.
Application of a Surimi-Based Coating to Improve the Quality Attributes of Shrimp during Refrigerated Storage

Shrimp is a popular seafood throughout the world. However, shrimp is highly perishable due to biochemical, microbiological, or physical changes during postmortem storage. In this study, the effect of a surimi-based coating with and without montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay on shrimp quality was evaluated during eight days of refrigerator storage. Use of a surimi-based coating resulted in reductions of aerobic plate counts (APC) up to 2 log units. The combined effect of the MMT and coating was observed. Surimi-based coating with MMT resulted in lower APC (p < 0.05) toward the end of storage. The application of surimi-based coating with MMT to the shrimp samples improved sensory quality and delayed lipid oxidation and color deterioration during storage time. In general, better texture was observed when coating was applied either with or without MMT. This study suggests that surimi-based coating may improve the quality of shrimp during refrigerated storage.
Spreading law in a highly interconnected world

Infectious diseases and computer malwares spread among humans and computers through the network of contacts among them. These networks are characterized by wide connectivity fluctuations, connectivity correlations and the small world property. I show that these network properties lead to a novel spreading law which exhibits an initial power law growth, with an exponent determined by the average node distance on the network. This behavior is furthermore diminished or enhanced by disassortative or assortative connectivity correlations, respectively. Based on our current knowledge of several networks underlying the spreading of infectious diseases and computer malwares I predict that this law should characterize modern epidemic outbreaks. Finally I discuss the impact of these results on intervention strategies to halt epidemic outbreaks.
Palliative care utilization following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States.

Abstract Aims Palliative care (PC) has become an integral component of comprehensive care provided to critically ill patients. Little is known about the utilization of palliative care following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) in the United States. Methods We used the 2002–2013 National Inpatient Sample database to identify adults ≥18 years old with an ICD-9-CM principal diagnosis code of cardio-respiratory arrest or ventricular fibrillation (VF). Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence of PC, then compared using Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables and linear regression for continuous variables. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with PC, and temporal trends in PC utilization. Results Of the 154,177 patients hospitalized with OHCA in the U.S, 11,260 (7.3%) had PC consultations during hospitalization. PC Utilization increased from 1.5% in 2002 to 16.7% in 2013 (P-trend Conclusion We observed significant increase in the utilization of palliative care consultations following OHCA over the study period. This was influenced by multiple patient and hospital factors. Further investigations are needed to identify the appropriate cost-effective use of palliative care following cardiac arrest.
Recurrent Occipital Seizures with Transient MRI Changes

Peri-ictal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings following seizure activity are a recognized phenomenon that is not well understood (Cole, 2004). Transient changes are not usually expected to be present in postictal MRI studies because of their rarity. Here, we present a unique case of peri-ictal MRI findings located in the occipital lobe, present in a 34-year-old female with recurrent occipital seizures occurring twice in four years. MRI changes completely resolved after both episodes with no residual focal damage. The peri-ictal occipital changes on MRI in this patient are unique because they have been captured on more than one occasion. Peri-ictal MRI findings are a known phenomenon with unknown pathophysiology, although attempts have been made to understand these findings. Though the MRI findings and presentation appear to be stroke-like or PRES-like, seizures should be kept in the differential for better treatment outcomes.
The Birth Process and Voice Training: The Glorious Chorus: A Qualitative Pilot Inquiry

AbstractThis study is a qualitative pilot inquiry that explores the relationship between voice methods for performance and childbirth. The authors are trained actors, and during their labor processes, they each found themselves relying on the vocal work they had learned in their acting training. This experience encouraged the authors to explore their own experiences and initiate this study. The central questions were: Had other mothers with similar backgrounds used voice training within the context of birth? What might vocal work offer to a laboring woman that is unique? What insights might childbirth professionals offer on the relationship between breath, voice, and birth? The authors interviewed actor-mothers, birthing professionals, and childbirth educators and used this qualitative data, along with the author’s experiences and research literature to create early themes that reflect on the research questions. The data suggests that actor-mothers benefitted during childbirth from their exposure to vocal...
Apple peel morphology and attachment of Listeria innocua through aqueous environment as shown by scanning electron microscopy

Abstract The industrial apple packing process begins with submerging the harvested or stored apples into the water dump tank and carrying them by water flumes through various washing steps before drying and packing. Constant introduction of organic matter and water recirculation introduces the risk of apples being cross-contaminated with pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes. This study investigated the relationship between the apple peel microstructure and attachment of bacteria in an aqueous environment. Whole fresh apples of three varieties (viz., Gala, Golden Delicious, and Granny Smith) were inoculated with L. innocua, a surrogate strain of L. monocytogenes, by submerging the apples into the inoculum solution containing ∼106 CFU/mL level. Apples were carefully turned around in the inoculum for 10 min simulating industrial dump tank and fumes conditions. Attachment of L. innocua, to different apple peel sections, was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Textural characteristics varied considerably among apple varieties. Generally, the apple peel was covered with an amorphous layer of wax, disrupted by microcracks, lenticels, and occasionally overlaid with various types of epicuticular wax platelets. Listeria innocua attached primarily to the apple peel in the stem bowl and calyx sections, embedding in the microcracks, lenticels and on the surface of the trichomes. Bacteria were difficult to locate on the smooth peel surface in the equatorial section of the apples. Results provide valuable information on Listeria attachment on apples which can be used in developing new intervention methods of microbial decontamination.
Case 16-2018: A 45-Year-Old Man with Fever, Thrombocytopenia, and Elevated Aminotransferase Levels.

A Man with Fever, Thrombocytopenia, and Elevated Aminotransferase Levels A 45-year-old man from New England presented with fever, thrombocytopenia, and elevated aminotransferase levels several mont...
The Companionship of Lean and Fat

This statement is as true today as when it was uttered years ago; indeed, approximation is the hallmark of all body composition techniques, and it is this basic fault together with the innate variability and fluctuations of biological systems which render our results less exact than desired.
Explicability versus Explanations in Human-Aware Planning

Human aware planning requires an agent to be aware of the mental model of the human in the loop during its decision process. This can involve generating plans that are explicable to the human as well as the ability to provide explanations when such plans cannot be generated. In this paper, we bring these two concepts together and show how an agent can account for both these needs and achieve a trade-off during the plan generation process itself by means of a model-space search method MEGA*. This provides a revised perspective of what it means for an AI agent to be "human-aware" by bringing together recent works on explicable planning and plans explanations under the umbrella of a single plan generation process. We illustrate these concepts using a robot involved in a typical search and reconnaissance task with an external supervisor.
Clinical utility of molecular testing to select therapy in relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine experience.

11571Background: Relapsed/refractory (R/R) non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) have a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. Our expanding knowledge of molecular alterations seen in R/R NHL allows ...
Mission Resilience for Future Army Tactical Networks

Cyber-physical systems are an integral component of weapons, sensors, and autonomous vehicles, as well as cyber assets directly supporting tactical forces. Mission resilience of tactical networks affects command and control, which is important for successful military operations. Traditional engineering methods for mission assurance will not scale during battlefield operations. Commanders need useful mission resilience metrics to help them evaluate the ability of cyber assets to recover from incidents to fulfill mission essential functions. We develop 6 cyber resilience metrics for tactical network architectures. We also illuminate how psychometric modeling is necessary for future research to identify resilience metrics that are both applicable to the dynamic mission state and meaningful to commanders and planners.
From Nuisances to Neighbors: Inclusion of Patrons Experiencing Homelessness Through Library and Social Work Partnerships

Public libraries have found themselves, often reluctantly, on the frontline of homelessness. By virtue of being temperature-controlled public spaces with free internet access, libraries provide daytime shelter for thousands of patrons experiencing homelessness. Sometimes considered “problem patrons,” persons experiencing homelessness are at times unfairly targeted by library policies. Violations create the potential for police involvement and arrest, and may contribute to the criminalization of homelessness. Simultaneously, a trend is beginning to emerge of libraries providing or co-locating social services for persons experiencing homelessness. As library services expand, schools of social work have the opportunity to lend both their research and practice expertise. Specifically, schools of social work have the opportunity to partner with public libraries to conduct localized needs assessments of persons experiencing homelessness. Needs assessments should include the direct surveying of patrons, including those experiencing homelessness, to make sure resulting recommendations for library programs and services will be inclusive of all patrons.
Why historicize rights-subjectivities? Children's rights, compulsory schooling, and the deregulation of child labor in India

How might we interpret the continuing inability of most marginal populations in the majority world to make claims based on the legal guarantees made available by the new regime of child rights gove...
On the peripheral intensification of two-dimensional vortices in smaller-scale randomly forcing flow

The evolution of a monopolar vortex embedded in the field of smaller-scale randomly forced vorticity is examined using fully nonlinear two-dimensional simulations at large Reynolds numbers. The vortex is considered to be compact if its angular momentum decreases with the radius on the scale comparable to the radius of maximum azimuthal velocity. The energy decays without forcing, while the vortex remains compact despite its viscous spreading. This scenario dramatically changes in the strong forcing regime, characterized by the substantial growth of the vortex energy due to the increase in velocity and angular momentum at the vortex periphery so that ultimately, the vortex transforms into a noncompact structure. The maximum of angular momentum redistribution is found to be proportional to the enstrophy of smaller-scale vorticity field. The results have important implications for better understanding the fate of vortices and physical mechanisms of energy transfer.
A Literature Review on the Benefits for an Interprofessional Educational Program to Increase Novice Nurse Awareness of Case Management in Heart Failure.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this literature review is to examine the potential value for an interprofessional education program to increase novice nurse awareness of case management in heart failure (HF). PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTING Acute care health care settings involving novice nurses. FINDINGS/CONCLUSIONS Evidence demonstrates that interprofessional collaboration on transitional care interventions for HF patients reduces 30-day readmissions. Implementation of an interprofessional education program for novice nurses can be an effective intervention to decrease readmissions by increasing knowledge of the nurse case manager role and development of interprofessional relationships. IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE Increased awareness of HF case management is important for novice nurses. Understanding the nurse case manager role and early interprofessional collaboration can improve patient health outcomes among the HF population. Therefore, an education program to build confidence and strengthen interprofessional partnership in HF case management for the novice nurse is warranted.
Utilizing a new eco-friendly drilling mud additive generated from wastes to minimize the use of the conventional chemical additives

The cost of the drilling operation is very high. Drilling fluid presents 15 to 30% of the entire expense of the drilling process. Ordinarily, the major drilling fluids additives are viscosity modifiers, filtration control agents, and partial loss treatments. In this experimental work, full-set measurements under fresh and aged conditions, as well as high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) API filtration, were conducted to study the impacts of adding 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% of black sunflower seeds’ shell powder (BSSSP) to spud mud. BSSSP of various grain sizes showed their ability to be invested for viscosity modifying, seepage loss controlling, and partial loss remediation. In addition to BSSSP eminent efficiency to be used as a multifunctional additive, the BSSSP is cheap, locally obtainable in commercial quantities, environmentally friendly additive and easy to grind into various desired grain sizes. Besides its outstanding strength to behave under conditions up to 30 h aged time and under 50 °C (122 °F) temperature, the utilization of powdered waste black sunflower shells in the drilling process and other industrial applications can reduce the effects of food waste on the environment and the personnel safety. To sum it up, experimental findings revealed that BSSSP can be used for multiple applications as a novel fibrous and particulate additive. The results elucidated BSSSP suitability in substituting or at least minimizing some of the traditional chemical materials utilized in the petroleum industry such as salt clay, polymers, and lost circulation materials (LCM).
Distributed Computing for the Project 8 Experiment

The Project 8 collaboration aims to measure the absolute neutrino mass or improve on the current limit by measuring the tritium beta decay electron spectrum. We present the current distributed computing model for the Project 8 experiment. Project 8 is in its second phase of data taking with a near continuous data rate of 1Gbps. The current computing model uses DIRAC (Distributed Infrastructure with Remote Agent Control) for its workflow and data management. A detailed meta-data assignment using the DIRAC File Catalog is used to automate raw data transfers and subsequent stages of data processing. The DIRAC system is deployed on containers managed using a Kubernetes cluster to provide a scalable infrastructure. A modified DIRAC Site Director provides the ability to submit jobs using Singularity on opportunistic High-Performance Computing (HPC) sites.
Araujo, Ana Lucia, Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History

Waves of protest against racial injustice have once again placed discussions about reparations for slavery and the slave trade under a bright spotlight. At least two implicit assumptions have frame...
Mast cell-derived IL-13 downregulates IL-12 production by skin dendritic cells to inhibit the TH1 cell response to cutaneous antigen exposure.

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a skin barrier defect aggravated by mechanical injury inflicted by scratching, a TH2 cell–dominated immune response, and susceptibility to viral skin infections that are normally restrained by a TH1 cell response. The signals leading to a TH2 cell–dominated immune response in AD are not completely understood. Objective Our aim was to determine the role of IL-13 in initiation of the TH cell response to cutaneously encountered antigens. Methods Wild-type, Il13–/–, Il1rl1–/–, and Il4ra–/– mice, as well as mice with selective deficiency of IL-13 in mast cells (MCs) were studied; in addition, dendritic cells (DCs) purified from the draining lymph nodes of tape-stripped and ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized skin were examined for their ability to polarize naive OVA-TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells. Cytokine expression was examined by reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR, intracellular flow cytometry, and ELISA. Contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene was examined. Results Tape stripping caused IL-33–driven upregulation of Il13 expression by skin MCs. MC-derived IL-13 acted on DCs from draining lymph nodes of OVA-sensitized skin to selectively suppress their ability to polarize naive OVA-TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells into IFN-γ–secreting cells. MC-derived IL-13 inhibited the TH1 cell response in contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene. IL-13 suppressed IL-12 production by mouse skin–derived DCs in vitro and in vivo. Scratching upregulated IL13 expression in human skin, and IL-13 suppressed the capacity of LPS-stimulated human skin DCs to express IL-12 and promote IFN-γ secretion by CD4+ T cells. Conclusion Release of IL-13 by cutaneous MCs in response to mechanical skin injury inhibits the TH1 cell response to cutaneous antigen exposure in AD.
Hollywood survival strategies in the post-COVID 19 era

Since the arrival of the Coronavirus in the United States, Americans have been forced to quarantine themselves at home in dramatic fashion, unlike almost any other time in the nation’s history Moreover, the American workforce has been equally impacted by virtue of state-imposed shutdowns that have affected innumerable businesses, including the Hollywood entertainment industry, which is the subject of this research I examine how commercial entertainment conglomerates like AT&T, Comcast, Disney, ViacomCBS, and Fox have responded to mandatory closures for businesses that employ a human workforce upon whom they rely for their labor, and to human consumers they seek to distribute their film and television commodities to for profit Using historical and discourse analyses in a political economic theoretical framework, I review contemporary reports about the economic conditions which have influenced the industry’s technological adaptation and innovation and argue that the Hollywood television and film industries will capitalize upon this current public health crisis as a motivator to adopt streaming platforms as the new preferred distribution mechanism of entertainment long after COVID 19 is a memory This qualitative research examines the technological adaptations employed by these entertainment conglomerates to analyze (1) how the transition to streaming video on demand has occurred, and evaluates (2) what the adoption of these survival strategies mean for Hollywood’s long-term economic future and survival in a “digitally competitive” (Smith and Telang, 2017) marketplace
Mitochondrial biogenesis factor PGC-1α suppresses spinal morphine tolerance by reducing mitochondrial superoxide.

Abstract Opioid use disorders (OUDs) have reached an epidemic level in the United States. The opioid epidemic involves illicit opioid use, prescription opioids for analgesia, counterfeit opioids, new psychoactive substances, and diverted opioids. Opioids remain the last option for the treatment of intractable clinical pain, but chronic use of opioids are limited in part due to antinociceptive/analgesic tolerance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), a mitochondrial biogenesis factor can reduce toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a role in morphine tolerance (MT). Decreased PGC-1α expression has been shown to contribute to various metabolic disorders or neurodegeneration diseases through increasing ROS. We examined the relationship of PGC-1α and ROS in MT. To induce MT, adult Sprague-Dawley rats received intrathecal morphine for 7 days. Mechanical threshold was measured using the von Frey test and thermal latency was examined using the heat plate test. Expression of PGC-1α in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) was examined using RT-PCR and western blots. Mitochondrial superoxide was detected using MitoSox Red, a mitochondrial superoxide indicator. The antinociceptive effect of recombinant PGC-1α (rPGC-1α) or Mito-Tempol (a mitochondria-targeted superoxide scavenger) was determined using the von Frey test and hot plate test. Furthermore, we examined the effect of rPGC-1α on mitochondrial superoxide using cultured neurons. Our findings include that: (i) spinal MT decreased the expression of spinal PGC-1α in the SCDH neurons; (ii) rPGC-1α increased mechanical threshold and thermal latency in MT animals; (iii) Mito-Tempol reduced MT behavioral response; (iv) rPGC-1α reduced MT-induced mitochondria-targeted superoxide; and (v) cultured neuronal cells treated with TNFα increased mitochondria-targeted superoxide that can be inhibited by rPGC-1α. The present findings suggest that spinal PGC-1α reduce MT through decreasing mitochondria-targeted superoxide in the SCDH.